精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科12月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试题

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科12月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. House dust could be causing us to pile on the pounds. Researchers at Duke University have found that house dust contains chemicals which could be causing us to pile on the pounds. ____1____ you’re looking to lose a little weight this year, it could be time for a spring clean. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals — compounds that reproduce hormones naturally found in the body — in household dust may trigger the development of fat cells in humans, the researchers say. The effect could be triggering increased fat growth in children, relative to ____2____ expected for their age. Previous research on fat cells ____3____ (isolate) in the lab has shown that exposure to certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals can cause them to gather triglycerides — a type of fat found in the blood. For this latest study, the team ____4____ (collect) nearly 200 house dust samples from homes in North Carolina. They then obtained more than 100 different chemicals from the dust in the lab and tested each of them for their ability ____5____ (promote) fat cell development in a petri dish model. They found that around 70 of the chemicals had a marked effect ____6____ the development of fat cells. What’s more, they also discovered that several of the chemicals were present in large quantities in the dust found in the homes of children ____7____ were significantly overweight. It ____8____ (estimate) that children consume around 60 to 100 milligrams of dust a day. “This is some of the first research that investigates links between exposure to chemical mixtures present in the indoor environment and the health of children ____9____ (live) in those homes,” said lead researcher Dr Christopher Kassotis. The team plans to study these chemicals further, to establish exactly _____10_____ of them should be considered a contributing factor to fatness in children. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accidentally B. disorganised C. go D. non-digital E. regular F. separately G. shift H. sticky I. substance J. touch K. version Digital VS Analogue The last time I wrote something linearly — as in, started at point A and ended, edited, at point Z — was in 2004. The timer had started in an essay exam for my master’s degree, and on the desk in front of me was a single blank page. I had to answer the question on the paper using only a pen. I hadn’t written anything of ____11____ without a keyboard and mouse in more than a decade, and something fundamental had changed. My brain now organised itself in ____12____ pieces of phrases and paragraphs that were entirely out of place until they were cut and pasted into their correct order. But that’s not how pens work. In the 100th episode of Digital Human —15 years of even more extensive computer use later —we explored this mental ____13____. We decided to make the programme using old ____14____ methods: heavy recording machines, limited tape supplies, no copy-and-paste feature, and certainly no ‘undo’. This is entirely different from how we’ve been making programmes for the 20 years since digital editing tools arrived at the BBC. Nowadays, we don’t use knives to cut single-use pieces of magnetic tape. Nor do we use ____15____ tape to paste it into place. We select things with a mouse, occasionally copy the selection so we have another ____16____ of it, and paste it elsewhere. We add music underneath, and shift it around at will. None of this is done live- not even my links. Those are recorded ____17____ and then put together. In the 100th-episode experiment, everything had to have human hands on it, and every ____18____ degraded the original. Everything had to be done ‘as live’ — from fading up the music to reading my lines into the story. It all had to be carefully planned from the moment the idea came up because it had to be recorded in one ____19____. It was interesting, but exhausting in an entirely different way from our ____20____ process. 3. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Young people are indeed behaving and thinking differently from previous generations at the same age. Perhaps the most obvious ____21____ is that teenagers are getting drunk less often. They start drinking later: the average age at which young Australians first try alcohol has risen from 14.4 to 16.1 since 1998. In Britain, where a fifth of 16-to 24-year-olds do not drink at all, the number of pubs is falling by about 1,000 a year, and nightclubs are faring even worse. Nor are young people ____22____ each other as much as they used to. Fighting among 13-and 15-year-olds is down across Europe. Juvenile crime and anti-social behaviour have dropped in England and Wales. ____23____, young people are less hedonistic and break fewer rules than in the past. What is going on? One possible explanation is that ____24____ life has changed. A study of 11 countries by Giulia Dotti Sani and Judith Treas, two academics, found that parents spend much more time on childcare. In America, the average parents spent 88 minutes a day primarily ____25____ children in 2012-up from 41 minutes in 1965. Fathers have upped their child-care hours most in ____26____ terms, though they still do much less than mothers. Another possibility is that teenagers and young people are more focused on school and ____27____ work. Across the OECD club of rich countries, the share of 25-to 34-year-olds with a university degree rose from 26% to 43% between 2000 and 2016. A larger proportion of teenagers ____28____ they will go on to university. ____29____, they may be staying at home more. Mike Roe, who runs a drop-in youth club in Brighton, in southeastern England, says that ten or 15 years ago clubs like his often used to stay open until 11 p.m. on school nights. That is now regarded as too ____30____. Oddly, though, teenagers are not necessarily filling their evenings with ____31____ work. Between 2003 and 2012, the amount of time 15-year-olds spent doing homework fell by an hour a week across the OECD, to just under five hours. Finally, technology has probably changed people’s ____32____. Teenagers are heavy internet users, the more so as they acquire smartphones. By their own account, 15-year-olds in OECD countries spent 146 minutes a day online on weeknights in 2015, up from 105 minutes in 2012. Social media allow teenagers’ desire for contact with peers to ____33____ parents’ desire to keep their kids safe and away from harmful substances. In America, surveys known as Monitoring the Future have recorded a ____34____ in unsupervised hanging-out, which has been especially sharp since 2012. Teenagers who communicate largely online can ____35____ gossip, but not blows, or bottles of wine. 21. A. reason B. change C. solution D. level 22. A. supporting B. opposing C. harming D. meeting 23. A. What’s more B. By contrast C. On purpose D. In short 24. A. family B. social C. school D. working 25. A. looking after B. listening to C. depending on D. making for 26. A. abstract B. graphic C. proportional D. symbolic 27. A. original B. academic C. creative D. extra 28. A. doubt B. complain C. believe D. worry 29. A. On the contrary B. To a large extent C. For the time being D. As a result 30. A. short B. late C. slow D. narrow 31. A. stressful B. respectful C. painful D. useful 32. A. attitude B. behaviour C. character D. ability 33. A. hand over B. take up C. set aside D. agree with 34. A. difference B. belief C. decline D. mistake 35. A. exchange B. avoid C. read D. address Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The student arrived early, sat front and center, and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one. I’d say that he had about 40 years on his classmates in my undergraduate communications class at California State University, Los Angeles. He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. And he was always respectful of the other students’ perspectives, as if each of them were a teacher. Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile and he left with one too. “These students gave me the confidence that I didn’t need to feel bad about my age,” Valencia says. One day, I spotted Valencia on campus. He said he would have to stop taking classes that semester and reapply for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money from construction jobs and have his student-loan papers in order. But he said he was still coming to campus to attend events or see friends. He asked whether he could still sit in on my communications class. Sure, I said. But he wouldn’t get any credit. No problem, he said. Soon there he was again a 63-year-old Cal State LA junior with as much energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class. For an assignment on changing neighborhoods, Valencia wrote about a favorite local chain restaurant that was “unceremoniously closed”. He called it a theft of childhood. “It is almost as if someone has stolen that childhood and replaced it with a slippery hill where everything they cherish will slide away,” he wrote. A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the joy of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. “You don’t see that in our generation.” Valencia showed up and took the final exam too. Afterward, students were chatting, and I overheard Valencia say he wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go. Twelve years? He was in and out of school, he said, subject to his work schedule and whether he had money for classes. He had earned his associate of arts degree over the summer, then transferred to Cal State LA to start on his bachelor’s. I needed to hear more. 36. What can be learned about Jerry Valencia from the first paragraph? A. He thought too highly of himself. B. He was inactive in class discussions. C. He took great delight in taking classes. D. He felt embarrassed about his age in class. 37. Why did Valencia have to quit school this semester? A. He was too old to apply. B. He didn’t have enough time. C. He couldn’t afford the tuition. D. He failed to catch up with his lessons. 38. What does Jessica Espinosa say about Valencia? A. He is eager for a higher degree. B. He is passionate about learning. C. He is worried about his exam results. D. He is as enthusiastic as her generation. 39. What is the writer most likely to write about in the paragraph following the passage? A. Valencia’s past success. B. Valencia’s summer plan. C. Valencia’s financial status. D. Valencia’s academic pursuit. （B） To access new mates and food sources, wild mammals (哺乳动物) must often move between protected areas. Conservationists have long advocated designating (指定) “wild-life corridors” to make this easier and safer — but the most crucial routes' locations, and whether conditions within them support or harm these journeys, have been largely unknown until now. A recent study found that more than 65 percent of such passages where movements are most concentrated remain unprotected. Reducing certain human pressures, the study authors note, could be even more effective at boosting connections than adding protected territory between existing refuges. The scientists examined data on the movements of 624 individual mammals from 48 species, from South American jaguars to African giraffes, using a methodology called circuit theory to create a global map of pathways between protected areas. Most previous studies simply evaluated whether these areas were connected at all. The new study also examined conditions along these mammal pathways, including routes through land used by humans for homes, crops, or forestry. The team then evaluated whether protected areas were well connected to or isolated from others. “We need to maintain those populations and make sure that protected areas don't become islands in sea of human land uses.” says University of British Columbia conservation scientist Angela Brennan, the study's lead author. 40. The study introduced in the passage is different from most previous studies in ________. A. who is engaged B. what is evaluated C. how many species are examined D. why the study is conducted 41. What conclusion has been drawn from the study? A. Existing mammal refuges are not well protected due to insufficient data. B. It is necessary to designate more “wild-life corridors” for wild mammals. C. Most of the protected areas for mammals have become “isolated islands” D. The less human footprint, the more mammal movement in the pathways. 42. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Human activities have caused protected areas to become isolated. B. Mammal populations have been well-maintained in all refuges. C. Adding protected territory is the most effective way to protect mammals. D. The study failed to examine the conditions of the pathways. （C） A new study, which found that eating ultra- processed (超加工的) food (like fish fingers, fizzy drinks and ready meals) could increase the risk of death, made for alarming headlines. The Sun told us that “just for portions of processed food a day could kill you”, while The Telegraph said that ultra-processed foods “could increase the risk of early death by 60 percent”. As is often the case, the research is well-designed and alarming. What’s more, the news coverage is not exactly false. The problem is that the numbers driving the headlines are hard to interpret, and seem more frightening than they are. Let’s unpack what the evidence means in this case. Spanish researchers followed roughly 20,000 students over 14 years, using questionnaires to estimate how many portions of ultra-processed food they were eating every day. They found that those who ate the most ultra-processed foods had a 62 percent increased risk of death from any cause, compared with those who ate the least. If we assume the conclusions are accurate, then a 62 percent increased risk of death sounds pretty shocking. But what does it mean? Let’s imagine two friends — Wanda and Winona. They’re both around 50, the same weight, do the same amount of exercise, have same family histories of disease, but not the same habits or lifestyle. Wanda is keen on instant noodles, fish fingers and fizzy drinks, while Winona prefers steamed vegetables and whole meal bread. Each one faces an annual risk of death, whose technical name is their “hazard”. The key statistic reported in the Spanish study was a hazard ratio (率) of 1.62. This means that, for two people like Wanda and Winona who are similar apart from their different diets, the one with the risk factor — Wanda — has a 62 percent increased annual risk of death over the follow- up period (around 14 years in the Spanish study). It’s tempting to interpret this as meaning that Wanda’s life is going to be 62 percent shorter than Winona’s, but that’s not what’s going on. Crucially, the risk of dying in any one year for the average person is pretty low, so a 62 percent annual increase in risk of death may not be alarming as it sounds. In the UK, for example, the average annual risk of death for 50-year-old women is around 0.2 percent, which means you might expect 2 in every 1,000 women like Winona to die each year. A 62 percent increase on that number gives around a 0.3 percent annual risk of death, which would be 3 in every 1,000 women like Wanda. The difference in 1,000, sounds a lot less alarming than the 62 percent which made the headlines. 43. What does the writer imply about the increased risk of death covered in the news? A. It reflects people’s ignorance of what makes a healthy diet. B. The interpretation of it needs to be weighed objectively. C. It is a conclusion drawn from a poorly designed study. D. The understanding of it varies from country to country. 44. What did the Spanish researchers do in their study? A. They divided the students into two groups. B. They collected the data by means of interviews. C. They followed the subjects for more than a decade. D. They made up two friends named Wanda and Winona. 45. According to the writer, why is it that the 62 percent annual increase in risk of death may not be that alarming? A. The chance of dying in a year for the average person is relatively minimal. B. It is based on the data that the Spanish researchers collected 14 years ago. C. The relevant study has failed to take other factors into consideration. D. People in the UK are becoming more and more health-conscious. 46. What can be concluded from the passage? A. The news coverage ought to be as objective as possible. B. There needs to be more evidence for the increase in risk of death. C. The harm done by ultra-processed food is not as serious as reported. D. There should be regulations on the production of ultra-processed food. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Need a digital diet? Here’s what worked for me I was having a desirable weekday lie-in when my four-year-old bounded in to inform me it was time to get dressed. Shocked to find I had wasted nearly two hours scrolling mindlessly through my phone instead of resting, I got out of bed feeling more mentally exhausted than on mornings when I get up at dawn. Thinking about what sort of digital diet to put myself on, I came across Mind Over Tech, founded by web developer Jonathan Gammer. About five years ago, Gammer noticed that part of his mental disquiet came from having limited control over his attention when he used his phone. ____47____. The product that grew out of Gammer’s wake-up call is a physical deck (副) of 50 cards, each bearing bite-sized experiments to help users approach technology more mindfully. Over a 24-hour period I tried a few out, including: ‌“Avoid early morning,” which asked me to try to delay the first moment when I engage with my phone each morning, and ‌“Post-It note on my phone screen,” to help me notice when and why I pick it up. ____48____ The first two cards — plus ‌“Avoid your inbox until afternoon” — worked well for me. Over two weeks, I practiced them each day and found myself feeling more positive about my relationship with technology, more able to exercise self-control when it came to my phone and more productive overall. I think these are habits I will return to regularly. ____49____ The ‌“Delay the urge to search” card was a spectacular fail, as I spent most of an entire day searching hotel reviews for an upcoming trip to the US. My favourite part of this experience has been using pen and paper to plan and take notes. Every time I sit down with the deck and my notebook, my two-year-old comes over, attracted by the bright colours on the cards. ____50____ That’s the habit I hope to keep. A. Other cards never quite stuck. B. I’ve found families are struggling to reset. C. Together, we spend 20 absorbed minutes sorting them by colour and dividing them into piles, time when neither of us is distracted by a screen. D. I was setting out to do one task but being sidetracked into something totally different. E. But what really matters day to day for you is how you feel that extra hour in your morning is best spent. F. The goal, says Gammer, is not to force yourself to change, but to try to build a new healthy habit, like less caffeine. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A World of Water Water is essential to life and we depend on it, yet many people take water for granted. As the population of the world increases, and with it the demand for water, there is growing concern that our water supplies will not prove adequate. In areas near the coast, an obvious solution to this problem is to find ways of using the abundant supply of water from the sea. Water covers 70% of the surface of the earth, but 98% of this is undrinkable salt water. However, for centuries man has experimented with different methods of converting salt water into fresh water in a process called desalination, whereby salt and contaminants (污染物) are removed from the water. The challenge, nowadays, is to do this on a much larger scale. One place which has used desalination for many years is the United Arab Emirates (the UAE). It installed the first desalination plants in 1972, and nowadays most of the drinking water in the country is supplied by the process. New filtration systems have been developed to replace the traditional methods, which used a heating process. Another example is Saudi Arabia, whose desalination plants produce almost 25% of the world’s desalinated water. One of the largest plants in the world has been constructed there, producing 300 billion litres annually. Unfortunately, desalination is an expensive process using large amounts of energy, but research is currently being carried out into the development of more efficient technology using a combination of different methods. To supply water to 25% of the world’s population living within 25 kilometres of the sea, more desalination plants are expected to be built in the future. The hope is that the technology currently being developed will lower the costs and help solve the problem of water shortages in many parts of the world. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这个病人似乎无法公开表达自己的情绪。(difficulty) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 53. 我要去图书馆找一本引人入胜的小说，以便在假期里阅读。(in search) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 美术馆自豪地展示了各种各样的雕塑，这些雕塑在形式和材料上都各不相同。(vary) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 55. 从舞蹈服饰到中国舞文化知识，这位舞蹈老师给澳大利亚的学生带来了耳目一新的舞蹈文化体验。(bring) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇关于“经典”的文章，你对此话题很感兴趣，给该杂志“读者来信”专栏写一封信，内容须包括： 1) 你认为“经典作品（如音乐、文学、电影等）”有哪些特点； 2) 用一个具体例子说明你的观点。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科12月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. House dust could be causing us to pile on the pounds. Researchers at Duke University have found that house dust contains chemicals which could be causing us to pile on the pounds. ____1____ you’re looking to lose a little weight this year, it could be time for a spring clean. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals — compounds that reproduce hormones naturally found in the body — in household dust may trigger the development of fat cells in humans, the researchers say. The effect could be triggering increased fat growth in children, relative to ____2____ expected for their age. Previous research on fat cells ____3____ (isolate) in the lab has shown that exposure to certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals can cause them to gather triglycerides — a type of fat found in the blood. For this latest study, the team ____4____ (collect) nearly 200 house dust samples from homes in North Carolina. They then obtained more than 100 different chemicals from the dust in the lab and tested each of them for their ability ____5____ (promote) fat cell development in a petri dish model. They found that around 70 of the chemicals had a marked effect ____6____ the development of fat cells. What’s more, they also discovered that several of the chemicals were present in large quantities in the dust found in the homes of children ____7____ were significantly overweight. It ____8____ (estimate) that children consume around 60 to 100 milligrams of dust a day. “This is some of the first research that investigates links between exposure to chemical mixtures present in the indoor environment and the health of children ____9____ (live) in those homes,” said lead researcher Dr Christopher Kassotis. The team plans to study these chemicals further, to establish exactly _____10_____ of them should be considered a contributing factor to fatness in children. 【答案】1. if 2. that 3. isolated 4. collected 5. to promote 6. on 7. who##that 8. is estimated 9. living 10. which 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍杜克大学研究人员发现室内灰尘中含有的内分泌干扰化学物质，可能会促进脂肪细胞生成，进而造成人体增重。 【1题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果你今年打算减掉一点体重，那么是时候进行一次春季大扫除了。结合句意，此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，所以用连词if。 【2题详解】 考查代词。句意：该影响可能会导致儿童体内脂肪增长超出其年龄段预期水平。此处用that指代前面提到的fat growth（脂肪增长量），用于同类比较，所以此处为代词that。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：先前针对实验室分离出的脂肪细胞的研究表明，接触某些内分泌干扰化学物质会使其积累甘油三酯，这是血液中的一类脂肪。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，isolate与逻辑主语fat cells之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词isolated。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这项最新研究中，研究团队从北卡罗来纳州的家庭中收集了近200份室内灰尘样本。此处为谓语动词，描述过去的研究动作，使用一般过去时，collect的过去式为collected。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：随后他们在实验室中从灰尘里提取出100多种不同化学物质，并在培养皿模型中逐一测试它们促进脂肪细胞发育的能力。固定搭配the ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，不定式作后置定语，所以此处为to promote。 【6题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们发现大约70种化学物质对脂肪细胞的发育有着显著影响。固定搭配have an effect on意为“对……产生影响”，所以此处为介词on。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：此外，他们还发现，在严重超重儿童家中的灰尘里，多种这类化学物质含量很高。先行词children指人，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或者that。 【8题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：据估计，儿童每天会摄入大约60至100毫克灰尘。固定句型It is estimated that…意为“据估计……”，it作形式主语，与estimate之间为被动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，所以谓语动词为is estimated。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：首席研究员克里斯托弗·卡索蒂斯博士说：“这是首批研究室内环境中的混合化学物质暴露问题与居住在这些房屋内儿童健康之间联系的研究之一。”此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，live与逻辑主语children之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词living。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：该团队计划进一步研究这些化学物质，以确定究竟哪些化学物质会造成儿童肥胖。此处引导宾语从句，表达“哪一些”，所以用连接词which。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accidentally B. disorganised C. go D. non-digital E. regular F. separately G. shift H. sticky I. substance J. touch K. version Digital VS Analogue The last time I wrote something linearly — as in, started at point A and ended, edited, at point Z — was in 2004. The timer had started in an essay exam for my master’s degree, and on the desk in front of me was a single blank page. I had to answer the question on the paper using only a pen. I hadn’t written anything of ____11____ without a keyboard and mouse in more than a decade, and something fundamental had changed. My brain now organised itself in ____12____ pieces of phrases and paragraphs that were entirely out of place until they were cut and pasted into their correct order. But that’s not how pens work. In the 100th episode of Digital Human —15 years of even more extensive computer use later —we explored this mental ____13____. We decided to make the programme using old ____14____ methods: heavy recording machines, limited tape supplies, no copy-and-paste feature, and certainly no ‘undo’. This is entirely different from how we’ve been making programmes for the 20 years since digital editing tools arrived at the BBC. Nowadays, we don’t use knives to cut single-use pieces of magnetic tape. Nor do we use ____15____ tape to paste it into place. We select things with a mouse, occasionally copy the selection so we have another ____16____ of it, and paste it elsewhere. We add music underneath, and shift it around at will. None of this is done live- not even my links. Those are recorded ____17____ and then put together. In the 100th-episode experiment, everything had to have human hands on it, and every ____18____ degraded the original. Everything had to be done ‘as live’ — from fading up the music to reading my lines into the story. It all had to be carefully planned from the moment the idea came up because it had to be recorded in one ____19____. It was interesting, but exhausting in an entirely different way from our ____20____ process. 【答案】11. I 12. B 13. G 14. D 15. H 16. K 17. F 18. J 19. C 20. E 【解析】 【导语】文章对比数字创作与非数字化模拟创作方式，讲述作者体验老式磁带录制节目的经历，介绍数字编辑带来的思维转变以及传统录制的局限。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：十多年来，我从来没有不用键盘鼠标写任何实质性内容，一些根本性的东西已经改变。根据下文“something fundamental had changed”可知，“我”从来没有不用键盘鼠标写任何实质性内容。介词of后接名词作宾语，anything of substance为固定表达，意为“有实质内容的事物”。名词substance意为“实质；内容”。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我的大脑现在把想法整理成杂乱零散的短语和段落，这些片段位置错乱，直到剪切粘贴才归位。根据下文“were entirely out of place”可知，这里指把想法整理成杂乱零散的短语和段落。修饰名词pieces需用形容词。形容词disorganised意为“杂乱无章的；混乱的”。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：在Digital Human第100期节目里——十五年大量使用电脑之后——我们探究了这种思维转变。根据上文“My brain now organised itself in ____ pieces of phrases and paragraphs that were entirely out of place until they were cut and pasted into their correct order.”可知，探究的是这种思维转变。mental后面接名词。名词shift意为“转变”，mental shift表示“思维转变”。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们决定采用老式非数字化方法制作节目：笨重的录音机、有限磁带、没有复制粘贴功能，当然也没有“撤销”功能。根据下文“heavy recording machines, limited tape supplies, no copy-and-paste feature,”可知，这里指采用老式非数字化方法制作节目。修饰名词methods需用形容词。形容词non-digital意为“非数字的；模拟的”作定语。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们也不用粘性磁带把片段粘贴到位。根据下文“paste it into place”可知，这里指不用粘性磁带把片段粘贴到位。修饰名词tape需用形容词。形容词sticky意为“粘性的”作定语。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们用鼠标选中素材，偶尔复制选中内容，这样就拥有它的另一个版本，再粘贴到别处。根据上文“occasionally copy the selection”可知，这样就拥有它的另一个版本。another后接单数名词。名词version意为“版本”，another version即“另一个版本”，符合复制素材的语境。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：这些串词是分开录制的，之后再拼接在一起。根据下文“then put together.”可知，串词是分开录制的。修饰动词recorded需用副词。副词separately意为“单独地；分开地”作状语。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：在第100期这次实验中，所有操作都需要人工上手，每一次触碰都会损耗原始磁带。every后面接单数名词。根据上文“everything had to have human hands on it”可知，每一次接触磁带都会造成损耗。名词touch意为“触碰；操作”作主语。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：从构思开始一切都要周密规划，因为录制必须一次性完成。根据上文“It all had to be carefully planned from the moment the idea came up”可知，录制必须一次性完成。固定短语in one go，名词go意为“一轮；尝试”，in one go意为“一口气、一次性”。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这次体验很有意思，但疲惫感和我们常规的制作流程完全不同。修饰名词process需用形容词。形容词regular意为“常规的；平常的”，our regular process指我们平时常规的数字制作流程，和本次老式实验形成对比。 3. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Young people are indeed behaving and thinking differently from previous generations at the same age. Perhaps the most obvious ____21____ is that teenagers are getting drunk less often. They start drinking later: the average age at which young Australians first try alcohol has risen from 14.4 to 16.1 since 1998. In Britain, where a fifth of 16-to 24-year-olds do not drink at all, the number of pubs is falling by about 1,000 a year, and nightclubs are faring even worse. Nor are young people ____22____ each other as much as they used to. Fighting among 13-and 15-year-olds is down across Europe. Juvenile crime and anti-social behaviour have dropped in England and Wales. ____23____, young people are less hedonistic and break fewer rules than in the past. What is going on? One possible explanation is that ____24____ life has changed. A study of 11 countries by Giulia Dotti Sani and Judith Treas, two academics, found that parents spend much more time on childcare. In America, the average parents spent 88 minutes a day primarily ____25____ children in 2012-up from 41 minutes in 1965. Fathers have upped their child-care hours most in ____26____ terms, though they still do much less than mothers. Another possibility is that teenagers and young people are more focused on school and ____27____ work. Across the OECD club of rich countries, the share of 25-to 34-year-olds with a university degree rose from 26% to 43% between 2000 and 2016. A larger proportion of teenagers ____28____ they will go on to university. ____29____, they may be staying at home more. Mike Roe, who runs a drop-in youth club in Brighton, in southeastern England, says that ten or 15 years ago clubs like his often used to stay open until 11 p.m. on school nights. That is now regarded as too ____30____. Oddly, though, teenagers are not necessarily filling their evenings with ____31____ work. Between 2003 and 2012, the amount of time 15-year-olds spent doing homework fell by an hour a week across the OECD, to just under five hours. Finally, technology has probably changed people’s ____32____. Teenagers are heavy internet users, the more so as they acquire smartphones. By their own account, 15-year-olds in OECD countries spent 146 minutes a day online on weeknights in 2015, up from 105 minutes in 2012. Social media allow teenagers’ desire for contact with peers to ____33____ parents’ desire to keep their kids safe and away from harmful substances. In America, surveys known as Monitoring the Future have recorded a ____34____ in unsupervised hanging-out, which has been especially sharp since 2012. Teenagers who communicate largely online can ____35____ gossip, but not blows, or bottles of wine. 21. A. reason B. change C. solution D. level 22. A. supporting B. opposing C. harming D. meeting 23. A. What’s more B. By contrast C. On purpose D. In short 24. A. family B. social C. school D. working 25. A. looking after B. listening to C. depending on D. making for 26. A. abstract B. graphic C. proportional D. symbolic 27. A. original B. academic C. creative D. extra 28. A. doubt B. complain C. believe D. worry 29. A. On the contrary B. To a large extent C. For the time being D. As a result 30. A. short B. late C. slow D. narrow 31. A. stressful B. respectful C. painful D. useful 32. A. attitude B. behaviour C. character D. ability 33. A. hand over B. take up C. set aside D. agree with 34. A. difference B. belief C. decline D. mistake 35. A. exchange B. avoid C. read D. address 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文指出当代年轻人和前代同龄人相比行为想法不同，饮酒、打架等不良行为减少，并从家庭养育、重视学业、科技影响三方面分析背后原因。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：也许最明显的变化是青少年饮酒的频率降低了。A. reason理由；B. change变化；C. solution解决办法；D. level水平。根据上文“Young people are indeed behaving and thinking differently from previous generations at the same age.”可知，上文提出年轻人的行为想法和上一代同龄人不同，本句列举最显著的一点变化。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：年轻人也不再像过去那样互相伤害。A. supporting支持；B. opposing反对；C. harming伤害；D. meeting遇见。根据下文“Fighting among 13- and 15-year-olds is down across Europe.”和第二段“Juvenile crime and anti-social behaviour have dropped in England and Wales.”可知，下文提到欧洲青少年打架事件减少，说明互相伤害的情况变少。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：简而言之，年轻人不像从前那样追求享乐，违反规则的情况也更少。A. What’s more此外；B. By contrast相比之下；C. On purpose故意；D. In short简而言之。根据上文“Fighting among 13- and 15-year-olds is down across Europe.”、“ Juvenile crime and anti-social behaviour have dropped in England and Wales.”以及下文“young people are less hedonistic and break fewer rules than in the past.”可知，本句是对前面饮酒减少、打架犯罪下降这些现象进行总结概括。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一种可能的解释是家庭生活发生了改变。A. family家庭的；B. social社会的；C. school学校的；D. working工作的。根据下文“A study of 11 countries by Giulia Dotti Sani and Judith Treas, two academics, found that parents spend much more time on childcare.”可知，下文讲述父母花更多时间照顾孩子，属于家庭层面。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：2012年美国父母平均每天主要花88分钟照顾孩子，高于1965年的41分钟。A. looking after照顾；B. listening to倾听；C. depending on依靠；D. making for促成。根据上文“parents spend much more time on childcare.”可知，本句讲父母照料孩子花费的时间。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然父亲照料孩子的时长增幅在比例上最大，但投入时间依旧远少于母亲。A. abstract抽象的；B. graphic形象的；C. proportional比例的；D. symbolic象征性的。根据上文“In America, the average parents spent 88 minutes a day primarily ____ children in 2012-up from 41 minutes in 1965.”以及下文“terms, though they still do much less than mothers”可知，此处指从占比角度，父亲育儿时间提升幅度最大。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：另一种可能性是青少年和年轻人更加专注于学业和学术工作。A. original原始的；B. academic学术的；C. creative有创造力的；D. extra额外的。根据下文“Across the OECD club of rich countries, the share of 25- to 34-year-olds with a university degree rose from 26% to 43% between 2000 and 2016.”可知，下文提到大学学历，对应学业学术。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：更多青少年相信自己将来会读大学。A. doubt怀疑；B. complain抱怨；C. believe相信；D. worry担心。根据上文“Across the OECD club of rich countries, the share of 25- to 34-year-olds with a university degree rose from 26% to 43% between 2000 and 2016.”可知，上文说明青年大学学历占比上升，即，很多青少年认定自己会去上大学。 【29题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：因此，他们待在家里的时间可能更多。A. On the contrary相反；B. To a large extent很大程度上；C. For the time being暂时；D. As a result因此。根据下文“they may be staying at home more”以及上文提到青少年一心想考大学，所以居家时间变多，是因果关系。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而现在这个时间被认为太晚了。A. short短的；B. late晚的；C. slow慢的；D. narrow狭窄的。根据上文“Mike Roe, who runs a drop-in youth club in Brighton, in southeastern England, says that ten or 15 years ago clubs like his often used to stay open until 11 p.m. on school nights.”可知，上文说过去青年俱乐部上学日晚上开到11点，现在觉得这个时间太晚。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：奇怪的是，青少年们并不一定把晚上用来做有用的功课。A. stressful有压力的；B. respectful恭敬的；C. painful痛苦的；D. useful有用的。根据下文“Between 2003 and 2012, the amount of time 15-year-olds spent doing homework fell by an hour a week across the OECD, to just under five hours.”可知，下文数据显示青少年每周写作业时间下降，说明并非都在做有用的功课。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：最后，科技或许改变了人们的行为。A. attitude态度；B. behaviour行为；C. character性格；D. ability能力。下文“Teenagers are heavy internet users, the more so as they acquire smartphones. By their own account, 15-year-olds in OECD countries spent 146 minutes a day online on weeknights in 2015, up from 105 minutes in 2012. Social media allow teenagers’ desire for contact with peers”讲青少年上网、线上社交，都是行为上的改变。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：社交媒体让青少年结交同伴的需求和父母保护孩子远离有害物质的想法达成一致。A. hand over移交；B. take up占据；C. set aside搁置；D. agree with契合，同意。根据下文“parents’ desire to keep their kids safe and away from harmful substances”可知，线上交友既能满足青少年社交，又不用外出，契合父母保护孩子的愿望。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：美国的《监测未来》调查记录到无人监管的外出闲逛活动有所减少，2012年后下降尤为明显。A. difference差异；B. belief信念；C. decline下降；D. mistake错误。根据下文“Teenagers who communicate largely online”可知，下文提到线上交流增多，线下无人看管外出变少，是数量下降。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：主要在线沟通的青少年可以互相闲聊八卦，但不会打架或者喝酒。A. exchange交流；B. avoid避免；C. read阅读；D. address解决。根据上文“Teenagers who communicate largely online”以及下文“but not blows, or bottles of wine”可知，线上只能互相聊天，不会产生线下打斗饮酒行为。exchange gossip表示“交流八卦信息”。 Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The student arrived early, sat front and center, and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one. I’d say that he had about 40 years on his classmates in my undergraduate communications class at California State University, Los Angeles. He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. And he was always respectful of the other students’ perspectives, as if each of them were a teacher. Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile and he left with one too. “These students gave me the confidence that I didn’t need to feel bad about my age,” Valencia says. One day, I spotted Valencia on campus. He said he would have to stop taking classes that semester and reapply for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money from construction jobs and have his student-loan papers in order. But he said he was still coming to campus to attend events or see friends. He asked whether he could still sit in on my communications class. Sure, I said. But he wouldn’t get any credit. No problem, he said. Soon there he was again a 63-year-old Cal State LA junior with as much energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class. For an assignment on changing neighborhoods, Valencia wrote about a favorite local chain restaurant that was “unceremoniously closed”. He called it a theft of childhood. “It is almost as if someone has stolen that childhood and replaced it with a slippery hill where everything they cherish will slide away,” he wrote. A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the joy of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. “You don’t see that in our generation.” Valencia showed up and took the final exam too. Afterward, students were chatting, and I overheard Valencia say he wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go. Twelve years? He was in and out of school, he said, subject to his work schedule and whether he had money for classes. He had earned his associate of arts degree over the summer, then transferred to Cal State LA to start on his bachelor’s. I needed to hear more. 36. What can be learned about Jerry Valencia from the first paragraph? A. He thought too highly of himself. B. He was inactive in class discussions. C. He took great delight in taking classes. D. He felt embarrassed about his age in class. 37. Why did Valencia have to quit school this semester? A. He was too old to apply. B. He didn’t have enough time. C. He couldn’t afford the tuition. D. He failed to catch up with his lessons. 38. What does Jessica Espinosa say about Valencia? A. He is eager for a higher degree. B. He is passionate about learning. C. He is worried about his exam results. D. He is as enthusiastic as her generation. 39. What is the writer most likely to write about in the paragraph following the passage? A. Valencia’s past success. B. Valencia’s summer plan. C. Valencia’s financial status. D. Valencia’s academic pursuit. 【答案】36. C 37. C 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】短文主要讲述63岁的Jerry Valencia坚持求学，享受学习本身的感人故事。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. And he was always respectful of the other students’ perspectives, as if each of them were a teacher. Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile-and he left with one too.(他踊跃参与课堂讨论，带着阅历带来的幽默与智慧。他总是尊重其他学生的观点，仿佛他们每个人都是老师。Jerry Valencia带着微笑走进教室，离开时也面带笑容)”可知，Jerry上课积极投入，十分享受上课。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He said he would have to stop taking classes that semester and reapply for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money from construction jobs and have his student-loan papers in order.(他说这学期不得不停课，明年重新申请。到那时，他希望能靠建筑工作赚到足够的钱，并办好学生贷款手续)”以及第三段 “A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework.(Valencia的许多同学都知道，他付不起这学期的学费，但依旧在完成作业)”可知，Valencia退学的原因是负担不起学费。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Here he is, willingly taking a class for the joy of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. “You don’t see that in our generation.”(25岁大三学生Jessica Espinosa说：“他就在这里，单纯为学习的乐趣与收获而自愿上课，这在我们这一代人身上很难见到。”)”可知，Jessica认为Valencia对学习充满热忱。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Afterward, students were chatting, and I overheard Valencia say he wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go.(之后同学们闲聊，我无意中听到Valencia说，他想一直读到拿到硕士学位，但是他花了12年才读完社区大学，前路漫漫)”可知，作者听到他想要攻读硕士学位，还有很长求学路，因此下一段最有可能继续讲述他的学术追求。 （B） To access new mates and food sources, wild mammals (哺乳动物) must often move between protected areas. Conservationists have long advocated designating (指定) “wild-life corridors” to make this easier and safer — but the most crucial routes' locations, and whether conditions within them support or harm these journeys, have been largely unknown until now. A recent study found that more than 65 percent of such passages where movements are most concentrated remain unprotected. Reducing certain human pressures, the study authors note, could be even more effective at boosting connections than adding protected territory between existing refuges. The scientists examined data on the movements of 624 individual mammals from 48 species, from South American jaguars to African giraffes, using a methodology called circuit theory to create a global map of pathways between protected areas. Most previous studies simply evaluated whether these areas were connected at all. The new study also examined conditions along these mammal pathways, including routes through land used by humans for homes, crops, or forestry. The team then evaluated whether protected areas were well connected to or isolated from others. “We need to maintain those populations and make sure that protected areas don't become islands in sea of human land uses.” says University of British Columbia conservation scientist Angela Brennan, the study's lead author. 40. The study introduced in the passage is different from most previous studies in ________. A. who is engaged B. what is evaluated C. how many species are examined D. why the study is conducted 41. What conclusion has been drawn from the study? A. Existing mammal refuges are not well protected due to insufficient data. B. It is necessary to designate more “wild-life corridors” for wild mammals. C. Most of the protected areas for mammals have become “isolated islands” D. The less human footprint, the more mammal movement in the pathways. 42. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Human activities have caused protected areas to become isolated. B. Mammal populations have been well-maintained in all refuges. C. Adding protected territory is the most effective way to protect mammals. D. The study failed to examine the conditions of the pathways. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了一项新研究分析哺乳动物迁徙通道，对比以往研究，它不仅看连通性，还考察通道环境；减轻人类干扰比新增保护区更利于物种交流，要防止保护区在人类用地中沦为孤岛。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Most previous studies simply evaluated whether these areas were connected at all.(大多数以往的研究只是简单评估这些保护区之间是否连通。)”以及第三段“The new study also examined conditions along these mammal pathways, including routes through land used by humans for homes, crops, or forestry.(这项新研究还考察了哺乳动物迁徙通道沿线的环境，包括穿过住宅、农田或是林业用地的路线。)”可知，这项新研究和以往大部分研究的不同之处在于评估的内容不一样。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Reducing certain human pressures, the study authors note, could be even more effective at boosting connections than adding protected territory between existing refuges.(该研究的作者指出，减轻某些人类带来的压力，比起在现有保护区之间新增保护区域，能更有效地提升连通性。)”可知，人类活动干扰越少，通道里哺乳动物的迁徙活动就越多。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“We need to maintain those populations and make sure that protected areas don't become islands in sea of human land uses.(我们需要维持这些种群，确保保护区不会在人类用地的海洋中变成孤岛。)”可知，人类活动会造成保护区彼此隔离。 （C） A new study, which found that eating ultra- processed (超加工的) food (like fish fingers, fizzy drinks and ready meals) could increase the risk of death, made for alarming headlines. The Sun told us that “just for portions of processed food a day could kill you”, while The Telegraph said that ultra-processed foods “could increase the risk of early death by 60 percent”. As is often the case, the research is well-designed and alarming. What’s more, the news coverage is not exactly false. The problem is that the numbers driving the headlines are hard to interpret, and seem more frightening than they are. Let’s unpack what the evidence means in this case. Spanish researchers followed roughly 20,000 students over 14 years, using questionnaires to estimate how many portions of ultra-processed food they were eating every day. They found that those who ate the most ultra-processed foods had a 62 percent increased risk of death from any cause, compared with those who ate the least. If we assume the conclusions are accurate, then a 62 percent increased risk of death sounds pretty shocking. But what does it mean? Let’s imagine two friends — Wanda and Winona. They’re both around 50, the same weight, do the same amount of exercise, have same family histories of disease, but not the same habits or lifestyle. Wanda is keen on instant noodles, fish fingers and fizzy drinks, while Winona prefers steamed vegetables and whole meal bread. Each one faces an annual risk of death, whose technical name is their “hazard”. The key statistic reported in the Spanish study was a hazard ratio (率) of 1.62. This means that, for two people like Wanda and Winona who are similar apart from their different diets, the one with the risk factor — Wanda — has a 62 percent increased annual risk of death over the follow- up period (around 14 years in the Spanish study). It’s tempting to interpret this as meaning that Wanda’s life is going to be 62 percent shorter than Winona’s, but that’s not what’s going on. Crucially, the risk of dying in any one year for the average person is pretty low, so a 62 percent annual increase in risk of death may not be alarming as it sounds. In the UK, for example, the average annual risk of death for 50-year-old women is around 0.2 percent, which means you might expect 2 in every 1,000 women like Winona to die each year. A 62 percent increase on that number gives around a 0.3 percent annual risk of death, which would be 3 in every 1,000 women like Wanda. The difference in 1,000, sounds a lot less alarming than the 62 percent which made the headlines. 43. What does the writer imply about the increased risk of death covered in the news? A. It reflects people’s ignorance of what makes a healthy diet. B. The interpretation of it needs to be weighed objectively. C. It is a conclusion drawn from a poorly designed study. D. The understanding of it varies from country to country. 44. What did the Spanish researchers do in their study? A. They divided the students into two groups. B. They collected the data by means of interviews. C. They followed the subjects for more than a decade. D. They made up two friends named Wanda and Winona. 45. According to the writer, why is it that the 62 percent annual increase in risk of death may not be that alarming? A. The chance of dying in a year for the average person is relatively minimal. B. It is based on the data that the Spanish researchers collected 14 years ago. C. The relevant study has failed to take other factors into consideration. D. People in the UK are becoming more and more health-conscious. 46. What can be concluded from the passage? A. The news coverage ought to be as objective as possible. B. There needs to be more evidence for the increase in risk of death. C. The harm done by ultra-processed food is not as serious as reported. D. There should be regulations on the production of ultra-processed food. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新研究发现食用超加工食品可能增加死亡风险，但报道中的数字容易引发误解。研究指出，与食用最少超加工食品的人相比，食用最多的人死亡风险增加62%。 然而，这并不意味着寿命会缩短62%，因为普通人每年的死亡风险本身就很低。因此，尽管这一数字听起来吓人，但实际上影响可能并不那么显著。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The problem is that the numbers driving the headlines are hard to interpret, and seem more frightening than they are.(问题是，驱动新闻标题的数字很难解释，而且看起来比实际情况更可怕。)”可知，新闻报道中的死亡风险增加需要客观权衡，因为数字很难解释，而且看起来比实际情况更可怕。因此，作者暗示了对新闻中提到的死亡风险增加的解读需要客观权衡。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Spanish researchers followed roughly 20,000 students over 14 years, using questionnaires to estimate how many portions of ultra-processed food they were eating every day.(西班牙研究人员对大约20000名学生进行了长达14年的跟踪调查，使用问卷来估算他们每天吃多少份超加工食品。)”可知，他们在研究中跟踪研究对象超过十年。故选C。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Crucially, the risk of dying in any one year for the average person is pretty low, so a 62 percent annual increase in risk of death may not be alarming as it sounds.(关键的是，普通人每年死亡的风险相当低，因此，死亡风险每年增加62%可能并不像听起来那么令人担忧。)”可知，作者认为62%的年度死亡风险增加可能并不那么令人担忧的原因是普通人每年死亡的机会相对较小。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’s tempting to interpret this as meaning that Wanda’s life is going to be 62 percent shorter than Winona’s, but that’s not what’s going on. Crucially, the risk of dying in any one year for the average person is pretty low, so a 62 percent annual increase in risk of death may not be alarming as it sounds.(Wanda的寿命将比维诺娜短62%是很有诱惑力的，但事实并非如此。关键在于，对于普通人来说，任何一年的死亡风险都相当低，因此，死亡风险每年增加62%听起来可能很吓人，但实际上可能并不那么令人担忧。)”可知，尽管新闻报道声称超加工食品会增加死亡风险，但实际上这种风险增加可能并不如报道中所说的那么严重。因此，可以得出结论，超加工食品的危害并不像报道中所说的那么严重。故选C。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Need a digital diet? Here’s what worked for me I was having a desirable weekday lie-in when my four-year-old bounded in to inform me it was time to get dressed. Shocked to find I had wasted nearly two hours scrolling mindlessly through my phone instead of resting, I got out of bed feeling more mentally exhausted than on mornings when I get up at dawn. Thinking about what sort of digital diet to put myself on, I came across Mind Over Tech, founded by web developer Jonathan Gammer. About five years ago, Gammer noticed that part of his mental disquiet came from having limited control over his attention when he used his phone. ____47____. The product that grew out of Gammer’s wake-up call is a physical deck (副) of 50 cards, each bearing bite-sized experiments to help users approach technology more mindfully. Over a 24-hour period I tried a few out, including: ‌“Avoid early morning,” which asked me to try to delay the first moment when I engage with my phone each morning, and ‌“Post-It note on my phone screen,” to help me notice when and why I pick it up. ____48____ The first two cards — plus ‌“Avoid your inbox until afternoon” — worked well for me. Over two weeks, I practiced them each day and found myself feeling more positive about my relationship with technology, more able to exercise self-control when it came to my phone and more productive overall. I think these are habits I will return to regularly. ____49____ The ‌“Delay the urge to search” card was a spectacular fail, as I spent most of an entire day searching hotel reviews for an upcoming trip to the US. My favourite part of this experience has been using pen and paper to plan and take notes. Every time I sit down with the deck and my notebook, my two-year-old comes over, attracted by the bright colours on the cards. ____50____ That’s the habit I hope to keep. A. Other cards never quite stuck. B. I’ve found families are struggling to reset. C. Together, we spend 20 absorbed minutes sorting them by colour and dividing them into piles, time when neither of us is distracted by a screen. D. I was setting out to do one task but being sidetracked into something totally different. E. But what really matters day to day for you is how you feel that extra hour in your morning is best spent. F. The goal, says Gammer, is not to force yourself to change, but to try to build a new healthy habit, like less caffeine. 【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者因无意识刷手机而感到疲惫，从而尝试“数字饮食”方法，通过使用Mind Over Tech的卡片进行实验，最终改善了与科技的关系并养成新习惯。 【47题详解】 上文“About five years ago, Gammer noticed that part of his mental disquiet came from having limited control over his attention when he used his phone.(大约五年前，Gammer注意到他内心不安的部分原因在于使用手机时对自己的注意力控制有限)”指出Gammer发现自己使用手机时注意力失控，D选项“I was setting out to do one task but being sidetracked into something totally different.(我本打算做一件事，却不知不觉被引到完全不同的方向)”承接上文，具体描述了注意力失控的表现——本想做一件事却被引到别处；下文“The product that grew out of Gammer’s wake-up call is a physical deck (堆) of 50 cards, each bearing bite-sized experiments to help users approach technology more mindfully.(Gammer觉醒后诞生的产品是一副50张的实体卡片，每张卡片上都有小型实验，帮助用户更有意识地使用科技)”进一步说明了这一发现催生出的解决方案，与D选项中的“being sidetracked”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。 【48题详解】 上文“Over a 24-hour period I tried a few out, including: ‌“Avoid early morning,” which asked me to try to delay the first moment when I engage with my phone each morning, and ‌“Post-It note on my phone screen,” to help me notice when and why I pick it up.(在24小时内，我尝试了几张卡片，包括：“避开清晨”，它要求我尽量推迟每天早上接触手机的第一个时刻，以及“在手机屏幕上贴便签”，帮助我注意到我何时以及为什么拿起手机)”介绍了作者尝试的具体卡片实验，F选项“The goal, says Gammer, is not to force yourself to change, but to try to build a new healthy habit, like less caffeine.(Gammer说，目标不是强迫自己改变，而是尝试建立一种新的健康习惯，比如少摄入咖啡因)”承接上文，点明了这些实验背后的理念——不是强迫改变，而是建立新习惯；下文“The first two cards — plus ‌“Avoid your inbox until afternoon” — worked well for me.(前两张卡片，加上“下午之前避开收件箱”，对我很有效)”说明了作者尝试这些卡片后的实际效果，与F选项中的“build a new healthy habit”相呼应。 【49题详解】 上文“Over two weeks, I practiced them each day and found myself feeling more positive about my relationship with technology, more able to exercise self-control when it came to my phone and more productive overall. I think these are habits I will return to regularly.(在两周的时间里，我每天都练习这些方法，发现自己对与科技的关系更加积极，在手机方面更能行使自我控制，整体上也更有效率。我认为这些是我会经常回归的习惯)”总结了作者坚持练习后的积极效果，A选项“Other cards never quite stuck.(其他卡片从未真正奏效)”与上文构成转折关系，指出并非所有卡片都有效；下文“The ‌“Delay the urge to search” card was a spectacular fail, as I spent most of an entire day searching hotel reviews for an upcoming trip to the US.(“延迟搜索冲动”那张卡片是彻底失败，因为我花了几乎一整天时间为即将到来的美国之旅搜索酒店评论)”具体举例说明了A选项中“其他卡片从未真正奏效”的情况，上下文语意连贯。 【50题详解】 上文“My favourite part of this experience has been using pen and paper to plan and take notes. Every time I sit down with the deck and my notebook, my two-year-old comes over, attracted by the bright colours on the cards.(这次经历中我最喜欢的部分是用纸笔做计划和记笔记。每次我坐下来拿着卡片和笔记本时，我两岁的孩子就会被卡片上鲜艳的颜色吸引过来)”描述了作者与孩子因卡片而互动的场景，C选项“Together, we spend 20 absorbed minutes sorting them by colour and dividing them into piles, time when neither of us is distracted by a screen.(我们一起花20分钟全神贯注地按颜色分类并把它们分成几堆，那段时间我们俩都没有被屏幕分心)”承接上文，具体描述了亲子互动的过程；下文“That’s the habit I hope to keep.(这就是我希望保持的习惯)”中的“That”指代C选项中描述的亲子互动习惯，上下文语意连贯。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A World of Water Water is essential to life and we depend on it, yet many people take water for granted. As the population of the world increases, and with it the demand for water, there is growing concern that our water supplies will not prove adequate. In areas near the coast, an obvious solution to this problem is to find ways of using the abundant supply of water from the sea. Water covers 70% of the surface of the earth, but 98% of this is undrinkable salt water. However, for centuries man has experimented with different methods of converting salt water into fresh water in a process called desalination, whereby salt and contaminants (污染物) are removed from the water. The challenge, nowadays, is to do this on a much larger scale. One place which has used desalination for many years is the United Arab Emirates (the UAE). It installed the first desalination plants in 1972, and nowadays most of the drinking water in the country is supplied by the process. New filtration systems have been developed to replace the traditional methods, which used a heating process. Another example is Saudi Arabia, whose desalination plants produce almost 25% of the world’s desalinated water. One of the largest plants in the world has been constructed there, producing 300 billion litres annually. Unfortunately, desalination is an expensive process using large amounts of energy, but research is currently being carried out into the development of more efficient technology using a combination of different methods. To supply water to 25% of the world’s population living within 25 kilometres of the sea, more desalination plants are expected to be built in the future. The hope is that the technology currently being developed will lower the costs and help solve the problem of water shortages in many parts of the world. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 To ease the growing water shortage caused by population growth, people turn to desalination, a process that removes salt and contaminants from sea water. The UAE and Saudi Arabia have long used it to supply drinking water. However, since it is expensive and energy-consuming, researchers are developing more efficient technology combining different methods. 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍海水淡化是缓解全球水资源短缺的方法，并以阿联酋和沙特为例说明其应用，同时指出其昂贵耗能，需研发更高效的技术。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①As the population of the world increases, and with it the demand for water, there is growing concern that our water supplies will not prove adequate. ②In areas near the coast, an obvious solution to this problem is to find ways of using the abundant supply of water from the sea. ③However, for centuries man has experimented with different methods of converting salt water into fresh water in a process called desalination, whereby salt and contaminants (污染物) are removed from the water. ④The challenge, nowadays, is to do this on a much larger scale. ⑤One place which has used desalination for many years is the United Arab Emirates (the UAE). ⑥Another example is Saudi Arabia, whose desalination plants produce almost 25% of the world’s desalinated water. ⑦Unfortunately, desalination is an expensive process using large amounts of energy, but research is currently being carried out into the development of more efficient technology using a combination of different methods. ⑧To supply water to 25% of the world’s population living within 25 kilometres of the sea, more desalination plants are expected to be built in the future. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点整合，说明人口增长导致水资源短缺，利用海水是明显解决方案；将第3、4两个要点整合，说明海水淡化可去除盐和污染物，如今挑战在于大规模实施；将第5、6两个要点整合，以阿联酋和沙特为例说明海水淡化的长期应用；将第7、8两个要点整合，说明该过程昂贵耗能，正研发多种方法结合的高效技术。 3. 遣词造句 To ease the growing water shortage caused by population growth, people turn to desalination, a process that removes salt and contaminants from sea water. The UAE and Saudi Arabia have long used it to supply drinking water. However, since it is expensive and energy-consuming, researchers are developing more efficient technology combining different methods. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To ease the growing water shortage caused by population growth, people turn to desalination, a process that removes salt and contaminants from sea water. (运用了不定式短语To ease作目的状语和that引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] However, since it is expensive and energy-consuming, researchers are developing more efficient technology combining different methods. (运用了since引导的原因状语从句) IV. Translation Directions：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这个病人似乎无法公开表达自己的情绪。(difficulty) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This patient seems/seemed to have difficulty (in) expressing her emotions openly. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这个病人”用This patient；表示“似乎”短语为seem to do，此处可视为描述当下状态，用一般现在时seems，也可视为描述过去观察到的状态，用一般过去时seemed；表示“无法做某事”短语为have difficulty (in) doing sth.；表示“表达自己的情绪”用动名词短语expressing her emotions，作介词in的宾语；表示“公开地”用副词openly，作状语。 53. 我要去图书馆找一本引人入胜的小说，以便在假期里阅读。(in search) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I’m heading to the library in search of an absorbing novel to read during my vacation. 【解析】 【详解】“去”可用动词短语head to，表示位置移动，可用现在进行时表示已经安排好的将来动作，“图书馆”可用名词短语the library，“找一本引人入胜的小说”可用介词短语in search of和名词短语an absorbing novel搭配，“以便在假期里阅读”描述的是“小说”的用途或功能，可用不定式作后置定语，“阅读”可用动词read，“在假期里”可用介词短语during my vacation。 54. 美术馆自豪地展示了各种各样的雕塑，这些雕塑在形式和材料上都各不相同。(vary) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The art gallery proudly displayed a diverse collection of sculptures, which vary in form and material. 【解析】 【详解】句子可处理为主从复合句，“这些雕塑在形式和材料上都各不相同”可用非限制性定语从句表示；主句应该是陈述过去发生的事，时态宜用一般过去时，主语“美术馆”可用名词短语the art gallery，状语“自豪地”可用副词proudly，谓语“展示”可用动词display，宾语“各种各样的雕塑”可用名词短语a diverse collection of sculptures；sculptures为从句的先行词，指物，在句中作主语，引导词用关系代词which，从句描述一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时，“在……上都各不相同”可用动词短语vary in，“形式和材料”可用名词短语form and material。 55. 从舞蹈服饰到中国舞文化知识，这位舞蹈老师给澳大利亚的学生带来了耳目一新的舞蹈文化体验。(bring) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】From dance costumes to knowledge of Chinese dance culture, this dance teacher brought a refreshing dance cultural experience to Australian students. 【解析】 【详解】 “从舞蹈服饰到中国舞文化知识”表达为From dance costumes to knowledge of Chinese dance culture；“这位舞蹈老师”为this dance teacher；“给某人带来某物”为bring sth to sb；“耳目一新的”为refreshing；“舞蹈文化体验”为dance cultural experience；“澳大利亚的学生”为Australian students；事情已经发生，用一般过去时brought。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇关于“经典”的文章，你对此话题很感兴趣，给该杂志“读者来信”专栏写一封信，内容须包括： 1) 你认为“经典作品（如音乐、文学、电影等）”有哪些特点； 2) 用一个具体例子说明你的观点。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Editor, I am writing to share my reflections on your recent article concerning “classics”. As an avid reader of your magazine, I found the topic profoundly intriguing. From my perspective, what distinguishes a true classic from fleeting entertainment is its remarkable ability to withstand the test of time and resonate deeply with audiences across generations. Moreover, classics frequently encapsulate universal values and timeless truths about human nature. A compelling case in point is Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's masterpiece, The Little Prince. Although superficially presented as a children's fairy tale, it actually offers profound philosophical insights into love, responsibility, and solitude. Whenever I revisit it at different stages of my life, I invariably uncover new layers of meaning, which perfectly exemplifies its enduring charm. In conclusion, classics are not merely relics of the past, but timeless treasures that continually enrich our souls. I sincerely hope your magazine will continue to introduce more such remarkable works to us. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以高三学生李明的身份，给英语杂志“读者来信”专栏写信，围绕“经典”话题阐述经典作品的特点并举例说明。 【详解】1.词汇积累 短暂的：fleeting → temporary 有说服力的：compelling → convincing 永恒的：enduring → everlasting 真诚地：sincerely → heartily 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Classics are not merely relics of the past, but timeless treasures. 拓展句：Classics are not merely relics that belong to the past, but timeless treasures that continually enrich our souls. 【点睛】【高分句型1】From my perspective, what distinguishes a true classic from fleeting entertainment is its remarkable ability to withstand the test of time and resonate deeply with audiences across generations. （运用了what引导的主语从句） 【高分句型2】Whenever I revisit it at different stages of my life, I invariably uncover new layers of meaning, which perfectly exemplifies its enduring charm.（运用了whenever引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $