精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语学科6月试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科6月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Your Turn: Should Risky Sports Be Banned? A team of mountain climbers wanted to be the first to climb a particular mountain in the winter. Then they had to be rescued by army helicopters. Nearly a hundred sailboats ____1____ (participate) in an ocean race when a severe storm occurred. Two sailors and one rescue worker died during the rescue mission. Adventurer Richard Branson tried to fly a balloon around the world and crashed several times. Millions of dollars ____2____ (spend) to search for him and bring him home safely. We asked our readers for their opinions. Paulo: What, exactly, is a risky sport? People have died while swimming, playing soccer, or even walking, but no one says those sports are dangerous. I could get in an accident while ____3____ (drive) to my office. You can't ban all risky sports ____4____ people have different definitions of "risky”. Jackie: Yes, they should be banned! Why should these risk takers put other people's lives ____5____ danger? And why should citizens pay all that tax money for rescue operations? Public money should not be used to help ____6____ takes any risks without planning ahead for rescue. Matt: It is a personal choice to put your life at risk. We should not allow the government to put limits on your lives. If you are an adult, it should be your decision, not the government's! And if rescuers have decided to take a dangerous job, the choice was ____7____ too. The world would be very boring if people never took risks. Lisa: All people need a challenge. Some people really enjoy taking risks, and if ____8____ (not allow) to take high-risk sports, they will feel unhappy and look for risky adventures in other areas, like business or politics, or their personal life, ____9____ would cause a lot more problems in the world. Ramesh: They should be banned, and journalists should stop writing and talking about the things that these crazy people do. All this publicity gives a lot of bad ideas to teenagers and encourages them _____10_____ (try) dangerous things. 【答案】1. were participating 2. were spent 3. driving 4. because 5. in 6. whoever 7. theirs 8. not allowed 9. which 10. to try 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕“危险运动是否该被禁止”这一话题，列举多起危险运动遇险救援事例，并展示了五位读者不同的观点。 【1题详解】 考查时态。 句意：近一百艘帆船正在参加一场远洋比赛，这时一场猛烈的暴风雨来袭。 固定句型be doing.....when......表示 “正在做某事，这时突然……”；主语Nearly a hundred sailboats 是复数，事件发生在过去，be动词用 were。 【2题详解】 考查时态和语态。 句意：数百万美元被花在搜寻他、把他安全带回家这件事上。主语 Millions of dollars和spend是被动关系；讲述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；主语为复数，谓语动词用复数。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。 句意：我开车去办公室的时候也可能发生事故。while 引导时间状语从句，从句主语和主句主语 I 一致，且I和drive 是主动关系，从句省略主语和 be动词，填driving。 【4题详解】 考查连词。 句意：你不能禁止所有危险运动，因为人们对“危险”有着不同的定义。 后半句是前半句“不能禁止” 的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。 【5题详解】 考查介词。 句意：为什么这些冒险者要把其他人的生命置于危险之中？固定搭配 put......in danger 意为“使……处于危险中”。 【6题详解】 考查连词。句意：公共资金不应该用来帮助任何一个没有提前做好救援预案就冒险的人。 help后是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“任何人”，whoever = anyone who，意为“无论谁”。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：并且如果救援人员当初选择了这份危险的工作，那选择也是他们自己的。此处指代“their choice”，后面没有名词，用名词性物主代词theirs。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人非常享受冒险，如果不能从事高风险的运动，他们就会感到不快，并在其他领域寻找冒险的机会，比如商业、政治或个人生活，这反而会给世界带来更多的问题。if 引导条件状语从句，从句主语they和allow是被动关系，从句省略主语和be动词，故用not allowed。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。 句意：有些人非常享受冒险，如果不能从事高风险的运动，他们就会感到不快，并在其他领域寻找冒险的机会，比如商业、政治或个人生活，这反而会给世界带来更多的问题。which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事，在从句中作主语。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：所有这些宣传给青少年灌输很多不好的想法，怂恿他们去尝试危险的事情。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励/怂恿某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. bunch B. closeness C. confused D. disrupted E. encounters F. heavily G. recomposed H. reserved I. unconsciously J. unrecognisable K. valuable Relationship in the Digital Age People from our past whom we no longer directly communicate with but who are active on social networks can “occupy ____11____ space in your mind, and you think about them instead of about your close friends,” said Carlin Flora, the author of Friendfluence: The Surprising Ways Friends Make Us Who We are. “If my high school friend posts frequently about her life, it’s almost like it’s celebrity gossip, or it seems as if I am watching a reality show about her,” Ms. Flora said. “Our brains get ____12____ about whether we know celebrities; if we see someone a lot, our brain thinks we know them.” Ms. Schiller, the Iowa graduate, goes out often with friends at night but also lives on a digital diet of texting (____13____ enough that she recently hurt her thumb), Google Chat and social media. As with many young people, talking on the phone was never a big part of her routine and is now ____14____ for the rarest of occasions. There are physiological benefits to face-to-face ____15____, however, that doesn’t belong to digital interactions or the phone. “Your blood pressure goes down, and you imitate your friend’s gesture ____16____,” Ms. Flora said. “It’s a kind of harmony humans have developed over thousands of years, and you don’t get that when you only follow someone on social media.” But now it’s common for the synchrony (同步性) to be ____17____ in person, thanks to smartphones. Imagine Edward Hopper’s 1942 painting Nighthawks (right) ____18____ today, with the three late-night diners and counterman all gazing at screens. “If there’s a(n) ____19____ of guys at a bar together and they’re all on their phones,” Ms. Flora said, “they’re not doing much to stimulate the body system to create the sense of _____20_____.” 【答案】11. K 12. C 13. F 14. H 15. E 16. I 17. D 18. G 19. A 20. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了数字时代下人际关系的变化，特别是社交媒体如何影响人们对朋友的认知以及现实中的人际交往，指出虚拟互动可能带来困惑，并影响人们对真实人际关系的投入与感受。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：那些来自我们过去、如今已不再直接联系，但仍活跃在社交网络上的熟人，可以“占据你脑海中宝贵的空间，你想着他们，而不是想着你的好朋友”，《你交的朋友，会决定你的人生》一书的作者卡琳·福洛拉说道。空后为名词“space”，空处需要填入一个形容词作定语，修饰“space”，此处想表达“占据你脑海中宝贵或有价值的空间”之意。valuable为形容词，意为“宝贵的、有价值的”，符合语境。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“我们的大脑会对自己是否认识名人这件事感到困惑；如果我们经常看到某人，大脑就会认为我们认识他们。”空前为系动词“get”，且后文“whether we know celebrities; if we see someone a lot, our brain thinks we know them”描述大脑在虚拟与现实混淆时无法清晰分辨的状态，空处需要一个表示“感到困惑的”的形容词作表语。confused为形容词，意为“感到困惑的”。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：爱荷华州的毕业生席勒女士晚上经常和朋友外出，但同时也沉溺于发短信（发得太多，以至于她最近伤了大拇指）、用谷歌聊天和使用社交媒体的“数字大餐”。前文“lives on a digital diet of texting”的意思是想表示她很依赖用手机发短信，空处所在的括号中的内容，是对前文的一种补充性说明，应是表明她发的数量太多了，以致于伤了手指，副词heavily意为“大量地、过多地”，符合描述频繁使用手机的状态。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：和许多年轻人一样，打电话从来都不是她日常生活中的重要部分，如今更是只在极少有的情况下才会使用。根据空前的“is now”和空后的“for the rarest of occasions”可知，此处构成be reserved for的固定搭配，意为“留作……之用”，reserved是过去分词，此处构成被动语态。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，面对面的相遇确实有生理上的益处，而这种益处并不属于数字互动或电话。根据空格前的face-to-face以及后文提到的“Your blood pressure goes down” 血压下降等生理益处可知，此处需要一个名词来表示“接触”之意，encounters为名词，意为“相遇，接触”，指现实中的面对面交流。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：“你的血压会下降，你会不知不觉地模仿你朋友的手势，”福洛拉女士说。空前为动词“imitate (模仿)”，空处需要一个副词来修饰模仿这一动作。面对面交流时，人们往往会下意识地模仿对方的动作，而自己并未察觉。unconsciously为副词，意为“不知不觉地、无意识地”，符合句意。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：但如今，由于智能手机的存在，这种同步性在面对面交流中被破坏是很常见的现象。上一段的第一句和最后一句，分别提到“physiological benefits”和“a kind of harmony”这些面对面交流本会带来的生理上的益处与和谐。本句句首的But表示转折，且后文“thanks to smartphones”说明是智能手机带来了与前文相反的情况，disrupted为过去分词，意为“被破坏、被打断”，填入空处，构成“be+过去分词”的被动结构，符合句意。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：想象一下爱德华·霍普1942年的画作《夜鹰》（右图）在今天被重新创作为：三个深夜食客和柜台服务员全都盯着屏幕。根据后文“with the three late-night diners and counterman all gazing at screens”可知，这是将该画作放在当今情境下进行重新构思或创作。空处作“painting”的后置定语，应表示“被重新构想的”之意，recomposed意为“重新构思、重新创作”，为过去分词作后置定语。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：福洛拉女士说：“如果酒吧里有一群人聚在一起，而他们全都在看手机，那么他们并没有做什么来刺激身体系统产生亲密感。”此处为固定短语“a bunch of”，意为“一群、一伙”。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：福洛拉女士说：“如果酒吧里有一群人聚在一起，而他们全都在看手机，那么他们并没有做什么来刺激身体系统产生亲密感。”上一段提到面对面交流能带来生理上的益处和人类的和谐；盯着手机则无法产生这种亲密感。closeness为名词，意为“亲密、接近”，符合语境。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Every technology has improved over the years except batteries! Why can’t someone invent a better battery?” These are the words we often hear from technology fans. In fact, though, the average technology fan is ___21___ two huge points about batteries. First point: The batteries you probably ___22___ most are the ones in your phone or laptop. But you could argue — and many scientists do that batteries are the keys to handling much, much bigger problems, like energy, transportation and climate change. ___23___, today electric cars represent only about 1 percent of U.S. new car sales. One reason is they cost more than gas-powered cars. Another is ___24___ anxiety — consumers’ fear they’ll run out of charge far from home. The ___25___, higher-capacity (容量) batteries now under development aim to solve both those problems. Then there’s the grid (输电网). Electric utilities (电力公司) spend their days coping with swings in energy ___26___. There’s almost no demand at night, when everyone’s asleep, and then tremendous increase at 5 p.m., when people get home from work. Utilities actually ___27___ expensive, inefficient, occasionally used backup power plants just to handle demand increase, as occurs during heat waves. Batteries connected to the grid could even out those strange swings. Maybe even more important, grid batteries could capture solar power while the sun’s shining — and wind power when it’s blowing — for use when we really ___28___it. Thus far we haven’t been able to make the sun and wind respect our lifestyle ___29___ . The other important point: Batteries have been getting better over the decades. The reason why we don’t ___30___ it is that our devices have been getting faster, more powerful and more power hungry at the same time. If you could put a ___31___ iPhone battery into a 1995 phone, it’d probably go a year on a single charge. Other great things are ___32___. Materials scientist Mike Zimmerman has succeeded in replacing the liquid electrolyte (液体电解质), which can burn easily, with a single piece of special plastic film. That is, batteries ___33___ exploding. And because it’s unblowuppable, Zimmerma can use lithium metal, which has a much higher energy density but is considered too ___34___ to us with today’s liquid-electrolyte batteries. That is: batteries with a longer life. So if you do want to complain about your batteries, get it out now. It won’t be long before they have a much better ___35___. 21. A. solving B. following C. missing D. weighing 22. A. think about B. take up C. get across D. see through 23. A. In summary B. In addition C. By contrast D. For example 24. A. range B. power C. state D. stress 25. A. stronger B. cheaper C. safer D. cleaner 26. A. price B. demand C. stock D. control 27. A. maintain B. evaluate C. abandon D. identify 28. A. emphasize B. stop C. neglect D. need 29. A. varieties B. directions C. schedules D. purposes 30. A. notice B. doubt C. support D. ignore 31. A. charged B. used C. dead D. modern 32. A. at a loss B. in the darkness C. on the way D. with a question 33. A. inconvenient for B. incapable of C. sensitive to D. different from 34. A. popular B. dangerous C. common D. economical 35. A. comparison B. opportunity C. understanding D. reputation 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述人们总抱怨电池技术停滞不前，却忽略两个关键点：电池能解决电动车、电网储能等能源难题，且多年来一直在进步。新型安全高容量电池正在研发，未来电池的口碑将会大幅改善。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：但事实上，普通科技爱好者忽略了关于电池的两大重点。A. solving解决；B. following跟随；C. missing忽略，漏掉；D. weighing权衡。根据后文“First point”以及语境可知，下文分两点讲解大众不了解的电池相关关键信息，所以此处指爱好者遗漏了两个重要要点。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：第一点，你最可能想到的电池就是手机或笔记本电脑里的电池。A. think about想到；B. take up占据；C. get across使理解；D. see through看穿。根据后文“the ones in your phone or laptop”和“like energy, transportation and climate change”描述大众只会联想到数码设备电池，不会联想到电动汽车、电网储能电池可知，手机或笔记本电脑里的电池是人们最先想到的电池。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：例如，如今电动汽车仅占美国新车销量的1%。A. In summary总之；B. In addition此外；C. By contrast相比之下；D. For example例如。前文“batteries are the keys to handling much, much bigger problems, like energy, transportation and climate change”提出电池能解决交通、能源等重大难题，而后文用电动汽车的现状举例佐证观点可知，For example符合语境。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：另一个原因是续航焦虑 —— 消费者担心在离家很远的地方电量耗尽。A. range续航；B. power电力；C. state状态；D. stress压力。根据后文“they’ll run out of charge far from home”解释该词含义为担心电动车电量不足、半路没电可知，此处指续航焦虑，range anxiety是固定搭配，表示“续航焦虑”，符合语境。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：目前正在研发更便宜、容量更大的电池，旨在解决这两个问题。A. stronger更强的；B. cheaper更便宜的；C. safer更安全的；D. cleaner更清洁的。根据前文“they cost more than gas-powered cars”提出电动车售价高于燃油车以及语境可知，此处指更便宜的电池可解决高价问题。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：电力公司每天都要应对电力需求的波动。A. price价格；B. demand需求；C. stock储备；D. control控制。根据后文“There’s almost no demand at night”以及语境可知，此处指昼夜对电力需求的波动，demand为原词复现，符合语境。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：电力公司维持昂贵、低效、偶尔启用的备用发电厂，只为应对用电激增。A. maintain维持，保有；B. evaluate评估；C. abandon舍弃；D. identify识别。根据后文“used backup power plants just to handle demand increase, as occurs during heat waves”提到备用电厂仅用电高峰启用，却需要长期投入运营可知，此处指电力公司需要维护、保有这些设施。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：更重要的是，电网电池可以储存白天太阳能、有风时的风能，供我们真正需要能源时使用。A. emphasize强调；B. stop停止；C. neglect忽视；D. need需要。根据前文“grid batteries could capture solar power”以及语境可知，此处指储能电池的作用是平抑用电波动，把富余能源留到我们真的需要用电高峰期使用。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：到目前为止，我们还无法让太阳能、风能匹配我们的生活作息。A. varieties种类；B. directions方向；C. schedules作息，时间安排；D. purposes目的。根据前文“solar power while the sun’s shining — and wind power when it’s blowing”描述白天阳光充足、风力充足，但人们傍晚下班才大量用电可知，此处指能源产出时间和人们生活作息时间不匹配。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们没注意到电池一直在进步，是因为设备同时变得更快、功率更高、耗电更多。A. notice注意到；B. doubt怀疑；C. support支持；D. ignore忽视。根据开篇“Every technology has improved over the years except batteries!”描述人们总吐槽电池技术停滞不前可知，此处指大家没有察觉到电池一直在升级改进。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果把现代苹果手机电池装到1995年的手机里，充一次电大概能用一年。A. charged充好电的；B. used用过的；C. dead没电的；D. modern现代的。根据后文“into a 1995 phone”以及语境可知，此处将新款电池和老式手机搭配对比续航，所以这里指当下新款手机的电池。 【32题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：其他重大突破也即将到来。A. at a loss困惑；B. in the darkness在黑暗中；C. on the way即将到来；D. with a question存有疑问。根据后文“Materials scientist Mike Zimmerman has succeeded in replacing the liquid electrolyte”介绍科学家研发出新型电池技术可知，此处指更多电池创新技术正在研发、即将问世。 【33题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：也就是说，电池不会爆炸。A. inconvenient for不方便；B. incapable of不能；C. sensitive to对……敏感；D. different from不同于。根据前文“the liquid electrolyte (液体电解质), which can burn easily”以及语境可知，此处指用不易燃的塑料薄膜替换易燃烧的液体电解质，新型电池不会发生爆炸，incapable of符合语境。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而且由于该电池不会爆炸，齐默曼得以采用金属锂。金属锂能量密度要高得多，但如果搭配如今的液态电解质电池使用，会被认为风险过高。A. popular受欢迎的；B. dangerous危险的；C. common普通的；D. economical经济的。根据前文“the liquid electrolyte (液体电解质), which can burn easily”描述老式液体电解质容易燃烧，此处指锂金属在旧电池体系中十分危险。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：用不了多久，电池的口碑就会大幅好转。A. comparison对比；B. opportunity机会；C. understanding理解；D. reputation口碑，名声。根据开篇“Every technology has improved over the years except batteries!”描述大众普遍吐槽电池性能差，后文介绍多项电池技术突破可知，此处指未来电池性能提升，人们对电池的评价与口碑会变好。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Skateboarder Tom was 23 when he set off on an epic journey: to skateboard across the whole of Australia. The trip would cover more than 5,000 kilometres. He had no team backing him, no big sponsors, just his skateboard, his backpack and a lot of determination. Tom’s idea started one evening when he was watching documentaries about long-distance adventures. “I thought, why not me?” he recalls. Most cross-Australia travellers use cars or bikes. Hardly anyone attempts the journey on a skateboard. People told him he was crazy. Friends warned about extreme heat, dangerous wildlife and long empty stretches of road. Tom did some basic training. He built up his leg muscles by skateboarding for hours each day. He also read survival guides. Still, nothing could fully prepare him for what lay ahead. The first few weeks were physically exhausting. His legs ached constantly. He suffered terrible sunburn. Water was hard to find. Sometimes he would go many hours without seeing another human being. At night he slept in his tent beside the highway. There were good moments too. Strangers would stop their cars to give him food and water. He met many interesting people. The landscape changed dramatically as he travelled. But the journey was not without setbacks. At one point, his skateboard was badly cracked. He had to wait for days in a small town while a local workshop fixed it for free. “That kindness meant everything to me,” he says. After 147 days, Tom finally reached his destination. He had lost 12 kilograms but gained a new understanding of life. “I learned that you don’t need to be perfectly prepared to start something. You just need to take the first step,” he says. “And I learned that people are generally kind and willing to help.” 36. What made Tom decide to skate across Australia? A. Pressure from his friends. B. Watching adventure documentaries. C. Wish to win sponsorship. D. Desire to set a new sports record. 37. What difficulty did Tom meet on his journey? A. He had no tent for sleeping. B. He suffered from sore legs and sunburn. C. Local people refused to offer him supplies. D. Dangerous animals attacked him several times. 38. What saved Tom’s journey when his skateboard was badly cracked? A. A brand-new skateboard from a sponsor. B. Survival skills he learned from books. C. Free repair service from a local workshop. D. Help from other cross-Australia travellers. 39. What lesson did Tom learn from the journey? A. Perfect preparation guarantees success. B. Travelling alone is the best way to build confidence. C. One should dare to begin despite imperfect conditions. D. Long-distance travel requires a professional team. 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. C 39. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了23岁的汤姆独自滑板穿越澳大利亚，旅途艰辛且遭遇滑板破损，但收获陌生人善意，他感悟不必准备万全，勇敢迈出第一步就好。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Tom’s idea started one evening when he was watching documentaries about long-distance adventures. (Tom的想法始于一天晚上他观看关于长途冒险的纪录片时)”可知，是观看冒险纪录片促使他做出了滑板穿越澳大利亚的决定。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“His legs ached constantly. He suffered terrible sunburn. (他的腿经常酸痛。他遭受了严重的晒伤)”可知，他在旅途中遇到了腿部酸痛和严重晒伤的困难。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“At one point, his skateboard was badly cracked. He had to wait for days in a small town while a local workshop fixed it for free. (有一次，他的滑板严重破裂。他不得不在一个小镇等了几天，当地的一家修理厂免费为他修理了滑板)”可知，是当地修理厂提供的免费维修服务拯救了他的旅程。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I learned that you don’t need to be perfectly prepared to start something. You just need to take the first step(我学到了，你不需要做完美的准备才开始做某事。你只需要迈出第一步)”可知，他从旅程中学到的道理是：即使条件不完美，人们也应该敢于迈出第一步去开始。 （B） Researcher A The young athletes interviewed seemed emotionally resilient and able to cope with the pressures of the training and performance environments. In this they appeared helped by their family environment and parental interest, with very few of them experiencing persistent tension or anxiety about the prospect of training or competing. Furthermore, the rate of self-reported psychological illness was lower among these athletes than in the general population, which must relate to the cohesion which is an obvious characteristic of athletic families. Researcher B My findings suggest that intensive training had a significant effect on the young athlete and his or her family where leisure time and friendships were concerned. These youngsters devoted a considerable amount of free time to training, but not to the extent that it affected their ability to make and maintain key relationships. Training was seen as a positive aspect of their lives rather than increasing their stress levels. Unfortunately, because of the cost of accessing sports programmes, it appeared that the positive gains were not equally open to all classes and family types. However, young athletes considered their families to be more supportive and more willing to accept change than youngsters who were not participating in sport. Researcher C Rates of emotional and behavioural problems within a population of young athletes and a group of control youngsters were compared in our survey. Over two-thirds described their daily health as above average, with few actually experiencing poor health. One could go as far as to say that young athletes have more resilience to illness and infection than those who are non-participants; it is however not known whether this is because of the social incentives and reinforcement practices of the coach or parent involved, or because intense sporting activity in fact affords a measure of protection from illness. Researcher D As we sampled our sports group, we found that very few appeared to experience poor health during the study. Most interestingly, many young athletes reported a minimal amount of anxiety during training. Those who had this reaction experienced only the mildest of symptoms, usually characterised by feelings of restlessness. Additionally, the close family environment played a role in protection against psychological illness. However, some concern was felt about athletes' siblings, who occasionally struggle to accept the success of an athlete within the family and may even on occasion feel neglected by parents. 40. What are the four researchers mainly talking about? A. The research on how to cultivate young athletes. B. The positive effects of taking up sports while young. C. The support that young athletes get from their families. D. The potential problems that young athletes may meet with. 41. The word “resilient” most probably means ________. A. hard to adjust B. not long forgotten C. not easily damaged D. certain to remember 42. Which of the following statements is true of the four researchers? A. Researcher A finds that athletic families are less harmonious than other families. B. Researcher B finds that young athletes are more open to change than non-participants. C. Researcher C finds that intense sporting activity protects young athletes from illness. D. Researcher D finds that young athletes are very likely to feel stressed. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了四位研究人员对青少年运动员进行的研究，说明从小参加体育运动对青少年在情绪韧性、家庭关系、社交能力和健康状况等方面具有积极影响。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“The young athletes interviewed seemed emotionally resilient and able to cope with the pressures of the training and performance environments. (接受采访的年轻运动员似乎情绪韧性强，能够应对训练和比赛环境带来的压力。)”，第二段第三句“Training was seen as a positive aspect of their lives rather than increasing their stress levels. (训练被视为他们生活中的积极方面，而不是增加他们的压力水平。)”，第三段最后一句“One could go as far as to say that young athletes have more resilience to illness and infection than those who are non-participants; it is however not known whether this is because of the social incentives and reinforcement practices of the coach or parent involved, or because intense sporting activity in fact affords a measure of protection from illness. (甚至可以这样说，年轻运动员比不参加运动的人对疾病和感染有更强的抵抗力；然而，目前尚不清楚这是因为相关教练或家长所给予的社会激励与强化做法，还是因为剧烈的体育活动实际上提供了一定程度的疾病防护。)”，以及第四段第二句“Most interestingly, many young athletes reported a minimal amount of anxiety during training. (最有趣的是，许多年轻运动员报告说他们在训练期间只有极少的焦虑。)”可知，四位研究人员都在围绕青少年参加体育运动所带来的积极影响进行论述。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“The young athletes interviewed seemed emotionally resilient and able to cope with the pressures of the training and performance environments. (受采访的年轻运动员似乎情绪上resilient，能够应对训练和比赛环境带来的压力。)”可知，resilient与able to cope with the pressures并列，说明年轻运动员在情绪上能够承受压力，他们在情绪上韧性强，不易受到伤害。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“However, young athletes considered their families to be more supportive and more willing to accept change than youngsters who were not participating in sport. (然而，年轻运动员认为，与不参加体育运动的青少年相比，他们的家庭给予了更多支持，也更愿意接受改变。)”可知，研究者B认为，参加运动的年轻运动员比不参加运动的青少年更愿意接受变化，更乐于适应改变，即对改变有更开放的心态。 （C） Public health emergencies are a fact of life in a world as interconnected as ours. In just the past five years we have witnessed unexpected outbreaks of fatal diseases — Ebola, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika — each of which has spread far beyond its historical geographical range. No one can say what the next large-scale emergency will be, whom it will affect or when it will strike, but we do know that it is inevitable. Yet the U.S. is unprepared to meet this threat because it does not set aside money to beat back an outbreak before it can spread. The U.S. used to have a national public health emergency fund, first created in the 1980s, but its balance has since decreased to $57,000 — enough to buy a few thousand first aid kits but not much else. What we need is more on the order of several hundred million to $1 billion in new funding that is always and immediately available and is refilled whenever it becomes drained. An organization is already in place to deal with natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is pre-authorized to set aside hundreds of millions of dollars to pay for debris removal, for example, when state or local budgets become stressed by a weather emergency. Creating a similar “rainy day” fund — and providing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with permission to use it in advance, without needing to go to the Congress could save lives and money, both at home and overseas. The idea behind an emergency fund is not to displace efforts to fight infectious disease but to increase them to meet an urgent temporary need. During an outbreak, the CDC can call on many doctors and nurses to work without pay, but the costs of transportation, medical supplies and protective equipment still have to be covered. The increase in patients typically increases the need for laboratory testing — extra requirements that can be met by short-term contracts with commercial companies. 43. According to the author, what does today’s interconnectedness lead to? A. Fatal diseases spread farther than they used to. B. Better preparations are made to fight diseases. C. There are more disease outbreaks than before. D. We can predict when the next emergency will strike. 44. What does the author imply about the U.S’s national public health emergency fund? A. It was created too late. B. It has worked well before. C. It can’t meet today’s needs. D. It can’t deal with natural disease. 45. Which statement about a “rainy day” fund is the author most likely to agree with? A. The fund can save more lives at home than abroad during an emergency. B. Efforts to fight fatal diseases have been displaced due to the misuse of the fund. C. Most infectious diseases could have been prevented if the fund had been in place. D. CDC can decide how to use the fund for emergencies without further permission. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. What can be achieved with a pre-weather emergency fund. B. Why it is almost impossible to avoid future disease outbreaks. C. Why it is especially important to fight infectious diseases now. D. What can be done to minimize the danger of disease outbreaks. 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了今天的相互联系导致致命疾病比过去传播得更远，因此需要将疾病爆发的危险降到最低。因此建议美国设置一些组织和机构来应对这些紧急情况。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Public health emergencies are a fact of life in a world as interconnected as ours. In just the past five years we have witnessed unexpected outbreaks of fatal diseases — Ebola, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika — each of which has spread far beyond its historical geographical range.(突发公共卫生事件是当今世界相互关联的现实。就在过去五年中，我们目睹了埃博拉、基孔肯雅热、黄热病和寨卡等致命疾病的意外爆发，每一种疾病的传播范围都远远超出了其历史地理范围)”可知，今天的相互联系导致致命疾病比过去传播得更远。故选A。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The U.S. used to have a national public health emergency fund, first created in the 1980s, but its balance has since decreased to $57,000 — enough to buy a few thousand first aid kits but not much else. What we need is more on the order of several hundred million to $1 billion in new funding that is always and immediately available and is refilled whenever it becomes drained.(美国曾经有一个国家公共卫生应急基金，最早创建于上世纪80年代，但它的余额已经减少到57,000美元，只够买几千个急救包，其他的就不多了。我们需要的更多的是几亿到10亿美元的新资金，这些资金总是可以立即获得，而且一旦耗尽就会被补充)”可推知，美国国家公共卫生应急基金不能满足今天的需求。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Creating a similar “rainy day” fund — and providing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with permission to use it in advance, without needing to go to the Congress could save lives and money, both at home and overseas.(创建一个类似的“雨天”基金——并事先向疾病控制和预防中心提供使用它的许可，而不需要向国会申请——可以在国内外拯救生命和金钱)”可推知，D选项“疾病预防控制中心可以自行决定应急资金的使用方式”的观点作者可能同意。故选D。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Public health emergencies are a fact of life in a world as interconnected as ours. In just the past five years we have witnessed unexpected outbreaks of fatal diseases — Ebola, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika — each of which has spread far beyond its historical geographical range. No one can say what the next large-scale emergency will be, whom it will affect or when it will strike, but we do know that it is inevitable.(突发公共卫生事件是当今世界相互关联的现实。就在过去五年中，我们目睹了埃博拉、基孔肯雅热、黄热病和寨卡等致命疾病的意外爆发，每一种疾病的传播范围都远远超出了其历史地理范围。没有人能说下一个大规模的紧急情况会是什么，会影响谁，何时会发生，但我们知道这是不可避免的)”结合下文建议美国设置一些组织和机构来应对这些紧急情况。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是如何将疾病爆发的危险降到最低。故选D。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Tea for Two Times the Price There is so little Turks agree on these days that even settling on the country’s national drink is hard. Secularists pick raki, a wine best had with baked fish and music. Religious conservatives, including President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, insist on a milky and non-alcoholic drink called ayran. ____47____ An average Turk gets through about 3.5kg of tea every year, or almost four glasses a day, ahead of every other country including Britain, India, China and Russia. Turkey is also the world’s sixth-biggest producer of the leaf. No one has ever entered a house or a government office in Turkey without being offered a glass. (Cups are for coffee, or for tourists.) Now change is taking place in an ancient industry. The government is offering subsidies (补贴) to tea farmers who go organic, hoping that foreigners will then pay more for Turkish tea. ____48____ At one of the company’s factories near Rize, a drab city bordered on one side by the sea and by mountains covered in green carpets of tea on the other, the manager, Koksal Kasapoglu, says the policy has already worked. Organic production at Caykur has shot up from under 100 acres a decade ago to about 10,000 today, about 5% of the total area under cultivation, he says. Some people owe the popularity of tea in Turkey largely to price. ____49____ Many Turks chose the new drink over coffee, which they had been drinking for centuries, but which had become hard to afford. ____50____ Partly because organically grown tea requires more land to produce the same amount of crop, it costs roughly twice as much as the standard kind. Taxpayers’ cash can no doubt persuade many farmers to go organic. But with the economy declining, convincing Turkish tea-drinkers to buy the stuff will be harder. A. What if Turks can afford organic tea? B. A good thing, then, that there is tea, around which all can unite. C. In the second half of the 19th century, when tea arrived in the Ottoman empire, the economy was in decline. D. Price is just as important today. E. Tea wasn’t Turks’ favourite until recently. F. The state tea company, Caykur, the country’s largest producer, will turn entirely to organic farming by 2025. 【答案】47. B 48. F 49. C 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了土耳其人热爱喝茶，政府正推动茶叶有机种植以提高出口价格，但有机茶叶成本高，且在经济不景气时，说服土耳其人购买将更具挑战性。 【47题详解】 由上文“There is so little Turks agree on these days that even settling on the country’s national drink is hard. Secularists pick raki, a wine best had with baked fish and music. Religious conservatives, including President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, insist on a milky and non-alcoholic drink called ayran. (如今，土耳其人在诸多事情上难以达成共识，甚至连确定该国的国饮都颇费周折。世俗主义者偏爱拉克酒，这种酒搭配烤鱼和音乐饮用最佳。而包括总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安在内的宗教保守派则坚持要喝一种名为ayran的乳白色无酒精饮料。)”可知，土耳其人在选择国饮上存在分歧，下文“An average Turk gets through about 3.5kg of tea every year, or almost four glasses a day, ahead of every other country including Britain, India, China and Russia. (土耳其人平均每年消费约3.5公斤茶叶，即每天近四杯，超过了包括英国、印度、中国和俄罗斯在内的所有其他国家。)”则说明土耳其人茶叶消费量很大，因此本空应起到承上启下的作用，强调茶叶是土耳其人都能接受的。B选项“A good thing, then, that there is tea, around which all can unite. (好在还有茶，能让所有人团结起来。)”符合题意。故选B。 【48题详解】 由上文“The government is offering subsidies (补贴) to tea farmers who go organic, hoping that foreigners will then pay more for Turkish tea. (政府正在为种植有机茶叶的茶农提供补贴，希望外国人能因此为土耳其茶叶支付更高的价格。)”可知，政府正在推动茶叶的有机种植，因此本空应继续说明有机种植的计划或行动。F选项“The state tea company, Caykur, the country’s largest producer, will turn entirely to organic farming by 2025. (国家茶叶公司Caykur是该国最大的茶叶生产商，到2025年将完全转向有机农业。)”符合题意。故选F。 【49题详解】 由下文“Many Turks chose the new drink over coffee, which they had been drinking for centuries, but which had become hard to afford. (许多土耳其人选择了这种新饮料，而不是他们已经喝了几个世纪的咖啡，因为咖啡已经变得难以负担。)”可知，许多土耳其人选择了茶叶而不是咖啡，因为咖啡变得难以负担，因此本空应说明茶叶在土耳其变得受欢迎的原因与经济有关。C选项“In the second half of the 19th century, when tea arrived in the Ottoman empire, the economy was in decline. (19世纪下半叶，当茶叶传入奥斯曼帝国时，经济正在衰退。)”符合题意。故选C。 【50题详解】 由下文“Partly because organically grown tea requires more land to produce the same amount of crop, it costs roughly twice as much as the standard kind. (部分原因是有机种植的茶叶需要更多的土地来生产相同数量的作物，因此它的成本大约是标准茶叶的两倍。)”可知，有机茶叶的成本大约是标准茶叶的两倍，因此本空应强调价格因素对茶叶消费的影响。D选项“Price is just as important today. (如今，价格同样重要。)”符合题意。故选D。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Two New York Times Ads Call Millions To Action On January 18, 1970, The New York Times ran a full-page ad announcing a day of environmental action. This day, which was first named publicly in this ad, became the very first Earth Day. “On April 22 we start to reclaim the environment we have wrecked,” the ad stated. “Earth Day is a commitment to make life better, not just bigger and faster. To provide real rather than rhetorical solutions... it is a day for looking beyond tomorrow. April 22 seeks a future worth living.” Fifty years later, almost to the date, Earth Day Network is running another full-page ad in The New York Times, this one announcing Earth Day’s 50th anniversary on April 22, 2020. The ad ran in The New York Times on Sunday, February 2, to subscribers in the United States, with digital ads running on nytimes.com through the month of February. Though today’s environmental crisis — climate change — differs from the destructive pollution problem that spurred the first Earth Day, its root cause remains the same: humans. “A disease has infected our country,” begins the 1970 ad. “It has brought smog to Yosemite, dumped garbage in the Hudson, sprayed DDT in our food, and left our cities in decay. Its carrier is man.” To fight today’s manmade crisis, we once again need people taking to the streets. Like the first ad, the February 2020 ad is a call to action for our planet. If the first Earth Day helped launch the modern environmental movement, the 50th Earth Day must launch a new era of environmentalism and mark a moment when inaction turns to action. “For the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, we need everyone participating,” said Kathleen Rogers, president of Earth Day Network. “In 1970, Earth Day mobilized 20 million Americans. Today, Earth Day is global, and every nation on Earth is participating.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 April 22, 1970, was the first Earth Day, advertised by the New York Times. April 22, 2020 marked its fiftieth anniversary. Although today’s environmental problems are not the same as those of fifty years ago, humans are still to blame. Just like what the ad of 50 years ago achieved, humans are advocated to take action for a better future. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍《纽约时报》先后刊登两则广告，分别推出首个地球日和纪念其五十周年，两次环境问题根源都在于人类，广告呼吁人们行动，地球日已走向全球。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① This day, which was first named publicly in this ad, became the very first Earth Day. ② Fifty years later, almost to the date, Earth Day Network is running another full-page ad in The New York Times, this one announcing Earth Day’s 50th anniversary on April 22, 2020. ③ Though today’s environmental crisis — climate change — differs from the destructive pollution problem that spurred the first Earth Day, its root cause remains the same: humans. ④ To fight today’s manmade crisis, we once again need people taking to the streets. Like the first ad, the February 2020 ad is a call to action for our planet. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点说明1970年《纽约时报》一则整版广告推出首个地球日；第②点说明2020年该报刊登另一则广告纪念地球日五十周年；第③点概括两次环境问题虽表现不同，但根源都是人类活动；第④点概括两则广告都呼吁人们行动起来，地球日已经成为全球性活动。 3. 遣词造句 The first Earth Day was announced by a New York Times ad in 1970. Another ad celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2020. Different as the environmental troubles are, humans account for both. Both ads urge public action and Earth Day has become worldwide. 【点睛】【高分句型1】While the present environmental problem is different from the pollution decades ago, human activity is still to blame. (运用了while引导让步状语从句) 【高分句型2】What the two ads share is that they call on people to act for our planet. (运用了what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家健身中心被誉为这个社区的加分项。(see) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This fitness center is seen as a plus for this community. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这家健身中心”用this fitness centre，作主语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“被誉为”即“被视为”，用be seen as，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。表示“这个社区的加分项”用a plus for this community。 53. 很难想象这家声名远播的饭店竟然坐落在深山里。(locate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s hard to imagine that this famous restaurant is located deep in the mountains. 【解析】 【详解】表示“很难想象”用it’s hard to imagine...，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，that引导宾语从句。表示“这家声名远播的饭店竟然坐落在深山里”用宾语从句，表示“这家声名远播的饭店”用this famous restaurant，作主语；表示“坐落在深山里”用be located deep in the mountains，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语this famous restaurant是单数，be动词用is；宾语从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 54. 从首都直接乘飞机到海滩的游客一定会错过这个山谷的美丽景色。(sure) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Tourists who fly directly from the capital to the beach are sure to miss the beautiful scenery of this valley. 【解析】 【详解】表示“游客”用tourists，作主语，位于句首首字母大写。表示“从首都直接乘飞机到海滩的”用定语从句，修饰先行词Tourists，关系词在从句中作主语，可用who引导；表示“从首都直接乘飞机到海滩”用fly directly from the capital to the beach，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，谓语用动词原形。表示“一定做某事”用be sure to do sth；“错过这个山谷的美丽景色”为miss the beautiful scenery of this valley，主语为Tourists，be动词用are。 55. 这些学生首次注意到其他人在面对面交流过程中拿出手机这个动作有多频繁。(note) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These students noted for the first time how frequently others took out their phones during face-to-face communication. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这些学生”短语为these students，作主语；表示“首次”短语为for the first time，作状语；表示“注意到”动词为note，句子描述过去发生的事，谓语用noted；表示“有多频繁”用how引导宾语从句，后跟副词frequently，从句使用陈述语序；表示“其他人”用others，作从句主语；表示“拿出手机”短语为take out their phones，时态和主句谓语保持一致，用took out，作从句谓语；表示“在面对面交流过程中”短语为during face-to-face communication，作状语。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校将于下个月举办一次慈善义卖，计划招募部分学生作为志愿者参与本次义卖的组织工作。作为学校宣传部的成员，你需要为志愿者招募写一份说明，内容须包括： 1）对这次义卖的简单介绍（如主题、时间、目的等）； 2）计划招募多少名志愿者以及他们的责任。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Volunteer Recruitment Notice To raise funds for underprivileged children and foster the sense of social responsibility, our school will host a charity bazaar themed “Passing on Love” next month. All proceeds will go to rural schools to supply learning materials and better local children’s education. To ensure the smooth operation of the event, we plan to recruit 30 volunteers, who will be assigned various responsibilities. Your main tasks are setting up stalls, sorting donated goods, keeping order and handing out leaflets. If you are caring and warm-hearted, come and join us. You can help with this worthy activity as well as develop your organizational and communication skills. Please sign up at the Student Union office by next Wednesday. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李明的身份，撰写一则慈善义卖志愿者招募说明，介绍义卖相关信息以及志愿者人数和职责。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 各种各样的：various → a wide range of 体贴人的：caring → considerate 热心的：warm-hearted→ enthusiastic 有价值的：worthy → valuable 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：All proceeds will go to rural schools to supply learning materials and better local children’s education. 拓展句：All proceeds will go to rural schools, where they will be used to supply learning materials and better local children’s education. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】To raise funds for underprivileged children and foster the sense of social responsibility, our school will host a charity bazaar themed “Passing on Love” next Friday.（运用了不定式作目的状语以及过去分词短语作后置定语） 【高分句型 2】To ensure the smooth operation of the event, we plan to recruit 30 volunteers, who will be assigned various responsibilities.（运用了关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句以及动词不定式作目的状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科6月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Your Turn: Should Risky Sports Be Banned? A team of mountain climbers wanted to be the first to climb a particular mountain in the winter. Then they had to be rescued by army helicopters. Nearly a hundred sailboats ____1____ (participate) in an ocean race when a severe storm occurred. Two sailors and one rescue worker died during the rescue mission. Adventurer Richard Branson tried to fly a balloon around the world and crashed several times. Millions of dollars ____2____ (spend) to search for him and bring him home safely. We asked our readers for their opinions. Paulo: What, exactly, is a risky sport? People have died while swimming, playing soccer, or even walking, but no one says those sports are dangerous. I could get in an accident while ____3____ (drive) to my office. You can't ban all risky sports ____4____ people have different definitions of "risky”. Jackie: Yes, they should be banned! Why should these risk takers put other people's lives ____5____ danger? And why should citizens pay all that tax money for rescue operations? Public money should not be used to help ____6____ takes any risks without planning ahead for rescue. Matt: It is a personal choice to put your life at risk. We should not allow the government to put limits on your lives. If you are an adult, it should be your decision, not the government's! And if rescuers have decided to take a dangerous job, the choice was ____7____ too. The world would be very boring if people never took risks. Lisa: All people need a challenge. Some people really enjoy taking risks, and if ____8____ (not allow) to take high-risk sports, they will feel unhappy and look for risky adventures in other areas, like business or politics, or their personal life, ____9____ would cause a lot more problems in the world. Ramesh: They should be banned, and journalists should stop writing and talking about the things that these crazy people do. All this publicity gives a lot of bad ideas to teenagers and encourages them _____10_____ (try) dangerous things. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. bunch B. closeness C. confused D. disrupted E. encounters F. heavily G. recomposed H. reserved I. unconsciously J. unrecognisable K. valuable Relationship in the Digital Age People from our past whom we no longer directly communicate with but who are active on social networks can “occupy ____11____ space in your mind, and you think about them instead of about your close friends,” said Carlin Flora, the author of Friendfluence: The Surprising Ways Friends Make Us Who We are. “If my high school friend posts frequently about her life, it’s almost like it’s celebrity gossip, or it seems as if I am watching a reality show about her,” Ms. Flora said. “Our brains get ____12____ about whether we know celebrities; if we see someone a lot, our brain thinks we know them.” Ms. Schiller, the Iowa graduate, goes out often with friends at night but also lives on a digital diet of texting (____13____ enough that she recently hurt her thumb), Google Chat and social media. As with many young people, talking on the phone was never a big part of her routine and is now ____14____ for the rarest of occasions. There are physiological benefits to face-to-face ____15____, however, that doesn’t belong to digital interactions or the phone. “Your blood pressure goes down, and you imitate your friend’s gesture ____16____,” Ms. Flora said. “It’s a kind of harmony humans have developed over thousands of years, and you don’t get that when you only follow someone on social media.” But now it’s common for the synchrony (同步性) to be ____17____ in person, thanks to smartphones. Imagine Edward Hopper’s 1942 painting Nighthawks (right) ____18____ today, with the three late-night diners and counterman all gazing at screens. “If there’s a(n) ____19____ of guys at a bar together and they’re all on their phones,” Ms. Flora said, “they’re not doing much to stimulate the body system to create the sense of _____20_____.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Every technology has improved over the years except batteries! Why can’t someone invent a better battery?” These are the words we often hear from technology fans. In fact, though, the average technology fan is ___21___ two huge points about batteries. First point: The batteries you probably ___22___ most are the ones in your phone or laptop. But you could argue — and many scientists do that batteries are the keys to handling much, much bigger problems, like energy, transportation and climate change. ___23___, today electric cars represent only about 1 percent of U.S. new car sales. One reason is they cost more than gas-powered cars. Another is ___24___ anxiety — consumers’ fear they’ll run out of charge far from home. The ___25___, higher-capacity (容量) batteries now under development aim to solve both those problems. Then there’s the grid (输电网). Electric utilities (电力公司) spend their days coping with swings in energy ___26___. There’s almost no demand at night, when everyone’s asleep, and then tremendous increase at 5 p.m., when people get home from work. Utilities actually ___27___ expensive, inefficient, occasionally used backup power plants just to handle demand increase, as occurs during heat waves. Batteries connected to the grid could even out those strange swings. Maybe even more important, grid batteries could capture solar power while the sun’s shining — and wind power when it’s blowing — for use when we really ___28___it. Thus far we haven’t been able to make the sun and wind respect our lifestyle ___29___ . The other important point: Batteries have been getting better over the decades. The reason why we don’t ___30___ it is that our devices have been getting faster, more powerful and more power hungry at the same time. If you could put a ___31___ iPhone battery into a 1995 phone, it’d probably go a year on a single charge. Other great things are ___32___. Materials scientist Mike Zimmerman has succeeded in replacing the liquid electrolyte (液体电解质), which can burn easily, with a single piece of special plastic film. That is, batteries ___33___ exploding. And because it’s unblowuppable, Zimmerma can use lithium metal, which has a much higher energy density but is considered too ___34___ to us with today’s liquid-electrolyte batteries. That is: batteries with a longer life. So if you do want to complain about your batteries, get it out now. It won’t be long before they have a much better ___35___. 21. A. solving B. following C. missing D. weighing 22. A. think about B. take up C. get across D. see through 23. A. In summary B. In addition C. By contrast D. For example 24. A. range B. power C. state D. stress 25. A. stronger B. cheaper C. safer D. cleaner 26. A. price B. demand C. stock D. control 27. A. maintain B. evaluate C. abandon D. identify 28. A. emphasize B. stop C. neglect D. need 29. A. varieties B. directions C. schedules D. purposes 30. A. notice B. doubt C. support D. ignore 31. A. charged B. used C. dead D. modern 32. A. at a loss B. in the darkness C. on the way D. with a question 33. A. inconvenient for B. incapable of C. sensitive to D. different from 34. A. popular B. dangerous C. common D. economical 35. A. comparison B. opportunity C. understanding D. reputation Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Skateboarder Tom was 23 when he set off on an epic journey: to skateboard across the whole of Australia. The trip would cover more than 5,000 kilometres. He had no team backing him, no big sponsors, just his skateboard, his backpack and a lot of determination. Tom’s idea started one evening when he was watching documentaries about long-distance adventures. “I thought, why not me?” he recalls. Most cross-Australia travellers use cars or bikes. Hardly anyone attempts the journey on a skateboard. People told him he was crazy. Friends warned about extreme heat, dangerous wildlife and long empty stretches of road. Tom did some basic training. He built up his leg muscles by skateboarding for hours each day. He also read survival guides. Still, nothing could fully prepare him for what lay ahead. The first few weeks were physically exhausting. His legs ached constantly. He suffered terrible sunburn. Water was hard to find. Sometimes he would go many hours without seeing another human being. At night he slept in his tent beside the highway. There were good moments too. Strangers would stop their cars to give him food and water. He met many interesting people. The landscape changed dramatically as he travelled. But the journey was not without setbacks. At one point, his skateboard was badly cracked. He had to wait for days in a small town while a local workshop fixed it for free. “That kindness meant everything to me,” he says. After 147 days, Tom finally reached his destination. He had lost 12 kilograms but gained a new understanding of life. “I learned that you don’t need to be perfectly prepared to start something. You just need to take the first step,” he says. “And I learned that people are generally kind and willing to help.” 36. What made Tom decide to skate across Australia? A. Pressure from his friends. B. Watching adventure documentaries. C. Wish to win sponsorship. D. Desire to set a new sports record. 37. What difficulty did Tom meet on his journey? A. He had no tent for sleeping. B. He suffered from sore legs and sunburn. C. Local people refused to offer him supplies. D. Dangerous animals attacked him several times. 38. What saved Tom’s journey when his skateboard was badly cracked? A. A brand-new skateboard from a sponsor. B. Survival skills he learned from books. C. Free repair service from a local workshop. D. Help from other cross-Australia travellers. 39. What lesson did Tom learn from the journey? A. Perfect preparation guarantees success. B. Travelling alone is the best way to build confidence. C. One should dare to begin despite imperfect conditions. D. Long-distance travel requires a professional team. （B） Researcher A The young athletes interviewed seemed emotionally resilient and able to cope with the pressures of the training and performance environments. In this they appeared helped by their family environment and parental interest, with very few of them experiencing persistent tension or anxiety about the prospect of training or competing. Furthermore, the rate of self-reported psychological illness was lower among these athletes than in the general population, which must relate to the cohesion which is an obvious characteristic of athletic families. Researcher B My findings suggest that intensive training had a significant effect on the young athlete and his or her family where leisure time and friendships were concerned. These youngsters devoted a considerable amount of free time to training, but not to the extent that it affected their ability to make and maintain key relationships. Training was seen as a positive aspect of their lives rather than increasing their stress levels. Unfortunately, because of the cost of accessing sports programmes, it appeared that the positive gains were not equally open to all classes and family types. However, young athletes considered their families to be more supportive and more willing to accept change than youngsters who were not participating in sport. Researcher C Rates of emotional and behavioural problems within a population of young athletes and a group of control youngsters were compared in our survey. Over two-thirds described their daily health as above average, with few actually experiencing poor health. One could go as far as to say that young athletes have more resilience to illness and infection than those who are non-participants; it is however not known whether this is because of the social incentives and reinforcement practices of the coach or parent involved, or because intense sporting activity in fact affords a measure of protection from illness. Researcher D As we sampled our sports group, we found that very few appeared to experience poor health during the study. Most interestingly, many young athletes reported a minimal amount of anxiety during training. Those who had this reaction experienced only the mildest of symptoms, usually characterised by feelings of restlessness. Additionally, the close family environment played a role in protection against psychological illness. However, some concern was felt about athletes' siblings, who occasionally struggle to accept the success of an athlete within the family and may even on occasion feel neglected by parents. 40. What are the four researchers mainly talking about? A. The research on how to cultivate young athletes. B. The positive effects of taking up sports while young. C. The support that young athletes get from their families. D. The potential problems that young athletes may meet with. 41. The word “resilient” most probably means ________. A. hard to adjust B. not long forgotten C. not easily damaged D. certain to remember 42. Which of the following statements is true of the four researchers? A. Researcher A finds that athletic families are less harmonious than other families. B. Researcher B finds that young athletes are more open to change than non-participants. C. Researcher C finds that intense sporting activity protects young athletes from illness. D. Researcher D finds that young athletes are very likely to feel stressed. （C） Public health emergencies are a fact of life in a world as interconnected as ours. In just the past five years we have witnessed unexpected outbreaks of fatal diseases — Ebola, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika — each of which has spread far beyond its historical geographical range. No one can say what the next large-scale emergency will be, whom it will affect or when it will strike, but we do know that it is inevitable. Yet the U.S. is unprepared to meet this threat because it does not set aside money to beat back an outbreak before it can spread. The U.S. used to have a national public health emergency fund, first created in the 1980s, but its balance has since decreased to $57,000 — enough to buy a few thousand first aid kits but not much else. What we need is more on the order of several hundred million to $1 billion in new funding that is always and immediately available and is refilled whenever it becomes drained. An organization is already in place to deal with natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is pre-authorized to set aside hundreds of millions of dollars to pay for debris removal, for example, when state or local budgets become stressed by a weather emergency. Creating a similar “rainy day” fund — and providing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with permission to use it in advance, without needing to go to the Congress could save lives and money, both at home and overseas. The idea behind an emergency fund is not to displace efforts to fight infectious disease but to increase them to meet an urgent temporary need. During an outbreak, the CDC can call on many doctors and nurses to work without pay, but the costs of transportation, medical supplies and protective equipment still have to be covered. The increase in patients typically increases the need for laboratory testing — extra requirements that can be met by short-term contracts with commercial companies. 43. According to the author, what does today’s interconnectedness lead to? A. Fatal diseases spread farther than they used to. B. Better preparations are made to fight diseases. C. There are more disease outbreaks than before. D. We can predict when the next emergency will strike. 44. What does the author imply about the U.S’s national public health emergency fund? A. It was created too late. B. It has worked well before. C. It can’t meet today’s needs. D. It can’t deal with natural disease. 45. Which statement about a “rainy day” fund is the author most likely to agree with? A. The fund can save more lives at home than abroad during an emergency. B. Efforts to fight fatal diseases have been displaced due to the misuse of the fund. C. Most infectious diseases could have been prevented if the fund had been in place. D. CDC can decide how to use the fund for emergencies without further permission. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. What can be achieved with a pre-weather emergency fund. B. Why it is almost impossible to avoid future disease outbreaks. C. Why it is especially important to fight infectious diseases now. D. What can be done to minimize the danger of disease outbreaks. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Tea for Two Times the Price There is so little Turks agree on these days that even settling on the country’s national drink is hard. Secularists pick raki, a wine best had with baked fish and music. Religious conservatives, including President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, insist on a milky and non-alcoholic drink called ayran. ____47____ An average Turk gets through about 3.5kg of tea every year, or almost four glasses a day, ahead of every other country including Britain, India, China and Russia. Turkey is also the world’s sixth-biggest producer of the leaf. No one has ever entered a house or a government office in Turkey without being offered a glass. (Cups are for coffee, or for tourists.) Now change is taking place in an ancient industry. The government is offering subsidies (补贴) to tea farmers who go organic, hoping that foreigners will then pay more for Turkish tea. ____48____ At one of the company’s factories near Rize, a drab city bordered on one side by the sea and by mountains covered in green carpets of tea on the other, the manager, Koksal Kasapoglu, says the policy has already worked. Organic production at Caykur has shot up from under 100 acres a decade ago to about 10,000 today, about 5% of the total area under cultivation, he says. Some people owe the popularity of tea in Turkey largely to price. ____49____ Many Turks chose the new drink over coffee, which they had been drinking for centuries, but which had become hard to afford. ____50____ Partly because organically grown tea requires more land to produce the same amount of crop, it costs roughly twice as much as the standard kind. Taxpayers’ cash can no doubt persuade many farmers to go organic. But with the economy declining, convincing Turkish tea-drinkers to buy the stuff will be harder. A. What if Turks can afford organic tea? B. A good thing, then, that there is tea, around which all can unite. C. In the second half of the 19th century, when tea arrived in the Ottoman empire, the economy was in decline. D. Price is just as important today. E. Tea wasn’t Turks’ favourite until recently. F. The state tea company, Caykur, the country’s largest producer, will turn entirely to organic farming by 2025. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Two New York Times Ads Call Millions To Action On January 18, 1970, The New York Times ran a full-page ad announcing a day of environmental action. This day, which was first named publicly in this ad, became the very first Earth Day. “On April 22 we start to reclaim the environment we have wrecked,” the ad stated. “Earth Day is a commitment to make life better, not just bigger and faster. To provide real rather than rhetorical solutions... it is a day for looking beyond tomorrow. April 22 seeks a future worth living.” Fifty years later, almost to the date, Earth Day Network is running another full-page ad in The New York Times, this one announcing Earth Day’s 50th anniversary on April 22, 2020. The ad ran in The New York Times on Sunday, February 2, to subscribers in the United States, with digital ads running on nytimes.com through the month of February. Though today’s environmental crisis — climate change — differs from the destructive pollution problem that spurred the first Earth Day, its root cause remains the same: humans. “A disease has infected our country,” begins the 1970 ad. “It has brought smog to Yosemite, dumped garbage in the Hudson, sprayed DDT in our food, and left our cities in decay. Its carrier is man.” To fight today’s manmade crisis, we once again need people taking to the streets. Like the first ad, the February 2020 ad is a call to action for our planet. If the first Earth Day helped launch the modern environmental movement, the 50th Earth Day must launch a new era of environmentalism and mark a moment when inaction turns to action. “For the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, we need everyone participating,” said Kathleen Rogers, president of Earth Day Network. “In 1970, Earth Day mobilized 20 million Americans. Today, Earth Day is global, and every nation on Earth is participating.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家健身中心被誉为这个社区的加分项。(see) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 很难想象这家声名远播的饭店竟然坐落在深山里。(locate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 从首都直接乘飞机到海滩的游客一定会错过这个山谷的美丽景色。(sure) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 这些学生首次注意到其他人在面对面交流过程中拿出手机这个动作有多频繁。(note) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校将于下个月举办一次慈善义卖，计划招募部分学生作为志愿者参与本次义卖的组织工作。作为学校宣传部的成员，你需要为志愿者招募写一份说明，内容须包括： 1）对这次义卖的简单介绍（如主题、时间、目的等）； 2）计划招募多少名志愿者以及他们的责任。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $