2027年高考英语一轮复习调研检测卷01（上海卷）

**基本信息** 试卷以森林疗愈、重返月球等时代性情境为载体，融合基础语法与跨文化阅读，通过实用写作与思辨任务，实现语言能力与思维品质的协同培养，适配高考一轮复习的巩固与提升需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法词汇|20分|动词时态、连词运用、词汇辨析|Section A以韩国森林疗愈为情境，考查语法应用；Section B结合月球探索科技素材，强化词汇语境化运用| |阅读理解|45分|细节理解、推理判断、篇章结构|涵盖消费心理学（折扣策略）、社会群体理论等跨学科内容，（A）篇通过诗歌促进人际理解，渗透文化意识| |写作（概要+翻译+应用文）|50分|信息整合、汉英转换、观点表达|概要写作聚焦春季露营安全，翻译涉及骆驼适应、AI与就业等多元主题，应用文围绕美育问题，提升批判性思维与表达能力|

2027年高考一轮复习调研检测卷01（上海卷） 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸 上， 做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Every weekend, after hiking in the Saneum Healing Forest east of Seoul, the firefighters sip tea and enjoy an arm massage. The aim of the program is 1 (offer) “forest healing”; the firefighters all have certain types of stress disorder. Saneum is one of three official healing forests in South Korea, which offer a range of programs from meditation to woodcraft to camping. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans, many of whom suffer from work stress, digital addiction, and intense academic pressures, 2 (welcome) the medicalization of nature with great enthusiasm. In fact, the government is investing a hundred million dollars 3 a healing complex next to Sobaeksan National park. There is increasing evidence 4 being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But what is frustrating is that fewer and fewer of us actually enjoy nature regularly. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at Canada’s Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring at a time 5 we are most disconnected from it. The pressures of modern life lead to long hours spent working indoors. Digital addiction and strong academic pressure add to the problem. In America, visits to parks have been declining since the dawn of email, and so 6 visits to the backyard. Research indicates that only about 10 percent of American teens spend time outside every day. So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to? 7 (surround) by nature has one obvious effect: the more time we spend in nature, the 8 (stressful) we become. This has been shown to lower blood pressure, heart rates, and levels of the stress hormone, as well as reduce feelings of fear or anger. But studies also indicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an 9 (improve) sense of well-being; it can lower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably 10 we evolved in nature and have been adapted to the natural environment. Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．amateur    B．bathed    C． bouncing    D．crawl E. defining    F. further    G. intervening    H. literally I. livestream    J. missions    K. undisturbed Going Back to the Moon On 17 January, after years of delays, the towering SLS rocket that will carry the first astronauts to the Moon in over half a century finally rolled out of the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center. The Artemis vehicle, 11 in early morning sunshine, headed for its launch pad. More delays and a roll back to the assembly building for repairs came later, but for me this was a 12 moment. I sat in front of my television for hours with my cat draped across my lap, watching NASA’s 13 of the rocket’s progress to the pad. The cat was totally unimpressed, and I know that for those who, like her, are not ‘into space’, watching a rocket’s oh-so-slow 14 to its destination was probably about as stimulating as watching a tortoise watching paint dry. But I was deeply moved. Why? Because I’ve waited 15 decades to see that rocket heading for its pad. I wasn’t even born when Apollo 8 rounded the Moon, and I was just starting school when the later Apollo 16 reached the Moon, and have vivid memories of the whole school sitting on the hard, cold floor in front of The School Television. It was watching the grainy footage of those astronauts 17 about on that TV screen that first lit the pilot light of my fascination with space. When Apollo 17 left the Moon, I was sad — but excited too. After all, everyone was saying we’d be back soon and that nuclear-powered spaceships would be carrying astronauts to Mars in 1982, by which time I’d be a teenager. But that future never happened. After Apollo 17, we abandoned the Moon, leaving the flags and footprints of the Apollo heroes 18 for decades. I grew up to become a(n) 19 astronomer and science writer, covering one cancelled lunar exploration programme after another. As I wrote article after article telling kids how astronauts could be back on the Moon “soon”, I felt the return to the Moon getting 20 away, not closer as it was supposed to. But watching that SLS rolling to its pad, I was able to really believe that it won’t be long before I’ll finally be able to go out into my yard, look up at the Moon shining above and say, “There are people flying around that …” II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Psychology of Discounting When retailers want to persuade customers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the Journal of Marketing, however, they are 21 a trick. A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management, 22 consumers’ attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are poor at fractions (分数). Consumers often struggle to realize, 23 , that a 50% increase in 24 is the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly 25 the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand cream when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an 26 discount (even after all other effects, such as a desire to stockpile were controlled for). This mathematical blind spot remains even when the deal clearly 27 the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr. Rao offered two 28 on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% off the price. The discount is by far the better proposition, but the supposedly clever students viewed them as equivalent. Studies have shown other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers’ mathematical 29 . One is to confuse them with 30 discounting. People are more likely to see a(n) 31 in a product that has been reduced by 20% in price, and then by an additional 25%, than one that has been subject to an equivalent, one-off 40% reduction. Marketing types can draw lessons beyond just 32 , says Mr. Rao. When advertising a new car’s efficiency, for example, it is more 33 to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage 34 in fuel consumption. There may be lessons for regulators too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily foxed. Sending everyone back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question. But more noticeably displayed 35 prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help. 21．A．missing B．learning C．playing D．trying 22．A．communicated with B．looked at C．relied on D．engaged in 23．A．by contrast B．after all C．for example D．as usual 24．A．quantity B．catalogue C．quality D．variety 25．A．indicate B．assume C．oppose D．confess 26．A．attractive B．adequate C．essential D．equivalent 27．A．blows B．favours C．enforces D．initiates 28．A．deals B．discounts C．situations D．decisions 29．A．inaccessibility B．failure C．illiteracy D．dependence 30．A．substantial B．double C．special D．accurate 31．A．innovation B．price C．bargain D．quality 32．A．commercializing B．pricing C．advertising D．retailing 33．A．fundamental B．aggressive C．logical D．convincing 34．A．fall B．usage C．volume D．increase 35．A．retail B．unit C．purchase D．bargain Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） For the past four years, I have run Poem Store, a public project where I trade poems typed on a manual typewriter for donations. Most of my work has taken place in Arcata, a small Northern California town that welcomed me so warmly people called me its unofficial town poet. I loved that place. There I wandered through ancient forests, walked the edge of the continent, and knelt beside clear, cold rivers. Yet I also learned another language there — the language of land and ownership. Trees were managed as crops, while protesters sometimes lived high in the branches, trying to save them. I wanted to understand both sides. That wish led me to Neal Ewald of Green Diamond Resource Company, a company often criticized for its logging practices. One day at the market, Neal asked me to write a poem about being underwater. I wrote: “With the weight of water around us, we look up and know all the force of the world lies deep in such an unknown place.” The poem touched him. Soon after, he mailed me a book of letters written by his wife during the final months of her life. He asked me to write another poem, one that he and his children could read when they missed her. He wanted no borrowed song, no famous lines — only words shaped for her life and her memory. I read the letters carefully and wrote Wendy’s poem. When I gave it to Neal, our connection deepened. Out of shared sorrow grew an unlikely friendship. We had dinners, started a book club, and walked together in the woods. We spoke of grief, love, protest, business, and the future of the forests. Neal often returned to one word: yes. He believed even opponents should search for the place where conversation could begin. Later, a young protester named Farmer, who had been living secretly in the trees, agreed to meet Neal. They disagreed on almost everything, yet they chose to listen. In time, the McKay Tract, home to old-growth redwoods, was spared, and much of it moved toward becoming a community forest. I still trace that change back to a pair of poems — one about deep water, one about love that outlived loss. Together, they became a small spark that proved how quietly one human connection can light the dark. 36．Why did the author want to connect with Neal at first? A．To ask Neal to support the Poem Store project. B．To invite Neal to join local environmental protests. C．To better understand opposing views on the forests. D．To learn how to manage a successful wood company. 37．What was Neal’s requirement for the second poem? A．It had to teach the public about forests. B．It had to be written especially for his wife. C．It had to be related to underwater experience. D．It had to be chosen first by his children together. 38．What happened to the McKay Tract after Neal and Farmer began to listen to each other? A．It was protected for local public use. B．It was sold to Farmer and his supporters. C．It was closed to become a redwood reserve. D．It was cut down under a new community plan. 39．What is the passage mainly about? A．How poetry helped bring people together. B．Why poetry could not ease personal grief. C．How poetry made a town famous for its forests. D．Why poetry could not improve a company’s image. (B) Sending Mail Abroad What are you sending? Letters and postcards Letters and postcards to Europe can only be sent by Airmail — up to a maximum weight of 2kg. Airmail Our standard Airmail service for sending international mail to anywhere in the world quickly and cost effectively. How to use Stick our branded Airmail sticker — available free from Post Office branches — on your item of mail and post it in any post box or Post Office branch. Alternatively, you can simply write ‘BY AIRMAIL — PAR AVION’ in the front top left corner. Our Airmail delivery aims are:     Western Europe: 3 days following day of posting     Eastern Europe: 4 days following day of posting     Outside Europe: 5 days following day of postingAirmail prices Weight up to Europe World Zone 1 World Zone 2 Postcards £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 10g £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 20g £0.44 £0.72 £0.72 40g £0.64 £1.12 £1.19 60g £0.83 £1.51 £1.66 80g £1.02 £1.91 £2.14 100g £1.21 £2.31 £2.61 120g £1.41 £2.70 £3.08 140g £1.60 £3.10 £3.55 160g £1.79 £3.49 £4.02 Surface mail Our economical service for sending non-urgent international mail. How to use Surface items should be addressed as normal.     The name of the country in CAPITALS must come last. Our Surface mail delivery aims are:     Western Europe: 2 weeks following day of posting     Eastern Europe: 4 weeks following day of posting     Outside Europe: 8-12 weeks following day of postingSurface mail prices Weight up to Postcards Letters only to outside Europe 20g £0.42 £0.42 60g £0.72 £0.72 100g £1.02 £1.02 150g £1.43 £1.43 Where is it going? World Zone 1 World Zone 1 covers all countries not in either Europe or World Zone 2. World Zone 2 Australia Korea Philippines China New Zealand Japan 40．If you post a letter to France, which is located in Western Europe, on November 1st, it will arrive there ________. A．on November 4th B．on November 5th C．on November 15th D．on November 29th 41．If you post a letter, weighing 110g, to the United States by airmail, you need to pay ________. A．£2.31 B．£2.61 C．£2.70 D．£3.08 42．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．The cost of sending a postcard to Japan by airmail is £0.42. B．You can choose to send a letter to Germany by surface mail. C．You must use the branded Airmail sticker to send a letter by airmail. D．A postcard sent to Egypt by surface mail may take 9 weeks to arrive. (C) Types of Social Groups Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction -- and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links focused when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with, instead of against, competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance. Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups: we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups ; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions. A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face - to - face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests. Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society’s cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity. Primary groups, then serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them. 43．According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true of a relationship? A．It is a structure of associations with many people. B．It should be studied in the course of social interaction. C．It places great demands on people. D．It develops gradually over time. 44．Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 4 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships? A．Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships. B．A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship. C．Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society. D．Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships. 45．The phrase “size up” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”. A．enlarge B．evaluate C．impress D．accept 46．This passage is developed primarily by ________. A．drawing comparisons between theory and practice B．presenting two opposing theories C．defining important concepts D．discussing causes and their effects Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Flower power Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. 47 Calvo is a professor of the philosophy of science in the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Murcia, Spain. Although he presents detailed scientific evidence to support his case, he also draws on philosophical arguments about the nature of consciousness. We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. 48    Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. 49 In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bell jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. 50 The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.” These are revolutionary ideas and as Calvo admits, contested by many scientists who study the physiology of plants. But he guides us through the latest research and builds a compelling case that, unlikely as it may seem, deserves to be taken seriously. Although plants lack our grey matter, he believes they have a unique “green matter”. In the absence of nerves, plants use networked cells to regulate themselves. A．He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized (麻醉). B．Fundamentally, this book is about changing our perception of plants. C．They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. D．He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. E．These movements of plants are in fact “behavior”, and observing behavior is the route to understanding intelligence. F．The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Choose the Right Campsite in Spring Spring is a magical time for camping. The world awakens with fresh greenery and vibrant wildlife, offering a unique escape from the daily grind. However, spring weather and terrain also present specific challenges. To ensure a safe and enjoyable trip, choosing the right campsite requires extra consideration. First and foremost, you must prioritize elevation and drainage. Spring is synonymous with melting snow and increased rainfall, which can turn a picturesque meadow into a mud pit or, worse, a flood zone. Therefore, always avoid low-lying areas, dry riverbeds, and the banks of streams or lakes. Water levels can rise rapidly without warning. Instead, look for elevated, well-drained ground. For example, a slight slope is ideal, as it allows water to run off, keeping your tent floor dry. Shelter from the elements is also critical. Spring weather is notoriously fickle, capable of shifting from warm sunshine to cold winds or sudden showers in minutes. When scouting a location, look for natural windbreaks such as dense groves of trees or large rock formations. These will shield you from biting winds. At the same time, practice your “look up” routine: inspect trees for “widowmakers” — dead branches that can be dislodged by spring storms — and avoid camping directly under them. Finally, consider the balance between sun and shade. In early spring, nights can still be bitterly cold. Choosing a spot that will receive the first rays of morning sunlight can help warm your tent quickly. Conversely, as the day warms up, some shade will keep your camp comfortable and prevent food from spoiling too quickly in the fluctuating temperatures. Selecting a campsite in spring is an exercise in preparation and observation. This careful selection allows you to fully immerse yourself in the season’s beauty — the budding leaves, the rushing streams, and the crisp, fresh air — making for an unforgettable spring adventure. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。（instinct）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________________ 53．故地重游，童年伙伴的欢声笑语依然在老街上回转悠扬。(echo) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54．倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动，那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险？(risk) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 55．拥有百年历史的大同中学坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 180-200 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你所在学校的英文校报正在征集关于 “美育(aesthetic education)”的投稿。你注意到，尽管学校开设了音乐、美术等课程，但很多同学对 “美” 的理解仍然停留在 “外在形式”“技能掌握” 或 “潮流时尚” 等层面，缺乏对优秀传统文化艺术（如书法、国画、古典音乐）的真正欣赏和感受能力。请就此话题写一篇稿件，内容包括： 1.简要描述当前中学生美育教育中存在的问题； 2.分析导致这一问题的原因； 3.提出改善美育现状的建议。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 22 1 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考一轮复习调研检测卷01（上海卷） 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸 上， 做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Every weekend, after hiking in the Saneum Healing Forest east of Seoul, the firefighters sip tea and enjoy an arm massage. The aim of the program is 1 (offer) “forest healing”; the firefighters all have certain types of stress disorder. Saneum is one of three official healing forests in South Korea, which offer a range of programs from meditation to woodcraft to camping. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans, many of whom suffer from work stress, digital addiction, and intense academic pressures, 2 (welcome) the medicalization of nature with great enthusiasm. In fact, the government is investing a hundred million dollars 3 a healing complex next to Sobaeksan National park. There is increasing evidence 4 being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But what is frustrating is that fewer and fewer of us actually enjoy nature regularly. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at Canada’s Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring at a time 5 we are most disconnected from it. The pressures of modern life lead to long hours spent working indoors. Digital addiction and strong academic pressure add to the problem. In America, visits to parks have been declining since the dawn of email, and so 6 visits to the backyard. Research indicates that only about 10 percent of American teens spend time outside every day. So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to? 7 (surround) by nature has one obvious effect: the more time we spend in nature, the 8 (stressful) we become. This has been shown to lower blood pressure, heart rates, and levels of the stress hormone, as well as reduce feelings of fear or anger. But studies also indicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an 9 (improve) sense of well-being; it can lower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably 10 we evolved in nature and have been adapted to the natural environment. 【答案】 1．to offer 2．have welcomed/welcome 3．in 4．that 5．when 6．have 7．Being surrounded 8．less stressful 9．improved 10．because 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了韩国的一个养身项目：亲近大自然。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个项目的目的是提供“森林治疗”。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作表语，由于主语是the aim，故用不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容，故填to offer。 2．考查动词时态。句意：许多饱受工作压力、网络成瘾和巨大的学习压力之苦的韩国人，他们以极大的热情欢迎将自然疗法。根据句意可知，此句讲的是现在韩国人欢迎这种方式，故可用一般现在时；若强调韩国人过去开始欢迎，截止到现在，故可用现在完成时，主语是“South Koreans”为复数，故谓语动词也是复数，故填have welcomed/welcome。 3．考查介词。句意：事实上，政府正在小白山国立公园附近投资1亿美元建设疗养设施。invest... in为固定搭配，意为“投资于......”，故填in。 4．考查名词性从句。句意：越来越多的证据表明，在户外一个宜人的自然环境对我们是有好处的。分析句子结构可知，此句为同位语从句，且从句中不缺成分，故填that。 5．考查定语从句。句意：加拿大特伦特大学心理学教授丽莎•尼斯贝特表示，在我们与大自然最隔绝的时候，大自然的益处正源源不断地涌现。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词为“ a time”，在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 6．考查倒装。句意：在美国，自从电子邮件出现以来，去公园的人越来越少，去后院的人也越来越少。根据句意可知，此处表示“后一句和前一句具有相同的情况”，故用“so+助动词+名词”的倒装结构，根据前句中的“have been declining ”可知，此处助动词为have，故填have。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意： 被大自然包围有一个明显的影响:我们在大自然中花的时间越多，我们的压力就越小。分析句子结构可知，此空为主语，故填动名词，“by nature”可知此处为动名词被动用法，故填Being surrounded。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：被大自然包围有一个明显的影响:我们在大自然中花的时间越多，我们的压力就越小。分析“ the more time we spend in nature”可知，此处表示“在大自然中花的时间越多，我们的压力就越小”，结构为“the+比较级...the +比较级”故填形容词的比较级，故填less stressful。 9．考查形容词。句意：但研究也表明，花时间在大自然中可以做的不仅仅是提高幸福感。分析句子结构可知，此处填写形容词作定语，与名词“ sense of well-being”之间为被动关系，故填improved。 10．考查表语从句。句意：这可能是因为我们在自然中进化，已经适应了自然环境。分析句子可知，本句为表语从句，此句为上文的原因，故填because。 Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．amateur    B．bathed    C． bouncing    D．crawl E. defining    F. further    G. intervening    H. literally I. livestream    J. missions    K. undisturbed Going Back to the Moon On 17 January, after years of delays, the towering SLS rocket that will carry the first astronauts to the Moon in over half a century finally rolled out of the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center. The Artemis vehicle, 11 in early morning sunshine, headed for its launch pad. More delays and a roll back to the assembly building for repairs came later, but for me this was a 12 moment. I sat in front of my television for hours with my cat draped across my lap, watching NASA’s 13 of the rocket’s progress to the pad. The cat was totally unimpressed, and I know that for those who, like her, are not ‘into space’, watching a rocket’s oh-so-slow 14 to its destination was probably about as stimulating as watching a tortoise watching paint dry. But I was deeply moved. Why? Because I’ve waited 15 decades to see that rocket heading for its pad. I wasn’t even born when Apollo 8 rounded the Moon, and I was just starting school when the later Apollo 16 reached the Moon, and have vivid memories of the whole school sitting on the hard, cold floor in front of The School Television. It was watching the grainy footage of those astronauts 17 about on that TV screen that first lit the pilot light of my fascination with space. When Apollo 17 left the Moon, I was sad — but excited too. After all, everyone was saying we’d be back soon and that nuclear-powered spaceships would be carrying astronauts to Mars in 1982, by which time I’d be a teenager. But that future never happened. After Apollo 17, we abandoned the Moon, leaving the flags and footprints of the Apollo heroes 18 for decades. I grew up to become a(n) 19 astronomer and science writer, covering one cancelled lunar exploration programme after another. As I wrote article after article telling kids how astronauts could be back on the Moon “soon”, I felt the return to the Moon getting 20 away, not closer as it was supposed to. But watching that SLS rolling to its pad, I was able to really believe that it won’t be long before I’ll finally be able to go out into my yard, look up at the Moon shining above and say, “There are people flying around that …” 【答案】 11．B 12．E 13．I 14．D 15．H 16．J 17．C 18．K 19．A 20．F 【导语】文章讲述了作者从童年受阿波罗任务启发而对太空产生迷恋，到经历数十年探月计划屡屡取消的失望，最终目睹此次火箭就位，对重返月球这一愿景重燃信心。 【详解】11．考查非谓语动词。句意：阿耳忒弥斯飞行器沐浴在清晨的阳光下，驶向发射台。句中已有谓语headed，空处应填非谓语动词。bathed为过去分词，与其逻辑主语The Artemis vehicle构成被动关系，且（be）bathed in为固定搭配，意为“沐浴在……之中”，此处用过去分词短语说明飞船行进时的被阳光照耀的状态。 12．考查形容词。句意：之后又经历了多次延误以及将火箭运回装配大楼进行维修，但对我来说，这是一个决定性时刻。空格后为名词moment，空处应填形容词作定语修饰moment。根据下文作者的情感描述及对童年太空记忆的回顾，可知这一刻对作者具有重要意义，defining为形容词，意为“起决定性作用的”，符合语境。 13．考查名词。句意：我坐在电视机前几个小时，猫趴在我腿上，观看NASA对火箭向发射台行进过程的直播。空格前的“NASA’s”为名词所有格，空处应填入名词，作现在分词watching的宾语。根据上文“sat in front of my television for hours”可知，作者坐在电视机前数小时，应是在观看直播，livestream为名词，意为“直播”。 14．考查名词。句意：猫完全不感兴趣，而且我知道，对于那些像它一样对太空不感冒的人来说，观看火箭慢吞吞地爬向目的地，其刺激程度大概堪比观看一只乌龟看油漆变干。空格前有名词所有格“a rocket’s”，空处应填入名词，作动名词watching的宾语。根据句意，描述火箭向目的地“缓慢移动”的过程，应用名词crawl，意为“缓慢行进、爬行”，与后文 tortoise呼应，形容火箭挪动速度极慢。 15．考查副词。句意：因为我足足等了几十年，才亲眼见到那枚火箭驶向发射台。此处literally为副词，起强调作用，意为“确实地、实实在在”，修饰谓语动词have waited，突出等待的时间极其漫长，表达作者长久期盼后的强烈感慨。 16．考查名词。句意：阿波罗8号绕月飞行那年，我甚至还未出世；后续阿波罗系列登月任务实施时，我才刚入学。至今我仍清晰记得，全校师生挤在学校电视机前，坐在冰凉坚硬的地板上观看直播的画面。空处应填名词作主语，Apollo仅为任务代号，后面应加具体名词，且根据常识，阿波罗8号之后，美国有一系列绕月和登月的任务，空处应填missions，为名词复数形式，表达“多项任务”之意。 17．考查动词。句意：正是电视屏幕上那些宇航员蹦蹦跳跳的模糊画面，第一次点燃了我对太空的迷恋。空处位于介词of之后，应填入动名词作介词宾语，且能与空前的those astronauts构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表明those astronauts所做的动作是“蹦蹦跳跳”，符合描述宇航员在月球上低重力环境下行走时的弹跳姿态。 18．考查形容词。句意：阿波罗17号任务结束后，我们就此搁置了登月探索，将阿波罗英雄们的旗帜和脚印数十年无人打扰地留在那里。空前leaving为现在分词，the flags and footprints of the Apollo heroes为leaving的宾语，空处应填形容词作宾语补足语，描述旗帜和脚印处于“未被干扰”的状态。undisturbed为形容词作宾补，意为“未被惊扰的”，符合句意。 19．考查形容词。句意：我长大后成为了一名业余天文学家和科普作家，接连报道了一项又一项中途夭折的探月计划。空后为名词astronomer，空处应填形容词作定语。amateur为形容词，意为“业余的”，与后文“covering one cancelled lunar exploration programme after another”所体现的专业写作工作形成对比，符合语境。 20．考查副词。句意：我一篇又一篇撰文，向孩子们讲述宇航员“很快”就能重返月球，可我却感到重返月球变得越来越遥远，而不是像预期的那样越来越近。后文“not closer as it was”与空前内容形成对比，空处填入副词further表示程度，getting further away意为“越来越远”，further与后文的closer形成对照。 II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Psychology of Discounting When retailers want to persuade customers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the Journal of Marketing, however, they are 21 a trick. A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management, 22 consumers’ attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are poor at fractions (分数). Consumers often struggle to realize, 23 , that a 50% increase in 24 is the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly 25 the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand cream when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an 26 discount (even after all other effects, such as a desire to stockpile were controlled for). This mathematical blind spot remains even when the deal clearly 27 the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr. Rao offered two 28 on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% off the price. The discount is by far the better proposition, but the supposedly clever students viewed them as equivalent. Studies have shown other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers’ mathematical 29 . One is to confuse them with 30 discounting. People are more likely to see a(n) 31 in a product that has been reduced by 20% in price, and then by an additional 25%, than one that has been subject to an equivalent, one-off 40% reduction. Marketing types can draw lessons beyond just 32 , says Mr. Rao. When advertising a new car’s efficiency, for example, it is more 33 to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage 34 in fuel consumption. There may be lessons for regulators too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily foxed. Sending everyone back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question. But more noticeably displayed 35 prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help. 21．A．missing B．learning C．playing D．trying 22．A．communicated with B．looked at C．relied on D．engaged in 23．A．by contrast B．after all C．for example D．as usual 24．A．quantity B．catalogue C．quality D．variety 25．A．indicate B．assume C．oppose D．confess 26．A．attractive B．adequate C．essential D．equivalent 27．A．blows B．favours C．enforces D．initiates 28．A．deals B．discounts C．situations D．decisions 29．A．inaccessibility B．failure C．illiteracy D．dependence 30．A．substantial B．double C．special D．accurate 31．A．innovation B．price C．bargain D．quality 32．A．commercializing B．pricing C．advertising D．retailing 33．A．fundamental B．aggressive C．logical D．convincing 34．A．fall B．usage C．volume D．increase 35．A．retail B．unit C．purchase D．bargain 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于消费者购物心理的研究，研究发现相较于直接打折，消费者更偏爱赠品活动，原因是多数人不擅长计算分数。商家还会利用人们的数学短板采用叠加折扣等方式营销，文章也据此给营销人员和市场监管方提出了相关建议。 【详解】21．考查动词。句意：然而，一项即将发表在《营销杂志》上的新研究表明，他们正在错失一个技巧。A. missing错失；B. learning学习；C. playing玩耍；D. trying尝试。根据后文“Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper.”可知，消费者更喜欢免费赠品而非降价促销，商家只使用打折方式，没能用好营销技巧。 22．考查动词短语。句意：明尼苏达大学卡尔森管理学院的阿克沙伊・拉奥带领一组研究人员研究了消费者对于打折促销的态度。A. communicated with与……交流；B. looked at研究、看待；C. relied on依靠；D. engaged in参与。根据后文“Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper.”可知，团队开展研究并得出了相关结论。 23．考查短语。句意：例如，消费者往往难以意识到，商品数量增加 50% 和价格降价 33% 其实是一回事。A. by contrast相比之下；B. after all毕竟；C. for example例如；D. as usual像往常一样。根据前文“The main reason is that most people are poor at fractions. (分数)” 可知，此处针对人们不擅长分数计算这一情况举例说明。 24．考查名词。句意同上。A. quantity数量；B. catalogue目录；C. quality质量；D. variety种类。根据前文“much prefer getting something extra free”可知，这里指商品免费加量的促销形式。 25．考查动词。句意：绝大多数人认为前者更划算。A. indicate表明；B. assume认为、假定；C. oppose反对；D. confess承认。根据前文“Consumers often struggle to realize, ____ that a 50% increase in ____ is the same as a 33% discount in price.”可知，消费者无法分清两种优惠力度，主观认定加量的方式更好。 26．考查形容词。句意：在一项实验中，这款护手霜推出加量装后的销量比同等力度打折时高出 73%。A. attractive吸引人的；B. adequate充足的；C. essential必要的；D. equivalent同等的。根据前文“a 50% increase in ____ is the same as a 33% discount in price” 可知，两种优惠方式的力度是完全相等的。 27．考查动词。句意：即便打折商品的优惠力度明显更占优势，人们的这种数学盲区依然存在。A. blows吹；B. favours有利于、偏爱；C. enforces执行；D. initiates发起。根据后文“The discount is by far the better proposition”可知，在本次实验中，打折的优惠力度明显更大。 28．考查名词。句意：拉奥先生针对他的本科生做了另一项实验，推出两款咖啡豆优惠活动：免费加量 33% 或是降价 33%。A. deals优惠活动；B. discounts折扣；C. situations情况；D. decisions决定。根据后文“33% extra free or 33% off the price”可知，文中介绍了两种不同的促销优惠活动。 29．考查名词。句意：研究表明，商家还有其他方式利用消费者的数学短板。A. inaccessibility难以接近；B. failure失败；C. illiteracy知识匮乏；D. dependence依赖。根据前文“This mathematical blind spot remains”可知，消费者普遍存在计算盲区，数学知识有所欠缺。 30．考查形容词。句意：其中一种方式就是利用双重折扣迷惑消费者。A. substantial大量的；B. double双重的；C. special特殊的；D. accurate准确的。根据后文“reduced by 20% in price, and then by an additional 25%”可知，商品先后经历两次降价，属于双重折扣。 31．考查名词。句意：相较于一次性直降 40%，人们更容易认为先降价 20% 再额外降价 25% 的商品更划算。A. innovation创新；B. price价格；C. bargain便宜货、划算交易；D. quality质量。根据后文“reduced by 20% in price, and then by an additional 25%, than one that has been subject to an equivalent, one-off 40% reduction.”可知，消费者会觉得经过两次降价的商品更加实惠。 32．考查名词。句意：拉奥先生表示，营销人员能从中吸取的经验不止定价策略这一方面。A. commercializing商业化；B. pricing定价；C. advertising广告；D. retailing零售。根据前文“One is to confuse them with ____ discounting.”可知，前文内容均围绕打折、优惠定价展开论述。 33．考查形容词。句意：例如，在宣传新款汽车的能效时，宣传每加仑汽油能多行驶的里程数，会比宣传油耗降低的等效百分比更有说服力。A. fundamental基本的；B. aggressive激进的；C. logical合乎逻辑的；D. convincing有说服力的。根据后文“rather than the equivalent percentage ____ in fuel consumption”可知，对比两种宣传方式，前者更容易被消费者接受。 34．考查名词。句意同上。A. fall下降；B. usage使用；C. volume体积；D. increase增长。根据前文“talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does”可知，此处指燃油消耗量出现下降。 35．考查词。句意：但在商店和广告中更醒目地标注单价，将会大有帮助。A. retail零售；B. unit单位，单价；C. purchase购买；D. bargain减价商品。根据前文‌“Even well-educated shoppers are easily foxed.”可知，消费者容易被价格计算迷惑，标注单价可以有效解决这一问题。 Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） For the past four years, I have run Poem Store, a public project where I trade poems typed on a manual typewriter for donations. Most of my work has taken place in Arcata, a small Northern California town that welcomed me so warmly people called me its unofficial town poet. I loved that place. There I wandered through ancient forests, walked the edge of the continent, and knelt beside clear, cold rivers. Yet I also learned another language there — the language of land and ownership. Trees were managed as crops, while protesters sometimes lived high in the branches, trying to save them. I wanted to understand both sides. That wish led me to Neal Ewald of Green Diamond Resource Company, a company often criticized for its logging practices. One day at the market, Neal asked me to write a poem about being underwater. I wrote: “With the weight of water around us, we look up and know all the force of the world lies deep in such an unknown place.” The poem touched him. Soon after, he mailed me a book of letters written by his wife during the final months of her life. He asked me to write another poem, one that he and his children could read when they missed her. He wanted no borrowed song, no famous lines — only words shaped for her life and her memory. I read the letters carefully and wrote Wendy’s poem. When I gave it to Neal, our connection deepened. Out of shared sorrow grew an unlikely friendship. We had dinners, started a book club, and walked together in the woods. We spoke of grief, love, protest, business, and the future of the forests. Neal often returned to one word: yes. He believed even opponents should search for the place where conversation could begin. Later, a young protester named Farmer, who had been living secretly in the trees, agreed to meet Neal. They disagreed on almost everything, yet they chose to listen. In time, the McKay Tract, home to old-growth redwoods, was spared, and much of it moved toward becoming a community forest. I still trace that change back to a pair of poems — one about deep water, one about love that outlived loss. Together, they became a small spark that proved how quietly one human connection can light the dark. 36．Why did the author want to connect with Neal at first? A．To ask Neal to support the Poem Store project. B．To invite Neal to join local environmental protests. C．To better understand opposing views on the forests. D．To learn how to manage a successful wood company. 37．What was Neal’s requirement for the second poem? A．It had to teach the public about forests. B．It had to be written especially for his wife. C．It had to be related to underwater experience. D．It had to be chosen first by his children together. 38．What happened to the McKay Tract after Neal and Farmer began to listen to each other? A．It was protected for local public use. B．It was sold to Farmer and his supporters. C．It was closed to become a redwood reserve. D．It was cut down under a new community plan. 39．What is the passage mainly about? A．How poetry helped bring people together. B．Why poetry could not ease personal grief. C．How poetry made a town famous for its forests. D．Why poetry could not improve a company’s image. 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．A 39．A 【导语】文章讲述了作者通过诗歌与伐木公司负责人Neal建立联系，进而促成了环保人士与公司之间的对话，最终使一片古老红杉林得以保护的故事。   【详解】36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet I also learned another language there — the language of land and ownership. Trees were managed as crops, while protesters sometimes lived high in the branches, trying to save them. I wanted to understand both sides.(然而，我也在那里学到了另一种语言——关于土地和所有权的语言。树木被当作农作物来管理，抗议者有时会住在树枝高处，试图拯救它们。我想了解双方的想法。)”及第三段中“That wish led me to Neal Ewald of Green Diamond Resource Company(这个愿望让我找到了绿钻资源公司的Neal Ewald)”可知，作者最初想联系Neal是为了更好地理解关于森林的对立观点。 37．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Soon after, he mailed me a book of letters written by his wife during the final months of her life. He asked me to write another poem, one that he and his children could read when they missed her. He wanted no borrowed song, no famous lines — only words shaped for her life and her memory.(不久之后，他寄给我一本他妻子在生命的最后几个月里写的信。他让我再写一首诗，一首他和孩子们想念她时可以读的诗。他不想要借来的歌，不想要名句——只想要为她的生活和记忆量身定制的文字。)”可知，Neal对第二首诗的要求是必须专门为他的妻子而写。 38．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In time, the McKay Tract, home to old-growth redwoods, was spared, and much of it moved toward becoming a community forest.(最终，古老红杉林的家园McKay Tract得以保留，其中大部分逐渐成为一片社区森林。)”可知，在Neal和Farmer开始倾听彼此之后，McKay Tract得到了保护，供当地公众使用。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，作者通过写诗与伐木公司负责人Neal建立联系，进而促成了环保人士与公司之间的对话，最终使森林得到保护。文章最后一段“Together, they became a small spark that proved how quietly one human connection can light the dark.(它们共同成为一小簇火花，证明了人与人之间的联系能多么安静地照亮黑暗。)”点明了主旨：诗歌如何将人们凝聚在一起。 (B) Sending Mail Abroad What are you sending? Letters and postcards Letters and postcards to Europe can only be sent by Airmail — up to a maximum weight of 2kg. Airmail Our standard Airmail service for sending international mail to anywhere in the world quickly and cost effectively. How to use Stick our branded Airmail sticker — available free from Post Office branches — on your item of mail and post it in any post box or Post Office branch. Alternatively, you can simply write ‘BY AIRMAIL — PAR AVION’ in the front top left corner. Our Airmail delivery aims are:     Western Europe: 3 days following day of posting     Eastern Europe: 4 days following day of posting     Outside Europe: 5 days following day of postingAirmail prices Weight up to Europe World Zone 1 World Zone 2 Postcards £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 10g £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 20g £0.44 £0.72 £0.72 40g £0.64 £1.12 £1.19 60g £0.83 £1.51 £1.66 80g £1.02 £1.91 £2.14 100g £1.21 £2.31 £2.61 120g £1.41 £2.70 £3.08 140g £1.60 £3.10 £3.55 160g £1.79 £3.49 £4.02 Surface mail Our economical service for sending non-urgent international mail. How to use Surface items should be addressed as normal.     The name of the country in CAPITALS must come last. Our Surface mail delivery aims are:     Western Europe: 2 weeks following day of posting     Eastern Europe: 4 weeks following day of posting     Outside Europe: 8-12 weeks following day of postingSurface mail prices Weight up to Postcards Letters only to outside Europe 20g £0.42 £0.42 60g £0.72 £0.72 100g £1.02 £1.02 150g £1.43 £1.43 Where is it going? World Zone 1 World Zone 1 covers all countries not in either Europe or World Zone 2. World Zone 2 Australia Korea Philippines China New Zealand Japan 40．If you post a letter to France, which is located in Western Europe, on November 1st, it will arrive there ________. A．on November 4th B．on November 5th C．on November 15th D．on November 29th 41．If you post a letter, weighing 110g, to the United States by airmail, you need to pay ________. A．£2.31 B．£2.61 C．£2.70 D．£3.08 42．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．The cost of sending a postcard to Japan by airmail is £0.42. B．You can choose to send a letter to Germany by surface mail. C．You must use the branded Airmail sticker to send a letter by airmail. D．A postcard sent to Egypt by surface mail may take 9 weeks to arrive. 【答案】40．A 41．C 42．D 【导语】本文主要介绍的是往国外寄信或明信片的相关方法。 【详解】40．细节理解题。根据What are you sending?部分“Letters and postcards to Europe can only be sent by Airmail — up to a maximum weight of 2kg. (寄往欧洲的信件和明信片只能空邮，最大重量不超过2公斤。)”和“Western Europe: 3 days following day of posting (西欧：投寄翌日起计3天)”可知，如果你于11月1日向位于西欧的法国寄出一封信，它将在11月4日到达那里。 41． 细节理解题。根据文中Where is it going?表格“World Zone 1 covers all countries not in either Europe or World Zone 2. (世界1区涵盖了欧洲和世界2区以外的所有国家。)”和“World Zone 2: Australia, Korea, Philippines, China, New Zealand, Japan (世界2区：澳大利亚， 韩国， 菲律宾， 中国 ，新西兰， 日本)”可知，美国是属于世界1区，再根据Airmail prices表格World Zone 1和120g对应的信息£2.70可知，如果你通过航空邮件向美国寄出一封重110克的信，你需要支付2.70英镑。 42．细节理解题。根据Surface mail部分“Outside Europe: 8-12 weeks following day of posting (欧洲以外地区：邮寄后8-12周)”可知，通过平邮寄往埃及的邮件可能需要9周才能到达。 (C) Types of Social Groups Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction -- and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links focused when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with, instead of against, competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance. Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups: we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups ; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions. A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face - to - face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests. Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society’s cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity. Primary groups, then serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them. 43．According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true of a relationship? A．It is a structure of associations with many people. B．It should be studied in the course of social interaction. C．It places great demands on people. D．It develops gradually over time. 44．Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 4 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships? A．Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships. B．A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship. C．Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society. D．Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships. 45．The phrase “size up” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”. A．enlarge B．evaluate C．impress D．accept 46．This passage is developed primarily by ________. A．drawing comparisons between theory and practice B．presenting two opposing theories C．defining important concepts D．discussing causes and their effects 【答案】43．D 44．D 45．B 46．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们在关系中被两种纽带所束缚:表达性联系和工具性联系，分别说明了这两种联系的含义，以及在此基础上的两种群体类型:主要群体和次要群体，以及这两种群体的含义和区别。以及提高初级群体出现可能性的三个条件。最后表达初级群体的意义：它是我们和社会的基础，它既是社会规范的载体，又是社会规范的执行者。 【详解】43．细节理解题。根据第一段中When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.（当一段关系持续足够长的时间，使两个人通过一组相对稳定的期望联系在一起时，这就叫做关系。）可知一段关系随着时间的推移而逐渐发展。故选D。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段中This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.（这在很多工作环境中都会发生。在工作中，当人们分享抱怨、笑话、八卦和乐事时，他们经常会与同事建立亲密的关系。）可知从作者在第4段中提出的主要群体关系有时由次要群体关系演变而来的观点中，我们可以推断出即使在第二群体中，频繁的交流也有助于人们建立亲密的关系。故选D。 45．词义猜测题。根据下文Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings.可知近距离的观察和交谈使思想和感情的微妙交流成为可能。即面对面的接触让我们能够评估他人。故短语意思为“评估”，故选B。 46．推理判断题。根据文章主要内容，尤其是第二段主要说明了人们关系中的两种纽带关系的含义，以及第四段说明了由这两种关系而发展而来的两个群体的含义和区别。可推知这篇文章主要是通过定义重要的概念来展开的。故选C。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Flower power Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. 47 Calvo is a professor of the philosophy of science in the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Murcia, Spain. Although he presents detailed scientific evidence to support his case, he also draws on philosophical arguments about the nature of consciousness. We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. 48    Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. 49 In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bell jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. 50 The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.” These are revolutionary ideas and as Calvo admits, contested by many scientists who study the physiology of plants. But he guides us through the latest research and builds a compelling case that, unlikely as it may seem, deserves to be taken seriously. Although plants lack our grey matter, he believes they have a unique “green matter”. In the absence of nerves, plants use networked cells to regulate themselves. A．He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized (麻醉). B．Fundamentally, this book is about changing our perception of plants. C．They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. D．He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. E．These movements of plants are in fact “behavior”, and observing behavior is the route to understanding intelligence. F．The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. 【答案】47．F 48．D 49．A 50．C 【导语】文章介绍了西班牙教授帕科・卡尔沃在《植物智人》一书中，通过多项科学实验与研究提出植物具备智力、意识、记忆、交流及感知能力，尽管该观点存有争议，但仍值得人们认真看待，并呼吁人们改变对植物的固有认知。 【详解】47．根据前文“Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. (帕科・卡尔沃所著的佳作《植物智人》，是他“二十年来热忱探索与人类世界并存的另一个丰富别样世界”的成果——这个世界就是植物界。)”可知，文章开篇提到《植物智人》是卡尔沃二十年探索植物世界的成果，F选项“The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. (他探索的主题极具根本意义：植物是否可以被认为拥有智慧。)”承接上文，继续介绍该书的探索主题，引出全文核心话题。 48．根据前文“We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. (我们人类总习惯性认为世界以我们为中心，但卡尔沃写道，智慧“并不像我们自以为的那般独一无二”。)”可知，前文明说卡尔沃提出“智慧并不是人类独有的”，D选项“He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. (他认为，我们是时候承认，其他生物即便与人类截然不同，也同样可能拥有智慧。)”中的it指代前文的intelligence，进一步说明他的观点：其他和人类差异极大的生物也可能拥有智慧，衔接紧密。 49．根据前文“Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile organic compounds. (卡尔沃介绍了许多实验，这些实验揭示了植物非凡的能力范围，包括它们利用“化学对话”与周边同类交流的方式，这是一种由约1700种挥发性有机化合物构成的语言。)”及后文“In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bel jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. (在讲座中，他把一株捕蝇草放置在玻璃罩下，并放入一块浸有麻醉剂的棉片。一小时后，这株植物受到触碰时，不再闭合捕虫夹。检测显示，植物的电活动已经停止，它实际上进入了睡眠状态。如果植物可以被麻醉入睡，那是否意味着它们也有清醒状态？卡尔沃认为的确如此，并且认为植物很可能拥有对世界的独立感知：它们或许具有意识。)”可知，前文介绍了植物的交流能力，后文具体展开麻醉植物的实验，A选项“He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized. (他还展示了如何像对待动物一样对它们进行麻醉。)”点明“植物和动物一样可以被麻醉”，对应后文的麻醉相关实验内容，完美引出下文，符合逻辑。 50．根据前文“Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. (其他研究表明，有些植物能记住日出的方位，以便将叶片转向清晨的第一缕阳光。)”及后文“The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.”(由此可以得出结论：植物会不断收集信息，对其进行处理和储存，进而“做出预测、学习，甚至提前规划”。)”可知，前文明说部分植物能记住太阳升起的位置，C选项“They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. (即便处于完全黑暗的环境中，它们也能将这类记忆留存数日。)”中的this knowledge指代前文对太阳位置的记忆，进一步说明植物储存记忆的能力，衔接后文关于植物收集处理信息的结论，符合语境。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Choose the Right Campsite in Spring Spring is a magical time for camping. The world awakens with fresh greenery and vibrant wildlife, offering a unique escape from the daily grind. However, spring weather and terrain also present specific challenges. To ensure a safe and enjoyable trip, choosing the right campsite requires extra consideration. First and foremost, you must prioritize elevation and drainage. Spring is synonymous with melting snow and increased rainfall, which can turn a picturesque meadow into a mud pit or, worse, a flood zone. Therefore, always avoid low-lying areas, dry riverbeds, and the banks of streams or lakes. Water levels can rise rapidly without warning. Instead, look for elevated, well-drained ground. For example, a slight slope is ideal, as it allows water to run off, keeping your tent floor dry. Shelter from the elements is also critical. Spring weather is notoriously fickle, capable of shifting from warm sunshine to cold winds or sudden showers in minutes. When scouting a location, look for natural windbreaks such as dense groves of trees or large rock formations. These will shield you from biting winds. At the same time, practice your “look up” routine: inspect trees for “widowmakers” — dead branches that can be dislodged by spring storms — and avoid camping directly under them. Finally, consider the balance between sun and shade. In early spring, nights can still be bitterly cold. Choosing a spot that will receive the first rays of morning sunlight can help warm your tent quickly. Conversely, as the day warms up, some shade will keep your camp comfortable and prevent food from spoiling too quickly in the fluctuating temperatures. Selecting a campsite in spring is an exercise in preparation and observation. This careful selection allows you to fully immerse yourself in the season’s beauty — the budding leaves, the rushing streams, and the crisp, fresh air — making for an unforgettable spring adventure. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A safe and unforgettable spring camping requires choosing sites carefully for safety. First, consider elevation and drainage to pick high and well-drained ground to avoid floods. Second, seek natural windbreaks for shelter from unpredictable weather changes, but avoid camping under dead branches. Finally, balance morning sun for warmth with daytime shade for comfort. (53 words) 【导语】文章介绍说一次安全且令人难忘的春季露营需要谨慎选择营地以确保安全。首先，要考虑海拔和排水情况，选择地势较高且排水良好的地方，以避免洪水。其次，寻找天然的防风屏障来躲避不可预测的天气变化，但要避免在枯枝下露营。最后，要平衡早晨的阳光以获取温暖，同时也要利用白天的阴影来保持舒适。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Spring is a magical time for camping. However, spring weather and terrain also present specific challenges. To ensure a safe and enjoyable trip, choosing the right campsite requires extra consideration. ②First and foremost, you must prioritize elevation and drainage. Instead, look for elevated, well-drained ground. ③When scouting a location, look for natural windbreaks such as dense groves of trees or large rock formations. These will shield you from biting winds. At the same time, practice your “look up” routine: inspect trees for “widowmakers” — dead branches that can be dislodged by spring storms — and avoid camping directly under them. ④Finally, consider the balance between sun and shade. Conversely, as the day warms up, some shade will keep your camp comfortable and prevent food from spoiling too quickly in the fluctuating temperatures. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 A safe and unforgettable spring camping requires choosing sites carefully for safety. First, consider elevation and drainage to pick high and well-drained ground to avoid floods. Second, seek natural windbreaks for shelter from unpredictable weather changes, but avoid camping under dead branches. Finally, balance morning sun for warmth with daytime shade for comfort. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A safe and unforgettable spring camping requires choosing sites carefully for safety.（运用了动名词作宾语对第一段进行了总结） 【高分句型2】Second, seek natural windbreaks for shelter from unpredictable weather changes, but avoid camping under dead branches.（运用了动名词作宾语以及but表示转折） IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。（instinct）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct. 【详解】考查陈述句和固定搭配。根据汉语题干可知，表示“骆驼”用camel，此处表示泛指，用复数形式，作主语，句子开头，注意用大写；“会适应”是句子的谓语，句子陈述的客观事实，用一般现在时，故可译为can adapt或adapt；表示“干旱的沙漠环境”用the dry desert environment，作“会适应”的宾语；再结合已给英文提示instinct，所以表示“本能地”用by instinct或者out of instinct，置于句尾，修饰谓语adapt to。故翻译为Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct. 53．故地重游，童年伙伴的欢声笑语依然在老街上回转悠扬。(echo) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When I revisit / return to the familiar place, the laughter and voices of childhood friends still echo on / through the old street. 【详解】考查非谓语动词以及时态。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“故地重游”为“Revisit / Return to the familiar place”；“童年伙伴的欢声笑语”为“the laughter and voices of childhood friends”作主句主语；“在老街上回转悠扬”为“ echo on / through the old street.”主语是复数，谓语动词用复数，revisit/return的逻辑主语不是主句主语，故处理为when引导的时间状语从句，句子隐含的主语是I。故翻译为：When I revisit / return to the familiar place, the laughter and voices of childhood friends still echo on / through the old street. 54．倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动，那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险？(risk) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If artificial intelligence completely replaces human labor, wouldn’t everyone be at risk of unemployment? 【详解】考查情态动词和从句。根据句意可知，本句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来。“人工智”为artificial intelligence，作主语；“完全地”为 completely，作状语；“取代”为 replace，作谓语；“人类劳动”为 human labor，作宾语。“倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动”翻译为：倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动。“那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险？”表示一种反问和委婉的语气，用wouldn’t+动词原形。“面临......风险”为 be at risk of ；“失业”为unemployment，作宾语。故翻译为：If artificial intelligence completely replaces human labor, wouldn’t everyone be at risk of unemployment? 55．拥有百年历史的大同中学坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The century-old Datong high school is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. 【详解】考查定语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“拥有百年历史的大同中学”应用The century-old Datong high school；表示“坐落于”应用be located in，主语为单数名词，be动词用is；表示“市中心”应用the city center；表示“馆藏丰富”应用whose collection is extensive，此处为whose引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The century-old Datong high school，关系词在定语从句中作定语；表示“读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍”应用“readers can find a variety of rare books here”；前后两句话为并列句，需用连词and连接。故翻译成：The century-old Datong high school is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 180-200 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你所在学校的英文校报正在征集关于 “美育(aesthetic education)”的投稿。你注意到，尽管学校开设了音乐、美术等课程，但很多同学对 “美” 的理解仍然停留在 “外在形式”“技能掌握” 或 “潮流时尚” 等层面，缺乏对优秀传统文化艺术（如书法、国画、古典音乐）的真正欣赏和感受能力。请就此话题写一篇稿件，内容包括： 1.简要描述当前中学生美育教育中存在的问题； 2.分析导致这一问题的原因； 3.提出改善美育现状的建议。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As an essential part of middle school education, aesthetic education is widely carried out in our school, with music and art courses provided. Yet many students have a superficial understanding of beauty, focusing merely on external forms, skill mastery or fashion trends and lacking the ability to truly appreciate traditional arts like calligraphy and Chinese painting. There are three main reasons for this. For one thing, buried in academic work, students have little time to explore traditional art. For another thing, aesthetic courses lay more stress on skill training rather than guiding students to feel art’s inner beauty and cultural connotation. Finally, popular culture exerts a great influence, making students favor trendy things over traditional arts. To change this situation, joint efforts are needed. It is schools that should hold traditional art activities to arouse students’ interest. Teachers, meanwhile, ought to adjust teaching methods. They inspire students to understand the charm behind artworks. As for students, they need to take the initiative to learn traditional culture, cultivating the ability to discover inner beauty. Only in this way can aesthetic education play its real role and help students form a correct view of beauty. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生结合学校美育开设现状，描述中学生美育教育存在的问题、分析成因并提出改善建议。      【详解】1.词汇积累    开展；实行：carry out → conduct 欣赏：appreciate → admire 强调；重视：lay stress on → focus on/ highlight/ lay emphasis on 培养：cultivate → foster 2.句式拓展    合并简单句 原句：Teachers, meanwhile, ought to adjust teaching methods. They inspire students to understand the charm behind artworks. 拓展句：Teachers, meanwhile, ought to adjust teaching methods, inspiring students to understand the charm behind artworks. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As an essential part of middle school education, aesthetic education is widely carried out in our school, with music and art courses provided. (运用了with+宾语+过去分词结构做状语) 【高分句型2】It is schools that should hold traditional art activities to arouse students’ interest. (运用了强调句型It is... that...) 【高分句型3】Only in this way can aesthetic education play its real role and help students form a correct view of beauty. (运用了Only+状语置于句首的部分倒装结构) 2 / 22 1 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考一轮复习调研检测卷01（上海卷） 英语·参考答案 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) 【答案】 1．to offer 2．have welcomed/welcome 3．in 4．that 5．when 6．have 7．Being surrounded 8．less stressful 9．improved 10．because Section B (10分) 【答案】 11．B 12．E 13．I 14．D 15．H 16．J 17．C 18．K 19．A 20．F II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．B Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．A 39．A (B) 【答案】40．A 41．C 42．D (C) 【答案】43．D 44．D 45．B 46．C Section C (8分) 【答案】47．F 48．D 49．A 50．C III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. 【答案】A safe and unforgettable spring camping requires choosing sites carefully for safety. First, consider elevation and drainage to pick high and well-drained ground to avoid floods. Second, seek natural windbreaks for shelter from unpredictable weather changes, but avoid camping under dead branches. Finally, balance morning sun for warmth with daytime shade for comfort. (53 words) IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52． 【答案】Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct. 53． 【答案】When I revisit / return to the familiar place, the laughter and voices of childhood friends still echo on / through the old street. 54． 【答案】If artificial intelligence completely replaces human labor, wouldn’t everyone be at risk of unemployment? 55． 【答案】The century-old Datong high school is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 180-200 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 【答案】 As an essential part of middle school education, aesthetic education is widely carried out in our school, with music and art courses provided. Yet many students have a superficial understanding of beauty, focusing merely on external forms, skill mastery or fashion trends and lacking the ability to truly appreciate traditional arts like calligraphy and Chinese painting. There are three main reasons for this. For one thing, buried in academic work, students have little time to explore traditional art. For another thing, aesthetic courses lay more stress on skill training rather than guiding students to feel art’s inner beauty and cultural connotation. Finally, popular culture exerts a great influence, making students favor trendy things over traditional arts. To change this situation, joint efforts are needed. It is schools that should hold traditional art activities to arouse students’ interest. Teachers, meanwhile, ought to adjust teaching methods. They inspire students to understand the charm behind artworks. As for students, they need to take the initiative to learn traditional culture, cultivating the ability to discover inner beauty. Only in this way can aesthetic education play its real role and help students form a correct view of beauty. 2 / 22 1 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $