精品解析：上海市闵行区华东理工大学附属闵行科技高级中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月月考英语卷

2026学年第一学期高二英语10月考试卷 （时间：120 分值：150 命题人：刘方） I. Listening Comprehension （25分） Section A （10分） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Work at the store. B. Sell books. C. Go to the beach. D. Go over lessons. 2. A. 9:15. B. 9:20. C. 9:30. D. 9:40. 3. A. Check the man’s eyes. B. Adjust the new glasses. C. Change the old glasses. D. Put on the special spectacles. 4. A. At a train station. B. At a theatre. C. At a hotel. D. On a train. 5. A. Salesman and customer. B. Professor and student C. Nurse and patient. D. Doctor and patient. 6. A. She avoids most of her neighbors. B. She likes to make friends with everyone. C. Most of the neighbors are unfriendly. D. Some neighbors are hard to deal with. 7. A. Her watch is stolen all of sudden. B. She is able to fix her watch. C. Her watch is a few minutes fast. D. Her watch needs checking. 8. A. Teaching English is the biggest business throughout the world. B. Language schools are being established everywhere. C. Many Canadians are fond of teaching English in Canada. D. Language schools are more than other types of schools. 9. A. She can find a person to help him. B. She can give him a helping hand. C. She needs a dictionary now, too. D. She picked up a dictionary somewhere. 10. A. He’s learned a lot from the play. B. He finds the plots hard to follow. C. He can tell the characters from each other. D. He usually has difficulty telling characters. Section B （15分） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. By depositing layers of material on top of each other. B. By creating a solid object on paper. C. By laying down ink on a 2D material. D. By setting down layers of different ingredients. 12. A. It can make items with a water-absorbent material. B. It can manufacture shape-shifting 3D structures. C. It can print 3D items using different materials. D. It can double 3D items in volume in water. 13. A. Developing numerous new materials. B. Using a water-absorbent material in projects. C. Having a wide range of applications. D. Producing a framework that can fold and stretch. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Harmful substances in the smoke from homes. B. Damp chemical gases from factory chimneys. C. Smoke from homes mixed with dust in the air. D. Mixture of fog, smoke and other waste gases. 15. A. Harmful gases rise and fall between layers of cold and warm air. B. Smoke and chemical gases build up under a layer of warm air. C. Smoke and waste gases remain near the ground as cold air pours in. D. Thick smoke and gases blown by the wind pile up above warm air. 16. A. Temperature inversion. B. Solar radiation. C. Automobile exhausts. D. Foggy weather. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Because she wants to buy some secondhand things. B. Because she thinks it amazing to eat and bargain there. C. Because she decides to buy some big-ticket items. D. Because she is too busy in the daytime on weekends. 18. A. Flea markets are held in the daytime only. B. Flea markets only provide used things. C. Night markets only happen on weekends. D. Only night markets provide good deals. 19. A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 20. A. Trash and treasure go hand in hand. B. One’s trash is similar to his treasure. C. Trash is equal to treasure to a degree. D. Different people have different needs. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A （15分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits the blank. Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience ____1____ (inspire) your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? ____2____ so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University, ____3____ high school students: ●   Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who ____4____ (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. ●   Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown. ●   Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers. ●   Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable to any major and career. The academy offers two options: ____5____ on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students ____6____ (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option ____7____ (organize) in three sections: ●   Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format. A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments. ●   Newsroom provides time for students to apply ____8____ they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. ●   Guest Talks offer students advice and insight ____9____ journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters. Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions ____10____ (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. Section B （15分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. fuel B. escape C. equivalents D. patterns E. wrestle F. contain G. promoting H. games I. rank J. forcing K. addressing California’s Growing Wildfire Crisis California’s wildfires have been fueled by increasingly dangerous conditions over the past two decades, creating a growing crisis. The recent Mountain Fire in Ventura County highlights this alarming trend. Over 10,000 residents were forced to ____11____ their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes. In just two days, the blaze consumed over 20,000 acres, ____12____ Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency. Experts point to a destructive “environmental recipe.” Before the fire, forecasters issued a rare Red Flag warning, cautioning that dry winds and low humidity could turn into ____13____ for fast-spreading wildfires. When the Mountain Fire erupted, strong Santa Ana winds carried embers (灰烬) far and wide, while vegetation from two unusually wet winters acted as ready ____14____. As a result, the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to ____15____ it. Climate change has further shifted the landscape. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts have made vegetation drier and more ignitable. At the same time, wetter winters have encouraged plant growth that later dries out, becoming kindling for fires. Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer ____16____, are driven by intense winds and lower humidity, making them harder to control. Many historical ____17____ show the severity of this trend. The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017, both occurring in winter, ____18____ among California’s most destructive. Additionally, more than half of the state’s largest fires have been recorded in the last decade, underscoring the role of climate change. As California continues to ____19____ with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher. Without ____20____ these environmental shifts, the battle against fire will become an even more difficult game of survival. III. Reading Comprehension Section A （15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize(苦苦思索)over projects at work, and even worry about small errors from the past. High ___21___ are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, ___22___ perfection can have serious consequences to mental and physical well-being. Since perfectionism is ___23___ with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___24___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being unsuccessful. ___25___, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. ___26___, imperfection can actually help us in the long run. One possible ___27___ to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset(思维方式).Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with ___28___ mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a ___29___ role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to ___30___ when they make mistakes. Another ___31___ option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion(自我同情). To understand self-compassion, thank about how you would ___32___ a close friend if they made a mistake. Chances are that you’d probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves ___33___ when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being ___34___ by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial for mental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you’re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try. Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive(认知的)behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning ___35___, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, it’s possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself. 21. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards 22. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing 23. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced 24. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D. bound 25. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average 26. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead 27. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent 28. A. various B. fixed C. positive D. keen 29. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable 30. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive 31. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable 32. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with 33. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently 34. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed 35. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunities Section B （22分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) To us, the kitchen was a mysterious place. Our kitchen at home was so simple: an old Sparks oven, a refrigerator, a sink, and a table. At the New Eastern, it was a busy factory. Almost an entire wall was taken up by a line of huge black woks (锅). This was my father’s stage. He strode (大步走) the length of the four woks, each one fired up by gas flames underneath. Beneath him, blocks of wood, raised off the ground an inch or two, served to give his legs and feet some spring. The sink was the size of a bathtub (浴); the refrigerator had glass doors and stretched three times as wide as the one at home. Every appliance was bigger, and there were things we never saw anywhere else, like the big metal oven in which my father hung long poles holding large pieces of pork. We could hear the fire roaring from the bottom of it. My dad would go about his business, and then, always at exactly the right time, he’d wander over, lift off the top, and take out several poles of barbecued pork—bright red, with black at the tips. If I happened by at that magical moment, I’d stop. “Yeet-gow!” I’d say. And he’d skillfully chop off a piece of the juicy, sweet meat. “One dollar!” he’d shout, and then hand it over. My father made the best food in town. There was nothing he wouldn’t try. He was once proud of a rock candy he invented and determined to sell at the front counter of the New Eastern. We, of course, served as his guinea pigs—we couldn’t bring ourselves to tell him the sad truth: The candy was so hard that it was uneatable. I rolled a piece around my mouth. “Tastes good, Ba-Ba, ”I said. Then, when he looked away, I spat it out. Sometimes, he liked to invent stories to us. Watching my little sister Shirley biting on an apple, he’d lean over. “Don’t eat the seed,” he said, “or an apple tree will grow inside you.” “What?” “Yes. Right inside your stomach, an apple tree!” 36. It can be learned from paragraph 1 and 2 that____________. A. the author’s father can repair springs B. the author enjoys observing in the kitchen C. the author helps to cook difficult dishes D. the author’s family lives in a busy factory 37. How does the author develop the idea that “the kitchen is a mysterious place”? A. By describing how his father manages various tasks in the kitchen. B. By classifying the kitchen appliances into different categories. C. By contrasting the restaurant kitchen with the kitchen at home. D. By explaining why large pieces of pork were placed in the oven. 38. The author mentions the incident of a rock candy in paragraph 3_____________. A. to highlight how he disliked the food his father made B. to illustrate why they often kept secrets from his father C. to emphasize the troubled relationship with his father D. to show the family’s support for his father’s experiments 39. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s father? A. dynamic and playful B. strict and innovative C. talented and greedy D. hardworking and outdated (B) √Social engineering refers to the practice of using non-technical methods to trick people into doing something that gives away sensitive information. Here, watch this case... THE ATTACK THE SETUP: Marketing Director, Marcus, receives a call from a super friendly voice ….. ① “Hi Marcus, it’s Sandra from your bank. I’m sure you’ve heard about those recent Internet attacks. We’re making sure none of our customers were affected. I just need you to head to a website that will confirm the integrity of your account. Here’s the URL.” 40% of all breaches (破坏) involve the use of malware ② THE TRICK: Marcus has heard about the attacks, so he goes to the site and puts in his info. Sandra didn’t ask him for his password, so he thinks he’s safe. ③ THE BREACH: Malware, or malicious software, infects the corporate network and begins to steal data: •Customer data •Intellectual property •Financial records THE DEFENSE ① NOTIFICATION: Security Analyst, Ray, gets a notification and report via email. ②PATTERN DETECTION: Ray uses additional security analytics and visualization to identify an attack pattern and search for similar activity on the network: ③CORRECTIVE MEASURE: In seconds, he identifies the threat and takes action: ④ ? : Natalie, Chief Information Officer, reviews the event and, pleased with Ray’s response, adds network behaviour analysis to their response procedure. She also launches an employee training program in the hope of reducing major security risks and increasing employees’ security awareness. 40. It can be learned from “THE ATTACK” that ________. A. Sandra asks Marcus for his password. B. Marcus steals the key corporate data. C. The attacker gains Marcus’s trust first. D. Sandra is a senior director of the bank. 41. Which of the following best fits the “?”in step ④ of “THE DEFENSE”? A. LESSON B. HEALTH C. PROGRAM D. FINANCE 42. Which of the following is covered in the case? A. What loss the company has suffered. B. How Marcus regretted receiving the call. C. What Natalie has found about the domain. D. How effectively Ray responded to the attack. (C) In the roughly 250 years since the Industrial Revolution, the world’s population, like its wealth, has exploded. Before the end of this century, however, the number of people on the planet could shrink for the first time since the Black Death. The root cause is not an increase in deaths, but a drop in births. Across much of the world the fertility rate, the average number of births per woman, is collapsing. Although the trend may be familiar, its extent and its consequences are not. Even as artificial intelligence (AI) leads to optimism in some quarters, the baby bust (婴儿荒) hangs over the future of the world economy. Whatever some environmentalists say, a shrinking population creates problems. The world is not close to full and the economic difficulties resulting from fewer young people are many. The obvious one is that it is getting harder to support the world’s pensioners. Retired folk draw on the output of the working-aged, either through the state, which requests taxes on workers to pay public pensions, or by cashing in savings to buy goods and services or because relatives provide care unpaid. But whereas the rich world currently has around three people between 20 and 64 years old for everyone over 65, by 2050 it will have less than two. The implications are higher taxes, later retirements, lower real returns for savers and, possibly, government budget crises. Low proportion of workers to pensioners are only one problem resulting from collapsing fertility. Younger people have more of what psychologists call “fluid intelligence”, the ability to think creatively so as to solve problems in entirely new ways. This youthful energy adds to the accumulated knowledge of older workers. It also brings change. Patents filed by the youngest inventors are much more likely to cover breakthrough innovations. Older countries and their young people are less enterprising and less comfortable taking risks. Because the old benefit less than the young when economies grow, they have proved less keen on pro-growth policies, especially housebuilding. Creative destruction is likely to be rarer in ageing societies, restricting productivity growth in ways that compound into an enormous missed opportunity. Eventually, therefore, the world will have to make do with fewer youngsters—and perhaps with a shrinking population. With that in mind, recent advances in AI could not have come at a better time. A productive AI economy might find it easy to support a greater number of retired people. Eventually AI may be able to generate ideas by itself, reducing the need for human intelligence. Combined with robotics, AI may also make caring for the elderly less labour-intensive. Such innovations will certainly be in high demand. If technology does allow humanity to overcome the baby bust, it will fit the historical pattern. Unexpected productivity advances meant that demographic time-bombs (人口定时炸弹) failed to explode. Fewer babies mean less human genius. But that might be a problem human genius can fix. 43. What can be learned from the first paragraph? A. The collapsing fertility rate is to blame for the shrinking population. B. Black Death marked the shrinking number of people for the first time. C. Industrial Revolution weakened the increase of the world’s population. D. The public are familiar with the extent and the influence of the baby bust. 44. What makes it harder to support the world’s pensioners? A. Close relatives have refused to take care of the old without being paid. B. The output of the working-aged which the old can draw on is shrinking. C. The old have cashed in savings to cover expenses of goods and services. D. The government has requested taxes on younger employees to pay pensions. 45. Why does “fluid intelligence” (in Paragraph 3) suffer in ageing societies? A. Because older workers boast more accumulated knowledge. B. Because the old benefit less than the young in creative destruction. C. Because collapsing fertility results in low proportion of workers to pensioners. D. Because restricting productivity growth compounds into a missed opportunity. 46. The best title for the passage is probably _____. A. The Old Pensioners Make a Comeback B. Artificial Intelligence Leads to a Bright Future C. The Measures to Overcome the Baby Bust D. The Effect of the Baby Bust on Economy Section C （8分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Genes Affect Education It has long been debated whether various aspects of our personalities and abilities are influenced more by our genes or our early environment. _____47_____ The extent to which identical twins are more similar in any particular character than non-identical twins reveals how much variation in that character is down to genetics. The rest is usually assumed to be due to the environment. Studies show that many traits are not influenced much by the environment. However, educational attainment—how many years someone spends in school—is often found to be about 35% influenced by the environment. _____48_____ Damien Morris at King’s College London believes the biggest overlooked factor is that people tend to have children with someone with a similar level of education as themselves, an idea known as assortative mating. Morris studied whether people with similar education levels tend to marry by using a recent German twin study. This study collected data not only on the twins but also on their parents and siblings (兄弟姐妹) from nearly 1,000 families. After analyzing this data using the traditional twin study design, environmental differences between families were estimated to account for 43 per cent of the variation in years of schooling. _____49_____ Sure enough, there was more similarity between the educational years of each parental pair than would be expected by chance. Taking this into account, the environmental contribution was estimated to be just 26 per cent. Morris also analyzed the impact of a second factor usually overlooked in twin studies. This is the fact that the early environments of twins are more similar than those of non-twin siblings. _____50_____ When this was taken into account as well, the estimated environmental influence fell to 10 per cent. “This is a very interesting finding,” says Jeremy Freese at Stanford University. “It is unimaginable to me to think that everything that goes on with parents is only a bit player in the story.” A. Other kinds of studies have given higher estimates for the environmental contribution to years of schooling. B. Scientists sometimes investigate the question by comparing different kinds of twins. C. Then, Morris analyzed the same data using a method that also included the parents’ years of education. D. These studies usually overlook two factors, however, leading to falsely high estimates of environmental effects. E. This is the conclusion of a study on twins, which suggests that most previous such research has overestimated the effects of upbringing F. Twins are more likely to have grown up in the same financial circumstances, gone to the same school and so on. III. Summary Writing （10分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Crown (树冠) Shyness Do you love forest bathing or taking walks in the forests? Then once in a while, you’ve witnessed a somewhat appealing phenomenon in which tree crowns in the forest seem to deliberately keep to themselves and avoid touching each other. Strange as this may seem, it is, in fact, a natural phenomenon and has a name: crown shyness. There are many theories behind this fascinating phenomenon, but the most convincing one relates to competition and defense. To grow better, trees depend on vital elements such as sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. By maintaining gaps between their crowns, they can maximize their intake of these necessities, ensuring healthy growth and a balanced ecosystem. Additionally, crown shyness acts as a protective barrier against insects and diseases. The physical separation between tree tops reduces the spread of harmful organisms and lowers the risk of widespread infection that could threaten large areas of the forest. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all trees. The extent and intensity of crown shyness can vary, with some gaps small and other separations obvious. Some people might think this natural phenomenon is merely a random occurrence with no real purpose, but this is not the case. Crown shyness allows each tree to access enough sunlight by preventing the overlap of branches. It ensures that sunlight can reach the lower branches and leaves, promoting their growth and enabling efficient energy production. Moreover, crown shyness aids in the efficient distribution of rainfall. When rain falls through the tree tops, the gaps between tree crowns act as channels, guiding water to the forest floor. It also plays a role in reducing wind resistance. The gaps between tree crowns create pathways for wind to pass through the forest, reducing potential damage caused by strong winds. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 只要努力你学过的知识总能记住的。（learn, by heart）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 53. 不知怎么，越来越多的学生愿意花时间和精力在英语学习上了。（devote）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 54. 野生动物在保护生态环境方面起重要作用，要保护它们免受灭绝的威胁。（role）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 55. 真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们是否具备服务社会的意识和能力。（consist） （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided writing （25分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生，校园公告正在招募志愿者，有三个服务领域可供选择：社区环保志愿活动、敬老院慰问活动和校园赛事志愿活动。任选其一写一篇短文报名，内容包括：选择的活动及理由，具体安排和预期效果。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年第一学期高二英语10月考试卷 （时间：120 分值：150 命题人：刘方） I. Listening Comprehension （25分） Section A （10分） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Work at the store. B. Sell books. C. Go to the beach. D. Go over lessons. 2. A. 9:15. B. 9:20. C. 9:30. D. 9:40. 3. A. Check the man’s eyes. B. Adjust the new glasses. C. Change the old glasses. D. Put on the special spectacles. 4. A. At a train station. B. At a theatre. C. At a hotel. D. On a train. 5. A. Salesman and customer. B. Professor and student C. Nurse and patient. D. Doctor and patient. 6. A. She avoids most of her neighbors. B. She likes to make friends with everyone. C. Most of the neighbors are unfriendly. D. Some neighbors are hard to deal with. 7. A. Her watch is stolen all of sudden. B. She is able to fix her watch. C. Her watch is a few minutes fast. D. Her watch needs checking. 8. A. Teaching English is the biggest business throughout the world. B. Language schools are being established everywhere. C. Many Canadians are fond of teaching English in Canada. D. Language schools are more than other types of schools. 9. A. She can find a person to help him. B. She can give him a helping hand. C. She needs a dictionary now, too. D. She picked up a dictionary somewhere. 10. A. He’s learned a lot from the play. B. He finds the plots hard to follow. C. He can tell the characters from each other. D. He usually has difficulty telling characters. Section B （15分） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. By depositing layers of material on top of each other. B. By creating a solid object on paper. C. By laying down ink on a 2D material. D. By setting down layers of different ingredients. 12. A. It can make items with a water-absorbent material. B. It can manufacture shape-shifting 3D structures. C. It can print 3D items using different materials. D. It can double 3D items in volume in water. 13. A. Developing numerous new materials. B. Using a water-absorbent material in projects. C. Having a wide range of applications. D. Producing a framework that can fold and stretch. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Harmful substances in the smoke from homes. B. Damp chemical gases from factory chimneys. C. Smoke from homes mixed with dust in the air. D. Mixture of fog, smoke and other waste gases. 15. A. Harmful gases rise and fall between layers of cold and warm air. B. Smoke and chemical gases build up under a layer of warm air. C. Smoke and waste gases remain near the ground as cold air pours in. D. Thick smoke and gases blown by the wind pile up above warm air. 16. A. Temperature inversion. B. Solar radiation. C. Automobile exhausts. D. Foggy weather. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Because she wants to buy some secondhand things. B. Because she thinks it amazing to eat and bargain there. C. Because she decides to buy some big-ticket items. D. Because she is too busy in the daytime on weekends. 18. A. Flea markets are held in the daytime only. B. Flea markets only provide used things. C. Night markets only happen on weekends. D. Only night markets provide good deals. 19. A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 20. A. Trash and treasure go hand in hand. B. One’s trash is similar to his treasure. C. Trash is equal to treasure to a degree. D. Different people have different needs. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A （15分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits the blank. Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience ____1____ (inspire) your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? ____2____ so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University, ____3____ high school students: ●   Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who ____4____ (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. ●   Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown. ●   Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers. ●   Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable to any major and career. The academy offers two options: ____5____ on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students ____6____ (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option ____7____ (organize) in three sections: ●   Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format. A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments. ●   Newsroom provides time for students to apply ____8____ they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. ●   Guest Talks offer students advice and insight ____9____ journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters. Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions ____10____ (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. 【答案】1. to inspire 2. If 3. where 4. have shared##shared 5. an 6. drawn 7. is organized##will be organized 8. what 9. from 10. starting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了波士顿大学暑期新闻学院的相关信息。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：寻找能激发你大学论文灵感的经历吗？此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰experience，表示“一种用来启发……的经历”。故填to inspire。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果是这样，那就来看看波士顿大学暑期新闻学院吧。if so表示“如果是这样”，固定搭配。故填If。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：这是一个由波士顿大学为高中生创建和运营的项目。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a program，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：向屡获殊荣的在职记者学习——其中包括两位因报道而共享普利策奖的记者。空处为句子的谓语动词。这里可以强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。也可用表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故填have shared/shared。 【5题详解】 考查冠词。句意：学院提供两种选择：一个为期三周的针对有新闻经验学生的校园住宿项目，以及一个为期两周的适合所有经验水平的在家学习项目。program为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个校园住宿项目”，且on-campus发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于喜欢摄影的学生，我们为两者都提供了专门的新闻摄影课程。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词students，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作定语。故填drawn。 【7题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：每个选项都分为三个部分。主语Every option与organize之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态。也可以表示将要发生的动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 is organized/will be organized。 【8题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：新闻编辑室为学生提供了将课堂上学到的知识应用到实际新闻工作中的时间。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作learn的宾语，表示“……的东西”，用what引导该从句。故填what。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：嘉宾演讲为学生提供来自新闻专家的建议和见解，主题包括广播报道和大学新闻学习等。结合语境可知，此处表示“来自新闻专家的建议和见解”，需用介词from。故填from。 【10题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：从6月17日、7月1日和7月15日开始的在家学习课程的申请截止日期为5月10日。此处作后置定语，修饰sessions，sessions和start是主动关系，用现在分词。故填starting。 Section B （15分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. fuel B. escape C. equivalents D. patterns E. wrestle F. contain G. promoting H. games I. rank J. forcing K. addressing California’s Growing Wildfire Crisis California’s wildfires have been fueled by increasingly dangerous conditions over the past two decades, creating a growing crisis. The recent Mountain Fire in Ventura County highlights this alarming trend. Over 10,000 residents were forced to ____11____ their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes. In just two days, the blaze consumed over 20,000 acres, ____12____ Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency. Experts point to a destructive “environmental recipe.” Before the fire, forecasters issued a rare Red Flag warning, cautioning that dry winds and low humidity could turn into ____13____ for fast-spreading wildfires. When the Mountain Fire erupted, strong Santa Ana winds carried embers (灰烬) far and wide, while vegetation from two unusually wet winters acted as ready ____14____. As a result, the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to ____15____ it. Climate change has further shifted the landscape. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts have made vegetation drier and more ignitable. At the same time, wetter winters have encouraged plant growth that later dries out, becoming kindling for fires. Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer ____16____, are driven by intense winds and lower humidity, making them harder to control. Many historical ____17____ show the severity of this trend. The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017, both occurring in winter, ____18____ among California’s most destructive. Additionally, more than half of the state’s largest fires have been recorded in the last decade, underscoring the role of climate change. As California continues to ____19____ with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher. Without ____20____ these environmental shifts, the battle against fire will become an even more difficult game of survival. 【答案】11. B 12. J 13. H 14. A 15. F 16. C 17. D 18. I 19. E 20. K 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了加州日益严重的野火危机。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着火势迅速蔓延，1万多名居民被迫逃离家园，至少10人受伤，数十座房屋化为灰烬。根据“their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes”以及句意“逃离”可知应用动词escape，且上文为短语be forced to do sth.。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：在短短两天内，大火烧毁了2万多英亩土地，迫使州长加文·纽森宣布进入紧急状态。根据“Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency.”以及句意“迫使”可知应用动词force，此处用现在分词作状语。故选J。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：火灾发生前，预报员发布了罕见的红旗警告，警告说干燥的风和低湿度可能会成为快速蔓延的野火的游戏。根据“for fast-spreading wildfires”以及句意“游戏”可知应用复数名词games，作宾语，故选H。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：当山火爆发时，强烈的圣安娜风把余烬吹到很远的地方，而两个异常潮湿的冬天的植被则成为现成的燃料。根据“When the Mountain Fire erupted”以及句意“燃料”可知应用名词fuel，作宾语。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：因此，火灾可能会迅速升级，让消防员难以控制火势。根据“the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to”以及句意“控制”可知应用动词contain，此处为不定式作宾语，故选F。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：秋季和冬季的火灾与夏季的对应不同，它们是由强风和较低的湿度驱动的，这使得它们更难控制。根据“Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer”以及句意“对应”可知应用复数名词equivalents，作宾语，故选C。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：许多历史模式都表明了这一趋势的严重性。根据“show the severity of this trend”以及句意“模式”可知应用名词patterns，结合many可知为复数。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：2018年的伍尔西大火和2017年的托马斯大火都发生在冬季，排名加州最具破坏性的火灾之一。根据“among California’s most destructive”以及句意“排名”可知应用动词rank，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017，谓语用原形。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着加州继续与不断恶化的野火作斗争，风险越来越高。根据“with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher”以及句意“作斗争”可知应用动词wrestle，此处为不定式作宾语，故选E。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果不解决这些环境变化，与火灾的斗争将成为一场更加艰难的生存游戏。根据“these environmental shifts”以及句意“解决”可知应用动名词addressing，作介词的宾语。故选K。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A （15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize(苦苦思索)over projects at work, and even worry about small errors from the past. High ___21___ are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, ___22___ perfection can have serious consequences to mental and physical well-being. Since perfectionism is ___23___ with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___24___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being unsuccessful. ___25___, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. ___26___, imperfection can actually help us in the long run. One possible ___27___ to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset(思维方式).Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with ___28___ mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a ___29___ role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to ___30___ when they make mistakes. Another ___31___ option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion(自我同情). To understand self-compassion, thank about how you would ___32___ a close friend if they made a mistake. Chances are that you’d probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves ___33___ when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being ___34___ by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial for mental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you’re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try. Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive(认知的)behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning ___35___, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, it’s possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself. 21. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards 22. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing 23. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced 24. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D. bound 25. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average 26. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead 27. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent 28. A. various B. fixed C. positive D. keen 29. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable 30. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive 31. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable 32. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with 33. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently 34. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed 35. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunities 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论的是关于完美主义以及克服完美主义的方法。如果你是一个完美主义者，你可能很熟悉那种想把每件事都做好的感觉。心理学家提出，认知行为疗法可以帮助人们改变对完美主义的看法。尽管完美主义与较低的心理健康水平有关，但好消息是，完美主义是可以改变的。 【21题详解】 考查名词。A. risks冒险；B. values价值；C. profits利益；D. standards标准。高标准是一回事，完美主义是另一回事。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词。A. identifying识别；B. mirroring反应，反射；C. concealing隐藏；D. pursuing追赶。正如一些研究人员所发现的，追求完美会对身心健康产生严重的影响。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词。A. hardened坚定，变硬；B. associated联系；C. compared与------相比较；D. replaced替代。既然完美主义与消极结果有关，那么有完美主义倾向的人能做些什么来改变他们的行为呢? be associated with“与------有关系”，可知答案为B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。A. hesitant迟疑的；B. courageous有胆量的；C. desperate令人绝望的；D. bound必定的。虽然人们有时会犹豫是否要放弃他们的完美主义倾向，心理学家指出，放弃完美并不意味着不成功。可知答案为A。 【25题详解】 考查词组。A. for instance例如；B. By contrast 相比之下；C. In fact事实上；D. On average平均。事实上，错误是学习和成长的重要组成部分。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查副词。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则，另外；C. Furthermore此外，而且；D. Instead代替，反而。因此，从长远来看，不完美实际上可以帮助我们。结合句意可知答案为A。 【27题详解】 考查名词。A. obstacle障碍；B. alternative二中择一；C. attitude态度；D. equivalent等价物。完美主义另一种可能的选择涉及到发展心理学家所说的“成长心态”。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。A. various各种各样的；B. fixed确定的； C. positive积极的；D. keen渴望的。与那些固定性思维模式的人不同——他们认为自己的技能水平是与生俱来的，不可改变的，而那些成长型思维模式的人相信，他们可以通过从错误中学习来提高自己的能力。结合句意可知答案为B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。A. casual随便的；B. creative有创造力的；C. crucial重要的，决定性的；D. changeable可改变的，易变的。心理学家指出，父母在帮助孩子培养对失败更健康的态度方面可以发挥至关重要的作用。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词。A. persevere坚持；B. scheme 计划，策划；C. negotiate谈判，交涉；D. survive幸存。他们可以赞扬孩子的努力，即使他们的结果是不完美的，并当他们犯错误时帮助孩子学会坚持。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。A. potential潜在的；B. conditional有条件的；C. unique独一无二的；D. sustainable可以忍受的。完美主义的另一个潜在选择是培养自我同情。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词组。A. compete with与……竞争；B. run after 追赶；C. respond to响应；D. argue with与------辩论。为了理解自我同情，你要考虑如果你的亲密朋友犯了错误，你会如何回应。结合句意可知答案为C。 【33题详解】 考查副词。A. favorably 亲切地，好意地；B. kindly友好地；C. accordingly照着；D. differently不同地。自我同情背后的理念是，当我们犯错误时，应该善待自己，提醒自己错误是人类的一部分，避免被负面情绪吞噬。可知答案为B。 【34题详解】 考查动词。A. promoted推动，促进；B. inspired 鼓舞；C. monitored指导，检测；D. consumed消耗。自我同情背后的理念是，当我们犯错误时，应该善待自己，提醒自己错误是人类的一部分，避免被负面情绪吞噬。可知答案为D。 【35题详解】 考查名词。A. skills技能；B. outcomes结果；C. levels标准；D. opportunities机会。把错误看成是学习的机会，用自我同情取代自我批评，你就有可能克服完美主义，为自己设定一个更健康的目标。故选D。 【点睛】.在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more/though等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上启下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第6小题，因此，从长远来看，不完美实际上可以帮助我们。结合句意可知此处是因果关系，故答案为A。 Section B （22分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) To us, the kitchen was a mysterious place. Our kitchen at home was so simple: an old Sparks oven, a refrigerator, a sink, and a table. At the New Eastern, it was a busy factory. Almost an entire wall was taken up by a line of huge black woks (锅). This was my father’s stage. He strode (大步走) the length of the four woks, each one fired up by gas flames underneath. Beneath him, blocks of wood, raised off the ground an inch or two, served to give his legs and feet some spring. The sink was the size of a bathtub (浴); the refrigerator had glass doors and stretched three times as wide as the one at home. Every appliance was bigger, and there were things we never saw anywhere else, like the big metal oven in which my father hung long poles holding large pieces of pork. We could hear the fire roaring from the bottom of it. My dad would go about his business, and then, always at exactly the right time, he’d wander over, lift off the top, and take out several poles of barbecued pork—bright red, with black at the tips. If I happened by at that magical moment, I’d stop. “Yeet-gow!” I’d say. And he’d skillfully chop off a piece of the juicy, sweet meat. “One dollar!” he’d shout, and then hand it over. My father made the best food in town. There was nothing he wouldn’t try. He was once proud of a rock candy he invented and determined to sell at the front counter of the New Eastern. We, of course, served as his guinea pigs—we couldn’t bring ourselves to tell him the sad truth: The candy was so hard that it was uneatable. I rolled a piece around my mouth. “Tastes good, Ba-Ba, ”I said. Then, when he looked away, I spat it out. Sometimes, he liked to invent stories to us. Watching my little sister Shirley biting on an apple, he’d lean over. “Don’t eat the seed,” he said, “or an apple tree will grow inside you.” “What?” “Yes. Right inside your stomach, an apple tree!” 36. It can be learned from paragraph 1 and 2 that____________. A. the author’s father can repair springs B. the author enjoys observing in the kitchen C. the author helps to cook difficult dishes D. the author’s family lives in a busy factory 37. How does the author develop the idea that “the kitchen is a mysterious place”? A. By describing how his father manages various tasks in the kitchen. B. By classifying the kitchen appliances into different categories. C. By contrasting the restaurant kitchen with the kitchen at home. D. By explaining why large pieces of pork were placed in the oven. 38. The author mentions the incident of a rock candy in paragraph 3_____________. A. to highlight how he disliked the food his father made B. to illustrate why they often kept secrets from his father C. to emphasize the troubled relationship with his father D. to show the family’s support for his father’s experiments 39. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s father? A. dynamic and playful B. strict and innovative C. talented and greedy D. hardworking and outdated 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对父亲在餐馆厨房工作的回忆。文章通过叙述父亲在厨房中的工作、烹饪的热情和创造力，以及与孩子们的互动，展现了父亲对家庭和工作的热爱。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“To us, the kitchen was a mysterious place. Our kitchen at home was so simple: an old Sparks oven, a refrigerator, a sink, and a table. At the New Eastern, it was a busy factory. Almost an entire wall was taken up by a line of huge black woks (锅). This was my father’s stage.(对我们来说，厨房是个神秘的地方。我们家的厨房很简单：一个旧的斯帕克斯烤箱，一个冰箱，一个水槽和一张桌子。在新东方，这是一个繁忙的工厂。几乎一整面墙都被一排巨大的黑锅占据了。这是我父亲的舞台。)”以及第二段“The sink was the size of a bathtub(浴);the refrigerator had glass doors and stretched three times as wide as the one at home. Every appliance was bigger, and there were things we never saw anywhere else, like the big metal oven in which my father hung long poles holding large pieces of pork.(水槽有浴缸那么大;冰箱有玻璃门，比家里的冰箱宽三倍。每一件器具都变大了，还有一些我们在其他地方从未见过的东西，比如那个大金属烤箱，我父亲在里面挂着长长的杆子，上面放着大块的猪肉。)”可推测，作者对厨房的描述非常详尽，也就是说作者很喜欢观察厨房。故选B。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“To us, the kitchen was a mysterious place. Our kitchen at home was so simple: an old Sparks oven, a refrigerator, a sink, and a table. At the New Eastern, it was a busy factory. Almost an entire wall was taken up by a line of huge black woks (锅). This was my father’s stage. He strode (大步走)the length of the four woks, each one fired up by gas flames underneath. Beneath him, blocks of wood, raised off the ground an inch or two, served to give his legs and feet some spring. (对我们来说，厨房是个神秘的地方。我们家的厨房很简单：一个旧的斯帕克斯烤箱，一个冰箱，一个水槽和一张桌子。在新东方，这是一个繁忙的工厂。几乎一整面墙都被一排巨大的黑锅占据了。这是我父亲的舞台。他跨出四个锅的长度，每一个都是由下面的燃气火焰点燃的。在他脚下，几块木头离地抬高了一两英寸，让他的腿和脚有了一些弹性。)”可推测，作者通过将家里的厨房和餐厅厨房进行对比来说明厨房是个神秘的地方。故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He was once proud of a rock candy he invented and determined to sell at the front counter of the New Eastern. We, of course, served as his guinea pigs—we couldn’t bring ourselves to tell him the sad truth: The candy was so hard that it was uneatable. I rolled a piece around my mouth. “Tastes good, Ba-Ba, ”I said. Then, when he looked away, I spat it out.(他曾经为自己发明的冰糖感到自豪，并决定在新东方的前台出售。当然，我们充当了他的小白鼠——我们无法让自己告诉他一个可悲的事实：糖果太硬了，不能吃。我把一块裹在嘴里。“味道不错，爸爸，”我说。然后，当他看向别处时，我吐了出来。)”可推测，作者品尝了父亲尝试的冰糖后并没有告诉父亲实情，而这只是为了表明作者家人对父亲喜欢尝试表示支持。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“My father made the best food in town. There was nothing he wouldn’t try. (我父亲做的食物是镇上最好的。没有什么是他不愿意尝试的。)”可知，作者的父亲是一个充满活力的人，爱尝试新事物;再根据最后一段“Sometimes, he liked to invent stories to us. Watching my little sister Shirley biting on an apple, he’d lean over. “Don’t eat the seed,” he said, “or an apple tree will grow inside you.” “What?” “Yes. Right inside your stomach, an apple tree!”(有时，他喜欢给我们编故事。看着我妹妹Shirley咬着苹果，他会俯下身来。“不要吃种子，”他说，“否则你肚子里会长出一棵苹果树。”“什么?”“是的。就在你肚子里，有一棵苹果树!”)”可知，作者的父亲爱开玩笑。故选A。 (B) √Social engineering refers to the practice of using non-technical methods to trick people into doing something that gives away sensitive information. Here, watch this case... THE ATTACK THE SETUP: Marketing Director, Marcus, receives a call from a super friendly voice ….. ① “Hi Marcus, it’s Sandra from your bank. I’m sure you’ve heard about those recent Internet attacks. We’re making sure none of our customers were affected. I just need you to head to a website that will confirm the integrity of your account. Here’s the URL.” 40% of all breaches (破坏) involve the use of malware ② THE TRICK: Marcus has heard about the attacks, so he goes to the site and puts in his info. Sandra didn’t ask him for his password, so he thinks he’s safe. ③ THE BREACH: Malware, or malicious software, infects the corporate network and begins to steal data: •Customer data •Intellectual property •Financial records THE DEFENSE ① NOTIFICATION: Security Analyst, Ray, gets a notification and report via email. ②PATTERN DETECTION: Ray uses additional security analytics and visualization to identify an attack pattern and search for similar activity on the network: ③CORRECTIVE MEASURE: In seconds, he identifies the threat and takes action: ④ ? : Natalie, Chief Information Officer, reviews the event and, pleased with Ray’s response, adds network behaviour analysis to their response procedure. She also launches an employee training program in the hope of reducing major security risks and increasing employees’ security awareness. 40. It can be learned from “THE ATTACK” that ________. A. Sandra asks Marcus for his password. B. Marcus steals the key corporate data. C. The attacker gains Marcus’s trust first. D. Sandra is a senior director of the bank. 41. Which of the following best fits the “?”in step ④ of “THE DEFENSE”? A. LESSON B. HEALTH C. PROGRAM D. FINANCE 42. Which of the following is covered in the case? A. What loss the company has suffered. B. How Marcus regretted receiving the call. C. What Natalie has found about the domain. D. How effectively Ray responded to the attack. 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了一个非法网络诈骗案以及处理该案件的过程。借助一个案例展示攻击者如何诱骗用户泄露信息以及后续的安全处置、总结教训的流程。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据①中的“Hi Marcus, it’s Sandra from your bank. I’m sure you’ve heard about those recent Internet attacks. We’re making sure none of our customers were affected.(你好，马库斯，我是你开户行的桑德拉。我相信你听说过最近那些网络攻击事件。我们正在确认我们的客户没有人受到影响)”以及②The TRICK:中“Marcus has heard about the attacks, so he goes to the site and puts in his info. Sandra didn’t ask him for his password, so he thinks he’s safe.(马库斯听说了这些袭击，所以他去了网站并输入了他的信息。桑德拉没有问他的密码，所以他认为自己很安全)”可知，攻击者先用友善的说辞取得Marcus的信任。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据④中的“Natalie, Chief Information Officer, reviews the event and, pleased with Ray’s response, adds network behaviour analysis to their response procedure. She also launches an employee training program in the hope of reducing major security risks and increasing employees’ security awareness.(首席信息官娜塔莉复盘这次事件，对雷的应对感到满意，把网络行为分析加入他们的处置流程。她还推出员工培训项目，希望降低重大安全风险、提升员工安全意识)”可知，这一步是从本次攻击事件中吸取教训。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据③CORRECTIVE MEASURE 和④中“Natalie, Chief Information Officer, reviews the event and, pleased with Ray’s response (首席信息官娜塔莉复盘这次事件，对雷的应对感到满意)”可知，案例讲到了雷应对攻击的效果。 (C) In the roughly 250 years since the Industrial Revolution, the world’s population, like its wealth, has exploded. Before the end of this century, however, the number of people on the planet could shrink for the first time since the Black Death. The root cause is not an increase in deaths, but a drop in births. Across much of the world the fertility rate, the average number of births per woman, is collapsing. Although the trend may be familiar, its extent and its consequences are not. Even as artificial intelligence (AI) leads to optimism in some quarters, the baby bust (婴儿荒) hangs over the future of the world economy. Whatever some environmentalists say, a shrinking population creates problems. The world is not close to full and the economic difficulties resulting from fewer young people are many. The obvious one is that it is getting harder to support the world’s pensioners. Retired folk draw on the output of the working-aged, either through the state, which requests taxes on workers to pay public pensions, or by cashing in savings to buy goods and services or because relatives provide care unpaid. But whereas the rich world currently has around three people between 20 and 64 years old for everyone over 65, by 2050 it will have less than two. The implications are higher taxes, later retirements, lower real returns for savers and, possibly, government budget crises. Low proportion of workers to pensioners are only one problem resulting from collapsing fertility. Younger people have more of what psychologists call “fluid intelligence”, the ability to think creatively so as to solve problems in entirely new ways. This youthful energy adds to the accumulated knowledge of older workers. It also brings change. Patents filed by the youngest inventors are much more likely to cover breakthrough innovations. Older countries and their young people are less enterprising and less comfortable taking risks. Because the old benefit less than the young when economies grow, they have proved less keen on pro-growth policies, especially housebuilding. Creative destruction is likely to be rarer in ageing societies, restricting productivity growth in ways that compound into an enormous missed opportunity. Eventually, therefore, the world will have to make do with fewer youngsters—and perhaps with a shrinking population. With that in mind, recent advances in AI could not have come at a better time. A productive AI economy might find it easy to support a greater number of retired people. Eventually AI may be able to generate ideas by itself, reducing the need for human intelligence. Combined with robotics, AI may also make caring for the elderly less labour-intensive. Such innovations will certainly be in high demand. If technology does allow humanity to overcome the baby bust, it will fit the historical pattern. Unexpected productivity advances meant that demographic time-bombs (人口定时炸弹) failed to explode. Fewer babies mean less human genius. But that might be a problem human genius can fix. 43. What can be learned from the first paragraph? A. The collapsing fertility rate is to blame for the shrinking population. B. Black Death marked the shrinking number of people for the first time. C. Industrial Revolution weakened the increase of the world’s population. D. The public are familiar with the extent and the influence of the baby bust. 44. What makes it harder to support the world’s pensioners? A. Close relatives have refused to take care of the old without being paid. B. The output of the working-aged which the old can draw on is shrinking. C. The old have cashed in savings to cover expenses of goods and services. D. The government has requested taxes on younger employees to pay pensions. 45. Why does “fluid intelligence” (in Paragraph 3) suffer in ageing societies? A. Because older workers boast more accumulated knowledge. B. Because the old benefit less than the young in creative destruction. C. Because collapsing fertility results in low proportion of workers to pensioners. D. Because restricting productivity growth compounds into a missed opportunity. 46. The best title for the passage is probably _____. A. The Old Pensioners Make a Comeback B. Artificial Intelligence Leads to a Bright Future C. The Measures to Overcome the Baby Bust D. The Effect of the Baby Bust on Economy 【答案】43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了婴儿荒的原因和对经济的影响。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The root cause is not an increase in deaths, but a drop in births. (根本原因不是死亡人数的增加，而是出生率的下降。)”可知，不断下降的生育率是造成人口减少的原因。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“The obvious one is that it is getting harder to support the world’s pensioners. Retired folk draw on the output of the working-aged, either through the state, which requests taxes on workers to pay public pensions, or by cashing in savings to buy goods and services or because relatives provide care unpaid. (退休人员利用适龄工作人员的产出，或者通过国家向工人征税来支付公共养老金，或者通过将储蓄兑换成现金来购买商品和服务，或者因为亲戚提供无偿照顾。)”可知，老年人可以利用的劳动年龄的产出正在减少，让养活世界上的养老金领取者变得更加困难。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Younger people have more of what psychologists call “fluid intelligence”, the ability to think creatively so as to solve problems in entirely new ways. This youthful energy adds to the accumulated knowledge of older workers. It also brings change. Patents filed by the youngest inventors are much more likely to cover breakthrough innovations. Older countries and their young people are less enterprising and less comfortable taking risks. Because the old benefit less than the young when economies grow, they have proved less keen on pro-growth policies, especially housebuilding. Creative destruction is likely to be rarer in ageing societies, restricting productivity growth in ways that compound into an enormous missed opportunity. (年轻人拥有更多心理学家所说的“流动智力”，即创造性思考以全新方式解决问题的能力。这种年轻的活力增加了老工人积累的知识。它也带来了变化。最年轻的发明家申请的专利更有可能涵盖突破性的创新。年龄较大的国家及其年轻人更缺乏进取心，更不愿意冒险。因为在经济增长时，老年人比年轻人受益更少，所以他们对促进增长的政策，尤其是房屋建设不那么热衷。在老龄化社会中，创造性破坏可能更为罕见，从而限制了生产率的增长，从而导致一个巨大的错失机会。)”可知，因为在创造性破坏中，老年人比年轻人受益更少，因此“流动智力”在老龄化社会中受到影响。故选B。 【46题详解】 标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“The root cause is not an increase in deaths, but a drop in births. Across much of the world the fertility rate, the average number of births per woman, is collapsing. Although the trend may be familiar, its extent and its consequences are not. Even as artificial intelligence (AI) leads to optimism in some quarters, the baby bust hangs over the future of the world economy. (根本原因不是死亡人数的增加，而是出生率的下降。在世界大部分地区，生育率，即每个妇女的平均生育数量，正在急剧下降。虽然这种趋势可能很熟悉，但其程度和后果却不为人所知。尽管人工智能(AI)在某些方面带来了乐观情绪，但婴儿荒仍笼罩着世界经济的未来。)”可知，文章主要介绍了婴儿荒的原因和对经济的影响。故选D。 Section C （8分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Genes Affect Education It has long been debated whether various aspects of our personalities and abilities are influenced more by our genes or our early environment. _____47_____ The extent to which identical twins are more similar in any particular character than non-identical twins reveals how much variation in that character is down to genetics. The rest is usually assumed to be due to the environment. Studies show that many traits are not influenced much by the environment. However, educational attainment—how many years someone spends in school—is often found to be about 35% influenced by the environment. _____48_____ Damien Morris at King’s College London believes the biggest overlooked factor is that people tend to have children with someone with a similar level of education as themselves, an idea known as assortative mating. Morris studied whether people with similar education levels tend to marry by using a recent German twin study. This study collected data not only on the twins but also on their parents and siblings (兄弟姐妹) from nearly 1,000 families. After analyzing this data using the traditional twin study design, environmental differences between families were estimated to account for 43 per cent of the variation in years of schooling. _____49_____ Sure enough, there was more similarity between the educational years of each parental pair than would be expected by chance. Taking this into account, the environmental contribution was estimated to be just 26 per cent. Morris also analyzed the impact of a second factor usually overlooked in twin studies. This is the fact that the early environments of twins are more similar than those of non-twin siblings. _____50_____ When this was taken into account as well, the estimated environmental influence fell to 10 per cent. “This is a very interesting finding,” says Jeremy Freese at Stanford University. “It is unimaginable to me to think that everything that goes on with parents is only a bit player in the story.” A. Other kinds of studies have given higher estimates for the environmental contribution to years of schooling. B. Scientists sometimes investigate the question by comparing different kinds of twins. C. Then, Morris analyzed the same data using a method that also included the parents’ years of education. D. These studies usually overlook two factors, however, leading to falsely high estimates of environmental effects. E. This is the conclusion of a study on twins, which suggests that most previous such research has overestimated the effects of upbringing F. Twins are more likely to have grown up in the same financial circumstances, gone to the same school and so on. 【答案】47. B 48. D 49. C 50. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因对受教育程度的影响。 【47题详解】 根据上文“It has long been debated whether various aspects of our personalities and abilities are influenced more by our genes or our early environment.( 长期以来，人们一直在争论，我们性格和能力的各个方面更多地受到基因还是早期环境的影响。)”提到长期以来存在关于我们的个性和能力的各个方面是更多地受基因还是早期环境影响的争论，以及下文“The extent to which identical twins are more similar in any particular character than non-identical twins reveals how much variation in that character is down to genetics.( 同卵双胞胎在某一特定特征上比异卵双胞胎更相似的程度揭示了该特征上有多少变异是由基因决定的。)”提到同卵双胞胎在任何特定特征上比异卵双胞胎更相似的程度揭示了该特征的多少变异归因于遗传学，B选项“Scientists sometimes investigate the question by comparing different kinds of twins.( 科学家有时通过比较不同类型的双胞胎来研究这个问题。)”可知，“the question”指代上文的争论，“comparing different kinds of twins” 与下文的同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的比较相呼应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选B项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Studies show that many traits are not influenced much by the environment. However, educational attainment—how many years someone spends in school—is often found to be about 35% influenced by the environment.( 研究表明，许多特征不太受环境的影响。然而，受教育程度——一个人在学校呆了多少年——通常被发现受环境的影响约为35%。)”提到受教育程度——一个人在学校呆了多少年——通常被发现受环境的影响约为35%。以及下文“Damien Morris at King’s College London believes the biggest overlooked factor is that people tend to have children with someone with a similar level of education as themselves, an idea known as assortative mating.( 伦敦国王学院的达米安·莫里斯认为，最容易被忽视的因素是，人们倾向于与自己的教育水平相似的人生育孩子，这种想法被称为“选择性交配”。)”提到最大的被忽视的因素是人们倾向于与教育水平与自己相似的人结婚。D选项“These studies usually overlook two factors, however, leading to falsely high estimates of environmental effects.( 然而，这些研究通常忽略了两个因素，导致对环境影响的估计过高。)”可知，“These studies”承接上文关于受教育程度受环境影响的研究，“overlook two factors” 引出下文提到的被忽视的因素。故选D项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“After analyzing this data using the traditional twin study design, environmental differences between families were estimated to account for 43 per cent of the variation in years of schooling.( 在使用传统的双胞胎研究设计分析这些数据后，家庭之间的环境差异估计占受教育年限差异的43%。)”提到家庭之间的环境差异估计占受教育年限差异的 43%。以及下文“Sure enough, there was more similarity between the educational years of each parental pair than would be expected by chance. (果然，父母双方受教育年限之间的相似之处比偶然预期的要多。)”提到父母双方受教育年限之间的相似之处比偶然预期的要多。C选项“Then, Morris analyzed the same data using a method that also included the parents’ years of education.( 然后，莫里斯使用一种也包括父母受教育年限的方法分析了相同的数据。)”可知，“analyzed the same data”承接上文对数据的分析，“included the parents’years of education”与下文提到的父母受教育年限相关内容相呼应。故选C项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“This is the fact that the early environments of twins are more similar than those of non-twin siblings.( 这就是双胞胎的早期环境比非双胞胎兄弟姐妹更相似的事实。)”提到 双胞胎的早期环境比非双胞胎兄弟姐妹更相似的事实，F选项“Twins are more likely to have grown up in the same financial circumstances, gone to the same school and so on.( 双胞胎更有可能在相同的经济环境中长大，上同一所学校等等。)”可知，进一步解释了双胞胎早期环境更相似的具体表现，与上文内容相符。故选F项。 III. Summary Writing （10分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Crown (树冠) Shyness Do you love forest bathing or taking walks in the forests? Then once in a while, you’ve witnessed a somewhat appealing phenomenon in which tree crowns in the forest seem to deliberately keep to themselves and avoid touching each other. Strange as this may seem, it is, in fact, a natural phenomenon and has a name: crown shyness. There are many theories behind this fascinating phenomenon, but the most convincing one relates to competition and defense. To grow better, trees depend on vital elements such as sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. By maintaining gaps between their crowns, they can maximize their intake of these necessities, ensuring healthy growth and a balanced ecosystem. Additionally, crown shyness acts as a protective barrier against insects and diseases. The physical separation between tree tops reduces the spread of harmful organisms and lowers the risk of widespread infection that could threaten large areas of the forest. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all trees. The extent and intensity of crown shyness can vary, with some gaps small and other separations obvious. Some people might think this natural phenomenon is merely a random occurrence with no real purpose, but this is not the case. Crown shyness allows each tree to access enough sunlight by preventing the overlap of branches. It ensures that sunlight can reach the lower branches and leaves, promoting their growth and enabling efficient energy production. Moreover, crown shyness aids in the efficient distribution of rainfall. When rain falls through the tree tops, the gaps between tree crowns act as channels, guiding water to the forest floor. It also plays a role in reducing wind resistance. The gaps between tree crowns create pathways for wind to pass through the forest, reducing potential damage caused by strong winds. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考答案： Crown shyness is a mysterious and fascinating phenomenon where tree crowns avoid touching each other. It may result from competition for resources like light and water or serve as a defense against insects and diseases. This phenomenon, while not universal, has real purposes. It helps maximize sunlight access, promotes efficient rainfall distribution, and reduces wind resistance, supporting overall forest health. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“树冠羞避”这一自然现象，解释了其可能的原因及其对森林生态系统的益处。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Crown shyness is a phenomenon where tree crowns avoid touching each other. ② It may result from competition for resources like sunlight and water, or serve as a defense against insects and diseases. ③ This phenomenon helps maximize sunlight access, promotes efficient rainfall distribution, and reduces wind resistance. ④ Crown shyness supports overall forest health and is not a random occurrence. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点整合为现象及其原因，将第3、4两个要点整合为现象的作用和意义。 3. 遣词造句 Crown shyness is a natural phenomenon where tree crowns avoid contact, possibly due to resource competition or disease prevention. It benefits forests by optimizing sunlight exposure, aiding rainfall distribution, and reducing wind damage, ensuring ecosystem balance. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Crown shyness is a natural phenomenon where tree crowns avoid contact, possibly due to resource competition or disease prevention. (运用where引导的定语从句和possibly due to短语，对现象及其原因进行了简洁而高级的概括) 【高分句型2】It benefits forests by optimizing sunlight exposure, aiding rainfall distribution, and reducing wind damage, ensuring ecosystem balance. (通过by引导的方式状语和四个动名词充当介词by的宾语，清晰地说明了现象的多重作用，表达层次丰富) V. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 只要努力你学过的知识总能记住的。（learn, by heart）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As long as you work hard, you can always keep the knowledge you have learned by heart.  【解析】 【详解】句子陈述普遍道理，用一般现在时；“只要努力”处理为as long as引导的条件状语从句，“努力学习”表达为work hard，主语是you，谓语动词work用原形；“总能记住”表达为can always keep...by heart，“学过的知识”表达为the knowledge you have learned，其中you have learned省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰knowledge。 53. 不知怎么，越来越多的学生愿意花时间和精力在英语学习上了。（devote）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Somehow, more and more students are willing to devote their time and energy to English learning. 【解析】 【详解】本句陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时。“不知怎么”置于句首作状语，译为Somehow，用逗号与后面内容隔开；主语“越来越多的学生”译为复数名词more and more students；“愿意做某事”对应的固定表达为be willing to do sth，be动词用are，“花时间和精力在英语学习上了”译为devote their time and energy to English learning，their和主语是照应关系。 54. 野生动物在保护生态环境方面起重要作用，要保护它们免受灭绝的威胁。（role）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Wild animals play an important role in protecting the ecological environment, so they should be protected from the threat of extinction. 【解析】 【详解】本句陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时。第一个分句“野生动物在保护生态环境方面起重要作用”，主语“野生动物”译为Wild animals，谓语用动词原形，“在……方面起重要作用”对应的英语表达是play an important role in，要接动名词作宾语，故“保护生态环境”要译为protecting the ecological environment，整合为Wild animals play an important role in protecting the ecological environment，用逗号与后面的分句隔开；“要保护他们免受灭绝的威胁”暗含结果，可译为so连接的并列分句；该句用于提出建议，所表达的意思是“所以它们应该受到保护，以免遭受灭绝的威胁”，对应情态动词should的被动语态结构should be protected from，“灭绝的威胁”译为the threat of extinction，整合为so they should be protected from the threat of extinction。 55. 真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们是否具备服务社会的意识和能力。（consist） （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Real wealth does not consist in what we have, but in whether we have the awareness and ability to serve society. 【解析】 【详解】“真正的财富”翻译为real wealth，“在于”用固定短语consist in，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语real wealth是不可数名词，“不在于”翻译为does not consist in，“我们拥有什么”翻译为what we have，是what引导的宾语从句，“而在于”翻译为but in，“我们是否具备”翻译为whether we have，是whether引导的宾语从句，“服务社会的意识和能力”翻译为the awareness and ability to serve society。 VI. Guided writing （25分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生，校园公告正在招募志愿者，有三个服务领域可供选择：社区环保志愿活动、敬老院慰问活动和校园赛事志愿活动。任选其一写一篇短文报名，内容包括：选择的活动及理由，具体安排和预期效果。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear organizers, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the nursing home visit activity. I choose this activity mainly because I respect the elderly and hope to bring warmth to them. Many old people living there lack company and are eager for simple communication. If accepted, I will carry out my plans as follows. First, I will prepare folk songs and interesting small stories in advance. Besides, I will chat patiently with the elderly, listening to their past experiences. I will also help them do some easy housework, such as tidying rooms. I expect our company can cheer them up and ease their loneliness. Meanwhile, I can learn valuable life wisdom from them. I will take my task seriously. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】校园公告正在招募志愿者，有三个服务领域可供选择：社区环保志愿活动、敬老院慰问活动和校园赛事志愿活动，要求考生选择其中一个服务报名，说明选择的理由、具体安排和预期效果。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 选择：choose→opt for 渴望：be eager for→be longing/desperate for 缓解：ease→alleviate 珍贵的：valuable→treasured 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Many old people living there lack company and are eager for simple communication. 拓展句：Many old people living there lack company, which makes them eager for simple communication. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I choose this activity mainly because I respect the elderly and hope to bring warmth to them. （运用了because引导原因状语从句） 【高分句型2】Besides, I will chat patiently with the elderly, listening to their past experiences.（运用了现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $