精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高三年级英语学科12月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科12月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. We’re in this together During lockdown, Joe Wicks’s online fitness classes were a huge hit. In fact, they have been viewed more than 70 million times. For many young people and adults, the fitness instructor’s videos filled a gap when it was not possible to do organised team sports because of ___1___ is called lockdown. ___2___ it’s possible to take part in team sports again, it’s a good time to understand how they can improve wellbeing. What is a team sport? A team sport is an activity that requires individuals to play as a team, ___3___ (compete) against another team. Well-known team sports include basketball, cricket, football, hockey, netball, rounders and rugby. There are others too, like ultimate frisbee and even quidditch. Research by Sport England has found that team sports are the most popular organised activity ___4___ (enjoy) by under-16s. What are the benefits of playing a team sport? Playing a team sport can help you to develop self-confidence, as well as teaching you how ___5___ (work) alongside others. Emma Barnes is Football Development Manager at the Surrey Football Association (SFA),____6____ organises junior football in the county of Surrey, in England. She said, “The teamwork skills you develop help a young person to interact with different people and also celebrate the achievements of teammates.” Barnes also says losing a match can be good for you, “Learning to lose gracefully ___7___ (be) an important lesson.” Another benefit of team sports is the relationships you build with teammates and coaches. You might develop a social circle outside of school, or form stronger friendships with schoolmates, ___8___ of which can be really positive. What if I prefer activities ___9___ my own? Some people prefer individual sports, such as cycling, swimming and dancing. If that’s you, don’t worry. Individual sports are a great form of exercise and are good for helping you to be active, reducing the risk of major illnesses and releasing feel-good chemicals. However, it’s worth ____10____ (keep) an open mind because you might want to try a team activity alongside your individual sport. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accomplished B. count C. encounter D. engage E. focus F. interactions G. reactions H. recommended I. represented J. self-serving K. takeaways Feel Happier Today When I learned that the most popular course in the history of Yale University — a psychology class designed to teach students how to become happier — was available online to anyone who wanted to take it, I was curious to see what Yale professor Laurie Santos ____11____. Santos’s online course consists of 19 hours of video lectures and I spent three months digesting what she had to offer. Here are two of my favorite ____12____. Increase social connections. Reconnecting with a friend can boost happiness, but so can a meaningful ____13____ with a stranger. “One of the most complex things we can ____14____ with is another person’s mind,” says Juliana Schroeder, an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and one of the researchers cited in the course. I love chatting with waiters, and I have been doing it even more since we learned about the benefits of such ____15____. Tim Bono, who teaches his own course on happiness at Washington University in St Louis, offers this warning: Online friends don’t ____16____. In fact, many studies have found that the more you use social media, the less happy you are. Bono argues this is because social media showcases things others have that we don’t, making us want more and appreciate less. Santos supports this idea in her course. She warns of ways our minds trick us into feeling less happy, such as by comparing ourselves with others who seem richer or more ____17____. Perform acts of kindness. Volunteering to help someone or buying a coffee for the person behind you in line can make you happier than doing things like getting a massage. “You just feel good about yourself as a person,” says Sonja Lyubomirsky of the University of California, Riverside, another of Santos’s sources. I held doors open for people and helped colleagues solve computer problems. The ____18____ I got made me feel better about myself, and they didn’t cost me anything, unlike a massage. Kindness brings other happiness benefits, too, says Raj Raghunathan, author of If You’re So Smart, Why Aren’t You Happy?. Helping others takes the ____19____ away from our own worries and problems, which can boost happiness. And because it doesn’t result in the guilt that more ____20____ behaviors can, being generous won’t increase levels of the stress hormone (荷尔蒙) cortisol. Perhaps surprisingly, kindness improves overall physical health. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I decided to retire my personal social website account. It all began with a detailed review of my own Instagram account. I worked out that more than 80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my ____21____. In some ways this seemed ____22____. If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride. Next, however, I examined my husband’s post for ____23____. In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos. The ____24____ was split between a) kitchens he had designed and b) vinyl (黑胶) records he had purchased (the former being his job, the latter his addiction). We divide our time between work and childcare in comparable proportions. Yet the ____25____ suggested by our online selves was quite different. According to Katrin Tiidenberg, associate professor of social media and visual culture at Tallinn University, who is publishing a forthcoming book called Sex and Social Media, this is because men and women often have different ____26____ for sharing information on social media. When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was ____27____, my conversation with Tiidenberg implied. As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”. When I posted a photo of our daughter eating fish fingers in fancy dress, sure, I was ____28____. She looked amazing. I was hoping that her star quality might reflect, just a little, on me. But according to Tiidenberg: “Women tend to use social media as a tool to maintain their social ____29____. They take those into account when they post and when deciding how they post.” A photo of a five-year-old in fancy-dress, ____30____, doesn’t just say: “so good”. It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...” Tiidenberg is careful to stress that she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s ____31____ for either type of content. Instead, she argues, women have always been trained to take responsibility for cultivating and managing social networks: “They’re told it’s what they’re ____32____.” In the distant pre-digital past, women were ____33____ guardians of the family photo album. And even today, says Tiidenberg, a division of ___34___ labor endures within many families in our offline worlds: “Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?” The knowledge that I had also ____35____ responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry. 21. A. children B. work C. addiction D. hobbies 22. A. strange B. unnecessary C. possible D. natural 23. A. information B. development C. consideration D. comparison 24. A. reality B. remainder C. knowledge D. visibility 25. A. direction B. balance C. reason D. manner 26. A. techniques B. requirements C. procedures D. motivations 27. A. true B. correct C. simple D. vague 28. A. showing off B. taking on C. setting out D. looking aside 29. A. positions B. services C. ties D. aims 30. A. at the beginning B. in other words C. on the whole D. by contrast 31. A. preferences B. demands C. support D. search 32. A. unaware of B. afraid of C. present at D. good at 33. A. unusually B. doubtfully C. typically D. contrarily 34. A. emotional B. casual C. domestic D. physical 35. A. denied B. shifted C. assumed D. stressed Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） In Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, public-transport fares have been cut in half. In London politicians leave passive-aggressive notes on civil servants' desks telling them to turn up for work and beg people to start going back to the office. Eric Adams, the mayor of New York, has asked bank bosses to set an example by riding the subway. None of it seems to be working. The subway is only two-thirds as busy as it was before covid-19. Auckland's bus system was half as busy in April as it was three years earlier. People have not given up public transport for the private kind. They are simply moving around less. Although travel is likely to recover a little further, a return to the pre-pandemic pattern seems impossible. One clue is that not all journeys have declined. Parisians made more shopping trips last summer than they did before Covid appeared. In New York Sunday travel has held up better than weekday travel. What has collapsed is rush-hour commuting, particularly among well-paid workers in the knowledge economy. That suggests the change in behaviour is caused not by fear of infection-which might be expected to diminish over time — but by a fundamental resetting of work habits. Rich countries should accept this new reality, and start building transport systems to match. Big cities particularly are rooted in the idea that urban travel is like an asterisk, with people squeezing onto radial (放射状) roads and railway lines. Travel is now more like a spiderweb. People take fewer, often shorter journeys along thinner routes; they move to the side, as well as in and out. That explains why buses, which are often used for short journeys, have emptied out less drastically than commuter trains (通勤列车). Now that people travel less predictably, there is a stronger case for innovations such as on-demand buses and "mobility as a service" which weaves together public transport and personal modes such as taxis and hired bikes. These make better use of the existing infrastructure, and come closer to the convenience of cars. British cities need to do something more basic, by integrating their public-transport networks. Outside London, they tend to have many bus companies, some railway lines and perhaps a tram system, all doing their own thing. The result is confusion and often greater cost for the public. 36. Paragraph 1 is intended to A. publicize the public transport in major cities B. reveal the trouble the public transport faces C. introduce the ways to save the public transport D. compare the effectiveness of different measures 37. Why is public transport used less than before? A. People prefer to drive to their workplaces. B. People are losing interest in travelling around. C. People are fearful of getting infected with the virus. D. People have basically changed their working habits. 38. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. People commute by bus more often than before. B. The travel industry has recovered from the pandemic. C. The public transport is not as busy as it used to be during rush hours. D. The knowledge economy has changed the way people commute to work. 39. What is the passage mainly intended to do? A. To analyse the impacts of Covid-19 on global transport. B. To describe the current situation of the public transport in big cities. C. To urge big cities to adjust their public systems to the new reality. D. To find out the ways to attract more people to use public transport. （B） The Great Barrier Reef Full-Day Dive Experience a full-day Great Barrier Reef diving adventure taking you to Bait Reef — an intermediate to advanced dive site. We offer dive options to our purpose-built vessel that serve both certified divers, as well as intro dives for first timers. Includes: · 2 hours cruising each way with informative commentary · 3.5 hours on location minimum · Visit at least 2 different locations around Bait Reef · Lunch, morning and afternoon tea Certified Divers Need to know: · You must produce your certification card and/or log book at the time of booking. · Your full-day experience includes two dives at the reef. · Divers must complete a Dive History & Medical Registration form. · Price includes all equipment hire. · You will be guided by our experienced Divemasters or Instructors. As some of our dive locations are advanced dive sites you may be required to complete a refresher programme if your last dive was more than 12 months ago. Please discuss this at time of booking. Discover Scuba Diving for First Time Divers — Need to know: · Please allow two days in a row to complete the Discover Scuba Diving. · The day prior to your Great Barrier Reef cruise, you will need to complete a pool training session on Hamilton Island (transfers included). · You must be 14 years and over, be able to swim and pass a medical questionnaire at the time of booking. · Your full-day experience includes one dive at the reef and one snorkelling session, a second dive is subject to weather and availability, and cost is additional $59 pp. Pricing: · First Time Divers: $450. First time divers must be 14 years and over. Additional dive subject to availability $59 pp. · Certified Divers: $450 Adult, Minor (12 — 14 years) $300 · PADI ReActive Refresher Programme: $98 pp · Pool Refresher Programme: $69 pp Please confirm departure days at the time of booking. *pp: per person 40. If you have booked a full-day dive adventure successfully, you will need to ________. A. prepare your own lunch B. bring your own diving equipment C. present your diving certification upon booking D. take a medical examination half a month before 41. What must a first-time diver know if he wants to book this trip? A. He must get his certification first. B. He has to finish a two-day training course. C. A second dive is definitely available. D. The training session is free of charge. 42. If a 28-year-old certified diver, who had his last dive two years ago, has booked this full-day diving trip and hopes to dive at some advanced dive sites, he needs to pay at least ________. A. $398 B. $450 C. $548 D. $598 （C） The human sense of smell is weaker than sight. And the relative weakness of smell extends to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to odours (气味). Some people suggest it is very likely a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words useful to their speakers. A study by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands supports this. Dr Majid knew from previous work she had done that the Jahai, a group of hunter-gatherers who live in western Malaysia, are remarkably good at naming odours. For example, when she asked some Jahai, and also a comparable group of American volunteers, to name colours and odours they were presented with, the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colours but agreed much less when putting names to odours. Jahai answers, in contrast, were in equal agreement about both odours and colours. Dr Majid suggested that it might, in part, be because the Jahai have a dozen words dedicated to describing different sorts of smells in the abstract. To test how important someone’s way of life is to his or her use of abstract words for smells, Dr Majid looked at how two other groups of people used terms for colours and odours. These were the Semaq Beri, who also hunt and gather for a living, and the Semelai, who cultivate rice. Crucially, although these two peoples make their livings in different ways, their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest. Dr Majid asked 20 Semaq Beri and 21 Semelai to name odours and colours presented to them at random. The colours were on 80 differently colored cards; the odours on 16 variously scented (有香味的) sticks. The researcher found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for odours 85% of the time — about as often as they did for colours, which was 80%. The Semelai also used abstract colour descriptions at a similar rate, namely 78% of the time. But when it came to describing odours they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while resorting to analogies, such as “banana-like” and “chocolate-like”, 56% of the time. Moreover, as with Dr Majid’s earlier study with the Jahai, the Semaq Beri more frequently agreed with one another about naming odours than did the Semelai. Given these findings, Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is crucial to applying abstract names to odours. The business of surviving by eating what the forest has to offer requires more use of the nose than is needed for farming. 43. What does the pronoun “this” (in the last sentence of paragraph 1) refer to? A. More words should be coined to name odours. B. Human beings have a weaker sense of smell than sight. C. Languages tend to contain fewer words unrelated to culture. D. As smells matter little, most languages have few words for them. 44. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the Americans agreed less on the names of odours partly because ________. A. they had not been given proper training before the test B. colours are in most cases easier to tell apart than odours C. there are not many English words distinctively for odours D. they were too sensitive to odours to name them correctly 45. What can be learned about the Semaq Beri and the Semelai concerning their performance in the study? A. The former used fewer terms for odours than for colours. B. The latter often turned to other items to describe odours precisely. C. The former seldom agreed with each other about naming odours. D. The latter revealed a less advanced language system. 46. What is the conclusion that Dr Majid drew from her research involving the Semaq Beri and the Semelai? A. The use of abstract terms for odours is related to people’s lifestyle. B. Living in the forest requires more use of the nose than living on the farm. C. The business of surviving varies greatly from one tribe to another. D. It is people’s way of life that decide what language they speak. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Is Science Actually “Right”? The Covid crisis has led many scientists to take up arms (or at least keyboards) to defend their enterprise — and to be sure, science needs defenders these days. But while fighting back against science denial, some scientists say things that just aren’t true. ____47____ We are done. Anyone who denies such truths is stupid or ignorant. Well, no. Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered. Some familiar examples are Earth as the center of the universe, the absolute nature of time and space, and the stability of continents. Another popular move is to say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific method.” ____48____ Some will say it is empiricism: observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method: the use of experience and experiment to test a hypothesis (假设). (This is cast sometimes as the hypothetico-deductive (演绎的) method, in which the experiment must be framed as a deduction from theory, and sometimes as falsification, where the point of observation and experiment is to prove these theories false.) In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is to claim that this is all somehow simple and therefore to imply that anyone who doesn’t get it is dumb. Yet science is not simple, and neither is the natural world; therein lies the greatest challenge of science communication. What we do is both hard and, often, hard to explain. Our efforts to understand and characterize the natural world are just that: efforts. Because we’re human, we often fall flat. ____49____ Understanding the beautiful, complex world we live in, and using that knowledge to do useful things, is its own reward. ____50____ However, we have good reason to believe that they capture significant elements of it. And experience reminds us that when we ignore reality, it sooner or later comes back to bite us. A. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work. B. Scientific theories are not perfect reflections of reality. C. One popular move is to insist that science is right and that once we discover the truth about the world, that’s it. D. A popular move is that you can’t build trust if the things you are saying are not trustworthy. E. But we can never actually agree on what that method is. F. However, are scientific methods really scientific? III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is the ‌“Real” You Real? We all want others to appreciate us for who we really are. In striving to achieve such relationships, we typically assume there is a ‌“real me”. But how do we actually know who we are? It may seem simple — we are a product of our life experiences, which are easily accessible through our memories of the past. But it turns out that identity is often not a truthful representation of who we are even if we have a good memory. When creating personal narratives, we rely on a psychological screening mechanism, which labels certain mental concepts which are rather vivid and rich in detail and emotion as memories, but not others. Remembering is unlike playing a video from the past in your mind; instead, it is a highly reconstructive process depending on knowledge, self-image, needs, and goals. Memories are therefore malleable — they can be twisted and changed easily. For example, Jean Piaget, a famous developmental psychologist, remembered an event in which he was kidnapped with his nanny — she often told him about it. After many years, she confessed to having made up the story. At that point, Piaget stopped believing in the memory, but it nevertheless remained as vivid as it was before. Is all this an unfavorable thing? There are heated discussions about how people suffering from depression tend to remember routine events. Some self-help books therefore make suggestions about how to obtain a more accurate sense of self. For example, we could try to get feedback from others. But it is essential to be cautious that they may have false memories about us, too. Crucially, there are upsides to our malleable memory. Picking and choosing memories is actually guided by self-enhancing biases (偏向) leading us to rewrite our past so it resembles what we feel and believe now. Inaccurate memories are necessary, resulting from the need to maintain a positive, up-to-date sense of self. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这个病人似乎无法公开表达自己的情绪。(difficulty) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 53. 我要去图书馆找一本引人入胜的小说，以便在假期里阅读。(in search) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 美术馆自豪地展示了各种各样的雕塑，这些雕塑在形式和材料上都各不相同。(vary) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 55. 从舞蹈服饰到中国舞文化知识，这位舞蹈老师给澳大利亚的学生带来了耳目一新的舞蹈文化体验。(bring) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王磊的邮件。在邮件中，王磊提到了最近遇到的困惑：一直以来他都想选择英语作为大学的主修专业，但是身边的朋友和家长对他的这一想法表示反对，原因主要是选择英语专业可能以后就业比较困难。回复王磊一份邮件，内容须包括：1) 你对他这一想法的态度；2) 你的理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科12月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. We’re in this together During lockdown, Joe Wicks’s online fitness classes were a huge hit. In fact, they have been viewed more than 70 million times. For many young people and adults, the fitness instructor’s videos filled a gap when it was not possible to do organised team sports because of ___1___ is called lockdown. ___2___ it’s possible to take part in team sports again, it’s a good time to understand how they can improve wellbeing. What is a team sport? A team sport is an activity that requires individuals to play as a team, ___3___ (compete) against another team. Well-known team sports include basketball, cricket, football, hockey, netball, rounders and rugby. There are others too, like ultimate frisbee and even quidditch. Research by Sport England has found that team sports are the most popular organised activity ___4___ (enjoy) by under-16s. What are the benefits of playing a team sport? Playing a team sport can help you to develop self-confidence, as well as teaching you how ___5___ (work) alongside others. Emma Barnes is Football Development Manager at the Surrey Football Association (SFA),____6____ organises junior football in the county of Surrey, in England. She said, “The teamwork skills you develop help a young person to interact with different people and also celebrate the achievements of teammates.” Barnes also says losing a match can be good for you, “Learning to lose gracefully ___7___ (be) an important lesson.” Another benefit of team sports is the relationships you build with teammates and coaches. You might develop a social circle outside of school, or form stronger friendships with schoolmates, ___8___ of which can be really positive. What if I prefer activities ___9___ my own? Some people prefer individual sports, such as cycling, swimming and dancing. If that’s you, don’t worry. Individual sports are a great form of exercise and are good for helping you to be active, reducing the risk of major illnesses and releasing feel-good chemicals. However, it’s worth ____10____ (keep) an open mind because you might want to try a team activity alongside your individual sport. 【答案】1. what 2. Now that 3. competing 4. enjoyed 5. to work 6. which 7. is 8. both 9. on 10. keeping 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍团队运动的定义以及它带来的好处，同时也提到单人运动，建议大家可以保持开放心态尝试团队项目。 【1题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：对于许多年轻人和成年人来说，当因为所谓的封锁而无法参加有组织的团队运动时，这位健身教练的视频填补了空白。because of后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，此空填what。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：既然可以再次参加团队运动，这正是了解它们如何改善身心健康的好时机。逗号前后为两个完整句子，需要连词衔接；表示“既然”用Now that。首字母大写。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：团队运动是一项需要个人组队参赛、与另一支队伍竞争的活动。句子已有谓语is，此空是非谓语；compete和individuals是主动关系，此空填现在分词competing，作伴随状语。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：英格兰体育协会的研究发现，团队运动是16岁以下青少年最喜欢的有组织活动。从句已有谓语are，此空是非谓语；activity和enjoy是被动关系，此空填过去分词enjoyed，作后置定语。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：参加团队运动有助于培养自信，也教会你如何与他人协作。“疑问词+不定式”是固定结构，此空填to work。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：Emma Barnes是萨里足球协会的足球发展主管，该协会负责在英格兰萨里郡组织青少年足球赛事。此空引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是the Surrey Football Association，指物，此空填关系代词which。 【7题详解】 考查主谓一致。句意：学会体面地认输是重要的一课。动名词短语Learning to lose gracefully作主语，谓语用单数，描述客观道理，此空填is。 【8题详解】 考查代词。句意：你可能在校外拓展社交圈，或是和同学建立更深厚的友谊，这两者都十分有益。前面两件事，此空填both，both of which表示“两者都”，引导非限制性定语从句。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：如果我更喜欢独自进行的活动该怎么办？根据“my own”可知，此处是固定搭配on one’s own，表示“独自”，此空填on。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，保持开放的心态是值得的，因为你或许想在进行单人运动的同时尝试团队项目。it’s worth doing sth.是固定句型，表示“值得做某事”，此空填keeping。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accomplished B. count C. encounter D. engage E. focus F. interactions G. reactions H. recommended I. represented J. self-serving K. takeaways Feel Happier Today When I learned that the most popular course in the history of Yale University — a psychology class designed to teach students how to become happier — was available online to anyone who wanted to take it, I was curious to see what Yale professor Laurie Santos ____11____. Santos’s online course consists of 19 hours of video lectures and I spent three months digesting what she had to offer. Here are two of my favorite ____12____. Increase social connections. Reconnecting with a friend can boost happiness, but so can a meaningful ____13____ with a stranger. “One of the most complex things we can ____14____ with is another person’s mind,” says Juliana Schroeder, an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and one of the researchers cited in the course. I love chatting with waiters, and I have been doing it even more since we learned about the benefits of such ____15____. Tim Bono, who teaches his own course on happiness at Washington University in St Louis, offers this warning: Online friends don’t ____16____. In fact, many studies have found that the more you use social media, the less happy you are. Bono argues this is because social media showcases things others have that we don’t, making us want more and appreciate less. Santos supports this idea in her course. She warns of ways our minds trick us into feeling less happy, such as by comparing ourselves with others who seem richer or more ____17____. Perform acts of kindness. Volunteering to help someone or buying a coffee for the person behind you in line can make you happier than doing things like getting a massage. “You just feel good about yourself as a person,” says Sonja Lyubomirsky of the University of California, Riverside, another of Santos’s sources. I held doors open for people and helped colleagues solve computer problems. The ____18____ I got made me feel better about myself, and they didn’t cost me anything, unlike a massage. Kindness brings other happiness benefits, too, says Raj Raghunathan, author of If You’re So Smart, Why Aren’t You Happy?. Helping others takes the ____19____ away from our own worries and problems, which can boost happiness. And because it doesn’t result in the guilt that more ____20____ behaviors can, being generous won’t increase levels of the stress hormone (荷尔蒙) cortisol. Perhaps surprisingly, kindness improves overall physical health. 【答案】11. H 12. K 13. C 14. D 15. F 16. B 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. J 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了作者学习了耶鲁大学热门的幸福心理学网课，收获了课程中推荐的提升幸福感的两大方法：建立真实的人际联结、多行善举，并解释了背后的原理。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我得知耶鲁大学史上最受欢迎的课程——一门旨在教学生如何变得更快乐的心理学课程，在网上对所有想要学习的人开放时，我很好奇想看看耶鲁大学教授Laurie Santos推荐了哪些内容。空处作从句谓语，结合“a psychology class designed to teach students how to become happier”可推知，H项recommended“推荐”符合题意，表示“教授Laurie Santos推荐了哪些内容”。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：下面是我最喜欢的两个要点。空处作of的宾语，结合上一句中“I spent three months digesting what she had to offer”可推知，K项takeaways“要点”符合题意，表示“最喜欢的两个要点”。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：和老朋友重新建立联系可以提升幸福感，和陌生人一次有意义的偶遇同样可以。空处作主语，结合“Reconnecting with a friend can boost happiness”可推知，C项encounter“邂逅，偶遇”符合题意，表示“和陌生人一次有意义的偶遇”。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：加州大学伯克利分校助理教授Juliana Schroeder（课程引用的研究者之一）说：“我们所能打交道的最复杂事物之一，就是另一个人的思想。”空处和can构成谓语，结合“with”可推知，D项engage“参与”符合题意，构成固定短语engage with“与……打交道”，表示“能打交道的最复杂事物”。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：我喜欢和服务员聊天，自从了解这类互动带来的好处之后，我更加经常这么做。空处作of的宾语，结合“I love chatting with waiters”可推知，F项interactions“互动”符合题意，表示“这类互动带来的好处”。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：Tim Bono在圣路易斯华盛顿大学讲授幸福相关课程，他提出这个提醒：线上的朋友并不算数。空处和don’t构成谓语，结合下一句中“many studies have found that the more you use social media, the less happy you are”可推知，B项count“有价值，重要”符合题意，表示“线上的朋友并不算数”。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她警示，我们的大脑会用一些方式欺骗我们，让我们幸福感降低，比如拿自己和那些看起来更富有或者更有成就的人比较。空处和more构成比较级，与richer并列作表语，结合“others who seem richer”可推知，A项accomplished“有成就的”符合题意，表示“看起来更富有或者更有成就的人”。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：我收到的那些反馈，让我的自我感觉更好，而且这些举动不需要花费任何金钱，不像按摩。空处作主句的主语，结合上一句“I held doors open for people and helped colleagues solve computer problems.”可推知，G项reactions“反应”符合题意，表示“我收到的那些反馈”。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：帮助他人可以把注意力从自身的烦恼和难题上移开，从而提升幸福感。空处作takes的宾语，结合“away from our own worries and problems”可推知，E项focus“注意力，焦点”符合题意，构成固定短语take the focus away from“把注意力从……移开”。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而且慷慨待人不会像更利己的行为那样带来负罪感，不会升高压力激素皮质醇水平。空处和more构成比较级，作修饰behaviors的定语，结合“result in the guilt”可推知，J项self-serving“利己的”符合题意，表示“更利己的行为”。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I decided to retire my personal social website account. It all began with a detailed review of my own Instagram account. I worked out that more than 80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my ____21____. In some ways this seemed ____22____. If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride. Next, however, I examined my husband’s post for ____23____. In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos. The ____24____ was split between a) kitchens he had designed and b) vinyl (黑胶) records he had purchased (the former being his job, the latter his addiction). We divide our time between work and childcare in comparable proportions. Yet the ____25____ suggested by our online selves was quite different. According to Katrin Tiidenberg, associate professor of social media and visual culture at Tallinn University, who is publishing a forthcoming book called Sex and Social Media, this is because men and women often have different ____26____ for sharing information on social media. When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was ____27____, my conversation with Tiidenberg implied. As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”. When I posted a photo of our daughter eating fish fingers in fancy dress, sure, I was ____28____. She looked amazing. I was hoping that her star quality might reflect, just a little, on me. But according to Tiidenberg: “Women tend to use social media as a tool to maintain their social ____29____. They take those into account when they post and when deciding how they post.” A photo of a five-year-old in fancy-dress, ____30____, doesn’t just say: “so good”. It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...” Tiidenberg is careful to stress that she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s ____31____ for either type of content. Instead, she argues, women have always been trained to take responsibility for cultivating and managing social networks: “They’re told it’s what they’re ____32____.” In the distant pre-digital past, women were ____33____ guardians of the family photo album. And even today, says Tiidenberg, a division of ___34___ labor endures within many families in our offline worlds: “Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?” The knowledge that I had also ____35____ responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry. 21. A. children B. work C. addiction D. hobbies 22. A. strange B. unnecessary C. possible D. natural 23. A. information B. development C. consideration D. comparison 24. A. reality B. remainder C. knowledge D. visibility 25. A. direction B. balance C. reason D. manner 26. A. techniques B. requirements C. procedures D. motivations 27. A. true B. correct C. simple D. vague 28. A. showing off B. taking on C. setting out D. looking aside 29. A. positions B. services C. ties D. aims 30. A. at the beginning B. in other words C. on the whole D. by contrast 31. A. preferences B. demands C. support D. search 32. A. unaware of B. afraid of C. present at D. good at 33. A. unusually B. doubtfully C. typically D. contrarily 34. A. emotional B. casual C. domestic D. physical 35. A. denied B. shifted C. assumed D. stressed 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者因发现自己80%的Instagram照片是孩子，而丈夫仅25%，经专家分析，得知男女使用社交媒体动机不同，女性更倾向借此维护社交关系，这让承担线上情感劳动的作者很愤怒。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我算了一下，我所发布的照片中，超过80%都是关于我孩子的。A. children孩子；B. work工作；C. addiction上瘾；D. hobbies爱好。根据后文“If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride.”及“he loves the kids no less than I do”可知，“these two”指作者的孩子，由此可知，此处是指发布关于孩子的照片。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这似乎是很自然的事情。A. strange奇怪的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. possible可能的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride.”可知，作者认为如果社交网站是用来炫耀的，那么晒孩子是“自然的”，因为孩子是她的骄傲。natural（自然的）符合语义。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，接下来我查看了我丈夫的帖子以作对比。A. information信息；B. development发展；C. consideration考虑；D. comparison对比。根据后文“In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos.(在现实生活中，他对孩子们的喜爱程度丝毫不亚于我。然而，在他的两个社交网站账号中，这些孩子出现在他的照片里的比例却只有约25%)”可知，作者查看丈夫的帖子是为了 “对比”。后文将丈夫和自己晒孩子的比例进行对比，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：剩余的部分被分为两部分：a）他设计的厨房；b）他购买的黑胶唱片（前者是他的工作成果，后者则是他的个人爱好）。A. reality现实；B. remainder剩余部分；C. knowledge知识；D. visibility能见度。根据上文“In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos.(在现实生活中，他对孩子们的喜爱程度丝毫不亚于我。然而，在他的两个社交网站账号中，这些孩子出现在他的照片里的比例却只有约25%)”可知，丈夫的帖子中，除 25% 晒孩子外，“剩余部分”是厨房设计和黑胶唱片。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们在网络上展现的自我所体现的平衡却截然不同。A. direction方向；B. balance平衡；C. reason理由；D. manner礼貌。根据上文“they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos”以及“80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my”可知，尽管现实中夫妻分担工作和育儿的比例相当，但线上呈现的“平衡”却不同。balance（平衡）指晒孩子与其他内容的比例，符合语境。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：塔林大学社交媒体与视觉文化专业的副教授卡特琳·蒂伊德贝格正在出版一本名为《性与社交媒体》的新书。她表示，这是因为男性和女性在社交媒体上分享信息时往往有着不同的动机。A. techniques技术；B. requirements要求；C. procedures程序；D. motivations动机。根据后文“When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was”可知，丈夫和作者发动态的目的是不同的。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据蒂德内伯格所述，我丈夫发布那张布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀的《内布拉斯加》（以黑胶唱片形式发行）的照片时，其目的很简单。A. true真的；B. correct正确的；C. simple简单的；D. vague模糊的。根据后文“As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”.(正如他在帖子中所写的内容所示，他主要想让全世界都知道这张 1982 年发行的专辑是：“非常出色”。)”可知，丈夫发黑胶唱片的目的“简单”，只是想表达“专辑很棒”。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我上传了一张我们女儿身着奇装异服正在吃鱼形饼干的照片时，没错，我这么做显然是在炫耀。A. showing off炫耀；B. taking on承担；C. setting out出发；D. looking aside别在意，无视。前文提到社交网站是“showing off”的平台，且“hoping her star quality might reflect on me”体现炫耀心理，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但蒂伊登贝格表示：“女性通常会将社交媒体当作一种工具，来维持她们的人际关系。”A. positions位置；B. services服务；C. ties结，联系；D. aims目标。根据后文“It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...”(与此同时，它还可以这样表达：“亲爱的教母，对于前几天的失约之举，我感到十分愧疚”，“亲爱的堂兄弟们，你们现在在澳大利亚，而我却感觉与你们有些疏远……”)”提到发动态时会考虑教母、表亲等关系可知，女性将社交媒体当作维持人际关系的工具。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：换言之，一张五岁小孩穿着奇装异服的照片，并非仅仅意味着：“真棒”。A. at the beginning一开始；B. in other words换句话说；C. on the whole总体而言；D. by contrast相比之下。根据后文“It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...”(与此同时，它还可以这样表达：“亲爱的教母，对于前几天的失约之举，我感到十分愧疚”，“亲爱的堂兄弟们，你们现在在澳大利亚，而我却感觉与你们有些疏远……”)”可知，“五岁孩子穿华丽服装的照片”换句话说，不仅是“很棒”，还隐含对他人的问候。in other words（换句话说）用于解释深层含义。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒂迪内伯格特意强调，她“并未对男女对于这两种内容类型的偏好做出任何本质主义的论断”。A. preferences偏爱；B. demands要求；C. support支持；D. search搜索。根据上文“she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s”可知，Tiidenberg强调不讨论男女对内容的“偏好”本质差异。preferences（偏好）指对不同内容的倾向，符合语境。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：相反，她认为，一直以来，女性都被教导要负责建立和管理自己的社交网络：“她们被告知这正是她们擅长的领域。”A. unaware of不知道；B. afraid of害怕；C. present at出席；D. good at擅长。根据上文“they’re trained to take responsibility”推知，此处指女性被告知自己擅长社交网络。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在遥远的数字化之前的时代，女性通常是家庭相册的保管者。A. unusually不寻常的；B. doubtfully怀疑地；C. typically典型地；D. contrarily相反地。根据后文“guardians of the family photo album”可知，在数字时代前，女性“通常”是家庭相册的守护者。typically（通常地）体现传统性别角色，与后文“even today”的延续性呼应。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蒂德内伯格表示，即便在当下，这种情感劳动的分担现象在我们现实世界的家庭中依然存在：“谁会记得别人的生日、给母亲送贺卡以及购买圣诞礼物呢？”A. emotional情感的；B. casual随意的；C. domestic国内的，家用的；D. physical身体的。根据后文“Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?”可知，家庭中“情感”劳动的分工持续存在，如记生日、寄卡片等。emotional labor（情感劳动）为固定搭配，指维系人际关系的情感付出。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：而我意识到自己还得承担起线上版的相关职责这一事实，却让我感到十分愤怒。A. denied否认；B. shifted转换；C. assumed认为；D. stressed强调。根据后文“responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry”可知，作者意识到自己“承担”了线上情感劳动的责任而感到愤怒。assume responsibility（承担责任）为固定搭配。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） In Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, public-transport fares have been cut in half. In London politicians leave passive-aggressive notes on civil servants' desks telling them to turn up for work and beg people to start going back to the office. Eric Adams, the mayor of New York, has asked bank bosses to set an example by riding the subway. None of it seems to be working. The subway is only two-thirds as busy as it was before covid-19. Auckland's bus system was half as busy in April as it was three years earlier. People have not given up public transport for the private kind. They are simply moving around less. Although travel is likely to recover a little further, a return to the pre-pandemic pattern seems impossible. One clue is that not all journeys have declined. Parisians made more shopping trips last summer than they did before Covid appeared. In New York Sunday travel has held up better than weekday travel. What has collapsed is rush-hour commuting, particularly among well-paid workers in the knowledge economy. That suggests the change in behaviour is caused not by fear of infection-which might be expected to diminish over time — but by a fundamental resetting of work habits. Rich countries should accept this new reality, and start building transport systems to match. Big cities particularly are rooted in the idea that urban travel is like an asterisk, with people squeezing onto radial (放射状) roads and railway lines. Travel is now more like a spiderweb. People take fewer, often shorter journeys along thinner routes; they move to the side, as well as in and out. That explains why buses, which are often used for short journeys, have emptied out less drastically than commuter trains (通勤列车). Now that people travel less predictably, there is a stronger case for innovations such as on-demand buses and "mobility as a service" which weaves together public transport and personal modes such as taxis and hired bikes. These make better use of the existing infrastructure, and come closer to the convenience of cars. British cities need to do something more basic, by integrating their public-transport networks. Outside London, they tend to have many bus companies, some railway lines and perhaps a tram system, all doing their own thing. The result is confusion and often greater cost for the public. 36. Paragraph 1 is intended to A. publicize the public transport in major cities B. reveal the trouble the public transport faces C. introduce the ways to save the public transport D. compare the effectiveness of different measures 37. Why is public transport used less than before? A. People prefer to drive to their workplaces. B. People are losing interest in travelling around. C. People are fearful of getting infected with the virus. D. People have basically changed their working habits. 38. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. People commute by bus more often than before. B. The travel industry has recovered from the pandemic. C. The public transport is not as busy as it used to be during rush hours. D. The knowledge economy has changed the way people commute to work. 39. What is the passage mainly intended to do? A. To analyse the impacts of Covid-19 on global transport. B. To describe the current situation of the public transport in big cities. C. To urge big cities to adjust their public systems to the new reality. D. To find out the ways to attract more people to use public transport. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要分析大城市公共交通客流下滑根源，并呼吁调整交通体系适应新出行现状。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, public-transport fares have been cut in half. In London politicians leave passive-aggressive notes on civil servants' desks telling them to turn up for work and beg people to start going back to the office. Eric Adams, the mayor of New York, has asked bank bosses to set an example by riding the subway. None of it seems to be working. The subway is only two-thirds as busy as it was before covid-19.(在新西兰最大的城市奥克兰，公共交通票价已经减半。在伦敦，政客们在公务员的办公桌上留下带有消极施压意味的便条，要求他们到岗上班，恳请大家重返办公室。纽约市长埃里克・亚当斯也要求银行高管以身作则，搭乘地铁通勤。但这些举措似乎都收效甚微。地铁客流量仅为新冠疫情之前的三分之二。)” 可知，第一段列举多个城市采取措施挽救公共交通却收效甚微的例子，揭示公共交通面临的困境。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “That suggests the change in behaviour is caused not by fear of infection-which might be expected to diminish over time — but by a fundamental resetting of work habits.(这表明这种出行行为的改变并非源于对感染的恐惧（这种恐惧本会随时间消退），而是工作习惯发生了根本性重塑。)” 可知，公共交通使用减少是因为人们的工作习惯已经发生根本性改变。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What has collapsed is rush-hour commuting, particularly among well-paid workers in the knowledge economy.(急剧减少的是高峰时段通勤出行，尤其是知识经济领域高薪上班族的通勤。)” 可知，高峰时段公共交通不再像从前那样繁忙。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“Rich countries should accept this new reality, and start building transport systems to match. Big cities particularly are rooted in the idea that urban travel is like an asterisk, with people squeezing onto radial (放射状) roads and railway lines.(发达国家应当接受这一新现实，并着手建设与之适配的交通系统。大城市的规划理念尤其基于这样一种认知：城市出行就像一个星号，人们沿着放射状的公路与轨道交通线路涌向市中心。)”以及最后一段“British cities need to do something more basic, by integrating their public-transport networks. Outside London, they tend to have many bus companies, some railway lines and perhaps a tram system, all doing their own thing.(英国城市还需要落实一项更基础的举措：整合公共交通网络。在伦敦以外地区，往往存在多家巴士公司、若干铁路线路，或许还有有轨电车系统，各方各自运营、互不协同。)” 可知，文章重在呼吁大城市根据新的出行现实调整公共交通体系。 （B） The Great Barrier Reef Full-Day Dive Experience a full-day Great Barrier Reef diving adventure taking you to Bait Reef — an intermediate to advanced dive site. We offer dive options to our purpose-built vessel that serve both certified divers, as well as intro dives for first timers. Includes: · 2 hours cruising each way with informative commentary · 3.5 hours on location minimum · Visit at least 2 different locations around Bait Reef · Lunch, morning and afternoon tea Certified Divers Need to know: · You must produce your certification card and/or log book at the time of booking. · Your full-day experience includes two dives at the reef. · Divers must complete a Dive History & Medical Registration form. · Price includes all equipment hire. · You will be guided by our experienced Divemasters or Instructors. As some of our dive locations are advanced dive sites you may be required to complete a refresher programme if your last dive was more than 12 months ago. Please discuss this at time of booking. Discover Scuba Diving for First Time Divers — Need to know: · Please allow two days in a row to complete the Discover Scuba Diving. · The day prior to your Great Barrier Reef cruise, you will need to complete a pool training session on Hamilton Island (transfers included). · You must be 14 years and over, be able to swim and pass a medical questionnaire at the time of booking. · Your full-day experience includes one dive at the reef and one snorkelling session, a second dive is subject to weather and availability, and cost is additional $59 pp. Pricing: · First Time Divers: $450. First time divers must be 14 years and over. Additional dive subject to availability $59 pp. · Certified Divers: $450 Adult, Minor (12 — 14 years) $300 · PADI ReActive Refresher Programme: $98 pp · Pool Refresher Programme: $69 pp Please confirm departure days at the time of booking. *pp: per person 40. If you have booked a full-day dive adventure successfully, you will need to ________. A. prepare your own lunch B. bring your own diving equipment C. present your diving certification upon booking D. take a medical examination half a month before 41. What must a first-time diver know if he wants to book this trip? A. He must get his certification first. B. He has to finish a two-day training course. C. A second dive is definitely available. D. The training session is free of charge. 42. If a 28-year-old certified diver, who had his last dive two years ago, has booked this full-day diving trip and hopes to dive at some advanced dive sites, he needs to pay at least ________. A. $398 B. $450 C. $548 D. $598 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了大堡礁全日潜水项目，分别说明了持证潜水员与初次潜水者的要求、项目包含服务以及各项收费标准。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Certified Divers Need to know部分第一点“You must produce your certification card and/or log book at the time of booking. (你必须在预订时出示你的潜水证书和/或潜水日志本。)”可知，持证潜水者预订时必须出示潜水证书。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Discover Scuba Diving for First Time Divers — Need to know部分第一点“Please allow two days in a row to complete the Discover Scuba Diving. (请预留连续两天的时间来完成探索水肺潜水项目。)”可知，新手体验潜水需完成一个为期两天的培训行程。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Certified Divers Need to know部分第五点“As some of our dive locations are advanced dive sites you may be required to complete a refresher programme if your last dive was more than 12 months ago. (由于我们部分潜水地点属于高级潜水区，如果你的上一次潜水已超过12个月，你可能需要完成一次复训课程。)”和Pricing部分“Certified Divers: $450 Adult (持证潜水员：成人450美元)”、“ PADI ReActive Refresher Programme: $98 pp (PADI ReActive复训课程：每人98美元)”可知，成年持证潜水基础费用为450美元，他上次潜水是两年前，需要参加复训课程，合计至少548（=450+98）美元。 （C） The human sense of smell is weaker than sight. And the relative weakness of smell extends to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to odours (气味). Some people suggest it is very likely a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words useful to their speakers. A study by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands supports this. Dr Majid knew from previous work she had done that the Jahai, a group of hunter-gatherers who live in western Malaysia, are remarkably good at naming odours. For example, when she asked some Jahai, and also a comparable group of American volunteers, to name colours and odours they were presented with, the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colours but agreed much less when putting names to odours. Jahai answers, in contrast, were in equal agreement about both odours and colours. Dr Majid suggested that it might, in part, be because the Jahai have a dozen words dedicated to describing different sorts of smells in the abstract. To test how important someone’s way of life is to his or her use of abstract words for smells, Dr Majid looked at how two other groups of people used terms for colours and odours. These were the Semaq Beri, who also hunt and gather for a living, and the Semelai, who cultivate rice. Crucially, although these two peoples make their livings in different ways, their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest. Dr Majid asked 20 Semaq Beri and 21 Semelai to name odours and colours presented to them at random. The colours were on 80 differently colored cards; the odours on 16 variously scented (有香味的) sticks. The researcher found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for odours 85% of the time — about as often as they did for colours, which was 80%. The Semelai also used abstract colour descriptions at a similar rate, namely 78% of the time. But when it came to describing odours they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while resorting to analogies, such as “banana-like” and “chocolate-like”, 56% of the time. Moreover, as with Dr Majid’s earlier study with the Jahai, the Semaq Beri more frequently agreed with one another about naming odours than did the Semelai. Given these findings, Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is crucial to applying abstract names to odours. The business of surviving by eating what the forest has to offer requires more use of the nose than is needed for farming. 43. What does the pronoun “this” (in the last sentence of paragraph 1) refer to? A. More words should be coined to name odours. B. Human beings have a weaker sense of smell than sight. C. Languages tend to contain fewer words unrelated to culture. D. As smells matter little, most languages have few words for them. 44. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the Americans agreed less on the names of odours partly because ________. A. they had not been given proper training before the test B. colours are in most cases easier to tell apart than odours C. there are not many English words distinctively for odours D. they were too sensitive to odours to name them correctly 45. What can be learned about the Semaq Beri and the Semelai concerning their performance in the study? A. The former used fewer terms for odours than for colours. B. The latter often turned to other items to describe odours precisely. C. The former seldom agreed with each other about naming odours. D. The latter revealed a less advanced language system. 46. What is the conclusion that Dr Majid drew from her research involving the Semaq Beri and the Semelai? A. The use of abstract terms for odours is related to people’s lifestyle. B. Living in the forest requires more use of the nose than living on the farm. C. The business of surviving varies greatly from one tribe to another. D. It is people’s way of life that decide what language they speak. 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了一项研究表明，不同人群对气味的命名方式差异与他们的生活方式密切相关，而非语言本身。狩猎采集者更倾向于使用抽象词汇描述气味，而农耕者则更多依赖类比。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The human sense of smell is weaker than sight. And the relative weakness of smell extends to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to odours (气味). Some people suggest it is very likely a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words useful to their speakers. A study by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands supports this. (人类的嗅觉不如视觉灵敏。而嗅觉这种相对弱势的特点，也体现在语言层面。人类可以轻松给色彩命名，却不擅长给气味命名。有些人认为，这很可能是由于语言倾向于包含对使用者有用的词语所致。荷兰拉德堡德大学的Asifa Majid的一项研究支持了这一观点。)”可知，代词this指的是前面提到的“语言倾向于包含对使用者有用的词语”的观点，即由于气味不重要，大多数语言中很少有用于描述气味的词语。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colours but agreed much less when putting names to odours. Jahai answers, in contrast, were in equal agreement about both odours and colours. Dr Majid suggested that it might, in part, be because the Jahai have a dozen words dedicated to describing different sorts of smells in the abstract. (美国人在命名颜色方面通常能相互达成一致，但在给气味命名时，一致性则要低得多。相比之下，Jahai人的回答在颜色和气味方面都表现出同等程度的一致性。Majid博士认为，这可能部分是因为Jahai人拥有十几个专门用于抽象描述不同种类气味的词语。)”可推知，美国人在命名气味时一致性低得多，是因为不同于Jahai人所用的语言，英语中缺乏专门描述气味的词语。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But when it came to describing odours they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while resorting to analogies, such as “banana-like” and “chocolate-like”, 56% of the time. (但在描述气味时，他们仅在44%的情况下依赖抽象词汇，而在56%的情况下求助于类比，例如“像香蕉一样”和“像巧克力一样”。)”可知，Semelai人通常借助其他事物来精确描述气味。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Given these findings, Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is crucial to applying abstract names to odours. (鉴于这些发现，Majid博士认为，是狩猎和采集的生活方式，而不是特定语言的使用，对应用抽象名称描述气味至关重要。)”可知，Majid博士的结论是“使用抽象术语描述气味与人们的生活方式有关”。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Is Science Actually “Right”? The Covid crisis has led many scientists to take up arms (or at least keyboards) to defend their enterprise — and to be sure, science needs defenders these days. But while fighting back against science denial, some scientists say things that just aren’t true. ____47____ We are done. Anyone who denies such truths is stupid or ignorant. Well, no. Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered. Some familiar examples are Earth as the center of the universe, the absolute nature of time and space, and the stability of continents. Another popular move is to say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific method.” ____48____ Some will say it is empiricism: observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method: the use of experience and experiment to test a hypothesis (假设). (This is cast sometimes as the hypothetico-deductive (演绎的) method, in which the experiment must be framed as a deduction from theory, and sometimes as falsification, where the point of observation and experiment is to prove these theories false.) In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is to claim that this is all somehow simple and therefore to imply that anyone who doesn’t get it is dumb. Yet science is not simple, and neither is the natural world; therein lies the greatest challenge of science communication. What we do is both hard and, often, hard to explain. Our efforts to understand and characterize the natural world are just that: efforts. Because we’re human, we often fall flat. ____49____ Understanding the beautiful, complex world we live in, and using that knowledge to do useful things, is its own reward. ____50____ However, we have good reason to believe that they capture significant elements of it. And experience reminds us that when we ignore reality, it sooner or later comes back to bite us. A. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work. B. Scientific theories are not perfect reflections of reality. C. One popular move is to insist that science is right and that once we discover the truth about the world, that’s it. D. A popular move is that you can’t build trust if the things you are saying are not trustworthy. E. But we can never actually agree on what that method is. F. However, are scientific methods really scientific? 【答案】47. C 48. E 49. A 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨科学并非绝对正确，科学方法没有统一标准，科学是人类不断探索、修正认知的过程。 【47题详解】 根据空前的“The Covid crisis has led many scientists to take up arms (or at least keyboards) to defend their enterprise — and to be sure, science needs defenders these days. But while fighting back against science denial, some scientists say things that just aren’t true.(新冠危机促使许多科学家站出来（至少是在网络上）捍卫科学事业——诚然，如今科学确实需要捍卫者。但在反驳科学否定论的同时，一些科学家说出了并不属实的观点)”以及空后的“We are done. Anyone who denies such truths is stupid or ignorant.(大功告成。任何否认这些真理的人都是愚昧无知的)”可知，前文提出部分科学家存在不妥当的说法，后文是这类说法的具体内容，空格引出第一种常见错误观点。C选项“One popular move is to insist that science is right and that once we discover the truth about the world, that’s it.(一种常见说法就是坚称科学是正确的，一旦我们发现关于世界的真相，就到此为止了)”引出后文对该观点的阐述，语义衔接自然。 【48题详解】 根据空前的“Another popular move is to say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific method.”(另一种常见说法是，科学结论之所以正确，是因为科学家使用了“科学方法”)”以及空后的“Some will say it is empiricism: observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method: the use of experience and experiment to test hypothesis (假设).(有的人会说它是经验主义：对世界进行观察和描述。另一些人会说它是实验法：依靠经验和实验检验假设)”可知，前文提到用科学方法佐证结论，后文展现人们对科学方法有着不同理解，空格需要体现大家无法对科学方法达成统一看法。E选项“But we can never actually agree on what that method is.(但我们实际上永远无法就这种方法究竟是什么达成共识)”承接上文，引出下文不同人的不同解读。 【49题详解】 根据空前的“Our efforts to understand and characterize the natural world are just that: efforts. Because we’re human, we often fall flat.(我们理解、描绘自然界的尝试终究只是尝试。身为人类，我们常常会失败)”可知，前文说明人类探索科学时经常遭遇失败，空格承接失败这一情况，说明失败之后我们的做法。A选项“The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work.(好消息是，当这种情况发生时，我们会振作起来，重整旗鼓，继续研究)”中的that指代前文探索失败这件事，逻辑连贯。 【50题详解】 根据空后的“However, we have good reason to believe that they capture significant elements of it.(然而，我们有充分理由相信它们抓住了现实当中重要的部分)”可知，however表示转折，后文说明它们能够反映现实的一部分，空格应表达它们并不能完全复刻现实。B选项“Scientific theories are not perfect reflections of reality.(科学理论并不是现实的完美写照)”和后文形成转折关系，其中they指代句中的Scientific theories。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is the ‌“Real” You Real? We all want others to appreciate us for who we really are. In striving to achieve such relationships, we typically assume there is a ‌“real me”. But how do we actually know who we are? It may seem simple — we are a product of our life experiences, which are easily accessible through our memories of the past. But it turns out that identity is often not a truthful representation of who we are even if we have a good memory. When creating personal narratives, we rely on a psychological screening mechanism, which labels certain mental concepts which are rather vivid and rich in detail and emotion as memories, but not others. Remembering is unlike playing a video from the past in your mind; instead, it is a highly reconstructive process depending on knowledge, self-image, needs, and goals. Memories are therefore malleable — they can be twisted and changed easily. For example, Jean Piaget, a famous developmental psychologist, remembered an event in which he was kidnapped with his nanny — she often told him about it. After many years, she confessed to having made up the story. At that point, Piaget stopped believing in the memory, but it nevertheless remained as vivid as it was before. Is all this an unfavorable thing? There are heated discussions about how people suffering from depression tend to remember routine events. Some self-help books therefore make suggestions about how to obtain a more accurate sense of self. For example, we could try to get feedback from others. But it is essential to be cautious that they may have false memories about us, too. Crucially, there are upsides to our malleable memory. Picking and choosing memories is actually guided by self-enhancing biases (偏向) leading us to rewrite our past so it resembles what we feel and believe now. Inaccurate memories are necessary, resulting from the need to maintain a positive, up-to-date sense of self. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Memory and identity are not fixed; they are reconstructive and influenced by self-enhancing preferences. While some inaccuracies exist, they help maintain a positive self-image. Seeking feedback for self-awareness is crucial, but it must be taken with care due to potential false memories in others. 【解析】 【导语】文章指出记忆与身份并非固定不变，而是可重构并受自我提升偏向影响，不准确的记忆有助于维持积极的自我形象。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①But it turns out that identity is often not a truthful representation of who we are even if we have a good memory. ②When creating personal narratives, we rely on a psychological screening mechanism, which labels certain mental concepts which are rather vivid and rich in detail and emotion as memories, but not others. ③Remembering is unlike playing a video from the past in your mind; instead, it is a highly reconstructive process depending on knowledge, self-image, needs, and goals. ④Memories are therefore malleable — they can be twisted and changed easily. ⑤At that point, Piaget stopped believing in the memory, but it nevertheless remained as vivid as it was before. ⑥For example, we could try to get feedback from others. ⑦But it is essential to be cautious that they may have false memories about us, too. ⑧Picking and choosing memories is actually guided by self-enhancing biases (偏向) leading us to rewrite our past so it resembles what we feel and believe now. ⑨Inaccurate memories are necessary, resulting from the need to maintain a positive, up-to-date sense of self. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2、3、4四个要点整合，说明记忆与身份并非固定，而是经过心理筛选、高度可重构且易变的；将第6、7两个要点整合，说明寻求他人反馈以提升自我认知需谨慎，因为他人也可能持有错误记忆；将第8、9两个要点整合，说明自我提升偏好使记忆不准确，而这有助于维持积极的自我认知。 3. 遣词造句 Memory and identity are not fixed; they are reconstructive and influenced by self-enhancing preferences. While some inaccuracies exist, they help maintain a positive self-image. Seeking feedback for self-awareness is crucial, but it must be taken with care due to potential false memories in others. 【点睛】[高分句型1] While some inaccuracies exist, they help maintain a positive self-image. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句和不定式作宾语补足语) [高分句型2] Seeking feedback for self-awareness is crucial, but it must be taken with care due to potential false memories in others. (运用了动名词短语作主语) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这个病人似乎无法公开表达自己的情绪。(difficulty) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This patient seems/seemed to have difficulty (in) expressing her emotions openly. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这个病人”用This patient；表示“似乎”短语为seem to do，此处可视为描述当下状态，用一般现在时seems，也可视为描述过去观察到的状态，用一般过去时seemed；表示“无法做某事”短语为have difficulty (in) doing sth.；表示“表达自己的情绪”用动名词短语expressing her emotions，作介词in的宾语；表示“公开地”用副词openly，作状语。 53. 我要去图书馆找一本引人入胜的小说，以便在假期里阅读。(in search) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I’m heading to the library in search of an absorbing novel to read during my vacation. 【解析】 【详解】“去”可用动词短语head to，表示位置移动，可用现在进行时表示已经安排好的将来动作，“图书馆”可用名词短语the library，“找一本引人入胜的小说”可用介词短语in search of和名词短语an absorbing novel搭配，“以便在假期里阅读”描述的是“小说”的用途或功能，可用不定式作后置定语，“阅读”可用动词read，“在假期里”可用介词短语during my vacation。 54. 美术馆自豪地展示了各种各样的雕塑，这些雕塑在形式和材料上都各不相同。(vary) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The art gallery proudly displayed a diverse collection of sculptures, which vary in form and material. 【解析】 【详解】句子可处理为主从复合句，“这些雕塑在形式和材料上都各不相同”可用非限制性定语从句表示；主句应该是陈述过去发生的事，时态宜用一般过去时，主语“美术馆”可用名词短语the art gallery，状语“自豪地”可用副词proudly，谓语“展示”可用动词display，宾语“各种各样的雕塑”可用名词短语a diverse collection of sculptures；sculptures为从句的先行词，指物，在句中作主语，引导词用关系代词which，从句描述一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时，“在……上都各不相同”可用动词短语vary in，“形式和材料”可用名词短语form and material。 55. 从舞蹈服饰到中国舞文化知识，这位舞蹈老师给澳大利亚的学生带来了耳目一新的舞蹈文化体验。(bring) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】From dance costumes to knowledge of Chinese dance culture, this dance teacher brought a refreshing dance cultural experience to Australian students. 【解析】 【详解】 “从舞蹈服饰到中国舞文化知识”表达为From dance costumes to knowledge of Chinese dance culture；“这位舞蹈老师”为this dance teacher；“给某人带来某物”为bring sth to sb；“耳目一新的”为refreshing；“舞蹈文化体验”为dance cultural experience；“澳大利亚的学生”为Australian students；事情已经发生，用一般过去时brought。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王磊的邮件。在邮件中，王磊提到了最近遇到的困惑：一直以来他都想选择英语作为大学的主修专业，但是身边的朋友和家长对他的这一想法表示反对，原因主要是选择英语专业可能以后就业比较困难。回复王磊一份邮件，内容须包括：1) 你对他这一想法的态度；2) 你的理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Dear Wang Lei, I can completely understand your confusion about college major selection. However, I firmly believe that you should follow your passion and choose English as your major, despite the practical concerns raised by your parents and friends. First and foremost, genuine interest serves as a powerful catalyst for academic excellence. If you study what you truly love, you will be highly motivated, which will undoubtedly lead to outstanding academic performance and long-term career advancement. Furthermore, the alleged grim job market for English majors is actually a misconception. With the accelerating pace of globalization, English is no longer merely a subject but a crucial bridge to diverse fields. Proficiency in English, combined with knowledge in other areas like international trade or technology, will make you highly competitive. Therefore, I encourage you to communicate your determination calmly with your parents. As long as you are well-prepared and equipped with versatile skills, you will definitely carve out a fulfilling path for yourself. Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】题目要求学生以李明的身份，给好友王磊回复邮件，就他想选英语作为大学主修专业表达个人态度，再说明具体理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 坚定地：firmly→steadfastly, unwaveringly 充当：serve as→act as, function as 杰出的：outstanding→remarkable, exceptional 激励某人做某事：encourage sb. to do→motivate sb. to do 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Proficiency in English, combined with knowledge in other areas like international trade or technology, will make you highly competitive. 拓展句：If you possess proficiency in English in combination with knowledge in other areas like international trade or technology, you will be highly competitive. 【点睛】[高分句型1] If you study what you truly love, you will be highly motivated, which will undoubtedly lead to outstanding academic performance and long-term career advancement. (运用了If引导条件状语从句、what引导宾语从句、which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] As long as you are well-prepared and equipped with versatile skills, you will definitely carve out a fulfilling path for yourself. (运用了As long as引导条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $