上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科12月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科12月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. relies 2. are continually being put 3. to define 4. how 5. Even if 6. where 7. closest 8. produced 9. carrying 10. in Section B 11. I 12. E 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. H 18. J 19. F 20. K II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. A Section B 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. A 46. C Section C 47. F 48. B 49. A 50. D III. Summary Writing 51. Memory experts suggest several ways to improve memory. Waiting some time before re-studying material, taking breaks after studying, and changing between different topics during study sessions can help retain information. Linking ideas and using memorable images or locations for new information also enhance memory. Improving memory is within our control, making it possible to retain more effectively. IV. Translation 52. No other season is more beautiful than summer for this tree-lined road. 53. It’s better not to do any outdoor sports today as the air quality is not good. 54. What is worth noticing is that this violinist hasn’t participated in any commercial performance since three years ago. 55. The last result I want to see is that all my students care only about their scores rather than their learning process. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Wang Lei, I am writing in response to your recent email regarding your dilemma over college major selection. I can completely understand your confusion. However, I firmly believe that you should follow your passion and choose English as your major, despite the practical concerns raised by your parents and friends. First and foremost, genuine interest serves as a powerful catalyst for academic excellence. If you study what you truly love, you will be highly motivated, which will undoubtedly lead to outstanding academic performance and long-term career advancement. Furthermore, the alleged grim job market for English majors is actually a misconception. With the accelerating pace of globalization, English is no longer merely a subject but a crucial bridge to diverse fields. Proficiency in English, combined with knowledge in other areas like international trade or technology, will make you highly competitive. Therefore, I encourage you to communicate your determination calmly with your parents. As long as you are well-prepared and equipped with versatile skills, you will definitely carve out a fulfilling path for yourself. Yours, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科12月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What is the minimum difference a species must show in order to be classed as a new species? This is less straightforward than it seems. The concept of species, as a way of classifying animals and plants, 1          (rely) on finding some feature that all members of that species share, and which is unique to them. This works pretty well for many organisms, but species 2          (continually put) together or split into two as biologists search for the perfect classification system. There are currently at least 26 different ways 3          (define) the concept of a species. Some consider physical or genetic similarity, while others consider whether populations interbreed (杂交繁殖)-or whether they could if they weren't separated by a geographical barrier, such as a mountain range or ocean. Other definitions of species focus on the evolutionary history of the organism, grouping species according to 4          recently they shared a common ancestor. 5          biologists could agree on a single definition of a species, identifying a point at which a new species is created would still be difficult. Theoretically, the minimum difference could be single mutated (变异) gene, marking a fork in the evolutionary tree 6          one species splits into two. However, biologists almost certainly wouldn't recognise the creation of the new species until later, when the genetic mutation appeared as a difference in the way the animal looked or behaved. The 7          (close) we've come to this was probably in 2016, when researchers at the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia artificially altered the genome (基因组) of a species of Drosophila fruit fly. This change to a single gene altered the frequency of the courtship song 8          (produce) by the male fly. The insects 9          (carry) this gene could still mate with the wild population, so they couldn't be considered a separate species by most definitions. But they preferred to mate with similarly mutated flies, and if this mutation had occurred in the wild, it's possible that this might have resulted 10          the evolution of a new species. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. boosting B. comparison C. confirmed D. encouraged E. integrates F. intensive G. illustrates H. messages I. multisensory J. novel K. practice Learn a language or instrument So far only two types of mental exercise have been shown to improve or preserve overall cognitive (认知的) ability. One is musical training; the other is learning a new language, or practising a second one you have already learned. Gottfried Schlaug, director of the Music and Neuroimaging Laboratory at Harvard University explains: "Listening to and making music is not only a hearing experience; it's a (n) 11          and motor experience. Playing an instrument changes how the brain interprets and 12          a wide range of sensory information, and making music over a long period of time can change brain function and brain structure." As for the role of language-learning in 13          brain power, a team at Edinburgh University assessed mental alertness in a group of 33 students (Aged 18-78) who undertook a one-week Scottish Gaelic course. After the course they were 14          to practise their new language for five hours a week. At the end of the course, their attention was found to be better than 15          groups who had done other types of courses or no course at all, and nine months later those who had been practicing had bumped up their attention span (持续) even more. Lead researcher, Dr Thomas Bak of the School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences said the results 16          the cognitive benefits of language-learning. "I think there are three important 17          from our study. Firstly, it is never too late to start a (n) 18          mental activity such as learning a new language. Secondly, even a short, 19          course can show beneficial effects on some cognitive functions. Thirdly, this effect can be maintained through 20         ." II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Many of us have been conditioned to keep our anger hidden. Increasingly, research is suggesting that this can have negative effects on our health. Is it 21         , then, to scream and shout whenever something makes you mad? Recent research indicates that when we 22          our anger aggressively, it can actually increase the intensity of the anger—and increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future. If we shouldn't bottle up our angry feelings but aggressive behavior does no good either, how should we handle things that 23          us? It's the extreme highs and lows that play a role. If you're able to apply techniques that smooth out some of those peaks and 24         , you can have a gentler ride. Start by looking beyond the surface-level trigger (触发点) to your anger. Anger is often caused by 25          feelings of fear, anxiety, disappointment, and guilt. Maybe you're angry that your friend is late, but it's really because you were afraid he or she had had a car accident in the bad weather. Also, pay close attention to your triggers—those daily annoyances that you know will 26         . Do you get angry at the long lines at the grocery store? Take a step back and consider that it isn't 27         . Everyone in the line has dinner to make, just like you. One proven method of dealing with anger is to 28          it. Brain imaging at the University of California has shown that if you name your feelings, you can actually calm the activity in the amygdala, the part of the brain that triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol (肾上腺素和皮质醇). "There is a(n) 29          to expressing that you don't like what's happening, because it's an opportunity for change," says Diane McIntosh, a psychiatrist in Vancouver, British Columbia. It helps to take a cool-down period before explaining to someone you're angry with how he or she rocked your boat. That will allow for the effects of the adrenaline to wear off, which, 30         , allows you to reflect on what's bothering you. Do some controlled breathing or find some 31          activity to take the edge off. "There's clear evidence that exercise helps with feelings of anger," says McIntosh. When you're ready to approach the other person, focus on the behavior and why it upsets you, not the person's character traits. Don't make 32         , such as "You always do this!" The idea, says Keelan, "is to bring up your 33          points to the other person in a manner that is most likely to get a constructive and non-defensive response." If you're on the 34          end, remember that there are benefits to acknowledging and trying to understand the other person's anger. Try offering to make a change, if that seems fair to you. If you're willing to be a partner in working through 35          situations, the other person will be much more likely to bring matters up constructively in the future. In the end, you'll both be healthier for it. 21. A. harder B. easier C. worse D. better 22. A. swallow B. imagine C. display D. understand 23. A. annoy B. attract C. affect D. advance 24. A. pities B. valleys C. moments D. decisions 25. A. positive B. similar C. injured D. underlying 26. A. look you up B. keep you away C. set you off D. take you in 27. A. normal B. difficult C. important D. personal 28. A. listen to B. think of C. talk about D. rely on 29. A. approach B. solution C. devotion D. value 30. A. in turn B. by contrast C. on average D. without hesitation 31. A. routine B. physical C. creative D. enjoyable 32. A. generalizations B. appointments C. presentations D. conclusions 33. A. reasonable B. various C. strategic D. evident 34. A. paying B. receiving C. rising D. losing 35. A. heated B. real-life C. working D. exceptional Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Blue Planet is an amazing series, making the diversity of life in our seas and oceans accessible to all. And Blue Planet II took a critical step by also highlighting the challenges affecting our oceans. One such issue is that of plastic pollution, something I have researched for over 20 years. I have written more scientific papers on the topic than anyone else—but science alone is of limited value unless communicated. That's especially important with plastic pollution where actions by all of us, in daily life, are needed to make a difference. There has been a marked increase in interest in plastic pollution; some in the field call this "the Blue Planet II effect". Michael Gove, for example, was apparently drawn by the images of plastic bags in one episode. Images of seabirds eating plastic goods were particularly shocking. A few minutes of coverage by Blue Planet II has done more to raise awareness than the decades of underlying research could ever have done alone. A step change in awareness is one thing, but what's actually changed since the series went on air in October 2017? In 2018, twice as many volunteers participated in the Great British Beach Clean than the year before, and they reported on average a 16 per cent decrease in the number of items collected. This is a fantastic achievement, but clean-up on its own will not fix the problem. More systemic change is required, and that will take time. Over the last 60 years, we have become accustomed to the convenience of single-use plastics. It has become acceptable for items to be used in an instant, even though the resultant waste persists for decades. In my view, the challenge going forward lies in matching potential solutions to the specific uses of plastic. How and where should we adopt the different strategies—reduce, reuse, recycle, biodegrade, compost? Evidence about the problem is now clear, but evidence about which specific actions to take, and in which circumstances, is far less clear. 36. According to the writer, what is an achievement of Blue Planet II? A. It has given scientists inspirations for their work. B. It has revealed how fast the oceans are shrinking. C. It has aroused people's interest in plastic pollution. D. It has become one of the most popular TV series globally. 37. The Great British Beach Clean is mentioned in paragraph 3 in order to A. cast doubt on the real effect of clean-up B. suggest a possible solution to ocean pollution C. indicate how much we rely on single-use plastics D. imply that Blue Planet II has brought about change 38. According to the writer, what is a real challenge now? A. Making "the Blue Planet II effect" last longer. B. Collecting more evidence for plastic pollution. C. Dealing with different kinds of plastic properly. D. Communicating the harm of plastic to the public. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Blue Planet II: Did It Have an Impact on Plastic Pollution? B. Blue Planet II: How Did It Win the Hearts of the Public? C. Blue Planet II: How Did We Take Full Advantage of It? D. Blue Planet II: Did It Work Against Science? （B） Yvonne Morones, who has a pet dog named Scamp the Wonder, is talking with the Pet Journal about Scamp. 40          When I saw Scamp on Petfinder, all of a sudden I understood what love was like. I suddenly found I loved him because I fell in love with his face. What did you know about him when you adopted him? He'd been living on the street in Compton, California, and people were feeding him McDonald's. And his name was Muffin Man, which didn't seem to fit him at all. What do you do to give him that bed head look? It's au naturel! He does get a mango shampoo and a coconut conditioner, but these gray dreads just appear on his head, back, and tail. The pet hairdresser says his hair is uncontrollable. Scamp works with you as a social therapy dog too. How do people react to his unusual looks? The first time he went to the senior center with me, the seniors just laughed and said, "Yvonne, what have you got there?" Then they fell in love with him. They'll even write little adventure stories about Scamp. He just inspires people. Has being awarded the world's ugliest dog changed him? He's no longer Scamp the Wonder. He's now Scamp the Champ. Now I have to get him a new dog tag. 40. Which of the following best fits the blank numbered 40          in the passage? A. Why did you go to Petfinder so often? B. What did you often find on Petfinder? C. Who brought you Scamp the Wonder? D. How did you first meet Scamp the Wonder? 41. By "It's au naturel!", Yvonne means that A. Scamp turned gray after being adopted by her B. Scamp is fond of being washed with shampoo C. nothing has been done to change Scamp's appearance D. it is the pet hairdresser who has given Scamp his new look 42. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Scamp used to live a hard life on the street. B. Scamp is popular with children as well as seniors. C. Yvonne changed Scamp's name after the award. D. Yvonne writes adventure stories about Scamp. （C） A generation understandably frightened by "adulting" may well welcome the linguistic (语言的) comfort food of childlike language. And once established, the habit can easily make the jump to those of us more advanced in years. After all, a kid is inside every one of us, and few people are resistant to the infectiousness of creativity. Young people are the primary drivers of language change, but even we "olds" - as the young are used to putting it - like to change things up now and then. As new slang creeps across generational divides, however, it inevitably stirs up people's deepest linguistic anxieties. Does the new trend of kidspeak represent a dumbing-down of the English language? Just the opposite: With the rise of kidspeak, we are actually witnessing English's enrichment. It has long been ordinary for one language to borrow from another, and even from a dialect of the same language: Black English has lent mainstream English words like diss and the "angry" meaning of salty. Kidspeak extends our word stock in exactly the same way that Old Norse, French, and Latin once did. On the internet, for example, kidspeak refers to a "smol kitty" and a "smol baby," but not a "smol mailbox" or "smol Blu-ray player." Smol, then, is not merely a way of spelling small, but a more specific term referring to cuteness. Just missing out on becoming Word of the Year at the American Dialect Society's 2019 meeting was “yeet”, seemingly meant to imitate the sound of something being thrown into a container or through a net (and often pronounced with a celebratory gesture to that effect). One now speaks of "yeeting" an empty can into the trash, and the word has even developed an irregular past-tense form, yote. We have kidspeak to thank for introducing these new layers of playfulness into our vocabulary. English today is arguably more fertile than it's been since Shakespeare's time, and those worried about the novelty of kidspeak might consider that not so long ago pedants (顽固派) were insisting the proper person should say "bal-coh-nee" for balcony, stamp out "nonwords" such as standpoint, and use obnoxious to mean "ripe for injury." Their arguments failed miserably when presented to everyday speakers, who tend to have good intuition about how language should work. Amid today's news cycles, the emergence of kidspeak is something to celebrate. This new slang is a totally natural and endlessly witty collective advancement of the American idiom. It makes for more interesting talk. I, at least, am glad to be living with the English of right now, surrounded by all the new words. 43. According to the speaker, what does the popularity of childlike language reflect? A. Old people's increasing anxieties. B. People's reluctance to growing up. C. Young people's resistance to changes. D. The deepening of generational divides. 44. The example of "smol" is intended to ________. A. form a sharp contrast with the word "yeet" B. illustrate that kidspeak enriches the English language C. reveal how new words are loaned from other languages D. remind readers that many English words are borrowed words 45. Which of the following statements about kidspeak is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Kidspeak does more good than harm to English. B. Kidspeak is not all playful as commonly thought. C. Kidspeak was awarded 2019's Word of the Year. D. Kidspeak is regarded as something overestimated. 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The emergence of kidspeak is the result of linguists' collective wisdom. B. The English language hasn't changed much since Shakespeare's time. C. The development of English depends mainly on everyday speakers. D. The advancement of the American idiom contributes to kidspeak. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What You Should Know about the Arctic A. The Arctic has been occupied for a very long time and the cultures are remarkably old. B. In general, Arctic winters are dark. C. This romantic idea of the Arctic is appealing, but of course false. D. Inhabitants hunted mammoth and other large animals that are now extinct and they developed the first Arctic art. E. But these lean seasons alternate with periods of extraordinary abundance in the summer. F. The Arctic is the most northern place on earth and covers 4% of its surface. You might have a picture in your mind of the Arctic- with its vast icy landscapes and plentiful wildlife. But where actually is the Arctic and what cultures live there? 47          Its centre, the North Pole, rests over the Arctic Ocean, which until recently has been covered by relatively stable, year-round sea ice. The Arctic Circle sets both the southern boundary of the Arctic and the latitude (66.5°North) at which the sun remains above, or below, the horizon for 24 hours, at least one day per year. The further north you go, sunlight is gained or lost at greater speed. 48          Moonlight reflecting off snow and ice generates light but life adjusts to the dim. Summers are full of light and people full of energy. However, the intense sunlight reflecting off snow or ice in spring can be very harmful and cause blindness, so Arctic Peoples have made glasses to protect their eyes. Today, Arctic Peoples use hats and sunglasses, but some historic models elegantly protected the eyes, focused the vision, and helped communicate identity through their different styles. Today, four million people live in the Arctic. They are spread across the eight countries with territory in the Arctic: Russia, USA, Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland. Only 10% of those Arctic inhabitants are indigenous to the region, belonging to one or more of the 40 different cultural groups. 49          When much of Europe was covered in glaciers, the plains of northeastern Siberia were glacier free and it was possible to settle. Recent archaeological findings show that hunters occupied the mouth of the Yana River of northeastern Siberia 30,000 years ago. The ancient people of Yana (in north eastern Siberia) spent a lot of time making jewellery, decorating themselves with animal-teeth pendants and beads made from mammoth ivory, hare bones or rare minerals. They also made bracelets carved with detailed marks indicating personal or community identity. The earliest Arctic inhabitants led rich lives, and used resources available to them in innovative ways. 50          For example, they invented tools to help them survive the cold. They hunted animals and used their skins for clothes. They also developed their own art and music. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can we improve our memory? We've all been there-staring at a pile of books, desperately hoping that what we study will stick in our mind. Many of us have probably asked if there's any way that we can get better at remembering things. So, why don't we look at what memory experts say about this? Every student who has made flashcards knows that it can be helpful to go back over what they've studied before. According to The Learning Scientists-a group of cognitive scientists-we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. They say that trying to get something back from your memory after you have had some time to forget it will make it easier to remember in future. Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. We don't know exactly why this happens, but it has been suggested that it's to do with the relationship between long-term and short-term memory. Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. Now linking ideas and relating them to each other or to images are often suggested as good ways to memorize something. Former world memory champion Jonathan Hancock highlights how picturing pieces of information in different physical locations or linking them to memorable images makes them easier to remember. Linking new information to things that are easier to remember is a technique that many people use -it could be making letter patterns into words called memories, or by sorting things into categories. So, the good news to take from this is that while it may be hard, improving our memory is something we can control. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 夏天是这条绿树成荫的马路最美的时节。(than) 53. 今天空气质量不好，最好不要进行任何户外运动。(better) 54. 值得大家关注的是，这位小提琴家从三年前起已不参加任何商演。(since) 55. 我最不希望看到的结果是我的学生都只关注学习成绩而不在乎学习过程。(the last) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王磊的邮件。在邮件中，王磊提到了最近遇到的困惑：一直以来他都想选择英语作为大学的主修专业，但是身边的朋友和家长对他的这一想法表示反对，原因主要是选择英语专业可能以后就业比较困难。回复王磊一份邮件，内容须包括：1)你对他这一想法的态度； 2)你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $