2027年高考英语一轮复习调研检测卷03（上海卷）

2027年高考一轮复习调研检测卷03（上海卷） 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸 上， 做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience 1 (inspire) your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? 2 so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University, 3 high school students:● Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who 4 (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. ● Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown. ● Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers. ● Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable to any major and career. The academy offers two options: 5 on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections:● Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format. A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments. ● Newsroom provides time for students to apply 8 they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. ● Guest Talks offer students advice and insight 9 journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters. Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions 10 (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. Section B (10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．swings B．birth C． deceive D．seeds E. engagement F. rarely G. elevate H. naturally I. necessarily J. note K. eclipse The Dark Side of Creativity Few psychological traits are as desirable as creativity — the ability to come up with ideas that are both novel and useful. Yet it is also true that creativity has been associated with a wide range of unattractive, 11 discussed qualities. Being aware of these tendencies is important for anyone trying to better understand their own creativity, or that of other people. First, research has established a link between creativity and negative moods. You do not have to be depressed to be creative. However, it is true that there is some concrete evidence for the stereotype that artists tend to be depressive or suffer from mood 12 . As German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once noted: “One must have chaos in oneself to be able to give 13 to a dancing star.” In general, people who are very emotionally stable may be too happy to feel the need to create. After all, if the status quo is fine, why change it? More recently, creativity has been associated with dishonesty, probably because it enables individuals to creatively distort reality. This is not to say that creative people are 14 unethical. Rather, their lower tolerance for boredom and tradition, and their more vivid imaginations, equip them with more sophisticated mental tools to 15 both themselves and others. Research has also found that creative individuals are often more narcissistic (自恋的), and that narcissism can actually boost creative achievements. This makes sense. Narcissistic people are focused on themselves, and 16 spend more time developing their own ideas and less time worrying about pleasing other people. However, it is important to 17 that narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are. Of course, the bright side of creativity tends to 18 its dark side. At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow 19 , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity. And at the societal level, creativity provides the 20 of change and progress. Without creativity, we would still be living in the dark ages. II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Every technology has improved over the years except batteries! Why can’t someone invent a better battery?” These are the words we often hear from technology fans. In fact, though, the average technology fan is 21 two huge points about batteries. First point: The batteries you probably 22 most are the ones in your phone or laptop. But you could argue — and many scientists do that batteries are the keys to handling much, much bigger problems, like energy, transportation and climate change. 23 , today electric cars represent only about 1 percent of U.S. new car sales. One reason is they cost more than gas-powered cars. Another is 24 anxiety — consumers’ fear they’ll run out of charge far from home. The 25 , higher-capacity (容量) batteries now under development aim to solve both those problems. Then there’s the grid (输电网). Electric utilities (电力公司) spend their days coping with swings in energy 26 . There’s almost no demand at night, when everyone’s asleep, and then tremendous increase at 5 p.m., when people get home from work. Utilities actually 27 expensive, inefficient, occasionally used backup power plants just to handle demand increase, as occurs during heat waves. Batteries connected to the grid could even out those strange swings. Maybe even more important, grid batteries could capture solar power while the sun’s shining — and wind power when it’s blowing — for use when we really 28 it. Thus far we haven’t been able to make the sun and wind respect our lifestyle 29 . The other important point: Batteries have been getting better over the decades. The reason why we don’t 30 it is that our devices have been getting faster, more powerful and more power hungry at the same time. If you could put a 31 iPhone battery into a 1995 phone, it’d probably go a year on a single charge. Other great things are 32 . Materials scientist Mike Zimmerman has succeeded in replacing the liquid electrolyte (液体电解质), which can burn easily, with a single piece of special plastic film. That is, batteries 33 exploding. And because it’s unblowuppable, Zimmerma can use lithium metal, which has a much higher energy density but is considered too 34 to us with today’s liquid-electrolyte batteries. That is: batteries with a longer life. So if you do want to complain about your batteries, get it out now. It won’t be long before they have a much better 35 . 21．A．solving B．following C．missing D．weighing 22．A．think about B．take up C．get across D．see through 23．A．In summary B．In addition C．By contrast D．For example 24．A．range B．power C．state D．stress 25．A．stronger B．cheaper C．safer D．cleaner 26．A．price B．demand C．stock D．control 27．A．maintain B．evaluate C．abandon D．identify 28．A．emphasize B．stop C．neglect D．need 29．A．varieties B．directions C．schedules D．purposes 30．A．notice B．doubt C．support D．ignore 31．A．charged B．used C．dead D．modern 32．A．at a loss B．in the darkness C．on the way D．with a question 33．A．inconvenient for B．incapable of C．sensitive to D．different from 34．A．popular B．dangerous C．common D．economical 35．A．comparison B．opportunity C．understanding D．reputation Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Charles Blackmore led an expedition across one of the last unexplored places on earth, the Taklamakan Desert in western China. His team was composed of four Britons, an American photographer, four Chinese, 30 camels and six camel handlers. It later turned out that the camel handlers had never worked with camels before, but were long-distance lorry drivers: a misunderstanding that could have cost everyone their lives and certainly affected the expedition’s success. This mixed group set out to cross 1,200 kilometres of the world’s most deserted desert and Charles Blackmore has written a book for their journey. At the time, he was about to leave the Army after 14 happy years. He launched the expedition for fun, to fill a gap in his life, to prove something. “I had always assumed I’d spend my whole life in the Army. I had been offered promotion but suddenly I felt I wanted to see who Charles Blackmore really was, outside all that. It was a tremendous gamble. Tina, my wife, was very worried that I wouldn’t come back as nobody had ever done that route; we went into it blind. In the event, it took 59 days to cross from west to east, and the desert was very kind to us.” Anyone reading his extraordinary account of the crossing will wonder at the use of the word “kind”. The team suffered unspeakable hardships: extremes of temperature; severe thirst; the loss of part of their precious water supply… “But”, Blackmore explains, “when we were at the limits of our own endurance and the camels had gone without water for seven days, we managed to find some. We didn’t experience the Taklamakan’s legendary sandstorms. And we never hit the raw, biting desert cold that would have totally immobilised us. That’s not to say that we weren’t fighting against difficulties the whole time. The fine sand got into everything. The high dunes were difficult to climb, for us and for the camels, which often rolled over onto us.” “What drove me on more than anything else was the need to survive. We had no alternative plan. Neither our budget nor time allowed one. No aircraft ever flew over us. Once we got into the sandhills we were completely on our own.” If it was like that at the beginning, how did they feel towards the end? “When you’ve walked for 1,000 kilometres you’re not going to turn back. You’ve endured so much; you’ve got so much behind you. We were very thin, but very muscular despite our physical exhaustion”. 36．When the expedition members set off, some of the group ________. A．presented an unexpected risk B．disagreed with each other C．were doubtful of success D．went on ahead of the others 37．Charles Blackmore had decided to set up the expedition because ________. A．he was certain he could complete it B．he wanted to write a book C．his aims in life had changed D．his self-confidence was low 38．Which of the following best describes the team’s experience of the desert? A．It was worse than they had expected. B．It presented continual difficulties. C．They were not able to have enough rest. D．They sometimes could not make any progress at all. 39．According to Blackmore, what enabled him to finish the expedition? A．His lack of funding. B．His strength of will. C．His physical preparation. D．His understanding of the desert. (B) The Shimmering State by Meredith Westgate. Atria Books, 2021 ($27) Memoroxin, a personalized pill that replaces memories in people with Alzheimer’s, is being abused as a recreational drug. Disconnected from reality, Lucien and Sophie meet at a “Mem” health recovery center in Los Angeles, where personal psychological traumas, along with foreign memories, can be removed. They feel drawn to each other; have they met before? Like the film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind , The Shimmering State explores whether the joys and pains of love can ever be fully erased. Through interconnected relationships, the novel delves into some of the moral dilemmas of a technology that can catalog and edit consciousness. —Jen Schwartz     Dark and Magical Places: The Neuroscience of Navigation by Christopher Kemp. W.W. Norton, 2022 ($26.95) Navigation is one of the most complex cognitive tasks humans engage in daily. In this fascinating dive into the brain, neurobiology researcher Christopher Kemp explores how we orient where we’re going, why we lose our way, and what scientists know about how we do both these things. Kemp’s explanations of concepts such as grid cells are clear and engaging, but the book shines brightest in his entertaining descriptions of his own chronic lostness, as well as in surprisingly moving stories about people who have wandered dangerously off route. Some make it home, but others don’t. —Tess Joosse Secret Worlds: The Extraordinary Senses of Animals by Martin Stevens. Oxford University Press, 2021 ($25.95) Ecologist Martin Stevens catalogs animals’ sensory systems and how they exceed our own while informing and challenging our reality as humans. The book has a narrative and inquisitive style that will show examples of the amazing capabilities they allow, from nocturnal dung beetles that orientate by using the Milky Way to sea turtles that navigate currents by reading the earth’s magnetic fields. Secret Worlds is filled with lessons on how different species evolved to perceive the world. —Jen St.Jude Once There Were Wolves by Charlotte McConaghy. Flatiron Books, 2021 ($27.99) Australian writer Charlotte McConaghy (author of Migrations ) delivers a thrilling and touching novel about a woman named Inti Flynn and her team of biologists who reintroduce gray wolves into Scotland’s remote Highlands. At first, the wolves seem to thrive, but when a farmer gets hurt, she suspects the man she loves. Her story unfolds as a social and scientific meditation on the consequences of influencing ecosystems, while reminding us that humans and animals alike can break our hearts. —Amy Brady 40．What can we infer from the introduction of The Shimmering State? A．Memoroxin, which cures Alzheimer’s, is a recreational drug. B．Lucien and Sophie feel drawn to each other for foreign memories. C．The book suggests the joys and pains of love should be completely removed. D．Editing consciousness by a technology may bring about some moral problems. 41．It can be learned from the whole passage that__________. A．among the four books, only Dark and Magical Places touches upon the topic of navigation B．the heroine in Once There Were Wolves doesn’t believe the farmer is hurt by wolves C．the highlights of Dark and Magical Places are Kemp’s explanations of some concepts D．McConaghy’s novel merely focuses on the social and scientific impact on the ecosystems 42．If Bob is interested in science and wants to gain more insight into animals’ perception of the world, which of the books should be recommended? A．The Shimmering State B．Dark and Magical Places C．Secret Worlds D．Once There Were Wolves (C) More organisations are planning missions to the Moon in the coming years. Scientists warn, however, that this renewed rush to explore could damage some of the Moon’s most valuable scientific areas before they are properly studied. Researchers Dr Alanna Krolikowski and Martin Elvis argue that these “sites of extraordinary scientific importance” should be protected now, before irreversible harm occurs. A few areas in particular stand out. The first is the far side of the Moon, which always points away from Earth. “It’s probably the best place for radio astronomy in the Solar System because it’s protected from Earth’s artificial radio noise,” says Prof Ian Crawford, from University of London, who has also argued for careful management of our activities on the Moon. A radio telescope positioned on the far side of the Moon could help astronomers explore the dark ages — the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang, before the first stars and galaxies (星系) had fully formed. The telescope would be able to pick up those long radio waves that are reflected by Earth’s atmosphere and therefore impossible to study from the ground. “This means spacecraft operating on the far side will need to minimise radio transmissions (发射) and have their electronics well shielded,” says Crawford. The other areas of concern are the lunar poles. They are home to particularly cold and shadowy regions that sunlight never reaches. These regions trap chemicals (known as volatiles) that would normally break down and escape into space: chemicals that arrived by asteroid and comet impacts (小行星和彗星撞击) billions of years ago. As such, they provide us with an unparalleled snapshot into the history of the Solar System. The trouble is that one of those volatiles is water ice, a highly valuable resource for future human missions in space. The ice can be melted for water to drink and clean with, but also split into hydrogen for rocket fuel and oxygen for breathing. About half of all upcoming Moon missions are heading to the lunar poles for this reason. “The key priority is to prevent rocket gases and large amounts of dust from polluting the substances trapped in these permanently dark regions,” says Crawford. “It’s important that such pollution doesn’t occur before we’ve had a chance to examine these regions in their original states.” Further exploration of the Moon is inevitable, but we only have one chance to preserve its unique habitats and hidden secrets. 43．According to the passage, why is the far side of the Moon suitable for radio astronomy? A．It contains substances formed during the dark ages. B．It is largely free from radio signals produced on Earth. C．Its atmosphere reflects long radio waves back into space. D．Its physical features allow big telescopes to be built there. 44．Why does the lunar poles present a challenge for future exploration? A．Spacecraft activity may impact radio research. B．Its water ice is difficult for humans to use safely. C．Exploration may damage areas scientists hope to study. D．Ancient chemicals in the region are disappearing quickly. 45．Which of the following would Crawford most likely agree with? A．Radio astronomy should take priority over water-ice research. B．Lunar resources should mainly support future human settlements. C．Lunar exploration should continue with careful scientific protection. D．Scientists should avoid exploring regions that haven’t been polluted. 46．What is the passage mainly intended to do? A．To explain how future Moon missions will affect space travel. B．To describe the scientific value of the Moon’s hidden regions. C．To suggest ways to reduce the potential harm done by lunar research. D．To warn that important lunar areas could be damaged by exploration. Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Back to the Drawing Board The traditional approach to finding habitable(可居住的)planets outside our solar system has been to look for Earth-like planets in a star’s “Goldilocks zone,” where it’s not too hot or too cold for liquid water. 47 . In other words, the conditions for life may be more complex and varied than previously thought. Astrophysicists now believe that in addition to the right temperature range, several other factors are critical in determining whether a planet can support life. These include the planet’s mass, atmospheric composition, and its magnetic field, which can protect the planet from harmful radiation. Furthermore, the planet’s orbital dynamics play significant roles in stabilizing its climate over long periods. Recent studies have shown that some planets might exhibit what scientists call “fractional habitability.” 48 Instead, areas or periods that can support life might be enough, similar to how life on Earth exists in various environments like deep oceans and deserts. For instance, a planet orbiting a red dwarf star — common but faint stars in our galaxy — might experience intense tidal heating due to its closeness to its star. This tidal heating could prevent the planet’s surface from freezing entirely, creating potential underwater or underground habitats, despite the star’s weak solar output. Additionally, the volcanic activity stimulated by tidal forces could release gases essential for an atmosphere capable of supporting life. 49 Such planets might be mostly unfriendly to life for part of their orbit but could offer brief windows where conditions are perfect for life. This kind of habitability challenges our Earth-centric view of life’s requirements and suggests that even planets in the chaotic orbits of binary star systems(双星系统)might occasionally host life-giving conditions. As the search for extraterrestrial life continues, these new models help scientists prioritize targets for further investigation. 50 This brings us closer to understanding the true nature of habitability and perhaps eventual finding life beyond Earth. A．This concept suggests that a planet does not need to be fully habitable across its entire surface all the time to support life. B．Even Earth is not 100 per cent habitable by the standard liquid-water definition. C．Another possibility involves planets with irregular orbits, leading to extreme seasonal changes. D．It sounds like a simple enough wish list, but finding a planet that fulfils all of these criteria has kept astronomers busy for decades. E．However, recent advancements in astronomy have expanded our understanding of planetary habitability. F．With each discovery, we learn more about the vast diversity of planetary environments. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Take flu outbreaks far more seriously The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to combat the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an ever deadlier pandemic flu that most experts agree will come in the future. People suffer and die needlessly. In the U.S. alone, seasonal flu can cause up to 36 million infections, three quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56,000 deaths. We are not taking the time and investing the resources needed to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communities. Why not? We haven’t been hit by a truly devastating pandemic in a long time. So as individuals, we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us. Since 2003 the federal government has cut per capita funding by 60% for the U.S. Public Health Emergency Preparedness program. This has contributed to the loss of more than 45,700 jobs at state and local health departments since 2008. Why do we as a nation continue to leave ourselves vulnerable? The simple answer lies in our collective complacency. As soon as headlines about the flu are gone, hospitals are emptied of flu patients, schools are back in session and workplace absenteeism declines, we go back to business as usual. At the personal level, you can learn the essentials of reducing flu transmission in your family and local community. You can make sure that everyone in your family receives the flu shot. And you can reach out to your congressional representatives to encourage them to support funding that strengthens local, state and national pandemic-preparedness programs. Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．无糖口香糖有助于减少口腔疾病。(contribute)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 53．你认为获得高中毕业证书需要些什么? (take) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 54．不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 55．食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，看到学校英文报上的 TROUBLESHOOTER (“排忧解难”) 专栏 Lynn 发的一封信，你通过该英文报回复 Lynn，给她提供建议，帮助她改变父母的想法。你的信必须包括： 1.你的建议； 2.你的理由。 Dear TROUBLESHOOTER, I’m a high school student who has a passion for photography. I’ve been saving up to buy my dream camera, but my parents insist that it’s a waste of time and money, and that I should focus entirely on my studies. They don’t understand why photography matters to me. How can I change their mind? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lynn 2 / 21 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考一轮复习调研检测卷03（上海卷） 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸 上， 做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience 1 (inspire) your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? 2 so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University, 3 high school students:● Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who 4 (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. ● Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown. ● Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers. ● Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable to any major and career. The academy offers two options: 5 on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections:● Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format. A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments. ● Newsroom provides time for students to apply 8 they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. ● Guest Talks offer students advice and insight 9 journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters. Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions 10 (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. 【答案】 1．to inspire 2．If 3．where 4．have shared/shared 5．an 6．drawn 7．is organized/will be organized 8．what 9．from 10．starting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了波士顿大学暑期新闻学院的相关信息。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：寻找能激发你大学论文灵感的经历吗？此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰experience，表示“一种用来启发……的经历”。故填to inspire。 2．考查连词。句意：如果是这样，那就来看看波士顿大学暑期新闻学院吧。if so表示“如果是这样”，固定搭配。故填If。 3．考查介词。句意：这是一个由波士顿大学为高中生创建和运营的项目。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a program，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 4．考查时态。句意：向屡获殊荣的在职记者学习——其中包括两位因报道而共享普利策奖的记者。空处为句子的谓语动词。这里可以强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。也可用表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故填have shared/shared。 5．考查冠词。句意：学院提供两种选择：一个为期三周的针对有新闻经验学生的校园住宿项目，以及一个为期两周的适合所有经验水平的在家学习项目。program为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个校园住宿项目”，且on-campus发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于喜欢摄影的学生，我们为两者都提供了专门的新闻摄影课程。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词students，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作定语。故填drawn。 7．考查时态和语态。句意：每个选项都分为三个部分。主语Every option与organize之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态。也可以表示将要发生的动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 is organized/will be organized。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：新闻编辑室为学生提供了将课堂上学到的知识应用到实际新闻工作中的时间。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作learn的宾语，表示“……的东西”，用what引导该从句。故填what。 9．考查介词。句意：嘉宾演讲为学生提供来自新闻专家的建议和见解，主题包括广播报道和大学新闻学习等。结合语境可知，此处表示“来自新闻专家的建议和见解”，需用介词from。故填from。 10．考查现在分词。句意：从6月17日、7月1日和7月15日开始的在家学习课程的申请截止日期为5月10日。此处作后置定语，修饰sessions，sessions和start是主动关系，用现在分词。故填starting。 Section B (10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．swings B．birth C． deceive D．seeds E. engagement F. rarely G. elevate H. naturally I. necessarily J. note K. eclipse The Dark Side of Creativity Few psychological traits are as desirable as creativity — the ability to come up with ideas that are both novel and useful. Yet it is also true that creativity has been associated with a wide range of unattractive, 11 discussed qualities. Being aware of these tendencies is important for anyone trying to better understand their own creativity, or that of other people. First, research has established a link between creativity and negative moods. You do not have to be depressed to be creative. However, it is true that there is some concrete evidence for the stereotype that artists tend to be depressive or suffer from mood 12 . As German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once noted: “One must have chaos in oneself to be able to give 13 to a dancing star.” In general, people who are very emotionally stable may be too happy to feel the need to create. After all, if the status quo is fine, why change it? More recently, creativity has been associated with dishonesty, probably because it enables individuals to creatively distort reality. This is not to say that creative people are 14 unethical. Rather, their lower tolerance for boredom and tradition, and their more vivid imaginations, equip them with more sophisticated mental tools to 15 both themselves and others. Research has also found that creative individuals are often more narcissistic (自恋的), and that narcissism can actually boost creative achievements. This makes sense. Narcissistic people are focused on themselves, and 16 spend more time developing their own ideas and less time worrying about pleasing other people. However, it is important to 17 that narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are. Of course, the bright side of creativity tends to 18 its dark side. At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow 19 , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity. And at the societal level, creativity provides the 20 of change and progress. Without creativity, we would still be living in the dark ages. 【答案】 11．F 12．A 13．B 14．I 15．C 16．H 17．J 18．K 19．E 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕创造力展开讨论，阐述了创造力的积极面，同时重点分析了其鲜少被讨论的消极面及相关研究发现。 11．考查副词。句意：然而，创造力也确实与一系列不吸引人、鲜少被讨论的特质有关。空处修饰动词discussed，应用副词，结合语境，创造力的消极特质是人们不常提及的，副词rarely“很少；鲜少”符合题意。故选F。 12．考查名词。句意：然而，有具体证据支持这种刻板印象——艺术家往往抑郁或遭受情绪波动的困扰，这是事实。空处作suffer from的宾语，应用名词，结合前文“negative moods”和“depressive”，可知此处指情绪的起伏变化，名词swings“波动；摇摆”符合题意。故选A。 13．考查名词。句意：正如德国哲学家弗里德里希·尼采曾经指出的：“一个人内心必须有混沌，才能孕育出舞动的星辰。” 空处作give的宾语，结合空后“to a dancing star”可知，这里为固定搭配give birth to“孕育；产生”，名词birth“诞生；孕育”符合题意。故选B。 14．考查副词。句意：这并不是说有创造力的人一定不道德。空处修饰形容词unethical，应用副词，结合后文“Rather”的转折可知，有创造力的人并不是一定不道德的人，副词necessarily“必然地；一定”符合题意。故选I。 15．考查动词。句意：相反，他们对无聊和传统的较低容忍度，以及更丰富的想象力，为他们提供了更复杂的心理工具来欺骗自己和他人。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形，结合前文“creatively distort reality”，可知此处指欺骗自己和他人，动词deceive“欺骗；蒙骗”符合题意。故选C。 16．考查副词。句意：自恋的人专注于自己，自然会花更多时间发展自己的想法，而花更少时间担心取悦他人。空处修饰动词spend，应用副词，结合“Narcissistic people are focused on themselves”可知，自恋者的特质决定了他们自然会更关注自身，副词naturally“自然地”符合题意。故选H。 17．考查动词。句意：然而，重要的是要注意，自恋者往往认为自己比实际更有创造力。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形，结合“narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are”可知，这是人们需要注意的一点，动词note“注意；留意”符合题意。故选J。 18．考查动词。句意：当然，创造力的光明面往往会盖过它的黑暗面。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形。结合后文“At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow ____ , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity.”对创造力积极面的阐述，可知其光明面超过黑暗面，动词eclipse“盖过；使黯然失色”符合题意。故选K。 19．考查名词。句意：在个人层面，创造力与一系列积极情绪有关，比如心流投入和主观幸福感。空处与subjective well-being并列，应用名词，结合“flow”可知，心流状态是一种全身心投入的积极体验，名词engagement“投入；参与”符合题意。故选E。 20．考查名词。句意：在社会层面，创造力播下了变革和进步的种子。空处作provides的宾语，应用名词，结合常识可知，创造力是变革和进步的基础，名词seeds“种子”符合题意。故选D。 II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Every technology has improved over the years except batteries! Why can’t someone invent a better battery?” These are the words we often hear from technology fans. In fact, though, the average technology fan is 21 two huge points about batteries. First point: The batteries you probably 22 most are the ones in your phone or laptop. But you could argue — and many scientists do that batteries are the keys to handling much, much bigger problems, like energy, transportation and climate change. 23 , today electric cars represent only about 1 percent of U.S. new car sales. One reason is they cost more than gas-powered cars. Another is 24 anxiety — consumers’ fear they’ll run out of charge far from home. The 25 , higher-capacity (容量) batteries now under development aim to solve both those problems. Then there’s the grid (输电网). Electric utilities (电力公司) spend their days coping with swings in energy 26 . There’s almost no demand at night, when everyone’s asleep, and then tremendous increase at 5 p.m., when people get home from work. Utilities actually 27 expensive, inefficient, occasionally used backup power plants just to handle demand increase, as occurs during heat waves. Batteries connected to the grid could even out those strange swings. Maybe even more important, grid batteries could capture solar power while the sun’s shining — and wind power when it’s blowing — for use when we really 28 it. Thus far we haven’t been able to make the sun and wind respect our lifestyle 29 . The other important point: Batteries have been getting better over the decades. The reason why we don’t 30 it is that our devices have been getting faster, more powerful and more power hungry at the same time. If you could put a 31 iPhone battery into a 1995 phone, it’d probably go a year on a single charge. Other great things are 32 . Materials scientist Mike Zimmerman has succeeded in replacing the liquid electrolyte (液体电解质), which can burn easily, with a single piece of special plastic film. That is, batteries 33 exploding. And because it’s unblowuppable, Zimmerma can use lithium metal, which has a much higher energy density but is considered too 34 to us with today’s liquid-electrolyte batteries. That is: batteries with a longer life. So if you do want to complain about your batteries, get it out now. It won’t be long before they have a much better 35 . 21．A．solving B．following C．missing D．weighing 22．A．think about B．take up C．get across D．see through 23．A．In summary B．In addition C．By contrast D．For example 24．A．range B．power C．state D．stress 25．A．stronger B．cheaper C．safer D．cleaner 26．A．price B．demand C．stock D．control 27．A．maintain B．evaluate C．abandon D．identify 28．A．emphasize B．stop C．neglect D．need 29．A．varieties B．directions C．schedules D．purposes 30．A．notice B．doubt C．support D．ignore 31．A．charged B．used C．dead D．modern 32．A．at a loss B．in the darkness C．on the way D．with a question 33．A．inconvenient for B．incapable of C．sensitive to D．different from 34．A．popular B．dangerous C．common D．economical 35．A．comparison B．opportunity C．understanding D．reputation 【答案】 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．D 【导语】文章讲述人们总抱怨电池技术停滞不前，却忽略两个关键点：电池能解决电动车、电网储能等能源难题，且多年来一直在进步。新型安全高容量电池正在研发，未来电池的口碑将会大幅改善。 【详解】21．考查动词。句意：但事实上，普通科技爱好者忽略了关于电池的两大重点。A. solving解决；B. following跟随；C. missing忽略，漏掉；D. weighing权衡。根据后文“First point”以及语境可知，下文分两点讲解大众不了解的电池相关关键信息，所以此处指爱好者遗漏了两个重要要点。 22．考查动词短语。句意：第一点，你最可能想到的电池就是手机或笔记本电脑里的电池。A. think about想到；B. take up占据；C. get across使理解；D. see through看穿。根据后文“the ones in your phone or laptop”和“like energy, transportation and climate change”描述大众只会联想到数码设备电池，不会联想到电动汽车、电网储能电池可知，手机或笔记本电脑里的电池是人们最先想到的电池。 23．考查介词短语。句意：例如，如今电动汽车仅占美国新车销量的1%。A. In summary总之；B. In addition此外；C. By contrast相比之下；D. For example例如。前文“batteries are the keys to handling much, much bigger problems, like energy, transportation and climate change”提出电池能解决交通、能源等重大难题，而后文用电动汽车的现状举例佐证观点可知，For example符合语境。 24．考查名词。句意：另一个原因是续航焦虑 —— 消费者担心在离家很远的地方电量耗尽。A. range续航；B. power电力；C. state状态；D. stress压力。根据后文“they’ll run out of charge far from home”解释该词含义为担心电动车电量不足、半路没电可知，此处指续航焦虑，range anxiety是固定搭配，表示“续航焦虑”，符合语境。 25．考查形容词。句意：目前正在研发更便宜、容量更大的电池，旨在解决这两个问题。A. stronger更强的；B. cheaper更便宜的；C. safer更安全的；D. cleaner更清洁的。根据前文“they cost more than gas-powered cars”提出电动车售价高于燃油车以及语境可知，此处指更便宜的电池可解决高价问题。 26．考查名词。句意：电力公司每天都要应对电力需求的波动。A. price价格；B. demand需求；C. stock储备；D. control控制。根据后文“There’s almost no demand at night”以及语境可知，此处指昼夜对电力需求的波动，demand为原词复现，符合语境。 27．考查动词。句意：电力公司维持昂贵、低效、偶尔启用的备用发电厂，只为应对用电激增。A. maintain维持，保有；B. evaluate评估；C. abandon舍弃；D. identify识别。根据后文“used backup power plants just to handle demand increase, as occurs during heat waves”提到备用电厂仅用电高峰启用，却需要长期投入运营可知，此处指电力公司需要维护、保有这些设施。 28．考查动词。句意：更重要的是，电网电池可以储存白天太阳能、有风时的风能，供我们真正需要能源时使用。A. emphasize强调；B. stop停止；C. neglect忽视；D. need需要。根据前文“grid batteries could capture solar power”以及语境可知，此处指储能电池的作用是平抑用电波动，把富余能源留到我们真的需要用电高峰期使用。 29．考查名词。句意：到目前为止，我们还无法让太阳能、风能匹配我们的生活作息。A. varieties种类；B. directions方向；C. schedules作息，时间安排；D. purposes目的。根据前文“solar power while the sun’s shining — and wind power when it’s blowing”描述白天阳光充足、风力充足，但人们傍晚下班才大量用电可知，此处指能源产出时间和人们生活作息时间不匹配。 30．考查动词。句意：我们没注意到电池一直在进步，是因为设备同时变得更快、功率更高、耗电更多。A. notice注意到；B. doubt怀疑；C. support支持；D. ignore忽视。根据开篇“Every technology has improved over the years except batteries!”描述人们总吐槽电池技术停滞不前可知，此处指大家没有察觉到电池一直在升级改进。 31．考查形容词。句意：如果把现代苹果手机电池装到1995年的手机里，充一次电大概能用一年。A. charged充好电的；B. used用过的；C. dead没电的；D. modern现代的。根据后文“into a 1995 phone”以及语境可知，此处将新款电池和老式手机搭配对比续航，所以这里指当下新款手机的电池。 32．考查介词短语。句意：其他重大突破也即将到来。A. at a loss困惑；B. in the darkness在黑暗中；C. on the way即将到来；D. with a question存有疑问。根据后文“Materials scientist Mike Zimmerman has succeeded in replacing the liquid electrolyte”介绍科学家研发出新型电池技术可知，此处指更多电池创新技术正在研发、即将问世。 33．考查形容词短语。句意：也就是说，电池不会爆炸。A. inconvenient for不方便；B. incapable of不能；C. sensitive to对……敏感；D. different from不同于。根据前文“the liquid electrolyte (液体电解质), which can burn easily”以及语境可知，此处指用不易燃的塑料薄膜替换易燃烧的液体电解质，新型电池不会发生爆炸，incapable of符合语境。 34．考查形容词。句意：而且由于该电池不会爆炸，齐默曼得以采用金属锂。金属锂能量密度要高得多，但如果搭配如今的液态电解质电池使用，会被认为风险过高。A. popular受欢迎的；B. dangerous危险的；C. common普通的；D. economical经济的。根据前文“the liquid electrolyte (液体电解质), which can burn easily”描述老式液体电解质容易燃烧，此处指锂金属在旧电池体系中十分危险。 35．考查名词。句意：用不了多久，电池的口碑就会大幅好转。A. comparison对比；B. opportunity机会；C. understanding理解；D. reputation口碑，名声。根据开篇“Every technology has improved over the years except batteries!”描述大众普遍吐槽电池性能差，后文介绍多项电池技术突破可知，此处指未来电池性能提升，人们对电池的评价与口碑会变好。 Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Charles Blackmore led an expedition across one of the last unexplored places on earth, the Taklamakan Desert in western China. His team was composed of four Britons, an American photographer, four Chinese, 30 camels and six camel handlers. It later turned out that the camel handlers had never worked with camels before, but were long-distance lorry drivers: a misunderstanding that could have cost everyone their lives and certainly affected the expedition’s success. This mixed group set out to cross 1,200 kilometres of the world’s most deserted desert and Charles Blackmore has written a book for their journey. At the time, he was about to leave the Army after 14 happy years. He launched the expedition for fun, to fill a gap in his life, to prove something. “I had always assumed I’d spend my whole life in the Army. I had been offered promotion but suddenly I felt I wanted to see who Charles Blackmore really was, outside all that. It was a tremendous gamble. Tina, my wife, was very worried that I wouldn’t come back as nobody had ever done that route; we went into it blind. In the event, it took 59 days to cross from west to east, and the desert was very kind to us.” Anyone reading his extraordinary account of the crossing will wonder at the use of the word “kind”. The team suffered unspeakable hardships: extremes of temperature; severe thirst; the loss of part of their precious water supply… “But”, Blackmore explains, “when we were at the limits of our own endurance and the camels had gone without water for seven days, we managed to find some. We didn’t experience the Taklamakan’s legendary sandstorms. And we never hit the raw, biting desert cold that would have totally immobilised us. That’s not to say that we weren’t fighting against difficulties the whole time. The fine sand got into everything. The high dunes were difficult to climb, for us and for the camels, which often rolled over onto us.” “What drove me on more than anything else was the need to survive. We had no alternative plan. Neither our budget nor time allowed one. No aircraft ever flew over us. Once we got into the sandhills we were completely on our own.” If it was like that at the beginning, how did they feel towards the end? “When you’ve walked for 1,000 kilometres you’re not going to turn back. You’ve endured so much; you’ve got so much behind you. We were very thin, but very muscular despite our physical exhaustion”. 36．When the expedition members set off, some of the group ________. A．presented an unexpected risk B．disagreed with each other C．were doubtful of success D．went on ahead of the others 37．Charles Blackmore had decided to set up the expedition because ________. A．he was certain he could complete it B．he wanted to write a book C．his aims in life had changed D．his self-confidence was low 38．Which of the following best describes the team’s experience of the desert? A．It was worse than they had expected. B．It presented continual difficulties. C．They were not able to have enough rest. D．They sometimes could not make any progress at all. 39．According to Blackmore, what enabled him to finish the expedition? A．His lack of funding. B．His strength of will. C．His physical preparation. D．His understanding of the desert. 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．B 39．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Charles Blackmore带领一支混合的探险队历时59天穿越了1200公里的世界上最荒凉的沙漠——中国西部的塔克拉玛干沙漠，而且Charles Blackmore已经为他们的旅程写了一本书。 【详解】36．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“His team was composed of four Britons, an American photographer, four Chinese, 30 camels and six camel handlers. It later turned out that the camel handlers had never worked with camels before, but were long-distance lorry drivers: a misunderstanding that could have cost everyone their lives and certainly affected the expedition’s success.(他的团队由4名英国人、1名美国摄影师、4名中国人、30头骆驼和6名骆驼驯兽师组成。后来才发现，这些骆驼饲养员以前从未接触过骆驼，而是长途卡车司机:这个误解可能会让每个人都付出生命的代价，当然也会影响探险的成功。)”可知Charles Blackmore这支探险队伍里面的6名骆驼驯兽师并不是真正的骆驼饲养员，而是长途卡车司机，所以这些人从一开始是就为队伍的探险之旅带来了意想不到的风险。故选A项。 37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He launched the expedition for fun, to fill a gap in his life, to prove something.(他发起这次探险是为了好玩，为了填补他生命中的空白，为了证明一些东西。)”以及““I had always assumed I’d spend my whole life in the Army. I had been offered promotion but suddenly I felt I wanted to see who Charles Blackmore really was, outside all that.(“我一直以为我会在军队里度过我的一生。我得到了升职的机会，但我突然觉得我想看看Charles Blackmore究竟是谁，在这一切之外。)”可知Charles Blackmore之所以决定组织这次探险是因为他的人生目标发生了改变。故选C项。 38．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The team suffered unspeakable hardships: extremes of temperature; severe thirst; the loss of part of their precious water supply…(摄制组遭遇了难以形容的困难：极端的温度；严重的干渴；他们失去了宝贵的水源……)”和“That’s not to say that we weren’t fighting against difficulties the whole time.(这并不是说我们没有一直在与困难作斗争。)”可知探险队在沙漠中经历了一系列的不断的困难。故选B项。 39．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““What drove me on more than anything else was the need to survive. We had no alternative plan. Neither our budget nor time allowed one. No aircraft ever flew over us. Once we got into the sandhills we were completely on our own.”(“对我来说，最重要的动力是生存的需要。我们没有其他的计划。我们的预算和时间都不允许。从来没有飞机飞过我们的上空。一旦我们进入沙丘，我们就完全靠自己了。”)”可知在Charles Blackmore看来，是他的坚强的意志让他完成了这次探险之旅。故选B项。 (B) The Shimmering State by Meredith Westgate. Atria Books, 2021 ($27) Memoroxin, a personalized pill that replaces memories in people with Alzheimer’s, is being abused as a recreational drug. Disconnected from reality, Lucien and Sophie meet at a “Mem” health recovery center in Los Angeles, where personal psychological traumas, along with foreign memories, can be removed. They feel drawn to each other; have they met before? Like the film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind , The Shimmering State explores whether the joys and pains of love can ever be fully erased. Through interconnected relationships, the novel delves into some of the moral dilemmas of a technology that can catalog and edit consciousness. —Jen Schwartz     Dark and Magical Places: The Neuroscience of Navigation by Christopher Kemp. W.W. Norton, 2022 ($26.95) Navigation is one of the most complex cognitive tasks humans engage in daily. In this fascinating dive into the brain, neurobiology researcher Christopher Kemp explores how we orient where we’re going, why we lose our way, and what scientists know about how we do both these things. Kemp’s explanations of concepts such as grid cells are clear and engaging, but the book shines brightest in his entertaining descriptions of his own chronic lostness, as well as in surprisingly moving stories about people who have wandered dangerously off route. Some make it home, but others don’t. —Tess Joosse Secret Worlds: The Extraordinary Senses of Animals by Martin Stevens. Oxford University Press, 2021 ($25.95) Ecologist Martin Stevens catalogs animals’ sensory systems and how they exceed our own while informing and challenging our reality as humans. The book has a narrative and inquisitive style that will show examples of the amazing capabilities they allow, from nocturnal dung beetles that orientate by using the Milky Way to sea turtles that navigate currents by reading the earth’s magnetic fields. Secret Worlds is filled with lessons on how different species evolved to perceive the world. —Jen St.Jude Once There Were Wolves by Charlotte McConaghy. Flatiron Books, 2021 ($27.99) Australian writer Charlotte McConaghy (author of Migrations ) delivers a thrilling and touching novel about a woman named Inti Flynn and her team of biologists who reintroduce gray wolves into Scotland’s remote Highlands. At first, the wolves seem to thrive, but when a farmer gets hurt, she suspects the man she loves. Her story unfolds as a social and scientific meditation on the consequences of influencing ecosystems, while reminding us that humans and animals alike can break our hearts. —Amy Brady 40．What can we infer from the introduction of The Shimmering State? A．Memoroxin, which cures Alzheimer’s, is a recreational drug. B．Lucien and Sophie feel drawn to each other for foreign memories. C．The book suggests the joys and pains of love should be completely removed. D．Editing consciousness by a technology may bring about some moral problems. 41．It can be learned from the whole passage that__________. A．among the four books, only Dark and Magical Places touches upon the topic of navigation B．the heroine in Once There Were Wolves doesn’t believe the farmer is hurt by wolves C．the highlights of Dark and Magical Places are Kemp’s explanations of some concepts D．McConaghy’s novel merely focuses on the social and scientific impact on the ecosystems 42．If Bob is interested in science and wants to gain more insight into animals’ perception of the world, which of the books should be recommended? A．The Shimmering State B．Dark and Magical Places C．Secret Worlds D．Once There Were Wolves 【答案】40．D 41．B 42．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要以书籍推荐的形式，分别介绍了四本不同类型的书籍，包括科幻小说、神经生物学科普书、动物感官科普书和生态主题小说，简要说明了每本书的作者、出版社、定价及核心内容。 【详解】40．推理判断题。根据《The Shimmering State》部分中的“Through interconnected relationships, the novel delves into some of the moral dilemmas of a technology that can catalog and edit consciousness.(这部小说通过人与人之间紧密相连的关系，深入探讨了一种能够记录并编辑人类意识的技术所引发的一些道德困境)”可推断，利用该技术编辑意识可能会带来一些道德层面的问题。故选D。 41．细节理解题。根据《Once There Were Wolves》部分中的“At first, the wolves seem to thrive, but when a farmer gets hurt, she suspects the man she loves.(起初，这些狼似乎适应得很好，但当一位农夫遭遇意外受伤后，她却怀疑上了自己深爱的男人)”可知，农夫受伤后，女主角并未怀疑是狼造成的，反而怀疑自己爱的人，由此可推断她不相信农夫是被狼所伤。故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据《Secret Worlds: The Extraordinary Senses of Animals》部分中的“Ecologist Martin Stevens catalogs animals’ sensory systems and how they exceed our own while informing and challenging our reality as humans.(生态学家马丁·史蒂文斯详细记载了动物的感官系统，以及这些系统如何超越人类的感官系统，同时为人类认知现实提供新的视角，也对人类既有的认知提出挑战)”和“Secret Worlds is filled with lessons on how different species evolved to perceive the world.(《神秘世界》一书详细阐述了不同物种如何进化出感知世界的能力)”可知，这两句话明确说明该书围绕动物的感官系统展开，讲解了不同动物感知世界的方式，恰好契合Bob想要了解动物对世界的感知这一需求。故选C。 (C) More organisations are planning missions to the Moon in the coming years. Scientists warn, however, that this renewed rush to explore could damage some of the Moon’s most valuable scientific areas before they are properly studied. Researchers Dr Alanna Krolikowski and Martin Elvis argue that these “sites of extraordinary scientific importance” should be protected now, before irreversible harm occurs. A few areas in particular stand out. The first is the far side of the Moon, which always points away from Earth. “It’s probably the best place for radio astronomy in the Solar System because it’s protected from Earth’s artificial radio noise,” says Prof Ian Crawford, from University of London, who has also argued for careful management of our activities on the Moon. A radio telescope positioned on the far side of the Moon could help astronomers explore the dark ages — the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang, before the first stars and galaxies (星系) had fully formed. The telescope would be able to pick up those long radio waves that are reflected by Earth’s atmosphere and therefore impossible to study from the ground. “This means spacecraft operating on the far side will need to minimise radio transmissions (发射) and have their electronics well shielded,” says Crawford. The other areas of concern are the lunar poles. They are home to particularly cold and shadowy regions that sunlight never reaches. These regions trap chemicals (known as volatiles) that would normally break down and escape into space: chemicals that arrived by asteroid and comet impacts (小行星和彗星撞击) billions of years ago. As such, they provide us with an unparalleled snapshot into the history of the Solar System. The trouble is that one of those volatiles is water ice, a highly valuable resource for future human missions in space. The ice can be melted for water to drink and clean with, but also split into hydrogen for rocket fuel and oxygen for breathing. About half of all upcoming Moon missions are heading to the lunar poles for this reason. “The key priority is to prevent rocket gases and large amounts of dust from polluting the substances trapped in these permanently dark regions,” says Crawford. “It’s important that such pollution doesn’t occur before we’ve had a chance to examine these regions in their original states.” Further exploration of the Moon is inevitable, but we only have one chance to preserve its unique habitats and hidden secrets. 43．According to the passage, why is the far side of the Moon suitable for radio astronomy? A．It contains substances formed during the dark ages. B．It is largely free from radio signals produced on Earth. C．Its atmosphere reflects long radio waves back into space. D．Its physical features allow big telescopes to be built there. 44．Why does the lunar poles present a challenge for future exploration? A．Spacecraft activity may impact radio research. B．Its water ice is difficult for humans to use safely. C．Exploration may damage areas scientists hope to study. D．Ancient chemicals in the region are disappearing quickly. 45．Which of the following would Crawford most likely agree with? A．Radio astronomy should take priority over water-ice research. B．Lunar resources should mainly support future human settlements. C．Lunar exploration should continue with careful scientific protection. D．Scientists should avoid exploring regions that haven’t been polluted. 46．What is the passage mainly intended to do? A．To explain how future Moon missions will affect space travel. B．To describe the scientific value of the Moon’s hidden regions. C．To suggest ways to reduce the potential harm done by lunar research. D．To warn that important lunar areas could be damaged by exploration. 【答案】43．B 44．C 45．C 46．D 【导语】文章主要讲述月球探测热潮可能破坏其珍贵科研区域，呼吁在探索前优先保护独特地质与历史资源。 【详解】43．细节理解题。根据第二段““It’s probably the best place for radio astronomy in the Solar System because it’s protected from Earth’s artificial radio noise,” says Prof Ian Crawford, from University of London, who has also argued for careful management of our activities on the Moon.(伦敦大学的伊恩·克劳福德教授（他也主张谨慎管理我们在月球上的活动）表示：“这可能是太阳系中进行射电天文学研究的最佳地点，因为它免受地球人造无线电噪声的干扰。”)”可知，月球背面远离地球，能屏蔽地球产生的无线电信号，适合射电观测。 44．细节理解题。根据第四段“These regions trap chemicals (known as volatiles) that would normally break down and escape into space: chemicals that arrived by asteroid and comet impacts (小行星和彗星撞击) billions of years ago. As such, they provide us with an unparalleled snapshot into the history of the Solar System. The trouble is that one of those volatiles is water ice, a highly valuable resource for future human missions in space.(这些区域捕获了被称为挥发性物质的化学成分——这些物质若处于常态通常会分解并逃逸至太空，它们是数十亿年前经由小行星和彗星撞击抵达月球的。正因如此，它们为我们提供了一扇了解太阳系历史的绝佳窗口。问题在于，其中一种挥发性物质便是水冰，这对未来的载人太空任务而言是极具价值的资源)”及第五段“About half of all upcoming Moon missions are heading to the lunar poles for this reason.(约一半即将进行的月球任务因此前往月球两极)”可知，月球两极既有科研价值（古老化学物质），又有资源价值（水冰），探索活动可能破坏待研究的区域。 45．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““The key priority is to prevent rocket gases and large amounts of dust from polluting the substances trapped in these permanently dark regions,” says Crawford. “It’s important that such pollution doesn’t occur before we’ve had a chance to examine these regions in their original states.”(克劳福德表示：“首要任务是防止火箭气体和大量尘埃污染这些永久黑暗区域捕获的物质。在我们尚未有机会以原始状态研究这些区域前，此类污染绝不能发生”)”可知，克劳福德主张在月球探索中需谨慎保护科学区域。 46．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists warn, however, that this renewed rush to explore could damage some of the Moon’s most valuable scientific areas before they are properly studied.(然而，科学家警告称，这股新的探索热潮可能在月球最珍贵的科研区域被充分研究前就对其造成破坏)”及最后一段“Further exploration of the Moon is inevitable, but we only have one chance to preserve its unique habitats and hidden secrets.(月球的进一步探索是不可避免的，但我们只有一次机会来保护其独特的栖息地和隐藏的秘密)”可知，文章核心是警告月球重要区域可能因探索受损。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Back to the Drawing Board The traditional approach to finding habitable(可居住的)planets outside our solar system has been to look for Earth-like planets in a star’s “Goldilocks zone,” where it’s not too hot or too cold for liquid water. 47 . In other words, the conditions for life may be more complex and varied than previously thought. Astrophysicists now believe that in addition to the right temperature range, several other factors are critical in determining whether a planet can support life. These include the planet’s mass, atmospheric composition, and its magnetic field, which can protect the planet from harmful radiation. Furthermore, the planet’s orbital dynamics play significant roles in stabilizing its climate over long periods. Recent studies have shown that some planets might exhibit what scientists call “fractional habitability.” 48 Instead, areas or periods that can support life might be enough, similar to how life on Earth exists in various environments like deep oceans and deserts. For instance, a planet orbiting a red dwarf star — common but faint stars in our galaxy — might experience intense tidal heating due to its closeness to its star. This tidal heating could prevent the planet’s surface from freezing entirely, creating potential underwater or underground habitats, despite the star’s weak solar output. Additionally, the volcanic activity stimulated by tidal forces could release gases essential for an atmosphere capable of supporting life. 49 Such planets might be mostly unfriendly to life for part of their orbit but could offer brief windows where conditions are perfect for life. This kind of habitability challenges our Earth-centric view of life’s requirements and suggests that even planets in the chaotic orbits of binary star systems(双星系统)might occasionally host life-giving conditions. As the search for extraterrestrial life continues, these new models help scientists prioritize targets for further investigation. 50 This brings us closer to understanding the true nature of habitability and perhaps eventual finding life beyond Earth. A．This concept suggests that a planet does not need to be fully habitable across its entire surface all the time to support life. B．Even Earth is not 100 per cent habitable by the standard liquid-water definition. C．Another possibility involves planets with irregular orbits, leading to extreme seasonal changes. D．It sounds like a simple enough wish list, but finding a planet that fulfils all of these criteria has kept astronomers busy for decades. E．However, recent advancements in astronomy have expanded our understanding of planetary habitability. F．With each discovery, we learn more about the vast diversity of planetary environments. 【答案】47．E 48．A 49．C 50．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家在寻找太阳系外宜居行星时，已不再局限于传统的“类地行星+宜居带”模式。随着天文学的发展，研究者认识到行星的宜居性受多种因素影响，如质量、大气成分、磁场和轨道动力学等。文章指出，部分行星可能具有“局部宜居性”或因特殊轨道条件而短暂具备生命支持能力，这拓宽了人类对生命存在条件的认知。 【详解】47．根据上文“The traditional approach to finding habitable(可居住的)planets outside our solar system has been to look for Earth-like planets in a star’s “Goldilocks zone,” where it’s not too hot or too cold for liquid water(寻找太阳系外宜居行星的传统方法是在恒星的“宜居带”内寻找类地行星，那里的温度既不太热也不太冷，适合液态水存在)”以及下文提到“the conditions for life may be more complex and varied than previously thought(生命存在的条件可能比以前认为的更复杂和多样)”可知，上下文为转折关系，可以推断出此处需要一个转折句，引出当前对宜居性认知的更新。E项“However, recent advancements in astronomy have expanded our understanding of planetary habitability(然而，近年来天文学的进步拓展了我们对行星宜居性的理解)”正好起到承上启下的作用，与上下文逻辑一致，故选E项。 48．根据上文“Recent studies have shown that some planets might exhibit what scientists call “fractional habitability.”(最近的研究表明，一些行星可能表现出科学家所说的“局部宜居性”)”可知，上文提到了“fractional habitability”这个概念，可推理出下文应解释“fractional habitability”的具体含义。A项“This concept suggests that a planet does not need to be fully habitable across its entire surface all the time to support life.(这一概念表明，一颗行星并不需要在其整个表面始终具备宜居性才能支持生命)”正是对“fractional habitability”的定义和解释，且与后文“areas or periods that can support life might be enough(能够支持生命的区域或时期就足够了)”相呼应，故选A项。 49．根据下文“Such planets might be mostly unfriendly to life for part of their orbit but could offer brief windows where conditions are perfect for life(这些行星在其轨道的某些部分可能大部分时间都不适合生命存在，但可能会提供短暂的适宜生命存在的窗口期)”中的“such planets”可推理出上文应提到一类具有不规则轨道或极端季节变化的行星。C项“Another possibility involves planets with irregular orbits, leading to extreme seasonal changes(另一种可能性涉及轨道不规则的行星，导致极端的季节变化)”正好引出下文所述的轨道变化带来的短暂宜居窗口，逻辑衔接紧密，故选C项。 50．根据上文“As the search for extraterrestrial life continues, these new models help scientists prioritize targets for further investigation.(随着地外生命搜索的继续，这些新模型帮助科学家优先确定进一步研究的目标)”以及下文“This brings us closer to understanding the true nature of habitability and perhaps eventual finding life beyond Earth.(这让我们更接近理解宜居性的本质，或许最终能找到地球之外的生命)”可知，空格处需体现“研究发现”带来的进展。F项 “With each discovery, we learn more about the vast diversity of planetary environments.(每一次发现，我们都能更多地了解行星环境的巨大多样性)”既承接上文“优先研究目标”后的“发现”，又通过“了解多样性”，为下文“接近理解宜居性本质”铺垫，逻辑连贯，故选F项。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Take flu outbreaks far more seriously The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to combat the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an ever deadlier pandemic flu that most experts agree will come in the future. People suffer and die needlessly. In the U.S. alone, seasonal flu can cause up to 36 million infections, three quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56,000 deaths. We are not taking the time and investing the resources needed to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communities. Why not? We haven’t been hit by a truly devastating pandemic in a long time. So as individuals, we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us. Since 2003 the federal government has cut per capita funding by 60% for the U.S. Public Health Emergency Preparedness program. This has contributed to the loss of more than 45,700 jobs at state and local health departments since 2008. Why do we as a nation continue to leave ourselves vulnerable? The simple answer lies in our collective complacency. As soon as headlines about the flu are gone, hospitals are emptied of flu patients, schools are back in session and workplace absenteeism declines, we go back to business as usual. At the personal level, you can learn the essentials of reducing flu transmission in your family and local community. You can make sure that everyone in your family receives the flu shot. And you can reach out to your congressional representatives to encourage them to support funding that strengthens local, state and national pandemic-preparedness programs. Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Not taking flu seriously makes it hard for us to deal with the risk of a deadly flu. The absence of a pandemic flu leads to inadequate preparedness. What’s more, people’s satisfaction with current situation leaves us vulnerable. We should learn about flu transmission, persuade our family to get flu shots and urge the government to support preparedness programs. 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了人们对流感的忽视以及对疫情准备不足，使他们容易受到流感的威胁。因此，我们应当了解流感的传播方式，接种疫苗，并呼吁政府为流感预防项目提供支持。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to combat the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an ever deadlier pandemic flu that most experts agree will come in the future. ②Why not? We haven't been hit by a truly devastating pandemic in a long time. ③Why do we as a nation continue to leave ourselves vulnerable? ④At the personal level, you can learn the essentials of reducing flu transmission in your family and local community. ⑤You can make sure that everyone in your family receives the flu shot. 2.缜密构思将第1、2点整合为问题描述，第3、4整合为两种具体策略，第5点作为结果和总结。 3.遣词造句 Ignoring the issue of influenza will make it difficult for us to deal with the threat of a deadly flu. What’s more, people’s satisfaction with the current situation leaves vulnerable. We should learn about flu transmission, persuade our family to get flu shots and urge the government to support preparedness programs. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Not taking flu seriously make it hard for us to deal with the risk of a deadly flu.（运用了动名词短语作主语，以及it作形式宾语，动词不定式to do作真正宾语的固定句型） [高分句型2] We should learn about flu transmission, persuade our family to get flu shots and urge the government to support preparedness programs.（运用了and连接的并列谓语动词的并列句型） IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．无糖口香糖有助于减少口腔疾病。(contribute)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Sugarless chewing gum contributes to reducing oral diseases. 【详解】“无糖口香糖”表达为sugarless chewing gum，作主语，“有助于”为contribute to，to是介词，作谓语动词，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，使用第三人称单数形式，“减少”为 reduce，使用动名词，作介词to的宾语，“口腔疾病”为oral diseases，作reducing的宾语。 53．你认为获得高中毕业证书需要些什么? (take) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What do you think it takes to earn/get a high school diploma? 【详解】“你认为”表达为what do you think，作插入语置于句首；“获得”表达为动词earn或get；“高中毕业证书”表达为名词短语a high school diploma，作earn/get的宾语；“需要”表达为动词take，作谓语动词，结合“你认为”以及句意可知，此句询问一般情况，用一般现在时；“需要些什么”表达为what does it take，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语to earn/get a high school diploma；“你认为获得高中毕业证书需要些什么”表达为What do you think it takes to earn/get a high school diploma?，其中what do you think为插入语，it takes为谓语部分，to earn/get a high school diploma为不定式短语作真正主语。 54．不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether you choose a wooden sofa or a leather one, make sure the sofa is huge enough to accommodate the eight of us. 【详解】“不管……还是……”使用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，“选择”为choose，“实木沙发”为wooden sofa，“皮革沙发”为leather one，表泛指，加不定冠词，“一定要确保”为make sure，使用祈使句型，“足够大”为be huge enough，“能坐得下我们八个人”为accommodate the eight of us，enough后常接动词不定式，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。 55．食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Diners all compliment the baker on his exceptional skill, as the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks just melt in the mouth, filling them with happiness. 【详解】“食客们”用diners作主语，“夸赞某人……”用短语compliment sb. on sth.，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语compliment用原形，“他的高超技艺”用his exceptional skill，“软糯香甜的点心入口即化”可处理为as引导的时间状语从句，“软糯香甜的点心”用the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks作主语，“融化”用melt作从句谓语，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形，“在嘴里”用in the mouth作状语，“给人满满的幸福感”用fill them with happiness，此处处理为现在分词filling...作状语。 V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，看到学校英文报上的 TROUBLESHOOTER (“排忧解难”) 专栏 Lynn 发的一封信，你通过该英文报回复 Lynn，给她提供建议，帮助她改变父母的想法。你的信必须包括： 1.你的建议； 2.你的理由。 Dear TROUBLESHOOTER, I’m a high school student who has a passion for photography. I’ve been saving up to buy my dream camera, but my parents insist that it’s a waste of time and money, and that I should focus entirely on my studies. They don’t understand why photography matters to me. How can I change their mind? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lynn 【答案】Dear Lynn,     I’m Li Ming, a Senior Three student from Mingqi High School. I’m writing to offer you some practical advice to help you persuade your parents.     First, you’d better have a calm and sincere talk with your parents. You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. It can broaden your horizons, cultivate your patience and enrich your spare time. Besides, promise them that you will arrange your time properly and never let your hobby affect your schoolwork. Good academic performance is the best way to remove their worries.     What’s more, you can share your photographic works with them, letting them feel your true love for this hobby.     I believe that your parents will finally understand and support you. Yours, Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学高三学生李明的身份，在学校英文报专栏回信给 Lynn，针对她想买相机却遭到父母反对的问题给出合理建议并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 说服：persuade → convince 开阔眼界：broaden one’s horizons → expand one’s outlook 培养：cultivate → foster 消除：remove → get rid of 2. 句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. 拓展句：It is advisable for you to explain that photography is not a waste of time. 【点睛】【高分句型1】You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. (运用that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】What’s more, you can share your photographic works with them, letting them feel your true love for this hobby. (运用现在分词作结果状语) 2 / 21 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考一轮复习调研检测卷03（上海卷） 英语·参考答案 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) 【答案】 1．to inspire 2．If 3．where 4．have shared/shared 5．an 6．drawn 7．is organized/will be organized 8．what 9．from 10．starting Section B (10分) 【答案】 11．F 12．A 13．B 14．I 15．C 16．H 17．J 18．K 19．E 20．D II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) 【答案】 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．D Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．B 39．B (B) 【答案】40．D 41．B 42．C (C) 【答案】43．B 44．C 45．C 46．D Section C (8分) 【答案】47．E 48．A 49．C 50．F III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. 【答案】参考范文： Not taking flu seriously makes it hard for us to deal with the risk of a deadly flu. The absence of a pandemic flu leads to inadequate preparedness. What’s more, people’s satisfaction with current situation leaves us vulnerable. We should learn about flu transmission, persuade our family to get flu shots and urge the government to support preparedness programs. IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52． 【答案】Sugarless chewing gum contributes to reducing oral diseases. 53． 【答案】What do you think it takes to earn/get a high school diploma? 54． 【答案】Whether you choose a wooden sofa or a leather one, make sure the sofa is huge enough to accommodate the eight of us. 55． 【答案】Diners all compliment the baker on his exceptional skill, as the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks just melt in the mouth, filling them with happiness. V. Guided Writing (25分) 【答案】Dear Lynn,     I’m Li Ming, a Senior Three student from Mingqi High School. I’m writing to offer you some practical advice to help you persuade your parents.     First, you’d better have a calm and sincere talk with your parents. You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. It can broaden your horizons, cultivate your patience and enrich your spare time. Besides, promise them that you will arrange your time properly and never let your hobby affect your schoolwork. Good academic performance is the best way to remove their worries.     What’s more, you can share your photographic works with them, letting them feel your true love for this hobby.     I believe that your parents will finally understand and support you. Yours, Li Ming 2 / 21 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $