上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高三年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. having identified 2. their 3. the 4. To investigate 5. needed 6. in 7. lacking 8. As long as 9. if/whether 10. developed Section B 11. B 12. F 13. E 14. K 15. G 16. A 17. H 18. C 19. J 20. D II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A Section B 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. B 40. B 41. B 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. A Section C 47. E 48. C 49. D 50. F III. Summary Writing 51. An APA study shows that boredom is common and can lead to depression and anxiety. Instead of a personal weakness, boredom is a result of hedonic adaptation, where we gradually get used to things. While it helps us adapt to changes, neglecting positive experiences can be harmful. Meanwhile, boredom allows us to recognize new and potentially rewarding or threatening situations. IV. Translation 52. The two young people differ in their preferences for outdoor activities. 53. We need to make up for the schoolwork we missed last week due to sick leave. 54. As long as there is no damage to ecological functions, we allow limited human activities. 55. Researchers should be careful with their data analysis to ensure valid and reliable results, rather than relying on whatever information is available. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear editor, Whenever I pack for a journey, there is one electronic device that I absolutely cannot leave behind: my smartphone. This technological marvel has completely revolutionized the way we travel. First and foremost, a smartphone serves as an indispensable navigational tool. With integrated GPS and various map applications, it eliminates the anxiety of getting lost in unfamiliar territories. It enables travelers to locate transportation hubs, discover local restaurants, and navigate through complex city streets effortlessly. Secondly, the smartphone ensures our safety and seamless communication. In case of emergencies, we can contact our families or local authorities instantly. Moreover, translation apps bridge linguistic barriers, allowing us to communicate with locals in foreign countries without much hassle. Finally, it acts as a portable entertainment and recording center. We can capture breathtaking landscapes with its high-resolution camera, or listen to music to alleviate the fatigue of a long journey. Truly, a smartphone is an indispensable companion for modern travelers. Yours, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Turn Back the Clock on Ageing Imagine if we could turn back time. A team 1          (identify) a new way in which cells age has also reversed it, giving old mice younger bodies. One way our cells produce energy is through aerobic respiration (有氧呼吸). This takes place mainly in mitochondria—the powerhouses of cells. While mitochondria carry 2          own genomes, some cellular components (成分) necessary for respiration are produced by the nucleus (原子核), so 3          two must work together efficiently. As we age, mitochondrial function declines, which can lead to disease. 4          (investigate) why, Ana Gomos at Harvard Medical School and her colleagues compared levels of messenger RNA—molecules that convey genetic information around a cell—for the cellular components 5          (need) for respiration in the muscle of 6- and 22-month-old mice. Levels of mRNA in the nucleus were similar 6          young and old mice, while levels in the mitochondria decreased with age. Similar changes were seen in mice 7          (lack) a protein called SIRT1. These mice also had higher levels of a protein produced by the nucleus called HIF-1-alpha. This suggests that communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria depends on events involving both these proteins. 8          SIRT1 levels remain high, this type of ageing is impossible. But SIRT1 levels are controlled by another molecule called NAD+, and crucially that declines with age, leading to a breakdown in communication. To see 9          they could fix this breakdown, the team injected the old mice twice daily for a week with a molecule known to increase NAD+. At the end of the week, the mice 10          (develop) a muscle type common in 6-month-old mice. "It gives us a new pathway to target that can reverse some aspects of ageing," says Gomos. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. acknowledged B. celebrate C. competition D. creature E. endure F. individual G. named H. odds I. prejudice J. relative K. underdeveloped Animal Olympics Athleticism, speed, strength, power, endurance: Humans 11          these qualities in such events as the Olympic Games. In the animal kingdom, however, these qualities are necessary for the welfare and survival of the 12          and society. Marathon The Olympic Marathon, covering a distance of 26 miles, doesn't come close to the marathons some animals 13         . Take the Arctic tern, for instance. If migrates between the North and South Poles, covering a distance of as much as 30,000 miles each and every year. Some birds spend long durations, even most of their lives, in flight. Swifts, for example, have very 14          legs and live almost entirely on the wing. Some seabirds, such as the sooty tern, fly for years without landing. The wandering albatross is 15          for its ability to fly thousands of miles on feeding trips. Diving The sperm whale is generally 16          to be the deepest diving mammal, but the northern bottlenose whale is not far behind. The sperm whale is known to dive a mile (5,280 feet) or deeper and to stay under for duration over two hours. The bottlenose is said to dive at least 5,000 feet and is also able to remain underwater for two hours. If the two were competing in an Olympic event, the 17          would be about even. There is little 18          for the deepest diving bird: it is the emperor penguin, which can dive to a depth of 1,770 feet. Outside of the penguin family, the thick-billed murre may be one of the emperor's nearest competitors; it is thought to dive to 600-700 feet. Weightlifting No animal on earth can lift as much weight as the African elephant, which can pick up a one-ton weight with its trunk. However, 19          to body size, the elephant doesn't even come close to the strongest animal on earth. What is it? The rhinoceros beetle. This rather strange-looking little 20          can transport objects weighing 850 times its own body weight. The elephant, carrying only one fourth of its body weight, isn't even close in this contest. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Curiosity feels as if it's outside your control. Trying to direct it sounds as 21          as forcing yourself to find a joke funny. But if you understand what 22          curiosity, you may be able to channel it a little better. Across evolutionary time, curious animals were more likely to survive because they learned about their environments; a forager (觅食者) that occasionally 23          a reliable feeding ground to explore might find an even better place to eat. Humans, too, will give up a known reward to 24          the unknown. In one experiment, subjects were asked to choose one of four photos, each carrying some chance of paying a cash prize. Photos repeated, so subjects learned to pick the best-paying, but when a novel photo popped up, they chose it more often than the odds suggested they should. This 25          for novelty is, of course, the reason manufacturers periodically change product packaging and advertising. But it's good to know about your environment even if it doesn't promise a reward. 26          knowledge may be useless today but vital next week. 27         , evolution has left us with a brain that can reward itself; satisfying curiosity feels pleasurable, so you explore the environment even when you don't expect any real 28         . Infants prefer to look at novel pictures compared with familiar ones. Preschoolers play longer with a mechanical toy if it's 29          to figure out how it works. What's more, curiosity doesn't just 30          new opportunities for learning; it enhances learning itself. In a recent experiment, subjects read trivia (益智的) questions and rated how curious each made them feel. Later, they saw the questions again, each followed by a photograph of a face, and judged whether that person looked as if he or she would know the answer. In a surprise final memory test for the faces, subjects better 31          those appearing after trivia questions that made them curious. Curiosity causes a brain state that enhances learning. This function of curiosity—to 32          memory—is the key to understanding why we're curious about some things and not others. We feel most curious when exploration will 33          the most learning. Suppose I ask you, "What's the most common type of star in the Milky Way?" You'll obviously feel no curiosity if you already know the answer. But you'll also feel little interest if you know nothing about stars; if you learned the answer, you couldn't 34          it other knowledge, so it would seem nearly pointless. We're 35          curious when we sense that the environment offers new information in the right proportion to add to what we already know. 21. A. meaningless B. harmless C. endless D. painless 22. A. displays B. inspires C. discourages D. complicates 23. A. skipped B. measured C. reached D. shared 24. A. astonish B. produce C. investigate D. predict 25. A. information B. preference C. technique D. analysis 26. A. at all B. in the end C. in secret D. right now 27. A. However B. Comparatively C. Therefore D. Otherwise 28. A. evidence B. change C. pleasure D. payoff 29. A. possible B. dangerous C. natural D. difficult 30. A. restrict B. adjust C. ensure D. evaluate 31. A. remembered B. posed C. illustrated D. forgot 32. A. compare B. test C. understand D. heighten 33. A. take over B. put off C. lead to D. rely on 34. A. leave B. connect C. return D. present 35. A. maximally B. originally C. unnecessarily D. separately Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Sometimes a stranger can significantly improve our day. A pleasant encounter with someone we don't know, even a nonverbal exchange, can comfort us when no one else is around. It may get us out of our own heads--a proven mood booster-and help broaden our perspective. "People feel more connected when they talk to strangers, like they are part of something bigger," says Gillian Sandstrom, a psychologist and senior lecturer at the University of Essex who studies interactions between strangers. In research studies, Sandstrom has found that people's moods improve after they have a conversation with a stranger--say, a Starbucks barista, a volunteer at a museum, or the person next to them in line. Overall, people report that they are happier on days when they have more interactions with acquaintances (泛泛之交) they don't know well. And yet most of us resist talking to people we don't know or barely know. We feel upset about the mechanics of the conversation-how to start, maintain, or stop it. We think we will blather on and disclose too much, or not talk enough. We worry we will bore the other person. We're typically wrong. Sandstrom's research shows that people underestimate how much another person will like them when they talk for the first time. In a study in which she asked participants to talk to at least one stranger a day for five days, 99 percent said they had found at least one of the exchanges pleasantly surprising, 82 percent said they'd learned something from one of the strangers, 43 percent had exchanged contact information, and 40 percent had communicated with one of the strangers again. Scientists believe there may be an ancient reason why humans are able to enjoy interacting with strangers. To survive as a species, we need to mate outside our own gene pool, so we may have evolved to have both the social skills and the motivation to be with people who are not in our tribe. You don't even have to talk to complete strangers to reap the benefits. Multiple studies show that people who interact regularly with passing acquaintances or who engage with others through community groups, religious gatherings, or volunteer opportunities have better emotional and physical health and live longer than those who do not. 36. According to the passage, most people are____ to talk with strangers. A. disappointed B. eager C. relieved D. unwilling 37. The figures in paragraph 5 are meant to illustrate that____ A. people feel better than expected after talking with strangers B. people may disclose too much if they communicate with strangers C. people should leave a good impression while talking with strangers D. people underestimate their ability to start a conversation with strangers 38. According to the passage, which statement are scientists most likely to agree with? A. Our social skills are declining with evolution. B. We enjoy interacting with strangers by nature. C. We prefer to communicate with strangers non-verbally. D. Our motivation to interact with strangers varies across cultures. 39. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. Strangers are kinder than we think. B. Random interactions can be meaningful. C. We should be careful when talking with strangers. D. Interactions with acquaintances may not benefit us. （B） The Dirt on Organic Farming People assume that organic products come from small family farms, but many of the foods labeled organic in supermarkets are actually produced by large corporations. Big or small, a farm must follow the same rules to be certified organic: fertilizing (施肥) soil with natural substances, planting with organic seeds, rotating crops to protect soil, and allowing animals to graze (放牧). Using pesticides (杀虫剂) isn't completely forbidden on an organic farm. "There are about 25 chemicals that have been approved for use," says Jessica Shade, PhD, director of science programs at the Organic Center in Washington, DC. "But before organic farmers even use those 25, they have to prove that they have used every other method possible." While it may seem that there are all-natural farms everywhere these days, less than 1 percent of the 911 million acres of farmland in the United States are certified organic, according to the Pew Research Center. We know it's good for our health, but eating organic is costly. Organic produce carries a premium of 10 to 30 percent. Fortunately, a study has shown that the risk of ingesting pesticides is relatively low with certain foods, primarily because their thicker skins or outer covering protect us. At the top of the Environmental Working Group's "Clean 15" list: avocados and sweet corn, with less than 1 percent of the samples showing any pesticide residue. Organic farming isn't just about feeding you. According to Statista, pet owners will spend $6.8 billion on organic food for their dogs and cats this year, more than double than a decade ago. But listen, animal lovers: Foods marked "natural" do not carry the same requirement as those that are certified organic. 40. What is the passage mainly intended to do? A. To introduce the history of organic farming. B. To make clear some facts concerning organic products. C. To persuade readers to be careful with organic products. D. To correct people's misunderstanding of organic farming. 41. What can be learned about the use of pesticides in organic farming from the passage? A. No pesticides are allowed to be used in organic farming. B. Some pesticides can be used only if no better method is available. C. Organic farmers are beginning to appeal for the use of pesticides. D. Only 25 chemicals are not included in the approved list for organic farming. 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Most organic farms are small family farms. B. Organic food for pets are often just labeled as "natural". C. In no case is non-organic produce better than organic produce. D. Only a small part of farmland in the US is devoted to organic farming. （C） Researchers and policy makers have long studied pilot schemes (方案) such as public health initiatives or innovative schools. They find the phenomenon of the pilot delivering satisfying results, only to fade at a larger scale. This depressing tendency was called "voltage drop" by the psychiatrist Amy Kilbourne and her coworkers in 2007. The economist John List has been exploring the cause of this voltage drop, first in a 2019 paper with Omar Al-Ubaydli and Dana Suskind, then in a recent book, The Voltage Effect. So why does the voltage drop for so many promising ideas? One common problem is that the original effect was not real. Consider a famous experiment, conducted over 20 years ago by psychologists Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper, in which customers in a high-end supermarket were offered free samples of jam from a choice of either six or 24 flavours. The wider choice was dramatically de-motivating. Ten times as many people bought jam after being shown the smaller range. It is one of the most famous results in psychology, it has also proved rather difficult to repeat in follow-up experiments. Perhaps the effect is completely nonexistent, or perhaps the effect exists but with nothing like the force exhibited in the original experiment. Does anyone seriously believe your local supermarket would sell 10 times as much produce if only it simplified its product line? Another source of voltage drop is when the original effect does not generalize beyond unusual circumstances. My favourite example is the Arch Deluxe, a hamburger launched by McDonald's in 1996 with a marketing fanfare. The fast-food giant had every reason to expect success, because focus groups loved the Arch Deluxe's bakery-style rolls, peppered bacon and stoneground mustard-mayo dressing. The problem, says List, is that the focus group enthusiasts were not a good guide to the attitude of the typical consumer: "A person who signs up to take part in a McDonald's focus group is probably someone who is crazy about McDonald's or loves all kinds of burgers, or both. But the average person, it turns out, goes to McDonald's for the Big Mac, not a fancier version of one." Even if the idea is real, and generalises to a wide audience, it may be difficult to repeat the performance once it ventures beyond the control of the original creative team. A pilot school may work well, but it is easier to hire 20 good teachers than 20,000. A brilliant chef can work in only one kitchen at a time. 43. Which of the following statements best describes "voltage drop"? A. A scheme has been piloted before being really carried out. B. A scheme serves its intended purpose well on a large scale. C. A scheme works well when tested but fails when launched. D. A scheme like a health initiative is designed for a group of people. 44. What does the writer imply about the experiment conducted by Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper? A. It lasted too long a time. B. Its conclusion may not be reliable. C. Its follow-up experiments showed opposite results. D. It discouraged people from going to the supermarket. 45. The example of the Arch Deluxe is used in the passage in order to explain A. why the creativity of an idea matters a lot B. why an idea may not generalise to a larger group C. why McDonald's is not popular with average people D. why the attitude of the typical consumer varies 46. The passage talks mainly about A. why some great ideas fail B. how to avoid voltage drop C. how to make a workable plan D. why experimentation is important Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Internet's Largest Encyclopaedia (百科全书) A. It has 1.5 million entries in seventy-six languages - and counting. B. The wide-open nature of the Internet encourages people to disregard the importance of professionalism. C. They know you could confirm anything you like by adding it yourself. D. You then use them to set up a website that can be edited by anyone you like. E. 'Oh,' they write, 'you've got a major security issue.' F. Spend enough time talking to Wales and you'll believe his life has been one long series of laughter. Being the founder of the Internet's largest encyclopaedia means Jimmy Wales gets a lot of strange emails. But the emails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who've just discovered they have total freedom to edit a Wikipedia entry at the click of a button. 47          Wikipedia is a free open-source encyclopaedia, which basically means that anyone can log on and add to it or edit it. And they do. Academics are upset. 48 ______ An Encyclopaedia Britannica editor once compared Wikipedia to a public toilet seat because you don't know who used it last. Loyal users claim that cooperation improves articles over time. But what exactly is a wiki and how does it work? Wikis are simple pieces of software that you can download for free. 49          Need to solve a business problem overnight and all the members of your team are in different time zones? Start a wiki. And the name? Believe it or not, the name came about because the inventor of the wiki had his honeymoon in Hawaii, where you catch the 'wiki wiki' (quick) bus from the airport. Anyway, years ago, Jimmy Wales was looking for a way to combine his two major hobbies: reading the Encyclopaedia Britannica and surfing the Internet. I met all these great people online,' he says, 'and we were all discussing things on mailing lists no one ever looks at. I thought, why not build something long-lasting, more fun and entertaining?' Ah, fun. 50          Options and futures trading, which he did in Chicago in the 1990s, was "fun and cool'. Quitting his job to start an Internet company? Delightful. Paying the mortgage purely from investments? Fantastic. And Wikipedia's growth? Simply amazing. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Keeping Everyday Life from Becoming Boring Last spring, I started a new exercise class. As someone who dislikes doing jumping jacks, burpees, and push-ups, I found the workouts surprisingly enjoyable, at least for a while. But after several months, my hobby began to feel like watching the same episode of a sitcom on repeat. I was overly familiar with the class routine, and my excitement had been replaced with boredom. A 2016 study for the American Psychological Association (APA) estimated that 63 percent of us suffer from boredom regularly. And research shows that chronically bored people are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety. Even though we all feel apathetic from time to time, according to Mary Mann, author of Yawn: Adventures in Boredom, it's often seen as being self-inflicted. "Only boring people get bored" is a popular belief. But boredom isn't a character problem. It's a state brought on by something called hedonic adaptation, or the tendency to get used to things over time. This explains why activities that were initially gratifying can sometimes lose their appeal. Humans are remarkably good at getting used to changes in our lives, both positive and negative, according to Sonja Lyubomirsky, a professor of psychology at the University of California. This is a good thing when we are faced with adjusting to adversities such as losing a loved one or a job. But becoming immune to positive events can prove harmful. Think about the last time you got a raise, bought a car, or moved. At first, these experiences can bring immense joy. But over time, they become part of the routine. We are ready for the next new thing to excite us. While boredom can be a downer when it drains the pleasure from our lives, it can provide a sort of service. "If our emotional reactions didn't weaken with time, we couldn't recognize novel changes that may signal rewards or threats," Lyubomirsky says. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 两位年轻人在户外活动的偏好上有所不同。(differ) 53. 我们需要补上前一周因为病假错过的课业。(make) 54. 只要不对生态功能造成破坏，我们允许有限的人为活动。(damage) 55. 研究人员应该谨慎对待数据分析，以确保结果有效可靠，而不是依赖任何可获得的信息。(whatever) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校英语报正在开展"The electronic device that I must take while travelling"的征文活动。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章，内容须包括： 1)你在旅游途中一定携带的电子设备； 2)你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $