08 概要写作各类体裁写法详解（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年春季高考英语

08 概要写作各类体裁写法详解 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 普通类说明文概要写作 考向02 实验研究类说明文概要写作 考向03 议论文概要写作 考向04 记叙文概要写作 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 普通类说明文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【来源】上海市七宝中学2026-2027学年高三上学期开学考试 Beyond Holiday Cheer: Navigating Low Moods in the Festive Season As the end of the year quickly approaches, for many people, so do the holiday blues. What is it about this traditionally joyful and restful time of year that somehow produces the perfect storm of stress, isolation, and overextension that can leave us feeling sad, depleted, disconnected, and alone? While some of us get into the full swing of the holiday spirit, others feel less than merry or happy and fail to feel engaged in the media-hyped joys of the season. All this merry-making and missing out is going on during the shortest days of the year when our circadian rhythms are negatively impacted by the lack of daylight, which leaves some of us struggling with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Now let’s take a look at how to manage our moods and make the holiday season one that you can enjoy in your own fashion. Set an intention to be kind to yourself, as well as to others. If you celebrate the holidays, set reasonable limits on your spending and manage your time and efforts wisely. If you’re hosting a party or a holiday meal, ask for help if you need it. If you feel exhausted by nonstop social commitments, politely decline an invitation or two. If you struggle at this time of the year, consider approaching the holiday season in a new and more positive way. Set the intention to enjoy your own life and time with those you love in a way that suits who you are, right now. Plan a special outing, a festive meal, or a get-together with friends. It’s important to remember that every day, you are living your life, and you can set your own rules. Focus on what brings you joy and happiness. This may be the holiday season, but it’s your time to spend with whomever you choose, doing what you want. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍不少人在节日期间会陷入情绪低落，并分析了相关诱因，同时给出两条可行的调节情绪的建议。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 文章采用 “总 — 分” 结构。开头提出很多人在节日期间会情绪低落，点明该现象由压力、孤独、劳累以及日照不足引发的季节性情绪失调造成；随后给出调节情绪的对策。 第 1 段：引出话题 —— 不少人在节日期间会情绪低落。 第 2 段：说明诱因：社交落差、日照不足引发季节性情绪失调（SAD），引出下文调节方法。 第 3 段：建议善待自己，合理管控开销、时间，学会拒绝超负荷社交。 第 4 段：建议用适合自己的积极方式过节，遵从自身感受，选择能带来快乐的活动。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1. 引言 ①holiday blues, stress, isolation, tiredness 2. 成因 ②media-hyped joy, lack of daylight, seasonal affective disorder (SAD) 3. 建议一 ③be kind to oneself, set limits on spending and time, refuse social invitations 4. 建议二 ④positive approach, suit oneself, focus on one’s own joy 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1、2 段：Many people suffer from holiday blues, caused by stress, loneliness and lack of daylight which may lead to seasonal affective disorder. （很多人会出现节日情绪低落，诱因包括压力、孤独以及日照不足，后者可能引发季节性情绪失调。） 第 3 段：One tip is to be self-compassionate, set proper limits and turn down tiring social activities. （一条建议是善待自己，设立合理界限，拒绝耗费精力的社交活动。） 第 4 段：Besides, people can celebrate in their own suitable ways and focus on what brings them joy. （此外，人们可以用适合自己的方式过节，专注能给自己带来快乐的事。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “caused by” 引出原因；使用 “One tip is…”“Besides” 分层引出两条建议，体现并列逻辑；句式简洁，替换原文表达，控制词数。 概要写作答案（60 词左右） 01：Many people suffer from holiday blues, resulting from stress, loneliness and lack of daylight which may cause seasonal affective disorder. One tip is to be kind to yourself, set proper limits and refuse exhausting social events. Besides, you can celebrate in ways that suit you and focus on what brings you joy. 02：Many people suffer from holiday blues, caused by stress, loneliness and lack of daylight. However, we can handle low moods properly. We should be kind to ourselves, set reasonable limits and refuse tiring social activities. Besides, we can enjoy the season in our own suitable way and focus on things bringing us joy. 考向02 实验研究类说明文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【来源】上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题 Music is instrumental in learning how to read Learning to play an instrument seems to boost reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that comprise words. They also showed better reading skills. In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of their brain to process music and speech, and sometimes they rely more on the right side. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. However, music training can also lead to specialization in the right hemisphere of the brain, fostering faster reading, she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究发现学习乐器有助于提升儿童阅读能力，并借助实验与脑部扫描解释背后的大脑语音加工机制。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 文章采用 “总 — 分” 结构。开篇点明学习乐器能够提升儿童阅读能力；接着介绍对照实验，证实乐器学习能增强孩子语音意识；再通过脑部扫描发现，接受音乐训练的孩子拥有更接近成人的语言加工模式；最后补充专家观点，音乐训练还可激活右脑功能从而加快阅读速度。 第 1 段：提出观点，学乐器有助于孩子阅读能力发展。 第 2-3 段：介绍对照实验，学乐器的孩子语音意识和阅读表现更好。 第 4-5 段：脑扫描显示，接受音乐训练的儿童具备更接近成人的语言处理方式。 第 6 段：专家补充，音乐训练也可促进右脑专门化，加快阅读。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1. 引言 ①learn an instrument, boost children’s reading skills 2-3. 对照实验 ②experiment, musical training, better phonological awareness, reading performance 4-5. 脑部扫描结果 ③brain scan, more adult-like language processing 6. 专家补充 ④right hemisphere specialization, faster reading 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1 段：A study finds that learning a musical instrument helps improve young children’s reading skills. （一项研究发现学习乐器有助于提升低龄儿童的阅读能力。） 第 2-3 段：The experiment proves musical training strengthens children’s phonological awareness. （该实验证明音乐训练可以增强儿童的语音意识。） 第 4-5 段：Brain scans show these children develop more adult-like language processing. （脑部扫描显示这类孩子形成了更接近成人的语言加工模式。） 第 6 段：Besides, musical training may also bring about right-brain specialization for faster reading. （此外，音乐训练也可促成右脑功能专门化，实现更快阅读。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “A study finds that” 引出核心结论；“The experiment shows”、“Besides” 依次衔接实验结果与补充观点；精简从句，替换原文词汇，控制总词数在 60 词以内。 概要写作答案（60 词左右） 【01】A study shows learning an instrument improves children’s reading skills. The experiment proves musical training enhances kids’ phonological awareness. Brain scans reveal these children have more adult-like language processing. Besides, such training may also lead to right hemisphere specialization to speed up reading. 【02】    It was unclear how musical training improves early reading. A study of 57 children found the instrument learners outperformed non-musical peers in phonological awareness and reading skills. Brain scans showed lower left-brain language-center activity in instrument learners who still scored higher in reading, suggesting adult-like language processing. Experts say music training also promotes right brain specialization. 考向03 议论文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【来源】上海市上海师范大学附属宝山罗店中学2026-2027学年第一学期高三年级第一次诊断调研英语 For decades, it has been common practice for rich countries to give aid to poor counterparts. However, in recent years there has been a growing belief that international aid could be harmful to the recipients. I agree that giving aid to poor countries could do more harm than good. It is true that foreign aid has some benefits. Poor countries can use financial aid to build infrastructure such as roads and schools, thereby facilitating economic growth. Millions of Africans now have access to clean water wells, built with aid money, when previously many of them got sick drinking filthy water. When natural disasters strike poor countries, it is common for the international community to send medical assistance and food to them, thus helping to relieve the suffering of those affected and save lives. However, international aid has far more drawbacks. Around the globe poor countries are often troubled by poor governance, and it is likely that aid to these countries will end up being embezzled (盗用) by corrupt officials, rather than bringing real, concrete benefits to people in need. In war-torn areas, financial assistance may even be used to purchase weapons and in effect fuel conflicts. Foreign aid also has the effect of disrupting the local markets of the recipient countries. When farmers can receive free food on a regular basis they may lose the incentives to grow food on their own. This will hinder the growth of the food industry and create a culture of dependence that is harmful to a country’s long-term development. In summary, although international aid does have its positive aspects, these remain limited in both scope and scale. In many cases, giving aid to poor countries often defeats its purpose, and governments throughout the world should be prudent  (审慎的) when it comes to sending and receiving aid. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为对贫困国家的国际援助弊大于利，先简要承认援助有一定益处，再重点阐述其诸多弊端，最后建议各国对待对外援助保持审慎态度。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 文章采用 “总 — 分 — 总” 结构。开头亮明观点：国际援助对受援国弊大于利；第二段让步，介绍援助的积极作用；第三段重点论述弊端：援助资金易被贪污、助长冲突、破坏本土市场并催生依赖；结尾总结，援助好处有限，各国对待援助应当谨慎。 第 1 段：作者提出观点，国际援助给贫困国家带来的害处可能大于好处。 第 2 段：让步说明，援助可帮助基建、改善民生、救灾救人。 第 3 段：阐述主要弊端：资金遭腐败挪用、激化战乱、冲击本土产业，造成依赖。 第 4 段：总结，援助积极作用有限，各国收发援助都需审慎。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1. 观点 ①international aid, poor countries, do more harm than good 2. 让步优点 ②benefits: infrastructure, disaster relief, basic living improvement 3. 弊端 ③corruption, fuel conflicts, disturb local markets, create dependence 4. 总结 ④limited benefits, governments should be prudent about aid 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1 段：The author argues that international aid to poor countries may do more harm than good. （作者认为给贫困国家的国际援助可能弊大于利。） 第 2 段：Admittedly, aid can help build infrastructure and relieve disaster suffering. （诚然，援助可以助力基建建设、缓解灾害带来的苦难。） 第 3 段：However, it may be stolen, fuel conflicts, ruin local markets and cause dependence. （然而，援助资金可能被侵占、激化冲突、破坏本土市场并造成依赖。） 第 4 段：Thus governments should be cautious when sending or receiving such aid. （因此各国政府在收发援助时应当保持谨慎。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 Admittedly 进行让步转折，However 引出核心弊端，Thus 引出总结；压缩长句，同义改写原文，严格控制词数不超过 60 词。 概要写作答案（60 词左右） 【01】 The author holds international aid for poor countries may do more harm than good. Admittedly, it helps build infrastructure and relieve disaster suffering. However, aid may be embezzled, fuel conflicts, disrupt local markets and create dependence. Therefore, governments should be prudent with international aid. 【02】Although international aid benefits poor countries by building infrastructure, providing clean water and disaster relief, it has more serious drawbacks. Aid may be embezzled by corrupt officials, finance weapons in war zones, disrupt local markets and create dependence, hindering long-term development. Thus, despite limited merits, aid often defeats its purpose, so governments should handle it prudently. 考向04 记叙文概要写作 · 记叙文概要写作详解 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly. I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me. But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind. As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger. When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson. If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在超市排队时起初因一位老人缓慢结账而烦躁，看到店员耐心友善地帮助老人后深受触动，女儿也从中受到熏陶，作者随后向店长表扬了这名店员。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 我们先找出记叙文的六要素： · When—One day · Where—went to Target · Who— the writer with two children · What—for shopping; found an old lady was troublesome · How/Why—was touched by · Result— her children would learn a lot from this experience 文章按照事情发展顺序展开。开篇交代背景：作者带孩子购物，本想快速结账；接着作者起初因前面老人零钱结账心生不快；随后看到店员温柔耐心帮助老人；作者意识到女儿正在目睹善意，自己也深受教育；之后作者向店长表扬该店员，收获了宝贵的一课。 第 1-2 段：作者带孩子去超市购物，排队时，因前面老太太用零钱逐样结账而感到不耐烦。 第 3 段：年轻店员全程耐心、温和地帮助老人清点零钱、打包商品。 第 4 段：作者意识到女儿正在旁观这份善意，收获一堂关于耐心与善良的课。 第 5-6 段：结账后作者找到店长表扬店员，内心满怀感激。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1-2. 开端 ①shopping at Target, elderly woman, paying with change, frustrated 3. 经过 ②young employee, patient and kind, help the woman 4. 感悟 ③daughter witnessed kindness, valuable lesson 5-6. 结尾 ④author praised him to the manager, appreciated his goodness 段落 关键词 1-2. 开端 ①shopping at Target, elderly woman, paying with change, frustrated 3. 经过 ②young employee, patient and kind, help the woman 4. 感悟 ③daughter witnessed kindness, valuable lesson 5-6. 结尾 ④author praised him to the manager, appreciated his goodness 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1-2 段：Once shopping, the author was annoyed when an elderly woman ahead paid slowly with change. （一次购物时，排在一位用零钱慢慢结账的老妇人后方，作者起初感到恼火。） 第 3 段：Yet the young employee treated the old lady with great patience and kindness. （但年轻店员十分耐心友善地对待这位老人。） 第 4 段：The author realized her daughter was learning this precious lesson. （作者意识到女儿正在学习这份可贵的品质。） 第 5-6 段：She later reported his good deed to the manager and was thankful for the lesson. （之后她向店长表扬店员，并为这堂课心怀感激。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 Yet 转折体现情节变化；串联事件、心理变化与结局；精简语句，同义改写，控制词数在 60 词以内。 概要写作答案（60 词左右） 01： While shopping, the author was annoyed at first when an elderly woman ahead paid slowly with change. Yet the young employee helped her patiently and kindly. The author realized her daughter learned a valuable lesson. She praised the employee to the manager and felt grateful for the goodness. 02： The passage tells us an experience of shopping.(要点1)One day，the author with two children went to Target for shopping.(要点2)While waiting in line, she found an old lady was troublesome, but the young employee treated her patiently.(要点3)Seeing that, the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her children would learn a lot from this experience.(要点4) Passage 1 【来源】上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第一学期高三年级第二次阶段性教学质量评估英语试卷 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Conspiracy Theories Comfort Conspiracy theories are usually explained as a failure of reasoning. The people who hold them, the argument runs, are credulous, or badly educated, or have been misled by something they read online. The explanation is satisfying, and it is almost certainly incomplete: it says nothing about why a belief with no evidential support should be so attractive in the first place. The first thing to notice is that conspiracy theories are not random. They cluster around events that are frightening, large-scale and poorly explained — a pandemic, an assassination, a financial collapse. When something terrible happens and the official account is either thin or self-serving, the mind is left holding an unanswered question. A conspiracy theory supplies the missing answer, and it does so immediately. What it supplies is not only an answer but a particular kind of answer. A conspiracy theory makes the world coherent. Nothing is accidental; everything is connected; the confusion of daily life resolves into a single plan with a single author. For people who feel that events happen to them rather than being shaped by them, this is genuinely consoling. Randomness is harder to live with than malice. There is also a social reward. To accept a conspiracy theory is to join a group that knows something the majority does not, and membership comes with a flattering explanation of why the majority is wrong. The theory also predicts its own rejection: the fact that most people disagree is treated as further evidence that the plot is working. None of this makes the theories true, and it does not mean the beliefs are harmless. But it does suggest that mockery is a poor remedy, since it confirms exactly what the theory predicts — that the sceptical majority is hostile. If the appeal lies in certainty, in coherence and in belonging, then a better response would supply those things honestly: accessible explanations of what is actually known, and a frank admission of what is not. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Conspiracy theories offer more than answers: they make frightening, poorly explained events coherent, and they give believers the comfort of certainty and of belonging to a knowing minority. Ridicule fails because it confirms their prediction of hostility. Honest explanation of what is and is not known works better. 【导语】文章介绍了阴谋论并非单纯是推理失败，它之所以吸引人，是因为它能在可怕且解释不清的事件中提供连贯答案，给予信徒确定感和归属感。嘲讽只会适得其反，更好的应对方式是诚实地解释已知与未知。 【详解】1. 要点摘录   ①What it supplies is not only an answer but a particular kind of answer. ②.They cluster around events that are frightening, large-scale and poorly explained — a pandemic, an assassination, a financial collapse. ③A conspiracy theory makes the world coherent. ④ There is also a social reward. To accept a conspiracy theory is to join a group that knows something the majority does not, and membership comes with a flattering explanation of why the majority is wrong. ⑤But it does suggest that mockery is a poor remedy, since it confirms exactly what the theory predicts — that the sceptical majority is hostile. ⑥If the appeal lies in certainty, in coherence and in belonging, then a better response would supply those things honestly: accessible explanations of what is actually known, and a frank admission of what is not. 2. 缜密构思  将第1要点进行整合，说明阴谋论的吸引力来源；将第2、3、4两个要点进行重组，将5点进行总结，将6.点进行总结 3. 遣词造句   Conspiracy theories offer more than answers: they make frightening, poorly explained events coherent, and they give believers the comfort of certainty and of belonging to a knowing minority.   Ridicule fails because it confirms their prediction of hostility. Honest explanation of what is and is not known works better. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Honest explanation of what is and is not known works better.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Ridicule fails because it confirms their prediction of hostility.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） Passage 2 【来源】上海市上海海事大学附属北蔡高级中学2026-2027学年高三上学期第一次考试英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. What Makes a Prizewinner Science prizes are often seen as bright lights that guide curiosity toward new areas of discovery. Yet the story is more complicated: these awards not only honour creativity but also change how it grows. When a scientist wins a major prize, something in the way they think and work begins to shift — sometimes in quiet but lasting ways. Researchers recently studied more than twenty-three thousand scientists around the world, including thousands of prizewinners. Before the award, their records looked much the same as those who never won. Both groups published often and were active in their fields. But after the moment of recognition, clear differences began to appear — not in how much they produced, but in the direction their ideas took. Their studies showed a gift for mixing things that did not usually go together. Instead of staying inside familiar areas, they joined distant ideas, connected old thinking with new tools, and combined knowledge from different fields. This rise in creativity often began years before the prize and continued long after the applause ended. Winning, it seems, does not stop imagination —it helps it grow faster. How they worked with others also mattered. Prizewinners’ partnerships were usually shorter, broader, and more varied. They did not always rely on the same friends or teams, but reached out to new people, gaining fresh views and sharing knowledge in unexpected ways. Each piece of research carried a slightly different style, a new voice of its own. Taken together, these habits show scientists who enjoy moving between ideas and people. Their power lies less in hard work alone than in the courage to explore. Science prizes, at their best, celebrate this spirit. But they also remind us that progress depends on keeping chances open for future thinkers. In short, a true prizewinner shines not only through talent, but through the curiosity and openness that turn discovery into a lifelong journey. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考答案 A study reveals that science prizes not only honor creativity but also boost it. Researchers find prizewinners change their research directions, shifting to cross‑field knowledge combination and diverse short‑term cooperation. A true prizewinner owes success to curiosity and openness. 【导语】本文探讨了什么造就了科学获奖者。科学奖项既表彰创造力也影响科学家的科研模式；研究表明获奖科学家获奖后科研方向转变，转向跨领域融合知识，开展多元短期合作；真正的获奖者依靠好奇心与开放探索精神。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Yet the story is more complicated: these awards not only honour creativity but also change how it grows. ②But after the moment of recognition, clear differences began to appear — not in how much they produced, but in the direction their ideas took. ③They joined distant ideas, connected old thinking with new tools, and combined knowledge from different fields. ④Prizewinners’ partnerships were usually shorter, broader, and more varied. ⑤In short, a true prizewinner shines not only through talent, but through the curiosity and openness that turn discovery into a lifelong journey. 2. 缜密构思 将第①个要点进行重组，总结主题；将第②、③、④个要点进行整合，概括获奖者改变研究方向，转向跨领域知识融合、开展多元短期合作；将第⑤个要点进行重组，说明真正获奖者的核心素养。 3. 遣词造句 Science prizes respect scientists’ creativity and exert influence on its growth. Studies discover prizewinners shift their research directions and are good at mixing cross‑field knowledge as well as building various short‑term partnerships. Curiosity and openness contribute to a prizewinner’s success. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A study reveals that science prizes not only honor creativity but also boost it.(使用了that引导宾语从句、not only…but also…结构) 【高分句型2】Researches find prizewinners change their research directions, shifting to cross‑field knowledge combination and diverse short‑term cooperation. (使用了省略that的宾语从句、现在分词作状语) Passage 3 【来源】上海市进才中学2026-2027学年高三上学期第一次月考英语 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Do We Give Weight Too Much Weight? Take your height in metres, square it, then divide it by your weight in kilograms by it. That’s how you calculate your body mass index, or BMI. Between 18 and 25 means a healthy weight; over that, it doesn’t. Simple enough. BMI has become a popular measure for assessing health. On a population level, data backs this up. People with a high BMI are statistically more likely to develop conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and some types of cancer. Checking BMI offers a quick way to assess health and decide if lifestyle changes are needed. However, BMI does not give the full picture. It’s less accurate for some groups of people, such as children, the elderly or athletes. The measure was created in the 19th Century by a Belgian mathematician, which may explain why the figures work better for Europeans than other racial groups. It also ignores some key factors. Someone very active may have significant weight from muscle. BMI doesn’t differentiate between this or the internal fat, which is linked to health problems. It doesn’t account for the range of nutrients or the level of cholesterol (胆固醇) in someone’s diet. So people can have a high BMI yet be relatively healthy, while others with a low BMI may be unhealthy. The simplicity of BMI is attractive and fits with society’s perception of the importance of weight. However, dependence on it as an indicator of health can cause people to feel judged because of their weight. This sometimes leads people to avoid going to the doctors if they expect questions about their weight. While BMI may be a useful measure, experts remind us that it should always be considered alongside other measures, such as blood pressure, blood sugar level, cholesterol level and others. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Summary writing（One possible version） BMI, a popular health measure calculated from height and weight, helps quickly assess health risks such as hypertension and diabetes. However, it is less accurate for children, the elderly, athletes and non-Europeans, and ignores muscle, internal fat and diet. Also, depending on BMI may make people feel judged and avoid doctors. Thus, experts suggest using BMI alongside other measures. 【导语】文章主要介绍 BMI 作为流行的健康评估指标的利弊，并指出专家建议需结合其他指标综合评判健康状况。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①BMI has become a popular measure for assessing health. On a population level, data backs this up. People with a high BMI are statistically more likely to develop conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and some types of cancer. Checking BMI offers a quick way to assess health and decide if lifestyle changes are needed. ②However, BMI does not give the full picture. It’s less accurate for some groups of people, such as children, the elderly or athletes. The measure was created in the 19th Century by a Belgian mathematician, which may explain why the figures work better for Europeans than other racial groups. ③It also ignores some key factors. Someone very active may have significant weight from muscle. BMI doesn’t differentiate between this or the internal fat, which is linked to health problems. It doesn’t account for the range of nutrients or the level of cholesterol in someone’s diet. ④However, dependence on it as an indicator of health can cause people to feel judged because of their weight. This sometimes leads people to avoid going to the doctors if they expect questions about their weight. ⑤While BMI may be a useful measure, experts remind us that it should always be considered alongside other measures, such as blood pressure, blood sugar level, cholesterol level and others. 2. 缜密构思 将①作为 BMI 优点整合；②③合并概括 BMI 的缺陷；④单独概括过度依赖 BMI 带来的负面影响；⑤放在末尾作为总结建议。 3. 遣词造句 BMI, calculated from height and weight, is a popular health measure that can quickly evaluate health risks. Yet BMI has limitations for certain groups and fails to tell muscle apart from harmful internal fat or consider diet factors. Over-reliance on BMI may make people feel judged and prevent them from seeing doctors. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Also, depending on BMI may make people feel judged and avoid doctors.(运用了动名词短语作主语) 【高分句型 2】Thus, experts suggest using BMI alongside other measures.(运用了动名词短语作宾语) Passage 4 【来源】上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2026-2027学年高三十月质量检测英语试题 When Screen Time Equals Opportunity Many of us view a screen time report like a credit card bill — ignorance is bliss. The benefits of logging off are clear: lower stress, improved sleep, reduced headaches and enhanced focus. Kids especially struggle with putting down their phones. According to the American Academy of Paediatrics, teens aged 14 to 17 averaged about 8.5 hours of screen time per day in 2021. And in 2024, 46 percent of 13- to 17-year-olds said they are online “almost constantly, ” according to Pew Research. But what if all that time in front of a screen could actually be good for kids? Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy lauded a recent effort to recruit video gamers that resulted in more than 2,000 new air traffic control trainees. The campaign built a pipeline to the Federal Aviation Administration for young applicants with transferable skills — suggesting all those hours playing Xbox may not have been numbing their brains as their parents warned, but in fact making them employable. And while many kids still aspire to be doctors, teachers and athletes, the social media age offers a new path to success. A Junior Achievement USA study found that 60 percent of teens would rather start their own business than have a traditional job, with two in five of them having been inspired by social media influencers. The turn from consumer to creator has never been so accessible and profitable: Hundreds of bored teens in the pandemic turned silly dances into massive followings that resulted in brand deals and reality TV spots. Colleges are taking note. Arizona State University is offering a content creation major through its Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Critics might argue this is a waste of tuition money or just a flashy repackaging of multimedia journalism. But with media studies courses and electives like podcasting and on-camera presence, students can be steps ahead of ill-produced #dayinmylife videos. Being chronically online doesn’t necessarily guarantee success in the real world, though. A New York financier believed that AI-native hires aren’t as prepared for the corporate world as initially believed. The anonymous financier said his firm now seeks out humanities majors, saying it wants critical thinking skills, not just AI proficiency. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Though screen time is widely seen as damaging, it offers teenagers new opportunities. Online gaming cultivates transferable working skills, and social media inspires teens to become creators and entrepreneurs. Relevant college majors are also available. Nevertheless, frequent online use fails to guarantee success, as companies prefer critical thinking to pure digital competence. 【导语】文章介绍说尽管屏幕时间常被认为有害，但它为青少年带来了新的机遇。网络游戏有助于培养可迁移的工作技能，社交媒体则激励青少年成为创作者和创业者。此外，部分大学也开设了相关专业。然而，频繁使用网络并不能保证成功，因为企业更看重批判性思维，而非单纯的数字能力。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Many of us view a screen time report like a credit card bill — ignorance is bliss. The benefits of logging off are clear: lower stress, improved sleep, reduced headaches and enhanced focus. ②But what if all that time in front of a screen could actually be good for kids? ③The campaign built a pipeline to the Federal Aviation Administration for young applicants with transferable skills — suggesting all those hours playing Xbox may not have been numbing their brains as their parents warned, but in fact making them employable. ④A Junior Achievement USA study found that 60 percent of teens would rather start their own business than have a traditional job, with two in five of them having been inspired by social media influencers. The turn from consumer to creator has never been so accessible and profitable: Hundreds of bored teens in the pandemic turned silly dances into massive followings that resulted in brand deals and reality TV spots. ⑤Colleges are taking note. Arizona State University is offering a content creation major through its Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. ⑥Being chronically online doesn’t necessarily guarantee success in the real world, though...The anonymous financier said his firm now seeks out humanities majors, saying it wants critical thinking skills, not just AI proficiency. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2个要点进行综述，将第3、4、5个要点进行整合，将第6个要点进行总结。 3.遣词造句 While excessive screen time is commonly considered harmful, it can bring teens unexpected benefits. Online games help them develop transferable working skills, and social media platforms motivate many teens to become content creators or run their own businesses. Colleges even launch related majors. Still, heavy online exposure cannot ensure real-world success, since enterprises value critical thinking more than mere digital know-how. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Though screen time is widely seen as damaging, it offers teenagers new opportunities.（运用了Though引导让步状语从句） [高分句型2] Nevertheless, frequent online use fails to guarantee success, as companies prefer critical thinking to pure digital competence.（运用了as引导原因状语从句） Passage 5 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do I Get Anxious Thoughts Late at Night? Sleep problems are surprisingly common, with many adults struggling to fall asleep because of anxious thoughts. Research from the University of Oxford shows that people with sleeplessness tend to focus more on worries at bedtime, while good sleepers think of little in particular. Many people have experienced falling asleep easily in front of the TV, only to lie awake once in bed. This highlights a key reason for nighttime anxiety: the sudden lack of distraction. During the day and evening, the brain is constantly engaged — working, socialising, or watching something. But once the lights are off, external stimulation disappears, leaving the mind free to turn inward. At this point, it often dwells on past events or future concerns, the two main sources of worry. Psychologists suggest that trying to push these thoughts away doesn’t really work. Often, the more you resist them, the more they seem to stick around. A better approach is to notice them and simply let them pass. For worries about the past, one useful method is to write in a journal before bed. Studies have shown that people who record their thoughts and feelings fall asleep more quickly. Putting concerns onto paper seems to reduce their mental impact, making it easier to relax. For others, it is future tasks that cause anxiety, especially at the start of the week when responsibilities feel too much to handle. Research supports the idea that writing a to-do list before bedtime can help. In one study, participants who wrote down upcoming tasks fell asleep faster than those who simply reflected on what they had already done. Writing appears to organise thoughts and reduce mental overload. In general, worrying is normal. The key is to manage it, not remove it. If you deal with worries earlier in the day, you’re less likely to feel stressed at night and can sleep more easily. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       People often feel anxious at night because the brain lacks daytime distractions and turns inward. Trying to resist worries makes them worse. A better approach is to manage worries by journaling about the past or making to-do lists for future tasks, which helps reduce mental overload and improve sleep.   【导语】本文主要分析了人们深夜易产生焦虑思绪的原因，并介绍了应对深夜焦虑、改善睡眠的有效方法。    【详解】1.要点摘录 ① Research shows that people with sleeplessness focus more on worries at bedtime.     ② The sudden lack of distraction after lights off leaves the mind free to turn inward, dwelling on past or future concerns.     ③ Trying to push anxious thoughts away doesn’t work; resisting makes them stick more.     ④ Writing in a journal before bed helps reduce the mental impact of past worries.     ⑤ Writing a to-do list before bed helps organize thoughts and reduce mental overload from future tasks.   2. 缜密构思     将第1、2点整合为夜间焦虑产生的原因；将第3点作为错误应对方式；将第4、5点作为两种正确管理策略。 3.遣词造句 People often feel anxious at night because the brain lacks daytime distractions and turns inward. Trying to resist worries makes them worse. A better approach is to manage worries by journaling about the past or making to-do lists for future tasks, which helps reduce mental overload and improve sleep.   【点睛】【高分句型1】People often feel anxious at night because the brain lacks daytime distractions and turns inward.(运用了because引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】A better approach is to manage worries by journaling about the past or making to-do lists for future tasks, which helps reduce mental overload and improve sleep.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 2018年1月高考真题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  To Laugh Is Human Most of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh. Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships. Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people’s laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another. Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with. 参考答案： Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laugh? We laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugh more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted cooperation, enabling humans to survive better.  (59w) (be born with= be inborn/ accepted= recognized= identified/ be born out of= evolve from =come from =originate from) Laughter is unconscious, infectious and basic. It brings us a trustworthy, comfortable and honest feeling, thus better maintaining friendships. Chances are that we laugh more with others around, contributing to prompting recognition and feeling more connected with one another. Scientists assure that laughter resulted in greater cooperation between individuals in ancient times, as better cooperation leads to survival. (58w) We were born with the ability of helping and scientists think the reason why we laugh is that we feel connected with others and we want to be recognized by others. Besides, laughter helps people to cooperate to survive with. (40w) 1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 08 概要写作各类体裁写法详解 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 普通类说明文概要写作 考向02 实验研究类说明文概要写作 考向03 议论文概要写作 考向04 记叙文概要写作 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 普通类说明文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【来源】上海市七宝中学2026-2027学年高三上学期开学考试 Beyond Holiday Cheer: Navigating Low Moods in the Festive Season As the end of the year quickly approaches, for many people, so do the holiday blues. What is it about this traditionally joyful and restful time of year that somehow produces the perfect storm of stress, isolation, and overextension that can leave us feeling sad, depleted, disconnected, and alone? While some of us get into the full swing of the holiday spirit, others feel less than merry or happy and fail to feel engaged in the media-hyped joys of the season. All this merry-making and missing out is going on during the shortest days of the year when our circadian rhythms are negatively impacted by the lack of daylight, which leaves some of us struggling with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Now let’s take a look at how to manage our moods and make the holiday season one that you can enjoy in your own fashion. Set an intention to be kind to yourself, as well as to others. If you celebrate the holidays, set reasonable limits on your spending and manage your time and efforts wisely. If you’re hosting a party or a holiday meal, ask for help if you need it. If you feel exhausted by nonstop social commitments, politely decline an invitation or two. If you struggle at this time of the year, consider approaching the holiday season in a new and more positive way. Set the intention to enjoy your own life and time with those you love in a way that suits who you are, right now. Plan a special outing, a festive meal, or a get-together with friends. It’s important to remember that every day, you are living your life, and you can set your own rules. Focus on what brings you joy and happiness. This may be the holiday season, but it’s your time to spend with whomever you choose, doing what you want. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍不少人在节日期间会陷入情绪低落，并分析了相关诱因，同时给出两条可行的调节情绪的建议。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 文章采用 “总 — 分” 结构。开头提出很多人在节日期间会情绪低落，点明该现象由压力、孤独、劳累以及日照不足引发的季节性情绪失调造成；随后给出调节情绪的对策。 第 1 段：引出话题 —— 不少人在节日期间会情绪低落。 第 2 段：说明诱因：社交落差、日照不足引发季节性情绪失调（SAD），引出下文调节方法。 第 3 段：建议善待自己，合理管控开销、时间，学会拒绝超负荷社交。 第 4 段：建议用适合自己的积极方式过节，遵从自身感受，选择能带来快乐的活动。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1. 引言 ①holiday blues, stress, isolation, tiredness 2. 成因 ②media-hyped joy, lack of daylight, seasonal affective disorder (SAD) 3. 建议一 ③be kind to oneself, set limits on spending and time, refuse social invitations 4. 建议二 ④positive approach, suit oneself, focus on one’s own joy 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1、2 段：Many people suffer from holiday blues, caused by stress, loneliness and lack of daylight which may lead to seasonal affective disorder. （很多人会出现节日情绪低落，诱因包括压力、孤独以及日照不足，后者可能引发季节性情绪失调。） 第 3 段：One tip is to be self-compassionate, set proper limits and turn down tiring social activities. （一条建议是善待自己，设立合理界限，拒绝耗费精力的社交活动。） 第 4 段：Besides, people can celebrate in their own suitable ways and focus on what brings them joy. （此外，人们可以用适合自己的方式过节，专注能给自己带来快乐的事。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “caused by” 引出原因；使用 “One tip is…”“Besides” 分层引出两条建议，体现并列逻辑；句式简洁，替换原文表达，控制词数。 概要写作答案（60 词左右） 01：Many people suffer from holiday blues, resulting from stress, loneliness and lack of daylight which may cause seasonal affective disorder. One tip is to be kind to yourself, set proper limits and refuse exhausting social events. Besides, you can celebrate in ways that suit you and focus on what brings you joy. 02：Many people suffer from holiday blues, caused by stress, loneliness and lack of daylight. However, we can handle low moods properly. We should be kind to ourselves, set reasonable limits and refuse tiring social activities. Besides, we can enjoy the season in our own suitable way and focus on things bringing us joy. 考向02 实验研究类说明文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【来源】上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题 Music is instrumental in learning how to read Learning to play an instrument seems to boost reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that comprise words. They also showed better reading skills. In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of their brain to process music and speech, and sometimes they rely more on the right side. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. However, music training can also lead to specialization in the right hemisphere of the brain, fostering faster reading, she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究发现学习乐器有助于提升儿童阅读能力，并借助实验与脑部扫描解释背后的大脑语音加工机制。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 文章采用 “总 — 分” 结构。开篇点明学习乐器能够提升儿童阅读能力；接着介绍对照实验，证实乐器学习能增强孩子语音意识；再通过脑部扫描发现，接受音乐训练的孩子拥有更接近成人的语言加工模式；最后补充专家观点，音乐训练还可激活右脑功能从而加快阅读速度。 第 1 段：提出观点，学乐器有助于孩子阅读能力发展。 第 2-3 段：介绍对照实验，学乐器的孩子语音意识和阅读表现更好。 第 4-5 段：脑扫描显示，接受音乐训练的儿童具备更接近成人的语言处理方式。 第 6 段：专家补充，音乐训练也可促进右脑专门化，加快阅读。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1. 引言 ①learn an instrument, boost children’s reading skills 2-3. 对照实验 ②experiment, musical training, better phonological awareness, reading performance 4-5. 脑部扫描结果 ③brain scan, more adult-like language processing 6. 专家补充 ④right hemisphere specialization, faster reading 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1 段：A study finds that learning a musical instrument helps improve young children’s reading skills. （一项研究发现学习乐器有助于提升低龄儿童的阅读能力。） 第 2-3 段：The experiment proves musical training strengthens children’s phonological awareness. （该实验证明音乐训练可以增强儿童的语音意识。） 第 4-5 段：Brain scans show these children develop more adult-like language processing. （脑部扫描显示这类孩子形成了更接近成人的语言加工模式。） 第 6 段：Besides, musical training may also bring about right-brain specialization for faster reading. （此外，音乐训练也可促成右脑功能专门化，实现更快阅读。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “A study finds that” 引出核心结论；“The experiment shows”、“Besides” 依次衔接实验结果与补充观点；精简从句，替换原文词汇，控制总词数在 60 词以内。 概要写作答案（60 词左右） 【01】A study shows learning an instrument improves children’s reading skills. The experiment proves musical training enhances kids’ phonological awareness. Brain scans reveal these children have more adult-like language processing. Besides, such training may also lead to right hemisphere specialization to speed up reading. 【02】    It was unclear how musical training improves early reading. A study of 57 children found the instrument learners outperformed non-musical peers in phonological awareness and reading skills. Brain scans showed lower left-brain language-center activity in instrument learners who still scored higher in reading, suggesting adult-like language processing. Experts say music training also promotes right brain specialization. 考向03 议论文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【来源】上海市上海师范大学附属宝山罗店中学2026-2027学年第一学期高三年级第一次诊断调研英语 For decades, it has been common practice for rich countries to give aid to poor counterparts. However, in recent years there has been a growing belief that international aid could be harmful to the recipients. I agree that giving aid to poor countries could do more harm than good. It is true that foreign aid has some benefits. Poor countries can use financial aid to build infrastructure such as roads and schools, thereby facilitating economic growth. Millions of Africans now have access to clean water wells, built with aid money, when previously many of them got sick drinking filthy water. When natural disasters strike poor countries, it is common for the international community to send medical assistance and food to them, thus helping to relieve the suffering of those affected and save lives. However, international aid has far more drawbacks. Around the globe poor countries are often troubled by poor governance, and it is likely that aid to these countries will end up being embezzled (盗用) by corrupt officials, rather than bringing real, concrete benefits to people in need. In war-torn areas, financial assistance may even be used to purchase weapons and in effect fuel conflicts. Foreign aid also has the effect of disrupting the local markets of the recipient countries. When farmers can receive free food on a regular basis they may lose the incentives to grow food on their own. This will hinder the growth of the food industry and create a culture of dependence that is harmful to a country’s long-term development. In summary, although international aid does have its positive aspects, these remain limited in both scope and scale. In many cases, giving aid to poor countries often defeats its purpose, and governments throughout the world should be prudent  (审慎的) when it comes to sending and receiving aid. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为对贫困国家的国际援助弊大于利，先简要承认援助有一定益处，再重点阐述其诸多弊端，最后建议各国对待对外援助保持审慎态度。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 文章采用 “总 — 分 — 总” 结构。开头亮明观点：国际援助对受援国弊大于利；第二段让步，介绍援助的积极作用；第三段重点论述弊端：援助资金易被贪污、助长冲突、破坏本土市场并催生依赖；结尾总结，援助好处有限，各国对待援助应当谨慎。 第 1 段：作者提出观点，国际援助给贫困国家带来的害处可能大于好处。 第 2 段：让步说明，援助可帮助基建、改善民生、救灾救人。 第 3 段：阐述主要弊端：资金遭腐败挪用、激化战乱、冲击本土产业，造成依赖。 第 4 段：总结，援助积极作用有限，各国收发援助都需审慎。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1. 观点 ①international aid, poor countries, do more harm than good 2. 让步优点 ②benefits: infrastructure, disaster relief, basic living improvement 3. 弊端 ③corruption, fuel conflicts, disturb local markets, create dependence 4. 总结 ④limited benefits, governments should be prudent about aid 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1 段：The author argues that international aid to poor countries may do more harm than good. （作者认为给贫困国家的国际援助可能弊大于利。） 第 2 段：Admittedly, aid can help build infrastructure and relieve disaster suffering. （诚然，援助可以助力基建建设、缓解灾害带来的苦难。） 第 3 段：However, it may be stolen, fuel conflicts, ruin local markets and cause dependence. （然而，援助资金可能被侵占、激化冲突、破坏本土市场并造成依赖。） 第 4 段：Thus governments should be cautious when sending or receiving such aid. （因此各国政府在收发援助时应当保持谨慎。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 Admittedly 进行让步转折，However 引出核心弊端，Thus 引出总结；压缩长句，同义改写原文，严格控制词数不超过 60 词。 概要写作答案（60 词左右） 【01】 The author holds international aid for poor countries may do more harm than good. Admittedly, it helps build infrastructure and relieve disaster suffering. However, aid may be embezzled, fuel conflicts, disrupt local markets and create dependence. Therefore, governments should be prudent with international aid. 【02】Although international aid benefits poor countries by building infrastructure, providing clean water and disaster relief, it has more serious drawbacks. Aid may be embezzled by corrupt officials, finance weapons in war zones, disrupt local markets and create dependence, hindering long-term development. Thus, despite limited merits, aid often defeats its purpose, so governments should handle it prudently. 考向04 记叙文概要写作 · 记叙文概要写作详解 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly. I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me. But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind. As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger. When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson. If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在超市排队时起初因一位老人缓慢结账而烦躁，看到店员耐心友善地帮助老人后深受触动，女儿也从中受到熏陶，作者随后向店长表扬了这名店员。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 我们先找出记叙文的六要素： · When—One day · Where—went to Target · Who— the writer with two children · What—for shopping; found an old lady was troublesome · How/Why—was touched by · Result— her children would learn a lot from this experience 文章按照事情发展顺序展开。开篇交代背景：作者带孩子购物，本想快速结账；接着作者起初因前面老人零钱结账心生不快；随后看到店员温柔耐心帮助老人；作者意识到女儿正在目睹善意，自己也深受教育；之后作者向店长表扬该店员，收获了宝贵的一课。 第 1-2 段：作者带孩子去超市购物，排队时，因前面老太太用零钱逐样结账而感到不耐烦。 第 3 段：年轻店员全程耐心、温和地帮助老人清点零钱、打包商品。 第 4 段：作者意识到女儿正在旁观这份善意，收获一堂关于耐心与善良的课。 第 5-6 段：结账后作者找到店长表扬店员，内心满怀感激。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1-2. 开端 ①shopping at Target, elderly woman, paying with change, frustrated 3. 经过 ②young employee, patient and kind, help the woman 4. 感悟 ③daughter witnessed kindness, valuable lesson 5-6. 结尾 ④author praised him to the manager, appreciated his goodness 段落 关键词 1-2. 开端 ①shopping at Target, elderly woman, paying with change, frustrated 3. 经过 ②young employee, patient and kind, help the woman 4. 感悟 ③daughter witnessed kindness, valuable lesson 5-6. 结尾 ④author praised him to the manager, appreciated his goodness 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第 1-2 段：Once shopping, the author was annoyed when an elderly woman ahead paid slowly with change. （一次购物时，排在一位用零钱慢慢结账的老妇人后方，作者起初感到恼火。） 第 3 段：Yet the young employee treated the old lady with great patience and kindness. （但年轻店员十分耐心友善地对待这位老人。） 第 4 段：The author realized her daughter was learning this precious lesson. （作者意识到女儿正在学习这份可贵的品质。） 第 5-6 段：She later reported his good deed to the manager and was thankful for the lesson. （之后她向店长表扬店员，并为这堂课心怀感激。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 Yet 转折体现情节变化；串联事件、心理变化与结局；精简语句，同义改写，控制词数在 60 词以内。 概要写作答案（60 词左右） 01： While shopping, the author was annoyed at first when an elderly woman ahead paid slowly with change. Yet the young employee helped her patiently and kindly. The author realized her daughter learned a valuable lesson. She praised the employee to the manager and felt grateful for the goodness. 02： The passage tells us an experience of shopping.(要点1)One day，the author with two children went to Target for shopping.(要点2)While waiting in line, she found an old lady was troublesome, but the young employee treated her patiently.(要点3)Seeing that, the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her children would learn a lot from this experience.(要点4) Passage 1 【来源】上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第一学期高三年级第二次阶段性教学质量评估英语试卷 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Conspiracy Theories Comfort Conspiracy theories are usually explained as a failure of reasoning. The people who hold them, the argument runs, are credulous, or badly educated, or have been misled by something they read online. The explanation is satisfying, and it is almost certainly incomplete: it says nothing about why a belief with no evidential support should be so attractive in the first place. The first thing to notice is that conspiracy theories are not random. They cluster around events that are frightening, large-scale and poorly explained — a pandemic, an assassination, a financial collapse. When something terrible happens and the official account is either thin or self-serving, the mind is left holding an unanswered question. A conspiracy theory supplies the missing answer, and it does so immediately. What it supplies is not only an answer but a particular kind of answer. A conspiracy theory makes the world coherent. Nothing is accidental; everything is connected; the confusion of daily life resolves into a single plan with a single author. For people who feel that events happen to them rather than being shaped by them, this is genuinely consoling. Randomness is harder to live with than malice. There is also a social reward. To accept a conspiracy theory is to join a group that knows something the majority does not, and membership comes with a flattering explanation of why the majority is wrong. The theory also predicts its own rejection: the fact that most people disagree is treated as further evidence that the plot is working. None of this makes the theories true, and it does not mean the beliefs are harmless. But it does suggest that mockery is a poor remedy, since it confirms exactly what the theory predicts — that the sceptical majority is hostile. If the appeal lies in certainty, in coherence and in belonging, then a better response would supply those things honestly: accessible explanations of what is actually known, and a frank admission of what is not. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 【来源】上海市上海海事大学附属北蔡高级中学2026-2027学年高三上学期第一次考试英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. What Makes a Prizewinner Science prizes are often seen as bright lights that guide curiosity toward new areas of discovery. Yet the story is more complicated: these awards not only honour creativity but also change how it grows. When a scientist wins a major prize, something in the way they think and work begins to shift — sometimes in quiet but lasting ways. Researchers recently studied more than twenty-three thousand scientists around the world, including thousands of prizewinners. Before the award, their records looked much the same as those who never won. Both groups published often and were active in their fields. But after the moment of recognition, clear differences began to appear — not in how much they produced, but in the direction their ideas took. Their studies showed a gift for mixing things that did not usually go together. Instead of staying inside familiar areas, they joined distant ideas, connected old thinking with new tools, and combined knowledge from different fields. This rise in creativity often began years before the prize and continued long after the applause ended. Winning, it seems, does not stop imagination —it helps it grow faster. How they worked with others also mattered. Prizewinners’ partnerships were usually shorter, broader, and more varied. They did not always rely on the same friends or teams, but reached out to new people, gaining fresh views and sharing knowledge in unexpected ways. Each piece of research carried a slightly different style, a new voice of its own. Taken together, these habits show scientists who enjoy moving between ideas and people. Their power lies less in hard work alone than in the courage to explore. Science prizes, at their best, celebrate this spirit. But they also remind us that progress depends on keeping chances open for future thinkers. In short, a true prizewinner shines not only through talent, but through the curiosity and openness that turn discovery into a lifelong journey. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 【来源】上海市进才中学2026-2027学年高三上学期第一次月考英语 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Do We Give Weight Too Much Weight? Take your height in metres, square it, then divide it by your weight in kilograms by it. That’s how you calculate your body mass index, or BMI. Between 18 and 25 means a healthy weight; over that, it doesn’t. Simple enough. BMI has become a popular measure for assessing health. On a population level, data backs this up. People with a high BMI are statistically more likely to develop conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and some types of cancer. Checking BMI offers a quick way to assess health and decide if lifestyle changes are needed. However, BMI does not give the full picture. It’s less accurate for some groups of people, such as children, the elderly or athletes. The measure was created in the 19th Century by a Belgian mathematician, which may explain why the figures work better for Europeans than other racial groups. It also ignores some key factors. Someone very active may have significant weight from muscle. BMI doesn’t differentiate between this or the internal fat, which is linked to health problems. It doesn’t account for the range of nutrients or the level of cholesterol (胆固醇) in someone’s diet. So people can have a high BMI yet be relatively healthy, while others with a low BMI may be unhealthy. The simplicity of BMI is attractive and fits with society’s perception of the importance of weight. However, dependence on it as an indicator of health can cause people to feel judged because of their weight. This sometimes leads people to avoid going to the doctors if they expect questions about their weight. While BMI may be a useful measure, experts remind us that it should always be considered alongside other measures, such as blood pressure, blood sugar level, cholesterol level and others. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 【来源】上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2026-2027学年高三十月质量检测英语试题 When Screen Time Equals Opportunity Many of us view a screen time report like a credit card bill — ignorance is bliss. The benefits of logging off are clear: lower stress, improved sleep, reduced headaches and enhanced focus. Kids especially struggle with putting down their phones. According to the American Academy of Paediatrics, teens aged 14 to 17 averaged about 8.5 hours of screen time per day in 2021. And in 2024, 46 percent of 13- to 17-year-olds said they are online “almost constantly, ” according to Pew Research. But what if all that time in front of a screen could actually be good for kids? Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy lauded a recent effort to recruit video gamers that resulted in more than 2,000 new air traffic control trainees. The campaign built a pipeline to the Federal Aviation Administration for young applicants with transferable skills — suggesting all those hours playing Xbox may not have been numbing their brains as their parents warned, but in fact making them employable. And while many kids still aspire to be doctors, teachers and athletes, the social media age offers a new path to success. A Junior Achievement USA study found that 60 percent of teens would rather start their own business than have a traditional job, with two in five of them having been inspired by social media influencers. The turn from consumer to creator has never been so accessible and profitable: Hundreds of bored teens in the pandemic turned silly dances into massive followings that resulted in brand deals and reality TV spots. Colleges are taking note. Arizona State University is offering a content creation major through its Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Critics might argue this is a waste of tuition money or just a flashy repackaging of multimedia journalism. But with media studies courses and electives like podcasting and on-camera presence, students can be steps ahead of ill-produced #dayinmylife videos. Being chronically online doesn’t necessarily guarantee success in the real world, though. A New York financier believed that AI-native hires aren’t as prepared for the corporate world as initially believed. The anonymous financier said his firm now seeks out humanities majors, saying it wants critical thinking skills, not just AI proficiency. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do I Get Anxious Thoughts Late at Night? Sleep problems are surprisingly common, with many adults struggling to fall asleep because of anxious thoughts. Research from the University of Oxford shows that people with sleeplessness tend to focus more on worries at bedtime, while good sleepers think of little in particular. Many people have experienced falling asleep easily in front of the TV, only to lie awake once in bed. This highlights a key reason for nighttime anxiety: the sudden lack of distraction. During the day and evening, the brain is constantly engaged — working, socialising, or watching something. But once the lights are off, external stimulation disappears, leaving the mind free to turn inward. At this point, it often dwells on past events or future concerns, the two main sources of worry. Psychologists suggest that trying to push these thoughts away doesn’t really work. Often, the more you resist them, the more they seem to stick around. A better approach is to notice them and simply let them pass. For worries about the past, one useful method is to write in a journal before bed. Studies have shown that people who record their thoughts and feelings fall asleep more quickly. Putting concerns onto paper seems to reduce their mental impact, making it easier to relax. For others, it is future tasks that cause anxiety, especially at the start of the week when responsibilities feel too much to handle. Research supports the idea that writing a to-do list before bedtime can help. In one study, participants who wrote down upcoming tasks fell asleep faster than those who simply reflected on what they had already done. Writing appears to organise thoughts and reduce mental overload. In general, worrying is normal. The key is to manage it, not remove it. If you deal with worries earlier in the day, you’re less likely to feel stressed at night and can sleep more easily. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2018年1月高考真题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  To Laugh Is Human Most of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh. Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships. Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people’s laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another. Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with. 1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $