精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Rickshaws (黄包车) of Kolkata Human-powered rickshaws first appeared in Kolkata, India a century ago, and about 6,000 of them still roll through the streets today. Most of the men who pull the rickshaws are poor, aging migrants from the countryside. Their vehicles are not being made any more, and as the parts wear out, they cannot ____1____ (replace). It appears that the days of the rickshaw are nearing their end in Kolkata. Rickshaws are an important form of transportation in this city of nearly 15 million people. They are cheap and convenient. Poor and middle-class residents rely on rickshaws to move through narrow lanes in areas of the central city ____2____ public transportation is not available. Families often pay a rickshaw puller to take their children to and from school. Rickshaws also provide delivery service for hotels, shops and homes around the city, carrying everything from food for 500 wedding guests to live chickens. Ladies on shopping trips depend on rickshaw pullers ____3____ (wait) while they make several stops before returning home. Some people even use a rickshaw instead of an ambulance! ____4____ their usefulness, rickshaw pullers usually live in extreme poverty. Most of them are homeless. Some sleep in a rickshaw garage; others simply live in their rickshaws or on the street. They work for more than 12 hours at a time, ____5____ (earn) about $2.50 a day. Their top priority is paying the rent on their vehicles, and then buying food and shelter. Any extra money goes to their families. For the last ten years, the government ____6____ (try) to get rid of rickshaws. City authorities say they want to modernize Kolkata’s image. They also want to reduce traffic congestion. “We ____7____ be fair to the cars and buses that are crawling because of the rickshaws,” one city official said. ____8____ the future holds for rickshaw pullers is important. Most are 40 to 60 years old and have no other job skills. Local authorities have talked about programs to re-train the pullers. They could drive auto-rickshaws, for example, work in parking lots, or make traditional crafts. However, with nothing ____9____ (do) to start these programs, rickshaw pullers are understandably very worried about the future. “I’ll try anything, even learning a new job, ____10____ it helps my family,” one puller said. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. equivalent B. legal C. lifted D. limited E. opposite F. particularly G. present H. registration I. traced J. traditionally K. version A Brief History of Football There is no clear evidence stating where and when football was actually invented, but most historians agree that some type of ball game had been played centuries before the modern game developed in England. Football has a long and interesting history and origins of the game are ____11____ in sports played thousands of years ago in China, Egypt, Japan and Greece. Aspects of the game can be ____12____ as early as the second and third centuries BC in China. Their game, originally named “Csu Chu”, involved kicking a leather ball into a small hole. The first football games played in Britain were in the 700s and the English ____13____ of a football was made using an animal bladder (皮囊). Games were violent and injury and death were common. Despite the violence, however, they were still very popular. The game had become so popular that in the 1300s Edward III banned the sport because people were playing football rather than practising archery. This was especially important to this king, as he was preparing to go to war with Scotland. This was to be the first of many bans imposed by the kings and queens of England. In 1605 football became ____14____ and once again the sport grew in popularity. In the 1800s it became ____15____ common in private schools such as Eton, and it was only then that a set of rules was established. Until then, the game had continued to be violent, as it had had ____16____ rules and no referees (裁判). Before the 1800s, for example, it was considered normal to hit players on the ____17____ team and to damage their possessions. In 1848, on Parker’s Piece in Cambridge, these rules were developed further and a new ____18____ called the ‘Cambridge Rules’ was used by all schools, colleges and universities. Though football could be considered a male sport, women also play it. An increase in women playing the sport began during the First World War, when women did jobs ____19____ done by men. Those working in places like factories regularly met to play. Unfortunately, a ban was imposed when the war ended, but it was eventually ____20____ in the UK in 1971. In 1991 China hosted the first Women’s World Cup and in 1996 the first ever women’s football event was held at the Olympics. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Transition. It’s a pleasant word and a calming concept. It means going surely and sweetly from somewhere present to somewhere future. Unless, that is, it is newspapers’ ‘transition’ to the ___21___ world, an uncertain and highly uncomfortable process. Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher. All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more. ___22___, everyone— from web academics to print analysis—says so. Yet pause for a while and count a few little things that don’t ___23___. One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US. It ought to be ___24___, wrecked by the move to the tablets which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly. But, in fact, the rate of decline in magazine purchasing is relatively small, with subscriptions holding up strongly and advertising remarkable ___25___. As for news and current affairs magazines — which you’d expect to find in the eye of the digital storm — they had a 8.4% increase to report. In short, on both sides of the Atlantic, although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth. You can discover a ___26___ phenomenon when it comes to books, Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year. The apparent first step of transition couldn’t be ___27___. Yet, when booksellers examined the value of the physical books they sold over the last six months, they found it just 0.4% down. Screen or paper, then? It wasn’t one or the other: it was ___28___. So if sales in that area have fallen so little, perhaps the ___29___ mostly affects newspapers? Yet again, though, the messages are oddly ____30____. The latest survey of trends by the World Association of Newspapers shows that global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than ____31____ the difference. Already 360 US papers—including most of the biggest and best — have built paywalls around their products. However, the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of ____32____ package. ____33____, print is also a crucial tool in selling internet subscriptions. And its advertising rates raise between nine and ten times more money than online. Of course this huge difference isn’t ____34____ news for newspaper companies, as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive. But newspaper brands still have much of their high profile in print: a drift on the web, the job of just being ____35____ becomes far harder. 21. A. publishing B. online C. ideal D. unknown 22. A. On the other hand B. After all C. To begin with D. For instance 23. A. stop B. exist C. emerge D. fit 24. A. regulated B. advancing C. collapsing D. minimized 25. A. solid B. simple C. creative D. changeable 26. A. cultural B. common C. scientific D. similar 27. A. later B. harder C. clearer D. slower 28. A. all B. neither C. both D. either 29. A. service B. system C. crisis D. figure 30. A. right B. vague C. designed D. mixed 31. A. made up B. told apart C. took over D. held on 32. A. joint B. mysterious C. modern D. complex 33. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. What’s more D. Even so 34. A. new B. sad C. big D. good 35. A. spared B. updated C. noticed D. edited Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Dance is increasingly being introduced to anyone who is interested for both health and recreational reasons. The National Lottery is funding courses and training, as are local authorities and regional arts associations. In addition, family doctors suggest patients take dance lessons, and young footballers are learning about rhythm and balance through hip-hop lessons. Simon Dove, the Yorkshire Dance Centre’s organizer and promoter, says that attendance has doubled in the last three years. He owes this to more choice and easier access. And what a choice there is! There are 35 different lessons every week — everything from Arabic dancing to Egyptian, American tap, Asian and South African Township dance. “People like coming here because it helps you stay fit and engages your mind, enabling you to interact with others,” Simon explains. Steven Johnson, 28, is one of the company’s teachers. He goes into schools and introduces kids to jazz, street dance and hip-hop. He thinks that for the less academic, it gives them something to focus on. “Several school teachers have reported back to me that normally difficult and disruptive children have become more manageable because of the lessons. I think it is because they have found something at school that they excel at, making them more confident. The lessons also make them more aware of their bodies and how they work.” For Flo Marsden, aged 71, her weekly dance lessons play a more social role in her life. It’s the togetherness of dancing that is the best. A keep-fit class doesn’t get you so involved with others. When I go out shopping I see people from the lessons and say hello. It makes you feel you are part of a community. Dance is one of the five activities the Health Education Authority is promoting in its current Active for Life campaign, and this summer saw one of the first health and dance conferences in the UK. John Dunbar, one of the speakers, says that on a fitness level, dance can be just as effective as going on a running, and the results were the same. People are far more likely to keep up dancing rather than a running programme, so in that way it can be more suitable. So, if you’re lucky enough to have dance classes near where you live, my advice to you would be to have a go! 36. What does Simon say about the dance classes in the second paragraph? A. Some are more popular than others. B. They are the quickest way to make friends. C. They are a very sociable way to exercise. D. There is no limit to the number you can take. 37. Steven Johnson believes that dance ________. A. has grown in popularity in less academic schools B. is suitable for the less active type of child C. can be taught by ordinary school teachers D. helps children who have low self-confidence 38. Why does Flo enjoy going to dance classes? A. They have enabled her to get over her shyness. B. They provide her with a sense of belonging. C. They allow her to meet people from outside the area. D. They make her feel more relaxed than other classes. 39. According to John Dunbar, dancing ________. A. has most effect on the health of older people B. needs to be done regularly to be effective C. is much better for you than running D. motivates people more than running (B) Things David Sedaris must do before bed, if he wants a good night’s sleep: pick up litter from the streets near his home in West Sussex, England (where the local government named a garbage truck after him in appreciation), clear the sink of dirty dishes and write in his diary. Since his first entry at age 20, in 1977, Sedaris has composed 165 volumes of private commentary, which he mined for his latest work, Theft by Finding: Diaries (1977 — 2002) Have you ever read a diary you weren’t supposed to? In Chicago I found this woman’s diary in a trash can. She was one of those people searching for meaning in her life, going from one religion to another. It was one of the best books I ever read. Why are you such a diary devotee? If you told me I couldn’t write in my diary anymore, my life would be torture and I’d have to get on some kind of medication. Stranded on a desert island, I’d just write my diary in the sand with a stick. The tide would wash it away, but I’d know that I’d written it down and that would at least be something. Re-reading your own writing, did you make any discoveries? I don’t like, especially in the early years, how pretentious I was. That was hard to take. Then again, you’re 20 years old, you’re an art student, you’re going to be disgusting. It comes with the territory. You once said you’d die if anyone got their hands on your diary? Well, I would — Theft by Finding is my edit. But if you were to just go and take my diary off the shelf, I would have to kill you. And upon your death? If they said, “OK, look, you have lung cancer and you’ve got three weeks,” well, when I was reading through my diaries, I made a note on my computer of which ones I might burn. 40. Why was a truck named after David Sedaris? A. He invests in such a garbage truck. B. He seldom throws litter on the street. C. He appreciates the government’s support. D. He clears some streets at night for a long time. 41. The word “torture” is closest in meaning to ______. A. something that will serve as medication B. something that will cause great suffering C. something that will always haunt a person D. something that will be forgotten in a short time 42. Which of the following statements is true of David Sedaris? A. He will always keep his diaries to himself. B. He often gets inspired by others’ diaries. C. He loves writing diaries in the sand. D. He is satisfied with all his diaries. (C) Anti-poaching technology is becoming more advanced to protect Africa’s elephants. Elephants are illegally hunted for their valuable ivory tusks. Thousands are killed every year. Now new tools such as GPS trackers, thermal cameras and AI image analysis are helping park rangers fight poachers. One important tool is the GPS collar. Some wild elephants are fitted with these collars. The collars send location data to researchers’ computers. If an elephant group moves into high-risk areas where poachers are active, rangers receive an alarm and can rush to the spot. This allows rangers to take action before poachers strike. Thermal imaging cameras are another powerful weapon. They detect heat given off by human bodies, even in total darkness. These cameras are fixed on trees or towers across nature reserves. They can spot intruders moving around at night. The system automatically sends alerts to rangers’ mobile phones. Artificial intelligence adds another layer of protection. Camera traps take millions of photos in the wild. Sorting through all these photos used to take rangers hundreds of hours. Now AI programs can quickly separate pictures of animals from pictures of humans. They flag human-related images for human rangers to check. This saves huge amounts of time. However, technology is not a magic solution. It costs a lot of money. Equipment can break down in difficult field conditions. Poachers also keep improving their own methods. Technology works best when it is paired with local community support. Local people who understand the forest and elephant behaviour can provide vital on-the-ground information. Without community help, even the cleverest machines will have limits. 43. What function do GPS collars serve in elephant protection? A. They drive poachers away from nature reserves. B. They send warnings when elephants enter dangerous zones. C. They cure elephants injured by poachers. D. They store ivory tusks collected from poachers. 44. What advantage does AI bring to camera trap work? A. It can repair broken camera traps in the wild. B. It takes clearer photos of poachers at night. C. It speeds up the classification of massive photos. D. It can directly catch and arrest poachers. 45. What is the author’s attitude towards anti-poaching technology? A. It can solve the poaching problem completely. B. It is useless because poachers are getting smarter. C. It works best combined with local community support. D. It is cheap and easy to operate in wild conditions. 46. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. New Tech Fights to Protect African Elephants B. Why African Elephants Are Facing Extinction C. GPS: Best Tool for Wild Animal Research D. Local Communities: Heroes of Elephant Protection Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Hearing our inner voice Talking to yourself used to be a strictly private pastime. ____47____ “If you’re reading text in a newspaper or a book, you hear a voice in your own head,” says Brian Pasley at the University of California, Berkeley. “We’re trying to decode the brain activity related to that voice to create a medical tool that can allow someone who is paralysed (瘫痪的) or locked in to speak.” When you hear someone speak, sound waves activate sensory neurons (神经元) in your inner ear. These neurons pass information to areas of the brain where different aspects of the sound are interpreted as words. In a previous study, Pasley and his colleagues recorded brain activity in people who already had electrodes implanted in their brain to treat epilepsy (癫痫), while they listened to speech. ____48____ Armed with this knowledge, the team built a program that could decode the words heard based on neural activity alone. The team thought that hearing speech and thinking to oneself might spark some of the same neural signatures in the brain. They supposed that a program intended to identify speech heard out loud might also be able to identify words that are thought. To test the idea, they recorded brain activity in another seven people undergoing epilepsy surgery, while they looked at a screen that displayed text from either the Gettysburg Address or the children’s song Humpty Dumpty. ____49____ While they read the text out loud, the team worked out which neurons were reacting to what aspects of speech and generated (生成) a personalised decoder to interpret this information. The decoder was used to create a spectrogram — a visual representation of the different frequencies of sound waves heard over time. As each frequency relates to specific sounds in each word spoken, the spectrogram can be used to recreate what had been said. ____50____ Despite the neural activity from imagined or actual speech differing slightly, the decoder was able to reconstruct which words several of the volunteers were thinking, using neural activity alone. A. They then applied the decoder to the brain activity that occurred while the participants read the passages silently to themselves. B. The team found that certain neurons in the brain were only active in response to certain aspects of sound, such as a specific frequency. C. So is it possible to put it all together to create one multisensory mind-reading device? D. That’s no longer the case — researchers have “heard” our internal monologue for the first time. E. In practice, if the decoder is to be used by people who are unable to speak it would have to be trained on what they hear rather than their own speech. F. Each participant was asked to read the text aloud, read it silently in their head and then do nothing. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Internet of (Bad) Things Don’t be fooled by its boring-sounding name: the Internet of Things (IoT). Actually, the IoT is a revolution in the making. It is a global network of devices that have been connected and able to exchange data with each other. Everything from TVs to lights to cars to... well, you name it. So soon your car will drive you to your destination, find the best parking spot, tell your house when you’re returning home, get the heating and dinner on, while your wristband monitor tells your TV what mood you’re in and fixes the night’s entertainment. Can’t wait for the arrival of this day — or left cold by it? It makes no difference: it’s coming your way. Frankly, I’d rather put the central heating on myself than have that IoT knowing more about me. But that’s not my biggest concern about the IoT. Relatively speaking, they’re the good guys. What bothers me is that in the race to roll out this tech, too little is being done to keep out the bad guys. Most of the underlying technology is scarily primitive (原始的). And with time, the IoT will no doubt become the target of choice among hackers and terrorists. Security experts are warning that the IoT already links together hundreds of millions of devices that are easy to attack. The resulting threat isn’t theoretical, either: one tech company recently exposed this by using the IoT to hijack baby monitors, spy remotely and take control of home computers. Meanwhile, the IoT grows ever larger: industry estimates suggest that within five years it will have connected up 10 times more devices than there are humans on Earth. So what can we do? I believe that our best hope lies in the good old-fashioned internet. We can use this to detect and alert each other to all the devices that threaten our safety and privacy. In short, we need to flip the threat from the IoT around, and make sure big businesses know we are keeping tabs on them. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我们应该在项目开始前解决这些问题。(until) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 这篇文章解释了为什么婴儿不能看电视。(out of reach) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 我们决定把这本书重新出版，作为我们致力于保护世界各地印刷品的一部分。(commitment) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 即便在会议上提出这一建议有被开除的风险，这位员工思考再三还是决定冒险一试。(risk) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 150-180 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在你校英语报上看到了对幸福的不同方面进行评分的调查内容，你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章向“读者来信”专栏投稿，内容须包括：1) 对内容的简单描述；2) 从中得出了什么结论，并说明你是否赞同这一结论。 校英语报大致内容：In a 2003 study, researchers asked people around the world to rate how important these seven concepts are to well-being. 纵坐标 IMPORTANCE; 项目: Happiness, Health, Love, Meaning, Wealth, friendship, Attractiveness。分值: Happiness ≈ 8, Health ≈ 7.8, Love ≈ 7.8, Meaning ≈ 7.3, Wealth ≈ 6.8, Friendship ≈ 7.2, Attractiveness ≈ 6.3 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Rickshaws (黄包车) of Kolkata Human-powered rickshaws first appeared in Kolkata, India a century ago, and about 6,000 of them still roll through the streets today. Most of the men who pull the rickshaws are poor, aging migrants from the countryside. Their vehicles are not being made any more, and as the parts wear out, they cannot ____1____ (replace). It appears that the days of the rickshaw are nearing their end in Kolkata. Rickshaws are an important form of transportation in this city of nearly 15 million people. They are cheap and convenient. Poor and middle-class residents rely on rickshaws to move through narrow lanes in areas of the central city ____2____ public transportation is not available. Families often pay a rickshaw puller to take their children to and from school. Rickshaws also provide delivery service for hotels, shops and homes around the city, carrying everything from food for 500 wedding guests to live chickens. Ladies on shopping trips depend on rickshaw pullers ____3____ (wait) while they make several stops before returning home. Some people even use a rickshaw instead of an ambulance! ____4____ their usefulness, rickshaw pullers usually live in extreme poverty. Most of them are homeless. Some sleep in a rickshaw garage; others simply live in their rickshaws or on the street. They work for more than 12 hours at a time, ____5____ (earn) about $2.50 a day. Their top priority is paying the rent on their vehicles, and then buying food and shelter. Any extra money goes to their families. For the last ten years, the government ____6____ (try) to get rid of rickshaws. City authorities say they want to modernize Kolkata’s image. They also want to reduce traffic congestion. “We ____7____ be fair to the cars and buses that are crawling because of the rickshaws,” one city official said. ____8____ the future holds for rickshaw pullers is important. Most are 40 to 60 years old and have no other job skills. Local authorities have talked about programs to re-train the pullers. They could drive auto-rickshaws, for example, work in parking lots, or make traditional crafts. However, with nothing ____9____ (do) to start these programs, rickshaw pullers are understandably very worried about the future. “I’ll try anything, even learning a new job, ____10____ it helps my family,” one puller said. 【答案】1. be replaced 2. where 3. to wait 4. Despite 5. earning 6. has been trying 7. must 8. What 9. done 10. as long as 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了加尔各答人力黄包车的现状：它仍是当地重要的交通工具，但车夫生活贫困，政府试图取缔，导致车夫对未来充满担忧。 【1题详解】 考查语态。句意：这些车辆已不再生产，随着零件磨损，它们无法被更换。replace(更换)与主语they(指车辆)之间是被动关系，车辆“被更换”，应用被动语态；情态动词cannot后接be动词原形。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在市中心公共交通无法到达的狭窄街巷，贫困和中等收入居民依靠黄包车出行。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是areas，从句中public transportation is not available结构完整，关系词作地点状语，用关系副词where。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：外出购物的女士们依赖黄包车夫等她们，因为她们回家前要逛好几个地方。depend on sb. to do sth.为固定结构，用不定式作宾语补足语，wait(等待)用不定式形式。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管黄包车很有用，黄包车夫通常生活在极度贫困之中。根据句意可知，前半句“黄包车很有用”与后半句“车夫生活极度贫困”之间是让步转折关系，设空处后为名词短语their usefulness，用介词Despite。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们一次工作超过12个小时，每天挣约2.50美元。earn(挣得)与主语They之间是主动关系，且在句中作伴随状语，用现在分词形式。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，政府一直在设法取缔黄包车。try(设法)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“For the last ten years(在过去的十年里)”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续，应用现在完成进行时，主语the government是单数，助动词用has。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。“我们必须公平对待那些因为黄包车而行驶缓慢的小汽车和公交车”，一名城市官员说。根据句意可知，该官员在说明治理交通拥堵的立场，语气坚决，表示“必须”公平对待其他通行车辆，用情态动词must。 【8题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：黄包车夫的未来会怎样很重要。设空处引导主语从句，从句中holds缺少宾语，且表示“未来会是什么”，用What引导。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，由于这些再培训计划毫无进展，黄包车夫们自然对未来非常担忧。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，nothing与do(做)之间是被动关系，即“没有做成任何事情”，用过去分词作宾语补足语。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：一位车夫说：“只要能帮到我的家人，我什么都愿意试，甚至学一份新工作。”根据句意可知，“我什么都愿意试”的条件是“能帮到家人”，用as long as(只要)引导条件状语从句。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. equivalent B. legal C. lifted D. limited E. opposite F. particularly G. present H. registration I. traced J. traditionally K. version A Brief History of Football There is no clear evidence stating where and when football was actually invented, but most historians agree that some type of ball game had been played centuries before the modern game developed in England. Football has a long and interesting history and origins of the game are ____11____ in sports played thousands of years ago in China, Egypt, Japan and Greece. Aspects of the game can be ____12____ as early as the second and third centuries BC in China. Their game, originally named “Csu Chu”, involved kicking a leather ball into a small hole. The first football games played in Britain were in the 700s and the English ____13____ of a football was made using an animal bladder (皮囊). Games were violent and injury and death were common. Despite the violence, however, they were still very popular. The game had become so popular that in the 1300s Edward III banned the sport because people were playing football rather than practising archery. This was especially important to this king, as he was preparing to go to war with Scotland. This was to be the first of many bans imposed by the kings and queens of England. In 1605 football became ____14____ and once again the sport grew in popularity. In the 1800s it became ____15____ common in private schools such as Eton, and it was only then that a set of rules was established. Until then, the game had continued to be violent, as it had had ____16____ rules and no referees (裁判). Before the 1800s, for example, it was considered normal to hit players on the ____17____ team and to damage their possessions. In 1848, on Parker’s Piece in Cambridge, these rules were developed further and a new ____18____ called the ‘Cambridge Rules’ was used by all schools, colleges and universities. Though football could be considered a male sport, women also play it. An increase in women playing the sport began during the First World War, when women did jobs ____19____ done by men. Those working in places like factories regularly met to play. Unfortunately, a ban was imposed when the war ended, but it was eventually ____20____ in the UK in 1971. In 1991 China hosted the first Women’s World Cup and in 1996 the first ever women’s football event was held at the Olympics. 【答案】11. G 12. I 13. A 14. B 15. F 16. D 17. E 18. K 19. J 20. C 【解析】 【导语】文章简要梳理了足球的历史，从古代中国等地的球类游戏，到英国足球的演变、禁令与规则建立，再到女子足球的发展。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：足球有着悠久而有趣的历史，这项运动的起源存在于数千年前在中国、埃及、日本和希腊进行的体育运动之中。根据上文“origins of the game”和下文“in sports played thousands of years ago in China, Egypt, Japan and Greece”可知，此处说的是足球的起源存在于古代球类运动中；形容词present意为“存在的，现存的”，作表语，构成“be present in”结构。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：这项运动的各个方面可以追溯到早在公元前二三世纪的中国。根据下文“as early as the second and third centuries BC in China”可知，此处说的是足球的某些元素可以追溯到古代中国；动词trace意为“追溯”，作谓语，与主语Aspects of the game之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式traced构成被动语态。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：英国最早在8世纪举行足球比赛，英国足球的等价物是用动物膀胱制成的。根据下文“of a football was made using an animal bladder”可知，此处说的是当时英国足球的对应物；名词equivalent意为“对应物，等价物”，作主语，结合助动词was可知，主语单数形式。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：1605年，足球变得合法，这项运动再次流行起来。根据上一段中“Edward III banned the sport”和下文“once again the sport grew in popularity”可知，此处说的是足球从被禁变为合法；形容词legal意为“合法的”，作表语。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：在19世纪，它在伊顿公学等私立学校变得特别普遍，直到那时才建立了一套规则。根据下文“in private schools such as Eton”可知，此处说的是足球在私立学校中尤为流行；副词particularly意为“特别，尤其”，修饰形容词common。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在此之前，这项运动一直很暴力，因为规则有限且没有裁判。根据下文“no referees”可推知，此处说的是规则不完善、数量有限；形容词limited意为“有限的”，修饰名词rules，作定语。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，在19世纪之前，击打对方球队的球员并损坏他们的财物被认为是正常的。根据上文“it was considered normal to hit players”可知，此处说的是击打对方球队的球员；形容词opposite意为“相反的，对立的”，修饰名词team，表示“对方球队”。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：1848年，在剑桥的帕克公园，这些规则得到进一步发展，一种名为“剑桥规则”的新版本被所有学校、学院和大学采用。根据下文“called the ‘Cambridge Rules’”可知，此处说的是“剑桥规则”这一新版本；名词version意为“版本”，作主语，被a new修饰，用单数形式。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：一战期间，女性开始更多地参与这项运动，当时女性从事传统上由男性做的工作。根据上文“An increase in women playing the sport began”和下文“done by men”可知，此处说的是女性开始从事传统上由男性做的工作；副词traditionally意为“传统上”，修饰过去分词done。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：不幸的是，战争结束后颁布了禁令，但该禁令最终于1971年在英国被解除。根据上文“a ban was imposed”和下文“in the UK in 1971”可知，此处说的是禁令被解除；动词lift意为“解除，撤销”，与主语it之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式lifted构成被动语态。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Transition. It’s a pleasant word and a calming concept. It means going surely and sweetly from somewhere present to somewhere future. Unless, that is, it is newspapers’ ‘transition’ to the ___21___ world, an uncertain and highly uncomfortable process. Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher. All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more. ___22___, everyone— from web academics to print analysis—says so. Yet pause for a while and count a few little things that don’t ___23___. One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US. It ought to be ___24___, wrecked by the move to the tablets which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly. But, in fact, the rate of decline in magazine purchasing is relatively small, with subscriptions holding up strongly and advertising remarkable ___25___. As for news and current affairs magazines — which you’d expect to find in the eye of the digital storm — they had a 8.4% increase to report. In short, on both sides of the Atlantic, although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth. You can discover a ___26___ phenomenon when it comes to books, Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year. The apparent first step of transition couldn’t be ___27___. Yet, when booksellers examined the value of the physical books they sold over the last six months, they found it just 0.4% down. Screen or paper, then? It wasn’t one or the other: it was ___28___. So if sales in that area have fallen so little, perhaps the ___29___ mostly affects newspapers? Yet again, though, the messages are oddly ____30____. The latest survey of trends by the World Association of Newspapers shows that global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than ____31____ the difference. Already 360 US papers—including most of the biggest and best — have built paywalls around their products. However, the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of ____32____ package. ____33____, print is also a crucial tool in selling internet subscriptions. And its advertising rates raise between nine and ten times more money than online. Of course this huge difference isn’t ____34____ news for newspaper companies, as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive. But newspaper brands still have much of their high profile in print: a drift on the web, the job of just being ____35____ becomes far harder. 21. A. publishing B. online C. ideal D. unknown 22. A. On the other hand B. After all C. To begin with D. For instance 23. A. stop B. exist C. emerge D. fit 24. A. regulated B. advancing C. collapsing D. minimized 25. A. solid B. simple C. creative D. changeable 26. A. cultural B. common C. scientific D. similar 27. A. later B. harder C. clearer D. slower 28. A. all B. neither C. both D. either 29. A. service B. system C. crisis D. figure 30. A. right B. vague C. designed D. mixed 31. A. made up B. told apart C. took over D. held on 32. A. joint B. mysterious C. modern D. complex 33. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. What’s more D. Even so 34. A. new B. sad C. big D. good 35. A. spared B. updated C. noticed D. edited 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在网络社会报纸向网上世界的“过渡”，这是一个不确定且非常不舒服的过程。同时保证印刷品也是销售互联网订阅的重要工具。是屏幕还是纸张？把二者结合才能共赢。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除非，也就是说，这是报纸向网上世界的“过渡”，这是一个不确定且非常不舒服的过程。A. publishing出版的；B. online在线的；C. ideal理想的；D. unknown未知的。根据下文“The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher.”可知这是报纸行业向网络世界的转变。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：毕竟，每个人——从网络学者到印刷分析——都这么说。A. On the other hand另一方面；B. After all毕竟；C. To begin with以……开头；D. For instance例如。根据前文“All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more.”以及后文“everyone —from web academics to print analysis—says so.”可知此处应表达的意思是“毕竟”。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，停顿片刻，数一数一些不合适的小事。A. stop停止；B. exist存在；C. emerge出现；D. fit适合。根据下文“It ought to be ___4___ , wrecked by the move to the tablets which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly.”可知此处原词fit再现。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它快要垮了，因为平板电脑与现有杂志页面尺寸完美契合，所以受到了破坏。A. regulated调节；B. advancing前进；C. collapsing塌陷；D. minimized最小化。根据下文的“he move to the tablets which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly.”可知杂志快要垮掉了。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但事实上，杂志购买量的下降幅度相对较小，订阅量保持强劲，广告投放量稳定地增加。A. solid固体的，稳定的；B. simple简单的；C. creative创意的；D. changeable可变的。根据前文的“holding up strongly”可知广告凉的增加也是稳定地。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到书籍、Kindle和类似的电子阅读器时，你会发现一种类似的现象，今年销量大幅增长。A. cultural文化的；B. common普通的；C. scientific科学的；D. similar类似的。根据下文的“with sales up massively this year.”可知这种增长是类似的。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，过渡的第一步显而易见。A. later更晚的；B. harder较硬的；C. clearer更清晰的；D. slower更慢的。根据上文的“You can discover a 　　　　6　　　 phenomenon when it comes to books, Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year. ”可知这种改变是显而易见的。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：那么，是屏幕还是纸张？这不是一个或另一个：而是两者都是。A. all全部；B. neither都不是（两者）；C. both两个都是；D. either任何一个（两者中）。根据“It wasn’t one or the other”可知，两者都有，表示“两者都是”应使用both。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，如果该地区的销售额下降如此之少，那么，也许是危机主要影响了报纸？A. service服务；B. system系统；C. crisis危机；D. figure图形。根据前文“if sales in that area have fallen so little”中的fall可知此处需要名词crisis。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些信息还是杂乱地混合在一起。A. right对的；B. vague模糊的；C. designed设计的；D. mixed混合的。根据前文“Screen or paper, then? It wasn’t one or the other: it was __8___”可知，如选择网络还是纸质，报纸销售下降的信息也是混合的。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词组辨析。句意：西方的销售额有所下降，但亚洲弥补了这一差距。A. made up组成；B. told apart辨别；C. took over接管；D. held on保持。根据前文“Sales in the West dropped back”可知在亚洲出现相反的现象，销售在亚洲得到弥补。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，吸引付费读者的最佳方式似乎是以某种形式提供打印副本和数字访问相结合的交易。A. joint联合的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. modern现代的；D. complex复杂的。根据前文“the print copy and digital access”可知这是两种方式的结合。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：换句话说，印刷品也是销售互联网订阅的重要工具。A. In other words换言之；B. On the contrary相反；C. What’s more此外； D. Even so即使如此。根据上文“AHowever, the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy.”可知，换句话说，印刷品的重要性也是不可忽视的。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，这种巨大的差异对报业公司来说并不是好消息，因为维护活跃的网站和活跃的印刷版是困难、复杂和昂贵的。A. new新的；B. sad悲伤的；C. big大的；D. good好的。根据下文“as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive.”可知，这种相对增加率对于报业公司来说不是好消息，因为要用大量的财力和物力。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但报纸品牌在印刷品上仍有许多高知名度：在网络上漂泊，获得被关注的工作变得更加困难。A. spared抽出； B. updated更新； C. noticed注意； D. edited编辑。根据常识和“a drift on the web”可知，获得关注变得更加困难。要在网上获得知名度必须获得关注。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Dance is increasingly being introduced to anyone who is interested for both health and recreational reasons. The National Lottery is funding courses and training, as are local authorities and regional arts associations. In addition, family doctors suggest patients take dance lessons, and young footballers are learning about rhythm and balance through hip-hop lessons. Simon Dove, the Yorkshire Dance Centre’s organizer and promoter, says that attendance has doubled in the last three years. He owes this to more choice and easier access. And what a choice there is! There are 35 different lessons every week — everything from Arabic dancing to Egyptian, American tap, Asian and South African Township dance. “People like coming here because it helps you stay fit and engages your mind, enabling you to interact with others,” Simon explains. Steven Johnson, 28, is one of the company’s teachers. He goes into schools and introduces kids to jazz, street dance and hip-hop. He thinks that for the less academic, it gives them something to focus on. “Several school teachers have reported back to me that normally difficult and disruptive children have become more manageable because of the lessons. I think it is because they have found something at school that they excel at, making them more confident. The lessons also make them more aware of their bodies and how they work.” For Flo Marsden, aged 71, her weekly dance lessons play a more social role in her life. It’s the togetherness of dancing that is the best. A keep-fit class doesn’t get you so involved with others. When I go out shopping I see people from the lessons and say hello. It makes you feel you are part of a community. Dance is one of the five activities the Health Education Authority is promoting in its current Active for Life campaign, and this summer saw one of the first health and dance conferences in the UK. John Dunbar, one of the speakers, says that on a fitness level, dance can be just as effective as going on a running, and the results were the same. People are far more likely to keep up dancing rather than a running programme, so in that way it can be more suitable. So, if you’re lucky enough to have dance classes near where you live, my advice to you would be to have a go! 36. What does Simon say about the dance classes in the second paragraph? A. Some are more popular than others. B. They are the quickest way to make friends. C. They are a very sociable way to exercise. D. There is no limit to the number you can take. 37. Steven Johnson believes that dance ________. A. has grown in popularity in less academic schools B. is suitable for the less active type of child C. can be taught by ordinary school teachers D. helps children who have low self-confidence 38. Why does Flo enjoy going to dance classes? A. They have enabled her to get over her shyness. B. They provide her with a sense of belonging. C. They allow her to meet people from outside the area. D. They make her feel more relaxed than other classes. 39. According to John Dunbar, dancing ________. A. has most effect on the health of older people B. needs to be done regularly to be effective C. is much better for you than running D. motivates people more than running 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述舞蹈在英国逐渐普及，不同人群都能从中收获健康与社交价值。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“People like coming here because it helps you stay fit and engages your mind, enabling you to interact with others(人们喜欢来这里，因为它能帮你保持健康、活跃思维，还能让你和他人互动交流)”可知，Simon认为舞蹈课是一种社交性很强的锻炼方式。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I think it is because they have found something at school that they excel at, making them more confident.(我认为这是因为他们在学校里找到了自己擅长的事，这让他们变得更自信)”可知，Steven Johnson认为舞蹈能帮助缺乏自信的孩子。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“For Flo Marsden, aged 71, her weekly dance lessons play a more social role in her life. It’s the togetherness of dancing that is the best. A keep-fit class doesn’t get you so involved with others. When I go out shopping I see people from the lessons and say hello. It makes you feel you are part of a community.(对于71岁的Flo Marsden来说，每周的舞蹈课在她的生活中承担着更强的社交属性。舞蹈带来的这种同伴相聚感才是最棒的。普通健身课没法让你和他人产生这么深的联结。我出门购物时会碰到一起上课的人，还会互相打招呼。这让你真切感受到自己是社群中的一份子)”可知，Flo喜欢舞蹈课是因为它给了她归属感。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People are far more likely to keep up dancing rather than a running programme, so in that way it can be more suitable.(人们坚持跳舞的概率远高于坚持跑步计划，所以从这个角度来说舞蹈更合适)”可知，John Dunbar认为舞蹈比跑步更能激励人们长期坚持。 (B) Things David Sedaris must do before bed, if he wants a good night’s sleep: pick up litter from the streets near his home in West Sussex, England (where the local government named a garbage truck after him in appreciation), clear the sink of dirty dishes and write in his diary. Since his first entry at age 20, in 1977, Sedaris has composed 165 volumes of private commentary, which he mined for his latest work, Theft by Finding: Diaries (1977 — 2002) Have you ever read a diary you weren’t supposed to? In Chicago I found this woman’s diary in a trash can. She was one of those people searching for meaning in her life, going from one religion to another. It was one of the best books I ever read. Why are you such a diary devotee? If you told me I couldn’t write in my diary anymore, my life would be torture and I’d have to get on some kind of medication. Stranded on a desert island, I’d just write my diary in the sand with a stick. The tide would wash it away, but I’d know that I’d written it down and that would at least be something. Re-reading your own writing, did you make any discoveries? I don’t like, especially in the early years, how pretentious I was. That was hard to take. Then again, you’re 20 years old, you’re an art student, you’re going to be disgusting. It comes with the territory. You once said you’d die if anyone got their hands on your diary? Well, I would — Theft by Finding is my edit. But if you were to just go and take my diary off the shelf, I would have to kill you. And upon your death? If they said, “OK, look, you have lung cancer and you’ve got three weeks,” well, when I was reading through my diaries, I made a note on my computer of which ones I might burn. 40. Why was a truck named after David Sedaris? A. He invests in such a garbage truck. B. He seldom throws litter on the street. C. He appreciates the government’s support. D. He clears some streets at night for a long time. 41. The word “torture” is closest in meaning to ______. A. something that will serve as medication B. something that will cause great suffering C. something that will always haunt a person D. something that will be forgotten in a short time 42. Which of the following statements is true of David Sedaris? A. He will always keep his diaries to himself. B. He often gets inspired by others’ diaries. C. He loves writing diaries in the sand. D. He is satisfied with all his diaries. 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要通过访谈介绍作家大卫·塞达里斯坚持写日记的习惯、对日记的痴迷态度及对隐私的保护。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“pick up litter from the streets near his home in West Sussex, England (where the local government named a garbage truck after him in appreciation), clear the sink of dirty dishes and write in his diary.(在英格兰西萨塞克斯郡的家附近捡拾街道上的垃圾（当地政府为表感谢，特以他的名字命名了一辆垃圾车），清空水槽里的脏碗碟，并写日记)”可知，当地政府因他长期清理街道垃圾而用他的名字命名垃圾车。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“If you told me I couldn’t write in my diary anymore, my life would be torture and I’d have to get on some kind of medication.(如果你告诉我不能再写日记，我的生活会变成torture，我得靠某种药物维持)”可知，不能写日记会让他的生活痛苦到需要药物干预，说明“torture”意为“带来巨大痛苦的事”。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“if you were to just go and take my diary off the shelf, I would have to kill you(如果你敢从书架上拿走我的日记，我就得杀了你)”及最后一段“I made a note on my computer of which ones I might burn(我在电脑上记下哪些日记可能会被烧掉)”可知，他坚决保护日记隐私，不会让他人随意获取。 (C) Anti-poaching technology is becoming more advanced to protect Africa’s elephants. Elephants are illegally hunted for their valuable ivory tusks. Thousands are killed every year. Now new tools such as GPS trackers, thermal cameras and AI image analysis are helping park rangers fight poachers. One important tool is the GPS collar. Some wild elephants are fitted with these collars. The collars send location data to researchers’ computers. If an elephant group moves into high-risk areas where poachers are active, rangers receive an alarm and can rush to the spot. This allows rangers to take action before poachers strike. Thermal imaging cameras are another powerful weapon. They detect heat given off by human bodies, even in total darkness. These cameras are fixed on trees or towers across nature reserves. They can spot intruders moving around at night. The system automatically sends alerts to rangers’ mobile phones. Artificial intelligence adds another layer of protection. Camera traps take millions of photos in the wild. Sorting through all these photos used to take rangers hundreds of hours. Now AI programs can quickly separate pictures of animals from pictures of humans. They flag human-related images for human rangers to check. This saves huge amounts of time. However, technology is not a magic solution. It costs a lot of money. Equipment can break down in difficult field conditions. Poachers also keep improving their own methods. Technology works best when it is paired with local community support. Local people who understand the forest and elephant behaviour can provide vital on-the-ground information. Without community help, even the cleverest machines will have limits. 43. What function do GPS collars serve in elephant protection? A. They drive poachers away from nature reserves. B. They send warnings when elephants enter dangerous zones. C. They cure elephants injured by poachers. D. They store ivory tusks collected from poachers. 44. What advantage does AI bring to camera trap work? A. It can repair broken camera traps in the wild. B. It takes clearer photos of poachers at night. C. It speeds up the classification of massive photos. D. It can directly catch and arrest poachers. 45. What is the author’s attitude towards anti-poaching technology? A. It can solve the poaching problem completely. B. It is useless because poachers are getting smarter. C. It works best combined with local community support. D. It is cheap and easy to operate in wild conditions. 46. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. New Tech Fights to Protect African Elephants B. Why African Elephants Are Facing Extinction C. GPS: Best Tool for Wild Animal Research D. Local Communities: Heroes of Elephant Protection 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍各类新技术被用来保护非洲大象、打击盗猎。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“If an elephant group moves into high-risk areas where poachers are active, rangers receive an alarm and can rush to the spot.(如果象群进入盗猎者活动的高危区域，护林员就会收到警报并赶往现场。)”可知，GPS项圈会在大象进入危险区域时发出警报。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Now AI programs can quickly separate pictures of animals from pictures of humans. They flag human-related images for human rangers to check. This saves huge amounts of time.(现在人工智能程序可以快速区分动物照片和人类照片，标记和人类相关的照片供护林员核查，这节省了大量时间。)”可知，人工智能加快海量照片的分类速度。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Technology works best when it is paired with local community support.(技术在与当地社区支持相结合时效果最好。)”可知，作者认为反盗猎技术和当地社区支持配合才能发挥最大作用。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述保护非洲大象的反盗猎技术日益先进，介绍了GPS项圈、热成像摄像头、人工智能等技术的作用，同时说明技术存在局限性，只有结合当地社区的支持才能发挥最佳效果。A项“新技术奋力保护非洲象”最适合作为文章标题。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Hearing our inner voice Talking to yourself used to be a strictly private pastime. ____47____ “If you’re reading text in a newspaper or a book, you hear a voice in your own head,” says Brian Pasley at the University of California, Berkeley. “We’re trying to decode the brain activity related to that voice to create a medical tool that can allow someone who is paralysed (瘫痪的) or locked in to speak.” When you hear someone speak, sound waves activate sensory neurons (神经元) in your inner ear. These neurons pass information to areas of the brain where different aspects of the sound are interpreted as words. In a previous study, Pasley and his colleagues recorded brain activity in people who already had electrodes implanted in their brain to treat epilepsy (癫痫), while they listened to speech. ____48____ Armed with this knowledge, the team built a program that could decode the words heard based on neural activity alone. The team thought that hearing speech and thinking to oneself might spark some of the same neural signatures in the brain. They supposed that a program intended to identify speech heard out loud might also be able to identify words that are thought. To test the idea, they recorded brain activity in another seven people undergoing epilepsy surgery, while they looked at a screen that displayed text from either the Gettysburg Address or the children’s song Humpty Dumpty. ____49____ While they read the text out loud, the team worked out which neurons were reacting to what aspects of speech and generated (生成) a personalised decoder to interpret this information. The decoder was used to create a spectrogram — a visual representation of the different frequencies of sound waves heard over time. As each frequency relates to specific sounds in each word spoken, the spectrogram can be used to recreate what had been said. ____50____ Despite the neural activity from imagined or actual speech differing slightly, the decoder was able to reconstruct which words several of the volunteers were thinking, using neural activity alone. A. They then applied the decoder to the brain activity that occurred while the participants read the passages silently to themselves. B. The team found that certain neurons in the brain were only active in response to certain aspects of sound, such as a specific frequency. C. So is it possible to put it all together to create one multisensory mind-reading device? D. That’s no longer the case — researchers have “heard” our internal monologue for the first time. E. In practice, if the decoder is to be used by people who are unable to speak it would have to be trained on what they hear rather than their own speech. F. Each participant was asked to read the text aloud, read it silently in their head and then do nothing. 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. F 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍科研人员首次“读取”人类内心独白，发现听语音与内心思考会产生部分相似的神经信号，并据此研发解码器，尝试仅凭神经活动还原人心里所想的话语，有望帮助瘫痪、闭锁综合征人群实现“说话”。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Talking to yourself used to be a strictly private pastime. (自言自语过去完全属于私人消遣)”以及下文““If you’re reading text in a newspaper or a book, you hear a voice in your own head,” says Brian Pasley at the University of California, Berkeley. “We’re trying to decode the brain activity related to that voice to create a medical tool that can allow someone who is paralysed (瘫痪的) or locked in to speak.” (加州大学伯克利分校的Brian Pasley表示：“当你阅读报纸或书籍中的文字时，你自己的脑海里会听到一个声音。我们正试图解码与这个声音相关的大脑活动，以此开发一种医疗工具，让瘫痪或闭锁综合征患者能够实现表达。”)”可知，空处与前文形成转折，说明现状已经改变，研究者首次“听见”了人的内心独白，引出下文研究人员利用内心声音开发医疗工具。D选项“That’s no longer the case — researchers have “heard” our internal monologue for the first time. (情况已经不同——研究人员首次“听到”了我们的内心独白)”承上启下。 【48题详解】 根据上文“In a previous study, Pasley and his colleagues recorded brain activity in people who already had electrodes implanted in their brain to treat epilepsy (癫痫), while they listened to speech. (在之前的一项研究中，Pasley及其同事在脑部植入电极治疗癫痫的人听语音的时候记录他们的大脑活动)”以及下文“Armed with this knowledge, the team built a program that could decode the words heard based on neural activity alone. (掌握这种知识后，团队开发出仅依靠神经活动就能解码听到的话语的程序)”可知，空格处介绍这项前期研究得到的实验发现。B选项“The team found that certain neurons in the brain were only active in response to certain aspects of sound, such as a specific frequency. (团队发现，大脑中的特定神经元只会对声音的某些方面产生反应，例如特定频率)”承接实验，引出后续程序开发。 【49题详解】 根据上文“To test the idea, they recorded brain activity in another seven people undergoing epilepsy surgery, while they looked at a screen that displayed text from either the Gettysburg Address or the children’s song Humpty Dumpty. (为验证该想法，他们又对另外7名接受癫痫手术的人进行了大脑活动记录，同时这些人观看屏幕上展示的文字，内容要么是《葛底斯堡演说》，要么是儿歌《矮胖子》)”以及下文“While they read the text out loud, the team worked out which neurons were reacting to what aspects of speech and generated (生成) a personalised decoder to interpret this information. (在他们大声朗读文本的过程中，团队弄清楚哪些神经元会对语音的哪些方面做出反应，并生成了个性化的解码器来解读这些信息)”可知，此处介绍受试者需要完成的几种实验任务。F选项“Each participant was asked to read the text aloud, read it silently in their head and then do nothing. (每位参与者被要求大声朗读文本、在脑中默读文本，之后什么都不做)”引出后文实验过程。 【50题详解】 根据上文“The decoder was used to create a spectrogram — a visual representation of the different frequencies of sound waves heard over time. As each frequency relates to specific sounds in each word spoken, the spectrogram can be used to recreate what had been said.(这个解码器会生成一张声谱图——这是一种随时间变化所听声波的不同频率的可视化呈现。由于每个频率都对应着所说单词中的特定发音，声谱图就可以用来还原出被说出的内容)”和下文“Despite the neural activity from imagined or actual speech differing slightly, the decoder was able to reconstruct which words several of the volunteers were thinking, using neural activity alone.(尽管想象的话语和真实说话的神经活动略有差异，解码器仅凭神经活动就还原出部分志愿者心里所想的单词)”可知，空格表示将解码器应用于受试者默读时的脑部信号。A选项“They then applied the decoder to the brain activity that occurred while the participants read the passages silently to themselves. (之后他们将解码器应用于参与者默读段落时产生的大脑活动)”衔接上下文实验逻辑。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Internet of (Bad) Things Don’t be fooled by its boring-sounding name: the Internet of Things (IoT). Actually, the IoT is a revolution in the making. It is a global network of devices that have been connected and able to exchange data with each other. Everything from TVs to lights to cars to... well, you name it. So soon your car will drive you to your destination, find the best parking spot, tell your house when you’re returning home, get the heating and dinner on, while your wristband monitor tells your TV what mood you’re in and fixes the night’s entertainment. Can’t wait for the arrival of this day — or left cold by it? It makes no difference: it’s coming your way. Frankly, I’d rather put the central heating on myself than have that IoT knowing more about me. But that’s not my biggest concern about the IoT. Relatively speaking, they’re the good guys. What bothers me is that in the race to roll out this tech, too little is being done to keep out the bad guys. Most of the underlying technology is scarily primitive (原始的). And with time, the IoT will no doubt become the target of choice among hackers and terrorists. Security experts are warning that the IoT already links together hundreds of millions of devices that are easy to attack. The resulting threat isn’t theoretical, either: one tech company recently exposed this by using the IoT to hijack baby monitors, spy remotely and take control of home computers. Meanwhile, the IoT grows ever larger: industry estimates suggest that within five years it will have connected up 10 times more devices than there are humans on Earth. So what can we do? I believe that our best hope lies in the good old-fashioned internet. We can use this to detect and alert each other to all the devices that threaten our safety and privacy. In short, we need to flip the threat from the IoT around, and make sure big businesses know we are keeping tabs on them. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The IoT is a global network of interconnected devices, sharing data with each other. Although still at its early stage, it may well be used by bad guys. To provide against it, we can use the internet to warn each other of any invasion, thus letting the companies know we know what they are doing. 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍物联网是互联设备交换数据的全球网络，指出其技术原始、易被黑客利用，并建议借助互联网互相警示以防范威胁。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①It is a global network of devices that have been connected and able to exchange data with each other. ②What bothers me is that in the race to roll out this tech, too little is being done to keep out the bad guys. ③Most of the underlying technology is scarily primitive (原始的). ④And with time, the IoT will no doubt become the target of choice among hackers and terrorists. ⑤The resulting threat isn’t theoretical, either: one tech company recently exposed this by using the IoT to hijack baby monitors, spy remotely and take control of home computers. ⑥I believe that our best hope lies in the good old-fashioned internet. ⑦We can use this to detect and alert each other to all the devices that threaten our safety and privacy. 2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点单独保留，界定物联网；将第2、3、4、5四个要点整合，说明技术原始、防范不足，物联网易被黑客和恐怖分子利用，威胁并非理论；将第6、7两个要点整合，说明应借助互联网互相检测警示。 3. 遣词造句 The IoT is a global network of interconnected devices, sharing data with each other. Although still at its early stage, it may well be used by bad guys. To provide against it, we can use the internet to warn each other of any invasion, thus letting the companies know we know what they are doing. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The IoT is a global network of interconnected devices, sharing data with each other. (运用了过去分词短语作定语和现在分词短语作伴随状语) [高分句型2] Although still at its early stage, it may well be used by bad guys. (运用了although引导的让步状语从句的省略形式) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我们应该在项目开始前解决这些问题。(until) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We shouldn’t start the project until we address these issues. 【解析】 【详解】本句应用not...until固定句型，意为“直到……才”，until引导的从句表将来动作，应用一般现在时表示一般将来时；“我们”英文表达为We，作主语，位于句首首字母大写；“不应该”英文表达为shouldn’t，后接动词原形；“项目开始”可以转述为“开始项目”，在句中作谓语，英文表达为start the project；“直到”英文表达为until，引导时间状语从句；“我们”英文表达为we，在从句中作主语；“解决这些问题”英文表达为address these issues，句子时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。 53. 这篇文章解释了为什么婴儿不能看电视。(out of reach) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This essay explains why TV should be kept out of the reach of babies. 【解析】 【详解】“这篇文章”表达为this essay，作主语；“解释”表达为explain，本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；“为什么……”作explain的宾语，用why引导宾语从句，从句使用陈述语序；“婴儿不能看电视”可表达为TV should be kept out of the reach of babies。 54. 我们决定把这本书重新出版，作为我们致力于保护世界各地印刷品的一部分。(commitment) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We have decided to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. 【解析】 【详解】本句强调已经做出决定这个结果，用现在完成时。“我们决定”译为We have decided，“把这本书重新出版”可用bring the book back into print，是固定搭配，不定式作宾语；“作为……的一部分”译为as part of；“我们致力于保护”选用our continuing commitment to the preservation of，commitment后接介词to表示“对……的投入、承诺”；“世界各地印刷品”译为printed works worldwide，worldwide作后置定语。 55. 即便在会议上提出这一建议有被开除的风险，这位员工思考再三还是决定冒险一试。(risk) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Even if putting forward the suggestion at the conference risked being dismissed, the employee thought twice and decided to take the risk. 【解析】 【详解】句子叙述过去某一时刻发生的连贯动作，整体用一般过去时；“即便”英文表达为Even if，引导让步状语从句，置于句首首字母大写；“在会议上提出这一建议”英文表达为putting forward the suggestion at the conference，动名词短语作从句主语；“冒风险”英文表达为risk，句中作谓语，句子为一般过去时，应用过去式risked，后接动名词作宾语；“被开除”为被动含义，应用being dismissed；“这位员工”英文表达为the employee，作主句主语；“思考再三”英文表达为think twice，句子用一般过去时，应用过去式thought；“还是决定冒险一试”英文表达为decide to take the risk，decide作谓语用过去式decided。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 150-180 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在你校英语报上看到了对幸福的不同方面进行评分的调查内容，你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章向“读者来信”专栏投稿，内容须包括：1) 对内容的简单描述；2) 从中得出了什么结论，并说明你是否赞同这一结论。 校英语报大致内容：In a 2003 study, researchers asked people around the world to rate how important these seven concepts are to well-being. 纵坐标 IMPORTANCE; 项目: Happiness, Health, Love, Meaning, Wealth, friendship, Attractiveness。分值: Happiness ≈ 8, Health ≈ 7.8, Love ≈ 7.8, Meaning ≈ 7.3, Wealth ≈ 6.8, Friendship ≈ 7.2, Attractiveness ≈ 6.3 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Editor, I’m Li Ming, a Senior 3 student from Mingqi High School. I am writing to share my insights on the recently published chart regarding the factors that people consider most important to their overall well-being. A glance at the chart reveals a striking trend: intangible elements like Happiness, Health, and Love rank at the very top. Specifically, Happiness scored the highest at approximately 8, closely followed by Health and Love at 7.8. It is evident that these emotional and physical aspects are perceived as the cornerstones of a fulfilling life. By stark contrast, materialistic and superficial factors like Wealth (6.8) and Attractiveness (6.3) occupy the bottom positions. This indicates that while people acknowledge the necessity of money, they do not regard it as the paramount source of true happiness. I wholeheartedly concur with this conclusion. It is a universal truth that genuine happiness stems from robust physical health, deep emotional connections, and a positive mindset, rather than superficial vanity. We should prioritize our inner peace and well-being over the relentless pursuit of material gains. Best regards, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生就校英报刊载的幸福感调查图表向“读者来信”专栏投稿，描述图表、得出结论并表态。 【详解】1.词汇积累 显示出：reveals→demonstrates 显著的：striking→pronounced 认为：consider→deem 至关重要的：paramount→foremost 2. 句式拓展： 简单句变复合句 原句：A glance at the chart reveals a striking trend: intangible elements like Happiness, Health, and Love rank at the very top. 拓展句：A glance at the chart reveals a striking trend that intangible elements like Happiness, Health, and Love rank at the very top. 【点睛】[高分句型1] While people acknowledge the necessity of money, they do not regard it as the paramount source of true happiness. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句) [高分句型2] It is a universal truth that genuine happiness stems from robust physical health, deep emotional connections, and a positive mindset. (运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $