精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the far corner of the yard outside Mountain Oak Charter School, a boy of 9 or 10 is digging a hole. A few other children are standing nearby, ____1____ (take) a turn with the shovel (铁锹). Mountain Oak is a school that offers an education inspired by Waldorf, a progressive model that encourages exploration of the natural world and ____2____ (reject) the use of technology in the classroom and even in the home. Waldorf private schools have been around for 100 years, and the first ____3____ (launch) by educator Rudolf Steiner in Germany. But they have been experiencing a boom in the U.S. In addition to staying away from technology, the schools tend to delay formal reading instruction — say, ____4____ the students are 7 — and testing, and to reserve kindergarten entirely for imaginative play, especially with blocks and natural materials such as leaves and other things ____5____ (find) outdoors. ____6____ students at all levels receive is extensive instruction in music and art. They also do physical exercises in the classroom ____7____ (break) up their lessons. But this model is no longer limited to private education. In recent years Waldorf-inspired schools have begun popping up — there are almost 50 — especially in the West. Mountain Oak is ____8____ of the older ones, established in 1999. It serves about 150 students in grades pre-K through 8, about half of ____9____ receive a free or reduced-price lunch. Mountain Oak students perform at the state average on tests, but the school has been given an A grade by Arizona’s state education department _____10_____ the academic improvement its students experience compared with their peers with similar backgrounds at public schools. 【答案】1. taking 2. rejects 3. was launched 4. until 5. found 6. What 7. to break 8. one 9. whom 10. for 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述华德福教育模式的理念、起源，以及受该理念启发的 Mountain Oak 特许学校的办学特色与办学成效。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几个孩子站在旁边，轮流使用铁锹。句子谓语动词是are standing，空格处填入非谓语动词，take (a turn)“轮流”与其逻辑主语A few other children之间为主动关系，现在分词taking在句中作伴随状语。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：山橡学校提供受华德福启发的教育，这是一种进步教育模式，鼓励探索自然世界，拒绝在课堂甚至家中使用电子设备。先行词a progressive model是单数，and连接并列成分，和encourages并列作定语从句中的谓语，用第三人称单数形式rejects。 【3题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：华德福私立学校已有百年历史，第一所由教育家鲁道夫・斯坦纳在德国创办。主语the first指代第一所华德福学校，和launch“创办”是被动关系，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数概念，填入was launched。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：除了远离科技，学校往往会推迟正式的阅读教学——比如，直到学生7岁——和测试，并将幼儿园完全留给富有想象力的游戏，尤其是使用积木和天然材料，如树叶和其他户外物品。表示“直到”，引导时间状语从句，用连词until。 【5题详解】 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：同上。things和find“发现”之间为被动关系，过去分词found修饰前面名词things，作后置定语。 【6题详解】 考查主语从句引导词。句意：各个年级学生都会接受大量音乐和美术相关课程。空格处引导主语从句，在从句中作receive的宾语，指代事物，用what引导该从句，句首单词首字母大写。 【7题详解】 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：学生也会在教室里进行体育活动，用来调剂课堂。进行体育活动的目的是调剂课堂，不定式to break在句中作目的状语。 【8题详解】 考查代词。句意：山橡学校是办学时间较早的学校之一，1999年建立。表示众多同类学校当中的一所，用代词one作表语。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：学校招收学前班到八年级共约150名学生，其中大约一半享受免费或低价午餐。先行词students指人，介词of之后用关系代词whom，构成介词+whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：山橡学校学生测试成绩达到州平均水平，但亚利桑那州教育部门给这所学校评了A级，原因是该校学生相较于公立学校背景相似同龄人取得的学业进步。此处表示“因为、由于”的含义，用介词for引出原因状语。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. abuse B. assist C. current D. fearful E. oral F. presence G. prospect H. receptive I. recommending J. recovering K. response Storytime Is for “Everyone” In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration and an improved ability to socialize. The second-century Greek doctor Antyllus even prescribed (开药方) daily recitation to his patients, ____11____ it as a kind of health-giving medicine. We are not the only species to benefit from this kind of ____12____ medicine. Dogs do, too, which is why, since 2014, volunteers at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals have read to the animals under the group’s care. “Ten or fifteen years ago, I was essentially the only person who worked with the neglect and ____13____ cases,” says Victoria Wells, the organization’s senior manager for behavior and training. “I used to sit with them, and play guitar and sing. I used to play the Beatles. I noticed that the dogs who were very ____14____ would slowly move forward to the front. They would appear to be listening, and they would become very relaxed.” The dogs’ ____15____ to music led in a natural way to the idea of reading aloud. It was a practical means of allowing a larger number of volunteers to minister to ____16____ animals. Some volunteers keep the animals informed of ____17____ events by reading the newspaper, some choose children’s books, and others prefer fiction. On the day I stopped by, a retired opera singer was reading the sci-fi fiction Logan’s Run to half a dozen dogs. “The dogs really enjoy the reading,” Wells says. “We noticed that it really does ____18____ in the standard behavior treatment. The dogs are much more ____19____ to us, and they seem more comfortable in general. I think it’s that comforting tone of voice and the ____20____ of somebody to keep them company that really, really benefits them.” 【答案】11. I 12. E 13. A 14. D 15. K 16. J 17. C 18. B 19. H 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了志愿者为救助站的狗狗朗读，这种口头方式辅助治疗，让胆小的狗狗变得放松、愿意亲近人。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：二世纪的希腊医生Antyllus甚至给病人开每日诵读的方子，把它推荐为一种保健疗法。句子已有谓语prescribed，此空是非谓语；根据“it”指代“daily recitation”以及“as a kind of health-giving medicine”可知，此空是现在分词recommending，意为“推荐”，作状语。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们并不是唯一从这类口头疗法中受益的物种。根据第一段“daily recitation”以及空后名词“medicine”可知，此空是形容词oral，意为“口头的”，作定语。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：该机构负责行为与训练的高级经理Victoria Wells说：“十到十五年前，基本上只有我一个人处理遭忽视和虐待的动物案例。”根据“the neglect and”可知，此空是名词且偏负面含义，填abuse，意为“虐待”，作定语修饰cases。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我注意到那些十分胆怯的狗会慢慢挪到前面来。根据“would slowly move forward to the front”以及“were”可推知，狗狗原本胆小害怕不敢动，此空是形容词fearful，意为“害怕的”，作表语。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：狗狗们对音乐的反应很自然地催生了大声朗读这个想法。根据“They would appear to be listening, and they would become very relaxed.”以及“The dogs’ ____ to”可知，此空是名词response，意为“反应”，作主语。response to是固定搭配，意为“对……的反应”。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：这是一个可行办法，让更多志愿者照料正在康复的动物。根据空后名词“animals”以及救助动物的背景可知，此空是现在分词recovering，意为“康复中的”，作定语。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一些志愿者通过读报纸让动物了解时事，一些志愿者选择儿童读物，还有一些更喜欢小说。根据空后名词“events”以及“reading the newspaper”可知，此空是形容词current，作定语。current events是固定搭配，意为“时事”。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们注意到朗读确实在标准行为治疗中起到辅助作用。根据本段末句“keep them company that really, really benefits them”以及“does”后接动词原形可知，此空是assist。assist in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面起帮助作用”。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：狗狗对我们接纳度高很多，总体看起来也更放松。根据“be ____ to”以及“comforting tone of voice”可知，此空是形容词receptive，作表语。be receptive to是固定搭配，意为“愿意接纳，乐于接受”。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：我认为，真正让他们受益的，正是那种让人安心的语气，以及有一个人陪伴在身边的这份存在。根据“the ____ of”以及“keep them company”可知，此空是名词presence，意为“在场”，作主语。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Nearly two years ago, I’d spent some time trying to fix up my bike at a local bike shop, when one of the volunteers told me that the chain was worn, and I should come back soon to replace it. A week later, the first lockdown began and I put the chain out of my mind. A few weeks later, it ____21____ beneath me and I found myself face down in a pool of my own blood. When I wrote about my misfortune, I neglected to mention the most obvious lesson: replace your bike chain at the first sign of ____22____. But I am not alone in that ____23____. We understand the expertise of doorkeepers, plumbers and mechanics, and we suffer greatly in their absence, yet somehow we take them for granted. We take for granted, too, the most basic maintenance of all, like preparing food and washing clothes. Nobody would talk ____24____ at a dinner party about doing any of this, yet it is essential. Maintenance is so ____25____ that we don’t really know how much of a problem we have. In his book The Shock of the Old, David Edgerton writes, “Maintenance has lived in a twilight (朦胧的、模糊的) world, hardly visible in the formal accounts societies make of themselves. In the economic and production statistics, for example, it is ____26____ ”. Maintenance is more ____27____ than manufacturing. It requires diagnosis, judgment and improvisation. We can build robots that make dishwashers, but we can’t build robots that repair them. As automation closes in on a world ____28____ respected, skilled and fulfilling blue-collar jobs, perhaps we should be taking maintenance more seriously. And maintenance can ____29____ communities. Elinor Ostrom, the first woman to win a Nobel memorial prize in economics, once studied Nepalese communities before and after modern dams and irrigation (灌溉) systems were installed by development agencies. There had always been a ____30____ between farming communities upstream and downstream: we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream. But the modern dams needed fewer ____31____, and so the bargain fell apart, leaving the modern system less effective than the traditional irrigation. The need to maintain the old irrigation system was also helping to ____32____ strong relationships between villages. A few months after my ____33____, I ventured out to the White Horse of Uffington, a monument in the Oxfordshire countryside that has endured for 3,000 years thanks only to tireless maintenance as villagers from miles around would gather to “wash” or “chalk” the horse. It’s a lot of work, but perhaps that is the ____34____: historians think that the horse was created and maintained as a way of bringing a community together with a regular ritual (仪式). Perhaps that is over-romanticising things. Whatever we view maintenance as, it is ____35____. Without it, everything falls apart. 21. A. gave way B. took off C. set in D. went on 22. A. resistance B. trouble C. improvement D. trust 23. A. innovation B. patience C. treatment D. oversight 24. A. proudly B. negatively C. luckily D. wrongly 25. A. underlined B. understood C. underrated D. understaffed 26. A. informal B. invisible C. simple D. complex 27. A. traditional B. natural C. worrisome D. varied 28. A. crying out for B. coming up with C. going out of D. leading up to 29. A. manage B. investigate C. build D. enlarge 30. A. link B. bargain C. difference D. barrier 31. A. places B. costs C. repairs D. chances 32. A. maintain B. identify C. describe D. influence 33. A. request B. departure C. journey D. accident 34. A. problem B. point C. source D. direction 35. A. undependable B. inadequate C. inescapable D. unacceptable 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】文章以作者自行车链条损坏的个人经历引入，论证“维护”被严重低估，呼吁人们重视维护工作及其社会价值。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：几周之后，车链在我身下断裂，我脸朝下摔在地上，血流了一地。A. gave way断裂；B. took off起飞；C. set in开始；D. went on继续。根据前文“Nearly two years ago, I’d spent some time trying to fix up my bike at a local bike shop, when one of the volunteers told me that the chain was worn, and I should come back soon to replace it. A week later, the first lockdown began and I put the chain out of my mind.”可知，志愿者提醒车链磨损，需要尽快更换，而作者忘记更换，以至于脸朝下摔在血泊里，说明自行车链条断裂失效导致作者摔倒。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：当我写下这次倒霉经历时，我忽略了那个最浅显的教训：一出现故障迹象，就要换掉自行车链条。A. resistance抵抗；B. trouble故障；C. improvement改善；D. trust信任。根据前文“one of the volunteers told me that the chain was worn”及“When I wrote about my misfortune, I neglected to mention the most obvious lesson”可知，此处是作者得到的教训：一出现故障迹象就该更换自行车链条，trouble表示“问题、故障”，对应前文链条磨损的隐患。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：但有这种疏忽的并不只有我一个人。A. innovation创新；B. patience耐心；C. treatment治疗；D. oversight疏忽。根据前文“I neglected to mention the most obvious lesson”可知，作者忽略了换链条的教训，这里说不止作者有这种疏忽，oversight呼应前文的neglected。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：没有人会在晚宴上自豪地聊起做这些琐事，可它们却必不可少。A. proudly自豪地；B. negatively消极地；C. luckily幸运地；D. wrongly错误地。根据前文“We take for granted, too, the most basic maintenance of all, like preparing food and washing clothes.”可知，人们把做饭、洗衣这类基础维护琐事当成理所当然的事，不是值得炫耀的事，所以不会被人们自豪地谈论。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：维护工作被严重低估，以至于我们并不清楚我们面临多大的问题。A. underlined强调；B. understood理解；C. underrated低估；D. understaffed人员不足的。根据前文“We take for granted, too, the most basic maintenance of all, like preparing food and washing clothes.”及“yet it is essential”可知，人们把做饭、洗衣这类基础维护琐事当成理所当然的事，但它们却是生活中必不可少的，说明维护这件事长期被人们低估。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：戴维・埃杰顿在《旧物的冲击》一书中写道：“维护一直处在一个朦胧的地带，在社会对自身的正式记述里几乎无迹可寻。比如，在经济和生产统计数据中，它是看不见的。”A. informal非正式的；B. invisible看不见的；C. simple简单的；D. complex复杂的。根据前文“Maintenance has lived in a twilight (朦胧的、模糊的) world, hardly visible in the formal accounts societies make of themselves.”可知，维护在社会正式的记载里几乎是隐形的，此处表示在经济和生产统计数据中也是看不见的，invisible和前文的hardly visible相呼应。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：维护工作比生产制造更加丰富多样。A. traditional传统的；B. natural自然的；C. worrisome令人担忧的；D. varied各种各样的。根据后文“It requires diagnosis, judgment and improvisation. We can build robots that make dishwashers, but we can’t build robots that repair them.”可知，维护需要诊断故障、现场判断、临场随机应变，和统一的制造不同，说明维护比制造更多样化。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：自动化步步逼近，而这个世界迫切需要受人尊重、有技术、有成就感的蓝领工作，或许我们应当更加重视维护工作。A. crying out for迫切需要；B. coming up with想出；C. going out of从……离开；D. leading up to导致。根据前文“We can build robots that make dishwashers, but we can’t build robots that repair them.”可知，我们可以制造能制造洗碗机的机器人，但我们不能制造能修理洗碗机的机器人，所以自动化更需要蓝领工人来从事维护工作。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：并且维护工作能够构建社群联结。A. manage管理；B. investigate调查；C. build建立；D. enlarge扩大。根据后文“The need to maintain the old irrigation system was also helping to ________ strong relationships between villages.”并结合后文尼泊尔社区靠维护灌溉系统维系关系的例子可知，维护活动能够建立人与人、村落之间的联结，可以构建社群联结。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：上游和下游的农耕社群之间一直存在一项约定：如果你方帮忙维护上游的水坝，我们就帮忙疏通运河。A. link联系；B. bargain约定；C. difference差异；D. barrier障碍。根据后文“we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream.”可知，冒号后是上下游社群之间达成的互惠约定，且后文出现原词复现“so the bargain fell apart”。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：但现代化的水坝不需要那么多维修工作，于是这份约定瓦解了，使得这套现代化系统的效果反而不如传统灌溉系统。A. places地点；B. costs花费；C. repairs修理；D. chances机会。根据前文“we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream.”及空前的“the modern dams needed fewer”可知，上下游社群之间达成互惠的维护水坝的约定，但现代水坝需要的维护工作更少，所以约定就失效了。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：维护旧灌溉系统的需求，也有助于维系村庄之间牢固的关系。A. maintain维持；B. identify识别；C. describe描述；D. influence影响。根据前文“we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream.”可知，传统灌溉系统依赖互助维护，所以能维系村庄间的关系，maintain贴合全文核心的“维护”主题。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这次事故过去几个月后，我前去参观了乌芬顿白马石刻。这座牛津郡乡间的古迹能够留存三千年，全靠不懈的维护，方圆数英里的村民会聚集在一起，为白马 “清洗”、补涂白垩。A. request要求；B. departure离开；C. journey旅途；D. accident事故。根据首段中“I found myself face down in a pool of my own blood”可知，文章开头提到作者摔车流血这件意外，此处表示在这次事故之后，作者去参观了一处古迹。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是一项繁重的工作，但或许这正是其意义所在：历史学家认为，建造并持续维护这匹白马，是借助固定仪式凝聚社群的一种方式。A. problem问题；B. point要点；C. source来源；D. direction方向。根据后文“historians think that the horse was created and maintained as a way of bringing a community together with a regular ritual”可知，冒号后解释了历史学家认为建造和维护白马遗迹是为了用固定仪式凝聚社区，这就是维护的要点所在。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：无论我们如何看待维护这件事，它都是无法回避的。缺少了维护，一切都会崩塌。A. undependable不可靠的；B. inadequate不足的；C. inescapable不可避免的；D. unacceptable不能接受的。根据后文“Without it, everything falls apart.”可知，没有维护一切都会瓦解，说明维护是无法回避、必不可少的。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) For years, spring in our town was welcomed by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, after their winter stay in Florida, they would post the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past, see the sign, see Leon and Jo readying for their spring opening, and feel winter’s departure. It was as accurate an indication of spring as any calendar. When they died and their children sold the Dairy Queen to an out-of-town outfit who kept it open year-round, it threw off our town’s circadian rhythms (生物钟). Something terrible. We’re still not sure when spring begins. Well, that’s not entirely accurate. When the implement store on the west edge of town, where Johnston’s IGA grocery store used to be, stops selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers, that’s a pretty good sign winter is coming to an end. If they should drop the ball, Frank Gladden is sure to stand at our Quaker meeting and announce that volunteers are needed for our spring fish fry. Frank’s announcement is as reliable as any clock and invariably mixed with worry and regret that this might be the last year of the fish fry if volunteers aren’t forthcoming. “We’re not getting any younger,” he announces. Frank is 82 years old, but he’s been saying that since 1961, so we Quakers aren’t alarmed. The Fairfield Friends Fish Fry is as constant as sunrise. But let us suppose both the implement store and Frank Gladden neglect their duties and we are cast adrift, unaware of spring’s arrival. We would then have to look and see whether Bill Eddy, our town’s plumber, was wearing a coat. When the first leaf falls to the ground in the autumn, Bill pulls on his Carhartt coat and doesn’t remove it until spring. I’ve known Bill since we were in first grade together, so I know well about his habits. He wears that Carhartt everywhere, inside and outside. There are other signs of spring if one is watchful. The deer lighten in color, the dog sheds, the buds swell, the snow melts on the south hillside, and the bloodroot in our woodlot pushes out its petals. The calf (牛犊) appears, following its mother because of hunger. Who needs a calendar when a calf is nearby? 36. What can be learned about the Dairy Queen from the first paragraph? A. It was moved to Florida. B. It used to be closed in winter. C. It is now owned by Leon and Jo’s children. D. It has several branches out of the town. 37. According to the writer, which of the following is a sign that winter is over? A. The deer turns into a darker color. B. Bill Eddy stops wearing his Carhartt coat. C. The Quaker meeting starts to call for volunteers. D. Johnston’s IGA grocery store starts to sell lawn mowers. 38. By “as constant as sunrise”, the writer means that the Fairfield Friends Fish Fry ________. A. has a long history B. makes excellent fried fish C. opens very early every day D. is sure to continue its business 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why I Love Spring B. Every Changing Spring C. How I Know It’s Spring D. Spring: All Comes to Life 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述小镇上多个预示春天到来的传统和迹象，反映了小镇居民对春天的敏感和期待，展现了当地社区的文化和记忆。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“For years, spring in our town was welcomed by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, after their winter stay in Florida, they would post the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past, see the sign, see Leon and Jo readying for their spring opening, and feel winter’s departure. (多年来，Leon和Jo Martin欢迎春天来到我们镇上，他们是冰雪皇后的老板。每年，在佛罗里达过完冬天后，他们都会在招牌上写上“招聘”。我走过那里，看到招牌，看到Leon和Jo准备迎接春天的到来，感觉到了冬天的离去)”可知，镇上的冰雪皇后店铺在冬天结束时开始招聘，准备营业。由此可知，它过去通常在冬天关门。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When the first leaf falls to the ground in the autumn, Bill pulls on his Carhartt coat and doesn’t remove it until spring. (秋天，当第一片叶子落在地上时，Bill穿上他的卡哈特外套，直到春天才脱下来)”可知，Bill Eddy不再穿他的卡哈特外套了意味着春天到来了，即冬天结束了。需注意第二段中“When the implement store on the west edge of town, where Johnston’s IGA grocery store used to be, stops selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers, that’s a pretty good sign winter is coming to an end. (当小镇西部边缘的工具商店，也就是Johnston的IGA杂货店的所在地，停止销售扫雪机，开始销售割草机时，这是一个很好的迹象，表明冬天即将结束)”提到Johnston的IGA杂货店开始出售割草机是冬天即将结束的一个迹象，并不意味着冬天结束了。故选B项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Frank’s announcement is as reliable as any clock and invariably mixed with worry and regret that this might be the last year of the fish fry if volunteers aren’t forthcoming. (Frank的声明像任何时钟一样可靠，而且总是夹杂着担忧和遗憾，如果志愿者不来，这可能是最后一年的炸鱼)”和第四段中““We’re not getting any younger,” he announces. Frank is 82 years old, but he’s been saying that since 1961, so we Quakers aren’t alarmed. (“我们不再年轻了，”他宣布。Frank已经82岁了，但他从1961年起就一直这么说，所以我们贵格会教徒并不担心)”可知，Frank一直担心志愿者不来，无法继续春季炸鱼活动，但是这么多年来这个活动一直在继续。由此可知，画线部分表示“一定会继续经营下去”。故选D项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“There are other signs of spring if one is watchful. (如果你留心的话，还有其他春天的迹象)”可知，作者通过描述小镇上多个预示春天到来的传统和迹象，如冰雪皇后的招牌、工具店的变化、春季炸鱼声明、水管工的外套等，反映了小镇居民对春天的敏感和期待，展现了当地社区的文化和记忆。因此，C项“我怎么知道春天到了”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 (B) You’ve got questions. We’ve got experts. Q: What land bird lays the biggest egg for its body size? Matthew Chase | Washington, D.C. That would be the North Island brown kiwi, says Kathy Brader, senior bird keeper at the National Zoo, which in 1975 bred the first kiwi outside its native New Zealand. A female kiwi lays an egg that is 15 to 22 percent of her weight. A male then incubates (孵化) the egg for 68 to 91 days. When the chick hatches (孵化), it is soon self-sufficient and won’t imprint on its parents. Unlike other kiwi species, they will lay multiple eggs per season. Q: Where does the phrase “lame duck” come from? Anonymous | Boston A British economics term from the 18th century, it referred to someone going bankrupt. The term was first applied to the U.S. presidency in the winter of 1928-9, as Calvin Coolidge waited out the end of his term. In 1933, the states passed the 20th Amendment, or the “Lame Duck” Amendment, to shorten the time between the election and the inauguration (就职典礼). Claire Jerry, curator of political history at the National Museum of American History, suggests that the long wait time didn’t suit an uneasy electorate in the midst of the Depression and underscored that the delay, originally put in place to account for the difficulty of traveling to the capital, had become outdated. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first inauguration was the last to be held in March; his other three were in January. Q: _______ Bill Wacenske | San Diego, California They might be trying to cool off. When it’s hot out, honeybees go searching for water. If they find it, they return to the hive (蜂巢) and perform their waggle dance to communicate the water’s location, says David Roubik, a research zoologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. A group of 15 or so bees will fly there and lap up the water. Back in the hive again, they’ll pass droplets to receiver bees, which deposit the water along the edge of the wax comb. Bees inside the hive will fan their wings and circulate the water-cooled air. This DIY air conditioning helps maintain the hive at what scientists say is the temperature honeybees prefer, around 95 degrees Fahrenheit. 40. How is the North Island brown kiwi different from other kiwi species? A. It is a male that incubates the eggs. B. An egg takes about 3 months to hatch. C. A female lays more than one egg each season. D. Young birds can live on themselves very quickly. 41. Why did there use to be a long time between the election and the inauguration in the United States? A. It was warmer in March than in January. B. This was a traditional practice from Britain. C. This was established by the first President of the U.S. D. It took some time for new presidents to get to the capital. 42. Which of the following questions fits the blank _______ best? A. Why are there so many honeybees hanging around my swimming pool? B. Why do honeybees prefer their hives to be at around 95 degrees Fahrenheit? C. Why do swimmers need to take care while seeing honeybees flying above? D. Why are honeybees fond of communicating through their waggle dance? 【答案】40. C 41. D 42. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了问答栏目中的三个科普问题，分别是按自身体重比例算哪种陆鸟产的蛋最大、短语lame duck的由来，以及蜜蜂寻找水源给蜂巢降温的相关知识。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Unlike other kiwi species, they will lay multiple eggs per season.(和其他几维鸟种类不同，它们每个繁殖季会产下多枚蛋。)”可知，北岛褐几维鸟和其他种类几维鸟的区别是雌鸟每个繁殖季可产不止一枚蛋。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第二段“...the delay, originally put in place to account for the difficulty of traveling to the capital, had become outdated.(……这种延迟最初设立是考虑到前往首都路途艰难，而现在它已经过时了。)”可知，过去大选和就职典礼间隔很长一段时间是因为新任总统前往首都需要耗费一定时间。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第三段“They might be trying to cool off. When it’s hot out, honeybees go searching for water. If they find it, they return to the hive (蜂巢) and perform their waggle dance to communicate the water’s location, says David Roubik, a research zoologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.(它们可能是想降温。史密森尼热带研究所的动物学研究员戴维·鲁比克说，天气炎热时，蜜蜂会外出寻找水源；如果找到水源，它们会返回蜂巢跳摆尾舞传递水源位置。)”可知，本段解释蜜蜂寻找水的原因，对应问题是为什么会有很多蜜蜂在泳池附近盘旋。 (C) Babies can cry because they are feeling ill or are in pain, but they will also often cry if they are feeling hungry or sleepy. This can make it very difficult for parents, especially first-timers, to know why their little ones are crying. Now, a group of researchers based at Northern Illinois University in the USA has employed artificial intelligence to create a method to distinguish between normal signals and abnormal ones, such as those resulting from an underlying illness. The method could be useful for parents at home as well as doctors, who could use it to identify cries among sick children, the researchers say. While each baby’s cry is unique, they share some features. The team developed an algorithm, based on an existing automatic speech-recognition system, to detect and recognise the features of infant cries. The algorithm incorporated a technique called compressed sensing — a process that is able to reconstruct a signal based on a very small amount of data, especially in environments with high levels of background noise. The algorithm analyses the waveforms of the infants’ cries, looking for features in their loudness, pitch and timbre common to a database of recorded baby cries previously categorised by experienced nurses and caregivers. For example, the ‘neh’ sound is generally related to being hungry, because when a baby is hungry, their tongue is typically pushed to the roof of the mouth, which leads to the ‘neh’ sound. Similarly, the ‘eh’ sound means that a baby needs to burp. Generally speaking, this happens after feeding. “Like a special language, there is lots of health-related information in various cry sounds. The differences between sound signals actually carry the information. These differences are represented by different features of the cry signals. To recognise and use the information, we have to figure out the features and then obtain the information in it,” explained the study co-author Prof Lichuan Liu. The team hopes that the method could be widened out to assist with other areas of medicine in which decision-making relies heavily on experience. “The ultimate goals are healthier babies and less pressure on parents and care givers,” said Liu. “We are looking into cooperations with hospitals and medical research centres and hopefully we could have some products for clinical practice.” 43. What is the idea behind the algorithm developed by the team? A. The cries of the children are all different. B. Babies’ cries have something in common. C. Some babies cry while hungry but others don’t. D. Sick babies cry more often than healthy ones. 44. It can be inferred from the passage that compressed sensing is of great help when________ A. an algorithm is not mature enough B. there is no sufficient data available C. a signal must be reconstructed in no time D. speech-recognition technology does not work 45. According to the research team, what is the final aim of the method? A. To make decision-making rely less on experience. B. To call for more medical research centres to join them. C. To help care for babies in a scientific and effective way. D. To obtain as much information as possible from babies’ cries. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Advancing medical practice B. Unlocking the language of human tears C. AI created to translate the cries of babies D. Healthy beginnings: promoting health for babies 【答案】43. B 44. B 45. C 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了美国北伊利诺伊大学的研究人员利用人工智能研发算法，区分婴儿正常哭声和患病引发的异常哭声，解读哭声中包含的健康信息，希望以此帮助家长和医护人员更好照料婴儿。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“While each baby’s cry is unique, they share some features.(虽然每个婴儿的哭声都是独特的，但它们具备一些共同特征。)”可知，该团队研发这个算法的依据是婴儿的哭声存在共同点。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The algorithm incorporated a technique called compressed sensing — a process that is able to reconstruct a signal based on a very small amount of data, especially in environments with high levels of background noise.(该算法包含一种名为压缩感知的技术，它能够依靠极少的数据重建信号，尤其适合背景噪音大的环境。)”可知，在可用数据不足时，压缩感知能够发挥很大作用。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The ultimate goals are healthier babies and less pressure on parents and care givers (最终目标是让婴儿更加健康，减轻家长和看护者的压力)”可知，这套方法的最终目的是用科学有效的方式照料婴儿。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍研究团队借助人工智能技术识别、解读婴儿哭声，分辨哭声背后不同的含义，C“人工智能被研发出来解读婴儿的哭声”契合文章核心内容，适合用作标题。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Could a low-carb diet help boost brain function? Diets come and go, but one that seems to have more sticking power than most is the Keto diet. This is a very low carbohydrate diet, which involves higher consumption of fats and proteins to make up. In many ways, the Keto diet is simply a re-invention of the Atkins diet, which in turn was a reinvention of the Banting diet. This diet was named after William Banting, a fat Victorian undertaker who in 1863 published his famous Letter on Corpulence, outlining the benefits of cutting down on carbs. ____47____ When you cut your carbs greatly, your body switches to using fat as fuel source, in the course of which it generates ketones. The brain can use these as a source of fuel, along with glucose. ____48____ We have known for a long time that a low carb diet can be effective in the treatment of epilepsy. Fans of the Keto diet will also be delighted by the results of a new study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease showing that it may be beneficial for people who are showing early signs of cognitive decline. These claims are based on a small pilot study of 14 older adults with mild cognitive problems, nine of whom researchers from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine put on a modified Atkins diet (MAD). ____49____ The volunteers on the MAD diet were asked to stick to less than 20g of carbs a day, with no restriction on calories. A typical US diet contains more like 250g of carbs a day. So how did the MAD dieters get on? Well, both groups were asked to complete numerous cognitive and memory tests before starting their diets, at six weeks and then again at 12 weeks. ____50____ The improvements in memory coincide with peaks in the volunteers’ ketone levels. While I’m not yet ready to give up eating bread entirely, I await the results of further studies with great interest. A. To check they were sticking to the diet, the MAD group had regular checks using keto sticks. B. The researchers found that there were significant improvements on memory scores, but only in the MAD group. C. In some way, the brain seems to benefit from this switch. D. He wanted to see if a milder version of this approach would be just effective. E. The other five people went on a standard, ‘healthy’ diet. F. The Keto diet has its critics, but there is evidence that, at least in the short term, it can help with weight loss. 【答案】47. F 48. C 49. E 50. B 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章探讨低碳生酮饮食是否健脑，介绍其原理，并通过一项小型研究发现该饮食有助改善部分老人记忆力，有待进一步研究验证。 【47题详解】 上文“This diet was named after William Banting, a fat Victorian undertaker who in 1863 published his famous Letter on Corpulence, outlining the benefits of cutting down on carbs.( 这种饮食以威廉·班廷的名字命名，他是一位肥胖的维多利亚时代殡葬工人，于1863年发表了著名的《论肥胖的公开信》一文，阐述了减少碳水化合物摄入的好处。)”追溯了低碳饮食的发展历史，介绍了班廷饮食及其提出的减碳水益处；下文“When you cut your carbs greatly, your body switches to using fat as fuel source, in the course of which it generates ketones. The brain can use these as a source of fuel, along with glucose.( 当你大幅减少碳水化合物摄入时，身体会转而以脂肪作为燃料来源，并在此过程中生成酮体。大脑可以将这些酮体与葡萄糖一起用作能量来源。)”开始讲解低碳饮食的代谢原理（身体切换脂肪供能、产生酮体）。F选项“The Keto diet has its critics, but there is evidence that, at least in the short term, it can help with weight loss.(生酮饮食虽有争议，但有证据表明它至少在短期内可帮助减重。)”起到了承上启下的作用：承接前文“饮食的益处”，引出后文对代谢原理的解释，同时为后文 “对大脑的额外益处”做铺垫，符合行文逻辑。 【48题详解】 上文“The brain can use these as a source of fuel, along with glucose.( 大脑可以将这些酮体与葡萄糖一起用作能量来源。)”说明大脑可以将酮体作为葡萄糖之外的燃料来源；下文“We have known for a long time that a low carb diet can be effective in the treatment of epilepsy.( 长期以来，我们已知低碳水化合物饮食对治疗癫痫有效。)”开始列举低碳饮食对大脑的具体益处（治疗癫痫、改善早期认知衰退）。C选项“In some way, the brain seems to benefit from this switch.(在某种程度上，大脑似乎能从这种供能转换中获益。)”是完美的过渡句，将“酮体供能”的生理机制和“大脑功能提升”的实际效果关联起来，自然引出下文的研究证据。 【49题详解】 上文“These claims are based on a small pilot study of 14 older adults with mild cognitive problems, nine of whom researchers from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine put on a modified Atkins diet (MAD).( 这些主张基于一项针对14名患有轻度认知障碍的老年人的小规模试点研究，其中9人由约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院的研究人员安排采用改良版阿特金斯饮食（MAD）。)”提到实验共有 14名存在轻度认知问题的老年人，其中9人采用改良阿特金斯饮食（MAD）；下文“The volunteers on the MAD diet were asked to stick to less than 20g of carbs a day, with no restriction on calories.( 饮食组的志愿者被要求每天摄入少于20克碳水化合物，且不限制总热量摄入量。)”开始详细说明 MAD 组的饮食要求。E选项“The other five people went on a standard, ‘healthy’ diet.(另外5人采用标准的‘健康’饮食。)”补充了实验的对照组设置，完善了分组逻辑，也与后文出现的“both groups（两组）”形成呼应，是实验介绍中的必要信息。 【50题详解】 上文“Well, both groups were asked to complete numerous cognitive and memory tests before starting their diets, at six weeks and then again at 12 weeks.( 好吧，两组人都被要求在开始饮食之前完成大量的认知和记忆测试，在第6周，然后在第12周。)”介绍了两组志愿者在实验前、第6周、第12周分别接受认知和记忆测试；下文“The improvements in memory coincide with peaks in the volunteers’ ketone levels.( 记忆力的提高与志愿者体内酮水平的峰值一致。)”进一步说明“记忆提升与酮体水平峰值同步”。B选项“The researchers found that there were significant improvements on memory scores, but only in the MAD group.(研究人员发现，只有 MAD 组的记忆分数出现了显著提升。)”直接给出了实验核心结果，既承接了前文的测试安排，又为后文的结果补充分析提供了前提，逻辑衔接紧密。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Heavy Metal: Is It Bad for Your Mental Health? Historically, heavy metal music has a reputation for the effect it has on its listeners’ behaviour and mental health. Studies have suggested a link between listening to heavy metal and increased suicide risk or desensitisation (麻木不仁) to violence, but these have often failed to take account of outside factors, such as poor family relationships and feelings of isolation. Even though a 2018 study at Macquarie University in New South Wales found that music with violent themes does not make fans more violent, it might take some time for heavy metal’s image to change. The effect heavy metal music has on its fans isn’t as negative as you might expect. According to the researchers at the Macquarie University study, regular listeners responded equally to violent imagery as non-listeners. Fans’ sensitivity to violence was tested using a standard technique known as “binocular rivalry”. Test subjects are shown two different images at the same time, one to each eye. The brain, which is used to combining two similar images to produce one three-dimensional image, chooses one to perceive while the other is suppressed (压制). One of the images presented is violent in nature, while the other is neutral. Ordinarily, the brain prioritises the violent image, which helps it to identify and assess threats. The researchers asked both fans and non-fans to indicate when they perceived each image, and found that both groups showed the same tendency to process the violent image first. In fact, for fans of heavy metal, the music could be helpful, providing emotional release. In 2015, a study at the University of Queensland asked for participants who were fans of extreme music. They made them angry, then allowed them to listen to the music of their own choice and assessed how their emotional state had changed. The researchers found that the extreme music improved their emotional state, and could help with processing anger. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Historically, heavy metal has been blamed for increased suicide risk and desensitisation to violence. However, studies considering outside factors show this isn’t true. Macquarie University research revealed that fans process violent imagery just like non-fans. Furthermore, researchers at the University of Queensland found that it can serve as an emotional release, helping angry fans improve their mood and process anger. 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了重金属音乐常被认为危害心理健康，但研究表明它不会使人更暴力，还能帮助乐迷释放情绪、疏导愤怒。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Historically, heavy metal music has a reputation for the effect it has on its listeners’ behaviour and mental health. ②Studies have suggested a link between listening to heavy metal and increased suicide risk or desensitisation ( 麻木不仁) to violence, but these have often failed to take account of outside factors, such as poor family relationships and feelings of isolation. ③The effect heavy metal music has on its fans isn’t as negative as you might expect. According to the researchers at the Macquarie University study, regular listeners responded equally to violent imagery as non-listeners. ④In fact, for fans of heavy metal, the music could be helpful, providing emotional release. In 2015, a study at the University of Queensland asked for participants who were fans of extreme music. They made them angry, then allowed them to listen to the music of their own choice and assessed how their emotional state had changed. The researchers found that the extreme music improved their emotional state, and could help with processing anger. 2.缜密构思将第1、2点整合为问题描述，第3要点分说，4要点分说。 3.遣词造句Historically, heavy metal music has often been blamed for being associated with an increased risk of suicide and a numb attitude towards violence. However, some studies that took external factors into account have shown that this claim is not valid. Additionally, researchers from the University of Queensland discovered that this can serve as an emotional release mechanism, helping angry music fans improve their mood and better handle their anger. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Macquarie University research revealed that fans process violent imagery just like non-fans.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] Furthermore, researchers at the University of Queensland found that it can serve as an emotional release, helping angry fans improve their mood and process anger.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及现在分词作状语） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 她投入了大量的时间和精力来帮助这些无家可归的孩子们。（devote）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She has devoted much of her time and energy to helping those homeless children. 【解析】 【详解】“投入”表达为动词devote，此句强调已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语she为第三人称单数，助动词用has；devote…to… (doing) sth.为固定搭配，表示“把……投入到……”；“大量的时间和精力”表达为名词词组much of her time and energy；“帮助”表达为动词help，此处作介词to后面的宾语，需用动名词形式helping；“无家可归的孩子们”表达为名词词组those homeless children。 53. 两到三天的短途游正成为旅游新趋势。(last) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Short trips that last two to three days are becoming a new trend in tourism. 【解析】 【详解】“短途游”用名词短语Short trips作主句主语，“两到三天的”用that引导定语从句修饰short trips，that在从句中作主语，“持续”用动词last作从句谓语，先行词short trips是复数，从句用一般现在时，“两到三天”用two to three days作从句宾语，“正成为”用动词become作主句谓语，表达正在发生的变化，用现在进行时are becoming，“新趋势”用名词短语a new trend作主句宾语，“在旅游领域”用in tourism作后置定语修饰trend。 54. 这家老字号茶庄挂出了“新茶上市”的招牌，吸引了不少顾客。(put up) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This time-honoured tea shop, which has put up the sign of “Fresh Tea Available”, has attracted many customers. 【解析】 【详解】“这家老字号茶庄”用名词短语This time-honoured tea shop作主语，“挂出了‘新茶上市’的招牌”用which引导非限制性定语从句修饰主语，“挂出”用短语put up，“招牌”用名词sign，“新茶上市”用“Fresh Tea Available”作sign的后置说明，其中Available表示“可获得的、有售的”。动作对现在有影响，从句用现在完成时，“吸引了不少顾客”是主句的谓语部分，“吸引”用动词attract，“不少顾客”用many customers作宾语，动作对现在造成结果，主句用现在完成时。 55. 当时，家中并无私人电话，写信是老友间互通有无的重要途径。(way) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At that time, there was no private phone at home, so writing letters became an important way for old friends to communicate with each other. 【解析】 【详解】“当时”表达为at that time，作时间状语，提示全句用一般过去时；“某处有……”用there be，“私人电话”表达为private telephone，作主语，be用was；“家中”表达为at home；so连接表因果关系的并列句，“写信”表达为write letters，作主语，用动名词形式，“成为”表达为become，作谓语，用过去式became，“对某人来说是一种做……的重要方式”可表达为an important way for sb. to do...，“老友”表达为old friends，“互通有无”即“相互交流”，表达为communicate with each other。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友Tim的邮件，在邮件中，他向你推荐了一个关于大学专业选择的视频，该视频制作者认为选择专业时需要更多考虑今后的就业而不是自己的兴趣。回复Tim一封邮件，内容须包括： 1) 你是否赞同该视频制作者的观点；2) 你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Dear Tim, I hope this email finds you well. Thank you for sharing the video about choosing college majors. After watching it, I hold a distinct view from the video’s creator. First, when picking a college major, we should weigh both career prospects and personal interest. If we choose a major merely for job availability, we may end up feeling dissatisfied and disconnected later on. For my part, I’m enthusiastic about art. Though this choice may bring employment difficulties, I’m convinced that consistent efforts will help me build a career matching my strengths and interest. Besides, the job market keeps changing rapidly. Relying only on present employment trends can be risky. We’d better develop core skills so that we can adapt to new chances and challenges. In short, interest and career future both matter. A major that fires our passion can bring us greater satisfaction and achievements. Best regards, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学高三学生李明的身份，回复好友Tim的邮件，针对他分享视频里的“选专业应优先考虑就业而非兴趣”这一观点，表明自己的态度并阐述理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 选择：pick → select 工作：job → employment 热心的：enthusiastic → fervent 培养：develop → cultivate 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Besides, the job market keeps changing rapidly. Relying only on present employment trends can be risky. 拓展句：Besides, the job market keeps changing rapidly, which makes it risky to rely only on present employment trends. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Though this choice may bring employment difficulties, I’m convinced that consistent efforts will help me build a career matching my strengths and interest. (运用了Though引导的让步状语从句和现在分词matching作后置定语) 【高分句型2】We’d better develop core skills so that we can adapt to new chances and challenges. (运用了so that引导的目的状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the far corner of the yard outside Mountain Oak Charter School, a boy of 9 or 10 is digging a hole. A few other children are standing nearby, ____1____ (take) a turn with the shovel (铁锹). Mountain Oak is a school that offers an education inspired by Waldorf, a progressive model that encourages exploration of the natural world and ____2____ (reject) the use of technology in the classroom and even in the home. Waldorf private schools have been around for 100 years, and the first ____3____ (launch) by educator Rudolf Steiner in Germany. But they have been experiencing a boom in the U.S. In addition to staying away from technology, the schools tend to delay formal reading instruction — say, ____4____ the students are 7 — and testing, and to reserve kindergarten entirely for imaginative play, especially with blocks and natural materials such as leaves and other things ____5____ (find) outdoors. ____6____ students at all levels receive is extensive instruction in music and art. They also do physical exercises in the classroom ____7____ (break) up their lessons. But this model is no longer limited to private education. In recent years Waldorf-inspired schools have begun popping up — there are almost 50 — especially in the West. Mountain Oak is ____8____ of the older ones, established in 1999. It serves about 150 students in grades pre-K through 8, about half of ____9____ receive a free or reduced-price lunch. Mountain Oak students perform at the state average on tests, but the school has been given an A grade by Arizona’s state education department _____10_____ the academic improvement its students experience compared with their peers with similar backgrounds at public schools. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. abuse B. assist C. current D. fearful E. oral F. presence G. prospect H. receptive I. recommending J. recovering K. response Storytime Is for “Everyone” In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration and an improved ability to socialize. The second-century Greek doctor Antyllus even prescribed (开药方) daily recitation to his patients, ____11____ it as a kind of health-giving medicine. We are not the only species to benefit from this kind of ____12____ medicine. Dogs do, too, which is why, since 2014, volunteers at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals have read to the animals under the group’s care. “Ten or fifteen years ago, I was essentially the only person who worked with the neglect and ____13____ cases,” says Victoria Wells, the organization’s senior manager for behavior and training. “I used to sit with them, and play guitar and sing. I used to play the Beatles. I noticed that the dogs who were very ____14____ would slowly move forward to the front. They would appear to be listening, and they would become very relaxed.” The dogs’ ____15____ to music led in a natural way to the idea of reading aloud. It was a practical means of allowing a larger number of volunteers to minister to ____16____ animals. Some volunteers keep the animals informed of ____17____ events by reading the newspaper, some choose children’s books, and others prefer fiction. On the day I stopped by, a retired opera singer was reading the sci-fi fiction Logan’s Run to half a dozen dogs. “The dogs really enjoy the reading,” Wells says. “We noticed that it really does ____18____ in the standard behavior treatment. The dogs are much more ____19____ to us, and they seem more comfortable in general. I think it’s that comforting tone of voice and the ____20____ of somebody to keep them company that really, really benefits them.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Nearly two years ago, I’d spent some time trying to fix up my bike at a local bike shop, when one of the volunteers told me that the chain was worn, and I should come back soon to replace it. A week later, the first lockdown began and I put the chain out of my mind. A few weeks later, it ____21____ beneath me and I found myself face down in a pool of my own blood. When I wrote about my misfortune, I neglected to mention the most obvious lesson: replace your bike chain at the first sign of ____22____. But I am not alone in that ____23____. We understand the expertise of doorkeepers, plumbers and mechanics, and we suffer greatly in their absence, yet somehow we take them for granted. We take for granted, too, the most basic maintenance of all, like preparing food and washing clothes. Nobody would talk ____24____ at a dinner party about doing any of this, yet it is essential. Maintenance is so ____25____ that we don’t really know how much of a problem we have. In his book The Shock of the Old, David Edgerton writes, “Maintenance has lived in a twilight (朦胧的、模糊的) world, hardly visible in the formal accounts societies make of themselves. In the economic and production statistics, for example, it is ____26____ ”. Maintenance is more ____27____ than manufacturing. It requires diagnosis, judgment and improvisation. We can build robots that make dishwashers, but we can’t build robots that repair them. As automation closes in on a world ____28____ respected, skilled and fulfilling blue-collar jobs, perhaps we should be taking maintenance more seriously. And maintenance can ____29____ communities. Elinor Ostrom, the first woman to win a Nobel memorial prize in economics, once studied Nepalese communities before and after modern dams and irrigation (灌溉) systems were installed by development agencies. There had always been a ____30____ between farming communities upstream and downstream: we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream. But the modern dams needed fewer ____31____, and so the bargain fell apart, leaving the modern system less effective than the traditional irrigation. The need to maintain the old irrigation system was also helping to ____32____ strong relationships between villages. A few months after my ____33____, I ventured out to the White Horse of Uffington, a monument in the Oxfordshire countryside that has endured for 3,000 years thanks only to tireless maintenance as villagers from miles around would gather to “wash” or “chalk” the horse. It’s a lot of work, but perhaps that is the ____34____: historians think that the horse was created and maintained as a way of bringing a community together with a regular ritual (仪式). Perhaps that is over-romanticising things. Whatever we view maintenance as, it is ____35____. Without it, everything falls apart. 21. A. gave way B. took off C. set in D. went on 22. A. resistance B. trouble C. improvement D. trust 23. A. innovation B. patience C. treatment D. oversight 24. A. proudly B. negatively C. luckily D. wrongly 25. A. underlined B. understood C. underrated D. understaffed 26. A. informal B. invisible C. simple D. complex 27. A. traditional B. natural C. worrisome D. varied 28. A. crying out for B. coming up with C. going out of D. leading up to 29. A. manage B. investigate C. build D. enlarge 30. A. link B. bargain C. difference D. barrier 31. A. places B. costs C. repairs D. chances 32. A. maintain B. identify C. describe D. influence 33. A. request B. departure C. journey D. accident 34. A. problem B. point C. source D. direction 35. A. undependable B. inadequate C. inescapable D. unacceptable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) For years, spring in our town was welcomed by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, after their winter stay in Florida, they would post the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past, see the sign, see Leon and Jo readying for their spring opening, and feel winter’s departure. It was as accurate an indication of spring as any calendar. When they died and their children sold the Dairy Queen to an out-of-town outfit who kept it open year-round, it threw off our town’s circadian rhythms (生物钟). Something terrible. We’re still not sure when spring begins. Well, that’s not entirely accurate. When the implement store on the west edge of town, where Johnston’s IGA grocery store used to be, stops selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers, that’s a pretty good sign winter is coming to an end. If they should drop the ball, Frank Gladden is sure to stand at our Quaker meeting and announce that volunteers are needed for our spring fish fry. Frank’s announcement is as reliable as any clock and invariably mixed with worry and regret that this might be the last year of the fish fry if volunteers aren’t forthcoming. “We’re not getting any younger,” he announces. Frank is 82 years old, but he’s been saying that since 1961, so we Quakers aren’t alarmed. The Fairfield Friends Fish Fry is as constant as sunrise. But let us suppose both the implement store and Frank Gladden neglect their duties and we are cast adrift, unaware of spring’s arrival. We would then have to look and see whether Bill Eddy, our town’s plumber, was wearing a coat. When the first leaf falls to the ground in the autumn, Bill pulls on his Carhartt coat and doesn’t remove it until spring. I’ve known Bill since we were in first grade together, so I know well about his habits. He wears that Carhartt everywhere, inside and outside. There are other signs of spring if one is watchful. The deer lighten in color, the dog sheds, the buds swell, the snow melts on the south hillside, and the bloodroot in our woodlot pushes out its petals. The calf (牛犊) appears, following its mother because of hunger. Who needs a calendar when a calf is nearby? 36. What can be learned about the Dairy Queen from the first paragraph? A. It was moved to Florida. B. It used to be closed in winter. C. It is now owned by Leon and Jo’s children. D. It has several branches out of the town. 37. According to the writer, which of the following is a sign that winter is over? A. The deer turns into a darker color. B. Bill Eddy stops wearing his Carhartt coat. C. The Quaker meeting starts to call for volunteers. D. Johnston’s IGA grocery store starts to sell lawn mowers. 38. By “as constant as sunrise”, the writer means that the Fairfield Friends Fish Fry ________. A. has a long history B. makes excellent fried fish C. opens very early every day D. is sure to continue its business 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why I Love Spring B. Every Changing Spring C. How I Know It’s Spring D. Spring: All Comes to Life (B) You’ve got questions. We’ve got experts. Q: What land bird lays the biggest egg for its body size? Matthew Chase | Washington, D.C. That would be the North Island brown kiwi, says Kathy Brader, senior bird keeper at the National Zoo, which in 1975 bred the first kiwi outside its native New Zealand. A female kiwi lays an egg that is 15 to 22 percent of her weight. A male then incubates (孵化) the egg for 68 to 91 days. When the chick hatches (孵化), it is soon self-sufficient and won’t imprint on its parents. Unlike other kiwi species, they will lay multiple eggs per season. Q: Where does the phrase “lame duck” come from? Anonymous | Boston A British economics term from the 18th century, it referred to someone going bankrupt. The term was first applied to the U.S. presidency in the winter of 1928-9, as Calvin Coolidge waited out the end of his term. In 1933, the states passed the 20th Amendment, or the “Lame Duck” Amendment, to shorten the time between the election and the inauguration (就职典礼). Claire Jerry, curator of political history at the National Museum of American History, suggests that the long wait time didn’t suit an uneasy electorate in the midst of the Depression and underscored that the delay, originally put in place to account for the difficulty of traveling to the capital, had become outdated. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first inauguration was the last to be held in March; his other three were in January. Q: _______ Bill Wacenske | San Diego, California They might be trying to cool off. When it’s hot out, honeybees go searching for water. If they find it, they return to the hive (蜂巢) and perform their waggle dance to communicate the water’s location, says David Roubik, a research zoologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. A group of 15 or so bees will fly there and lap up the water. Back in the hive again, they’ll pass droplets to receiver bees, which deposit the water along the edge of the wax comb. Bees inside the hive will fan their wings and circulate the water-cooled air. This DIY air conditioning helps maintain the hive at what scientists say is the temperature honeybees prefer, around 95 degrees Fahrenheit. 40. How is the North Island brown kiwi different from other kiwi species? A. It is a male that incubates the eggs. B. An egg takes about 3 months to hatch. C. A female lays more than one egg each season. D. Young birds can live on themselves very quickly. 41. Why did there use to be a long time between the election and the inauguration in the United States? A. It was warmer in March than in January. B. This was a traditional practice from Britain. C. This was established by the first President of the U.S. D. It took some time for new presidents to get to the capital. 42. Which of the following questions fits the blank _______ best? A. Why are there so many honeybees hanging around my swimming pool? B. Why do honeybees prefer their hives to be at around 95 degrees Fahrenheit? C. Why do swimmers need to take care while seeing honeybees flying above? D. Why are honeybees fond of communicating through their waggle dance? (C) Babies can cry because they are feeling ill or are in pain, but they will also often cry if they are feeling hungry or sleepy. This can make it very difficult for parents, especially first-timers, to know why their little ones are crying. Now, a group of researchers based at Northern Illinois University in the USA has employed artificial intelligence to create a method to distinguish between normal signals and abnormal ones, such as those resulting from an underlying illness. The method could be useful for parents at home as well as doctors, who could use it to identify cries among sick children, the researchers say. While each baby’s cry is unique, they share some features. The team developed an algorithm, based on an existing automatic speech-recognition system, to detect and recognise the features of infant cries. The algorithm incorporated a technique called compressed sensing — a process that is able to reconstruct a signal based on a very small amount of data, especially in environments with high levels of background noise. The algorithm analyses the waveforms of the infants’ cries, looking for features in their loudness, pitch and timbre common to a database of recorded baby cries previously categorised by experienced nurses and caregivers. For example, the ‘neh’ sound is generally related to being hungry, because when a baby is hungry, their tongue is typically pushed to the roof of the mouth, which leads to the ‘neh’ sound. Similarly, the ‘eh’ sound means that a baby needs to burp. Generally speaking, this happens after feeding. “Like a special language, there is lots of health-related information in various cry sounds. The differences between sound signals actually carry the information. These differences are represented by different features of the cry signals. To recognise and use the information, we have to figure out the features and then obtain the information in it,” explained the study co-author Prof Lichuan Liu. The team hopes that the method could be widened out to assist with other areas of medicine in which decision-making relies heavily on experience. “The ultimate goals are healthier babies and less pressure on parents and care givers,” said Liu. “We are looking into cooperations with hospitals and medical research centres and hopefully we could have some products for clinical practice.” 43. What is the idea behind the algorithm developed by the team? A. The cries of the children are all different. B. Babies’ cries have something in common. C. Some babies cry while hungry but others don’t. D. Sick babies cry more often than healthy ones. 44. It can be inferred from the passage that compressed sensing is of great help when________ A. an algorithm is not mature enough B. there is no sufficient data available C. a signal must be reconstructed in no time D. speech-recognition technology does not work 45. According to the research team, what is the final aim of the method? A. To make decision-making rely less on experience. B. To call for more medical research centres to join them. C. To help care for babies in a scientific and effective way. D. To obtain as much information as possible from babies’ cries. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Advancing medical practice B. Unlocking the language of human tears C. AI created to translate the cries of babies D. Healthy beginnings: promoting health for babies Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Could a low-carb diet help boost brain function? Diets come and go, but one that seems to have more sticking power than most is the Keto diet. This is a very low carbohydrate diet, which involves higher consumption of fats and proteins to make up. In many ways, the Keto diet is simply a re-invention of the Atkins diet, which in turn was a reinvention of the Banting diet. This diet was named after William Banting, a fat Victorian undertaker who in 1863 published his famous Letter on Corpulence, outlining the benefits of cutting down on carbs. ____47____ When you cut your carbs greatly, your body switches to using fat as fuel source, in the course of which it generates ketones. The brain can use these as a source of fuel, along with glucose. ____48____ We have known for a long time that a low carb diet can be effective in the treatment of epilepsy. Fans of the Keto diet will also be delighted by the results of a new study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease showing that it may be beneficial for people who are showing early signs of cognitive decline. These claims are based on a small pilot study of 14 older adults with mild cognitive problems, nine of whom researchers from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine put on a modified Atkins diet (MAD). ____49____ The volunteers on the MAD diet were asked to stick to less than 20g of carbs a day, with no restriction on calories. A typical US diet contains more like 250g of carbs a day. So how did the MAD dieters get on? Well, both groups were asked to complete numerous cognitive and memory tests before starting their diets, at six weeks and then again at 12 weeks. ____50____ The improvements in memory coincide with peaks in the volunteers’ ketone levels. While I’m not yet ready to give up eating bread entirely, I await the results of further studies with great interest. A. To check they were sticking to the diet, the MAD group had regular checks using keto sticks. B. The researchers found that there were significant improvements on memory scores, but only in the MAD group. C. In some way, the brain seems to benefit from this switch. D. He wanted to see if a milder version of this approach would be just effective. E. The other five people went on a standard, ‘healthy’ diet. F. The Keto diet has its critics, but there is evidence that, at least in the short term, it can help with weight loss. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Heavy Metal: Is It Bad for Your Mental Health? Historically, heavy metal music has a reputation for the effect it has on its listeners’ behaviour and mental health. Studies have suggested a link between listening to heavy metal and increased suicide risk or desensitisation (麻木不仁) to violence, but these have often failed to take account of outside factors, such as poor family relationships and feelings of isolation. Even though a 2018 study at Macquarie University in New South Wales found that music with violent themes does not make fans more violent, it might take some time for heavy metal’s image to change. The effect heavy metal music has on its fans isn’t as negative as you might expect. According to the researchers at the Macquarie University study, regular listeners responded equally to violent imagery as non-listeners. Fans’ sensitivity to violence was tested using a standard technique known as “binocular rivalry”. Test subjects are shown two different images at the same time, one to each eye. The brain, which is used to combining two similar images to produce one three-dimensional image, chooses one to perceive while the other is suppressed (压制). One of the images presented is violent in nature, while the other is neutral. Ordinarily, the brain prioritises the violent image, which helps it to identify and assess threats. The researchers asked both fans and non-fans to indicate when they perceived each image, and found that both groups showed the same tendency to process the violent image first. In fact, for fans of heavy metal, the music could be helpful, providing emotional release. In 2015, a study at the University of Queensland asked for participants who were fans of extreme music. They made them angry, then allowed them to listen to the music of their own choice and assessed how their emotional state had changed. The researchers found that the extreme music improved their emotional state, and could help with processing anger. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 她投入了大量的时间和精力来帮助这些无家可归的孩子们。（devote）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 两到三天的短途游正成为旅游新趋势。(last) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 这家老字号茶庄挂出了“新茶上市”的招牌，吸引了不少顾客。(put up) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 当时，家中并无私人电话，写信是老友间互通有无的重要途径。(way) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友Tim的邮件，在邮件中，他向你推荐了一个关于大学专业选择的视频，该视频制作者认为选择专业时需要更多考虑今后的就业而不是自己的兴趣。回复Tim一封邮件，内容须包括： 1) 你是否赞同该视频制作者的观点；2) 你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $