精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级英语学科5月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试题

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科5月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Don’t Wait a Year to Make Resolutions I was a heavy drinker before I gave it up. So I made a resolution. I looked in the mirror and said to myself: “It’s early evening. Drink whatever you want now, but it all ends at 11:59. We start anew tomorrow.” I am a big believer in the fresh start, which is ____1____ many of us look to on New Year’s. But I think New Year’s resolutions are pointless. We depend so much on them, and if we slip on Jan. 12, we give them up. Better luck next year. Thus I ____2____ (have) my last drink not on Dec. 31 but on a random Saturday in the spring three years ago. Random Saturdays are opportunities, though we don’t tend ____3____ (look) at them that way. We feel as if we must have everything in order in our lives, with desk ____4____ (clear) of waste papers, and pencils all sharpened and in a row, before we start writing the story. But that’s not how stories are composed or anything gets done. They ____5____ (create) in the small starts that link part to part until you have a road and you are walking down it. There are all kinds of ways to get off to a mini-start ____6____ can lead to a big end. I like to use a fresh week. Because I’m competitive and it helps motivate me, I play what I call the Week Game. On Saturday, as the week ends and ____7____ is about to begin, I look back on what I did over seven days. I wrote this many stories, published this many pieces, talked on the radio this many times, and ran this many miles. I’m awfully good at the Week Game now, and I take pride ____8____ it. For the people who wish to hold me back, I can say, “my week is your career,” and my numbers — because I start it over and over — bear it out. It gives me more energy and purpose when life is very hard. It stops me ____9____ (give) up. We feel extremely let down if we can’t get on well with New Year’s resolutions. Then you’re supposed to wait a year! That’s not going to help you, ____10____ you want to drink less or read more books. A series of constant fresh starts adds up to a life well-lived. 【答案】1. what 2. had 3. to look 4. cleared 5. are created 6. that##which 7. another 8. in 9. giving 10. whether 【解析】 【导语】本文作者结合自身戒酒经历，提出不必等到新年才立下目标，随时都可以开启新的起点。 【1题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：我十分相信全新的开端，这也是我们很多人在新年所期盼的东西。空处引导表语从句，从句中look to缺少宾语，指“……的事物”，用连接代词what引导。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：因此，我最后一次喝酒不是在12月31日，而是在三年前春天一个随意的周六。根据时间状语three years ago可知，本句为一般过去时，have的过去式是had。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：随意的周六都是机会，尽管我们并不倾向于那样看待它们。固定搭配tend to do sth. 意为“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们感觉仿佛在开始书写人生故事之前，我们必须把生活里一切安排妥当，桌面清理掉废纸，铅笔全部削好并排成一排。此处是with复合结构，desk和clear之间是被动关系，用过去分词cleared作宾语补足语。 【5题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：它们诞生于一个个微小的开端，这些开端将片段串联起来，直到你拥有一条道路，并且行走在这条路上。主语They指代stories，和create之间是被动关系；本句陈述客观道理，用一般现在时被动语态，主语为复数，谓语用are created。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：有各种各样的方式开启一个微小的开端，这个微小开端能够通向宏大的结果。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是mini-start，是事物，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词that/which。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：在周六，当这一周结束、接下来的另一周即将开始的时候，我回顾我七天里所做的事。此处指“接下来的另一周”用代词another，相当于another week。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：我现在十分擅长这个“周游戏”，并且我为此自豪。固定搭配take pride in意为“为……自豪”。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它阻止我放弃。固定搭配stop sb. (from) doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：那不会帮到你，无论你是想少喝酒还是多读一些书。此处用whether…or…“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. genuine B. hits C. instructions D. opposed E. reports F. republished G. spread H. suggesting I. threat J. typical K. unavailable The last “uncontacted” tribe (部落)? In 2008, in order to draw attention to illegal logging on the Brazil-Peru border, the Brazilian department for indigenous groups affairs (Funai) released photos of an “uncontacted” Amazonian tribe. Funai said that the tribe was under ____11____ because of the logging. At the time some people asked if the tribe was truly “uncontacted.” The NGO Survival International said that they were confident that the photos were ____12____. The Survival International spokesman, David Hill, explained that his organization wasn’t ____13____ that the tribe had never had any contact with the outside world, but that they now lived without it. Nevertheless, the Peruvian government suggested that the story was no more than a strategy by groups ____14____ to development of the area’s resources. Fast forward two years, by which time about 50 percent of the Peruvian Amazon had been contracted to oil and gas developers. The photos were ____15____ to coincide with previously unseen footage of the tribe shown in a BBC documentary. This time, the images were viral. Survival International said the images had ____16____ across the world within minutes. Their websites had over a million ____17____ in three days. The images led to a worldwide reaction online. A(n) ____18____ post asked why nobody had done anything to save these tribes. Three days later, the Peruvian government announced that they would work with the Brazilian authorities to stop illegal logging in the area. The contractors in the area were ____19____ for comment. But as a Funai spokesperson said later, one image had had more impact than one thousand ____20____. 【答案】11. I 12. A 13. H 14. D 15. F 16. G 17. B 18. J 19. K 20. E 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述巴西公布亚马逊原始部落照片引发广泛传播，促使秘鲁政府打击非法伐木，体现图片比文字报告更具影响力。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：巴西原住民事务部门称该部落因伐木而受到威胁。此空应填名词，根据“because of the logging”可知，此处指伐木活动对部落构成危险。threat，表示“威胁”，固定搭配under threat，表示“受到威胁”。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：非政府组织国际生存组织表示，他们确信这些照片是真实的。此空应填形容词作表语，根据上文“At the time some people asked if the tribe was truly “uncontacted.””可知，有人质疑部落是否真的未与外界接触可知，此处指该组织证实照片真实。genuine，表示“真实的，非伪造的”。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：国际生存组织发言人David Hill解释，该组织并不是在暗示部落从未接触过外部世界，而是他们如今过着与世隔绝的生活。此空应填非谓语动词，根据“that the tribe had never had any contact with the outside world”可知，此处表达某种看法。suggesting，表示“暗示，表明”，wasn’t suggesting构成过去进行时。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，秘鲁政府认为，这一说法只不过是反对该地区资源开发的团体的一种策略。此空应填非谓语动词作后置定语，根据“to development of the area’s resources”可知，部分团体反对资源开发。opposed，表示“反对的”，be opposed to为固定搭配，此处用opposed作后置定语修饰groups。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些照片被重新发布，恰逢BBC纪录片播出该部落此前从未公开的影像。此空应填动词，根据“coincide with previously unseen footage of the tribe shown in a BBC documentary.”可知，这些照片被重新发布。再1根据“The photos were”可知为被动语态。republished，表示“重新发布”，were后接过去分词构成一般过去时被动语态。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：国际生存组织称，这些图像几分钟之内就传遍全球。此空应填动词，根据“across the world within minutes”可知，此处指图片快速传播。spread，表示“传播，扩散”，had后接过去分词spread构成过去完成时。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们的网站三天内访问量超过一百万次。此空应填名词，根据“Their websites had over a million”可知，此处描述网站点击访问量。hits，表示“（网站）点击量，访问次数”，a million后接可数名词复数。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一篇典型的帖子质问为何没有人采取行动拯救这些部落。此空应填形容词修饰名词post，根据“asked why nobody had done anything to save these tribes”可知，这是具有代表性的网络帖子。typical，表示“典型的，有代表性的”。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该地区的承包商无法联系上，未能置评。此空应填形容词作表语，根据“for comment”可知，此处指承包商无法获取，不能发表评论。unavailable，表示“无法联系到的，得不到的”。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：但正如巴西原住民事务部门发言人后来所说，一张图片比一千份报告的影响力还要大。此空应填名词，根据“one image had had more impact than one thousand”可知，此处指和图片形成对比的是书面报告。reports，表示“报告”，one thousand后接可数名词复数。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Journalism” came into existence when reliable information was scarce. As newspaper publishing and distribution grew, editors had to satisfy demands for ____21____ as well as entertainment. The effort to be trusted came to be the distinguishing mark of journalism. But printing technology made journalism powerful: a few people gathered sorted and ____22____ news and hoped that many people would buy it. However, three changes turned this ____23____ of public information into today’s glut (过剩): the invention of radio and television, digital technology such as email, and finally the Internet. Digital communications not only increased the amount of easily-reached information but ____24____ the power of traditional publishing. Anyone can now publish their thoughts and their books for free to a global audience. Old-fashioned print publishing by the few to the many sits ____25____ next to successful “peer-to-peer” networks. Against this background, citizen journalism’ can simply mean a wider range of ____26____. Big events that leave media organisations rushing to get to the right spots are now covered by ____27____ witnesses who send instant photos and videos from their mobile phones. Where established reporters fear to go — war zones being the obvious ____28____ — the voice of the ordinary citizen journalist may be the only believable news source. But if it is the case that anyone can be a journalist, what is journalism? Whatever the era and technology, it must surely involve an organised attempt to show what is happening, to reduce or eliminate ____29____ about what is true. Journalists still gather the basic news, but must also meet the need to give it meaning and context. We analyse news in the context of instant global conversations that can involve a handful of people or millions. The forces of change may bring down media empires that fail to adapt, but they do not ____30____ the idea of journalism. The need to know the accuracy of what they are reading or watching does not ____31____ because you have a lot of new ways of finding facts and other points of view. The nature of the news and opinion people now consume is changing: more varied, less ____32____, often like an everyday conversation. Also the way people sample and use news and opinion is changing: they dip in and out of news all day. But the business of getting accurate basic data to consumers, of building platforms that people ____33____ remains valuable work despite the changing background. Some citizen journalists make a real contribution to this; some don’t. In other words, we’re back where we started: ____34____ accuracy and honesty. The most important question ____35____ of news and opinion will ask themselves is the question they have always asked: do I trust this source to tell me something true and useful? 21. A. shock B. timeliness C. accuracy D. openness 22. A. edited B. distributed C. invented D. hid 23. A. conveyance B. shortage C. management D. supply 24. A. ignored B. enhanced C. applied D. weakened 25. A. uneasily B. unexpectedly C. confidently D. surprisingly 26. A. events B. readers C. sources D. facilities 27. A. volunteer B. amateur C. professional D. subjective 28. A. area B. factor C. effect D. example 29. A. doubt B. curiosity C. remarks D. statements 30. A. construct B. destroy C. communicate D. protect 31. A. arise B. disapprove C. disappear D. remain 32. A. shameful B. exciting C. noteworthy D. formal 33. A. trust B. introduce C. remove D. design 34. A. keeping pace with B. taking advantage of C. making judgements about D. losing control of 35. A. reporters B. consumers C. gatherers D. editors 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍技术变革催生公民新闻，信息供给过剩，但新闻追求真实的内核不变；受众始终需要判断信息来源是否可信，准确诚实依旧是新闻的核心。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着报纸出版和发行不断发展，编辑必须同时满足人们对准确性以及娱乐性的需求。A. shock震惊；B. timeliness时效性；C. accuracy准确性；D. openness开放。后文“The effort to be trusted came to be the distinguishing mark of journalism.”提到新闻行业追求可信，即准确性。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：但印刷技术使新闻业变得强大：少数人收集、整理并分发新闻，希望很多人会购买。A. edited编辑；B. distributed分发；C. invented发明；D. hid隐藏。根据后文“news and hoped that many people would buy it”可知，新闻流程包含收集、分类、分发，让更多人购买。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，三个变化使这种公共信息的短缺演变为如今的泛滥：广播和电视的发明、电子邮件等数字技术，以及互联网的出现。A. conveyance传递；B. shortage短缺；C. management管理；D. supply供给。根据后文“of public information into today’s glut”可知，公共信息从短缺到泛滥。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：数字通信不仅增加了随手可得的信息总量，还削弱了传统出版行业的力量。A. ignored忽视；B. enhanced增强；C. applied应用；D. weakened削弱。根据上文“the invention of radio and television, digital technology such as email, and finally the Internet”可知，数字时代人人都可以发布信息，传统媒体的力量被削弱。 【25题详解】 考查副词。句意：少数面向多数人的老式纸质出版，在成功的点对点网络旁边处境尴尬。A. uneasily不安地、尴尬地；B. unexpectedly出乎意料地；C. confidently自信地；D. surprisingly惊人地。根据后文“next to successful “peer-to-peer” networks”可知，新旧模式并存，传统出版难以适应新环境。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这种背景下，公民新闻仅仅意味着信息来源更加广泛。A. events事件；B. readers读者；C. sources来源；D. facilities设施。后文“witnesses who send instant photos and videos from their mobile phones”提到普通人也能提供现场素材，也就是信息源变多。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如今，媒体机构争相赶赴现场报道重大事件时，已由志愿者目击者通过手机即时发送照片和视频来完成。A. volunteer志愿的；B. amateur业余的；C. professional专业的；D. subjective主观的。根据后文“witnesses who send instant photos and videos from their mobile phones”可知，公民记者并非专业媒体从业者，属于志愿者目击者。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：在正规记者不敢前往的地方——战区就是很明显的例子——普通公民记者的声音可能是唯一可信的新闻来源。A. area区域；B. factor因素；C. effect影响；D. example例子。根据上文“Where established reporters fear to go — war zones being the obvious”可知，战区是记者难以抵达的典型例子。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论什么时代、何种技术，新闻一定包含一种有组织的尝试，去呈现正在发生的事，减少或消除关于事实的疑虑。A. doubt疑虑；B. curiosity好奇；C. remarks评论；D. statements陈述。根据上文“it must surely involve an organised attempt to show what is happening, to reduce or eliminate”可知，新闻的目标是厘清事实、消除疑惑。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：变革的力量或许会击垮无法适应的媒体巨头，但它们并不会摧毁新闻这一理念。A. construct构建；B. destroy摧毁；C. communicate交流；D. protect保护。根据上文“The forces of change may bring down media empires that fail to adapt, but they do not”中but表转折，变革不会消灭新闻本身的内核。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：即便有大量获取事实和不同观点的新渠道，人们想要确认所读、所看内容是否准确的需求也不会消失。A. arise出现；B. disapprove不赞成；C. disappear消失；D. remain保留。根据后文“because you have a lot of new ways of finding facts and other points of view”可知，人们对信息真实性的需求一直存在，不会消失。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：人们现在接收的新闻和观点性质正在改变：更加多元，不那么正式，常常如同日常闲聊。A. shameful可耻的；B. exciting令人激动的；C. noteworthy值得关注的；D. formal正式的。后文“like an everyday conversation”说明不再刻板正式，常常如同日常闲聊。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管环境不断变化，为受众提供准确基础信息、搭建人们信赖的平台依旧是有价值的工作。A. trust信任；B. introduce介绍；C. remove移除；D. design设计。根据上文“the business of getting accurate basic data to consumers, of building platforms that people”可知，平台的核心是赢得用户信任。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：换句话说，我们回到了原点：对准确性和真实性做出判断。A. keeping pace with跟上；B. taking advantage of利用；C. making judgements about对……做出判断；D. losing control of失去控制。根据后文“accuracy and honesty”读者需要辨别新闻是否真实准确，做出判断。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：新闻和观点的受众总要问自己那个恒久不变的关键问题：我是否相信这个消息来源能告诉我真实有用的信息？A. reporters记者；B. consumers受众、阅读者；C. gatherers收集者；D. editors编辑。根据后文“do I trust this source to tell me something true and useful?”可知，后文的反问是从接收新闻的读者、受众出发的。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Of all the creatures to be found in the jungles and plains of East Africa, two of the hardest to track down must surely be producer Amanda Barrett and cameraman Owen Newman. Their present habitat, the Ngorongoro Crater, has been raining for almost six months, giving rise to a number of unforeseen problems. Newman explained that they had to invest in an expensive piece of equipment so that whenever one of their vehicles gets stuck in the mud, Amanda can pull him back to safety. His working partnership with the talented producer has created some of TV’s finest wildlife films, such as their amazing and well-received film on leopards (豹). Even while this film of one of Africa’s shyest cats was being shown, the pair were already back where they belong this time tracking that equally shy animal, the jackal. But this is nothing unusual in television partnerships. Travelling filmmakers have been constantly circling the globe, in order to point cameras at wildlife ever since the birth of television. I spoke to Newman about their partnership while he was making one of his rare and unpredictable reunions with other members of the human race at a wildlife zoo. “We do have occasional arguments but we tend to get over them fairly quickly,” he says of his colleague. Neither of them regard themselves as the leader, and he says that one of the reasons why they get on so well with each other is that they both see the animals in a similar way. “When we are on the move, we have to put up our tents each night. But this time we are operating much more of a fixed camp, and as we set out at 5 a.m. each morning, we tend to make the tea the night before and keep it warm in a vacuum flask (保温杯).” The rest of the Newman-Barrett daily diet consists of prepacked meals heated and dished out by whoever is at hand at the time. “It’s not unusual for us to be out and about for up to eight weeks at a time, so catering does cause the odd panic,” says Newman. It can be a rough existence, but the appeal of being alone in such remote areas is that we can get close enough to the animals to become part of their lives. “I remember once we were filming a family of lions and there was a lioness who would regularly go off on her own. Whenever she returned, she would go round and greet all the other members of the pride, and after a while she made a point of greeting our car as part of her round.” 36. What does the writer imply about Amanda Barrett and Owen Newman in the first paragraph? A. They are hard to get along with. B. They are always moving about. C. They like living in East Africa. D. They love studying creatures. 37. Why do Barrett and Newman get along with each other very well? A. They dislike dealing with human beings. B. They seldom have any arguments at work. C. They let one of them have the final say. D. They hold the same opinion of animals. 38. It can be concluded from the passage that Barrett and Newman are _______. A. enthusiastic travellers B. rainforest protectors C. wildlife researchers D. film makers 39. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. No one else works with Barrett and Newman. B. No hot tea is available to Barrett and Newman. C. Barrett and Newman care more about shy animals. D. Barrett and Newman find food and make meals every day. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述野生动物电影制作人Amanda与Owen在东非野外拍摄的工作、搭档关系以及野外艰苦又独特的拍摄经历。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Of all the creatures to be found in the jungles and plains of East Africa, two of the hardest to track down must surely be producer Amanda Barrett and cameraman Owen Newman.(在东非丛林与平原上生活的所有生物当中，最难找到的两位一定是制片人Amanda Barrett和摄像师Owen Newman。)”可知，作者暗示二人四处奔波、行踪不定。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Neither of them regard themselves as the leader, and he says that one of the reasons why they get on so well with each other is that they both see the animals in a similar way.(他们二人都不把自己当成领导者，他说他们相处融洽的原因之一是他们看待动物的方式很相近。)”可知，他们对动物有着相同的看法是他们相处融洽的原因。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“His working partnership with the talented producer has created some of TV’s finest wildlife films, such as their amazing and well-received film on leopards (豹).(他和这位才华横溢的制片人合作，制作出了一些电视上最优秀的野生动物影片，比如那部精彩且广受好评的豹子纪录片。)”可知，他们是电影制作人。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But this time we are operating much more of a fixed camp, and as we set out at 5 a.m. each morning, we tend to make the tea the night before and keep it warm in a vacuum flask (保温杯).(但这一次我们基本固定扎营，每天清晨五点出发，所以头一晚就泡好茶，放在保温杯里保温。)”可知，他们有热茶，B选项错误。根据第二段中“Even while this film of one of Africa’s shyest cats was being shown, the pair were already back where they belong this time tracking that equally shy animal, the jackal.(甚至就在这部关于非洲最胆小的猫科动物之一的影片播出的时候，这对搭档已经回到了他们熟悉的地方，这次追踪同样生性怕人的动物 —— 胡狼。)”可知，文中仅说明他们拍摄过胆小的动物，不能得出他们更偏爱胆小动物的结论，C选项错误。根据第三段中“The rest of the Newman-Barrett daily diet consists of prepacked meals heated and dished out by whoever is at hand at the time.(Newman和Barrett其余的日常食物是预先包装好的餐食，由当时手边有空的人加热、分盛。)”可知，他们不是每天寻找食材做饭，只是加热预制餐，D选项错误。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Of all the creatures to be found in the jungles and plains of East Africa, two of the hardest to track down must surely be producer Amanda Barrett and cameraman Owen Newman.(在东非丛林与平原上生活的所有生物当中，最难找到的两位一定是制片人Amanda Barrett和摄像师Owen Newman。)”、“Newman explained that they had to invest in an expensive piece of equipment so that whenever one of their vehicles gets stuck in the mud, Amanda can pull him back to safety. His working partnership with the talented producer has created some of TV’s finest wildlife films, such as their amazing and well-received film on leopards (豹).(Newman解释说，他们不得不购置一套昂贵设备，这样一旦其中一辆车陷进泥里，Amanda就能把他拉回安全地带。他和这位才华出众的制片人搭档，拍出了几部电视上质量顶尖的野生动物纪录片，其中就包括那部精彩动人、广受好评的豹子纪录片。)”可知，文中没有提及还有其他人和他们一起开展野外拍摄工作，没有其他人与他们搭档，A选项正确。 （B） This week’s problem: If I do not get into a university like Oxbridge, what can I do to level up my career playing field? — Mary, 20s. Jonathan’s answer: There is a traditional view that a degree from top universities can in itself place you on the highest career path. If your career playing field is assessed purely by salary, then the data support this view: figures for 2016-17 from the UK’s education department reveal that Oxford and Cambridge graduates have the highest median incomes of all employed graduates, five years after leaving university. In any event, it is not just university choice that affects your career outcome. In Lauren Rivera’s 2015 book, Pedigree: How Elite Students Get Elite Jobs, she reported on Wall Street firms’ recruiting practices and showed that unspoken biases apply to select people with a similar cultural fit. One of Professor Rivera’s findings was that on Wall Street, male applicants from upper-middle-class backgrounds with an interest in team sports did particularly well. Some employers are levelling the playing field, actively seeking graduates from other well-known institutions, to increase diversity and perhaps because the undergraduate courses at these institutions offer candidates advantages, including vocational elements. Other recruiters are trying out “background blind” admissions, removing from applications references to schools or universities. While there may be peer or family pressure to study at certain institutions, your long-term career success depends on more than the brand name, including what you can demonstrate in terms of technical and employability skills. Research all leading universities to decide which course would suit you best, including the content, style and intensity of teaching, and examination methods. You may also consider which institution would provide the best extracurricular opportunities. Even if Oxbridge doors close for you, other doors will open: employers will be impressed by what you do with the opportunities you actually had, not what might have been. 40. The word “biases” (in paragraph 2 in Jonathan’s Answer) most probably means ______. A. common recruiting practices B. unexpected career outcomes C. tendencies to prefer someone D. emphases on culture awareness 41. Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 in Jonathan’s Answer are intended to illustrate that ______. A. one’s career outcome is affected by more factors than his university choice B. it is better to apply to the companies that care less about educational backgrounds C. well-known institutions prefer university graduates with proper vocational training D. job applicants must provide potential employers with references to universities 42. What advice does Jonathan give Mary? A. Don’t take salary too seriously. B. Find a university that fits you best. C. Choose a vocation-oriented college. D. Don’t think too much about the future. 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍名校学历不等于职业优势，职业发展受多种因素影响，建议选择适合自己的大学并把握现有机会。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“In Lauren Rivera’s 2015 book, Pedigree: How Elite Students Get Elite Jobs, she reported on Wall Street firms’ recruiting practices and showed that unspoken biases apply to select people with a similar cultural fit. One of Professor Rivera’s findings was that on Wall Street, male applicants from upper-middle-class backgrounds with an interest in team sports did particularly well. (在劳伦·里维拉2015年的《出身：不平等的选拔与精英的自我复制》一书中，她报道了华尔街公司的招聘做法，并表明存在隐性的biases，用来挑选文化契合度相近的人。里维拉教授的一项发现是，在华尔街，来自中上层阶级背景、对团队运动感兴趣的男性申请者表现尤其出色)”可知，雇主在招聘中存在一种偏向特定人群的倾向，即偏好与自己文化背景相似的人，因此biases意为“偏爱某些人的倾向”。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In any event, it is not just university choice that affects your career outcome. (无论如何，影响你的职业发展结果的不只是院校选择)”第二段“One of Professor Rivera’s findings was that on Wall Street, male applicants from upper-middle-class backgrounds with an interest in team sports did particularly well. (里维拉教授的一项发现是，在华尔街，来自中上层阶级背景、对团队运动感兴趣的男性申请者表现尤其出色)”、第三段“Some employers are levelling the playing field, actively seeking graduates from other well-known institutions, to increase diversity and perhaps because the undergraduate courses at these institutions offer candidates advantages, including vocational elements.(一些雇主正在创造公平的竞争环境，积极寻找其他知名机构的毕业生，以增加多样性，也许是因为这些机构的本科课程为候选人提供了优势，包括职业要素)”以及第四段“While there may be peer or family pressure to study at certain institutions, your long-term career success depends on more than the brand name, including what you can demonstrate in terms of technical and employability skills.(虽然在某些机构学习可能会受到同龄人或家庭的压力，但你的长期职业成功不仅仅取决于品牌，还包括你在技术和就业技能方面可以展示的东西)”可知，Lauren Rivera的研究说明招聘中存在对特定背景人群的偏好，而非仅看大学名气，第三段提到一些雇主正寻求增加多样性；第四段进一步指出长期职业成功还取决于技术能力、就业技能以及课外机会等，这三段从不同角度展开，旨在说明职业结果受多种因素影响，而不仅仅是大学选择。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Research all leading universities to decide which course would suit you best, including the content, style and intensity of teaching, and examination methods. (研究所有顶尖大学，选出最适合你的课程，包括教学内容、模式、强度以及考试方式)”可知，Jonathan建议Mary找最适合自己的大学。 （C） Urban settings, far from being ecological wastelands, are full of biological activity. Cities have been described as essential to climate change solutions, but they can also raise the kinds of ecologists that will bring us into a more inclusive biological future, I am a wildlife biologist from Philadelphia. In the U.S., ecology was and is predominantly conducted in rural landscapes. I stood out among my peers for not having a history of camping, fishing, hunting or hiking. I had yet to recognize that Philadelphia, with its four seasons and the large population of squirrels (松鼠), row homes and festivals, was actually my first ecological classroom. There I witnessed feral cats eating birds and rats, people driving bats away from their homes and snakes being killed by lawn owners. This is as much ecology in action as anything we witness in fields and forests. Urban wild animals exhibit various features and behaviors that set them apart from rural ones: they may be bigger, eat more diverse food sources, are active at different times of the day, move differently and have different personalities. Some biologists argue they are even “smarter.” Urban wildlife balances more risks - such as exposure to roads, chemicals and diseases from domestic animals — with rewards. Some of those rewards come from humans providing food and from the distribution of our parks and water bodies. Others, particularly for carnivores (食肉动物), are natural resources such as rodents (啮齿动物). This relationship, coupled with the landscape where nature meets people, can also dramatically influence human societies. Our interactions with nature are common. Urbanites’ intuition is sharpened by risks — we know a dangerous street, and we lock our doors. Our ability to assess threats and our awareness regarding safety influence our behaviors and choices, much as they do for urban wildlife. This interplay affords us an understanding through proximity. In our professional lives as biologists, our exposure to diverse communities in cities initiates cultural sensitivities that help to promote inclusivity. When you experience the scarcity of resources in a crowded city, you understand resource distribution at a deeply personal level. We bear witness to evolution and the wealth of nature's innovation through flowers coming out through concrete and birds eating dead bird bodies on highways. Such heterogeneity (不均质性) in cities plants unconscious seeds of appreciation for diversity, tolerance and empathy that can benefit the natural world. By training more biologists from urban settings, we are creating an agenda that has broader societal relevance. Most of the world’s population now accesses green and blue spaces, as well as wildlife, within urban neighborhoods. Nature is no longer only wilderness; it includes sounds of human laughter and trash trucks. 43. According to the writer, how does he/she differ from other wildlife biologists? A. She used to keep several wild animals as pets. B. She was born in a city with four distinctive seasons. C. She had little experience of exploring the rural areas. D. She witnessed many accidents that happened to rural wildlife. 44. According to the writer, which of the following statements is TRUE of urban wild animals? A. They are of a different ancestry from rural wild animals. B. They are often more active at night than in the daytime. C. They are more resistant to diseases than domestic animals. D. They are more likely to feed on something rural ones don’t eat at all. 45. The word “proximity” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A. productivity B. closeness C. treatment D. threat 46. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Cities tend to make better biologists B. Biologists are mostly not very tolerant. C. Resources are getting scarcer in rural areas. D. It is essential for biologists to live in urban neighborhoods. 【答案】43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述城市并非生态荒漠，城市野生动物独具特点，城市经历能培养更具包容意识的生物学者。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In the U.S., ecology was and is predominantly conducted in rural landscapes. I stood out among my peers for not having a history of camping, fishing, hunting or hiking.(在美国，生态学过去是、现在也主要是在乡村地区开展研究。我在同行中很特别，因为我从来没有露营、钓鱼、打猎或者徒步旅行的经历。)”可知，作者几乎没有在野外乡村探索的经历，和其他野生动物生物学家不一样。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Urban wild animals exhibit various features and behaviors that set them apart from rural ones: they may be bigger, eat more diverse food sources, are active at different times of the day, move differently and have different personalities.(城市野生动物展现出各种和乡村野生动物不一样的特征与行为：它们体型可能更大、食物来源更加多样、在一天中不同时段活动、行动方式不同，还有不一样的习性。)”可知，城市野生动物食谱更多样，更有可能吃乡村野生动物完全不吃的东西。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Our ability to assess threats and our awareness regarding safety influence our behaviors and choices, much as they do for urban wildlife. This interplay affords us an understanding through proximity.(我们评估危险的能力以及安全意识影响着我们的行为和选择，就像这些因素影响城市野生动物一样。这种相互作用让我们凭借proximity获得理解。)”以及上文“Our interactions with nature are common. Urbanites’ intuition is sharpened by risks — we know a dangerous street, and we lock our doors.(我们与大自然的互动十分平常。都市人的直觉会在风险中变得敏锐 —— 我们能察觉到危险的街道，也会锁好房门。)”可知，前文一直在讲人和城市野生动物在同一个城市空间里、彼此靠近，不断产生互动。所以此处指我们凭借着彼此靠近接触来相互理解，所以猜测proximity此处表示“接近、近距离”，和closeness同义。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Cities have been described as essential to climate change solutions, but they can also raise the kinds of ecologists that will bring us into a more inclusive biological future,(城市被认为是应对气候变化方案的关键，但城市同样可以培养出一类生态学者，带领我们走向更具包容性的生物学未来，)”以及第四段“By training more biologists from urban settings, we are creating an agenda that has broader societal relevance.(通过培养更多来自城市环境的生物学家，我们正在建立和社会联系更广泛的研究方向。)”可推断，作者认为城市更容易培养出优秀的生物学家。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It’s time to take a stand Many of us sit too much. We sit at work, in the car and at home, moving only to shift from one seat to another. ____47____ So why is sitting so damaging? One thing it does is change the way our bodies process sugar, as how efficiently your body processes glucose (葡萄糖) is affected by how physically active you are. On Trust Me, I’m A Doctor, we joined forces with Dr John Buckley from the University of Chester to conduct an experiment. We asked 10 volunteers to stand for at least three hours a day for a week. Some accepted the idea, while others were worried that it would hurt their backs. A number of them felt they would not be able to stick to it. ____48____ We fitted them with accelerometers (加速度计) so we could record how much they were moving. They also wore heart rate trackers, and had glucose monitors that measured their blood sugar levels. The researchers took measurements on days when the volunteers stood, and when they sat. ____49____ As we had hoped, blood glucose levels fell back to normal after eating far more quickly on the days when the volunteers stood than when they sat. There was also evidence that by standing they were burning more calories. “If we look at the heart rates, we can see they are on average around 10 beats per minute faster when standing, and that makes a difference of about 0.7 of a calorie per minute,” Buckley said. ____50____ If you stand for three hours a day for five days, that’s an extra 750 calories burnt, or around a kilo of fat. Buckley thinks that although exercise offers many benefits, our bodies need the constant, almost imperceptible increase in muscle activity that standing provides. A. Although that doesn’t sound like much, it adds up to about 50 calories an hour. B. But they managed it. C. Small adjustments, like going to talk to a colleague rather than emailing, should help. D. When you eat some food, your body breaks it down into glucose, which floods your blood. E. There were some striking differences. F. Even if you exercise regularly, there is evidence that it will not undo the damage done by sitting for a long time. 【答案】47. F 48. B 49. E 50. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实验表明，站立比久坐更能让血糖快速恢复正常，且能燃烧更多卡路里，对健康更有益。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Many of us sit too much. We sit at work, in the car and at home, moving only to shift from one seat to another.(我们很多人坐的时间太长了。我们在工作时、乘车时以及在家时都会长时间坐着，只是偶尔会换换坐姿而已)”以及后文“So why is sitting so damaging? One thing it does is change the way our bodies process sugar, as how efficiently your body processes glucose is affected by how physically active you are.(那么，为什么久坐会如此有害呢？其中一个原因在于它改变了我们身体处理糖分的方式，因为身体对葡萄糖的处理效率会受到个人运动量的影响)”可知，上文描述久坐行为，后文与本句构成因果关系，引出长时间久坐导致损害的话题。故F选项“即使你经常锻炼，也有证据表明，长时间坐着也无法消除造成的损害”符合语境，故选F。 【48题详解】 根据上文“On Trust Me, I’m A Doctor, we joined forces with Dr John Buckley from the University of Chester to conduct an experiment. We asked 10 volunteers to stand for at least three hours a day for a week. Some accepted the idea, while others were worried that it would hurt their backs. A number of them felt they would not be able to stick to it.(在《相信我，我是医生》这一节目中，我们与切斯特大学的约翰·巴克利博士合作开展了一项实验。我们让10名志愿者每天至少站立三小时，持续一周。有些人接受了这个想法，而另一些人则担心这会损害他们的背部。其中有不少人觉得自己无法坚持下去)”可知，本句承接上文，说明那些认为自己无法坚持下去的人最终结果如何。故B选项“但他们做到了”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据上文“We fitted them with accelerometers so we could record how much they were moving. They also wore heart rate trackers, and had glucose monitors that measured their blood sugar levels. The researchers took measurements on days when the volunteers stood, and when they sat.(我们为他们安装了加速度计，以便记录他们的活动量。他们还佩戴了心率监测器，并且配备了能测量血糖水平的血糖仪。研究人员在志愿者站立和坐着的两天里都进行了测量)”以及后文“As we had hoped, blood glucose levels fell back to normal after eating far more quickly on the days when the volunteers stood than when they sat.(正如我们所希望的那样，志愿者站着吃饭的时候，血糖水平恢复正常的速度要比坐着吃饭的时候快得多。)”可知，空后对比站立和坐着时的血糖变化，本句概括实验发现，引出具体数据。故E选项“存在着一些显著的差异”符合语境，故选E。 【50题详解】 根据倒数第二段“If we look at the heart rates, we can see they are on average around 10 beats per minute faster when standing, and that makes a difference of about 0.7 of a calorie per minute(如果我们观察心率的话，就会发现站立时平均心率要比坐着时快约10次/分钟，这相当于每分钟大约多消耗0.7卡路里的热量)”以及后文“If you stand for three hours a day for five days, that’s an extra 750 calories burnt, or around a kilo of fat.(如果你每天站立三小时，持续五天，那么你就会额外消耗750卡路里，相当于约一公斤的脂肪)”可知，上文提到站立时心率加快、每分钟消耗 0.7 卡路里，本句进一步量化，与后文每周消耗750卡路里呼应。故A选项“虽然这听起来不算多，但每小时加起来却约有50卡路里的热量消耗”符合语境，故选A。 III. Summary Writing 51. How to make resolutions stick How are those New Year’s resolutions going? If you’re persisting, good for you. Many people do not. Given that the real challenge seems to be not making resolutions, but keeping them, I would like to understand more about that challenge. There is a revealing story at the end of How to Change in which Milkman and her colleague Angela Duckworth discuss the success of a large experiment. This experiment was run with a national gym chain and aimed to get people exercising more. Had it been a success? While the experimental persuasions were demonstrably effective at getting people to go to the gym during the four- week experimental period, they were far less effective at getting people to maintain their gym- going habit. If you hope for persistent results, one possible answer is persistent persuasion. There are other approaches. David Epstein, for example, had been struggling to quit his late- night snacking habit. When moving house, he simply decided that he would leave the old habit in the old house. This approach, he writes, was completely successful. Epstein also made a clear plan, something that is often missing from resolutions. Your resolutions to exercise more? Great! Where and how will you exercise, and when will you do it? It is better to sign up for a particular exercise class than for a generic gym membership, because you’ re forced to be specific about how you will achieve your goal. Another idea that has stuck in my mind is that our actions are influenced both by driving forces and by restraints -the accelerator (加速器) and the brake, if you like. When we want to move, we instinctively stamp harder on the accelerator, but we often get better results from releasing the brake. If you’re thinking of embracing a new resolution, ask yourself, “Why haven’t I been doing this already? What has been stopping me?” Answer those questions, and you might learn something that will help make your new resolution stick. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Making New Year’s resolutions stick requires persistent persuasion and specific planning. A gym experiment illustrates the challenge of maintaining new habits beyond the initial period. Like David Epstein, who quit snacking by changing his environment and planning, resolutions should target clear goals, such as joining a specific exercise class. Understanding and releasing internal restraints is also crucial for lasting change. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了如何成功坚持新年决心，并通过实验案例、个人经验和理论探讨，提供了几种可行的策略和方法。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① The real challenge of New Year’s resolutions is not making them, but keeping them. ② A large experiment with a national gym chain showed that while experimental persuasions were effective during the experimental period, they were less effective at maintaining the habit. ③ David Epstein successfully quit his late-night snacking habit by leaving the old habit in the old house and making a clear plan. ④ Resolutions should be specific, such as signing up for a particular exercise class instead of a generic gym membership. ⑤ Our actions are influenced by driving forces and restraints. To make a new resolution stick, we need to identify and release the restraints. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、4、5个要点进行整合，形成一个连贯的概述。第3个要点可以作为具体实例来支撑概述。 3.遣词造句 Making New Year’s resolutions stick requires persistent persuasion and specific planning. A gym experiment illustrates the challenge of maintaining new habits beyond the initial period. Like David Epstein, who quit snacking by changing his environment and planning, resolutions should target clear goals, such as joining a specific exercise class. Understanding and releasing internal restraints is also crucial for lasting change. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Making New Year’s resolutions stick requires persistent persuasion and specific planning.（运用了非谓语动词短语作主语） [高分句型2] Like David Epstein, who quit snacking by changing his environment and planning, resolutions should target clear goals, such as joining a specific exercise class.（运用了关系代词who引导的定语从句） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这个计划将帮助我们节省大量时间和金钱。(help) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】This plan will help us save a lot of time and money. 【解析】 【详解】“这个计划”用this plan作主语，“帮助”用动词help作谓语动词，描述将来发生的事情用一般将来时will help，“我们”用人称代词us作宾语，“节省大量时间和金钱”作宾语补足语，遵循help sb. (to) do sth.结构，此处省略不定式to，用动词原形save，a lot of time and money作save的宾语。 53. 他不仅是一位优秀的老师，还是一位著名的作家。(not only) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】He is not only an excellent teacher but also a famous writer. 【解析】 【详解】“他”用人称代词He作主语，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，“不仅是一位优秀的老师，还是一位著名的作家”使用not only...but also...并列结构作表语，“一位优秀的老师”用an excellent teacher表示，“一位著名的作家”用a famous writer表示。 54. 如果你有任何问题，请随时联系我们。(contact) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you have any questions, please contact us at any time. 【解析】 【详解】“如果你有任何问题”由if引导条件状语从句，“你”用人称代词you作从句主语，“有”用动词have作从句谓语，表述一般情况用一般现在时，“任何问题”用名词短语any questions作宾语；主句是祈使句，“联系”用动词contact作主句谓语，“我们”用人称代词us作宾语，“随时”用介词短语at any time作时间状语。 55. 她花了很多时间帮助别人，因此受到大家的尊敬。(so)（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】She spent a lot of time helping others, so she is respected by everyone. 【解析】 【详解】前半句主语为she；表示 “花了很多时间做某事”表达为spend a lot of time (in) doing sth.，发生在过去用一般过去时；表示“帮助别人”表达为help others，跟在spend后需用helping；表“因此”，连接存在因果逻辑的前后两个分句用so；后半句主语为she，表示“受到大家的尊敬”中主语“她”是“尊敬”的承受者，用被动语态，表达为be respected by everyone，陈述事实为一般现在时的被动语态。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 150-200 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校即将召开一年一度的科技节，今年科技节的主题是 “科技与生活”，校英语报就此主题向全校师生征集稿件。写一篇文章投稿，内容须包括： 1) 你认为科技是否让我们的生活更幸福；2) 你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Recent years have seen great advances in technology, which has in turn brought about changes in our life. And in my opinion, technology has indeed made our lives happier in numerous ways. Firstly, technological advancements have greatly improved communication. We can now connect with friends and family around the world through video calls and instant messaging, fostering a sense of togetherness despite physical distance. Secondly, technology has enhanced our convenience and efficiency. Tasks that used to take hours can now be completed within minutes or even seconds. From online shopping and banking to smart home devices, technology has simplified our daily routines and allowed us to spare more time for leisure and personal growth. Moreover, technology has revolutionized the field of healthcare, leading to better medical treatments and improved quality of life. Advanced medical devices, tele-medicine, and AI-driven diagnostics have significantly enhanced patient care and outcomes, increasing the overall well-being of individuals. Technology has undoubtedly brought happiness and convenience to our lives, but we need to remember that we must embrace technology responsibly. And only in this way can we harness its full potential to enhance our lives and create a happier and healthier future. 【解析】 【导语】要求考生围绕“科技与生活”阐述科技是否让生活更幸福并说明理由，投稿到校英语报。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 带来：bring about→contribute to 培养：foster→cultivate 革新：revolutionize→transform 导致：lead to→give rise to 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Technology has undoubtedly brought happiness and convenience to our lives, but we need to remember that we must embrace technology responsibly. 拓展句：Technology, which has undoubtedly brought happiness and convenience to our lives, needs us to remember that we must embrace it responsibly. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Recent years have seen great advances in technology, which has in turn brought about changes in our life.（运用which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型 2】And only in this way can we harness its full potential to enhance our lives and create a happier and healthier future.（only+状语置于句首引发部分倒装） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科5月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Don’t Wait a Year to Make Resolutions I was a heavy drinker before I gave it up. So I made a resolution. I looked in the mirror and said to myself: “It’s early evening. Drink whatever you want now, but it all ends at 11:59. We start anew tomorrow.” I am a big believer in the fresh start, which is ____1____ many of us look to on New Year’s. But I think New Year’s resolutions are pointless. We depend so much on them, and if we slip on Jan. 12, we give them up. Better luck next year. Thus I ____2____ (have) my last drink not on Dec. 31 but on a random Saturday in the spring three years ago. Random Saturdays are opportunities, though we don’t tend ____3____ (look) at them that way. We feel as if we must have everything in order in our lives, with desk ____4____ (clear) of waste papers, and pencils all sharpened and in a row, before we start writing the story. But that’s not how stories are composed or anything gets done. They ____5____ (create) in the small starts that link part to part until you have a road and you are walking down it. There are all kinds of ways to get off to a mini-start ____6____ can lead to a big end. I like to use a fresh week. Because I’m competitive and it helps motivate me, I play what I call the Week Game. On Saturday, as the week ends and ____7____ is about to begin, I look back on what I did over seven days. I wrote this many stories, published this many pieces, talked on the radio this many times, and ran this many miles. I’m awfully good at the Week Game now, and I take pride ____8____ it. For the people who wish to hold me back, I can say, “my week is your career,” and my numbers — because I start it over and over — bear it out. It gives me more energy and purpose when life is very hard. It stops me ____9____ (give) up. We feel extremely let down if we can’t get on well with New Year’s resolutions. Then you’re supposed to wait a year! That’s not going to help you, ____10____ you want to drink less or read more books. A series of constant fresh starts adds up to a life well-lived. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. genuine B. hits C. instructions D. opposed E. reports F. republished G. spread H. suggesting I. threat J. typical K. unavailable The last “uncontacted” tribe (部落)? In 2008, in order to draw attention to illegal logging on the Brazil-Peru border, the Brazilian department for indigenous groups affairs (Funai) released photos of an “uncontacted” Amazonian tribe. Funai said that the tribe was under ____11____ because of the logging. At the time some people asked if the tribe was truly “uncontacted.” The NGO Survival International said that they were confident that the photos were ____12____. The Survival International spokesman, David Hill, explained that his organization wasn’t ____13____ that the tribe had never had any contact with the outside world, but that they now lived without it. Nevertheless, the Peruvian government suggested that the story was no more than a strategy by groups ____14____ to development of the area’s resources. Fast forward two years, by which time about 50 percent of the Peruvian Amazon had been contracted to oil and gas developers. The photos were ____15____ to coincide with previously unseen footage of the tribe shown in a BBC documentary. This time, the images were viral. Survival International said the images had ____16____ across the world within minutes. Their websites had over a million ____17____ in three days. The images led to a worldwide reaction online. A(n) ____18____ post asked why nobody had done anything to save these tribes. Three days later, the Peruvian government announced that they would work with the Brazilian authorities to stop illegal logging in the area. The contractors in the area were ____19____ for comment. But as a Funai spokesperson said later, one image had had more impact than one thousand ____20____. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Journalism” came into existence when reliable information was scarce. As newspaper publishing and distribution grew, editors had to satisfy demands for ____21____ as well as entertainment. The effort to be trusted came to be the distinguishing mark of journalism. But printing technology made journalism powerful: a few people gathered sorted and ____22____ news and hoped that many people would buy it. However, three changes turned this ____23____ of public information into today’s glut (过剩): the invention of radio and television, digital technology such as email, and finally the Internet. Digital communications not only increased the amount of easily-reached information but ____24____ the power of traditional publishing. Anyone can now publish their thoughts and their books for free to a global audience. Old-fashioned print publishing by the few to the many sits ____25____ next to successful “peer-to-peer” networks. Against this background, citizen journalism’ can simply mean a wider range of ____26____. Big events that leave media organisations rushing to get to the right spots are now covered by ____27____ witnesses who send instant photos and videos from their mobile phones. Where established reporters fear to go — war zones being the obvious ____28____ — the voice of the ordinary citizen journalist may be the only believable news source. But if it is the case that anyone can be a journalist, what is journalism? Whatever the era and technology, it must surely involve an organised attempt to show what is happening, to reduce or eliminate ____29____ about what is true. Journalists still gather the basic news, but must also meet the need to give it meaning and context. We analyse news in the context of instant global conversations that can involve a handful of people or millions. The forces of change may bring down media empires that fail to adapt, but they do not ____30____ the idea of journalism. The need to know the accuracy of what they are reading or watching does not ____31____ because you have a lot of new ways of finding facts and other points of view. The nature of the news and opinion people now consume is changing: more varied, less ____32____, often like an everyday conversation. Also the way people sample and use news and opinion is changing: they dip in and out of news all day. But the business of getting accurate basic data to consumers, of building platforms that people ____33____ remains valuable work despite the changing background. Some citizen journalists make a real contribution to this; some don’t. In other words, we’re back where we started: ____34____ accuracy and honesty. The most important question ____35____ of news and opinion will ask themselves is the question they have always asked: do I trust this source to tell me something true and useful? 21. A. shock B. timeliness C. accuracy D. openness 22. A. edited B. distributed C. invented D. hid 23. A. conveyance B. shortage C. management D. supply 24. A. ignored B. enhanced C. applied D. weakened 25. A. uneasily B. unexpectedly C. confidently D. surprisingly 26. A. events B. readers C. sources D. facilities 27. A. volunteer B. amateur C. professional D. subjective 28. A. area B. factor C. effect D. example 29. A. doubt B. curiosity C. remarks D. statements 30. A. construct B. destroy C. communicate D. protect 31. A. arise B. disapprove C. disappear D. remain 32. A. shameful B. exciting C. noteworthy D. formal 33. A. trust B. introduce C. remove D. design 34. A. keeping pace with B. taking advantage of C. making judgements about D. losing control of 35. A. reporters B. consumers C. gatherers D. editors Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Of all the creatures to be found in the jungles and plains of East Africa, two of the hardest to track down must surely be producer Amanda Barrett and cameraman Owen Newman. Their present habitat, the Ngorongoro Crater, has been raining for almost six months, giving rise to a number of unforeseen problems. Newman explained that they had to invest in an expensive piece of equipment so that whenever one of their vehicles gets stuck in the mud, Amanda can pull him back to safety. His working partnership with the talented producer has created some of TV’s finest wildlife films, such as their amazing and well-received film on leopards (豹). Even while this film of one of Africa’s shyest cats was being shown, the pair were already back where they belong this time tracking that equally shy animal, the jackal. But this is nothing unusual in television partnerships. Travelling filmmakers have been constantly circling the globe, in order to point cameras at wildlife ever since the birth of television. I spoke to Newman about their partnership while he was making one of his rare and unpredictable reunions with other members of the human race at a wildlife zoo. “We do have occasional arguments but we tend to get over them fairly quickly,” he says of his colleague. Neither of them regard themselves as the leader, and he says that one of the reasons why they get on so well with each other is that they both see the animals in a similar way. “When we are on the move, we have to put up our tents each night. But this time we are operating much more of a fixed camp, and as we set out at 5 a.m. each morning, we tend to make the tea the night before and keep it warm in a vacuum flask (保温杯).” The rest of the Newman-Barrett daily diet consists of prepacked meals heated and dished out by whoever is at hand at the time. “It’s not unusual for us to be out and about for up to eight weeks at a time, so catering does cause the odd panic,” says Newman. It can be a rough existence, but the appeal of being alone in such remote areas is that we can get close enough to the animals to become part of their lives. “I remember once we were filming a family of lions and there was a lioness who would regularly go off on her own. Whenever she returned, she would go round and greet all the other members of the pride, and after a while she made a point of greeting our car as part of her round.” 36. What does the writer imply about Amanda Barrett and Owen Newman in the first paragraph? A. They are hard to get along with. B. They are always moving about. C. They like living in East Africa. D. They love studying creatures. 37. Why do Barrett and Newman get along with each other very well? A. They dislike dealing with human beings. B. They seldom have any arguments at work. C. They let one of them have the final say. D. They hold the same opinion of animals. 38. It can be concluded from the passage that Barrett and Newman are _______. A. enthusiastic travellers B. rainforest protectors C. wildlife researchers D. film makers 39. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. No one else works with Barrett and Newman. B. No hot tea is available to Barrett and Newman. C. Barrett and Newman care more about shy animals. D. Barrett and Newman find food and make meals every day. （B） This week’s problem: If I do not get into a university like Oxbridge, what can I do to level up my career playing field? — Mary, 20s. Jonathan’s answer: There is a traditional view that a degree from top universities can in itself place you on the highest career path. If your career playing field is assessed purely by salary, then the data support this view: figures for 2016-17 from the UK’s education department reveal that Oxford and Cambridge graduates have the highest median incomes of all employed graduates, five years after leaving university. In any event, it is not just university choice that affects your career outcome. In Lauren Rivera’s 2015 book, Pedigree: How Elite Students Get Elite Jobs, she reported on Wall Street firms’ recruiting practices and showed that unspoken biases apply to select people with a similar cultural fit. One of Professor Rivera’s findings was that on Wall Street, male applicants from upper-middle-class backgrounds with an interest in team sports did particularly well. Some employers are levelling the playing field, actively seeking graduates from other well-known institutions, to increase diversity and perhaps because the undergraduate courses at these institutions offer candidates advantages, including vocational elements. Other recruiters are trying out “background blind” admissions, removing from applications references to schools or universities. While there may be peer or family pressure to study at certain institutions, your long-term career success depends on more than the brand name, including what you can demonstrate in terms of technical and employability skills. Research all leading universities to decide which course would suit you best, including the content, style and intensity of teaching, and examination methods. You may also consider which institution would provide the best extracurricular opportunities. Even if Oxbridge doors close for you, other doors will open: employers will be impressed by what you do with the opportunities you actually had, not what might have been. 40. The word “biases” (in paragraph 2 in Jonathan’s Answer) most probably means ______. A. common recruiting practices B. unexpected career outcomes C. tendencies to prefer someone D. emphases on culture awareness 41. Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 in Jonathan’s Answer are intended to illustrate that ______. A. one’s career outcome is affected by more factors than his university choice B. it is better to apply to the companies that care less about educational backgrounds C. well-known institutions prefer university graduates with proper vocational training D. job applicants must provide potential employers with references to universities 42. What advice does Jonathan give Mary? A. Don’t take salary too seriously. B. Find a university that fits you best. C. Choose a vocation-oriented college. D. Don’t think too much about the future. （C） Urban settings, far from being ecological wastelands, are full of biological activity. Cities have been described as essential to climate change solutions, but they can also raise the kinds of ecologists that will bring us into a more inclusive biological future, I am a wildlife biologist from Philadelphia. In the U.S., ecology was and is predominantly conducted in rural landscapes. I stood out among my peers for not having a history of camping, fishing, hunting or hiking. I had yet to recognize that Philadelphia, with its four seasons and the large population of squirrels (松鼠), row homes and festivals, was actually my first ecological classroom. There I witnessed feral cats eating birds and rats, people driving bats away from their homes and snakes being killed by lawn owners. This is as much ecology in action as anything we witness in fields and forests. Urban wild animals exhibit various features and behaviors that set them apart from rural ones: they may be bigger, eat more diverse food sources, are active at different times of the day, move differently and have different personalities. Some biologists argue they are even “smarter.” Urban wildlife balances more risks - such as exposure to roads, chemicals and diseases from domestic animals — with rewards. Some of those rewards come from humans providing food and from the distribution of our parks and water bodies. Others, particularly for carnivores (食肉动物), are natural resources such as rodents (啮齿动物). This relationship, coupled with the landscape where nature meets people, can also dramatically influence human societies. Our interactions with nature are common. Urbanites’ intuition is sharpened by risks — we know a dangerous street, and we lock our doors. Our ability to assess threats and our awareness regarding safety influence our behaviors and choices, much as they do for urban wildlife. This interplay affords us an understanding through proximity. In our professional lives as biologists, our exposure to diverse communities in cities initiates cultural sensitivities that help to promote inclusivity. When you experience the scarcity of resources in a crowded city, you understand resource distribution at a deeply personal level. We bear witness to evolution and the wealth of nature's innovation through flowers coming out through concrete and birds eating dead bird bodies on highways. Such heterogeneity (不均质性) in cities plants unconscious seeds of appreciation for diversity, tolerance and empathy that can benefit the natural world. By training more biologists from urban settings, we are creating an agenda that has broader societal relevance. Most of the world’s population now accesses green and blue spaces, as well as wildlife, within urban neighborhoods. Nature is no longer only wilderness; it includes sounds of human laughter and trash trucks. 43. According to the writer, how does he/she differ from other wildlife biologists? A. She used to keep several wild animals as pets. B. She was born in a city with four distinctive seasons. C. She had little experience of exploring the rural areas. D. She witnessed many accidents that happened to rural wildlife. 44. According to the writer, which of the following statements is TRUE of urban wild animals? A. They are of a different ancestry from rural wild animals. B. They are often more active at night than in the daytime. C. They are more resistant to diseases than domestic animals. D. They are more likely to feed on something rural ones don’t eat at all. 45. The word “proximity” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A. productivity B. closeness C. treatment D. threat 46. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Cities tend to make better biologists B. Biologists are mostly not very tolerant. C. Resources are getting scarcer in rural areas. D. It is essential for biologists to live in urban neighborhoods. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It’s time to take a stand Many of us sit too much. We sit at work, in the car and at home, moving only to shift from one seat to another. ____47____ So why is sitting so damaging? One thing it does is change the way our bodies process sugar, as how efficiently your body processes glucose (葡萄糖) is affected by how physically active you are. On Trust Me, I’m A Doctor, we joined forces with Dr John Buckley from the University of Chester to conduct an experiment. We asked 10 volunteers to stand for at least three hours a day for a week. Some accepted the idea, while others were worried that it would hurt their backs. A number of them felt they would not be able to stick to it. ____48____ We fitted them with accelerometers (加速度计) so we could record how much they were moving. They also wore heart rate trackers, and had glucose monitors that measured their blood sugar levels. The researchers took measurements on days when the volunteers stood, and when they sat. ____49____ As we had hoped, blood glucose levels fell back to normal after eating far more quickly on the days when the volunteers stood than when they sat. There was also evidence that by standing they were burning more calories. “If we look at the heart rates, we can see they are on average around 10 beats per minute faster when standing, and that makes a difference of about 0.7 of a calorie per minute,” Buckley said. ____50____ If you stand for three hours a day for five days, that’s an extra 750 calories burnt, or around a kilo of fat. Buckley thinks that although exercise offers many benefits, our bodies need the constant, almost imperceptible increase in muscle activity that standing provides. A. Although that doesn’t sound like much, it adds up to about 50 calories an hour. B. But they managed it. C. Small adjustments, like going to talk to a colleague rather than emailing, should help. D. When you eat some food, your body breaks it down into glucose, which floods your blood. E. There were some striking differences. F. Even if you exercise regularly, there is evidence that it will not undo the damage done by sitting for a long time. III. Summary Writing 51. How to make resolutions stick How are those New Year’s resolutions going? If you’re persisting, good for you. Many people do not. Given that the real challenge seems to be not making resolutions, but keeping them, I would like to understand more about that challenge. There is a revealing story at the end of How to Change in which Milkman and her colleague Angela Duckworth discuss the success of a large experiment. This experiment was run with a national gym chain and aimed to get people exercising more. Had it been a success? While the experimental persuasions were demonstrably effective at getting people to go to the gym during the four- week experimental period, they were far less effective at getting people to maintain their gym- going habit. If you hope for persistent results, one possible answer is persistent persuasion. There are other approaches. David Epstein, for example, had been struggling to quit his late- night snacking habit. When moving house, he simply decided that he would leave the old habit in the old house. This approach, he writes, was completely successful. Epstein also made a clear plan, something that is often missing from resolutions. Your resolutions to exercise more? Great! Where and how will you exercise, and when will you do it? It is better to sign up for a particular exercise class than for a generic gym membership, because you’ re forced to be specific about how you will achieve your goal. Another idea that has stuck in my mind is that our actions are influenced both by driving forces and by restraints -the accelerator (加速器) and the brake, if you like. When we want to move, we instinctively stamp harder on the accelerator, but we often get better results from releasing the brake. If you’re thinking of embracing a new resolution, ask yourself, “Why haven’t I been doing this already? What has been stopping me?” Answer those questions, and you might learn something that will help make your new resolution stick. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这个计划将帮助我们节省大量时间和金钱。(help) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________ 53. 他不仅是一位优秀的老师，还是一位著名的作家。(not only) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________ 54. 如果你有任何问题，请随时联系我们。(contact) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________ 55. 她花了很多时间帮助别人，因此受到大家的尊敬。(so)（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 150-200 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校即将召开一年一度的科技节，今年科技节的主题是 “科技与生活”，校英语报就此主题向全校师生征集稿件。写一篇文章投稿，内容须包括： 1) 你认为科技是否让我们的生活更幸福；2) 你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $