上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高三年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. to 2. that 3. how 4. were divided 5. containing 6. made 7. more brightly 8. wonder 9. may 10. Since/As/Because Section B 11. F 12. A 13. J 14. C 15. I 16. E 17. H 18. G 19. K 20. B II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B Section B 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A Section C 47. F 48. C 49. D 50. B III. Summary Writing 51. Liz Bonnin, a BBC presenter, leaves her plastic packaging at the retailers to reveal the overuse of plastics. She no longer uses plastic products, believing we can make a difference by changing our habits. Plastics are dangerous to the environment and our health. Liz maintains that our environment is in greater danger, for which humans’ desire is to blame. IV. Translation 52. The sand here is not nearly as soft as I imagined. 53. The best way to save money is to get out of the cities and head into nature. 54. After just one night without sleep, not only is your memory affected, but your ability to solve problems will decline. 55. Although this work of art can’t compare with the other items in the museum in how delicate it is, its value lies in the material it is made of. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Editor, New Year's resolutions are notoriously difficult to keep, but my resolution to read for at least thirty minutes daily is one that I have successfully maintained. This positive habit has significantly broadened my horizons. Initially, I encountered various obstacles. The demands of my heavy academic workload often left me exhausted, making me vulnerable to the temptations of digital entertainment and procrastination. What propelled me to persevere was the establishment of a sustainable routine and the tangible progress I made. By tracking my reading time in a journal, I cultivated a strong sense of self-discipline and derived immense satisfaction from my achievements. In conclusion, the key to my success lies in consistent self-discipline and the intrinsic joy derived from the activity. I firmly believe that perseverance is the cornerstone of personal growth. Yours, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Our brains are tuned to hear music Human brains are uniquely suited to hearing music, a new study suggests. Compared to macaque monkeys, humans respond much more strongly to sounds with a musical pitch (音高), and prefer those 1          sounds without a pitch. The team, based at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Maryland, US, studied the differences in how humans and macaques hear the world. "We found that a certain region of our brains has a stronger preference for sounds with pitch than macaque monkey brains," said senior author Dr Bevil Conway. The area of the brain 2          processes sounds is called the auditory cortex. By studying the activity of the auditory cortex in a brain scan, the team could measure 3          strongly the brain responded to certain sounds. The sounds 4          (divide) into two types: noise without pitch, and pitch without noise. Specifically, 'noise' is a sound 5          (contain) lots of different frequencies within a particular range, like the sound of an untuned radio. Regular human speech and macaque calls have both a pitch and a noise component. To compare how humans and macaques responded to each type of sound, the team first played the participants a series of pure tones followed by a series of noises 6          (make) up of similar frequencies. In humans, the auditory cortex lit up much 7          (brightly) when the tones were played, compared to the noises. However, macaques showed barely any difference in how they responded to these two sounds. "These results suggest the macaque monkey may experience music and other sounds differently," said Conway. "In contrast, the macaque's experience of the visual world is probably very similar to our own. It makes one 8          (wonder) what kind of sounds our evolutionary ancestors experienced. The results raise the possibility that these sounds, which are embedded in speech and music, 9          have shaped the basic organisation of the human brain. 10          we rely so heavily on speech to communicate, and music is culturally important, our brains evolved to accommodate these." Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. broadened B. completely C. comprehensive D. concerned E. consistent F. expansion G. involved H. limitation I. predicted J. sociality K. ultimately Sea Smarts Killer whales have group-specific dialects, sperm whales babysit one another's young and bottlenose dolphins cooperate with other species. These social skills are all closely linked with their brain sizes, according to a recent study. Scientists first proposed a relation between social living and brain 11          nearly three decades ago, when they observed that primate (灵长类) species with larger brains typically lived in bigger groups. This theory was later 12          to associate brain size with other social characteristics, such as resolving conflicts and distributing food. Michael Muthukrishna, an economic psychologist at the London School of Economics, and his colleagues went searching for a similar link between big brains and 13          in cetaceans (鲸目动物). They collected a(n) 14          data set of cetacean brain and body mass, group size and social characteristics. The team's analyses, which covered 90 species, revealed that brain size was best 15          by a score based on various social behaviors such as cooperation with other species, group hunting and complex vocalizations. Bigger brains were also linked to other factors, including dietary richness and geographical range. The authors say these results are 16          with theories that cetaceans developed large brains to deal with the challenges of living in information-rich social environments. Yet Muthukrishna notes that his study's main 17          is the lack of available research on many cetacean species. Discovering more about whales and dolphins could reveal that other factors—such as life span and the duration of the young-age phase—might also be 18          in brain size, he adds. Understanding how cetaceans developed such big brains could 19          help us piece together humanity's own evolutionary history. Because these animals occupy a(n) 20          different environment than people do, Muthukrishna says, "they provide us with a useful control group for testing hypotheses (假设) about human evolution." II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The spread of mindfulness has been little short of remarkable. Originating in Buddhist practices that date back over 2,000 years, it was relatively 21          in the West until just a few years ago and practised only by a handful of enthusiasts. Recently, however, it has emerged as a multi-billion dollar industry and has been accepted by everyone from celebrities and business leaders to doctors and parents. So what exactly is mindfulness and how is it supposed to work? Well, 22          it's a meditation therapy (冥想疗法) designed to train people to focus fully on inner processes occurring in the here and now. Evidence is slowly mounting of its 23          to solve a range of health problems. For instance, it's been claimed that it can break the cycle of depression and anxiety. People suffering from depression often find their negative moods are accompanied by negative thoughts. While these thoughts usually disappear once the episode has passed or once medication has been prescribed (开方), a (n) 24          between the various symptoms has nevertheless been established in the brain. As a result, a mood change caused by something unimportant such as bad weather can cause the symptoms, 25          a re-occurrence of depression. The more this happens, the more likely it is to re-occur, making the problem more 26          to drug treatment. Mindfulness-based therapies encourage sufferers to break this downward tendency by 27          these patterns of thought and then focusing their minds on the present instead of the past or future. This can also bring about 28          benefits too: the heart beats slower, muscles loosen and even brain structure may possibly be altered. Mindfulness is believed to stimulate new neural connections and studies have shown that the areas of the brain associated with the regulation of 29          are bigger in those who regularly practise meditation. The spread of mindfulness shows the 30          many Western health professionals take in Eastern practices. Thanks to western medicine, during the 20th century, life expectancy doubled in developed countries and many infectious diseases disappeared. However, while death may have been 31         , many are now living longer not in health but in sickness. Western medical practice is often less 32          at dealing with long-term illness and general well-being. Unless you are in terrible pain or have something life threatening, Western doctors often have little to offer. 33         , many dismiss patients with low-level complaints as 'the worried well'. Eastern medicine such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), on the other hand, is more focused on maintaining good health. TCM is underpinned by a 34          that stresses harmony between mind, body and the environment. It aims to 'rebalance' patients and unblock natural energy flows called 'chi', and is apparently more 35          in relieving more minor conditions such as eczema, back pain and migraines. 21. A. straightforward B. expensive C. unknown D. unlimited 22. A. as a result B. after all C. in essence D. in other words 23. A. failure B. opposition C. willingness D. potential 24. A. association B. distinction C. similarity D. interval 25. A. resulting from B. relying on C. leading to D. consisting in 26. A. available B. resistant C. sensitive D. dangerous 27. A. noticing B. setting C. matching D. choosing 28. A. social B. physical C. mutual D. neutral 29. A. emotions B. activities C. securities D. appetites 30. A. charge B. interest C. risk D. pride 31. A. hated B. explored C. delayed D. sensed 32. A. mysterious B. defensive C. standard D. effective 33. A. Nevertheless B. Unusually C. Additionally D. Indeed 34. A. philosophy B. process C. situation D. coincidence 35. A. present B. successful C. different D. rare Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） I am chocolate, and have always been, a symbol of love, richness, and joy. Lucky kids wear me across their mouths and on their fingertips as a sign of ultimate childhood satisfaction. I'm the Valentine's Day gift for celebrating romance. But prepare for your chocolate-loving hearts to break just a bit, folks. My life story is not entirely sweet. I am native to the equatorial regions of the Americas and have been around for several thousand years. I come from a small evergreen tree that grows football-shaped pods--not on its branches, like most fruit trees, but on the trunk. The pods have leathery skins that cover a sweet-sour flesh and house roughly 40 seeds each. I was likely first grown 5,000 years ago in current-day Ecuador -- for something like wine. (Yes, my flesh can be made into an alcoholic drink.) But soon enough, my seeds--cacao beans--became the forever focus. The Mayans, among others, made them into cocoa flour and mixed with water to make a drink. One early European colonizer who tasted the mix said I was "more a drink for pigs than a drink for humanity." In time, he grew to enjoy the drink, eating his words as noblemen across Europe took to drinking a similar mixture made with rose water, egg yolks, or almonds. Beyond satisfying the early human sweet tooth, cacao beans have turned out to be full of compounds, like fiber, antioxidants, monounsaturated fat, and flavanols, which 21st-century humans know are important to overall health. To be perfectly honest, however, I didn't really become a treat for the masses as a result of technology. To this day, I am a product of labor and hardship. Since my pods ripen at irregular times and are attached to my tree by a delicate stem that would be damaged by a machine, all my harvesting and processing must be done by hand. Much of the mass-market chocolate you buy at the grocers is produced by the more than 2 million 12-to-18-year-old West African children who travel alone across borders to labor, often not paid at all, for cacao farmers in Ivory Coast and Ghana, the biggest chocolate-growing countries in the world. If you've lost your sweet tooth at the thought of this background, there are ways to consume me with a freer conscience. Look for labels on chocolate that indicate ethical labor standards. 36. Which of the following statements is true of chocolate? A. The pods grew on the tree branches. B. Only the flesh was made into a drink at first. C. People loved it because of the shape of the pods. D. It was European colonizers who brought it to America. 37. What does the phrase "eating his words" (paragraph 3) most probably mean? A. admitting he was wrong B. predicting what would happen C. promising he would take action D. finding an excuse for his behaviour 38. What does the writer imply about the production of chocolate? A. Technology has raised its production efficiency. B. Cacao farmers depend on the weather for the harvest. C. Much of chocolate is still produced in an unethical way. D. New machinery has been developed to produce chocolate. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Sweet, But with a Dark Side B. Exploring the Health Benefits of Cocoa C. The Art and Science of Chocolate's Production D. A Sweet Affair with Irresistible Temptation （B） Ancient Greek pottery is one of our most important windows into ancient Greek life. Thousands of vases survive, painted with scenes from daily life, myths and sports. These vases were not made as museum pieces. They were ordinary objects used for drinking wine, storing oil or mixing water. Yet their paintings tell us far more than written texts about how ordinary people lived 2,500 years ago. In ancient Greece, pottery-making was a major craft. Workshops were usually small family businesses. Men shaped the clay on the potter's wheel. Women sometimes painted the vases, though most painters were men. Some painters signed their work. Most did not. Many beautiful pots were produced for everyday use. Others were made as grave gifts, prizes for sports competitions or wedding presents. There are two main styles of painted Greek pottery: black-figure and red-figure. In black-figure style, figures are painted in black slip on the red clay surface. Details are cut into the black paint with a sharp tool. In red-figure style, the background is painted black, and the figures are left showing the natural red colour of the clay. Artists could draw much finer details with red-figure technique, so this style gradually became more popular. For modern researchers, these pots are precious evidence. Writers in ancient Greece mostly came from wealthy, educated male backgrounds. Their books often focus on upper-class men's politics and wars. Pottery, by contrast, shows women, children, slaves and working-class people going about their daily activities. We can see weaving, cooking, farming, sports and religious ceremonies. Of course, we must be careful. Pottery painters were artists, not documentary photographers. They might exaggerate or omit details. But even with these limitations, ancient Greek pottery remains an invaluable source for understanding the past. 40. What was the original purpose of most ancient Greek pottery vases? A. To serve as practical daily-use objects. B. To be exhibited in public museums. C. To record important historical events. D. To win competitions for painters. 41. Compared with black-figure style, red-figure pottery ______. A. was mostly painted by women artists B. allowed artists to paint more detailed pictures C. used black clay as the main material D. was mainly used as grave gifts 42. Why are ancient Greek pots so valuable for modern researchers? A. Most of them have clear painter signatures. B. They only record the life of upper-class males. C. They show the lives of various groups of ancient Greeks. D. They are completely reliable documentary records of real life. （C） The human sense of smell is weaker than sight. And the relative weakness of smell extends to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to odours (气味). Some people suggest it is very likely a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words useful to their speakers. A study by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands supports this. Dr Majid knew from previous work she had done that the Jahai, a group of hunter-gatherers who live in western Malaysia, are remarkably good at naming odours. For example, when she asked some Jahai, and also a comparable group of American volunteers, to name colours and odours they were presented with, the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colours but agreed much less when putting names to odours. Jahai answers, in contrast, were in equal agreement about both odours and colours. Dr Majid suggested that it might, in part, be because the Jahai have a dozen words dedicated to describing different sorts of smells in the abstract. To test how important someone's way of life is to his or her use of abstract words for smells, Dr Majid looked at how two other groups of people used terms for colours and odours. These were the Semaq Beri, who also hunt and gather for a living, and the Semelai, who cultivate rice. Crucially, although these two peoples make their livings in different ways, their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest. Dr Majid asked 20 Semaq Beri and 21 Semelai to name odours and colours presented to them at random. The colours were on 80 differently coloured cards; the odours on 16 variously scented (有香味的) sticks. The researcher found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for odours 85% of the time—about as often as they did for colours, which was 80%. The Semelai also used abstract colour descriptions at a similar rate, namely 78% of the time. But when it came to describing odours they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while resorting to analogies, such as "banana-like" and "chocolate-like", 56% of the time. Moreover, as with Dr Majid's earlier study with the Jahai, the Semaq Beri more frequently agreed with one another about naming odours than did the Semelai. Given these findings, Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is crucial to applying abstract names to odours. The business of surviving by eating what the forest has to offer requires more use of the nose than is needed for farming. 43. What does the pronoun "this" (in the last sentence of paragraph 1) refer to? A. More words should be coined to name odours. B. Human beings have a weaker sense of smell than sight. C. Languages tend to contain fewer words unrelated to culture. D. As smells matter little, most languages have few words for them. 44. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the Americans agreed less on the names of odours partly because A. they had not been given proper training before the test B. colours are in most cases easier to tell apart than odours C. there are not many English words distinctively for odours D. they were too sensitive to odours to name them correctly 45. What can be learned about the Semaq Beri and the Semelai concerning their performance in the study? A. The former used fewer terms for odours than for colours. B. The latter often turned to other items to describe odours precisely. C. The former seldom agreed with each other about naming odours. D. The latter revealed a less advanced language system. 46. What is the conclusion that Dr Majid drew from her research involving the Semaq Beri and the Semelai? A. The use of abstract terms for odours is related to people's lifestyle. B. Living in the forest requires more use of the nose than living on the farm. C. The business of surviving varies greatly from one tribe to another. D. It is people's way of life that decides what language they speak. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Messy Facts about Diet and Inflammation A. Inflammation, though, is an essential part of healing. B. And context matters. C. That's why researchers such as Morris prefer to study overall dietary patterns rather than particular ingredients. D. The underlying science, however, is somewhat shaky. E. When inflammation becomes long-term or systemic, there's a price to pay. F. That diet has been shown in well-designed studies to reduce key markers of inflammation and the risk of heart disease. Hop on the Internet or visit a bookstore, and you will see numerous "anti-inflammatory" diets, dishing out recipes and hope. Sure, plenty of foods have been found to reduce inflammation--many of them in laboratory experiments as opposed to in people: turmeric, blueberries, tea, various vegetables, fish. University of South Carolina professors James and Nitin Shivappa surveyed 1,943 such studies and published in 2014 a Dietary Inflammatory Index, with 45 food elements. They created it as a research tool for evaluating diets, but it's built from studies that varied widely in methodology. When I asked Ridker his views on anti-inflammatory diets, he grew uneasy. "This has caught on like wildfire," he says, "but I have seen extremely little data that say this piece of food is 'anti-inflammatory' and this piece is not." He advises his own patients to eat a Mediterranean-type diet, heavy on vegetables, whole grains and fish and light on red meat and processed foods. 47          Would it be even more effective if it incorporated more blueberries and turmeric? No one knows for sure. Diet research is tricky. Some food, like turmeric, may work anti-inflammatory wonders for mice, but "that's in the context of them eating with a whole different set of nutrients," explains Martha Clare Morris, a nutritional epidemiologist at Chicago's Rush University. The typical Mediterranean diet calls for loads of seafood a week, and yet studies of people taking fish oils as a supplement have not found much benefit. The virtues of fish may lie elsewhere or have more to do with displacing meat. 48          A current project examines whether cognitive decline can be slowed with a diet called the MIND, which combines elements of the Mediterranean diet with another well-studied diet called DASH. It will look at inflammation, but results won't be out soon. Until then, there is no harm in adding more so-called anti-inflammatory ingredients to your diet. 49          Morris suggests a spicy tea (loaded with ginger, turmeric and pepper). But remember, 50         ! So don't drink it with cookies and chips. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Leave your plastic wrapping at the tills, urges BBC presenter A television wildlife presenter takes all the plastic off her shopping and leaves it at supermarket tills (收银台) to highlight the overuse of packaging. Liz Bonnin, a biologist who presented the BBC One documentary Drowning in Plastic, makes a point of leaving the packaging behind every time she shops so that retailers (零售店) are full of plastic bags and encouraged to change how they pack products. She has also given up using plastic products and will only drink coffee if it is in a reusable cup. In an interview with Saga magazine, Bonnin, 44, said that if people changed their habits they could force retailers to change their ways. "Supermarkets are obliged to take plastic wrapping from customers," she said, "If retailers get covered with all our plastic packaging, they will implement change. We have to change our habits, I will never again buy water in a plastic bottle." Britain's supermarkets produce more than 59 billion pieces of plastic packaging a year, a Greenpeace report found. Bonnin said that most plastics found in the ocean are ingested by species and enter our food chain. Scientists are increasingly concerned about the impact this has on humans. Bonnin started her career at the Irish broadcaster RTE before presenting science and natural history programmes for the BBC, including Big Blue Live and Bang Goes the Theory. "I wish I could be presenting nothing but beautiful programmes about animals, but instead I'm presenting hard-hitting environmental films," she said. "We have no more time." People's focus on "financial gain and economic growth" has pushed us into an unsustainable society, she believes. She said: "The three biggest environmental threats are plastic pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss. They are all interconnected and share the same root cause: our appetite for consumption." IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这里的沙子远没有我想象中的那么细软。(nearly) 53. 最省钱的方法就是离开大都市，到大自然中去。(head) 54. 只要一夜不睡，不仅你的记忆力受到影响，解决问题的能力也会衰退。(not only) 55. 虽然这件艺术品的精美程度无法与博物馆内的其他物品相提并论，但它的价值在于它所使用的材料。(compare) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，在你校英语报读到如下的征文启事。 你一定曾在新年伊始许下 "新年计划 (New Year's Resolution)", 其中必定有半途而废，也有坚持到底。请通过邮件 (发至nyr@233.com) 来和我们聊聊你们的新年计划吧！ 你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封邮件投稿，内容须包括: 叙述你曾经半途而废或坚持到底的某个新年计划； 解释导致你半途而废或促使你坚持到底的原因。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $