精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语学科5月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科5月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cave of Secrets A team of scientists and cave experts stand at the entrance of Hang Son Doong, the world’s largest cave. Hidden deep in the dense mountain jungle of central Vietnam, the cave ____1____ (come) into being millions of years ago when rock under the mountain was eroded by river water. The weakened rock eventually collapsed, making up a massive underworld now waiting ____2____ (explore). Hang Son Doong, which means “mountain river cave”, ____3____ (discover) in 1991. However, it wasn’t ____4____ 2009 that a group of British cavers explored it for the first time. The cavers had to stop after four kilometers because a great wall blocked their way. But now, a year later, they have returned to climb past the wall and find out ____5____ the cave ends. Deeper in the cave, the team members fight to keep their balance as they walk slowly through an underground river. Then they make their way through a field of huge rocks, some of ____6____ are about the size of houses. The team reaches an area where the cave’s roof has fallen in, ____7____ (create) two spectacular natural skylights. An explorer says “watch out for dinosaurs” as his partner walks into the light. In this dreamy place, prehistoric reptiles (爬行动物) seem likely to appear at any moment. The team climbs around wet, slippery rock formations as they try to make their way ____8____ the second skylight. They walk carefully here because ____9____ wrong step can lead to a fall of over 30 meters. The second, larger hole in the ceiling has brought down some of the jungle with it. Monkeys, snakes, and birds live in this part of the cave jungle. Further inside, the team walks through a thick, muddy trench (沟). The team’s final obstacle is its toughest challenge they climb up a sticky 60-meter cliff ____10____ (make) of hard minerals. After a two-day climb, they literally see light at the end of the tunnel as they reach the cave’s exit. Satisfied with the adventure through the world’s largest cave, the team climbs out into the sunlight. They have become the first people to explore the entire length of the cave. Section B Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complicated B.concern C.disruptions D. eventually E.frequent F.healing G.holding H.reminder I. representatively J. vocalizing K.zero Secrets are bad for your health I grew up in a Midwestern town where the popular wisdom was to only talk about what was pleasant and to keep secrets，if necessary，to make that happen.This meant staying silent when someone offended you，rarely ____11____ negative feelings and smiling a little more than is necessary. It also meant ____12____ room for airing any sort of dirty laundry，especially not the kinds of personal secrets that keep people up at night. Many of us like to believe that sweeping unpleasant truths under the rug might make them ____13____ go away. Instead，keeping secrets--especially heavy ones--can spin an even more ____14____ web of isolation and deception. So why do we do it？ The truth can hurt. But in many situations，it s better to get it out and let the ____15____ start，rather than allowing it to become more dangerous.The burden of ____16____ in the truth doesn't just disappear. It hides itself in the back of your mind and can cause a number of ____17____ to your life and health. "If the situations in your daily life are regular ____18____ of the secret，and you find it stressful to keep it，then yes，it can have emotional and physical consequences.” says Dr.Dean McKay. “Some people also find keeping secrets stressful out of a general ____19____ that they will 'slip’. This _____20_____ and recurring thought of the secret can in itself be stressful.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When you’re shopping at the grocery store, you probably expect that olive oil you see came from olives, and that the organic vegetables were never exposed to poisonous chemicals. Increasingly, however, there is a chance you might be ____21____. In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of so-called food fraud, or attempts by various entities—to alter products and ____22____ customers and food companies alike for financial gain (though occasionally the companies are complicit (同伙). Among the more recent ____23____: “natural?” honey that’s been laced with antibiotics (抗生素) and Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a mixture of oils that did not originate from Italy. How can this ____24____? In the U.S., the Pure Food and Drug Act has prevented the “manufacture, sale or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or harmful foods” since 1906, and similar laws exist in other countries. But most global food regulators, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, aren’t equipped to ____25____ them effectively. For the most part, they ____26____ safety standards—ensuring that foods don’t contain bacteria or viruses—and rely on companies to police the quality of their own ingredients, lest they face consumer opposition. But now that food manufacturing has become globalized, supply chains are ____27____, creating more opportunities for bad actors to mess around. “Anyone who can ____28____ substituting cheap ingredients for more expensive ones is going to try,” says Marion Nestle, who teaches nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University. Governments are starting ____29____. In 2014, the UK. created a food-crime unit that collects reports of food fraud. The Institute for Global Food Security lab in Belfast tests _____30_____ sent in by people worried about fraud—a process that’s easier than ever, thanks to advances in technology. And there are efforts in the U.K., the U.S. and China, among other nations, to increase the punishments for companies that get caught selling shady foods. But in order to _____31_____ fraud in the first place, the food industry needs to get better at safeguarding its own production network. So the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI)—a trade group consisting of officials from more than 300 food manufacturers—will this year start _____32_____ its members’ supply chains, from field to table, to identify fraud. Meanwhile, dozens of other food-industry experts recently teamed up with academics from Michigan State University to launch the Food Fraud Initiative (FFI), a group that studies fraudsters—_____33_____, how they avoid safeguards—and then advises food companies on how to keep them away. “There are plenty of _____34_____ out there who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud,” says John Spink, director of the FFI. “We just need to make ourselves a harder _____35_____.” 21. A. lucky B. wrong C. curious D. illegal 22. A. mislead B. astonish C. misunderstand D. assemble 23. A. booms B. examples C. recoveries D. trends 24. A. cease B. last C. happen D. progress 25. A. reveal B. follow C. enforce D. forget 26. A. agree with B. respond to C. substitute for D. focus on 27. A. longer B. riskier C. more stable D. more selective 28. A. hold on to B. look down on C. get away with D. make up for 29. A. take off B. keep up C. set aside D. fight back 30. A. attempts B. reports C. nutrients D. products 31. A. prevent B. cover C. suspect D. charge 32. A. affecting B. inspecting C. combining D. supporting 33. A. symbolically B. specifically C. respectively D. resourcefully 34. A. institutions B. consumers C. criminals D. sponsors 35. A. target B. issue C. choice D. technique Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) There are still many things that Peter Cooke would like to try his hand at--paper-making and feather-work are on his list. For the moment though, he will stick to the skill that he has been delighted to perfect over the past ten years: making delicate and unusual objects out of shells. “Tell me if I am boring you,” he says, as he leads me round his apartment showing me his work. There is a fine line between being a bore and being an enthusiast, but Cooke need not worry: he fits into the latter category, helped both by his charm and by the beauty of the things he makes. He points to a pair of shell-covered ornaments (装饰品) above a fireplace. “I shan’t be at all bothered if people don’t buy them because I have got so used to them, and to me they’re adorable. I never meant to sell my work commercially. Some friends came to see me about five years ago and said, ‘You must have an exhibition--people ought to see these. We’ll talk to a man who owns an art gallery’”. The result was an exhibition in London, at which 70 per cent of the objects were sold. His second exhibition opened at the gallery yesterday. Considering the enormous prices that the pieces command—around $2,000 for the ornament—an empty space above the fireplace would seem a small sacrifice for Cooke to make. There are 86 pieces in the exhibition, with prices starting at £225 for a shell--flower in a crystal vase. Cooke insists that he has nothing to do with the prices and is cheerily open about their level: he claims there is nobody else in the world who produces work like his, and, as the gallery-owner told him, “Well, you’re going to stop one day and everybody will want your pieces because there won’t be any more.” Cooke has created his own method and uses materials as and when he finds them. He uses the cardboard sent back with laundered shirts for his flower bases, a nameless glue bought from a sail-maker (‘If it runs out, I don’t know what I will do!’) and washing-up liquid to wash the shells. “I have an idea of what I want to do and it just does itself,” he says of his working method, yet the attention to detail, colour gradations and symmetry (对称) he achieves look far from accidental. 36. What can be learned about Peter Cooke from the first paragraph? A. He has produced objects with different materials. B. He was praised for his shell objects many years ago. C. He hopes to work with other materials in the future. D. He has written about his love for shell objects. 37. When looking round his apartment, the writer ________. A. is attracted by Cooke’s personality B. realizes he finds Cooke’s work boring C. feels uncertain about giving Cooke his opinion D. senses that Cooke wants his products to be admired 38. The “small sacrifice” in paragraph 3 refers to________. A. the loss of Cooke’s ornaments B. the display of Cooke’s ornaments C. the cost of keeping Cooke’s ornaments D. the space required to store Cooke’s ornaments 39. When talking about the artist’s working method, the writer implies that Cooke ________. A. is unaware of the unique quality his work has B. accepts that he sometimes makes mistakes C. undervalues the materials that he uses D. underrates his creative contribution (B) A scientist’s guide to Spring Cleaning ①________ It depends on how much you care about the effects that cleaning can have. We’ve done research into this. In one study, people completed tasks in tidy or untidy rooms, then had the option to donate to charity. We found that those in tidy room were more likely to donate. Cleaning seems to make you more likely to act in a way that is more upstanding and consistent with social norms. Can I still get psychological benefits of cleaning if I pay someone else to do it? Absolutely. You don’t have to be the person that does all the tidying in order for your behaviour to change. A neat house can have an effect on everyone in the household. My teenage daughter argues that she can’t help being messy. Should I let her off tidying her room? Some people are habitually messy, but that’s not always a bad thing. In another study, we had our subjects sit in clean or messy rooms while dreaming up new uses for ping pong balls. We found that people from the messy rooms were more creative and innovative with their ideas. Now I have an excuse for the state of my house. But when should I worry that things are too messy? Speaking from a personal perspective, you should start to worry if the mess is preventing you from getting things done in an efficient manner. There’s a concept called ‘household chaos’. Suppose your two shoes are never in the same place. If you have to run around and find the missing shoe, it could cause problems in your everyday life. That’s when things start to get too messy. ②________ If you find you’ve thrown things away that you later realise you need, or if being too tidy gets in the way of enjoying social interactions. I remember going to a colleague’s house that was spotless, with white carpets and a white couch, and I found that I just couldn’t relax. ③________ Try ‘cleaning purgatory’. Before I throw out anything that I think I may regret, I put in a holding bin. It sits there for a month. If I don’t get back to it then it has to go. 40. Some headings are missing in the passage. Match the following headings with the proper paragraphs. Note there is one more than you need. a. How do I know what to get rid of? b. Should I bother with the spring cleaning? c. How do I know I’m too tidy? d. what do you think of being too tidy? A. ①a ②c ③b B. ①b ②d ③c C. ①b ②c ③a D. ①a ②d ③b 41. What effect does cleaning have on people? A. It inspires people’s creativity. B. It makes people more generous. C. It costs people too much time. D. It gets people to work less efficiently. 42. What suggestion is given in the passage? A. Don’t let the mess take over. B. Associate cleanliness and order with morality. C. Help young children develop a habit of tidiness. D. Better not ask anyone else to do the cleaning for you. (C) Learning Morse code, with its tappity-tap rhythms of dots and dashes, could take far less effort - and attention - than one might think. The trick is a wearable computer that engages the sensory powers of touch, according to a recent pilot study. Ph.D. student Caitlyn Seim and computer science professor Thad Starner of the Georgia Institute of Technology study haptics (触觉感知). Last September at the 20th International Symposium on Wearable Computers in Heidelberg, Germany, they announced that they had programmed Google Glass to passively teach its wearers Morse code - with some signs of success. For the study, 12 participants wore the smart glasses while playing an online game on a PC. During multiple hour-long sessions (实验环节), half the players heard Google Glass’s built-in speaker repeatedly spelling out words and felt taps behind the right ear for the dots and dashes corresponding to each letter. The other six participants heard only the audio, without the corresponding vibrations (震动). After each run of game playing, all the players were asked to tap out letters in Morse code using a finger on the touch pad of the smart glasses; for example, if they tapped “dot-dot,” an “i” would pop up on the visual display. The brief testing essentially encouraged them to try to learn the code. After four one-hour sessions, the group that had received tactile cues could tap a pangram (a sentence using the entire alphabet) with 94 percent accuracy. The audio-only group eventually achieved 47 percent accuracy, learning solely from their trial-and-error inputs. The work shows that “it is possible to teach a system of typing without the user paying much attention to it,” Starner says. Passive haptic learning could help users quickly master new text-entry methods for accessory keyboards or an eyes-free Morse code-like system of taps on a smart watch, he adds, noting:“That might really change how people use mobile and wearable devices.” The results agree with other effects of passive haptic learning that the researchers have found in past studies, Seim says. For example, the group has developed computing gloves that deliver vibrations to the fingers to teach the “muscle memories” for playing a piano song or typing Braille. Although it was small scale, the experiment demonstrates how wearable computers could permit users to “go about your daily business — and while you do that, you can get information to actually learn things,” says Paul Lukowicz of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, who was not involved in the study. Now if only listening to Spanish in your sleep could impart fluency. 43. What can be learned about the participants of Caitlyn Seim and Thad Starner’s study? A. None of them knew beforehand what they would do. B. Some of them had already learned Morse Code. C. All of them were experienced PC game players. D. Half of them could only hear words spelt out. 44. The “tactile cues” (in paragraph 3) refer to ”________“. A. the taps that the players felt B. the testing that the players had C. the letters that the players knew D. the glasses that the player wore 45. What can be inferred from Caitlyn Seim and Thad Starner’s study? A. A new system of typing is on the way. B. People can learn some manual skills subconsciously. C. It is possible for Morse Code to serve as a learning tool. D. Vibrations do nothing to help maintain muscle memories. 46. According to Starner, in what way is their study important? A. It may offer an innovative way to use wearable devices. B. It may draw people’s attention to alternative learning materials. C. It may inspire researchers to care more about the sense of touch. D. It may advance the technology of mobile devices to a new stage. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Cube has his own voice I arrive at the Szepilona Bisztro, on a leafy road on the “Buda” side of Budapest, holding a Rubik’s Cube and searching for the man who had created it almost 50 years ago. I feel unworthy to have lunch with Emo Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. Rubik arrives punctually. He’s been coming to this restaurant since the late 1960s, when he was a graduate student, before he had invented one of the world’s most successful puzzles — a cube with 43 quintillion combinations, only one of which is correct. _____47_____ At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”. In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. _____48_____ He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state. “It was a more difficult task to find a system to solve it than it had been to create the thing itself” he says. In the end, it took him a month. And solving it gave him a “happy feeling of freedom’’, he said at the time. The Rubik’s Cube was born, and to date more than 450 million have been sold, the craze reaching its peak in the early 1980s. Rubik was 29 when he “discovered” the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. _____49_____From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. “I can’t imagine there being a higher type for it than there had been in the 1980s,” he says. He motions to my Cube._____50_____Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”. A. But the content of the Cube is so wide that it can be a symbol of logical thinking, a way of life. B. Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. C. His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. D. I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. E. Rubik was born towards the end of the Second World War to an aircraft engineer father and a poet mother. F. The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. A Brief History of Silk Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself. Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread. Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk. Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road. Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 近三年来，我一直在练习潜水。(practise)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 奇怪的是，照相机的备用电池找不到了。(nowhere) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 作为对于这起食物中毒事件网络报道的回应，这家饭店发布了最新检验结果。(response) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 为了找到一间在自己预算范围的公寓，小王几乎走遍了这个街区所有的房产中介，但一无所获。(In order to) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一本英语杂志上读到一篇关于青少年心理状态的文章，文中提出与 20 年前的青少年相比，如今的青少年更不快乐。你对此观点很感兴趣，写一篇文章给该杂志“读者来信”专栏，内容须包括： 1) 你是否赞同这一观点；2) 你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科5月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cave of Secrets A team of scientists and cave experts stand at the entrance of Hang Son Doong, the world’s largest cave. Hidden deep in the dense mountain jungle of central Vietnam, the cave ____1____ (come) into being millions of years ago when rock under the mountain was eroded by river water. The weakened rock eventually collapsed, making up a massive underworld now waiting ____2____ (explore). Hang Son Doong, which means “mountain river cave”, ____3____ (discover) in 1991. However, it wasn’t ____4____ 2009 that a group of British cavers explored it for the first time. The cavers had to stop after four kilometers because a great wall blocked their way. But now, a year later, they have returned to climb past the wall and find out ____5____ the cave ends. Deeper in the cave, the team members fight to keep their balance as they walk slowly through an underground river. Then they make their way through a field of huge rocks, some of ____6____ are about the size of houses. The team reaches an area where the cave’s roof has fallen in, ____7____ (create) two spectacular natural skylights. An explorer says “watch out for dinosaurs” as his partner walks into the light. In this dreamy place, prehistoric reptiles (爬行动物) seem likely to appear at any moment. The team climbs around wet, slippery rock formations as they try to make their way ____8____ the second skylight. They walk carefully here because ____9____ wrong step can lead to a fall of over 30 meters. The second, larger hole in the ceiling has brought down some of the jungle with it. Monkeys, snakes, and birds live in this part of the cave jungle. Further inside, the team walks through a thick, muddy trench (沟). The team’s final obstacle is its toughest challenge they climb up a sticky 60-meter cliff ____10____ (make) of hard minerals. After a two-day climb, they literally see light at the end of the tunnel as they reach the cave’s exit. Satisfied with the adventure through the world’s largest cave, the team climbs out into the sunlight. They have become the first people to explore the entire length of the cave. 【答案】1. came 2. to be explored 3. was discovered 4. until 5. where 6. which 7. creating 8. to##toward 9. a 10. made 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了科学家与洞穴专家探险越南韩松洞（世界最大洞穴）并最终完成全程探索的经历。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：该洞穴隐藏在越南中部茂密的山林深处，数百万年前因山体下的岩石被河水侵蚀而形成。空处为句子的谓语动词，由“millions of years ago”可知，用一般过去时。come into being为固定短语，意为“形成”。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：变脆弱的岩石最终坍塌，形成了一个庞大的地下世界，如今正等待着被人们探索。wait to do sth.为固定搭配，且underworld与explore之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be explored。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：“韩松洞”意为“山河洞”，它于1991年被发现。空处为主句的谓语动词，主语Hang Son Doong与discover为被动关系，且时间状语为in 1991，用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数，be动词用was。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：然而，直到2009年，一群英国洞穴探险家才首次对它进行了探索。not...until...为固定结构，意为“直到……才……”。 【5题详解】 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：但如今，一年之后，他们重返此处，翻过那堵墙，去查明这个洞穴止于何处。find out后接宾语从句，从句中the cave ends缺少地点状语，用连接副词where引导该从句。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然后他们穿过一片巨石地带，其中一些石头约有房屋那么大。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a field of huge rocks，且关系词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：队伍到达洞穴顶部塌陷的区域，由此形成了两个壮观的天然天窗。空处为非谓语动词作结果状语，且需用现在分词作自然而然的结果状语。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：队伍在潮湿光滑的岩石构造间攀爬，试图前往第二个天窗。“make one’s way to/towards + 地点”意为“前往某地”。 【9题详解】 考查冠词。句意：他们在这里小心翼翼地行走，因为一步走错就可能导致从30多米高处坠落。a wrong step表示泛指“一步错误的脚步”，step为可数名词单数。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：队伍最后的障碍也是最大的挑战——他们爬上一座由坚硬矿物构成的60米高的黏性悬崖。be made of意为“由……构成”，此处需要非谓语动词作定语，make和修饰的名词cliff之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动。 Section B Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complicated B.concern C.disruptions D. eventually E.frequent F.healing G.holding H.reminder I. representatively J. vocalizing K.zero Secrets are bad for your health I grew up in a Midwestern town where the popular wisdom was to only talk about what was pleasant and to keep secrets，if necessary，to make that happen.This meant staying silent when someone offended you，rarely ____11____ negative feelings and smiling a little more than is necessary. It also meant ____12____ room for airing any sort of dirty laundry，especially not the kinds of personal secrets that keep people up at night. Many of us like to believe that sweeping unpleasant truths under the rug might make them ____13____ go away. Instead，keeping secrets--especially heavy ones--can spin an even more ____14____ web of isolation and deception. So why do we do it？ The truth can hurt. But in many situations，it s better to get it out and let the ____15____ start，rather than allowing it to become more dangerous.The burden of ____16____ in the truth doesn't just disappear. It hides itself in the back of your mind and can cause a number of ____17____ to your life and health. "If the situations in your daily life are regular ____18____ of the secret，and you find it stressful to keep it，then yes，it can have emotional and physical consequences.” says Dr.Dean McKay. “Some people also find keeping secrets stressful out of a general ____19____ that they will 'slip’. This _____20_____ and recurring thought of the secret can in itself be stressful.” 【答案】11. J 12. K 13. D 14. A 15. F 16. G 17. C 18. H 19. B 20. E 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了掩饰内心真实情感，压抑自我对自身是有害的。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着当有人冒犯你时，你要保持沉默，很少说出负面情绪，必要时多微笑一点。mean doing意味着……，此处是有and并列的三个动名词作宾语，根据句意，此处意指表露自己的负面情绪。vocalizing符合句意，故选J项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这也意味着没有空间让任何不好的事情发生，尤其是那些让人夜不能寐的个人秘密。根据空格后名词room，可知此处要填形容词；根据前句，在有负面情绪时，在别人冒犯你时，你都不说出来，这就让不好的事情无法传达出去。zero符合句意，故选K项。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们许多人喜欢相信，把不愉快的事实扫到地毯下面，它们最终可能会消失。根据句子结构，此处应该用副词修饰后面的动词go away；根据句意，此处意指最终会消失。eventually符合句意，故选D项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：相反，保守秘密——尤其是重大的秘密——会编织出一张更加复杂的孤立和欺骗之网。根据句子结构可知，此处要填形容词修饰后面的名词web；根据句意，此处意指保守秘密会使情况变得更加复杂。complicated符合句意，故选A项。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：但在许多情况下，最好是把它说出来，让它开始愈合，而不是让它变得更危险。根据句子结构可知，此处要填名词作宾语；根据句意，此处意指让事情慢慢好起来。healing符合句意，故选F项。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：坚持真相的负担不会凭空消失。根据句子结构可知，此处位于介词of之后，名词the truth之前，所以要填动名词；根据句意，此处意指保守秘密，坚持真相。holding符合句意，故选G项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：它隐藏在你的思想深处，会对你的生活和健康造成许多困扰。分析句子结构可知，此处要填名词，在句中作宾语；根据句意，此处意指坚守真相，保守秘密的负担会对你的健康造成很多困扰。disruptions符合句意，故选C项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果你日常生活中的情况经常会提醒你这个秘密，而你觉得保守这个秘密很有压力，那么是的，它会对你的情绪和身体产生影响。分析句子结构可知，此处要填名词，在句中作表语；根据句意，此处意指生活中的一些事情经常会让你想到保守的这个秘密。reminder符合句意，故选H项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：还有些人因为普遍担心自己会“失言”，会觉得保守秘密让人感到压力。根据句子结构可知，此处要填名词；根据其后的宾语从句，可知此处意指担忧自己会失言，泄露秘密。concern符合句意，故选B项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种频繁反复地想到秘密本身就会让人感到压力。根据句子结构可知，此处要填形容词，和and后的recurring并列修饰后面的名词thought；根据句意，此处意指经常反复地想到这个秘密。frequent符合句意，故选E项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When you’re shopping at the grocery store, you probably expect that olive oil you see came from olives, and that the organic vegetables were never exposed to poisonous chemicals. Increasingly, however, there is a chance you might be ____21____. In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of so-called food fraud, or attempts by various entities—to alter products and ____22____ customers and food companies alike for financial gain (though occasionally the companies are complicit (同伙). Among the more recent ____23____: “natural?” honey that’s been laced with antibiotics (抗生素) and Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a mixture of oils that did not originate from Italy. How can this ____24____? In the U.S., the Pure Food and Drug Act has prevented the “manufacture, sale or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or harmful foods” since 1906, and similar laws exist in other countries. But most global food regulators, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, aren’t equipped to ____25____ them effectively. For the most part, they ____26____ safety standards—ensuring that foods don’t contain bacteria or viruses—and rely on companies to police the quality of their own ingredients, lest they face consumer opposition. But now that food manufacturing has become globalized, supply chains are ____27____, creating more opportunities for bad actors to mess around. “Anyone who can ____28____ substituting cheap ingredients for more expensive ones is going to try,” says Marion Nestle, who teaches nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University. Governments are starting ____29____. In 2014, the UK. created a food-crime unit that collects reports of food fraud. The Institute for Global Food Security lab in Belfast tests _____30_____ sent in by people worried about fraud—a process that’s easier than ever, thanks to advances in technology. And there are efforts in the U.K., the U.S. and China, among other nations, to increase the punishments for companies that get caught selling shady foods. But in order to _____31_____ fraud in the first place, the food industry needs to get better at safeguarding its own production network. So the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI)—a trade group consisting of officials from more than 300 food manufacturers—will this year start _____32_____ its members’ supply chains, from field to table, to identify fraud. Meanwhile, dozens of other food-industry experts recently teamed up with academics from Michigan State University to launch the Food Fraud Initiative (FFI), a group that studies fraudsters—_____33_____, how they avoid safeguards—and then advises food companies on how to keep them away. “There are plenty of _____34_____ out there who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud,” says John Spink, director of the FFI. “We just need to make ourselves a harder _____35_____.” 21. A. lucky B. wrong C. curious D. illegal 22. A. mislead B. astonish C. misunderstand D. assemble 23. A. booms B. examples C. recoveries D. trends 24. A. cease B. last C. happen D. progress 25. A. reveal B. follow C. enforce D. forget 26. A. agree with B. respond to C. substitute for D. focus on 27. A. longer B. riskier C. more stable D. more selective 28. A. hold on to B. look down on C. get away with D. make up for 29. A. take off B. keep up C. set aside D. fight back 30. A. attempts B. reports C. nutrients D. products 31. A. prevent B. cover C. suspect D. charge 32. A. affecting B. inspecting C. combining D. supporting 33. A. symbolically B. specifically C. respectively D. resourcefully 34. A. institutions B. consumers C. criminals D. sponsors 35. A. target B. issue C. choice D. technique 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国食品行业存在的欺诈行为以及人们和这些欺诈行为做斗争所采取的措施。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，越来越有可能你错了。A. lucky幸运的；B. wrong错误的；C. curious好奇的；D. illegal不合法的。根据下文“reports of so-called food fraud”可知，会出现食品欺诈，所以你的想法的是错的，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：近年来，有关所谓食品欺诈的报道越来越多，即各种实体试图改变产品，误导顾客和食品公司以获取经济利益。A. mislead误导；B. 使吃惊，震惊；C. misunderstand误解；D. assemble集合；装配。根据上文“Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a mixture of oils that did not originate from Italy”可知，虚假的宣传确实会是误导客户，故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的例子包括：掺有抗生素的“天然？”蜂蜜，意大利公司销售的“意大利橄榄油”由非意大利原产的混合油制成。A. booms繁荣；B. examples实例；C. recoveries恢复；D. trends趋势。根据下文的“Italian olive oil”可知，这是最近众多例子中的一个，故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这怎么会发生？A. cease停止；B. last持续；C. happen发生；D. progress进步。it指代的是上文提到的“食品欺诈”，下文要开始探究其“发生的原因”，故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但包括美国食品药品监督管理局在内的大多数全球食品监管机构都没有能力有效执行这些规定。A. reveal揭示；B. follow跟随；C. enforce执行；D. forget忘记。根据下文的“them”指代的是“the Pure Food and Drug Act”可知，是“执行规定”，故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，他们专注于安全标准——确保食品不含细菌或病毒——并依靠公司监督自己原料的质量，以免面临消费者的反对。A. agree with同意；B. respond to回应；C. substitute for代替；D. focus on专注于。根据下文的动词“ensuring”和“rely on”可知，他们是专注于安全标准的，故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在食品制造业已经全球化，供应链更长，为不良行为者创造了更多的机会。A. longer较长的；B. riskier风险较高的；C. more stable更稳定的；D. more selective更有选择性。根据前文“food manufacturing has become globalized”可知，食品制造业全球化了，这就会导致食品的供应链变得更长，故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：纽约大学教授营养、食品研究和公共卫生的Marion Nestle说：“任何能摆脱以好充次惩罚的人都会尝试。”A. hold on to保存；保留；坚持；B. look down on看不起；C. get away with（做坏事而）未受惩罚；应付过去；D. make up for弥补。因为这样做经济利润巨大，那么他一定会这样做，故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：政府开始反击。A. take off起飞；B. keep up保持；C. set aside留出；D. fight back反击。根据下文“In 2014, the UK. created a food-crime unit”可知，政府开始成立专门的部门，这就是为了打击犯罪，故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝尔法斯特的全球粮食安全研究所实验室对担心欺诈的人送来的产品进行了测试——由于技术的进步，这一过程比以往任何时候都更容易。A. attempts尝试；B. reports报告；报道；C. nutrients营养素；D. products产品。根据下文“shady foods”可知，检查食物产品，故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但为了从一开始就防止欺诈，食品行业需要更好地保护自己的生产网络。A. prevent防止；B. cover盖；C. suspect怀疑；D. charge给……充电；起诉。根据上文“increase the punishments for companies that get caught selling shady foods”可知，加大对销售不正当食品的公司的惩罚力度，这是为了预防食物欺诈，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，全球食品安全倡议（GFSI）——一个由300多家食品制造商的官员组成的贸易组织——今年将开始检查其成员从现场到餐桌的供应链，以识别欺诈行为。A. affecting影响；B. inspecting检查；C. combining组合；D。supporting支持。根据上文“from field to table, to identify fraud”可知，这一系列的行为是为了防止食物欺诈，则应该是需要检查食物链，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，数十名其他食品行业专家最近与密歇根州立大学的学者合作，发起了食品欺诈倡议（FFI），该组织研究欺诈者，特别是他们如何避免安全措施，然后建议食品公司如何让他们远离。A. symbolically象征性地；B. specifically特别是；C. respectively分别为；D. resourcefully足智多谋。根据上文“发起了食品欺诈倡议（FFI），该组织研究欺诈者”可知，他们开始研究欺诈者，而“how they avoid safeguards”是特别重要的一项，故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：外国金融机构负责人John Spink表示：“有很多罪犯会活跃起来，寻找诈骗的机会。”A. institutions机构；B. consumers消费者；C. criminals罪犯；D. sponsors赞助商。根据下文的“who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud”可知，此处指的是进行食物欺诈的人，就是罪犯，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们只需要让自己成为更难对付的目标。”。A. target目标；B. issue问题；C. choice选择；D. technique技巧。根据上文“There are plenty of criminals out there who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud”可知，为了让别人很难骗到自己，我们需要提升对方欺诈的难度，让自己成为更难的目标。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) There are still many things that Peter Cooke would like to try his hand at--paper-making and feather-work are on his list. For the moment though, he will stick to the skill that he has been delighted to perfect over the past ten years: making delicate and unusual objects out of shells. “Tell me if I am boring you,” he says, as he leads me round his apartment showing me his work. There is a fine line between being a bore and being an enthusiast, but Cooke need not worry: he fits into the latter category, helped both by his charm and by the beauty of the things he makes. He points to a pair of shell-covered ornaments (装饰品) above a fireplace. “I shan’t be at all bothered if people don’t buy them because I have got so used to them, and to me they’re adorable. I never meant to sell my work commercially. Some friends came to see me about five years ago and said, ‘You must have an exhibition--people ought to see these. We’ll talk to a man who owns an art gallery’”. The result was an exhibition in London, at which 70 per cent of the objects were sold. His second exhibition opened at the gallery yesterday. Considering the enormous prices that the pieces command—around $2,000 for the ornament—an empty space above the fireplace would seem a small sacrifice for Cooke to make. There are 86 pieces in the exhibition, with prices starting at £225 for a shell--flower in a crystal vase. Cooke insists that he has nothing to do with the prices and is cheerily open about their level: he claims there is nobody else in the world who produces work like his, and, as the gallery-owner told him, “Well, you’re going to stop one day and everybody will want your pieces because there won’t be any more.” Cooke has created his own method and uses materials as and when he finds them. He uses the cardboard sent back with laundered shirts for his flower bases, a nameless glue bought from a sail-maker (‘If it runs out, I don’t know what I will do!’) and washing-up liquid to wash the shells. “I have an idea of what I want to do and it just does itself,” he says of his working method, yet the attention to detail, colour gradations and symmetry (对称) he achieves look far from accidental. 36. What can be learned about Peter Cooke from the first paragraph? A. He has produced objects with different materials. B. He was praised for his shell objects many years ago. C. He hopes to work with other materials in the future. D. He has written about his love for shell objects. 37. When looking round his apartment, the writer ________. A. is attracted by Cooke’s personality B. realizes he finds Cooke’s work boring C. feels uncertain about giving Cooke his opinion D. senses that Cooke wants his products to be admired 38. The “small sacrifice” in paragraph 3 refers to________. A. the loss of Cooke’s ornaments B. the display of Cooke’s ornaments C. the cost of keeping Cooke’s ornaments D. the space required to store Cooke’s ornaments 39. When talking about the artist’s working method, the writer implies that Cooke ________. A. is unaware of the unique quality his work has B. accepts that he sometimes makes mistakes C. undervalues the materials that he uses D. underrates his creative contribution 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了Peter Cooke一直希望将来能使用其他材料，但他的画廊损失严重，他后悔自己的工作不再那么熟练了。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For the moment though, he will stick to the skill that he has been delighted to perfect over the past ten years: making delicate and unusual objects out of shells. (不过，就目前而言，他将坚持他在过去十年中一直乐于完善的技能：用贝壳制作精致而不寻常的物体。)”可知，Peter Cooke希望将来能使用其他材料，故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tell me if I am boring you (如果我让你无聊，就告诉我)”可知，当环顾他的公寓时作者意识到他觉得库克的作品很无聊，故选B。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Considering the enormous prices that the pieces command—around $2,000 for the ornament—an empty space above the fireplace would seem a small sacrifice for Cooke to make. (考虑到这些装饰品的高昂价格—大约2000美元—在壁炉上方腾出一块空地对库克来说似乎是一个小小的牺牲。)”可知，以大约2000美元的价格把Cooke的饰品卖掉对他来说是一个损失。可知划线词组的意思是“库克的饰品损失”。故选A。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“yet the attention to detail, colour gradations and symmetry (对称) he achieves look far from accidental. (然而，他对细节、色调和对称性的关注看起来绝非偶然。)”可知，在谈到艺术家的工作方法时，作者想表明的是库克低估了他的创造性贡献，故选D。 (B) A scientist’s guide to Spring Cleaning ①________ It depends on how much you care about the effects that cleaning can have. We’ve done research into this. In one study, people completed tasks in tidy or untidy rooms, then had the option to donate to charity. We found that those in tidy room were more likely to donate. Cleaning seems to make you more likely to act in a way that is more upstanding and consistent with social norms. Can I still get psychological benefits of cleaning if I pay someone else to do it? Absolutely. You don’t have to be the person that does all the tidying in order for your behaviour to change. A neat house can have an effect on everyone in the household. My teenage daughter argues that she can’t help being messy. Should I let her off tidying her room? Some people are habitually messy, but that’s not always a bad thing. In another study, we had our subjects sit in clean or messy rooms while dreaming up new uses for ping pong balls. We found that people from the messy rooms were more creative and innovative with their ideas. Now I have an excuse for the state of my house. But when should I worry that things are too messy? Speaking from a personal perspective, you should start to worry if the mess is preventing you from getting things done in an efficient manner. There’s a concept called ‘household chaos’. Suppose your two shoes are never in the same place. If you have to run around and find the missing shoe, it could cause problems in your everyday life. That’s when things start to get too messy. ②________ If you find you’ve thrown things away that you later realise you need, or if being too tidy gets in the way of enjoying social interactions. I remember going to a colleague’s house that was spotless, with white carpets and a white couch, and I found that I just couldn’t relax. ③________ Try ‘cleaning purgatory’. Before I throw out anything that I think I may regret, I put in a holding bin. It sits there for a month. If I don’t get back to it then it has to go. 40. Some headings are missing in the passage. Match the following headings with the proper paragraphs. Note there is one more than you need. a. How do I know what to get rid of? b. Should I bother with the spring cleaning? c. How do I know I’m too tidy? d. what do you think of being too tidy? A. ①a ②c ③b B. ①b ②d ③c C. ①b ②c ③a D. ①a ②d ③b 41. What effect does cleaning have on people? A. It inspires people’s creativity. B. It makes people more generous. C. It costs people too much time. D. It gets people to work less efficiently. 42. What suggestion is given in the passage? A. Don’t let the mess take over. B. Associate cleanliness and order with morality. C. Help young children develop a habit of tidiness. D. Better not ask anyone else to do the cleaning for you. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于春季清洁的科学指南，包括清洁对人的心理影响、判断整洁或混乱程度的标准以及清理物品的建议等。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。①处段落开头通过“It depends on how much you care about the effects that cleaning can have. (这取决于你有多在意清洁可能产生的影响)”引出对“是否需要进行春季清洁”的讨论，对应标题b“Should I bother with the spring cleaning? (我需要费心进行春季大扫除吗？)”；②处段落通过同事家过于整洁让人无法放松的例子，探讨“何时该担心过于整洁”，对应标题c“How do I know I’m too tidy? (我怎么知道自己过于整洁了呢？)”；③处段落介绍“cleaning purgatory”方法来决定物品去留，对应标题a“How do I know what to get rid of ? (我怎么知道该扔掉什么呢？)”。故选C项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“We found that those in tidy room were more likely to donate. (我们发现，身处整洁房间的人更有可能进行捐赠)”可知，处于整洁房间的人更可能捐款，即清洁会让人更慷慨。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Try ‘cleaning purgatory’. Before I throw out anything that I think I may regret, I put in a holding bin. It sits there for a month. If I don’t get back to it then it has to go. (试试“清洁炼狱”法。在我打算扔掉任何可能会后悔丢弃的东西之前，我会把它放进一个暂存箱里。它会在那里存放一个月。如果一个月内我没有再用到它，那它就必须被扔掉)”可知，作者建议通过暂存物品来判断是否丢弃，这一方法的核心是平衡整洁与混乱，避免混乱占据主导以至于影响生活。故选A项。 (C) Learning Morse code, with its tappity-tap rhythms of dots and dashes, could take far less effort - and attention - than one might think. The trick is a wearable computer that engages the sensory powers of touch, according to a recent pilot study. Ph.D. student Caitlyn Seim and computer science professor Thad Starner of the Georgia Institute of Technology study haptics (触觉感知). Last September at the 20th International Symposium on Wearable Computers in Heidelberg, Germany, they announced that they had programmed Google Glass to passively teach its wearers Morse code - with some signs of success. For the study, 12 participants wore the smart glasses while playing an online game on a PC. During multiple hour-long sessions (实验环节), half the players heard Google Glass’s built-in speaker repeatedly spelling out words and felt taps behind the right ear for the dots and dashes corresponding to each letter. The other six participants heard only the audio, without the corresponding vibrations (震动). After each run of game playing, all the players were asked to tap out letters in Morse code using a finger on the touch pad of the smart glasses; for example, if they tapped “dot-dot,” an “i” would pop up on the visual display. The brief testing essentially encouraged them to try to learn the code. After four one-hour sessions, the group that had received tactile cues could tap a pangram (a sentence using the entire alphabet) with 94 percent accuracy. The audio-only group eventually achieved 47 percent accuracy, learning solely from their trial-and-error inputs. The work shows that “it is possible to teach a system of typing without the user paying much attention to it,” Starner says. Passive haptic learning could help users quickly master new text-entry methods for accessory keyboards or an eyes-free Morse code-like system of taps on a smart watch, he adds, noting:“That might really change how people use mobile and wearable devices.” The results agree with other effects of passive haptic learning that the researchers have found in past studies, Seim says. For example, the group has developed computing gloves that deliver vibrations to the fingers to teach the “muscle memories” for playing a piano song or typing Braille. Although it was small scale, the experiment demonstrates how wearable computers could permit users to “go about your daily business — and while you do that, you can get information to actually learn things,” says Paul Lukowicz of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, who was not involved in the study. Now if only listening to Spanish in your sleep could impart fluency. 43. What can be learned about the participants of Caitlyn Seim and Thad Starner’s study? A. None of them knew beforehand what they would do. B. Some of them had already learned Morse Code. C. All of them were experienced PC game players. D. Half of them could only hear words spelt out. 44. The “tactile cues” (in paragraph 3) refer to ”________“. A. the taps that the players felt B. the testing that the players had C. the letters that the players knew D. the glasses that the player wore 45. What can be inferred from Caitlyn Seim and Thad Starner’s study? A. A new system of typing is on the way. B. People can learn some manual skills subconsciously. C. It is possible for Morse Code to serve as a learning tool. D. Vibrations do nothing to help maintain muscle memories. 46. According to Starner, in what way is their study important? A. It may offer an innovative way to use wearable devices. B. It may draw people’s attention to alternative learning materials. C. It may inspire researchers to care more about the sense of touch. D. It may advance the technology of mobile devices to a new stage. 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍一项研究：可穿戴设备利用触觉，让人在不太专注的情况下被动学习莫尔斯电码。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“During multiple hour-long sessions (实验环节), half the players heard Google Glass’s built-in speaker repeatedly spelling out words and felt taps behind the right ear for the dots and dashes corresponding to each letter. The other six participants heard only the audio, without the corresponding vibrations (震动).(在多个一小时的测试环节中，一半受试者听到谷歌眼镜内置扬声器反复拼读出单词，并且右耳后方感受到对应每个字母点划的轻触震动。另外六名受试者只能听到声音，没有配套震动。)”可知，一半受试者只能听到拼读的单词。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。结合第二段两组受试者的对照实验设计，以及第三段中的“After four one-hour sessions, the group that had received tactile cues could tap a pangram (a sentence using the entire alphabet) with 94 percent accuracy.(经过四轮一小时的学习环节后，接收到tactile cues的小组，能够以94%的准确率敲出包含全部字母的全字母句。)”可知，这个准确率远超仅听音频的对照组的实验组，正是获得了右耳后方震动触感提示的小组，因此“tactile cues”指代的就是受试者接收到的触觉敲击提示。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The work shows that “it is possible to teach a system of typing without the user paying much attention to it,” Starner says.(斯塔纳说，这项研究表明“可以在用户不用高度专注的情况下教会一套输入方式”。)”可知，人们可以下意识地习得一些动手操作类技能。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Passive haptic learning could help users quickly master new text-entry methods for accessory keyboards or an eyes-free Morse code-like system of taps on a smart watch, he adds, noting: “That might really change how people use mobile and wearable devices.”(他补充说，被动触觉学习能够帮助用户快速掌握配套键盘新输入方式，或是智能手表上无需用眼、类似莫尔斯电码的敲击系统，他指出：“这或许会真正改变人们使用移动和可穿戴设备的方式。”)”可知，这项研究或许提供一种使用可穿戴设备的创新方式。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Cube has his own voice I arrive at the Szepilona Bisztro, on a leafy road on the “Buda” side of Budapest, holding a Rubik’s Cube and searching for the man who had created it almost 50 years ago. I feel unworthy to have lunch with Emo Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. Rubik arrives punctually. He’s been coming to this restaurant since the late 1960s, when he was a graduate student, before he had invented one of the world’s most successful puzzles — a cube with 43 quintillion combinations, only one of which is correct. _____47_____ At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”. In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. _____48_____ He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state. “It was a more difficult task to find a system to solve it than it had been to create the thing itself” he says. In the end, it took him a month. And solving it gave him a “happy feeling of freedom’’, he said at the time. The Rubik’s Cube was born, and to date more than 450 million have been sold, the craze reaching its peak in the early 1980s. Rubik was 29 when he “discovered” the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. _____49_____From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. “I can’t imagine there being a higher type for it than there had been in the 1980s,” he says. He motions to my Cube._____50_____Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”. A. But the content of the Cube is so wide that it can be a symbol of logical thinking, a way of life. B. Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. C. His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. D. I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. E. Rubik was born towards the end of the Second World War to an aircraft engineer father and a poet mother. F. The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. 【答案】47. C 48. B 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了魔方发明以及畅销的经过。 【47题详解】 根据后文“At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”.(当时，鲁比克住在他的家庭公寓里，公寓位于城市“佩斯”一侧的一条大道上。他是一名建筑学教授，但他的房间“就像一个孩子的口袋，装满了大理石和珍宝”)”以及下文他解决了这一困难，说明事情出现了转机，他有了灵感。故C选项“他的灵感出现在1974年春天”符合语境，故选C。 【48题详解】 根据上文“In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently.(为了帮助学生理解三维问题，他尝试构建一组立方体，这些立方体可以保持在一起，但也可以独立移动)”以及后文“He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state.(他把每一面都涂上了不同的颜色。但在他扭曲了它之后，他意识到他不能轻易地把它恢复到原来的状态)”可知，本句应和上下文一致，继续说明这些立方体结构的情况，故B选项“最后他想出了一个六面结构，每面有九个相互连接的立方体”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据后文“From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years.(从那时起，它传遍了世界，仅仅三年就卖出了大约1亿个魔方)”推知，空处句子提到了一个重要的时间节点。故F选项“第二年，他有机会把他的发明带到纽约的一个玩具展上”符合语境，故选F。 【50题详解】 根据后文“Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”.( Rubik用20世纪80年代的一句日本口号来安慰我，这句话是为一种游戏创造的：“一分钟学习，一生精通”)”可知，Rubik在安慰作者，由此可知作者还没有解决自己的魔方问题。故D选项“我不得不承认我还没有解决它”符合语境，故选D。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. A Brief History of Silk Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself. Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread. Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk. Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road. Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】版本一：Comfortable to wear, silk is as popular today as it was first manufactured. However it’s basic silk-production process has little changed since it was originally produced in China. With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road. It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match. 版本二：Silk has been popular for almost 5000 years, and its production hasn’t changed much. It is made from cocoons, protective shells created by silkworms. Before two monks brought silk to Europe in the 6th century, China used to be the only country that produced silk and Silk Road was the route through which silk was transported to other countries. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸的历史：丝绸缎优点、生产过程、出口以及丝绸之路的形成和未来广阔的市场。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. ②Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. ③Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road. ④the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 However it’s basic silk-production process has changed little very little since it first began. As a result of so much silk was exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road. The beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market. 【点睛】[高分句型1] With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.运用一个with复合结构对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。 [高分句型2]It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match. 用固定句型It is expected to be对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 近三年来，我一直在练习潜水。(practise)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I have been practising diving in the past three years. 【解析】 【详解】句子强调动作从三年前开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去，用现在完成进行时，其结构为“have been + 现在分词”，表示“我”用I，作主语；表示“练习”用practise，主语I为第一人称，助动词用have，practise的现在分词为practising，即have been practising；此处用于practise doing sth.“练习做某事”结构；表示“潜水”用diving，作practise的宾语；表示“近三年来”用固定短语in the past three years，意为“在过去的三年里”，作时间状语，常与现在完成进行时连用。 53. 奇怪的是，照相机的备用电池找不到了。(nowhere) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Curiously, the spare battery of the camera is nowhere to be found. 【解析】 【详解】“奇怪的是”可译为副词curiously，置于句首作评注性状语；“照相机的备用电池”译为the spare battery of the camera；“找不到了”需用提示词nowhere，常用结构nowhere to be found，意为“到处都找不到、无处可寻”，其中to be found为不定式的被动式，因battery与find之间是被动关系；句子用主系表结构，“电池找不到”可理解为是当前状态，可用一般现在时态，be动词用is。 54. 作为对于这起食物中毒事件网络报道的回应，这家饭店发布了最新检验结果。(response) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In response to the online reports of this food poisoning incident, the restaurant released its latest test results. 【解析】 【详解】“作为对……的回应”可翻译为固定短语in response to；“……网络报道”可译为online reports of，“这起食物中毒事件”译为this food poisoning incident，作of的宾语；“这家饭店”译为the restaurant，作主语；“发布”可译为release，事情已发生，用一般过去时released；“最新检验结果”译为its latest test results。 55. 为了找到一间在自己预算范围的公寓，小王几乎走遍了这个街区所有的房产中介，但一无所获。(In order to) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In order to find an apartment within his budget, Xiao Wang visited almost all the house agencies in the neighbourhood, but got none. 【解析】 【详解】“为了……”可翻译为in order to​ do sth.，后接动词原形find“找到”；“一间在自己预算范围的公寓”译为an apartment within his budget。“小王”译为Xiao Wang，作主语；“几乎走遍了这个街区所有的房产中介”可译为visited almost all the house agencies in the neighbourhood，visit为句子的谓语动词；“但一无所获”用并列连词but​连接，译为but got none；句子描述过去发生的事，句子用一般过去时态。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一本英语杂志上读到一篇关于青少年心理状态的文章，文中提出与 20 年前的青少年相比，如今的青少年更不快乐。你对此观点很感兴趣，写一篇文章给该杂志“读者来信”专栏，内容须包括： 1) 你是否赞同这一观点；2) 你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Dear Editor, I am writing in response to your recent article concerning teenagers’ mental state, and I wholeheartedly agree with the author’s viewpoint that adolescents today are less happy than those of 20 years ago. First and foremost, contemporary teenagers are confronted with unprecedented academic and social pressures. The relentless pursuit of academic excellence often leaves them physically exhausted and mentally overwhelmed. Secondly, the pervasive influence of social media is a primary catalyst for this unhappiness. Constant exposure to curated and idealized online content triggers severe social comparison and anxiety, making teenagers feel inadequate about their own lives. In conclusion, the combination of intense peer pressure and digital toxicity has significantly eroded the well-being of today’s youth. It is high time that society, parents, and educators took joint actions to alleviate their burdens and prioritize their psychological health. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以高三学生李明的身份给英语杂志“读者来信”专栏投稿，就“如今青少年比20年前更不快乐”的观点表明是否赞同并陈述理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 观点：viewpoint → perspective 前所未有的：unprecedented → unparalleled 不懈的：relentless → persistent 影响：influence → effect/impact 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First and foremost, contemporary teenagers are confronted with unprecedented academic and social pressures. 拓展句：First and foremost, what contemporary teenagers are confronted with are academic and social pressures. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing in response to your recent article concerning teenagers’ mental state, and I wholeheartedly agree with the author’s viewpoint that adolescents today are less happy than those of 20 years ago.(运用了that引导的同位语从句) 【高分句型2】Constant exposure to curated and idealized online content triggers severe social comparison and anxiety, making teenagers feel inadequate about their own lives.(运用了现在分词作结果状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $