精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语学科5月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科5月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Power of Small Talk Many people underestimate the power of small talk. They regard casual chatting as meaningless gossip, ____1____ (waste) precious time that could be spent on important work. Yet researchers have found that small talk plays a vital role in our social life. Small talk refers to light informal conversation, ____2____ serves as a social bridge between strangers or acquaintances. When you chat about trivial topics like weather or sports with someone you barely know, you are not just killing time ____3____ building social bonds. It helps break the ice, reduce awkwardness, and create a relaxed atmosphere ____4____ real communication can begin. A study ____5____ (conduct) by Harvard Business School shows that employees who engage in proper small talk tend to have better working relationships with colleagues. People ____6____ are good at small talk are usually considered more approachable and cooperative. However, small talk is not equal to gossip. Gossip often focuses on other people’s private affairs, ____7____ may cause misunderstanding or hurt others’ feelings, while small talk sticks to safe public topics. ____8____ you are at a party, waiting in a queue, or in the office, mastering small talk skills can bring you unexpected benefits. You do not need to be extraordinarily humorous. What ____9____ (matter) most is ____10____ (show) your willingness to connect with others. 【答案】1. wasting 2. which 3. but 4. where 5. conducted 6. who##that 7. which 8. Whether 9. matters 10. showing 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍闲谈的价值，闲谈是有益的社交方式，不同于八卦，关键在于主动表达与人交往的意愿。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们把随意闲谈看作无意义的闲聊，浪费本可以花在重要工作上的宝贵时间。此处为非谓语，they与waste为主动关系，应用现在分词wasting作伴随状语。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：闲谈指轻松随意的对话，它充当陌生人或熟人之间的社交桥梁。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词light informal conversation，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：当你和几乎不认识的人聊天气、运动这类琐碎话题时，你不只是在消磨时间，而是在建立社交纽带。此处考查固定搭配not just...but (also)...，表示“不只是……而且……”。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它有助于打破僵局、减少尴尬，并营造一个可以开启真正交流的轻松氛围。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词a relaxed atmosphere，表抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛商学院开展的一项研究表明，进行恰当闲谈的员工往往和同事拥有更好的工作关系。此处为非谓语，study与conduct为被动关系，应用过去分词conducted作后置定语。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：擅长闲谈的人通常被认为更加友善随和、乐于合作。此处为定语从句，先行词People，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：八卦往往聚焦他人私事，这可能造成误解或是伤害别人的感情。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词前面整句话内容，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 【8题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你是在派对上、排队等候，还是身处办公室，掌握闲谈技巧都能为你带来意想不到的好处。此处考查固定搭配whether...or...，表示“无论……还是……”，且句首首字母应大写，所以应填Whether。 【9题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最重要的是展现你想要和别人建立联系的意愿。这里考查谓语动词，what指代一件事，句子描述一般事实应用一般现在时，主语what是单数，所以谓语动词matter用第三人称单数形式matters。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是展现你想要和别人建立联系的意愿。此处应用动名词作表语，侧重说明一件事情本身，所以应填showing。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. added B. caring C. collection D. combination E. design F. meant G. rare H. reach I. spread J. striking K. symbol Saving a City’s Public Art Avoiding L.A.’s traffic jams may be impossible, but the city’s colorful highway murals (壁画) can brighten even the worst journey. Paintings of famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and highway walls all across the city. With a(n) ____11____ of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world. But a(n) ____12____ of graffiti (涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. In the past, experts say, little attention was given to ____13____ for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works — not an easy task with cars racing by on the highway! Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore its murals. So far, 16 walls have been selected, and more may be ____14____ later. Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were ____15____. But in the ‘60s and ‘70s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th century Mexican mural painting. Soon, the young artists’ own murals became a(n) ____16____ of the city’s culture. The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca’s “The Great Wall”, a 13-foot-high (4-meter-high) painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood. The mural represents the history of different ethnic groups (族群) in California. It took eight years to complete, with 400 teenagers painting the ____17____, and is probably the longest mural in the world. One of the murals that will be restored is Kent Twitchell’s “Seventh Street Altarpiece”, which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. This ____18____ work shows two people facing each other on opposite sides of the highway near downtown Los Angeles. “It was ____19____ as a kind of gateway through which the traveler to L.A. must drive,” said Twitchell. “The open hands represent peace.” Artists often call murals the people’s art. Along a busy highway or hidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can ____20____ people who might never pay money to see fine art in a museum. 【答案】11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. G 16. K 17. E 18. J 19. F 20. H 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍洛杉矶丰富的壁画现状，因遭破坏启动修复工程，讲述壁画发展，说明壁画可让普通大众接触艺术。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：拥有2000多幅壁画藏品，洛杉矶是非官方的世界壁画之都。此空应填名词，根据“of more than 2,000 murals”可知，此处指壁画藏品数量。collection，表“收藏，藏品”，不定冠词 a (n) 后接可数名词单数，符合“洛杉矶拥有大量壁画藏品”的语境。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是涂鸦、污染与烈日的共同作用，使得洛杉矶许多壁画状况糟糕。此空应填名词，根据“of graffiti, pollution, and hot sun”可知，此处指多种因素叠加。combination，表“结合，混合”，a combination of表示“……的结合”，符合“多重因素损毁壁画”的语境。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：专家称，过去人们很少关注公共艺术品的呵护。此空应填动名词，根据“for public art”可知，此处指照料保护公共艺术。caring，表“爱护，照料”，固定搭配care for，介词to后接动名词，符合“过去忽视公共艺术养护”的语境。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：到目前为止，已有16面墙体入选，之后可能还会增加更多。此空应填动词，根据“and more may be”可知，此处表示后续会新增墙体项目。added，表“增加，添加”，may be后接过去分词构成情态动词被动语态，符合“后续会新增修复对象”的语境。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：大约在1960年之前，洛杉矶的公共壁画十分稀少。此空应填形容词作表语，根据后文六七十年代艺术家开始大量创作壁画可知，早年壁画数量少。rare，表“稀少的，罕见的”，符合“1960 年前当地公共壁画不多”的语境。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：很快，年轻艺术家创作的壁画成为这座城市文化的一种象征。此空应填名词，根据“of the city’s culture”可知，此处指壁画代表城市文化。symbol，表“象征”，a(n)后接名词，符合“壁画是城市文化象征”的语境。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：这幅壁画耗时八年完成，有400名青少年参与绘制该作品，它或许是世界上最长的壁画。此空应填名词，根据前文“The Great Wall”是巨型壁画作品可知，此处指这幅壁画的图样、创作设计。design，表“设计，图样”，作paint的宾语，符合“青少年参与绘制这幅壁画作品”的语境。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这件引人注目的作品描绘了在洛杉矶市中心附近高速公路两侧相向而立的两个人。此空应填形容词修饰名词work，根据文章介绍知名奥运壁画可知，此处突出作品视觉冲击力。striking，表“引人注目的，醒目的”，符合“壁画视觉效果震撼”的语境。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：“它原本旨在作为一种门户，前往洛杉矶的旅行者必定会从此驶过。”特维切尔说道。此空应填动词，根据“as a kind of gateway”可知，此处指作品创作的本意。meant，表“打算，意欲”，固定搭配be meant as“旨在，本意是作为”，符合“壁画创作初衷是当作城市门户”的语境。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：无论是繁忙公路旁还是僻静街区里，壁画能够接触到那些可能绝不会花钱去博物馆欣赏美术作品的人们。此空应填动词，根据“people who might never pay money to see fine art in a museum”可知，此处指壁画可以触达普通民众。reach，表“接触到，影响到”，情态动词can后接动词原形，符合“壁画惠及普通大众”的语境。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In modern cities, it is now time as much as space that separates urban functions, as people’s lives are lived not only to different timetables, but also at wildly different rates. The mass timetable of the industrial city, with 9-5 office hours and silent Sundays, has gone. In its ___21___ is flexi-time, part-time working, Sunday shopping and the 24-hour city. European cities are ___22___ these changes perhaps faster than British cities. In at least half a dozen cities in Italy, ___23___, you will find the Uffici Tempi--the Offices of Time. What they do is try to reorganise time more flexibly in the city, in order to meet new needs. This is particularly relevant for Italian women, an increasing number of whom have to ___24___ two timetables: work and home. Usually located in the Mayor’s office, the Uffici Tempi bring together transport providers, shop-owners, employers, trade unions, the police and other services to see how their efforts might be better ___25___. The main aim in all this is to increase the efficiency and productivity of the city. This can mean delaying the starting tunes in schools, offices and factories to avoid rush hours, or having shops opening later in the day but closing later too. One further ___26___ is that there can be more police about in the evening, patrolling the streets when people most need them. In a number of German cities, people have been ___27___ whether the timetable of the future city should be 6x6 or 4x9--working hours, that is. Apparently male workers favour a four-day week, while women workers, on the other hand, favour ___28___ shorter working days. This would give employees more time in the afternoon to be with children or to get the shopping. The ___29___ for public services to adapt to our changing lifestyles has been quite difficult for some of the staff involved. ___30___, who likes working evenings or Sundays? Nevertheless, many city centres are now open for shopping seven days a week, and a number of them now promote themselves as ‘24-hour cities’, where those with money can drink, eat, dance and even shop the whole ___31___. Time is flexible, but buildings aren’t. The ___32___ between the structure of the city and its uses, over time, is a serious architectural and planning problem. ___33___ has become the key skill. We are slowly ___34___ the terms of dormitory suburbs and industrial districts, in favour of mixed- use areas, out-of-town retailing and working from home. There is no doubt that planning theory is being ___35___ by the changing nature of time in the modern city. 21. A. report B. side C. place D. way 22. A. sticking to B. responding to C. objecting to D. turning to 23. A. for example B. on the other hand C. by contrast D. in the meanwhile 24. A. alter B. discuss C. understand D. balance 25. A. spared B. harmonized C. directed D. appreciated 26. A. method B. issue C. benefit D. excuse 27. A. debating B. asking C. doubting D. revealing 28. A. four B. six C. seven D. nine 29. A. need B. ambition C. pity D. reason 30. A. Above all B. On the contrary C. After all D. By all means 31. A. night B. day C. city D. area 32. A. difference B. mismatch C. communication D. relationship 33. A. Regulation B. Availability C. Adaptability D. Observation 34. A. varying B. coming C. accepting D. abandoning 35. A. presented B. proved C. established D. challenged 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在现代城市中，分隔城市功能的不仅是空间，还有时间，因为人们的生活不仅按照不同的时间表，而且以截然不同的速度进行。这个工业城市朝九晚五的办公时间和安静的周日，已经不复存在了。取而代之的是弹性工作时间、兼职工作、周日购物和24小时城市。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：取而代之的是弹性工作时间、兼职工作、周日购物和24小时城市。A. report报告；B. side一边；C. place地方；D. way方式。根据上文“The mass timetable of the industrial city, with 9-5 office hours and silent Sundays, has gone. (这个工业城市朝九晚五的办公时间和安静的周日，已经不复存在了)”可知，上文提到朝九晚五的办公时间和安静的周日，已经不复存在了，所以取而代之的是弹性工作时间、兼职工作、周日购物和24小时城市。短语in one’s place表示“取代”。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：欧洲城市对这些变化的反应可能比英国城市更快。A. sticking to坚持；B. responding to回应；C. objecting to反对；D. turning to求助于。根据后文“these changes perhaps faster than British cities”指欧洲城市对这些变化的反应。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在意大利至少六个城市，你会发现Uffici Tempi——时间办公室。A. for example例如；B. on the other hand另一方面；C. by contrast相比之下；D. in the meanwhile同时。根据上文“In at least half a dozen cities in Italy”可知，此处是在就欧洲城市对这些变化的反应进行举例说明。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对意大利妇女来说尤其重要，越来越多的妇女不得不平衡两个时间表：工作和家庭。A. alter改变；B. discuss讨论；C. understand理解；D. balance平衡。根据后文“two timetables: work and home.”指妇女不得不平衡两个时间表：工作和家庭。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Uffici Tempi通常设在市长办公室，将运输供应商、店主、雇主、工会、警察和其他服务部门聚集在一起，看看如何更好地协调他们的努力。A. spared抽出；B. harmonized和谐；C. directed指导；D. appreciated欣赏。根据上文“transport providers, shop-owners, employers, trade unions, the police and other services”此处指协调这些部门的努力。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个好处是，晚上可以有更多的警察在人们最需要的时候在街上巡逻。A. method方法；B. issue问题；C. benefit收益；D. excuse借口。根据后文“there can be more police about in the evening, patrolling the streets when people most need them.”可知，晚上可以有更多的警察在人们最需要的时候在街上巡逻是另一个好处，benefit符合语境。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多德国城市，人们一直在争论未来城市的时间表应该是6 × 6还是4 × 9——也就是工作时间。A. debating辩论；B. asking询问；C. doubting怀疑；D. revealing揭示。根据后文“whether the timetable of the future city should be 6x6 or 4x9--working hours”可知，人们一直在争论未来城市的时间表应该是6 × 6还是4 × 9——也就是工作时间。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查数词词义辨析。句意：显然，男性员工喜欢每周四天的工作制，而女性员工则喜欢缩短六天的工作制。A. four四；B. six六；C. seven七；D. nine九。呼应上文“the timetable of the future city should be 6x6 or 4x9 — working hours”指男性员工喜欢每周四天的工作制，而女性员工则喜欢缩短六天的工作制。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一些工作人员来说，需要公共服务来适应我们不断变化的生活方式是相当困难的。A. need需要；B. ambition抱负；C. pity同情；D. reason理由。根据后文“for public services to adapt to our changing lifestyles”指需要公共服务来适应我们不断变化的生活方式，故选A。 【30题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，谁喜欢在晚上或周日工作呢？A. Above all尤其是；B. On the contrary相反地；C. After all毕竟；D. By all means无论如何。上文提到公共服务来适应我们不断变化的生活方式是相当困难的，因为毕竟没有人喜欢晚上或周日工作。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，许多市中心现在每周7天开放购物，其中一些城市现在宣传自己是“24小时城市”，在那里有钱的人可以喝酒、吃饭、跳舞，甚至整晚购物。A. night夜晚；B. day天；C. city城市；D. area区域。根据上文“a number of them now promote themselves as ‘24-hour cities’, where those with money can drink, eat, dance and even shop the whole”可知，24小时城市，说明在那里有钱的人可以喝酒、吃饭、跳舞，甚至整晚购物。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，城市结构与其用途之间的不匹配是一个严重的建筑和规划问题。A. difference差异；B. mismatch错配；C. communication交流；D. relationship关系。根据上文“Time is flexible, but buildings aren’t.(时间是灵活的，但建筑不是)”可知，城市结构与其用途之间存在不匹配问题。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：适应能力已成为关键技能。A. Regulation规章制度；B. Availability可用性；C. Adaptability适应性；D. Observation观察。上文提到城市结构与其用途之间存在不匹配问题，即适应能力不够。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们正在慢慢地放弃郊区的宿舍和工业区，转而青睐多功能区、城外零售业和在家工作。A. varying变化；B. coming来；C. accepting接受；D. abandoning抛弃。根据后文“in favour of mixed- use areas, out-of-town retailing and working from home.”可知，正在慢慢地放弃郊区的宿舍和工业区，转而青睐多功能区、城外零售业和在家工作。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，规划理论正受到现代城市中不断变化的时间性质的挑战。A. presented展示；B. proved证明；C. established建立；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“by the changing nature of time in the modern city”指规划理论正受到现代城市中不断变化的时间性质的挑战。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) By the middle of the second day I know I'm in trouble. In front of me the land stretches up and away towards a distant hill, and into the space, between that hill and me, is crowded one of the most vivid concentrations of color I have ever seen. It starts with the trees. The wet season is the only a few weeks off and almost as if they can smell the coming rains, they have put out their leaves. They are no ordinary green and the dry grasses beneath them are shining with golds, browns, and reds. I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether. I've already made one attempt: a series of lines in orange and red, with bluish trees placed across them, which now lies face down in the grass beside me. I've put it there because the last thing I want right now is for someone else to come along and look at it. A young man called Royale walks up the hill. Royale is a sculptor, and, with several other local men, produces pieces of work in the local stone. Recently, and quite suddenly, this work, and that of several other local co-operatives, has acquired an international reputation. I certainly don't want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day. I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, "what is painting like?" I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants to go with my colors. When I signed up for this holiday, I was hoping for an experience like the one I had had four years earlier in Wales. That was my first painting holiday, and I love it. Two things made it great. First was the teacher, a man called Robin, who showed me that what is important about drawing and painting is not the finished article but the process of completing it. The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. But it was stupid of me to think that I could reproduce the experience down here, deep in the Southern Hemisphere. Zimbabwe is not a part of me, nor I of it. Trying to draw it for the first time, from a standing start, is like trying to start a conversation in Swahili. 36. What problem does the writer have at the beginning of her holiday? A. The weather is not good enough for painting. B. She's brought the wrong materials with her. C. There are no animals that she can paint. D. She can't reproduce the exact color. 37. The writer hid her work because ________. A. she thought it would disappoint Royale. B. she believed Royale painted better C. it wasn't good enough to sell D. it was only a quick sketch 38. What does the writer mean by "what I am up to" in paragraph 3? A. What I might do. B. What I am painting. C. What I will give him. D. What I can teach him. 39. What does the writer say about her previous painting holiday? A. The landscape was more familiar to her. B. Her technique had improved much faster. C. She preferred the teacher she had had then. D. She had been able to complete a number of paintings. 【答案】36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了自己在绘画假期期间不能够将色彩像曾经的某次绘画假期时一样顺利的创造出来的一次个人经历。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether.（我想用水彩画重新创造这个场景。虽然我可以用文字来尝试它，但试图把它画在我的草图本上却完全是另一回事） ”可推测出，作者遇到的问题是不能够重新再现确切的颜色。故选D。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“I certainly don't want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.（我当然不希望一个能做到这样一点（擅长画画）的人看到我自己可怕的画。所以我尽可能随意地把脚放在旁边完成的画上，然后我们继续当天早些时候开始的对话）”可推测出，作者认为自己的画很糟糕，因此不想让Royale失望。故选A。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据分析第三段“I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, "what is painting like?" I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants to go with my colors.（我想和Royale谈谈他在这里的生活。然而，他只对我在画什么很感兴趣。首先，他似乎认为我同样是一个艺术家，有那么一会儿，我发现自己凝视着尴尬的深渊。但当他问我， “绘画是什么样子的？”我意识到这位专业艺术家以前的一生中从来没有画过任何东西。他只是想聊聊我的颜色）”，通过Royale的问题可以知道他对我现在做的事情感兴趣。由此可知“what I am up to”的意思是“我正在画什么”。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. （那个星期第二个要素就是那个地方。我在这样的地方长大，我立刻和它有了共鸣）”可知，作者更熟悉之前的绘画假期所在地方的一些风景。故选A。 (B) Can you imagine being a student at university before computers appeared? Before the technological revolution in the 1980s, if you didn’t want to write by hand you had a typewriter. Curious about the history of the typewriter? Although the first writing machines were built in the 14th century, they varied in size and shape; some were as large as pianos! The first typewriter was patented in England in 1714, but typewriters as we know them didn’t actually kick off as manufactured products until the late 1800s. So how does it work? First, you need keys to press. When you press a key, it makes another lever called the type hammer move up towards the paper. The type hammer has the metal bar with the letters attached to it at the end. Just before the letter hits the paper, a piece of cloth with ink on it called the ribbon moves upwards between the type and the paper. The letter then appears in ink on the piece of paper. When you take your finger off the key, a spring makes the hammer move back to where it was before. At the same time, the carriage, which is the cylinder-shaped (圆柱状的) part at the top where the paper is held, moves to the left. You can therefore continue to write the word that you want. When the carriage gets to the end of a line, you hear a bell. When you hear the bell, you press the carriage return lever on the left-hand side of the typewriter, which moves the paper up, so that you can continue writing on a new line. *lever: a long bar that you use to lift or move something by pressing one end 40. Which of the following statements is true regarding the history of the typewriter? A. The typewriters were mostly as big as pianos in the 1300s. B. The year of 1980 marked the beginning of its decline. C. Its mass production didn’t start until the late 1800s. D. The first one was invented in the year of 1714. 41. What is the function of the ribbon in a typewriter? A. To transfer ink onto the paper. B. To move the carriage to the left. C. To hold the paper in the correct position. D. To protect the type hammer from damage. 42. What does the bell indicate? A. You have run out of ink. B. You need to start a new line. C. You need to re-load the paper. D. You have a problem with the carriage. 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了打字机的发展历史以及它的工作原理。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The first typewriter was patented in England in 1714, but typewriters as we know them didn’t actually kick off as manufactured products until the late 1800s.(第一台打字机于1714年在英国获得专利，但直到19世纪末，我们所熟知的打字机才真正开始作为工业产品投入生产)”可知，直到19世纪末(the late 1800s)，打字机才真正开始作为工业制造产品（即大规模生产）出现。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Just before the letter hits the paper, a piece of cloth with ink on it called the ribbon moves upwards between the type and the paper.(就在信纸即将被印出之前，一块蘸有墨水、名为色带的布在铅字与纸张之间向上移动，随后字母就以墨迹的形式出现在纸上)”可知，ribbon是一块带有墨水的布，它的作用是在字锤敲击时将墨水转移到纸张上形成字母。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When the carriage gets to the end of a line, you hear a bell. When you hear the bell, you press the carriage return lever on the left-hand side of the typewriter, which moves the paper up, so that you can continue writing on a new line. (当字车走到一行的末尾时，你会听到铃声。听到铃声后，按下打字机左侧的换行拨杆，纸张会上移，你就可以在新的一行继续书写)”可知，当字车到达一行末尾时会响起铃声，提示你操作换行杆，以便在纸上开始新的一行继续书写。 (C) Our lives are made up of human-machine interactions—with smartphones, televisions, computers—that have the power to delight and, often, frustrate. Into this area has stepped a new class of professional: the user-experience, or UX, designer, whose job is to see a product not from an engineer’s, marketer’s, or legal department’s perspective but from the viewpoint of the user alone. And to insist that the customer should not have to learn to speak the company’s internal language. The company should learn to speak the customer’s. According to a recent survey, the role of UX designers has become a fixture on those year-end “hottest job” lists. If you want to study UX, you now have the option at some three dozen institutions in the United States, including Carnegie Mellon and the University of Washington. But Ford is one of the few major industrial companies in the U.S. to put a UX expert, Jim Hackett, in charge. At present, the question facing the car industry is basically whether high-tech giants such as Tesla and Google can learn car-making technology trains faster than Ford, GM, and other carmakers can learn software and algorithms. But Hackett reflects Ford’s bet that the winner won’t be the best chassis (底盘) maker or software maker, but the company that nails the interaction between man and machine. “One of the things that drew me to Jim was his commitment to design thinking, which puts the human being at the center of the equation,” explained Bill Ford, the company’s executive chairman. Hackett retired from Steelcase, a furniture maker, in 2014 and in 2016, Bill Ford hired him to run the automaker’s Smart Mobility subsidiary, which was tasked with rethinking from the ground up how cars would be driven, powered, and owned. “This is what we call the design gap,” said Hackett in an interview, pointing to the space between two lines on a graph he’d drawn on a whiteboard. One line climbs up—this is a company’s skill at making things, which goes up over time. Below it is a downward line, representing a company’s understanding of the customer’s experience. This, he said, can decline over time, as a company loses sight of the problems it’s in the business of solving. The design gap may be noticeable when the job is, say, building a marginally better tailgate for the Ford F-150. But it becomes positively yawning when your industry is so thoroughly turned on its head that you’re forced to ask some basic questions: Do people want to own their cars or share them? Drive them or have them driven? The flood of new technologies makes everything possible. 43. Which of the following statements best describes a UX designer’s responsibility? A. He is devoted to designing innovative products. B. He is devoted to making a product satisfy users’ needs. C. He is devoted to improving a company’s internal language. D. He is devoted to understanding human-machine interactions. 44. What can be inferred from the passage? A. UX designers are regarded as one of those best-paid jobs. B. High-tech giants have taken the lead in car manufacturing. C. Companies are laying greater emphasis on customers’ feelings. D. The UX courses provided by the US institutions are far from enough, 45. Ford hires Jim Hackett because the company believes that _______. A. it is currently facing the biggest challenge that needs a new perspective B. Hackett’s design thinking is quite different from other UX professionals C. customers’ experience plays a decisive role in the car-making competition D. Steelcase gave Hackett enough time and experience to grow up into an expert 46. What is Jim Hackett most likely to agree with? A. Ford should pay less attention to new technologies. B. Ford has long been ignoring customers’ experience. C. Ford is no longer a leading company in auto making skills. D. Ford has made a wrong decision to build a tailgate for the F-150. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍UX设计师的职责，说明了企业竞争中，顾客的体验起着决定性的作用。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Into this area has stepped a new class of professional: the user-experience, or UX, designer, whose job is to see a product not from an engineer’s, marketer’s, or legal department’s perspective but from the viewpoint of the user alone.(进入这个领域的是一类新的专业人士：用户体验设计师，他们的工作不是从工程师、营销人员或法律部门的角度来看待产品，而是从用户的角度来看待产品)”可知，UX设计师的职责是致力于使产品满足用户的需求。故选B项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“And to insist that the customer should not have to learn to speak the company’s internal language. The company should learn to speak the customer’s.(并坚持认为，客户不应该学习说公司的内部语言。公司应该学会说客户的语言)”和第二段“According to a recent survey, the role of UX designers has become a fixture on those year-end “hottest job” lists.(根据最近的一项调查，用户体验设计师的角色已经成为年终“最热门工作”名单上的固定角色)”可推知，公司更加重视顾客的感受。故选C项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段““One of the things that drew me to Jim was his commitment to design thinking, which puts the human being at the center of the equation,” explained Bill Ford, the company’s executive chairman.(公司执行主席比尔·福特解释说：“吉姆吸引我的原因之一是他对设计思维的执着，他把人放在等式的中心。”)”可推知，福特雇佣吉姆·哈克特是因为公司相信在汽车制造竞争中，顾客的体验起着决定性的作用。故选C项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But Hackett reflects Ford’s bet that the winner won’t be the best chassis (底盘) maker or software maker, but the company that nails the interaction between man and machine.(但哈克特反映出，福特的赌注是，赢家不会是最好的底盘制造商或软件制造商，而是能够把握人机交互的公司)”和最后一段的““This is what we call the design gap,” said Hackett in an interview, pointing to the space between two lines on a graph he’d drawn on a whiteboard. One line climbs up—this is a company’s skill at making things, which goes up over time. Below it is a downward line, representing a company’s understanding of the customer’s experience. (哈克特在一次采访中指着他在白板上画的图上两条线之间的空间说。有一条线在上升——这是一家公司制造东西的技能，随着时间的推移而上升。下面是一条向下的线，代表一家公司对客户体验的理解)”推知，长期以来，福特一直忽视客户的体验。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Cube has his own voice I arrive at the Szepilona Bisztro, on a leafy road on the “Buda” side of Budapest, holding a Rubik’s Cube and searching for the man who had created it almost 50 years ago. I feel unworthy to have lunch with Emo Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. Rubik arrives punctually. He’s been coming to this restaurant since the late 1960s, when he was a graduate student, before he had invented one of the world’s most successful puzzles — a cube with 43 quintillion combinations, only one of which is correct. _____47_____ At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”. In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. _____48_____ He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state. “It was a more difficult task to find a system to solve it than it had been to create the thing itself” he says. In the end, it took him a month. And solving it gave him a “happy feeling of freedom’’, he said at the time. The Rubik’s Cube was born, and to date more than 450 million have been sold, the craze reaching its peak in the early 1980s. Rubik was 29 when he “discovered” the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. _____49_____From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. “I can’t imagine there being a higher type for it than there had been in the 1980s,” he says. He motions to my Cube._____50_____Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”. A. But the content of the Cube is so wide that it can be a symbol of logical thinking, a way of life. B. Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. C. His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. D. I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. E. Rubik was born towards the end of the Second World War to an aircraft engineer father and a poet mother. F. The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. 【答案】47. C 48. B 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了魔方发明以及畅销的经过。 【47题详解】 根据后文“At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”.(当时，鲁比克住在他的家庭公寓里，公寓位于城市“佩斯”一侧的一条大道上。他是一名建筑学教授，但他的房间“就像一个孩子的口袋，装满了大理石和珍宝”)”以及下文他解决了这一困难，说明事情出现了转机，他有了灵感。故C选项“他的灵感出现在1974年春天”符合语境，故选C。 【48题详解】 根据上文“In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently.(为了帮助学生理解三维问题，他尝试构建一组立方体，这些立方体可以保持在一起，但也可以独立移动)”以及后文“He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state.(他把每一面都涂上了不同的颜色。但在他扭曲了它之后，他意识到他不能轻易地把它恢复到原来的状态)”可知，本句应和上下文一致，继续说明这些立方体结构的情况，故B选项“最后他想出了一个六面结构，每面有九个相互连接的立方体”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据后文“From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years.(从那时起，它传遍了世界，仅仅三年就卖出了大约1亿个魔方)”推知，空处句子提到了一个重要的时间节点。故F选项“第二年，他有机会把他的发明带到纽约的一个玩具展上”符合语境，故选F。 【50题详解】 根据后文“Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”.( Rubik用20世纪80年代的一句日本口号来安慰我，这句话是为一种游戏创造的：“一分钟学习，一生精通”)”可知，Rubik在安慰作者，由此可知作者还没有解决自己的魔方问题。故D选项“我不得不承认我还没有解决它”符合语境，故选D。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Power of First Impressions When people meet for the first time, they make first impressions of one another in a few seconds. Research shows that first impressions are very important because they have a strong impact on forming relationships. Studies show that the primacy effect is an important part of first impressions. The primacy effect is the idea that the first impression is very difficult to change. After the first meeting, two people may interact again and learn more about each other, but the early impressions they formed will influence their feelings about each other in the future. For example, if a person has a good first impression of someone, he or she probably will not notice bad things about the person later. However, if that person has a bad first impression, he or she will probably notice mostly bad things in the future. Another interesting part of first impressions is that people act how others expect them to act. This is called a self-fulfilling prophecy. Research by Snyder and Swann supports this idea. In that study, partners played a game together. The partners did not know one another, so the researchers told each player about his partner. Sometimes they said positive things about a partner. Sometimes they said negative things. The result of the study showed that players acted friendly when they expected their partners to be friendly, but they acted unfriendly when they expected their partners to be unfriendly. The players’ expectations influenced how they acted toward one another. A related study by Michael Sunnafrank (2004) showed that when people first meet, they quickly make predictions about what kind of relationship they will have. Sunnafrank found that these predictions had a strong impact on future relationships. In his study of 164 first-year college students, Sunnafrank found that when students predicted they could be friends, they sat closer together in class and interacted more. As a result, they actually became friends. In other words, they made their predictions come true. Clearly, first impressions are very important in forming relationships, because they influence the expectations people have of one another and how they behave toward one another. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】First impressions are important in terms of how the future relationship might be. Firstly, it is difficult to change the first impression. Secondly, people will do what they think others expect them to do at the first meeting. Lastly, people will predict what their relationships will be like in the future when they meet for the first time. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍人们几秒内就会形成第一印象，它对人际交往影响很大。首因效应使其难以改变，还会催生自我实现预言，人们对关系的预判也往往成真。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Research shows that first impressions are very important because they have a strong impact on forming relationships. ② The primacy effect is the idea that the first impression is very difficult to change. After the first meeting, two people may interact again and learn more about each other, but the early impressions they formed will influence their feelings about each other in the future. ③ Another interesting part of first impressions is that people act how others expect them to act. This is called a self-fulfilling prophecy. ④ A related study by Michael Sunnafrank (2004) showed that when people first meet, they quickly make predictions about what kind of relationship they will have. Sunnafrank found that these predictions had a strong impact on future relationships. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为核心结论，点明第一印象对建立关系十分重要；第②点概括为首因效应，第一印象很难改变，持续影响后续感受；第③点概括为自我实现预言，人们会按照预想中对方的期待行事；第④点概括为初次见面时人们对关系的预判会深刻影响日后交往。 3. 遣词造句 First impressions are vital because they strongly affect future relationships. The primacy effect makes early impressions difficult to change. Self-fulfilling prophecy leads people to behave as expected. Initial predictions often come true through later interaction, shaping how people relate to each other. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First impressions are important in terms of how the future relationship might be. (运用了how引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Lastly, people will predict what their relationships will be like in the future when they meet for the first time. (运用了what引导的宾语从句，when引导的状语从句) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 当谈及野外探险时，勇气与谨慎缺一不可。(when it comes to) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When it comes to wilderness exploration, both courage and caution are indispensable. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，此处考查固定句型When it comes to… 表示“当谈及……”；表示“野外探险”应用wilderness exploration，作宾语；表示“勇气与谨慎” 应用courage and caution，作主句主语；表示“缺一不可”应用are indispensable，作表语，时态用一般现在时陈述客观事实。 53. 这座数百万年前形成的巨大洞穴值得我们前去一探究竟。(worth) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This massive cave formed millions of years ago is worth exploring. 【解析】 【详解】“这座洞穴”表达为this massive cave；“数百万年前形成的”可用非谓语动词作后置定语，“形成”表达为form，为及物动词，和cave是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用过去分词，“数百万年前”用短语millions of years ago；“某事值得做”用固定搭配sth. be worth doing，该结构用主动形式表被动含义；“一探究竟”对应explore，用动名词exploring。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语cave是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 54. 只有当你跳出固有的思维模式，你才能想出富有创意的解决办法。(Only) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Only when you break out of your fixed mindset can you come up with creative solutions. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，此处考查only + 状语从句置于句首，主句需要部分倒装；表示“只有当”应用Only when引导时间状语从句；表示“你”应用you，作从句主语；表示“跳出固有的思维模式”应用break out of your fixed mindset，作从句谓语和宾语，符合“主将从现”原则，所以用一般现在时；表示“你”应用you，作主句主语；表示“想出”应用come up with；表示“富有创意的解决办法”应用creative solutions；情态动词can提前构成倒装。 55. 这项研究揭示，财富未必能提升人欣赏平凡美好的能力，这颠覆了很多人长久以来的固有观念。(which) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This research reveals that wealth does not necessarily enhance people’s ability to appreciate ordinary beauty, which overturns many people’s long-held assumptions. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意以及句子要求提示可知，表示“这项研究”为名词This research；表示“揭示”为动词reveal；后接that引导的宾语从句，在该从句中，表示“财富”为名词wealth；表示“未必”可译为does not necessarily；表示“提升人欣赏平凡美好的能力”可译为enhance people’s ability to appreciate ordinary beauty；后接which引导的非限制定语从句，which指代前文整句话的研究结论，表示“颠覆了很多人长久以来的固有观念”可译为overturn many people’s long-held assumptions；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近看到学校英语报上正在开展主题为 “The books I have read” 的征文活动，你对此很感兴趣，有意撰文参加。写一篇文章，内容须包括： 1) 对你曾经读过的书进行分类； 2) 每一类的特点，并用具体实例进行说明。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 My Reading Universe Books are the stepping stones to human progress, and my reading journey can be broadly categorized into two main types: fictional classics and non-fiction literature. The first category is fictional classics, which are characterized by their profound philosophical insights and emotional resonance. Take The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry as a prime example. Although superficially a fairy tale, it profoundly explores universal truths about love, loneliness, and responsibility. The second category is non-fiction literature, particularly in the realms of history and science. These books are highly informative and highly logical. For instance, reading Sapiens enabled me to grasp the evolutionary trajectory of humanity and vastly expanded my cognitive boundaries. In conclusion, while fiction enriches my soul and empathy, non-fiction empowers me with rational thinking. Both types of books are indispensable treasures that continually shape my worldview. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学高三学生李明的身份，为学校英语报的征文活动写一篇题为“The books I have read”的短文，对读过的书籍进行分类并介绍每一类的特点，同时举出具体例子加以说明。 【详解】1.词汇积累 分类：categorize→classify 深刻的：profound→insightful 不可或缺的：indispensable→imperative 领会：grasp→comprehend 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：These books are highly informative and highly logical. 拓展句：These books, which are highly informative and highly logical, are worth reading. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The first category is fictional classics, which are characterized by their profound philosophical insights and emotional resonance. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。) 【高分句型2】Both types of books are indispensable treasures that continually shape my worldview. (运用了that引导的定语从句。) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科5月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Power of Small Talk Many people underestimate the power of small talk. They regard casual chatting as meaningless gossip, ____1____ (waste) precious time that could be spent on important work. Yet researchers have found that small talk plays a vital role in our social life. Small talk refers to light informal conversation, ____2____ serves as a social bridge between strangers or acquaintances. When you chat about trivial topics like weather or sports with someone you barely know, you are not just killing time ____3____ building social bonds. It helps break the ice, reduce awkwardness, and create a relaxed atmosphere ____4____ real communication can begin. A study ____5____ (conduct) by Harvard Business School shows that employees who engage in proper small talk tend to have better working relationships with colleagues. People ____6____ are good at small talk are usually considered more approachable and cooperative. However, small talk is not equal to gossip. Gossip often focuses on other people’s private affairs, ____7____ may cause misunderstanding or hurt others’ feelings, while small talk sticks to safe public topics. ____8____ you are at a party, waiting in a queue, or in the office, mastering small talk skills can bring you unexpected benefits. You do not need to be extraordinarily humorous. What ____9____ (matter) most is ____10____ (show) your willingness to connect with others. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. added B. caring C. collection D. combination E. design F. meant G. rare H. reach I. spread J. striking K. symbol Saving a City’s Public Art Avoiding L.A.’s traffic jams may be impossible, but the city’s colorful highway murals (壁画) can brighten even the worst journey. Paintings of famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and highway walls all across the city. With a(n) ____11____ of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world. But a(n) ____12____ of graffiti (涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. In the past, experts say, little attention was given to ____13____ for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works — not an easy task with cars racing by on the highway! Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore its murals. So far, 16 walls have been selected, and more may be ____14____ later. Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were ____15____. But in the ‘60s and ‘70s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th century Mexican mural painting. Soon, the young artists’ own murals became a(n) ____16____ of the city’s culture. The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca’s “The Great Wall”, a 13-foot-high (4-meter-high) painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood. The mural represents the history of different ethnic groups (族群) in California. It took eight years to complete, with 400 teenagers painting the ____17____, and is probably the longest mural in the world. One of the murals that will be restored is Kent Twitchell’s “Seventh Street Altarpiece”, which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. This ____18____ work shows two people facing each other on opposite sides of the highway near downtown Los Angeles. “It was ____19____ as a kind of gateway through which the traveler to L.A. must drive,” said Twitchell. “The open hands represent peace.” Artists often call murals the people’s art. Along a busy highway or hidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can ____20____ people who might never pay money to see fine art in a museum. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In modern cities, it is now time as much as space that separates urban functions, as people’s lives are lived not only to different timetables, but also at wildly different rates. The mass timetable of the industrial city, with 9-5 office hours and silent Sundays, has gone. In its ___21___ is flexi-time, part-time working, Sunday shopping and the 24-hour city. European cities are ___22___ these changes perhaps faster than British cities. In at least half a dozen cities in Italy, ___23___, you will find the Uffici Tempi--the Offices of Time. What they do is try to reorganise time more flexibly in the city, in order to meet new needs. This is particularly relevant for Italian women, an increasing number of whom have to ___24___ two timetables: work and home. Usually located in the Mayor’s office, the Uffici Tempi bring together transport providers, shop-owners, employers, trade unions, the police and other services to see how their efforts might be better ___25___. The main aim in all this is to increase the efficiency and productivity of the city. This can mean delaying the starting tunes in schools, offices and factories to avoid rush hours, or having shops opening later in the day but closing later too. One further ___26___ is that there can be more police about in the evening, patrolling the streets when people most need them. In a number of German cities, people have been ___27___ whether the timetable of the future city should be 6x6 or 4x9--working hours, that is. Apparently male workers favour a four-day week, while women workers, on the other hand, favour ___28___ shorter working days. This would give employees more time in the afternoon to be with children or to get the shopping. The ___29___ for public services to adapt to our changing lifestyles has been quite difficult for some of the staff involved. ___30___, who likes working evenings or Sundays? Nevertheless, many city centres are now open for shopping seven days a week, and a number of them now promote themselves as ‘24-hour cities’, where those with money can drink, eat, dance and even shop the whole ___31___. Time is flexible, but buildings aren’t. The ___32___ between the structure of the city and its uses, over time, is a serious architectural and planning problem. ___33___ has become the key skill. We are slowly ___34___ the terms of dormitory suburbs and industrial districts, in favour of mixed- use areas, out-of-town retailing and working from home. There is no doubt that planning theory is being ___35___ by the changing nature of time in the modern city. 21. A. report B. side C. place D. way 22. A. sticking to B. responding to C. objecting to D. turning to 23. A. for example B. on the other hand C. by contrast D. in the meanwhile 24. A. alter B. discuss C. understand D. balance 25. A. spared B. harmonized C. directed D. appreciated 26. A. method B. issue C. benefit D. excuse 27. A. debating B. asking C. doubting D. revealing 28. A. four B. six C. seven D. nine 29. A. need B. ambition C. pity D. reason 30. A. Above all B. On the contrary C. After all D. By all means 31. A. night B. day C. city D. area 32. A. difference B. mismatch C. communication D. relationship 33. A. Regulation B. Availability C. Adaptability D. Observation 34. A. varying B. coming C. accepting D. abandoning 35. A. presented B. proved C. established D. challenged Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) By the middle of the second day I know I'm in trouble. In front of me the land stretches up and away towards a distant hill, and into the space, between that hill and me, is crowded one of the most vivid concentrations of color I have ever seen. It starts with the trees. The wet season is the only a few weeks off and almost as if they can smell the coming rains, they have put out their leaves. They are no ordinary green and the dry grasses beneath them are shining with golds, browns, and reds. I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether. I've already made one attempt: a series of lines in orange and red, with bluish trees placed across them, which now lies face down in the grass beside me. I've put it there because the last thing I want right now is for someone else to come along and look at it. A young man called Royale walks up the hill. Royale is a sculptor, and, with several other local men, produces pieces of work in the local stone. Recently, and quite suddenly, this work, and that of several other local co-operatives, has acquired an international reputation. I certainly don't want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day. I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, "what is painting like?" I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants to go with my colors. When I signed up for this holiday, I was hoping for an experience like the one I had had four years earlier in Wales. That was my first painting holiday, and I love it. Two things made it great. First was the teacher, a man called Robin, who showed me that what is important about drawing and painting is not the finished article but the process of completing it. The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. But it was stupid of me to think that I could reproduce the experience down here, deep in the Southern Hemisphere. Zimbabwe is not a part of me, nor I of it. Trying to draw it for the first time, from a standing start, is like trying to start a conversation in Swahili. 36. What problem does the writer have at the beginning of her holiday? A. The weather is not good enough for painting. B. She's brought the wrong materials with her. C. There are no animals that she can paint. D. She can't reproduce the exact color. 37. The writer hid her work because ________. A. she thought it would disappoint Royale. B. she believed Royale painted better C. it wasn't good enough to sell D. it was only a quick sketch 38. What does the writer mean by "what I am up to" in paragraph 3? A. What I might do. B. What I am painting. C. What I will give him. D. What I can teach him. 39. What does the writer say about her previous painting holiday? A. The landscape was more familiar to her. B. Her technique had improved much faster. C. She preferred the teacher she had had then. D. She had been able to complete a number of paintings. (B) Can you imagine being a student at university before computers appeared? Before the technological revolution in the 1980s, if you didn’t want to write by hand you had a typewriter. Curious about the history of the typewriter? Although the first writing machines were built in the 14th century, they varied in size and shape; some were as large as pianos! The first typewriter was patented in England in 1714, but typewriters as we know them didn’t actually kick off as manufactured products until the late 1800s. So how does it work? First, you need keys to press. When you press a key, it makes another lever called the type hammer move up towards the paper. The type hammer has the metal bar with the letters attached to it at the end. Just before the letter hits the paper, a piece of cloth with ink on it called the ribbon moves upwards between the type and the paper. The letter then appears in ink on the piece of paper. When you take your finger off the key, a spring makes the hammer move back to where it was before. At the same time, the carriage, which is the cylinder-shaped (圆柱状的) part at the top where the paper is held, moves to the left. You can therefore continue to write the word that you want. When the carriage gets to the end of a line, you hear a bell. When you hear the bell, you press the carriage return lever on the left-hand side of the typewriter, which moves the paper up, so that you can continue writing on a new line. *lever: a long bar that you use to lift or move something by pressing one end 40. Which of the following statements is true regarding the history of the typewriter? A. The typewriters were mostly as big as pianos in the 1300s. B. The year of 1980 marked the beginning of its decline. C. Its mass production didn’t start until the late 1800s. D. The first one was invented in the year of 1714. 41. What is the function of the ribbon in a typewriter? A. To transfer ink onto the paper. B. To move the carriage to the left. C. To hold the paper in the correct position. D. To protect the type hammer from damage. 42. What does the bell indicate? A. You have run out of ink. B. You need to start a new line. C. You need to re-load the paper. D. You have a problem with the carriage. (C) Our lives are made up of human-machine interactions—with smartphones, televisions, computers—that have the power to delight and, often, frustrate. Into this area has stepped a new class of professional: the user-experience, or UX, designer, whose job is to see a product not from an engineer’s, marketer’s, or legal department’s perspective but from the viewpoint of the user alone. And to insist that the customer should not have to learn to speak the company’s internal language. The company should learn to speak the customer’s. According to a recent survey, the role of UX designers has become a fixture on those year-end “hottest job” lists. If you want to study UX, you now have the option at some three dozen institutions in the United States, including Carnegie Mellon and the University of Washington. But Ford is one of the few major industrial companies in the U.S. to put a UX expert, Jim Hackett, in charge. At present, the question facing the car industry is basically whether high-tech giants such as Tesla and Google can learn car-making technology trains faster than Ford, GM, and other carmakers can learn software and algorithms. But Hackett reflects Ford’s bet that the winner won’t be the best chassis (底盘) maker or software maker, but the company that nails the interaction between man and machine. “One of the things that drew me to Jim was his commitment to design thinking, which puts the human being at the center of the equation,” explained Bill Ford, the company’s executive chairman. Hackett retired from Steelcase, a furniture maker, in 2014 and in 2016, Bill Ford hired him to run the automaker’s Smart Mobility subsidiary, which was tasked with rethinking from the ground up how cars would be driven, powered, and owned. “This is what we call the design gap,” said Hackett in an interview, pointing to the space between two lines on a graph he’d drawn on a whiteboard. One line climbs up—this is a company’s skill at making things, which goes up over time. Below it is a downward line, representing a company’s understanding of the customer’s experience. This, he said, can decline over time, as a company loses sight of the problems it’s in the business of solving. The design gap may be noticeable when the job is, say, building a marginally better tailgate for the Ford F-150. But it becomes positively yawning when your industry is so thoroughly turned on its head that you’re forced to ask some basic questions: Do people want to own their cars or share them? Drive them or have them driven? The flood of new technologies makes everything possible. 43. Which of the following statements best describes a UX designer’s responsibility? A. He is devoted to designing innovative products. B. He is devoted to making a product satisfy users’ needs. C. He is devoted to improving a company’s internal language. D. He is devoted to understanding human-machine interactions. 44. What can be inferred from the passage? A. UX designers are regarded as one of those best-paid jobs. B. High-tech giants have taken the lead in car manufacturing. C. Companies are laying greater emphasis on customers’ feelings. D. The UX courses provided by the US institutions are far from enough, 45. Ford hires Jim Hackett because the company believes that _______. A. it is currently facing the biggest challenge that needs a new perspective B. Hackett’s design thinking is quite different from other UX professionals C. customers’ experience plays a decisive role in the car-making competition D. Steelcase gave Hackett enough time and experience to grow up into an expert 46. What is Jim Hackett most likely to agree with? A. Ford should pay less attention to new technologies. B. Ford has long been ignoring customers’ experience. C. Ford is no longer a leading company in auto making skills. D. Ford has made a wrong decision to build a tailgate for the F-150. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Cube has his own voice I arrive at the Szepilona Bisztro, on a leafy road on the “Buda” side of Budapest, holding a Rubik’s Cube and searching for the man who had created it almost 50 years ago. I feel unworthy to have lunch with Emo Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. Rubik arrives punctually. He’s been coming to this restaurant since the late 1960s, when he was a graduate student, before he had invented one of the world’s most successful puzzles — a cube with 43 quintillion combinations, only one of which is correct. _____47_____ At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”. In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. _____48_____ He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state. “It was a more difficult task to find a system to solve it than it had been to create the thing itself” he says. In the end, it took him a month. And solving it gave him a “happy feeling of freedom’’, he said at the time. The Rubik’s Cube was born, and to date more than 450 million have been sold, the craze reaching its peak in the early 1980s. Rubik was 29 when he “discovered” the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. _____49_____From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. “I can’t imagine there being a higher type for it than there had been in the 1980s,” he says. He motions to my Cube._____50_____Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”. A. But the content of the Cube is so wide that it can be a symbol of logical thinking, a way of life. B. Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. C. His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. D. I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. E. Rubik was born towards the end of the Second World War to an aircraft engineer father and a poet mother. F. The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Power of First Impressions When people meet for the first time, they make first impressions of one another in a few seconds. Research shows that first impressions are very important because they have a strong impact on forming relationships. Studies show that the primacy effect is an important part of first impressions. The primacy effect is the idea that the first impression is very difficult to change. After the first meeting, two people may interact again and learn more about each other, but the early impressions they formed will influence their feelings about each other in the future. For example, if a person has a good first impression of someone, he or she probably will not notice bad things about the person later. However, if that person has a bad first impression, he or she will probably notice mostly bad things in the future. Another interesting part of first impressions is that people act how others expect them to act. This is called a self-fulfilling prophecy. Research by Snyder and Swann supports this idea. In that study, partners played a game together. The partners did not know one another, so the researchers told each player about his partner. Sometimes they said positive things about a partner. Sometimes they said negative things. The result of the study showed that players acted friendly when they expected their partners to be friendly, but they acted unfriendly when they expected their partners to be unfriendly. The players’ expectations influenced how they acted toward one another. A related study by Michael Sunnafrank (2004) showed that when people first meet, they quickly make predictions about what kind of relationship they will have. Sunnafrank found that these predictions had a strong impact on future relationships. In his study of 164 first-year college students, Sunnafrank found that when students predicted they could be friends, they sat closer together in class and interacted more. As a result, they actually became friends. In other words, they made their predictions come true. Clearly, first impressions are very important in forming relationships, because they influence the expectations people have of one another and how they behave toward one another. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 当谈及野外探险时，勇气与谨慎缺一不可。(when it comes to) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 53. 这座数百万年前形成的巨大洞穴值得我们前去一探究竟。(worth) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 54. 只有当你跳出固有的思维模式，你才能想出富有创意的解决办法。(Only) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 55. 这项研究揭示，财富未必能提升人欣赏平凡美好的能力，这颠覆了很多人长久以来的固有观念。(which) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近看到学校英语报上正在开展主题为 “The books I have read” 的征文活动，你对此很感兴趣，有意撰文参加。写一篇文章，内容须包括： 1) 对你曾经读过的书进行分类； 2) 每一类的特点，并用具体实例进行说明。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $