精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语学科3月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A day in the life of a teen detective Isla, aged 19, is a private detective, although one day she would like to be a world-famous actress. For now, going undercover gives her good practice at playing different roles. Private detectives are hard-working and each day is full of surprises. Isla never knows exactly what her day’s work ____1____ (involve). Sometimes she works a 16-hour day and might not finish until after midnight, or she may find that an investigation is easy ____2____ (complete) and she can go home early. It all depends on the day, but Isla likes the job’s unpredictable nature. You normally wouldn’t suspect that a schoolgirl or a Goth was observing you, but Isla can easily dress up as these characters. She’s at an age where, with the right clothes, she can look much older or younger. That’s why she is given jobs that ____3____ else at the detective agency could do. She sometimes has to check ____4____ a shop or bar is selling products to people who are underage. In other jobs, she knocks on the door of the person she’s investigating and asks them some questions for an imaginary school survey. It doesn’t get much ____5____ (easy) than that! A ____6____ (hide) camera and a voice recorder are part of Isla’s equipment. Many cases involve following people who are cheating employers by saying they are too ill to work, when in fact they are fine. One man who Isla investigated wasn’t going to work ____7____ backache. However, she found out he was playing golf every day! Photos and videos of him ____8____ (do) these activities meant his employer could give him the sack. In the past, it ____9____ (see) as a job for older men in dark raincoats and sunglasses. The image of the private detective might have changed, but in a world ____10____ crime is the same as ever, there are now job opportunities in this field for people of all ages. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. consumer B. economy C. objective D. otherwise E. preferences F. productive G. stimulate H. subconsciously I. substantial J. support K. unnecessary The Effect of Advertising Advertising is the business of trying to persuade people to buy products or services, and it has increasingly deep and wide-ranging effects on present-day society. The effects on consumer ____11____ and on the economy in general are particularly significant. It is difficult to evaluate the influence of advertising campaigns on consumer choices, but it must be ____12____ or companies would not spend so much on them. Firstly, they inform people about new products, special offers and so forth. In addition, they increase demand by showing brands being used by people like you — or by people you want to be like. This may, however, indicate that consumers are being sold ____13____ items. Secondly, some advertising works ____14____ so people don’t even know why they are choosing particular brands. Advertising is a major industry. Besides employing thousands of people itself, it does ____15____ demand for products which in turn leads to higher production and more jobs. What is more, it helps ____16____ newspapers, television channels and even top football clubs. Advertising, though, is expensive, and the cost is finally passed on to the ____17____. Also, the large salaries it pays attract some of the country’s brightest and most creative young people, who could ____18____ be employed in more productive or socially useful sections. My own view is that the biggest effect of advertising is on the ____19____ as it creates employment both directly and indirectly. Its influence on what people choose may have been exaggerated (夸张), especially as nowadays more ____20____ sources of information about products are available online. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Antibiotics have been one of humanity’s success stories for hundreds of years. They are responsible both for saving the lives of millions of patients and for helping scientists to take enormous steps in the fields of medical and surgical treatment. But this success has come ____21____. The growing resistance of many bacteria to the curative effects of antibiotics is such a(n) ____22____ that it has been referred to, in some quarters, as the greater threat to our continued existence on earth. We have become ____23____, it is argued, not only in our reliance on the quick fix of medicine if we feel even slightly under the weather, but also in taking the availability of antibiotics for granted, using them ____24____, not following the prescribed dosage (规定的剂量). This has given rise to a new form of superbacteria, a type which is able to ____25____ antibiotic treatment with ease. Although their resistance to antibiotics has been built up over a long period of time, bacteria actually reproduce extraordinarily quickly, and any resistance developed is also duplicable (可复制的) as they divide. In addition, those bacteria carrying resistance genes happen to spread those genes further through “horizontal gene transfer”, a process in which one bacterium passes on the resistance gene to another without even needing to be its parent. What makes the spread of these genes more difficult to ____26____ is that it occurs in a cyclical process. In the case of humans, when a person becomes infected and the resistant bacteria set up home in the digestive system, the ____27____ has two choices: look for help or stay at home. In seeking medical assistance, whether through an appointment to visit their local doctor, or taking themselves to ____28____, they contaminate (污染) other patients. The resistant bacteria then spread out into the local community. This is ____29____ the end result if the infected person decides not to seek any medical assistance at all: they keep the bacteria at home and allow them to breed without ____30____. That said, there is always something that can be done to ____31____ any risk, however much of a lost cause it might seem. In 2014, after accumulating data from 114 countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a set of guidelines intended to handle the increasing problem of ____32____. Doctors were advised to avoid prescribing antibiotics as much and as often as possible. Only when treatment is absolutely necessary should they ____33____ doing so, while the greatest of care should be taken to ensure that the antibiotics they provide are the correct ones to treat the illness. ____34____, the general public must play their part by only taking antibiotics as prescribed by a doctor. Additionally, they should never share their medication with others or — ____35____ as it may seem that this would need to be stated — buy drugs online. 21. A. with an aim B. for a reason C. at a price D. in a way 22. A. proof B. picture C. alternative D. concern 23. A. interested B. disappointed C. successful D. careless 24. A. incorrectly B. impatiently C. intelligently D. immediately 25. A. take over B. fight off C. turn out D. put up 26. A. predict B. control C. adjust D. define 27. A. bacterium B. process C. sufferer D. gene 28. A. society B. school C. work D. hospital 29. A. also B. seldom C. instead D. otherwise 30. A. hesitation B. treatment C. doubt D. assistance 31. A. estimate B. minimize C. confirm D. claim 32. A. resistance B. accumulation C. infection D. extension 33. A. give up B. look into C. put off D. turn to 34. A. To date B. On average C. In turn D. By nature 35. A. annoying B. relieving C. astonishing D. refreshing Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Fancy an evening at the theatre but can’t face sitting here for hours? Theatre companies will happily stream performances live. Want to see a band but put off by the ticket prices? No worries. Many mainstream bands allow their concerts to be streamed free of charge. Now galleries are getting in on the act too, enabling sofa-bound art lovers to wander around the world’s greatest art institutions. But is it really the same as seeing paintings in person? I decided to find out. My first stop is the Uffizi in Florence, where I am immediately deposited in front of Botticelli’s fifteenth-century Birth of Venus. In technological terms, it’s very impressive. I can see every bump and line in the surface of the paint. If I were there in person, I would need one magnifying glass to view it like this. It occurs to me that Botticelli would never have seen it in such detail and I wonder what he would have thought of us all marvelling at every piece of paint on the internet. Next, I head to the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid, one of my favourite galleries. I enjoy myself racing past sculptures and going eyeball to eyeball with portraits in a manner that would annoy me if I were actually there. There’s a lot to be said for viewing art this way. Admission is free and there aren’t any queues. Plus, you won’t have to listen to the fellow visitors as they loudly broadcast their knowledge of surrealism. But it’s no substitute for the real thing. Billions of pixels (像素) can’t accurately transmit the scale or colour or atmosphere of a painting, or convey the sense of wonder you feel when standing in front of it. And only in a gallery do you have the opportunity to shut out the rest of the world, engage with a work and view it in context. My enduring thought, while strolling around the Reina Sofia online, is how much nicer it would be if I were actually in Madrid. Lying on the sofa, with computers, phones and remote controls all within easy reach, is my setting. But when it comes to art appreciation, even a slob like me can recognise the basic requirement to leave the house. It’s a bit like watching holidays on TV. Yes, you can cut out the sweat, the aching legs and the mosquitoes. By staying at home, you can take in the finest views. But it’s just not the same if you can’t feel the sun on your face. 36. What point is the writer making about Birth of Venus in the second paragraph? A. Modern technology reveals the flaws in the painter’s technique. B. She enjoyed it more when she actually went to the art gallery. C. We can examine it more closely than the artist himself could. D. The painting lacks interest when seen over the Internet. 37. What, according to the writer, is a disadvantage of going to an art gallery in person? A. There is a risk of being disturbed by people trying to show off. B. It is impossible to concentrate on paintings because of distractions. C. There are often too many paintings of famous people from the past. D. You may be tempted to spend more time seeing the city than the gallery. 38. The pronoun “it” in the first sentence of paragraph 4 refers to ________. A. a knowledge of surrealism B. an online visit to a gallery C. the sense of wonder D. free admission 39. The writer compares online art with holidays on TV to show that ________. A. appreciating art is more relaxing than going on holiday B. art appreciation is less popular than watching TV C. art cannot be fully appreciated from a distance D. to appreciate art it is best to see it in sunny countries （B） “There was a desert wind blowing... it was one of those hot dry Santa Anas that come down through the mountain passes and curl your hair and make your nerves jump...” Raymond Chandler’s 1938 short story “Red Wind” captures the “devil winds” of Los Angeles that at times seem to drive people mad. But if you think that’s just a lot of hot air, think again. “Human responses to the Santa Anas have been shown to be generally unfavorable,” says Dennis Driscoll, a professor at Texas A&M University. “We don’t know why. It may have something to do with the electrical charges and an increase in positive ions (离子). At least, that’s the theory.” What else can the weather do to your mood? Here’s a forecast: Cold Snap: Lawrence Palinkas, professor at the University of Southern California, has studied the impact of extremely cold temperatures on Antarctic researchers. “We’ve noticed an increase in anger after long exposure,” he says, although he believes isolation plays a part. “In addition, thyroid hormones (甲状腺激素) are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. People sometimes exhibit symptoms of depression, short-term memory loss, and anxiety.” And last year, some Canadian newspapers started using the term snow rage. “At the end of March 2019, we'd had over 16 feet of snow,” says Catherine Viel, with the Quebec City Police. “During that month, we had several incidents, like a man who threatened his neighbor because someone had blown snow onto his lawn.” Hot-headed: Heat waves really can make tempers boil. In fact, from 1950 to 1995, rates of serious attacks were higher during hotter years, according to research in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in 1997. The authors suggest that uncomfortably high temperatures increase annoyance-related crimes, in which the primary goal is to hurt someone. (Crimes like burglary, where the incentive is money, did not increase.) They predicted at least 115,000 additional serious and fatal attacks a year in the United States due to global warming. Spring Fever: “We studied about 600 people and found that in springtime, sunny days and warm weather seem to boost mood and have a broadening effect on cognition, basically opening the mind to new ideas,” says Matthew Keller, assistant professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder. “You just have to get outside.” 40. By “that’s the theory”, Dennis Driscoll implies ________. A. the explanation he gives hasn't been proved true B. there is no sufficient theory to explain the phenomenon C. the Santa Anas have been the focus of research for some time D. there are many electrical charges and positive ions in the Santa Anas 41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Those who like getting outside perform better academically. B. Crimes intended for money are more likely to happen in hot days. C. The global warming may be to blame for the increase in fatal attacks. D. Thyroid hormones have nothing to do with symptoms like depression. 42. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Can the Weather Drive You Crazy? B. Can You Be More Open-Minded in the Spring? C. How Can the Weather Affect You Physically? D. How Can You Use the Weather to Lift Your Mood? （C） No spacecraft will ever land on the surface of the sun, but next year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to its fires than ever before in a mission that represents a big development not just for scientists but, potentially, for everyone else. NASA plans to launch a probe (航天探测器) that will journey nearly 90 million miles, eventually flying within 3.8 million miles of the sun. The Parker Solar Probe is expected to reach the sun’s outer envelope of fiery gases, known as the corona, by November, providing new insights not only into our home star but into all stars — which is no small thing, given that the closest star system is an unreachable four light-years away. That’s 24 trillion miles. The sun, just 93 million miles away, is well within our reach. After its launch, the unmanned spacecraft will enter a preliminary solar orbit (初步太阳轨道) and then make seven flybys of Venus, using the planet’s gravity to edge closer and closer to the sun. The ship will finally be so close that it will make a single trip around the sun in just 88 days — a quick trip compared with Earth’s 365 days. At its peak speeds, the Parker Solar Probe will move fast enough to get from Philadelphia to Washington in a second. While temperatures in the corona can reach 1 million °F, the probe will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2,500 °F. Still, that’s four times as hot as the melting point of lead — a heavy heat load for a spacecraft that will cost $1.5 billion to build, launch and operate. But a 4.5-inch heat shield will allow the probe’s camera and scientific instruments to operate at a comfortable room temperature. NASA says the data it collects could provide insight into the physics of stars at large. Our sun may be special to us, but it’s rather common in the sweep of space; the better we understand how it works, the better we understand all stars of its mass and color. Perhaps most important is what the probe may reveal about the cause and nature of solar storms. During solar storms, charged particles (微粒) streaming through the solar system can disable communications satellites and shut down electrical grids over vast areas of the planet. A National Academy of Sciences study revealed that a particularly violent storm could cause up to $2 trillion in damage in the U.S. alone and black out the Eastern seaboard for a year. A better understanding of what causes the storms might enable us to predict them — and protect ourselves in advance. That could make even a mission with a billion-plus price tag one of NASA’s great bargains. 43. Why is an understanding of the sun important? A. It enables us to know about similar but inaccessible stars. B. It makes it possible for us to use the planets’ gravity in a wise way. C. It helps to reveal the accurate distance between the Earth and the sun. D. It provides insights into why there are living creatures in the solar system. 44. Philadelphia and Washington are mentioned in paragraph 2 in order to ________. A. stress how close the probe might be to the sun B. illustrate the greatest speed at which the probe moves C. inform readers of how fast the probe moves on average D. explain why the probe needs to finish its trip in 88 days 45. What does the writer imply about NASA’s mission to the sun in the last two paragraphs? A. It may be well worth its high costs. B. It may stop solar storms from happening. C. It may tell us what solar storms will lead to. D. It may find where charged particles can’t arrive. 46. Which of the following statements is true of the probe? A. It is linked to a camera on the earth. B. It will circle the sun at a steady speed. C. It is one of NASA’s projects to explore the sun. D. It cannot stand the temperature of over 2,500 °F. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Magic of Folk Tales Folk tales are traditional stories created by ordinary people. ____47____ Long before most people could read or write, story-tellers would share tales at gatherings, around fires or during festivals. ____48____ Only much later were they written down. Every culture has its own folk-tale tradition. Early story-tellers did not stick to one fixed text. ____49____ The main plots stayed the same, but names, places and small events were adjusted. This is why we can find similar stories in different countries, yet with local differences. Folk tales served many purposes in old societies. ____50____ Instead of saying “be brave”, a folk-tale would show a character facing frightening difficulties and succeeding. Children learned right and wrong through enjoying exciting adventures. Folk tales also provided entertainment for grown-ups. Nowadays, films and social media provide most of our entertainment. Folk tales are less popular. Still, they remain a valuable cultural treasure. A. They told wonderful stories about heroes and magic creatures. B. These stories were passed down orally for hundreds of years. C. Today, many of these old folk tales are forgotten. D. However, they changed details to suit their own times. E. Folk tales can teach values without direct lectures. F. So folk tales existed long before printed books appeared. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Greentech John Doerr is known as a “money man” in Silicon Valley, where he invested in big companies like Amazon and Google. But Doerr is also passionate about saving the planet. He and his business colleagues have spent a lot of time studying “green technology.” He has learned that when businesses and individuals make even small changes in the way they use energy, it can have a big impact on the planet. Doerr believes that businesses, individuals, and governments all need to be involved to solve environmental problems, and that it will require innovations. One of the biggest changes everyone can make, Doerr says, is to switch the light bulbs in their houses to energy-efficient bulbs. These light bulbs use three to five times less energy than regular light bulbs, which reduces CO2 emissions, and they last much longer — some can last up to eight years! They are more expensive than regular bulbs, but the energy they save over time makes up for the difference in price. Doerr recommends using more renewable biofuels in our cars and trucks. Very few vehicles in the world run on these special fuels right now. However, some countries are making it easier for drivers to use them. In Brazil, for example, about 40% of vehicles use biofuels, which keeps millions of tons of CO2 out of the air. And researchers are working to develop better biofuels all the time, which will save more energy, keep the air cleaner, and make the planet healthier. Companies can make changes that impact the environment, too. A large chain of stores painted the roofs of about 25% of their buildings white and installed skylights. As a result, they saved money on lighting and air-conditioning, and reduced the CO2 emissions associated with those energy uses. “In order to make decisions that will affect the future in positive ways, we need to know as consumers how much our choices cost, ”Doerr says. “Those costs can be financial, like the price of a light bulb or a liter of fuel, or they can be environmental.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 初春的清晨外出散步，特别惬意。(It) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 53. 年迈的父亲每天都在盼望着他能回来。(look forward) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 54. 冬季往往是流感肆虐的季节，我们更需要提高警惕，做好必要的预防措施。(when) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 55. 尽管多任务处理费时费力，但许多工人说他们经常被要求同时完成许多任务。(waste) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校计划在图书馆内新购一批图书，特向全校师生征集意见，给图书馆写一封邮件，内容须包括： 1．你推荐图书馆新购何书； 2．简要描述该书的内容； 3．你推荐该书的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A day in the life of a teen detective Isla, aged 19, is a private detective, although one day she would like to be a world-famous actress. For now, going undercover gives her good practice at playing different roles. Private detectives are hard-working and each day is full of surprises. Isla never knows exactly what her day’s work ____1____ (involve). Sometimes she works a 16-hour day and might not finish until after midnight, or she may find that an investigation is easy ____2____ (complete) and she can go home early. It all depends on the day, but Isla likes the job’s unpredictable nature. You normally wouldn’t suspect that a schoolgirl or a Goth was observing you, but Isla can easily dress up as these characters. She’s at an age where, with the right clothes, she can look much older or younger. That’s why she is given jobs that ____3____ else at the detective agency could do. She sometimes has to check ____4____ a shop or bar is selling products to people who are underage. In other jobs, she knocks on the door of the person she’s investigating and asks them some questions for an imaginary school survey. It doesn’t get much ____5____ (easy) than that! A ____6____ (hide) camera and a voice recorder are part of Isla’s equipment. Many cases involve following people who are cheating employers by saying they are too ill to work, when in fact they are fine. One man who Isla investigated wasn’t going to work ____7____ backache. However, she found out he was playing golf every day! Photos and videos of him ____8____ (do) these activities meant his employer could give him the sack. In the past, it ____9____ (see) as a job for older men in dark raincoats and sunglasses. The image of the private detective might have changed, but in a world ____10____ crime is the same as ever, there are now job opportunities in this field for people of all ages. 【答案】1. will involve 2. to complete 3. nobody 4. whether##if 5. easier 6. hidden 7. due to 8. doing 9. was seen 10. where 【解析】 【导语】19岁少女伊丝拉是一名私家侦探，依靠外形优势完成各类卧底调查。如今侦探行业形象改变，各个年龄段的人都能从事这份工作。 【1题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：伊丝拉永远无法确切知道她一天的工作会包含什么。此处考查谓语动词， her day’s work与involve为主动关系，根据句中never knows exactly可知，她无法预知将要发生的工作内容，用一般将来时，所以填will involve。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有时她一天要工作16个小时，可能午夜之后才能结束，或者她会发现一项调查很容易完成，她可以早点回家。此处固定结构：主语 + be + 形容词 + to do，用不定式主动形式表被动含义，所以填to complete。 【3题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：这就是侦探社里交给她一些其他人都做不了的任务的原因。根据前文“She’s at an age where, with the right clothes, she can look much older or younger.”可知，这个优势是别人没有的，nobody else表示“没有其他人”，符合语境。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：有时候她需要核查一家商店或者酒吧是否向未成年人售卖商品。此处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，用whether或者if。 【5题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：没有比这更容易的事了！后面有than，要用形容词easy的比较级easier。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一台隐藏式摄像机和一支录音笔是伊丝拉装备的一部分。此处为非谓语，camera和hide是被动关系，用过去分词hidden作定语，表示“被隐藏的”。 【7题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：伊丝拉调查的一名男子因为背痛不去上班。分析句子结构可知，此处应填介词短语due to，意为“因为，由于”，后接名词backache，表原因。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他进行这些活动的照片和视频意味着他的雇主可以解雇他。此处为非谓语，him和do是主动关系，此处现在分词doing作后置定语。 【9题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在过去，这份工作被看作是穿着深色雨衣、戴着墨镜的年长男性做的工作。此处为谓语动词，主语it和see是被动关系，in the past表示过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，所以应填was seen。 【10题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：私家侦探的形象或许已经改变，但在一个犯罪一如既往存在的世界里，这个行业现在给各个年龄段的人提供了工作机会。此处为定语从句，先行词是a world，表抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. consumer B. economy C. objective D. otherwise E. preferences F. productive G. stimulate H. subconsciously I. substantial J. support K. unnecessary The Effect of Advertising Advertising is the business of trying to persuade people to buy products or services, and it has increasingly deep and wide-ranging effects on present-day society. The effects on consumer ____11____ and on the economy in general are particularly significant. It is difficult to evaluate the influence of advertising campaigns on consumer choices, but it must be ____12____ or companies would not spend so much on them. Firstly, they inform people about new products, special offers and so forth. In addition, they increase demand by showing brands being used by people like you — or by people you want to be like. This may, however, indicate that consumers are being sold ____13____ items. Secondly, some advertising works ____14____ so people don’t even know why they are choosing particular brands. Advertising is a major industry. Besides employing thousands of people itself, it does ____15____ demand for products which in turn leads to higher production and more jobs. What is more, it helps ____16____ newspapers, television channels and even top football clubs. Advertising, though, is expensive, and the cost is finally passed on to the ____17____. Also, the large salaries it pays attract some of the country’s brightest and most creative young people, who could ____18____ be employed in more productive or socially useful sections. My own view is that the biggest effect of advertising is on the ____19____ as it creates employment both directly and indirectly. Its influence on what people choose may have been exaggerated (夸张), especially as nowadays more ____20____ sources of information about products are available online. 【答案】11. E 12. I 13. K 14. H 15. G 16. J 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文剖析广告的多重影响，既刺激需求、带动经济，也存在弊端，作者认为其对经济的作用最为突出。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：广告对消费者偏好以及整体经济产生的影响尤为重大。此空应填名词，根据“The effects on consumer”可知，此处指消费者的选择喜好。preferences，表“偏好，喜好”，符合“广告影响消费者喜好”的语境。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：很难评估广告宣传活动对消费者选择的影响，但这种影响肯定是实实在在的，否则企业不会在广告上投入巨额资金。此空应填形容词作表语，根据“or companies would not spend so much on them”可知，此处指广告的影响是真实可观的。substantial，表“大量的，实实在在的”，符合“广告具备切实影响力”的语境。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，这或许表明消费者被推销了不必要的商品。此空应填形容词修饰名词items，根据上下文广告诱导消费可知，此处指买到并非必需的物品。unnecessary，表“不必要的”，符合“广告推销非必需商品”的语境。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：其次，有些广告在潜意识层面起作用，人们甚至不知道自己为何会选择特定品牌。此空应填副词修饰动词works，根据“so people don’t even know why they are choosing particular brands”可知，此处指在无意识状态下发挥作用。subconsciously，表“潜意识地”，符合“广告潜移默化影响人”的语境。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：广告行业除自身雇佣数千人之外，还会刺激产品需求，进而带来更高产量与更多就业岗位。此空应填动词，根据“demand for products which in turn leads to higher production and more jobs”可知，广告拉动产品需求。stimulate，表“刺激，促进”，does后接动词原形表强调，符合“广告刺激商品需求”的语境。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：此外，广告还助力扶持报社、电视频道，甚至顶级足球俱乐部。此空应填动词，根据“newspapers, television channels and even top football clubs”可知，广告为这些机构提供资金支撑。support，表“支持，扶持”，固定搭配 help do sth.，后接动词原形，符合“广告为各类机构提供经济支撑”的语境。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：不过广告成本高昂，这笔开销最终会转嫁到消费者身上。此空应填名词作介词to的宾语，根据“the cost is finally passed on to”可知，此处指成本由消费者承担。consumer，表“消费者”，符合“广告成本转嫁给消费者”的语境。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：同时广告行业的高薪吸引国内许多才华出众、富有创造力的年轻人，不然这些人本可以投身更有产出、对社会更有益的领域。此空应填副词，根据“be employed in more productive or socially useful sections”可知，此处表达另一种可能性。otherwise，表“否则，要不然”，符合“年轻人本可从事其他行业”的语境。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：我个人认为广告最大的影响体现在经济层面，因为它直接和间接创造就业机会。此空应填名词作介词on的宾语，根据“as it creates employment both directly and indirectly”可知，此处谈论对经济的作用。economy，表“经济”，符合“广告对经济产生重大作用”的语境。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：广告对人们选择的影响或许被夸大了，尤其是如今网上可以获取更多客观的产品信息。此空应填形容词修饰名词sources，根据“sources of information about products are available online”可知，此处指网上客观的产品信息。objective，表“客观的”，符合“网络有客观产品信息可供参考”的语境。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Antibiotics have been one of humanity’s success stories for hundreds of years. They are responsible both for saving the lives of millions of patients and for helping scientists to take enormous steps in the fields of medical and surgical treatment. But this success has come ____21____. The growing resistance of many bacteria to the curative effects of antibiotics is such a(n) ____22____ that it has been referred to, in some quarters, as the greater threat to our continued existence on earth. We have become ____23____, it is argued, not only in our reliance on the quick fix of medicine if we feel even slightly under the weather, but also in taking the availability of antibiotics for granted, using them ____24____, not following the prescribed dosage (规定的剂量). This has given rise to a new form of superbacteria, a type which is able to ____25____ antibiotic treatment with ease. Although their resistance to antibiotics has been built up over a long period of time, bacteria actually reproduce extraordinarily quickly, and any resistance developed is also duplicable (可复制的) as they divide. In addition, those bacteria carrying resistance genes happen to spread those genes further through “horizontal gene transfer”, a process in which one bacterium passes on the resistance gene to another without even needing to be its parent. What makes the spread of these genes more difficult to ____26____ is that it occurs in a cyclical process. In the case of humans, when a person becomes infected and the resistant bacteria set up home in the digestive system, the ____27____ has two choices: look for help or stay at home. In seeking medical assistance, whether through an appointment to visit their local doctor, or taking themselves to ____28____, they contaminate (污染) other patients. The resistant bacteria then spread out into the local community. This is ____29____ the end result if the infected person decides not to seek any medical assistance at all: they keep the bacteria at home and allow them to breed without ____30____. That said, there is always something that can be done to ____31____ any risk, however much of a lost cause it might seem. In 2014, after accumulating data from 114 countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a set of guidelines intended to handle the increasing problem of ____32____. Doctors were advised to avoid prescribing antibiotics as much and as often as possible. Only when treatment is absolutely necessary should they ____33____ doing so, while the greatest of care should be taken to ensure that the antibiotics they provide are the correct ones to treat the illness. ____34____, the general public must play their part by only taking antibiotics as prescribed by a doctor. Additionally, they should never share their medication with others or — ____35____ as it may seem that this would need to be stated — buy drugs online. 21. A. with an aim B. for a reason C. at a price D. in a way 22. A. proof B. picture C. alternative D. concern 23. A. interested B. disappointed C. successful D. careless 24. A. incorrectly B. impatiently C. intelligently D. immediately 25. A. take over B. fight off C. turn out D. put up 26. A. predict B. control C. adjust D. define 27. A. bacterium B. process C. sufferer D. gene 28. A. society B. school C. work D. hospital 29. A. also B. seldom C. instead D. otherwise 30. A. hesitation B. treatment C. doubt D. assistance 31. A. estimate B. minimize C. confirm D. claim 32. A. resistance B. accumulation C. infection D. extension 33. A. give up B. look into C. put off D. turn to 34. A. To date B. On average C. In turn D. By nature 35. A. annoying B. relieving C. astonishing D. refreshing 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C 【解析】 【导语】抗生素挽救无数生命，但滥用催生耐药超级细菌。世卫组织出台指引，要求医生谨慎开方、民众规范用药，以此降低耐药风险。 【21题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：但这份成功是有代价的。A. with an aim带着目的；B. for a reason因为某个原因；C. at a price付出代价；D. in a way在某种程度上。根据后文“The growing resistance of many bacteria to the curative effects of antibiotics”可知，抗生素带来成功的同时也产生细菌耐药性这一难题，所以说这份成功是有代价的。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：许多细菌对抗生素疗效的耐药性日益增强，这一问题令人担忧，在一些领域，它被称作对人类持续生存的更大威胁。A. proof证据；B. picture画面；C. alternative可供选择的事物；D. concern令人担忧的事。根据后文“as the greater threat to our continued existence on earth”可知，细菌耐药是一大隐患，即令人担忧的事。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有人认为，我们已经变得粗心大意：不仅稍有不适就依赖药物快速缓解，还把抗生素的易得视作理所当然，错误使用，不按规定剂量服用。A. interested感兴趣的；B. disappointed失望的；C. successful成功的；D. careless粗心的。根据后文“not following the prescribed dosage (规定的剂量)”可知，人们使用抗生素时很随意、不规范，careless贴合语境。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：有人认为，我们已经变得粗心大意：不仅稍有不适就依赖药物快速缓解，还把抗生素的易得视作理所当然，错误使用，不按规定剂量服用。A. incorrectly错误地；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C. intelligently明智地；D. immediately立刻。根据后文“not following the prescribed dosage (规定的剂量)”可知，这是错误的使用方式。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这催生了新型超级细菌，这类细菌可以轻易抵御抗生素的治疗。A. take over接管；B. fight off抵御；C. turn out结果是；D. put up张贴。根据第一段“The growing resistance of many bacteria to the curative effects of antibiotics”可知，此处指超级细菌能够抵抗抗生素。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：让这些耐药基因更难控制的是，它们以循环方式传播。A. predict预测；B. control控制；C. adjust调整；D. define下定义。根据后文“they contaminate (污染) other patients.”描述耐药细菌不断传播感染他人可知，此处指这种传播很难管控。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：以人类为例，当一个人被感染，耐药细菌在消化系统定植后，这名患者有两个选择：寻求帮助或者待在家里。A. bacterium细菌；B. process过程；C. sufferer患者；D. gene基因。根据前文“when a person becomes infected”以及语境可知，这里指被感染的人，sufferer贴合语境。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：寻求医疗帮助，无论是预约当地医生，还是前往医院，他们都会传染其他病人。A. society社会；B. school学校；C. work工作场所；D. hospital医院。根据前文“seeking medical assistance”以及后文“other patients”可知，就医会去到医院。 【29题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果感染者选择完全不寻求医疗帮助，这也会造成最终的后果：细菌留在其体内，不受治疗地繁殖。A. also也；B. seldom很少；C. instead相反；D. otherwise否则。根据后文“they keep the bacteria at home and allow them to breed without 　　　　.”可知，此处说明不就医同样会带来不良结果。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果感染者选择完全不寻求医疗帮助，这也会造成最终的后果：细菌留在其体内，不受治疗地繁殖。A. hesitation犹豫；B. treatment治疗；C. doubt怀疑；D. assistance帮助。根据前文“decides not to seek any medical assistance at all”可知，此处指没有治疗干预，treatment贴合语境。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管看起来像是无力回天，但我们总能采取一些措施把风险降到最低。A. estimate估计；B. minimize使最小化；C. confirm确认；D. claim宣称。根据后文“World Health Organization (WHO) issued a set of guidelines intended to handle the increasing problem”可知，此处描述世卫组织出台指导方案应对耐药问题，由此可知，措施是为了降低风险。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：2014年，世卫组织收集114个国家的数据后，发布一套指导方案，旨在处理日益严重的耐药性问题。A. resistance耐药性；B. accumulation积累；C. infection感染；D. extension延伸。根据第一段“The growing resistance of many bacteria to the curative effects of antibiotics”以及语境可知，全文核心话题细菌对抗生素的耐药性，resistance是原词复现。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：只有在治疗绝对必要时，医生才转而开具抗生素，同时务必谨慎，保证所用抗生素对症。A. give up放弃；B. look into调查；C. put off推迟；D. turn to转向，求助于。根据前文“Doctors were advised to avoid prescribing antibiotics as much and as often as possible”可知，此处指尽量不开，必要时才求助于抗生素，turn to贴合语境。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：反过来，普通民众也需要尽自己的一份力，只遵医嘱服用抗生素。A. To date迄今为止；B. On average平均；C. In turn反过来；D. By nature本质上。前文“Doctors were advised to avoid prescribing antibiotics”讲医生该怎么做，后文讲民众的责任，是对应衔接，In turn贴合语境。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：此外，他们绝不能和别人分享药物，还有一件听上去令人吃惊、却仍需要重申的事：不要在网上购药。A. annoying恼人的；B. relieving令人宽慰的；C. astonishing令人吃惊的；D. refreshing耳目一新的。根据后文“as it may seem that this would need to be stated”以及语境可知，这件本该不必强调的事却要提醒，让人觉得意外吃惊，astonishing贴合语境。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Fancy an evening at the theatre but can’t face sitting here for hours? Theatre companies will happily stream performances live. Want to see a band but put off by the ticket prices? No worries. Many mainstream bands allow their concerts to be streamed free of charge. Now galleries are getting in on the act too, enabling sofa-bound art lovers to wander around the world’s greatest art institutions. But is it really the same as seeing paintings in person? I decided to find out. My first stop is the Uffizi in Florence, where I am immediately deposited in front of Botticelli’s fifteenth-century Birth of Venus. In technological terms, it’s very impressive. I can see every bump and line in the surface of the paint. If I were there in person, I would need one magnifying glass to view it like this. It occurs to me that Botticelli would never have seen it in such detail and I wonder what he would have thought of us all marvelling at every piece of paint on the internet. Next, I head to the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid, one of my favourite galleries. I enjoy myself racing past sculptures and going eyeball to eyeball with portraits in a manner that would annoy me if I were actually there. There’s a lot to be said for viewing art this way. Admission is free and there aren’t any queues. Plus, you won’t have to listen to the fellow visitors as they loudly broadcast their knowledge of surrealism. But it’s no substitute for the real thing. Billions of pixels (像素) can’t accurately transmit the scale or colour or atmosphere of a painting, or convey the sense of wonder you feel when standing in front of it. And only in a gallery do you have the opportunity to shut out the rest of the world, engage with a work and view it in context. My enduring thought, while strolling around the Reina Sofia online, is how much nicer it would be if I were actually in Madrid. Lying on the sofa, with computers, phones and remote controls all within easy reach, is my setting. But when it comes to art appreciation, even a slob like me can recognise the basic requirement to leave the house. It’s a bit like watching holidays on TV. Yes, you can cut out the sweat, the aching legs and the mosquitoes. By staying at home, you can take in the finest views. But it’s just not the same if you can’t feel the sun on your face. 36. What point is the writer making about Birth of Venus in the second paragraph? A. Modern technology reveals the flaws in the painter’s technique. B. She enjoyed it more when she actually went to the art gallery. C. We can examine it more closely than the artist himself could. D. The painting lacks interest when seen over the Internet. 37. What, according to the writer, is a disadvantage of going to an art gallery in person? A. There is a risk of being disturbed by people trying to show off. B. It is impossible to concentrate on paintings because of distractions. C. There are often too many paintings of famous people from the past. D. You may be tempted to spend more time seeing the city than the gallery. 38. The pronoun “it” in the first sentence of paragraph 4 refers to ________. A. a knowledge of surrealism B. an online visit to a gallery C. the sense of wonder D. free admission 39. The writer compares online art with holidays on TV to show that ________. A. appreciating art is more relaxing than going on holiday B. art appreciation is less popular than watching TV C. art cannot be fully appreciated from a distance D. to appreciate art it is best to see it in sunny countries 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】作者体验线上参观美术馆，承认线上观展有便利之处，但认为线上欣赏无法替代亲临美术馆欣赏艺术品的真实感受。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It occurs to me that Botticelli would never have seen it in such detail and I wonder what he would have thought of us all marvelling at every piece of paint on the internet.(我突然想到波提切利本人都从来没有如此细致地看过这幅画，我很好奇，如果他看到我们在网上惊叹画作的每一处颜料痕迹，会作何感想。)”可知，我们借助线上方式可以比画家本人看得更仔细。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Plus, you won’t have to listen to the fellow visitors as they loudly broadcast their knowledge of surrealism.(此外，你不必听同行游客大声炫耀他们关于超现实主义的知识。)”可知，亲自去美术馆的一个弊端就是可能会被想要炫耀学识的人打扰。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“There’s a lot to be said for viewing art this way. Admission is free and there aren’t any queues. Plus, you won't have to listen to the fellow visitors as they loudly broadcast their knowledge of surrealism. But it’s no substitute for the real thing.(用这种方式欣赏艺术有不少优点。免费入场而且不用排队。此外，你不必听同行游客大声炫耀他们关于超现实主义的知识。但它无法替代亲临现场观展。)”可知，这里的 it 指代线上参观美术馆。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Yes, you can cut out the sweat, the aching legs and the mosquitoes. By staying at home, you can take in the finest views. But it’s just not the same if you can’t feel the sun on your face.(没错，你可以免去汗水、腿疼和蚊虫叮咬。待在家里，你也能欣赏最美的景色。但如果你感受不到阳光洒在脸上，一切就不一样了。)”可知，作者把线上看艺术比作电视上看度假，是为了说明艺术无法隔着距离被充分欣赏。 （B） “There was a desert wind blowing... it was one of those hot dry Santa Anas that come down through the mountain passes and curl your hair and make your nerves jump...” Raymond Chandler’s 1938 short story “Red Wind” captures the “devil winds” of Los Angeles that at times seem to drive people mad. But if you think that’s just a lot of hot air, think again. “Human responses to the Santa Anas have been shown to be generally unfavorable,” says Dennis Driscoll, a professor at Texas A&M University. “We don’t know why. It may have something to do with the electrical charges and an increase in positive ions (离子). At least, that’s the theory.” What else can the weather do to your mood? Here’s a forecast: Cold Snap: Lawrence Palinkas, professor at the University of Southern California, has studied the impact of extremely cold temperatures on Antarctic researchers. “We’ve noticed an increase in anger after long exposure,” he says, although he believes isolation plays a part. “In addition, thyroid hormones (甲状腺激素) are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. People sometimes exhibit symptoms of depression, short-term memory loss, and anxiety.” And last year, some Canadian newspapers started using the term snow rage. “At the end of March 2019, we'd had over 16 feet of snow,” says Catherine Viel, with the Quebec City Police. “During that month, we had several incidents, like a man who threatened his neighbor because someone had blown snow onto his lawn.” Hot-headed: Heat waves really can make tempers boil. In fact, from 1950 to 1995, rates of serious attacks were higher during hotter years, according to research in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in 1997. The authors suggest that uncomfortably high temperatures increase annoyance-related crimes, in which the primary goal is to hurt someone. (Crimes like burglary, where the incentive is money, did not increase.) They predicted at least 115,000 additional serious and fatal attacks a year in the United States due to global warming. Spring Fever: “We studied about 600 people and found that in springtime, sunny days and warm weather seem to boost mood and have a broadening effect on cognition, basically opening the mind to new ideas,” says Matthew Keller, assistant professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder. “You just have to get outside.” 40. By “that’s the theory”, Dennis Driscoll implies ________. A. the explanation he gives hasn't been proved true B. there is no sufficient theory to explain the phenomenon C. the Santa Anas have been the focus of research for some time D. there are many electrical charges and positive ions in the Santa Anas 41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Those who like getting outside perform better academically. B. Crimes intended for money are more likely to happen in hot days. C. The global warming may be to blame for the increase in fatal attacks. D. Thyroid hormones have nothing to do with symptoms like depression. 42. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Can the Weather Drive You Crazy? B. Can You Be More Open-Minded in the Spring? C. How Can the Weather Affect You Physically? D. How Can You Use the Weather to Lift Your Mood? 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍不同天气，包括圣塔安娜风、严寒、热浪、春日暖阳，会对人的情绪、心理甚至攻击性行为产生不同影响。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“We don’t know why. It may have something to do with the electrical charges and an increase in positive ions. (我们不知道原因。这可能和电荷以及正离子增多有关。)”以及第二段“At least, that’s the theory.(至少，理论上是这样。)”可知，Dennis Driscoll暗示他给出的解释还没有被证实。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“They predicted at least 115,000 additional serious and fatal attacks a year in the United States due to global warming.(他们预测，由于全球变暖，美国每年至少会新增115000起严重及致命袭击事件。)”可知，全球变暖可能是致命袭击增多的原因。 【42题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Raymond Chandler’s 1938 short story “Red Wind” captures the “devil winds” of Los Angeles that at times seem to drive people mad.(雷蒙德・钱德勒1938年的短篇小说《红风》描绘了洛杉矶的“恶魔之风”，这种风有时仿佛能把人逼疯。)”以及后文介绍不同天气对人情绪、行为的影响可知，文章围绕天气是否会使人情绪失控展开。所以A项“Can the Weather Drive You Crazy?(天气会把你逼疯吗？)”符合语境。 （C） No spacecraft will ever land on the surface of the sun, but next year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to its fires than ever before in a mission that represents a big development not just for scientists but, potentially, for everyone else. NASA plans to launch a probe (航天探测器) that will journey nearly 90 million miles, eventually flying within 3.8 million miles of the sun. The Parker Solar Probe is expected to reach the sun’s outer envelope of fiery gases, known as the corona, by November, providing new insights not only into our home star but into all stars — which is no small thing, given that the closest star system is an unreachable four light-years away. That’s 24 trillion miles. The sun, just 93 million miles away, is well within our reach. After its launch, the unmanned spacecraft will enter a preliminary solar orbit (初步太阳轨道) and then make seven flybys of Venus, using the planet’s gravity to edge closer and closer to the sun. The ship will finally be so close that it will make a single trip around the sun in just 88 days — a quick trip compared with Earth’s 365 days. At its peak speeds, the Parker Solar Probe will move fast enough to get from Philadelphia to Washington in a second. While temperatures in the corona can reach 1 million °F, the probe will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2,500 °F. Still, that’s four times as hot as the melting point of lead — a heavy heat load for a spacecraft that will cost $1.5 billion to build, launch and operate. But a 4.5-inch heat shield will allow the probe’s camera and scientific instruments to operate at a comfortable room temperature. NASA says the data it collects could provide insight into the physics of stars at large. Our sun may be special to us, but it’s rather common in the sweep of space; the better we understand how it works, the better we understand all stars of its mass and color. Perhaps most important is what the probe may reveal about the cause and nature of solar storms. During solar storms, charged particles (微粒) streaming through the solar system can disable communications satellites and shut down electrical grids over vast areas of the planet. A National Academy of Sciences study revealed that a particularly violent storm could cause up to $2 trillion in damage in the U.S. alone and black out the Eastern seaboard for a year. A better understanding of what causes the storms might enable us to predict them — and protect ourselves in advance. That could make even a mission with a billion-plus price tag one of NASA’s great bargains. 43. Why is an understanding of the sun important? A. It enables us to know about similar but inaccessible stars. B. It makes it possible for us to use the planets’ gravity in a wise way. C. It helps to reveal the accurate distance between the Earth and the sun. D. It provides insights into why there are living creatures in the solar system. 44. Philadelphia and Washington are mentioned in paragraph 2 in order to ________. A. stress how close the probe might be to the sun B. illustrate the greatest speed at which the probe moves C. inform readers of how fast the probe moves on average D. explain why the probe needs to finish its trip in 88 days 45. What does the writer imply about NASA’s mission to the sun in the last two paragraphs? A. It may be well worth its high costs. B. It may stop solar storms from happening. C. It may tell us what solar storms will lead to. D. It may find where charged particles can’t arrive. 46. Which of the following statements is true of the probe? A. It is linked to a camera on the earth. B. It will circle the sun at a steady speed. C. It is one of NASA’s projects to explore the sun. D. It cannot stand the temperature of over 2,500 °F. 【答案】43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍 NASA 的帕克太阳探测器任务，介绍它的飞行方式、隔热设计，说明该任务有助于研究恒星、预判太阳风暴，价值巨大。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Parker Solar Probe is expected to reach the sun’s outer envelope of fiery gases, known as the corona, by November, providing new insights not only into our home star but into all stars — which is no small thing, given that the closest star system is an unreachable four light-years away.(帕克太阳探测器预计将于11月抵达太阳炽热气体的外层，即日冕，它不仅会让我们对我们的母恒星有新的认识，也会让我们了解所有恒星——考虑到距离最近的恒星系统远在4光年之外、无法抵达，这意义重大。)”可知，了解太阳有助于认识那些相似但无法抵达的恒星。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“At its peak speeds, the Parker Solar Probe will move fast enough to get from Philadelphia to Washington in a second.(在最高速度下，帕克太阳探测器的速度快到可以在一秒内从费城抵达华盛顿。)”可知，作者提到这两座城市是为了说明探测器的最高速度有多快。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“A better understanding of what causes the storms might enable us to predict them — and protect ourselves in advance. That could make even a mission with a billion-plus price tag one of NASA’s great bargains.(更好地了解太阳风暴的成因或许能让我们预测风暴，并提前做好防护。这会让这项耗资十多亿美元的任务成为美国国家航空航天局性价比很高的项目之一。)”可知，作者暗示这项任务高昂的花费或许是值得的。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“NASA plans to launch a probe (航天探测器) that will journey nearly 90 million miles, eventually flying within 3.8 million miles of the sun.(美国国家航空航天局计划发射一枚航天探测器，它将飞行近9000万英里，最终飞到距离太阳380万英里的范围内。)”可知，帕克太阳探测器是美国国家航空航天局探索太阳的项目之一。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Magic of Folk Tales Folk tales are traditional stories created by ordinary people. ____47____ Long before most people could read or write, story-tellers would share tales at gatherings, around fires or during festivals. ____48____ Only much later were they written down. Every culture has its own folk-tale tradition. Early story-tellers did not stick to one fixed text. ____49____ The main plots stayed the same, but names, places and small events were adjusted. This is why we can find similar stories in different countries, yet with local differences. Folk tales served many purposes in old societies. ____50____ Instead of saying “be brave”, a folk-tale would show a character facing frightening difficulties and succeeding. Children learned right and wrong through enjoying exciting adventures. Folk tales also provided entertainment for grown-ups. Nowadays, films and social media provide most of our entertainment. Folk tales are less popular. Still, they remain a valuable cultural treasure. A. They told wonderful stories about heroes and magic creatures. B. These stories were passed down orally for hundreds of years. C. Today, many of these old folk tales are forgotten. D. However, they changed details to suit their own times. E. Folk tales can teach values without direct lectures. F. So folk tales existed long before printed books appeared. 【答案】47. B 48. F 49. D 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍民间故事的起源、传播方式、特点以及它在过去的作用，点明它是珍贵的文化宝藏。 【47题详解】 由上文“Folk tales are traditional stories created by ordinary people.(民间故事是由普通人创作的传统故事。)”可知，后文应提到人们靠口头讲述故事，B项“These stories were passed down orally for hundreds of years.(这些故事靠口头流传了数百年。)”承接上文，引出口头传承这一特点，其中These stories指代上文Folk tales。 【48题详解】 由上文“Long before most people could read or write, story-tellers would share tales at gatherings, around fires or during festivals.(早在大多数人还不会读写的年代，讲故事的人就会在聚会时、篝火旁或是节日期间讲述各类故事。)”以及后文“Only much later were they written down.(它们直到很久之后才被记录下来。)”可知，此处应讲民间故事早于印刷书籍，F项“So folk tales existed long before printed books appeared.(所以民间故事早在印刷书籍出现之前就存在了。)”承接前文口头传播，和后文“很久之后才写下来”呼应，且后文they指代前文folk tales。 【49题详解】 由上文“Early story-tellers did not stick to one fixed text.(早期讲故事的人不会拘泥于固定文本。)”可知，此处应讲故事的人会改动细节，D项“However, they changed details to suit their own times.(然而，他们会改动细节来适配自己所处的时代。)”承接上文，they指代上文Early story-tellers。 【50题详解】 由后文“Instead of saying “be brave”, a folk-tale would show a character facing frightening difficulties and succeeding.(民间故事不会直接说“要勇敢”，而是展现角色直面可怕困境并取得成功。)”可知，此处应说明民间故事不用说教传递道理，E项“Folk tales can teach values without direct lectures.(民间故事不用直白的说教就能传递价值观。)”符合语境，引出下文内容。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Greentech John Doerr is known as a “money man” in Silicon Valley, where he invested in big companies like Amazon and Google. But Doerr is also passionate about saving the planet. He and his business colleagues have spent a lot of time studying “green technology.” He has learned that when businesses and individuals make even small changes in the way they use energy, it can have a big impact on the planet. Doerr believes that businesses, individuals, and governments all need to be involved to solve environmental problems, and that it will require innovations. One of the biggest changes everyone can make, Doerr says, is to switch the light bulbs in their houses to energy-efficient bulbs. These light bulbs use three to five times less energy than regular light bulbs, which reduces CO2 emissions, and they last much longer — some can last up to eight years! They are more expensive than regular bulbs, but the energy they save over time makes up for the difference in price. Doerr recommends using more renewable biofuels in our cars and trucks. Very few vehicles in the world run on these special fuels right now. However, some countries are making it easier for drivers to use them. In Brazil, for example, about 40% of vehicles use biofuels, which keeps millions of tons of CO2 out of the air. And researchers are working to develop better biofuels all the time, which will save more energy, keep the air cleaner, and make the planet healthier. Companies can make changes that impact the environment, too. A large chain of stores painted the roofs of about 25% of their buildings white and installed skylights. As a result, they saved money on lighting and air-conditioning, and reduced the CO2 emissions associated with those energy uses. “In order to make decisions that will affect the future in positive ways, we need to know as consumers how much our choices cost, ”Doerr says. “Those costs can be financial, like the price of a light bulb or a liter of fuel, or they can be environmental.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】John Doerr is a businessman and an environmental activist, who, together with his colleagues, calls on businesses, individuals and governments to play their roles in environmental protection. First, people can replace traditional bulbs with efficient bulbs. Second, renewable biofuels are a better choice for cars and trucks. Lastly, companies can do something to save energy use and reduce CO₂ emissions. 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍商人兼环保倡导者John Doerr和同事呼吁企业、个人、政府共同参与环保，并列举了个人使用节能灯泡、车辆使用生物燃料、企业节能减碳这几项环保措施。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Greentech John Doerr is known as a “money man” in Silicon Valley, where he invested in big companies like Amazon and Google. But Doerr is also passionate about saving the planet. He and his business colleagues have spent a lot of time studying “green technology.” ②Doerr believes that businesses, individuals, and governments all need to be involved to solve environmental problems, and that it will require innovations. ③One of the biggest changes everyone can make, Doerr says, is to switch the light bulbs in their houses to energy-efficient bulbs. ④Doerr recommends using more renewable biofuels in our cars and trucks. ⑤Companies can make changes that impact the environment, too. A large chain of stores painted the roofs of about 25% of their buildings white and installed skylights. As a result, they saved money on lighting and air-conditioning, and reduced the CO2 emissions associated with those energy uses. 2. 缜密构思 将①②整合，介绍人物身份以及他和同事的环保倡议；③提炼第一条个人举措；④提炼第二条交通方面的方案；⑤概括企业可行的环保行动。 3. 遣词造句 John Doerr is a businessman and an environmental activist, who, together with his colleagues, calls on businesses, individuals and governments to play their roles in environmental protection. First, people can replace traditional bulbs with efficient bulbs. Second, renewable biofuels are a better choice for cars and trucks. Lastly, companies can do something to save energy use and reduce CO₂ emissions. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】John Doerr is a businessman and an environmental activist, who, together with his colleagues, calls on businesses, individuals and governments to play their roles in environmental protection. (运用who引导非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型 2】Lastly, companies can do something to save energy use and reduce CO₂ emissions. (运用不定式短语to save energy use and reduce CO₂ emissions作目的状语) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 初春的清晨外出散步，特别惬意。(It) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 【答案】It is very pleasant to take a walk on an early spring morning. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是客观感受或普遍情况，全句使用一般现在时；表示“特别惬意”为主句的表语部分，使用句式It is very pleasant，其中it为形式主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“外出散步”为真正的主语，使用动词不定式to take a walk；表示“在初春的清晨”为时间状语，使用介词短语on an early spring morning。 53. 年迈的父亲每天都在盼望着他能回来。(look forward) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 【答案】His elderly father is looking forward to his return every day. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“年迈的”应用elderly，作定语；表示“父亲”应用 father，作主语；表示“盼望”应用is looking forward to，作谓语，现在进行时表达持续的期待；表示“他回来”应用his return，作介词to的宾语；表示“每天”应用every day，作时间状语。 54. 冬季往往是流感肆虐的季节，我们更需要提高警惕，做好必要的预防措施。(when) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 【答案】Winter is often the season when flu rages, so we need to be more alert and take necessary preventive measures. 【解析】 【详解】句子描述普遍存在的客观事实，用一般现在时。表示“冬季”为名词Winter；表示“是”为系动词is；表示“季节”为名词the season；“流感肆虐的季节”中先行词the season，需用提示词when引导定语从句修饰season，在从句中作时间状语，“流感肆虐”表达为flu rages；后接连词so表示“所以”连接前后两个句子，表示“需要提高警惕”应为动词短语need to be more alert；表示“做好必要的预防措施”应为动词短语take necessary preventive measures；用and连接前后两个动词。 55. 尽管多任务处理费时费力，但许多工人说他们经常被要求同时完成许多任务。(waste) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 【答案】Although multitasking wastes time and energy, many workers say they are often required to work on several tasks at the same time. 【解析】 【详解】本句描述当下普遍的职场客观现象，整体用一般现在时；Although表示“尽管”引导的让步状语从句中，表示“多任务”为名词multitasking；表示“费时费力”应为动词短语waste time and energy，主语为单数，谓语动词用wastes；主句中，表示“许多工人”应为名词短语many workers；表示“说”为动词say；后接省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句，在从句中，工人是“被要求完成任务”的承受者，和“要求”是动宾关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态are required。表示“他们经常被要求完成许多任务”可译为they are often required to work on several tasks；表示“同时”应为固定短语at the same time； V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校计划在图书馆内新购一批图书，特向全校师生征集意见，给图书馆写一封邮件，内容须包括： 1．你推荐图书馆新购何书； 2．简要描述该书的内容； 3．你推荐该书的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Librarians, I’m Li Ming, a Grade Two student from Mingqi High School. Hearing that our school library plans to purchase new books and collect suggestions from teachers and students, I’m writing to recommend The Little Prince. This book tells a warm story about a little prince traveling across different planets. During his journey, he meets various strange adults and finally lands on Earth, where he makes friends with a pilot and learns the true meaning of love and responsibility from his rose. I strongly recommend it for two reasons. First, its simple but profound language helps us improve our English reading skills easily. Besides, it teaches teenagers to cherish the people around them and keep a pure heart, which brings us valuable spiritual inspiration. I believe it will be popular among students. Thank you for taking my advice into consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学高二学生李明的身份，给图书馆写一封邮件，推荐一本适合图书馆采购的书籍，介绍书籍内容并说明推荐理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 各种各样的：various → a variety of 深刻的：profound → insightful 宝贵的：valuable → precious 考虑：take...into consideration → take...into account 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I believe it will be popular among students. 拓展句：I am convinced that it will gain great popularity among students. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Hearing that our school library plans to purchase new books and collect suggestions from teachers and students, I’m writing to recommend The Little Prince. (运用现在分词Hearing作状语及that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型 2】During his journey, he meets various strange adults and finally lands on Earth, where he makes friends with a pilot and learns the true meaning of love and responsibility from his rose. (运用where引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $