精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语学科5月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试题

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科5月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Exploring Beyond Following the call of our restless genes has not ended well for all explorers. The British explorer Captain James Cook died in a fight with Hawaiians ten years after he received the precious map from Tupaia. His death, some say, brought to a close ____1____Western historians call the Age of Exploration. Yet it hardly____2____（end）our exploring. We have remained enthusiastic about filling in the Earth's maps; reaching its farthest poles, highest peaks, and deepest trenches（海豹）; sailing to its every corner and then flying off the planet entirely. With the NASA Rover Curiosity now____3____（stir）us all as it explores Mars, some countries and private companies are preparing to send humans to the red planet as well. Some visionaries even talk of having a spacecraft____4____（send）to the nearest star. NASA's Michael Barratt—a doctor, diver, and jet pilot; a sailor for 40 years; an astronaut for 12—is among those____5____ache to go to Mars. Barratt consciously sees himself as an explorer Cook and Tupaia. "We're doing what ____6____did," he says. "It works this way at every point in human history. A society develops an enabling technology, ____7____it's the ability to preserve and carry food or build a ship or launch a rocket." Not all of us____8____ride a rocket or sail the infinite sea. Yet, ____9____a species, we're curious enough and interested enough by the prospect to help pay for the trip and cheer at the voyagers return. Yes, we hope to find a better place to live or acquire a larger territory or make a fortune. But we also explore simply_____10_____（discover）what's there. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adapt B. assume C. awareness D. constant E. disappointment F. flexible G. ignore H. interact I. positive J. realistic K. resemble Digital Friendship Nowadays, people spend huge amounts of time interacting online. Many teenagers form close friendships on social media platforms. Yet experts warn us not to ____11____ that online friendships fully ____12____ real-world relationships. Online friends mainly ____13____ behind screens. Without face-to-face contact, people tend to present edited versions of themselves. You may only see their ____14____ sides, while their weaknesses and ____15____ are hidden. Therefore, it is necessary to raise public ____16____ of the limits of digital friendship. Real friendship requires ____17____ communication and mutual understanding. It demands the ability to ____18____ to each other’s shortcomings. Online relationships can be ____19____, but they cannot replace in-person connection. It is unwise to completely _____20_____ real-life friends for online contacts. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It has long been believed that there is a link between money and happiness. Many people dream of the life they could lead if they won the lottery a world of mansions, fine restaurants, and first-class travel. But few consider the ____21____. These fineries could lead to so much ____22____ that we would no longer be able to appreciate life’s simpler pleasures. Jordi Quoidbach from the University of Liège showed that richer people aren’t as good at appreciating ____23____ pleasures as poorer people. Even the mere thought of money can make us take joys for granted. Normal people who were reminded about wealth spent less time appreciating a bar of chocolate and obtained less enjoyment from it. Quoidbach’s study helps to make sense of a trend in psychological research, where money has an unbelievably ____24____ effect on happiness. Once people have enough to buy basic needs and ____25____ poverty, having extra cash has little bearing on their enjoyment of life. Perhaps this is because money both gives and takes away: it opens doors to new pleasures, while making delights that were already ____26____ seem less appealing. To begin with, Quoidbach asked 351 university employees to complete a test that measured their ability to feel ____27____ emotions. Each was asked to put themselves in a detailed pleasant scenario (场景), from finishing an important task to discovering an amazing waterfall on a hike. Afterwards, they were quizzed in detail about how they would react to the scenarios, to see how strongly they enjoyed the ____28____. Using other questionnaires, Quoidbach also assessed how happy they were, how much money it would take to live their dream life. And half of the questionnaires included a picture of a large pile of euros, while the other half saw the same picture but it was beyond ____29____. He found that the more money the participants had, the worse they were at appreciating their positive emotions. Quoidbach found that a person’s ability to appreciate was ____30____ to their desire for money. Instead, even suggesting the thought of money, by showing them the euro picture, had the same negative effect, dampening their reactions to the happy ____31____. These studies are part of a growing body of research showing that the link between money and happiness is more ____32____ than we might think. Elizabeth Dunn, who worked with Quoidbach, has previously shown that money can buy happiness if it’s spent on others. ____33____, having money reduces the odds that people will actually spend it in this way! Dunn has also found that money is better used to buy happiness if it’s spent on experiences rather than goods. In both experiments, a simple ____34____ of wealth weakened people’s ability to appreciate life’s smaller pleasures. That’s a striking result and Quoidbach explains it best himself. “Simply knowing that these peak experiences are readily available may ____35____ one’s tendency to take the small pleasures of daily life for granted.” 21. A. results B. costs C. examples D. facts 22. A. enjoyment B. gratitude C. possibility D. communication 23. A. mental B. various C. urban D. everyday 24. A. instant B. weak C. lasting D. suitable 25. A. rise out of B. get stuck in C. make sense of D. keep pace with 26. A. accidental B. exhaustive C. accessible D. principal 27. A. sudden B. strong C. positive D. conflicted 28. A. experiences B. emotions C. details D. discoveries 29. A. belief B. recognition C. accounting D. control 30. A. unrelated B. contrary C. devoted D. essential 31. A. features B. endings C. effects D. imaginings 32. A. negative B. settled C. progressive D. complicated 33. A. Additionally B. However C. Consequently D. Meanwhile 34. A. pursuit B. source C. reminder D. display 35. A. reveal B. discourage C. increase D. address Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) If you walk into W. Lloyd Jerome’s dental surgery in the centre of Glasgow, you’ll see bright modern paintings on the wall and a fashionable blue couch which patients sit on while he checks their teeth. Jerome says, “Fifty per cent of the population only go to the dentist when they’re in pain rather than attending for regular check-ups. That’s because they’re frightened.” To counteract this, he has tried to create an environmental where people are not afraid. “That’s why I took the decision not to wear a white coat. I find that’s one of the things that people associate with pain. In fact, my philosophy is that dental treatment should take place in an atmosphere of relaxation, interest and above all enjoyment.” Which is all highly shocking for anyone (most of us in fact) who has learned to associate dental treatment with pain, or at the very least, with formal, clinical visits. Jerome says, “If people are relaxed, entertained and correctly treated, they will forget such previous negative experiences.” Virtual-reality headsets are one of his new relaxation techniques. “We were the first practice in Britain to introduce them and they’re proving very popular. The headsets are used for the initial check-up, where the patient sits comfortably on the blue couch and watches a film about underwater wildlife while I look at their teeth. Then the headset switches to a special camera, to give the patient a visual tour around their mouth.” Surprisingly, most patients seem to enjoy this part of their visit to the dentist. Although he is known as Glasgow’s most fashionable dentist, Jerome is keen to point out that the takes his work very seriously. “The relaxation techniques are important but the quality of the treatment is of course the most important thing.” For example, Jerome uses a special instrument which sprays warm water on the teeth to clean them, rather than scraping them. “It feels a bit strange at first, but as long as people are relaxed, it’s not painful at all.” Five years ago, Jerome went to the United States to do research into dental techniques. “One of the things I found out there was that when you make it easier for the patient you make it easier for yourself,” he explains. He sees his patient-centred attitude as the start of a gradual movement towards less formality in the conservative British dentistry profession. 36. W. Lloyd Jerome doesn’t wear a white coat at work because ______. A. it is not fashionable enough B. it reminds patients of pain C. it makes him look serious D. it does not wash easily 37. Which example does Jerome give to illustrate that the treatment quality matters most? A. The virtual-reality headsets. B. The environment of his clinic. C. The visual tour of patients’ own mouth. D. The special equipment that sprays warm water. 38. By “when you make it easier for the patient you make it easier for yourself” (in the last paragraph), Jerome means______. A. British dentistry profession is not formal enough B. dentists should put themselves before patients C. being patient-centred is a win-win approach D. dental techniques are not that important 39. It can be concluded from the passage that Jerome hopes ______. A. patients can enjoy their visits to the dentists’ B. Britain can compare with the U. S. in dentistry C. people will realize the importance of dental care D. people will have regular dental check-ups for relaxation (B) Baseball equipment has changed dramatically since the early days of the game. Protective equipment that barely existed in the early days of the game has become quite elaborate. The tools of the trade like the bat and glove have become easier to use. Uniforms are lighter and easier to play in than they were years ago. Baseball Bats The bat has undergone many changes since the start of the 20th century. In baseball’s early days, hitters were likely to use large and heavy bats when they came to the plate. Babe Ruth used the heaviest bat in the history of the game — a 54-ounce one. However, many players used bats that were 40 oz. or more to make hard contact. In the modern game, it is unusual for players to use bats that weigh more than 36 oz. Players want lighter bats because they make more bat-head speed. While professional players still use wood bats, most youth, high school and college players use bats made out of aluminum or aluminum alloy (铝或铝合金). Metal bats have been used widely since the 1980s. Protective Equipment The batting helmet did not become a required piece of equipment until it was grandfathered into the major leagues starting with the 1956 season. Players who had been playing before the helmet was required could continue to play without one, but those who started in 1956 and beyond had to wear a helmet. Helmets had been used at the players’ option since the 1941 season when the Dodgers first introduced them. Outsiders had called on baseball to adopt helmets ever since the 1920 season, when Ray Chapman was hit in the head by a fastball thrown by Carl Mays and died. Modern helmets are made of hard plastic and they protect the side of the face with ear flaps that hang down to cheek level. Catcher’s Equipment When the game was in its infancy in the 19th century, catchers were completely at risk. They wore no protective equipment, but that quickly changed when catcher’s masks were added. By the start of the 20th century, shin guards and then chest protectors were worn by catchers. All those pieces of equipment are still used, but they have gone through many changes through the years. Modern baseball allows catchers to use hockey-style goalie masks that protect the entire head and still give the catcher a clear view of the game. Modern gloves are streamlined and specialized for positions. Infielders’ gloves are small and easy to use. Outfielders’ gloves have long fingers and help the fielder hold on to a fly ball. In the late 19th century and the early part of the 20th century, baseball gloves were short and thick and difficult to open and close. They were more for protection of the hand than to help players execute fielding plays. 40. What is the passage mainly about? A. The usefulness of some baseball equipment. B. The evolution of some baseball equipment. C. The brief history of baseball. D. The tools used in baseball. 41. _________ are now intended to both protect players and improve their performance. A. Bats and helmets B. Helmets and masks C. Masks and gloves D. Gloves and bats 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Professional players started to use metal bats in the 1980s. B. Players have been required to wear helmets since the 1941 season. C. Catchers had nothing to protect them during the early days of baseball. D. Players wear the same style of gloves during the game for the sake of fairness. (C) Company analysts, once among the most promising professionals in the stockmarket, are being culled. New European rules, with the catchy name of MiFID2, have just dealt analysts another blow. A study by Greenwich Associates estimates that the budget for the research they perform may drop by 20% this year. In their best days in the late 1980s and early 1990s, analysts could make or break corporate reputations. A “buy” or “sell” recommendation from the leading two or three analysts in an industry could move a share price substantially. Fund managers, and many financial journalists, relied on analysts to spot those companies that were rising, and those where the accounts revealed signs of trouble. And the best analysts were very well paid. But that golden age was built on certain foundations. Analysts were well paid because they worked for the big investment banks. But those big banks made money not just by helping investors to trade but also by advising companies on new issues. In such circumstances, there was a bargain that analysts would be positive about a company’s prospects. If they were not, the chief executive might take his business elsewhere. Over time, there were far more “buy” recommendations than “sell” suggestions. This looked less like analysis than marketing. A second problem came in the 2000s as regulators cracked down on the way that companies released news to the market. Information could no longer be selectively released to favoured analysts. Meanwhile, those “Sherlock-like” analysts who liked to spot trends through independent company visits faced difficulties. Everything came to depend on the profits guidance issued by companies for the next quarter or year. And analysts dared not let their forecasts be too far from what the companies suggested. The result was that finance had created a poorly functioning market-one that was oversupplied with analysts who mostly offered the same product. Why, then, did it survive at all? The traditional way that investors rewarded banks for good research was not to pay for it directly, but to convey securities (有价证券) trades their way. This system created two conflict-of-interest questions. Were fund managers trading more than they needed to just to pay for their research? And were they getting the best terms available when they did that trade? In both cases, the client (客户), not the fund manager, was in effect paying for the service. Under the new MiFID rules, banks will not be allowed to combine research with other products. Fund managers will have to pay for it separately. As a result, they are expected to be much more selective. This recalls Dr Johnson’s response when Boswell asked whether the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland was worth seeing. The great man replied: ”Worth seeing, yes; but not worth going to see. “The suspicion is that, for many fund managers, the work of analysis is “worth having, but not worth paying to have.” 43. The word “culled” (in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to . A. dismissed B. promoted C. investigated D. required 44. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer thinks company analysts’ analysis should have been more . A. positive B. neutral C. understandable D. abstract 45. What problem did company analysts meet with in the 2000s? A. Companies provide them with incomplete news. B. They lost their exclusive access to certain information. C. Companies’ profits guidance were unavailable to them. D. They found themselves in a poorly functioning market. 46. Which of the following is a possible consequence of the new MiFID rules? A. Fewer clients will be willing to pay to see the analysis results. B. Analysts’ research will have to be combined with certain products. C. Company analysts will have to pay for their research by themselves. D. Fund managers will be cautious while choosing what analysis to do. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Sotheby’s There is little doubt that Sotheby’s is the oldest and most famous auction (拍卖) house in the world. It has been going for more than two and a half centuries and has sold many of the most famous and valuable treasures and works of art ever created. Many would argue that the international art market as it exists today was created by Sotheby’s. ____47____ However, it is a relatively new phenomenon. It all began back in 1744 when a book dealer called Samuel Baker opened a small bookstore in the Strand in London. After his death in 1778 the business was taken over by his nephew, John Sotheby. Sotheby had a great rival, James Christie, who started the Christie’s auction house in 1776. ____48____ In 1793 he auctioned Talleyrand’s library and in 1823 he auctioned Napoleon’s collection of books. Sotheby’s business grew throughout the 19th century but it was only in the middle of the 20th century that Sotheby’s began to make a huge impact internationally. In 1958 its chairman, Peter Wilson, organised the first ever public auction of impressionist masterpieces by Cezanne, Renoir and Van Gogh. ____49____ Wilson turned the whole auction into a fashionable event. He sent invitations to film stars and politicians and held the auction in the evening. Journalists from the leading papers were invited and everyone was asked to wear black tie or evening dress. Not surprisingly, the auction got a huge amount of publicity and the prices set new records. With its growing reputation in London Sotheby’s decided to expand into the American market and bought the New York auction house Parke-Bernet. ____50____ In 1971 they even tried to raise money by launching a Sotheby’s brand of cigarette. Eventually, in 1983 Sotheby’s was bought by American businessman, Alfred Taubman. Based in Detroit, Taubman transformed Sotheby’s into a wholly American company. It was certainly a long way from the little bookshop in the Strand. A. Before that time extremely valuable works such as these were sold privately or through dealers. B. But things began to go wrong during the oil crisis and the recession of the 1970s and the company started to get into financial difficulties. C. So how on earth did it all come about? D. The idea of enormously valuable works of art being sold at public auction is something we take for granted. E. It occurred to him that he might find a new way to sell and buy things. F. Buying and selling things at auction was made fashionable by James Christie but John Sotheby was quick to follow his lead. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The Useful Bean Do you know what the common factor in bee food, vinyl plastic, and tofu is? It is the soybean. Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edible（可以食用的）and nonedible products. The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. It can grow in low-quality soil. Throughout the life of the plant, a release of nutrients throughout plant roots makes soil more fertile. Soybeans are also very high in protein. With its hardiness, soil benefits, high-protein content, and various uses, some people believe the soybean will become the greatest weapon against world hunger. There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. Oil is used for edible purposes such as cooking oil and salad dressing. Industries make nonedible use of soybean oil by adding to antistatic sprays, printer ink, and shampoo. One significant nonedible use of soybean oil is the making of vinyl plastics. Vinyl is used to make everything from credit cards and garden hoses to computer parts. Protein from the soybean is also used in edible and nonedible products. Edible uses for the protein include baby foods and hypoallergenic milk. Even animals benefit: bee food and fish food contain protein from the soybean. Some industries use the protein for nonedible purposes such as cosmetics, adhesives, yarn, and water-based paints. Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant. Whole soybeans are used to make food for people and animals. Grocery stores carry a variety of foods made with whole soybeans. Some of these items are pancake flour, coffee, soymilk, soy sauce and tofu. As the versatility（多用途）and hardiness of this bean gains popularity, more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 闲聊有助于打破陌生人之间的僵局。（break the ice）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 正是那些不经意的善意，构建起人与人之间宝贵的纽带。(It is...that...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 不要轻易假设线上友谊能够完全取代现实交往。（assume） (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 虽然善意的小谎言可以保护他人的情感，但我们必须分清何时应当坚持实话实说。(while) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，学校英语报正在征集主题为 The Value of Small Pleasures 的稿件，请你投稿，内容包括： 简述你对生活中小确幸的理解; 结合自身经历说明小确幸的价值。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科5月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Exploring Beyond Following the call of our restless genes has not ended well for all explorers. The British explorer Captain James Cook died in a fight with Hawaiians ten years after he received the precious map from Tupaia. His death, some say, brought to a close ____1____Western historians call the Age of Exploration. Yet it hardly____2____（end）our exploring. We have remained enthusiastic about filling in the Earth's maps; reaching its farthest poles, highest peaks, and deepest trenches（海豹）; sailing to its every corner and then flying off the planet entirely. With the NASA Rover Curiosity now____3____（stir）us all as it explores Mars, some countries and private companies are preparing to send humans to the red planet as well. Some visionaries even talk of having a spacecraft____4____（send）to the nearest star. NASA's Michael Barratt—a doctor, diver, and jet pilot; a sailor for 40 years; an astronaut for 12—is among those____5____ache to go to Mars. Barratt consciously sees himself as an explorer Cook and Tupaia. "We're doing what ____6____did," he says. "It works this way at every point in human history. A society develops an enabling technology, ____7____it's the ability to preserve and carry food or build a ship or launch a rocket." Not all of us____8____ride a rocket or sail the infinite sea. Yet, ____9____a species, we're curious enough and interested enough by the prospect to help pay for the trip and cheer at the voyagers return. Yes, we hope to find a better place to live or acquire a larger territory or make a fortune. But we also explore simply_____10_____（discover）what's there. 【答案】1. which/that 2. ended 3. stirring 4. sent 5. who 6. they 7. whether 8. can 9. as 10. to discover 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描写了对所有的探险家来说，跟随我们不安分的基因的召唤并没有好的结局。但是，由于对前景充满好奇和兴趣，人们仍然停不下对未知的探索。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：有人说，他的死结束了西方历史学家所说的探索时代。分析句子可知，　　　　　　　　　Western historians call the Age of Exploration. 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a close，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，用that或which引导该从句。故填which/that。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而它没有结束我们的探索。根据上一句中的“brought(带来)可知，句子应使用一般过去时，谓语动词end应使用动词过去式。故填ended。 【3题详解】 考查动名词。句意：随着美国宇航局火星探测器“好奇号”在探索火星时激起了我们所有人的兴趣，一些国家和私人公司也准备将人类送上这颗红色星球。分析句子可知，此处是with复合结构，空处应使用非谓语动词，且由于所修饰词the NASA Rover Curiosity与stir为逻辑上的主谓关系，用动词的现在分词。故填 stirring。 【4题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：一些有远见的人甚至说要把宇宙飞船送到最近的恒星上去。分析句子可知，空处应使用非谓语动词，由于spacecraft与send为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词的过去分词作宾补，表被动意义，构成have sth. done结构。故填sent。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：美国国家航空航天局的Michael Barratt是一名医生、潜水员和喷气式飞机驾驶员；一名40年的水手；一名12年的宇航员，也是那些渴望去火星的人之一。分析句子可知，空处应是用关系代词who，引导定语从句，指代先行词those（人），并在从句中作主语，当先行词是指人的those时，只能用who,不能用that。故填who。 【6题详解】 考查代词。句意：他说：“我们正在做的是他们曾经做的。”分析句子可知，此处应使用they指代上一句中的“those who ache to go to Mars”。故填 they。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：一个社会发展了一种使能技术，不管它是保存和运送食物的能力，还是建造一艘飞船或发射火箭的能力。结合后面的or可知，空处应填whether。“whether…or…”为固定搭配，意为“无论......还是......”。故填 whether。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：并不是所有人都能乘坐火箭或航行在无限的海洋。分析句子可知，此处应使用情态动词can表示“能够”之意，结合文章整体时态为一般现在时，故填can。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，作为一个物种，我们对未来的前景充满了好奇和兴趣，可以帮助支付旅行费用，为旅行者的归来欢呼。结合句意并根据后面的a species可知，此处应使用as，表达“作为”这一含义。故填as。 【10题详解】 考查不定式。句意：但我们也只是探索，以发现那里有什么。分析句子可知，空处应使用不定式作目的状语。故填 to discover。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adapt B. assume C. awareness D. constant E. disappointment F. flexible G. ignore H. interact I. positive J. realistic K. resemble Digital Friendship Nowadays, people spend huge amounts of time interacting online. Many teenagers form close friendships on social media platforms. Yet experts warn us not to ____11____ that online friendships fully ____12____ real-world relationships. Online friends mainly ____13____ behind screens. Without face-to-face contact, people tend to present edited versions of themselves. You may only see their ____14____ sides, while their weaknesses and ____15____ are hidden. Therefore, it is necessary to raise public ____16____ of the limits of digital friendship. Real friendship requires ____17____ communication and mutual understanding. It demands the ability to ____18____ to each other’s shortcomings. Online relationships can be ____19____, but they cannot replace in-person connection. It is unwise to completely _____20_____ real-life friends for online contacts. 【答案】11. B 12. K 13. H 14. I 15. E 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. F 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要探讨了专家提醒，不要以为网聊友谊和现实友情十分相似。网络交友只展现美好一面，我们要认识其局限，不能忽视现实中的朋友。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，专家提醒我们，不要认为网络上的友谊与现实中的关系完全相似。warn sb not to do警告某人不要做某事；根据“online friendships fully ____world relationships”可知，不要认为网络上的友谊与现实中的关系完全相似，assume 表示“假定、想当然”，符合语境。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，专家提醒我们，不要认为网络上的友谊与现实中的关系完全相似。从句中缺少谓语动词，根据“Without face-to-face contact, people tend to present edited versions of themselves.”可知，不要认为网络上的友谊与现实中的关系完全相似。resemble是及物动词，意为“与… 相似、类似于”，贴合语义。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：网上的朋友主要在屏幕后互动，由于缺乏面对面接触，人们往往只展示自己经过修饰的一面。句中缺少谓语动词，根据“behind screens.”可知，网上的朋友主要在屏幕后互动。interact 表示“互动、交流”，符合语境。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你可能只看到他们积极的一面，而他们的缺点和失望则被隐藏起来。此处为形容词修饰名词sides；while表转折，后文提到weaknesses（缺点），前文对应“积极的一面”。positive sides是常用搭配，作定语。符合语境。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：你可能只看到他们积极的一面，而他们的缺点和失望则被隐藏起来。此处与weaknesses并列，同为负面名词，disappointment 符合“被隐藏的负面特质”作主语。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：因此，有必要提高公众对数字友谊的局限性的认识。此处为名词作宾语成分，awareness“意识”为名词，构成固定搭配：raise public awareness of…意为“提高公众对……的意识”，符合语境。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：真正的友谊需要不断的沟通和相互理解。此处为形容词修饰 communication；根据“communication and mutual understanding.”可知，真正的友谊需要不断的沟通和相互理解。constant 表示“持续的、不间断的”，符合友谊的特质。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：它要求有能力适应彼此的缺点。根据“each other’s shortcomings.”可知，它要求有能力适应彼此的缺点。此处为固定搭配：adapt to 意为“适应”，to后接动词原形。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：网络关系可以很灵活，但它们无法取代面对面的联系。此处为形容词作表语，与后文构成转折，flexible“灵活的”对应线上交流不受时空限制的特点，符合语境。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了线上交往完全忽视现实生活中的朋友是不明智的。不定式结构中用动词原形；根据“for online contacts.”可知，为了线上交往完全忽视现实生活中的朋友是不明智的。ignore 表示“忽视、忽略”，符合语境。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It has long been believed that there is a link between money and happiness. Many people dream of the life they could lead if they won the lottery a world of mansions, fine restaurants, and first-class travel. But few consider the ____21____. These fineries could lead to so much ____22____ that we would no longer be able to appreciate life’s simpler pleasures. Jordi Quoidbach from the University of Liège showed that richer people aren’t as good at appreciating ____23____ pleasures as poorer people. Even the mere thought of money can make us take joys for granted. Normal people who were reminded about wealth spent less time appreciating a bar of chocolate and obtained less enjoyment from it. Quoidbach’s study helps to make sense of a trend in psychological research, where money has an unbelievably ____24____ effect on happiness. Once people have enough to buy basic needs and ____25____ poverty, having extra cash has little bearing on their enjoyment of life. Perhaps this is because money both gives and takes away: it opens doors to new pleasures, while making delights that were already ____26____ seem less appealing. To begin with, Quoidbach asked 351 university employees to complete a test that measured their ability to feel ____27____ emotions. Each was asked to put themselves in a detailed pleasant scenario (场景), from finishing an important task to discovering an amazing waterfall on a hike. Afterwards, they were quizzed in detail about how they would react to the scenarios, to see how strongly they enjoyed the ____28____. Using other questionnaires, Quoidbach also assessed how happy they were, how much money it would take to live their dream life. And half of the questionnaires included a picture of a large pile of euros, while the other half saw the same picture but it was beyond ____29____. He found that the more money the participants had, the worse they were at appreciating their positive emotions. Quoidbach found that a person’s ability to appreciate was ____30____ to their desire for money. Instead, even suggesting the thought of money, by showing them the euro picture, had the same negative effect, dampening their reactions to the happy ____31____. These studies are part of a growing body of research showing that the link between money and happiness is more ____32____ than we might think. Elizabeth Dunn, who worked with Quoidbach, has previously shown that money can buy happiness if it’s spent on others. ____33____, having money reduces the odds that people will actually spend it in this way! Dunn has also found that money is better used to buy happiness if it’s spent on experiences rather than goods. In both experiments, a simple ____34____ of wealth weakened people’s ability to appreciate life’s smaller pleasures. That’s a striking result and Quoidbach explains it best himself. “Simply knowing that these peak experiences are readily available may ____35____ one’s tendency to take the small pleasures of daily life for granted.” 21. A. results B. costs C. examples D. facts 22. A. enjoyment B. gratitude C. possibility D. communication 23. A. mental B. various C. urban D. everyday 24. A. instant B. weak C. lasting D. suitable 25. A. rise out of B. get stuck in C. make sense of D. keep pace with 26. A. accidental B. exhaustive C. accessible D. principal 27. A. sudden B. strong C. positive D. conflicted 28. A. experiences B. emotions C. details D. discoveries 29. A. belief B. recognition C. accounting D. control 30. A. unrelated B. contrary C. devoted D. essential 31. A. features B. endings C. effects D. imaginings 32. A. negative B. settled C. progressive D. complicated 33. A. Additionally B. However C. Consequently D. Meanwhile 34. A. pursuit B. source C. reminder D. display 35. A. reveal B. discourage C. increase D. address 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要探讨了金钱和幸福的关系，金钱提示会降低人们感受日常小美好的能力；把钱花在他人或体验上更易收获幸福。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是很少有人考虑其中的代价。A. results结果；B. costs代价；C. examples例子；D. facts事实。根据后文“These fineries could lead to so much 　　　 that we would no longer be able to appreciate life’s simpler pleasures”可知，奢华生活带来不好的一面，也就是代价。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些奢华事物会带来过多的愉悦感，以至于我们再也无法欣赏生活中简单的快乐。A. enjoyment享受；B. gratitude感激；C. possibility可能性；D. communication交流。根据后文“we would no longer be able to appreciate life’s simpler pleasures”描述富人难以体会简单乐趣可知，过多的享受会削弱感知简单美好的能力。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：列日大学的约尔迪・奎德巴赫发现，富人不像穷人那样善于欣赏日常的快乐。A. mental精神的；B. various各种各样的；C. urban城市的；D. everyday日常的。根据前文“appreciate life’s simpler pleasures”以及语境可知，此处指日常简单的乐趣。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：奎德巴赫的研究有助于解释心理学研究中的一个趋势：金钱对幸福感的影响微弱得令人难以置信。A. instant立刻的；B. weak微弱的；C. lasting持久的；D. suitable合适的。根据后文“having extra cash has little bearing on their enjoyment of life”可知，额外的钱对生活愉悦感几乎没有影响，也就是影响很微弱。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：一旦人们拥有足够的钱满足基本需求、摆脱贫困，额外的现金对他们的生活乐趣几乎没有影响。A. rise out of摆脱；B. get stuck in陷入；C. make sense of理解；D. keep pace with跟上。根据前文“people have enough to buy basic needs”以及语境可知，此处指满足基本需求、脱离贫困之后，金钱作用变小。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：或许这是因为金钱有得也有失：它为新的快乐打开大门，同时让那些原本唾手可得的快乐显得不那么吸引人。A. accidental意外的；B. exhaustive详尽的；C. accessible可获得的；D. principal主要的。根据前文第一段“life’s simpler pleasures”以及语境可知，此处指简单易得的日常快乐。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：首先，奎德巴赫让351名高校员工完成一项测试，这项测试衡量他们感受积极情绪的能力。A. sudden突然的；B. strong强烈的；C. positive积极的；D. conflicted矛盾的。根据后文“put themselves in a detailed pleasant scenario”可知，场景都是令人愉悦的，对应积极情绪。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：之后研究人员详细询问他们对这些场景会作何反应，以此观察他们享受这些体验的强烈程度。A. experiences体验；B. emotions情绪；C. details细节；D. discoveries发现。根据前文“put themselves in a detailed pleasant scenario”以及语境可知，这些场景属于体验。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：一半问卷配有一大堆欧元的图片，另一半问卷上是同样的图片，但图片模糊无法辨认。A. belief相信；B. recognition识别；C. accounting核算；D. control控制。根据前文“included a picture of a large pile of euros”以及语境可知，本实验设置对照，一组清晰钱币图，一组无法辨认。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：奎德巴赫发现，一个人欣赏美好的能力和他们对金钱的渴望无关。A. unrelated无关的；B. contrary相反的；C. devoted投入的；D. essential必要的。根据后文“even suggesting the thought of money, by showing them the euro picture, had the same negative effect”可知，是金钱这个念头本身起作用，和对金钱的渴望无关。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：相反，仅仅是唤起金钱的想法，也就是向他们展示欧元图片，就会产生同样的负面影响，减弱他们对这些美好想象场景的反应。A. features特征；B. endings结局；C. effects效果；D. imaginings想象。根据前文“put themselves in a detailed pleasant scenario”以及语境可知，此处指这些场景是受试者想象出来的。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：越来越多这类研究表明，金钱和幸福之间的联系比我们想象的更加复杂。A. negative消极的；B. settled确定的；C. progressive渐进的；D. complicated复杂的。根据第一段“richer people aren’t as good at appreciating 　　　 pleasures as poorer people”以及以及下一段“money can buy happiness”可知，金钱既能带来快乐又会削弱简单乐趣，所以二者关系很复杂。 【33题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，有钱会降低人们以这种方式花钱的可能性！A. Additionally此外；B. However然而；C. Consequently因此；D. Meanwhile同时。前文“money can buy happiness if it’s spent on others”说钱花在别人身上可以买到幸福，本句说有钱人很少这么做，存在转折关系，However贴合语境。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这两组实验里，仅仅一个关于财富的提示，就削弱了人们欣赏生活中小快乐的能力。A. pursuit追求；B. source来源；C. reminder提示；D. display展示。根据前一段“Instead, even suggesting the thought of money, by showing them the euro picture, had the same negative effect”描述展示欧元图片来唤起人们对金钱的思考可知，欧元图片是财富的提示。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：仅仅知道这些极致的美好体验唾手可得，就可能增加人们把日常微小快乐视作理所当然的倾向。A. reveal揭示；B. discourage阻止；C. increase增加；D. address处理。根据后文“one’s tendency to take the small pleasures of daily life for granted”以及语境可知，想到金钱会让人忽视小快乐，也就是助长这种理所当然的心态，increase贴合语境。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) If you walk into W. Lloyd Jerome’s dental surgery in the centre of Glasgow, you’ll see bright modern paintings on the wall and a fashionable blue couch which patients sit on while he checks their teeth. Jerome says, “Fifty per cent of the population only go to the dentist when they’re in pain rather than attending for regular check-ups. That’s because they’re frightened.” To counteract this, he has tried to create an environmental where people are not afraid. “That’s why I took the decision not to wear a white coat. I find that’s one of the things that people associate with pain. In fact, my philosophy is that dental treatment should take place in an atmosphere of relaxation, interest and above all enjoyment.” Which is all highly shocking for anyone (most of us in fact) who has learned to associate dental treatment with pain, or at the very least, with formal, clinical visits. Jerome says, “If people are relaxed, entertained and correctly treated, they will forget such previous negative experiences.” Virtual-reality headsets are one of his new relaxation techniques. “We were the first practice in Britain to introduce them and they’re proving very popular. The headsets are used for the initial check-up, where the patient sits comfortably on the blue couch and watches a film about underwater wildlife while I look at their teeth. Then the headset switches to a special camera, to give the patient a visual tour around their mouth.” Surprisingly, most patients seem to enjoy this part of their visit to the dentist. Although he is known as Glasgow’s most fashionable dentist, Jerome is keen to point out that the takes his work very seriously. “The relaxation techniques are important but the quality of the treatment is of course the most important thing.” For example, Jerome uses a special instrument which sprays warm water on the teeth to clean them, rather than scraping them. “It feels a bit strange at first, but as long as people are relaxed, it’s not painful at all.” Five years ago, Jerome went to the United States to do research into dental techniques. “One of the things I found out there was that when you make it easier for the patient you make it easier for yourself,” he explains. He sees his patient-centred attitude as the start of a gradual movement towards less formality in the conservative British dentistry profession. 36. W. Lloyd Jerome doesn’t wear a white coat at work because ______. A. it is not fashionable enough B. it reminds patients of pain C. it makes him look serious D. it does not wash easily 37. Which example does Jerome give to illustrate that the treatment quality matters most? A. The virtual-reality headsets. B. The environment of his clinic. C. The visual tour of patients’ own mouth. D. The special equipment that sprays warm water. 38. By “when you make it easier for the patient you make it easier for yourself” (in the last paragraph), Jerome means______. A. British dentistry profession is not formal enough B. dentists should put themselves before patients C. being patient-centred is a win-win approach D. dental techniques are not that important 39. It can be concluded from the passage that Jerome hopes ______. A. patients can enjoy their visits to the dentists’ B. Britain can compare with the U. S. in dentistry C. people will realize the importance of dental care D. people will have regular dental check-ups for relaxation 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【分析】本文属于记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国著名的牙医W．Lloyd Jerome努力给患者创造一个轻松的环境——让患者坐在蓝色的沙发上，观看鲜艳的画以及海底电影等，来减轻他们的疼痛，W．Lloyd Jerome医生也因此备受欢迎、名声大振。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“That’s why I took the decision not to wear a white coat. I find that’s one of the things that people associate with pain.（所以我决定不穿白大褂。 我发现这是人们与疼痛联系在一起的原因之一）”，可知，W.劳埃德·杰罗姆上班时不穿白大褂，因为白大褂会让病人想起疼痛。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“For example, Jerome uses a special instrument which sprays warm water on the teeth to clean them, rather than scraping them.（例如，杰罗姆使用一种特殊的工具，将温水喷在牙齿上清洁牙齿，而不是刮擦牙齿）”，可知，杰罗姆举了“喷温水的特殊设备”的例子来说明治疗质量最重要。故选D。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据前文可知Jerome希望病人能不害怕看牙医，能够享受看牙医的过程，再结合最后一段中“He sees his patient-centred attitude as the start of a gradual movement towards less formality in the conservative British dentistry profession. (他认为他以病人为中心的态度是保守的英国牙科行业逐渐走向非正式的开始)”和Jerome所以说“when you make it easier for the patient you make it easier for yourself, (当你让病人更容易的时候你也会让自己更容易)”可推知，Jerome的意思是，以病人为中心是一个双赢的方法。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fifty per cent of the population only go to the dentist when they’re in pain rather than attending for regular check-ups. That’s because they’re frightened.（50%的人只在疼痛时才去看牙医，而不去做常规检查。 那是因为他们害怕了）”、第二段中“To counteract this, he has tried to create an environmental where people are not afraid.（为了应对这种情况，他试图创造一种人们不害怕的环境）”可知，Jerome希望病人能不害怕看牙医，能够享受看牙医的过程。故选A。 (B) Baseball equipment has changed dramatically since the early days of the game. Protective equipment that barely existed in the early days of the game has become quite elaborate. The tools of the trade like the bat and glove have become easier to use. Uniforms are lighter and easier to play in than they were years ago. Baseball Bats The bat has undergone many changes since the start of the 20th century. In baseball’s early days, hitters were likely to use large and heavy bats when they came to the plate. Babe Ruth used the heaviest bat in the history of the game — a 54-ounce one. However, many players used bats that were 40 oz. or more to make hard contact. In the modern game, it is unusual for players to use bats that weigh more than 36 oz. Players want lighter bats because they make more bat-head speed. While professional players still use wood bats, most youth, high school and college players use bats made out of aluminum or aluminum alloy (铝或铝合金). Metal bats have been used widely since the 1980s. Protective Equipment The batting helmet did not become a required piece of equipment until it was grandfathered into the major leagues starting with the 1956 season. Players who had been playing before the helmet was required could continue to play without one, but those who started in 1956 and beyond had to wear a helmet. Helmets had been used at the players’ option since the 1941 season when the Dodgers first introduced them. Outsiders had called on baseball to adopt helmets ever since the 1920 season, when Ray Chapman was hit in the head by a fastball thrown by Carl Mays and died. Modern helmets are made of hard plastic and they protect the side of the face with ear flaps that hang down to cheek level. Catcher’s Equipment When the game was in its infancy in the 19th century, catchers were completely at risk. They wore no protective equipment, but that quickly changed when catcher’s masks were added. By the start of the 20th century, shin guards and then chest protectors were worn by catchers. All those pieces of equipment are still used, but they have gone through many changes through the years. Modern baseball allows catchers to use hockey-style goalie masks that protect the entire head and still give the catcher a clear view of the game. Modern gloves are streamlined and specialized for positions. Infielders’ gloves are small and easy to use. Outfielders’ gloves have long fingers and help the fielder hold on to a fly ball. In the late 19th century and the early part of the 20th century, baseball gloves were short and thick and difficult to open and close. They were more for protection of the hand than to help players execute fielding plays. 40. What is the passage mainly about? A. The usefulness of some baseball equipment. B. The evolution of some baseball equipment. C. The brief history of baseball. D. The tools used in baseball. 41. _________ are now intended to both protect players and improve their performance. A. Bats and helmets B. Helmets and masks C. Masks and gloves D. Gloves and bats 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Professional players started to use metal bats in the 1980s. B. Players have been required to wear helmets since the 1941 season. C. Catchers had nothing to protect them during the early days of baseball. D. Players wear the same style of gloves during the game for the sake of fairness. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍棒球运动中的球棒、护具、捕手装备和手套等装备从早期到现代的发展演变情况。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Baseball equipment has changed dramatically since the early days of the game. Protective equipment that barely existed in the early days of the game has become quite elaborate. The tools of the trade like the bat and glove have become easier to use. Uniforms are lighter and easier to play in than they were years ago.(自这项运动早期以来，棒球装备发生了巨大变化。在这项运动早期几乎不存在的防护装备已经变得十分精巧。球棒、手套这类专业用具变得更好用。球衣相比多年前更轻便，打球时更舒适。)”可知，全文主要介绍棒球装备的演变。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Modern baseball allows catchers to use hockey-style goalie masks that protect the entire head and still give the catcher a clear view of the game. Modern gloves are streamlined and specialized for positions. Infielders’ gloves are small and easy to use. Outfielders’ gloves have long fingers and help the fielder hold on to a fly ball.(现代棒球允许捕手使用冰球门将样式的面罩，能够保护整个头部，同时还能让捕手清晰看清赛场情况。现代手套经过精简设计，针对不同位置专门制作。内野手手套小巧好用，外野手手套指套更长，方便队员接住高飞球。)”可知，面罩和手套既可以保护选手，又有助于提升比赛表现。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When the game was in its infancy in the 19th century, catchers were completely at risk. They wore no protective equipment, but that quickly changed when catcher’s masks were added.(这项运动在19世纪初期刚刚兴起时，捕手完全处在危险之中。他们没有佩戴任何防护装备，不过在捕手面罩出现之后，情况很快发生了改变。)”可知，棒球发展早期捕手没有任何防护用品。 (C) Company analysts, once among the most promising professionals in the stockmarket, are being culled. New European rules, with the catchy name of MiFID2, have just dealt analysts another blow. A study by Greenwich Associates estimates that the budget for the research they perform may drop by 20% this year. In their best days in the late 1980s and early 1990s, analysts could make or break corporate reputations. A “buy” or “sell” recommendation from the leading two or three analysts in an industry could move a share price substantially. Fund managers, and many financial journalists, relied on analysts to spot those companies that were rising, and those where the accounts revealed signs of trouble. And the best analysts were very well paid. But that golden age was built on certain foundations. Analysts were well paid because they worked for the big investment banks. But those big banks made money not just by helping investors to trade but also by advising companies on new issues. In such circumstances, there was a bargain that analysts would be positive about a company’s prospects. If they were not, the chief executive might take his business elsewhere. Over time, there were far more “buy” recommendations than “sell” suggestions. This looked less like analysis than marketing. A second problem came in the 2000s as regulators cracked down on the way that companies released news to the market. Information could no longer be selectively released to favoured analysts. Meanwhile, those “Sherlock-like” analysts who liked to spot trends through independent company visits faced difficulties. Everything came to depend on the profits guidance issued by companies for the next quarter or year. And analysts dared not let their forecasts be too far from what the companies suggested. The result was that finance had created a poorly functioning market-one that was oversupplied with analysts who mostly offered the same product. Why, then, did it survive at all? The traditional way that investors rewarded banks for good research was not to pay for it directly, but to convey securities (有价证券) trades their way. This system created two conflict-of-interest questions. Were fund managers trading more than they needed to just to pay for their research? And were they getting the best terms available when they did that trade? In both cases, the client (客户), not the fund manager, was in effect paying for the service. Under the new MiFID rules, banks will not be allowed to combine research with other products. Fund managers will have to pay for it separately. As a result, they are expected to be much more selective. This recalls Dr Johnson’s response when Boswell asked whether the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland was worth seeing. The great man replied: ”Worth seeing, yes; but not worth going to see. “The suspicion is that, for many fund managers, the work of analysis is “worth having, but not worth paying to have.” 43. The word “culled” (in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to . A. dismissed B. promoted C. investigated D. required 44. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer thinks company analysts’ analysis should have been more . A. positive B. neutral C. understandable D. abstract 45. What problem did company analysts meet with in the 2000s? A. Companies provide them with incomplete news. B. They lost their exclusive access to certain information. C. Companies’ profits guidance were unavailable to them. D. They found themselves in a poorly functioning market. 46. Which of the following is a possible consequence of the new MiFID rules? A. Fewer clients will be willing to pay to see the analysis results. B. Analysts’ research will have to be combined with certain products. C. Company analysts will have to pay for their research by themselves. D. Fund managers will be cautious while choosing what analysis to do. 【答案】43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述欧洲新规削减分析师经费，昔日高薪分析师走向没落；利益冲突让分析失去客观性，付费新规也让基金经理筛选研究时更加严格。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Company analysts, once among the most promising professionals in the stockmarket, are being culled. New European rules, with the catchy name of MiFID2, have just dealt analysts another blow. A study by Greenwich Associates estimates that the budget for the research they perform may drop by 20% this year.(曾经是股市前景最好群体的公司分析师正在被culled。名为MiFID2的欧洲新规再次给分析师带来沉重打击。格林威治协会的一项研究预估，今年分析师的研究预算或将下降 20%)”可知，预算缩减意味着人员被裁员，culled意为“裁剪”，与dismissed同义。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Over time, there were far more “buy” recommendations than “sell” suggestions. This looked less like analysis than marketing.(久而久之，买入建议远多于卖出建议，这看起来更像营销而非客观分析)” 可知，作者认为分析师的分析本该更加中立客观。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“A second problem came in the 2000s as regulators cracked down on the way that companies released news to the market. Information could no longer be selectively released to favoured analysts.(21世纪初出现第二个问题：监管机构严查企业信息发布方式，企业不再能把信息选择性地只发给少数受优待的分析师)”可知，分析师失去了独享部分信息的特权。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Under the new MiFID rules, banks will not be allowed to combine research with other products. Fund managers will have to pay for it separately. As a result, they are expected to be much more selective.(MiFID新规禁止银行把研究服务捆绑其他产品，基金经理必须单独付费，因此他们挑选研究服务时会更加挑剔谨慎)”可知，基金经理选择分析项目时会更加谨慎。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Sotheby’s There is little doubt that Sotheby’s is the oldest and most famous auction (拍卖) house in the world. It has been going for more than two and a half centuries and has sold many of the most famous and valuable treasures and works of art ever created. Many would argue that the international art market as it exists today was created by Sotheby’s. ____47____ However, it is a relatively new phenomenon. It all began back in 1744 when a book dealer called Samuel Baker opened a small bookstore in the Strand in London. After his death in 1778 the business was taken over by his nephew, John Sotheby. Sotheby had a great rival, James Christie, who started the Christie’s auction house in 1776. ____48____ In 1793 he auctioned Talleyrand’s library and in 1823 he auctioned Napoleon’s collection of books. Sotheby’s business grew throughout the 19th century but it was only in the middle of the 20th century that Sotheby’s began to make a huge impact internationally. In 1958 its chairman, Peter Wilson, organised the first ever public auction of impressionist masterpieces by Cezanne, Renoir and Van Gogh. ____49____ Wilson turned the whole auction into a fashionable event. He sent invitations to film stars and politicians and held the auction in the evening. Journalists from the leading papers were invited and everyone was asked to wear black tie or evening dress. Not surprisingly, the auction got a huge amount of publicity and the prices set new records. With its growing reputation in London Sotheby’s decided to expand into the American market and bought the New York auction house Parke-Bernet. ____50____ In 1971 they even tried to raise money by launching a Sotheby’s brand of cigarette. Eventually, in 1983 Sotheby’s was bought by American businessman, Alfred Taubman. Based in Detroit, Taubman transformed Sotheby’s into a wholly American company. It was certainly a long way from the little bookshop in the Strand. A. Before that time extremely valuable works such as these were sold privately or through dealers. B. But things began to go wrong during the oil crisis and the recession of the 1970s and the company started to get into financial difficulties. C. So how on earth did it all come about? D. The idea of enormously valuable works of art being sold at public auction is something we take for granted. E. It occurred to him that he might find a new way to sell and buy things. F. Buying and selling things at auction was made fashionable by James Christie but John Sotheby was quick to follow his lead. 【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了苏富比拍卖行的历史起源、发展及其国际化历程。 【47题详解】 上文“Many would argue that the international art market as it exists today was created by Sotheby’s.(许多人认为，当今存在的国际艺术市场是由苏富比缔造的。)”说明苏富比在艺术市场中的重要地位。空后“However, it is a relatively new phenomenon.(然而，这是一个相对较新的现象。)”中“it”需指代空处的某事物。D项“极其珍贵的艺术品在公开拍卖中出售这一观念是我们如今视为理所当然的事。”提出“公开拍卖贵重艺术品”的概念，与后文“相对较新”形成转折对比。空处和前文为顺接引出话题关系，再借However转折。 【48题详解】 上文“Sotheby had a great rival, James Christie, who started the Christie’s auction house in 1776.(苏富比有一个强大的对手詹姆斯·克里斯蒂，他于1776年创立了佳士得拍卖行。)”说明竞争对手的出现。F项“拍卖买卖由詹姆斯·克里斯蒂使之成为时尚，而约翰·苏富比很快便效仿了他。”中“James Christie”与上文呼应，“John Sotheby was quick to follow his lead”顺接引出苏富比随后的拍卖活动，与后文“In 1793 he auctioned Talleyrand’s library and in 1823 he auctioned Napoleon’s collection of books.(1793年，他拍卖了塔列朗的图书馆，1823年，又拍卖了拿破仑的藏书)”衔接顺畅。 【49题详解】 上文“In 1958 its chairman, Peter Wilson, organised the first ever public auction of impressionist masterpieces by Cezanne, Renoir and Van Gogh.(1958年，其主席彼得·威尔逊组织了史上首次塞尚、雷诺阿和梵高印象派杰作的公开拍卖。)”说明这是首次公开拍卖此类名作。A项“在此之前，像这些极其珍贵的作品都是私下或通过经销商出售的。”中“Before that time”与“first ever”呼应，“these”指代上文的印象派杰作，说明此次拍卖的开创性意义。空处和前文为补充说明关系。 【50题详解】 上文“With its growing reputation in London Sotheby’s decided to expand into the American market and bought the New York auction house Parke-Bernet.(凭借在伦敦日益增长的声誉，苏富比决定扩张进入美国市场并收购了纽约拍卖行Parke-Bernet。)”说明其扩张举动。下文“In 1971 they even tried to raise money by launching a Sotheby’s brand of cigarette.(1971年他们甚至试图通过推出苏富比品牌香烟来筹集资金。)”暗示公司遭遇资金困难。B项“但在20世纪70年代的石油危机和经济衰退期间，情况开始恶化，公司陷入财务困境。”承上启下，解释推出香烟筹钱的原因。空处和前文为转折关系。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The Useful Bean Do you know what the common factor in bee food, vinyl plastic, and tofu is? It is the soybean. Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edible（可以食用的）and nonedible products. The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. It can grow in low-quality soil. Throughout the life of the plant, a release of nutrients throughout plant roots makes soil more fertile. Soybeans are also very high in protein. With its hardiness, soil benefits, high-protein content, and various uses, some people believe the soybean will become the greatest weapon against world hunger. There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. Oil is used for edible purposes such as cooking oil and salad dressing. Industries make nonedible use of soybean oil by adding to antistatic sprays, printer ink, and shampoo. One significant nonedible use of soybean oil is the making of vinyl plastics. Vinyl is used to make everything from credit cards and garden hoses to computer parts. Protein from the soybean is also used in edible and nonedible products. Edible uses for the protein include baby foods and hypoallergenic milk. Even animals benefit: bee food and fish food contain protein from the soybean. Some industries use the protein for nonedible purposes such as cosmetics, adhesives, yarn, and water-based paints. Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant. Whole soybeans are used to make food for people and animals. Grocery stores carry a variety of foods made with whole soybeans. Some of these items are pancake flour, coffee, soymilk, soy sauce and tofu. As the versatility（多用途）and hardiness of this bean gains popularity, more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Some part of the soybean is used in bee food, vinyl plastic, and tofu as well as many other edible and nonedible products. The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. As the versatility and hardiness of this bean gains popularity, more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍有用的大豆。诸如蜂粮、乙烯基塑料和豆腐这些产品以及许多其他食用和非食用产品中使用了大豆的一部分。随着这种大豆的多功能性和耐受性的普及，豆制品的更多用途必将被发现。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edibleand nonedible products. ②The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. It can grow in low-quality soil.③There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. ④Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant. 2.缜密构思 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edibleand nonedible products. The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants.运用一般现在时态的被动语态。 [高分句型2] There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. 过去分词作后置定语。 [高分句型3] As the versatility and hardiness of this bean gains popularity, more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered.句中as引导时间状语从句，且句中使用一般将来时的被动语态。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 闲聊有助于打破陌生人之间的僵局。（break the ice）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Small talk helps break the ice between strangers. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实或普遍规律，全句使用一般现在时；表示“闲聊”为Small talk作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“有助于做某事”为help (to) do sth.，主语Small talk为不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式helps；表示“打破陌生人之间的僵局”为break the ice between strangers，其中break the ice为固定短语，意为“打破僵局/破冰”，“陌生人之间”为介词短语between strangers。 53. 正是那些不经意的善意，构建起人与人之间宝贵的纽带。(It is...that...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is those casual acts of kindness that build up precious bonds between people. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，此处考查It is...that... 强调句型；表示“那些不经意的善意”应用those casual acts of kindness，作主语，为强调部分；表示“构建起”应用build up，作谓语，时态用一般现在时陈述客观事实；表示“人与人之间宝贵的纽带”应用precious bonds between people，作宾语。 54. 不要轻易假设线上友谊能够完全取代现实交往。（assume） (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do not easily assume that online friendships can completely replace real-life interactions. 【解析】 【详解】“不要”表达为否定祈使句Do not，其中Do为助动词，not为否定副词；“轻易地”表达为副词easily，作状语，修饰assume；“假设”表达为动词assume，结合提示词assume，用动词原形；“线上友谊能够完全取代现实交往”表达为that引导的宾语从句that online friendships can completely replace real‑life interactions，其中that为连接词，引导宾语从句；“线上友谊”表达为名词短语online friendships，作从句主语，其中online为形容词表示“线上的”，friendships为名词复数；“能够”表达为情态动词can，后接动词原形；“完全”表达为副词completely，作状语，修饰replace；“取代”表达为动词replace，用动词原形；“现实交往”表达为名词短语real‑life interactions，作replace的宾语，其中real‑life为复合形容词表示“现实的”，interactions为名词复数表示“交往”。 55. 虽然善意的小谎言可以保护他人的情感，但我们必须分清何时应当坚持实话实说。(while) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】While a white lie of good intentions can protect others’ feelings, we must distinguish when to stick to telling the truth. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示要求可知，该句为连词While“虽然”引导让步状语从句，从句中，表示“善意的小谎言”应为名词短语a white lie of good intentions；表示“可以”为情态动词can；表示“保护他人的情感”应为动词短语protect others’ feelings；主句中，表示“必须”为情态动词must；表示“分清”为动词distinguish；后接“疑问词when + 不定式”结构，作distinguish的宾语，表示“坚持实话实说”应为动词短语stick to telling the truth。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，学校英语报正在征集主题为 The Value of Small Pleasures 的稿件，请你投稿，内容包括： 简述你对生活中小确幸的理解; 结合自身经历说明小确幸的价值。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 The Value of Small Pleasures In our fast-paced modern society, “small pleasures” refer to the transient but delightful moments in our daily routines, such as enjoying a warm cup of coffee or witnessing a beautiful sunset. The primary value of these small pleasures lies in their remarkable ability to alleviate stress and anxiety. In the midst of overwhelming academic pressure, these tiny sparks of joy serve as a psychological buffer, allowing us to recharge our mental energy and maintain inner peace. Furthermore, appreciating small pleasures cultivates a sense of gratitude. When we consciously focus on these positive micro-experiences, we shift our mindset from complaining about what we lack to cherishing what we already possess. Personally, taking a short walk in the park after a grueling exam always rejuvenates me. Therefore, we should learn to slow down and savor these simple joys, for they are the very essence of a fulfilling life. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生对于学校英语报正在征集主题为“The Value of Small Pleasures”的稿件这一情况，进行投稿，简述你对生活中小确幸的理解，结合自身经历说明小确幸的价值。 【详解】1.词汇积累 转瞬即逝的：transient→ fleeting 培养：cultivate→ foster 令人疲惫的：grueling→ exhausting 使恢复活力：rejuvenates→revitalize 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The primary value of these small pleasures lies in their remarkable ability to alleviate stress and anxiety. 拓展句：It lies in the fact that these small pleasures can greatly ease stress and anxiety that their primary value exists. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In the midst of overwhelming academic pressure, these tiny sparks of joy serve as a psychological buffer, allowing us to recharge our mental energy and maintain inner peace.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型2】When we consciously focus on these positive micro-experiences, we shift our mindset from complaining about what we lack to cherishing what we already possess.（运用了When引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $