Unit 6 Food and health（复习讲义）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

Unit 6 Food and health（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.掌握以 “Food and health” 为话题的核心词汇、短语的含义及固定搭配。 2.掌握重点短语和句型：宾语从句；it is +adj.+to do; mean doing/mean to do；preference 和prefer句型；would rather句型；treat相关短语；remind相关句型。 复习重难点 重点：辨析a bit / a bit of；too much / too many / much too；mean doing / mean to do；remind sb. of / about / to do / that从句； 难点： ①宾语从句三要素：引导词、陈述语序、时态呼应（客观真理时态特例、if 区分宾语从句&条件状语从句）； ②宾语从句的简化运用：宾语从句转不定式/疑问词+ to‑do结构；宾语从句否定转移现象； 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：I've decided to stay away from fried food and soft drinks.我决定远离油炸食品和软饮料 (教材P85) 【短语运用】： (1) stay away from 远离 (近义表达:keep away from) (2) fried food 油炸食品 (3) soft drinks 软饮料 【即时小练】 1.(完成句子)孩子们应该远离危险的河流。 Kids should ________ ________ ________ the dangerous river. 【答案】 stay away from 【详解】should 是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形；固定短语 stay away from 表示 “远离”，符合句意。 2.(完成句子)为了保持健康，你应该避免吃油炸食品。 To keep healthy, you should ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 avoid eating fried food 【详解】原句中“避免吃油炸食品”是关键词，“避免”对应的英文为avoid，情态动词should后接动词原形；“吃”对应的英文为eat，avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，故此处填eating；“油炸食品”对应的英文短语为fried food。故填avoid；eating；fried；food。 3.（翻译）众所周知，油炸食品和软饮料对我们健康有害。 ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As is known to all, fried food and soft drinks are bad for our health. 知识点2：I'm a bit overweight, so my mum took me to see a doctor. 我有点超重，所以妈妈带我去看了医生。(教材P85) The doctor said that I needed to lose a bit of weight by avoiding foods high in fat, oil and sugar.医生告诉我，我需要通过避免食用高脂肪、高油和高糖的食物来减轻一些体重。(教材P85) 【词汇】overweight超重的（合成词：over(超出)+weight（重量）=overweight） 【短语】lose weight 减肥 → （反义表达）put on weight 增肥 【辨析】a bit & a bit of 词组 词义 用法 例句 a bit 有点儿；稍微 = a little后接形容词/副词 It is a bit cold today.今天天气有点冷。 a bit of 一点儿；少量 = a little后接不可数名词 There is a bit of milk in the cup. 杯子里还有一点牛奶。 【即时小练】 1.(选词填空)：I feel ______ (a bit /a bit of) tired. I need ______ (a bit /a bit of) rest. 【答案】a bit；a bit of 【详解】a bit 用来修饰形容词或副词；a bit of 用来修饰不可数名词。第一空后 tired 是形容词，用 a bit；第二空后 rest 是不可数名词，用 a bit of。 2.There is ______ rain left in the cup, and it makes the air ______ cool. A. a little; a bit B. a bit; a little of C. a little of; a bit D. a bit of; a bit of 【答案】A 【详解】【句意】杯子里还剩一点雨水，这让空气有点凉爽。第一空修饰不可数名词 rain，用 a little；第二空修饰形容词 cool，用 a bit /a little。a little of 后面有限定词（the/this）才可用，故选 A。 3.（完成句子）如果你想要减肥，你应当保持均衡饮食。 If you want to ________ _______, you should ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 lose weight keep a balanced diet 【详解】原句中“减肥”以及“保持均衡饮食”是关键词，lose weight是固定短语表示“减肥”，want to do sth.是固定搭配，不定式作want的宾语；keep a balanced diet意为“保持均衡饮食”，balanced意为“均衡的”，形容词修饰名词diet；should为情态动词，后接动词原形。 知识点3：He also stated that it's necessary for me to have a more balanced diet to keep healthy. 他还说,我要有均衡的饮食来保持身体健康。(教材P85) 【句型分析】宾语从句：state + that 从句 ①stated that… 是动词state后接that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略，多用于正式书面语境，表示 “陈述/指出……”。 ②核心句型：It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…… 的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to have a more balanced diet。to keep healthy：动词不定式作目的状语，表目的 “为了保持健康”。 【词汇和短语】 (1）state v. 陈述;指出 → statement n.说明, 声明,称述 例句：He stated that we should do more exercise. 他指出我们应该多锻炼。 (2）keep healthy（=keep fit /stay healthy） 保持健康 【即时小练】 1.（翻译）对我们来说，为了保持健康拥有均衡的饮食是很有必要的。 __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s necessary for us to have a balanced diet to keep healthy. 2.It’s important for us ______ enough sleep every night. A. get B. to get C. getting D. gets 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查固定句型 It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.，意为 “对某人来说做某事是…… 的”。句中 It 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以此处用 to get。 3.（用所给词的正确形式填空）He made a ________ (state) that we should keep a balanced diet. 【答案】statement 【详解】不定冠词 a 后需要接名词；state 是动词，意为 “陈述”，它的名词形式是 statement，make a statement 表示 “发表声明 / 作出说明”。 知识点4：A balanced diet means having different kinds of healthy food every day. 均衡饮食意味着每天摄入不同种类的健康食物。 (教材P85) 【短语】 (1)a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 Keeping a balanced diet is good for your health. 保持均衡的饮食对你的健康有益。 (2)辨析mean doing sth.&mean to do sth. ①mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.错过这班公交车意味着要再等一个小时。 ②mean to do sth. 打算/意欲做某事 I mean to finish my homework before dinner.我打算晚饭前完成作业。 【即时小练】用所给词的适当形式填空 ①I didn’t mean________ (make) you feel upset by my words. ②Changing your living habit means ________ (give) up some old hobbies. ③We need a more ________ (balance) diet to keep fit in our daily life. 【答案】① to make ②giving ③ balanced 【详解】句意：我说的话并不是有意要让你难过。 mean to do sth. 意为 “打算 / 有意做某事”，本句表达主观意图，所以填 to make。 ②句意：改变你的生活习惯意味着要放弃一些旧的爱好。 mean doing sth. 意为 “意味着做某事”，本句表达客观上带来的结果，所以填 giving。 ③句意：在日常生活中，我们需要更加均衡的饮食来保持健康。 空格后是名词 diet，需要形容词来修饰；balance 是动词 / 名词，形容词形式 balanced 表示 “均衡的”，a balanced diet 为固定搭配 “均衡饮食”，所以填 balanced。 知识点5：And, in general, you should include a certain amount of meat and dairy products in your daily food.此外，一般来说，您应在日常饮食中摄入一定量的肉类和乳制品。 (教材P85) 【短语】 (1) in general 一般来说;通常;大体上。多用于句首，作评注性状语，用来概括总体情况。 例句：In general, teenagers need enough sleep.一般来说，青少年需要充足的睡眠。 (2)a certain amount of+不可数名词 一定量的…… 例句：You need a certain amount of water every day.你每天需要一定量的水。 (3)dairy products 乳制品（易错提示：dairy adj.牛奶的，乳制的, diary n.日记） 例句：Dairy products are good for our bones.乳制品对我们的骨骼有益。 【即时小练】 1.(完成句子)一般来说，充足的能量能帮你度过忙碌的一天。 ________ ________, enough energy can help you ________ ________ a busy day. 【答案】 In general get through 【详解】原文中“一般来说”和“度过忙碌的一天”是关键词。根据中英文对照，“In general”译为“一般来说”，句首固定搭配作状语，首字母要大写；get through意为“度过”，结构help sb (to) do sth 意为“帮助某人做事”，后接动词原形； 。故填In；general；get；through。 2..(选词填空：dairy /diary) I keep a ________ every day and take some ________ products for breakfast. 【答案】diary；dairy 【详解】【句意】我每天写日记，早餐会吃一些乳制品。diary 名词，日记；dairy 形容词，乳制的，dairy products 乳制品。 3.(单选) You need ________ sleep to keep active during afternoon classes. A. a certain amount of B. a number of C. many D. a few 【答案】A 【详解】【句意】你需要一定量的睡眠，以便下午上课时保持精力充沛。sleep 为不可数名词；a certain amount of 修饰不可数名词；B、C、D 都只能修饰可数名词复数。 知识点6：Then I treated myself to some ice cream.然后我还吃了点冰淇淋犒劳自己。 (教材P85) 【短语】treat oneself to犒劳某人自己……… 例句：After finishing all the homework, I treated myself to a cup of coffee.完成所有作业后，我犒劳自己喝了一杯咖啡。 【拓展】treat的用法 词性 & 词义 常用搭配 例句 v. 款待；犒劳 treat oneself to sth. 犒劳自己某物 treat sb. to sth. 招待某人某物 He treated himself to a new book. 他买了一本新书犒劳自己。 v. 对待 treat sb. (well /badly)（好/坏地）对待某人 We should treat others politely. 我们应该礼貌对待他人。 v. 治疗 treat sb. for + 疾病 治疗某人某种病 The doctor treated him for a fever. 医生给他治疗发烧。 v. 把…… 看作 treat sb./sth. as sth. 把…… 当作…… We treat him as our best friend. 我们把他当作最好的朋友。 n. 乐事；款待 a great treat 一大乐事 It is a great treat to go hiking. 去远足是件很开心的事。 【即时小练】 1.(完成句子)完成工作后，你可以犒劳自己吃大量美味的水果。 After finishing the work, you can ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ delicious fruit. 【答案】 treat yourself to plenty of 【详解】原句中“犒劳自己”、“大量”是关键词，表示“犒劳自己享用……”可用固定短语treat oneself to，反身代词要与主语保持一致，本句主语为you，所以oneself变为yourself；“大量”可用plenty of，可修饰不可数名词fruit。本句can后面接动词原形。故填treat；yourself；to；plenty；of。 2.(单选) My cousin treated me ______ a wonderful homemade meal last weekend. A. for B. to C. as D. with 【答案】B 【详解】【句意】上周末，表哥请我吃了一顿丰盛的家常菜。treat sb. to sth. 招待 / 请某人享用某物，为固定搭配。 3.(完成句子) 我们应当把小动物当作我们的伙伴。 We should ________ small animals ________ our partners. 【答案】treat; as 【详解】【句意】我们应当把小动物当作我们的伙伴。treat …as… 把…… 看作……；情态动词 should 后接动词原形。 知识点7：But you've had too much fried food and too many sugary drinks.但你吃了太多的油炸食品和含糖饮料。 (教材P85) 【词汇】sugary adj.含糖的，甜的→ sugar n. 糖 【辨析】too much&too many&much too 短语 含义 用法 例句 too much 太多 后接不可数名词；也可作副词短语修饰动词 Don’t eat too much fried food. 别吃太多油炸食品。Watching TV too much is bad for eyes. 看电视太多对眼睛不好。 too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 There are too many sugary drinks in the shop. 商店里有太多含糖饮料。 much too 太；非常 后接形容词 / 副词 The drink is much too sweet. 这饮料太甜了。 【即时小练】 1．My mother has ________ shoes, but they are ________ old. She doesn’t want to wear them anymore. A．too much; too many B．much too; too many C．too many; much too D．too many; too much 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈有太多的鞋子，但是它们太旧了。她不想再穿它们了。 too many太多，修饰可数名词复数，too much太多，修饰不可数名词，much too太……，修饰形容词或副词。第一空后shoes为可数名词复数，用too many；第二空后old为形容词，用much too。 2. 选词填空（too much&too many&much too） ①If you spend ________ time staying up late, it will influence your daily study. ②________ high‑fat meals will make you put on weight easily. ③The dish is ________ oily, so I won’t order it again. 【答案】①too much；②Too many；③much too 【详解】①【句意】如果你花太多时间熬夜，这会影响你的日常学习。time 此处为不可数名词，too much 修饰不可数名词，表 “太多”，填 too much。 ②【句意】太多高脂餐食容易让你长胖。meals 是可数名词复数，too many 修饰可数名词复数，表 “太多”，填 Too many。 ③【句意】这道菜油脂太重，所以我不会再点了。oily 是形容词，much too 修饰形容词或副词，表 “太”，填 much too。 知识点8：Expressing preferences表达偏好(教材P91) 【词汇】preference n. 偏爱；偏好；喜好 →prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿 【短语】 ①have a preference for sth. 偏爱某物 She has a preference for healthy food.她偏爱健康的食物。 ②show a preference for… 表现出对…… 的偏爱 Many kids show a preference for sugary snacks.很多孩子偏爱含糖零食。 【拓展运用】prefer的用法 ①prefer sth. 更喜欢某物 I prefer fruit. 我更喜欢水果。 ②prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事（习惯性爱好） I prefer eating home‑cooked meals.我更喜欢吃家常菜。 ③prefer to do sth. 宁愿 / 更喜欢做某事（某次具体选择） I prefer to drink water rather than soft drinks.比起软饮料，我宁愿喝水。 ④prefer A to B 比起 B 更喜欢 A（A、B 可为名词 / 动名词 doing） I prefer vegetables to fried food.比起油炸食品，我更喜欢蔬菜。 She prefers walking to driving.比起开车，她更喜欢步行。 ⑤prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做 A 也不愿做 B He prefers to drink tea rather than drink cola.他宁愿喝茶也不喝可乐。 【即时小练】 1.I prefer ______ quiet reading ______ noisy parties in my free time. A. read; to B. reading; to C. to read; than D. reading; than 【答案】B 【详解】句意：空闲时，比起喧闹的聚会，我更喜欢安静阅读。 prefer doing A to doing B 比起做 B 更喜欢做 A，to 为介词，后接动名词。 2.She prefers ______ by bike rather than ______ the crowded subway. A. to travel; take B. travel; take C. travelling; taking D. to travel; taking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她宁愿骑自行车出行，也不愿乘坐拥挤的地铁。prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做 A 也不愿做 B，rather than 后用动词原形。 3.(用所给词的正确形式填空）Most students have a ________ (prefer) for sports after school. 【答案】preference 【详解】冠词 a 后接名词；prefer 的名词形式是 preference。have a preference for 偏爱…… 知识点9：I’d rather have some beef noodles for dinner.我宁愿晚餐吃些牛肉面。(教材P91) 【句型】 (1)would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事（否定式） I’d rather drink water. 我宁愿喝水。 I’d rather not eat fried food.我宁愿不吃油炸食品。 He would rather stay away from sugary drinks. 他宁愿远离含糖饮料。 (2)would rather do A than do B 宁愿做 A，也不愿做 B than 后面同样用动词原形 I’d rather have beef noodles than hamburgers.我宁愿吃牛肉面，也不吃汉堡。 【即时小练】 1.I’d rather ______ in the library than ______ shopping on weekends. A. read; go B. to read; to go C. reading; going D. read; to go 【答案】A 【详解】【句意】周末我宁愿在图书馆看书，也不愿去购物。固定搭配 would rather do A than do B，than 前后都要使用动词原形，故选 A。 2.(翻译)我宁愿不吃那些高糖甜点。 ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】I’d rather not eat those high‑sugar desserts. 【详解】【句意】我宁愿不吃那些高糖甜点。would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事，后面跟动词原形。 知识点10：The fish pie reminded me of my grandma.这道鱼派让我想起了我的祖母。(教材P92) 【短语】remind sb. of ... 使某人想起 （of 是介词，后面接名词 / 代词 / 动名词） 【拓展】remind 的用法小结 remind sb. of sth. → 使某人想起某事（回忆） remind sb. about sth. → 提醒别忘记某事，无回忆含义 remind sb. to do sth. → 提醒某人要去做某事（动作） remind sb. that 从句 → 提醒某人……（接句子） 【即时小练】 一、用 of /about/to /that 填空 ①This song reminds me ______ my old school life. ②Please remind me ______ tomorrow’s meeting. ③Remind him ______ do more sports. ④Mum reminds me ______ I must keep a balanced diet. 【答案】①of；②about；③to；④that 【详解】 ①【句意】这首歌让我想起我往日的校园生活。remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事，勾起回忆，填 of。 ②【句意】请提醒我明天的会议。remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事，防止遗忘，没有回忆含义，填 about。 ③【句意】提醒他多做运动。remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事，to 后接动词原形，填 to。 ④【句意】妈妈提醒我必须保持均衡饮食。remind sb. that 从句，that 后面接完整陈述句，填 that。 二、完成句子 1.这首歌让我想起了我的奶奶。 This song ________ ________ ________ my grandmother. 【答案】reminds me of 【详解】原句中“让我想起”是关键词，表示“使某人想起”的短语是remind sb of。本句描述客观事实，为一般现在时，主语this song是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。应填reminds me of。 2. 请提醒他按时上交报告。 Please ________ ________ ________ hand in his report on time. 【答案】remind him to 【详解】【句意】请提醒他按时上交报告。remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事；please 后接动词原形。 3. 老师提醒我们不要吃太多含糖零食。 The teacher ________ ________ ________ we shouldn’t eat too many sugary snacks. 【答案】reminds us that 【详解】【句意】老师提醒我们不要吃太多含糖零食。remind sb. that + 从句；主语 the teacher 是单数，一般现在时，remind 用 reminds。 单元语法：宾语从句 一、宾语从句的定义 宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，即一个句子作为另一个句子的宾语成分，用来表示动作的对象、内容或结果。如： 二、宾语从句的分类 它通常位于及物动词、介词或某些形容词之后，用来补充说明这些词所涉及的具体内容（如 “说什么”“想什么”“知道什么”“担心什么” 等）。 ①跟在及物动词后（动词 + 宾语从句） She knows that he is honest.（她知道他是诚实的。） ② 跟在介词后（介词 + 宾语从句） We are talking about whether we should go there.（我们在讨论是否应该去那里。） ③跟在某些形容词后（形容词 + 宾语从句） I am sure that he will come.（我确信他会来。） 三、宾语从句的引导词 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 例：He says (that) he likes playing football.他说他喜欢踢足球。 注意：在以下情况，宾语从句的that不能省略。 ①and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如： He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。 ②that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 2. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 注意：以下情况的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if： ①引导词与动词不定式连用时。 例：I can’t decide whether to stay or leave.我不能决定是留下还是离开。 ②当从句做介词的宾语时。 例：We are worried about whether we can finish the work on time.我们担心是否能按时完成工作。 ③宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 例：Whether he will come, I don’t know.他是否会来，我不知道。 ④ 与or连用表明确的二选一选择，或句中出现or not 时，只能用whether，不能用if。 例：I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. 我不知道他是错的还是她错了。 She asked me whether or not I wanted to go.她问我要不要去。 3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 例：I don’t know who he is.我不知道他是谁。 I want to know whom you are waiting for.我想知道你在等谁。 Could you tell me whose pen this is?你能告诉我这是谁的笔吗？ I don’t know what he wants.我不知道他想要什么。 Please tell me which answer is right.请告诉我哪个答案是对的。 Do you know when the meeting will start?你知道会议什么时候开始吗？ Can you tell me where he lives?你能告诉我他住在哪里吗？ I don’t know why he was late.我不知道他为什么迟到。 Please tell me how I can get there.请告诉我怎样才能到那里。 四、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 例：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. 2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。 例：Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard. Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday. 注意：当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 例：What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her. What’s the matter? 怎么了？→ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him? 他怎么了？→ We want to know what has happened to him. 五、宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 例：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要动身去纽约。 Please tell us where he is.请告诉我们他在哪里。 Can/Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？ 2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 例：He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将要参加跳高比赛。 He asked what time it was.他问现在几点了。 He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.他告诉我他正在为运动会做准备。 He asked if you had written to Peter.他问你是否给彼得写过信。 He said that he would go back to the US soon.他说他很快就要回美国了。 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 例：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.我们老师说一月是一年中的第一个月。 Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.科学家已经证明地球绕着太阳转。 He told me that the earth is round.他告诉我地球是圆的。 六、宾语从句的注意事项 1) 宾语从句的否定转移 当陈述句是 “I think（认为）/believe（相信）/ … + 宾语从句” 时，若宾语从句表示否定含义，习惯上要将否定前移到主句的谓语动词 think /believe/ … 前，即 “I don’t think /believe/ … + 宾语从句”。 例：I think it is a good way to lose weight. → I don’t think it is a good way to lose weight. (2) 宾语从句的简化 ① 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 hope、decide、agree 等时，从句可以简化为不定式结构。 例：I decide that I will go to the park.= I decide to go to the park.我决定去公园。 ② 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，主句的谓语动词是 know、remember、forget、learn 等，且宾语从句由 what、who、which、when、where 等引导时，可以把从句简化为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。 例：I don't know what I should do next.= I don't know what to do next.我不知道下一步该做什么。 ③ 当主句的谓语动词是 ask、tell、show、teach 等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可以简化为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。 例：The teacher told us how we should solve the problem.= The teacher told us how to solve the problem. 老师告诉我们如何解决这个问题。 【即时小练】 1.（2026·广州真题）Mike also told his friends about he planned to do, and everyone wanted to help. A．what B．how C．whether D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Mike还把他计划要做的事告诉了他的朋友们，大家都想帮忙。 根据句意，about后接宾语从句，从句中planned to do缺少宾语，需填连接代词what“……的事情”在从句中作宾语；how表方式、whether表是否、where表地点，均不能在从句中作宾语。 2.(2025·广州·真题)Now, more than ever, I understand I love the sea—it is full of unknown danger, yet beautiful. A．whether B．when C．what D．why 【答案】D 【解析】句意：现在，我比以往任何时候都更明白我为什么爱大海。 whether是否；when什么时候；what什么；why为什么。根据“I understand...I love the sea”以及“it...full of unknown danger, yet beautiful.”可知，此处表示明白为什么爱大海。故选D。 3.(2024·广州·真题)They were so surprised at they saw. A．what B．that C．how D．which 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他们对所看到的感到非常惊讶。 what 什么；that 那；how 如何；which 哪一个。空处引导宾语从句，同时也是saw的宾语，指“看到的事物”，所以用what引导宾语从句。故选A。 4.(2023·广州·真题)He decided he would get stronger. He would do exercises and flap (拍动) his wings every day. A．what B．why C．when D．that 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他决心变得更强壮。 what什么；why为什么；when什么时候；that那，或作引导词无实意。根据“He decided...he would get stronger.”可知此处是that引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述句用that引导。故选D。 5.—Peter, do you know ________ the art festival last week! —Sure! In the community center. A．where will the students hold B．where the students will hold C．where did the students hold D．where the students held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——彼得，你知道上周学生们在哪里举办艺术节吗？——当然！在社区中心。 考查宾语从句。根据“do you know”可知此处是where引导的宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除A和C；结合“last week”可知“举办”的动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时，故选D。 6.—Could you tell me ________ in China? —It started in Xi’an. It went through Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. A．when did the Silk Road start B．when the Silk Road started C．where did the Silk Road start D．where the Silk Road started 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我丝绸之路在中国从哪里开始吗？——它从西安开始。它穿越亚洲、中东、北非和欧洲。 考查宾语从句。分析题干可知，空处使用宾语从句，从句使用陈述句语序，排除A和C；根据“It started in Xi’an.”可知，此处询问位置，用where引导宾语从句。故选D。 7.They want to know ______ they will have the meeting tomorrow. A．whether B．what C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们想知道明天是否会开会。   考查连词辨析。whether是否；what什么；that那个；which哪一个。根据句意，此处需要表示“是否”的连词引导宾语从句。故选A。 8.My father always says ______ my mom is the best cook in the world. A．if B．whether C．that D．how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的爸爸总是说我妈妈是世界上最好的厨师。    考查宾语从句引导词辨析。if是否；whether是否；that无实际意义（引导陈述句宾语从句）；how如何。根据“my mom is the best cook in the world”可知，从句是结构完整的陈述句，不缺成分和语义，因此用that引导宾语从句。故选C。 9.There are so many beautiful scarves, I don’t know _________ . A．how to buy B．what to buy C．to choose which one D．which one to buy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：有那么多漂亮的围巾，我不知道买哪一条。 考查宾语从句。how to buy如何购买；what to buy买什么；to choose which one选择哪一个；which one to buy买哪一个。根据“There are so many beautiful scarves…”，可知，此处询问的是，不知道自己该买哪一个。应该用“which one to buy” 表示哪一个，多条围巾中选一条。故选D。 10.—I don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. —If he ________ tomorrow, I will ask him for a dinner. A．will come; comes B．comes; will come C．comes; comes D．will come; will come 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我不知道他明天是否会来。——如果他明天来，我会请他吃饭。 考查从句中的时态。分析句子可知，第一个句子中if引导宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句时态不受主句限制，结合“tomorrow”可知，宾语从句用一般将来时will come；第二个句子中if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，if引导的从句用一般现在时，动词用三单comes。故选A。 二、完成句子 1.Light travels faster than sound. His mum told him. (改为带有宾语从句的复合句) His mum told him ________ light ________ faster than sound. 【答案】 that travels 【详解】句意：光比声音传播得快。他的妈妈告诉他。原句是两个独立的句子，改成宾语从句时，要用引导词“that”，that没有实际含义，只起连接作用；“光比声音传播快”是客观真理，从句时态需用一般现在时。主语是light，谓语动词用三单形式travels。 2.我确信努力能够改变我们的生活。 I ________ ________ ________ hard work can change our lives. 【答案】 am certain that 【详解】原句中关键词是“确信”，be certain that“确信”，时态用一般现在时，句子主语是I，对应的be动词用am。 3.我想知道他是否能准时到校。 I wonder ________ ________ ________ ________ school on time. 【答案】 if/whether he can reach 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“他是否能到”，wonder后接宾语从句，if 意为“是否”引导宾语从句，he意为“他”作从句主语，can 意为“能”表能力，reach 意为“到达”，是及物动词后直接接school。 4．他们想知道怎么能去那里。 They wonder ________ ________ ________ there. They wonder ________ ________ ________ ________ there. 【答案】 how to get how they can get 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“怎么能去”。“疑问词+不定式”结构可在句中作宾语；get there意为“到达那里”，how to get表示“怎么能去那里”。wonder后面接宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序；how表示“怎么”，they表示“他们”，情态动词can表示“能”；get there意为“去那里”。 5.汤姆不知道火车将会什么时候到达。 Tom didn’t know ________ ________ ________ ________ arrive. 【答案】 when the train would 【详解】第一空“什么时候”是关键词，when译为“什么时候”，此处引导宾语从句，应用when；the为定冠词，用来特指火车，第二空应用the；第三空“火车”是关键词，train译为 “火车”，在从句中作主语，应用train；第四空“将会”是关键词，would译为 “将会”，主句为一般过去时，宾语从句要使用过去将来时，应用would。故填when；the；train；would。 6.“Are the classmates playing in the playground?” Mary asked me. （改为宾语从句） Mary asked me ________ the classmates ________ ________ in the playground. 【答案】 whether/if were playing 【详解】句意：玛丽问我：“同学们在操场上玩吗？”。原句直接引语是一般疑问句，改为宾语从句时，用whether/if“是否”作为引导词；宾语从句必须使用陈述语序；主句谓语asked是一般过去时，从句的现在进行时要对应调整为过去进行时were playing。 （时间：40分钟） 一、选词填空 A.阅读下面短文，在方框中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空。 boil, biscuit, sugary, overweight, menu, preference, welcoming, tend, sweat, soil Our eating habits are very important for our health. Many students today are 1 because they eat too much fast food. They like 2 drinks and sweet food. When they are hungry, they eat a packet of 3 and drink a bottle of cola. This is not healthy at all. In our school dining hall, the 4 is a good one. There is a lot of fresh food on it. My 5 is to have rice, vegetables and some soup. I like to 6 an egg for breakfast, and I always have some fruit after lunch. My grandmother likes to 7 her small garden. She grows vegetables in the rich 8 . She often says that food comes from the earth, and we should thank the farmers who work hard and 9 in the fields. The cooks in our school are very 10 to us. They always ask us what we would like to eat. Eating well and doing exercise every day can keep us healthy. 【答案】 1．overweight 2．sugary 3．biscuits 4．menu 5．preference 6．boil 7．tend 8．soil 9．sweat 10．welcoming 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了饮食习惯对健康的重要性。 【详解】 1．句意：如今许多学生超重，因为他们吃太多快餐。根据语境“eat too much fast food”可知，这会导致身体超重。结合选词框中的单词，overweight意为“超重的”，符合语境。 2．句意：他们喜欢含糖饮料和甜食。根据后文“sweet food”（甜食）可知，此处指饮料也是甜的。结合选词框中的单词，sugary意为“含糖的”，修饰名词drinks，符合语境。 3．句意：当他们饿的时候，他们吃一包饼干并喝一瓶可乐。根据语境“eat a packet of...”可知，此处需要填入一种食物名词。结合选词框中的单词，biscuit意为“饼干”，且“a packet of”后通常接复数名词，故填biscuits。 4．句意：在我们学校食堂，菜单很好。根据后文“There is a lot of fresh food on it.”可知，“it”指代的是列有食物的清单。结合选词框中的单词，menu意为“菜单”，符合语境。 5．句意：我的偏好是吃米饭、蔬菜和喝一些汤。根据语境“is to have rice, vegetables and some soup”可知，这是作者个人的选择或喜好。结合选词框中的单词，preference意为“偏好，喜爱”，符合语境。 6．句意：我早餐喜欢煮一个鸡蛋，午饭后我总是吃一些水果。根据语境“an egg”和“like to”可知，此处需要填入动词原形表示烹饪方式。结合选词框中的单词，boil意为“煮”，符合语境。 7．句意：我的祖母喜欢照料她的小花园。根据后文“She grows vegetables...” 可知，祖母在打理花园。结合选词框中的单词，tend意为“照料，护理”，like to后接动词原形，符合语境。 8．句意：她在肥沃的土壤里种蔬菜。根据语境“grows vegetables in the rich...”可知，植物生长在土里。结合选词框中的单词，soil意为“土壤”，不可数名词，符合语境。 9．句意：她经常说食物来自大地，我们应该感谢那些在田地里辛勤劳作和流汗的农民。根据语境“work hard and...”可知，此处需要一个动词与work并列，描述农民在田里的辛苦状态。结合选词框中的单词，sweat意为“流汗”，主语farmers是复数，时态为一般现在时，用动词原形，符合语境。 10．句意：我们学校的厨师对我们非常热情。根据后文“They always ask us what we would like to eat.”可知，厨师的态度很好。结合选词框中的单词，welcoming意为“热情的”，be welcoming to sb.意为“对某人热情”，符合语境。 B.从方框中选择合适的短语补全句子。 would rather,  energy drink,  treat oneself to,   cause health problems,  depend on,   in general,  stay away from,  a bit of,  tend to,  be prepared to 1． , water is the healthiest drink for teenagers. 2．Too much caffeine in an may be bad for young people. 3. After finishing the hard work, you can a nice meal. 4．Too much sugar in drinks can . 5．Whether the juice is good or not will its ingredients. 6．We should drinks with lots of added sugar. 7．You can put honey into your water if you want a little sweet taste. 8．Many teenagers pick sweet drinks when they feel tired. 9．I drink pure water than sweet soda. 10．If you want to keep healthy, you need to change your drinking habits. 【答案】 1．In general 2．energy drink 3．treat yourself to 4．cause health problems 5．depend on 6．stay away from 7．a bit of 8．tend to 9．would rather 10．be prepared to 【详解】 1．句意：总的来说，水是青少年最健康的饮料。根据“ water is the healthiest drink...”的语境可知，此处位于句首作状语，表示概括性陈述，in general表示“总的来说”，符合语境。 2．句意：功能饮料中过多的咖啡因可能对年轻人有害。根据“Too much caffeine in an...”及冠词“an”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处需填以元音音素开头的名词短语，且与咖啡因有关，故填energy drink。 3．句意：完成繁重的工作之后，你可以好好享用一顿美食。根据前面“After finishing the hard work”可知，此处想表达辛苦工作后犒劳自己享用某物。can后需加动词原形短语，短语treat oneself to sth.意为“犒劳自己享用……”，主语是you，反身代词用yourself，应填treat yourself to。 4．句意：饮料中过多的糖会引起健康问题。根据“Too much sugar in drinks can...”的语境可知，此处表示过多糖分带来的负面后果，故填cause health problems。 5．句意：果汁是否好喝将取决于它的成分。根据“Whether the juice is good or not will...”及“its ingredients”的语境可知，此处表示两者之间的依赖关系，故填depend on。 6．句意：我们应该远离含有大量添加糖的饮料。根据“We should...”及“drinks with lots of added sugar”的语境可知，此处表示建议避免摄入含糖饮料，故填stay away from。 7．句意：如果你想要一点甜味，可以在水里放一点蜂蜜。根据“put... honey”及“a little sweet taste”的语境可知，此处修饰不可数名词honey，a bit of表示少量，符合语境。 8．句意：许多青少年感到累时往往选择甜饮料。根据“Many teenagers... pick sweet drinks”的语境可知，此处表示一种倾向或习惯，故填tend to。 9．句意：比起甜苏打水，我宁愿喝纯净水。根据"...drink pure water than..."的语境可知，此处与than搭配表示偏好，故填would rather。 10．句意：如果你想保持健康，你需要准备好改变你的饮水习惯。根据“you need to... change your drinking habits”的语境可知，此处表示为了健康需要做好的心理准备，故填be prepared to。 二、单项选择 1．As teenagers, we should ________ bad online information to protect ourselves. A．stay away from B．get away from C．keep in touch with D．stay up late 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为青少年，我们应该远离不良网络信息来保护自己。 stay away from远离；get away from离开（某个地方）；keep in touch with与……保持联系；stay up late熬夜。根据题干“bad online information”及“protect ourselves”可知，应“远离”不良信息，应填stay away from。 2．The little boy ________ the door and found a small garden behind it. A．got through B．went through C．got off D．got up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小男孩穿过门，发现门后有一座小花园。 got through通过（测试、电话接通）；went through穿过，经历（从物体内部穿过）；got off下车；got up起床。句中宾语是the door，表示从门里面穿过，“went through”符合语境。 3．Could you tell me ________ we can improve our memory in a short time? A．what B．how C．who D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能告诉我们如何在短时间内提高记忆力吗？ what什么；how如何；who谁；which哪一个。根据“Could you tell me… we can improve our memory in a short time?”可知，此处是询问提高记忆力的方式或方法，应用how引导宾语从句。 4.The report ________ that more teenagers spend less time doing sports these days. A．states B．speaks C．talks D．tells 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这份报告陈述，如今更多青少年花在运动上的时间变少了。 state陈述，说明（正式，后面接 that 从句，多用于报告、文件）；speak强调说某种语言，或发言；talk交谈，谈论，常搭配 with/to；tell告诉，讲述，常用 tell sb sth。本句主语是report，后面接that宾语从句，是正式的陈述观点，state最合适。 5.If you eat ________ sweet food, you’ll have ________ health problems in the future. A．too much; too many B．too many; too much C．much too; too many D．too many; much too 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你吃太多甜食，你将来会有太多的健康问题。 too much太多（修饰不可数名词）；too many太多（修饰可数名词复数）；much too太（修饰形容词/副词）。第一空后“sweet food”为不可数名词，应用too much；第二空后“health problems”为可数名词复数，应用too many。 6. Many teenagers show a ______ for online games instead of outdoor sports. A. prefer B. preference C. preferred D. preferring 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多青少年偏爱网络游戏而不是户外运动。 不定冠词 a 后接名词；preference n. 偏爱；prefer v. 更喜欢。show a preference for… 固定搭配 “表现出对…… 的偏爱”。 7．Mrs. Green asked me ________ I would go with her. A．what B．which C．why D．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Mrs. Green问我为什么要和她一起去。 what什么；which哪一个；why为什么；that起连接作用（无实际意义）。根据空前的谓语动词“asked”以及空后的从句“I would go with her”可知，主句动词asked意为“询问”，其后的宾语从句需由疑问词引导，that引导陈述句作宾语从句，不能与asked搭配，排除D项；从句中主语为I，谓语would go为不及物动词短语，with her作状语，从句结构完整，不缺少主语、宾语或表语，排除作连接代词的what和which；连接副词why引导宾语从句并在从句中作原因状语，表示“为什么”，符合语境，应填why。 8.—Elsa, could you tell me ________? —Well. You’d better take the high-speed train. You can save both time and energy. A．what I could do in Beijing B．when can visit I Beijing C．how could I visit Beijing D．how I can get to Beijing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——艾尔莎，你能告诉我我怎样才能到北京吗？——嗯，你最好坐高铁。你既能节省时间又能节省精力。 what I could do in Beijing我在北京可以做什么 ；when can I visit Beijing我什么时候可以游览北京 ； how could I visit Beijing我该如何游览北京 ； how I can get to Beijing我怎样才能到达北京。宾语从句必须使用陈述语序。B、C是疑问语序，直接排除。答句回答的是出行方式，A询问在北京做什么，和答语不相符。D是陈述语序，询问如何到达北京，和答句高铁的出行方式对应，所以选D。 9.I never doubt ________ David is willing to help those homeless people. A．whether B．that C．when D．how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我从不怀疑大卫愿意帮助那些无家可归的人。 whether是否；that无实际含义，仅起连接作用，引导陈述意义的宾语从句；when什么时候；how如何。句中主句出现never doubt表示“从不怀疑”，后接的宾语从句是陈述确定的事实，需要用that引导，符合语境。 10. The smell of the wet grass reminds me ______ my summer holiday in the village. A. to B. of C. about D. for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：湿润青草的气味让我想起我在乡村度过的暑假。remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某物 / 某事（勾起回忆）；remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事（防止遗忘）；remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事（后接不定式）。本句表回忆，故选 of。 三、完形填空 Ms. Chen’s class was full of excitement. “I have a (n) 1 task for you: try something different,” she said. “Bring a food that shows your family’s culture or history next Monday. Each of you will share your 2 and the story behind it.” The students were excited about what they would bring. Everyone had an idea except Liz. That night at dinner, Liz 3 her food without eating. “What’s wrong?” her dad asked. Liz sighed (叹气). “We have to bring a food that shows our family’s culture or history, but I don’t know what to bring.” Her mom laughed. “That’s easy! You can bring wonton soup. Your grandma 4 me how to make it when I was your age. It has been in our Chinese family for generations (几代).” Her dad smiled. “You could bring enchiladas! It has been in our Mexican family for 5 . Everyone in our family loves it. It is 6 at our table.” Liz looked at her mom, then at her dad. “Which can I 7 ?” Liz thought. On Sunday afternoon, Liz was sitting in the yard. Suddenly, she sat up straight. Why do I have to choose? She ran inside. “Mom! Dad! I have a great 8 ! What if we made a dish that mixes Mexican and Chinese food?” Her parents’ eyes lit up. “That’s wonderful! Let’s get cooking!” They spent the rest of Sunday in the kitchen. Finally, they 9 a crispy wonton wrapper (馄饨皮) filled with beef, beans, and cheese—a new dish they called “burri-ton”. The next day, Liz introduced her “burri-tons” to the class. “They’re a mix of Mexican and Chinese food—just like my family. So we made a dish that brings both our cultures.” Ms. Chen smiled. “Liz, that’s amazing. This dish truly shows who you are.” When Liz watched her classmates enjoying eating her “burri-tons”, she felt so 10 in her heart. It wasn’t one culture or the other—it was both, together. And it was delicious. 1．A．special B．daily C．easy D．old 2．A．book B．video C．dish D．picture 3．A．stared at B．pointed at C．waited for D．asked for 4．A．taught B．called C．asked D．wanted 5．A．hours B．days C．months D．years 6．A．simple B．popular C．fresh D．healthy 7．A．eat B．buy C．choose D．solve 8．A．question B．dream C．time D．idea 9．A．bought B．created C．copied D．ordered 10．A．sorry B．excited C．worried D．surprised 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了Liz的老师布置了一项特殊作业：带一道能展现家庭文化或历史的食物到班级分享。Liz家兼具中国和墨西哥两种文化，她纠结选哪一种食物，最后灵光一闪，创造出融合两种文化的新菜品，获得老师和同学认可的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：我有一个特别的任务给你们：尝试一些不同的东西。 根据后文“try something different”以及老师布置的任务是带能体现家庭文化历史的食物，属于很特别的任务。special表示“特殊的”，作定语修饰task。daily“日常的”，easy“容易的”，old“老的”，均不符合语境。 2．句意：你们每个人都将分享你们的菜品及其背后的故事。 根据前文“Bring a food that shows your family’s culture or history”可知，每个同学需要带一道菜品来分享，dish表示“菜肴”。book“书”，video“视频”，picture“图片”，均不符合语境。 3．句意：那天晚上吃晚餐时，Liz盯着她的食物却没有吃。 根据后文“What’s wrong?”以及Liz在发愁作业，stared at表示“盯着看”，符合发愁发呆盯着食物却不吃的状态。pointed at“指着”，waited for“等待”，asked for“索要”，均不符合语境。 4．句意：你奶奶在我像你这么大的时候教我怎么做馄饨汤。 根据语境，妈妈说奶奶在她像Liz这么大的时候教她做馄饨汤，teach sb. how to do sth.“教某人如何做某事”，taught是teach的过去式。called“呼叫”，asked“询问”，wanted“想要”，均不符合语境。 5．句意：它在我们墨西哥家庭里已经传承了很多年。 根据前文“It has been in our Chinese family for generations”可知，此处描述墨西哥家庭中enchiladas的历史，同样强调时间之久，for years意为“很多年”，与for generations对应。hours“小时”，days“天”，months“月”，时间太短，不符合语境。 6．句意：它在我们的餐桌上很受欢迎。 根据前文“Everyone in our family loves it.”可知，这道菜很受欢迎，popular表示“受欢迎的”。simple“简单的”，fresh“新鲜的”，healthy“健康的”，均不符合语境。 7．句意：我该选哪一个呢？ 根据前文，妈妈提议馄饨汤，爸爸提议墨西哥卷饼，Liz纠结自己该选哪一个，choose表示“选择”。eat“吃”，buy“买”，solve“解决”，均不符合语境。 8．句意：我有一个好主意！ 根据后文“What if we made a dish that mixes Mexican and Chinese food?”可知，Liz突然想到一个融合两种文化的好主意，idea表示“主意、想法”。question“问题”，dream“梦想”，time“时间”，均不符合语境。 9．句意：最后，他们创造了一道用酥脆馄饨皮包裹牛肉、豆子和奶酪的新菜——他们把这道新菜叫作“burri‑ton”。 根据语境，这是一道原本不存在的创新菜品，是Liz和父母共同制作出来的，created表示“创造”，符合描述。bought“买”，copied“复制”，ordered“订购”，均不符合语境。 10．句意：她心里感到非常兴奋。 根据前文“When Liz watched her classmates enjoying eating her ‘burritons’”可知，Liz实现了自己的创意并得到认可，心情应是兴奋和喜悦的，excited表示“激动的、兴奋的”。sorry“抱歉的”，worried“担忧的”，surprised“惊讶的”，均不符合语境。 四、阅读理解 Have you ever come across such a situation? At the dinner table, your parents keep telling you to eat more vegetables, but you really want to refuse. Why do many young people dislike eating vegetables even though they have many benefits? Scientists say young people’s taste buds (味蕾) are not ready for the bitter (苦的) taste of some vegetables because their taste buds aren’t fully mature yet. As they grow older, the taste buds also develop, and they might start to enjoy foods like cabbage. Until that happens, most young people prefer sweet taste instead. This preference for sweetness is actually normal — the prehistoric people felt the same way. They ate plenty of sweet fruit because it was easy to find and rich in energy. They also learned to be careful with bitter plants, which were often dangerous to eat. Still, tasting is not just the tongue’s (舌头的) job. The smell of vegetables tells the brains what is eaten. For example, although the onion tastes sweet, some young people still avoid it because of its strong smell. The only way for them to accept onions is to hold their noses while eating. The feel of food also sends messages to their brains. That’s why they dislike certain foods, like thick or creamy ones, no matter how good these foods taste. So, if you don’t like those vegetables on your plate, you can say there is science behind it. But your parents might tell you to hold your nose before serving you a big plate of vegetables! 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By showing a research. C．By describing a situation. D．By answering a question. 2．What does the underlined word “mature” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Grown. B．Aware. C．Comfortable. D．Covered. 3．What can you learn from paragraph 3? A．Bitter plants were hard to find. B．Vegetables were rich in energy. C．Ancient people lived a healthy life. D．Love for sweetness was passed down. 4．Which of the following can be put in “ ” in paragraph 4? A．Age really influences taste. B．It’s also about eating habits. C．Many senses work together. D．Remember to have fresh food. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Benefits of Eating More Fruits B．The Secret of Avoiding Vegetables C．The Reasons for Eating Sweet Food D．The Scientific Way to Study Taste Buds 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要从味蕾发育、人类远古天性、嗅觉与口感等方面，科学解释了年轻人不爱吃蔬菜的原因。 【详解】 1．第一段引出话题：以日常吃饭时父母劝多吃蔬菜、年轻人不想吃的生活情景切入，对应题目选项通过描述一种情景引入主题。 2．第二段解释原因：“their taste buds aren’t fully mature yet”，单词“mature”此处意为发育成熟、长大，对应选项Grown。 3．第三段补充渊源：“This preference for sweetness is actually normal — the prehistoric people felt the same way”，说明现代人偏爱甜味和远古人类一样，这种喜好是代代传承下来的，对应选项喜爱甜味的特点被传承下来。 4．第四段衔接填空：前文指出尝味道不只是舌头的作用，后文讲到嗅觉、口感也会向大脑传递信号，说明多种感官共同发挥作用，可填入Many senses work together。 5．全文概括主旨：文章全程讲解年轻人不爱吃蔬菜的各类科学原因，最佳标题为不吃蔬菜背后的秘密。 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Everyone wants to be healthy and live a long time. But how can we do it? Some years ago, a 90-year-old American writer 1 (give) some advice for a long and healthy life. First, believe in yourself. Second, keep your mind 2 (active) working. Third, be positive. Fourth, love people and enjoy 3 (help) others. The women of Okinawa, in Japan, are another great example. They are very fit and they don’t 4 (have) many diseases or heart problems. Their secret? They do some exercise every day. They don’t have much stress in their lives and, 5 general, they are positive and active. But of course, diet is important, too. The Okinawa women eat tofu, fish, green vegetables, carrots, fruit, spices and sweet 6 (potato) They eat some meat, but they don’t eat any fat from the meat. And they eat seaweed-this contains many different vitamins and minerals and is good for your heart. The Mediterranean diet is even 7 (healthy) than many other diets. It consists of vegetables, tomatoes, lemons, fish, beans, garlic, cheese, yoghurt, rice and pasta. The fat in this diet is ‘good fat’; it comes from not only olive oil 8 also fish. So, what do these two diets tell us? Don’t eat any bad fats, like fats in sweets, fried food and meat. Eat healthy carbohydrates: vegetables, fruit, potatoes, rice. Don’t use much oil in cooking. If you use oil, use 9 good one like olive oil. And avoid deep-fried food! If you’re a little hungry, eat a packet of crisps! In conclusion, good health 10 (achieve) by eating well and living an active and stress-free life. 【答案】 1．gave 2．actively 3．helping 4．have 5．in 6．potatoes 7．healthier 8．but 9．a 10．is achieved 【导语】本文围绕如何健康长寿展开，介绍了长寿的生活建议、冲绳女性的健康秘诀、地中海饮食的优势，最终总结出健康的实现方式。 【详解】 1．句意：几年前，一位90岁的美国作家给出了一些关于健康长寿生活的建议。时间状语“Some years ago”表示过去的时间，故用一般过去时，故填gave。 2．句意：第二，保持你的思维活跃运转。固定结构“keep sth. doing”中，用副词actively修饰working故填actively。 3．句意：第四，关爱他人，享受帮助别人的过程。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢/享受做某事”，故用动名词helping。 4．句意：她们身体非常健康，不会患上很多疾病或心脏问题。助动词don’t后接动词原形，故填have。 5．句意：她们生活中没有太多压力，总的来说，她们积极乐观。固定短语in general表示“总的来说，通常”，故填in。 6．句意：冲绳的女性吃豆腐、鱼、绿叶蔬菜、胡萝卜、水果香料和甘薯。potato是可数名词，此处表泛指，用复数形式potatoes。 7．句意：地中海饮食甚至比许多其他饮食更健康。than是比较级的标志词，故用healthy的比较级healthier。 8．句意：这种饮食中的脂肪是"好脂肪"，它不仅来自橄榄油，还来自鱼类。固定结构not only...but also...表示“不仅……而且……”，故填but。 9．句意：如果你用油，就用像橄榄油这样的好油。one指代oil，此处表泛指“一种好油”，故填a。 10．句意：总之，良好的健康是通过健康饮食、积极生活和无压力的生活方式实现的。主语good health和achieve是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is achieved。 六、任务型阅读 阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。 The expired (过期的) meat news has seriously cut down the sales and name of western fast food in China. But Arthur Han, an office worker, says that now is the best time to eat at McDonald’s in China because they are paying more attention to food safety at the moment. Mr Han says he hardly ever eats at McDonald’s, whose image (形象) for cleanliness and quality was shaken last month by a television report. It showed McDonald’s and several other western fast-food companies of using a supplier (供应商) that sold expired meat. McDonald’s said this month something worst happened. Shanghai government closed down the factory of Shanghai Husi Food Co., which was the supplier of McDonald’s. It badly influenced the sales of McDonald’s. Yum said its brands KFC and Pizza Hut also saw sales drop at first, adding that if the falling continues, it could have a really bad effect. But experts say that, whatever the effect on western brands, it is difficult for local companies to do better in fast food production. “Food safety is not just something that affects McDonald’s and KFC, they are just the biggest problem for all the food companies,” says Torsten Stocker, an officer from a famous food company. “If it’s a problem they are facing, why would others be any different?” “Many diners (就餐者) seem to realize that western brands are not the only ones with a problem,” Wang Lan, a young office worker, eating lunch at a local fast-food, said this week. As for food safety, he said the best way was not to pay attention to it. 1．What does Arthur Han think of eating at McDonald’s in China now? 2．How often does Mr Han eat at McDonald’s? 3．What badly influenced the sales of McDonald’s? 4．Who said that local companies might not do better in fast food production? 5．What did Wang Lan think of fast food safety? 【答案】1．It’s the best time to eat at McDonald’s./It’s safe to eat at McDonald’s. 2．Hardly ever. 3．Closing down the factory of Shanghai Husi Food Co./Shanghai government closed down the factory of Shanghai Husi Food Co. 4．Experts. 5．Not safe enough./Food safety problem is common/usual/serious. 【导语】本文主要讲述了西式快餐在中国出现的食品安全问题，以及我国本土快餐面临的食品安全问题。 【详解】 1．根据“But Arthur Han, an office worker, says that now is the best time to eat at McDonald’s in China because they are paying more attention to food safety at the moment.”可知，由于此刻在中国的麦当劳更重视食品安全了，所以亚瑟认为现在吃麦当劳很安全，是吃麦当劳的最佳时机。故填It’s the best time to eat at McDonald’s./It’s safe to eat at McDonald’s. 2．根据“Mr Han says he hardly ever eats at McDonald’s”可知，韩先生几乎不吃麦当劳。故填Hardly ever. 3．根据“Shanghai government closed down the factory of Shanghai Husi Food Co., which was the supplier of McDonald’s. It badly influenced the sales of McDonald’s.”可知，上海政府关闭了上海胡斯食品有限公司的工厂，这个公司是麦当劳的供应商。这严重影响了麦当劳的销售。故填Closing down the factory of Shanghai Husi Food Co./Shanghai government closed down the factory of Shanghai Husi Food Co. 4．根据“But experts say that, whatever the effect on western brands, it is difficult for local companies to do better in fast food production.”可知，专家表示本土企业很难在快餐生产方面做得更好。故填Experts. 5．根据“Many diners seem to realize that western brands are not the only ones with a problem,”和“As for food safety, he said the best way was not to pay attention to it.”可知，他认为快餐的食品安全问题很普遍，吃快餐并不足够安全。故填Not safe enough./Food safety problem is common/usual/serious. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Food and health（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.掌握以 “Food and health” 为话题的核心词汇、短语的含义及固定搭配。 2.掌握重点短语和句型：宾语从句；it is +adj.+to do; mean doing/mean to do；preference 和prefer句型；would rather句型；treat相关短语；remind相关句型。 复习重难点 重点：辨析a bit / a bit of；too much / too many / much too；mean doing / mean to do；remind sb. of / about / to do / that从句； 难点： ①宾语从句三要素：引导词、陈述语序、时态呼应（客观真理时态特例、if 区分宾语从句&条件状语从句）； ②宾语从句的简化运用：宾语从句转不定式/疑问词+ to‑do结构；宾语从句否定转移现象； 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：I've decided to stay away from fried food and soft drinks.我决定远离油炸食品和软饮料 (教材P85) 【短语运用】： (1) stay away from 远离 (近义表达:keep away from) (2) fried food 油炸食品 (3) soft drinks 软饮料 【即时小练】 1.(完成句子)孩子们应该远离危险的河流。 Kids should ________ ________ ________ the dangerous river. 2.(完成句子)为了保持健康，你应该避免吃油炸食品。 To keep healthy, you should ________ ________ ________ ________. 3.（翻译）众所周知，油炸食品和软饮料对我们健康有害。 ______________________________________________________________________ 知识点2：I'm a bit overweight, so my mum took me to see a doctor. 我有点超重，所以妈妈带我去看了医生。(教材P85) The doctor said that I needed to lose a bit of weight by avoiding foods high in fat, oil and sugar.医生告诉我，我需要通过避免食用高脂肪、高油和高糖的食物来减轻一些体重。(教材P85) 【词汇】overweight超重的（合成词：over(超出)+weight（重量）=overweight） 【短语】lose weight 减肥 → （反义表达）put on weight 增肥 【辨析】a bit & a bit of 词组 词义 用法 例句 a bit 有点儿；稍微 = a little后接形容词/副词 It is a bit cold today.今天天气有点冷。 a bit of 一点儿；少量 = a little后接不可数名词 There is a bit of milk in the cup. 杯子里还有一点牛奶。 【即时小练】 1.(选词填空)：I feel ______ (a bit /a bit of) tired. I need ______ (a bit /a bit of) rest. 2.There is ______ rain left in the cup, and it makes the air ______ cool. A. a little; a bit B. a bit; a little of C. a little of; a bit D. a bit of; a bit of 3.（完成句子）如果你想要减肥，你应当保持均衡饮食。 If you want to ________ _______, you should ________ ________ ________ ________. 知识点3：He also stated that it's necessary for me to have a more balanced diet to keep healthy. 他还说,我要有均衡的饮食来保持身体健康。(教材P85) 【句型分析】宾语从句：state + that 从句 ①stated that… 是动词state后接that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略，多用于正式书面语境，表示 “陈述/指出……”。 ②核心句型：It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…… 的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to have a more balanced diet。to keep healthy：动词不定式作目的状语，表目的 “为了保持健康”。 【词汇和短语】 (1）state v. 陈述;指出 → statement n.说明, 声明,称述 例句：He stated that we should do more exercise. 他指出我们应该多锻炼。 (2）keep healthy（=keep fit /stay healthy） 保持健康 【即时小练】 1.（翻译）对我们来说，为了保持健康拥有均衡的饮食是很有必要的。 __________________________________________________________________________ 2.It’s important for us ______ enough sleep every night. A. get B. to get C. getting D. gets 3.（用所给词的正确形式填空）He made a ________ (state) that we should keep a balanced diet. 知识点4：A balanced diet means having different kinds of healthy food every day. 均衡饮食意味着每天摄入不同种类的健康食物。 (教材P85) 【短语】 (1)a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 Keeping a balanced diet is good for your health. 保持均衡的饮食对你的健康有益。 (2)辨析mean doing sth.&mean to do sth. ①mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.错过这班公交车意味着要再等一个小时。 ②mean to do sth. 打算/意欲做某事 I mean to finish my homework before dinner.我打算晚饭前完成作业。 【即时小练】用所给词的适当形式填空 ①I didn’t mean________ (make) you feel upset by my words. ②Changing your living habit means ________ (give) up some old hobbies. ③We need a more ________ (balance) diet to keep fit in our daily life. 知识点5：And, in general, you should include a certain amount of meat and dairy products in your daily food.此外，一般来说，您应在日常饮食中摄入一定量的肉类和乳制品。 (教材P85) 【短语】 (1) in general 一般来说;通常;大体上。多用于句首，作评注性状语，用来概括总体情况。 例句：In general, teenagers need enough sleep.一般来说，青少年需要充足的睡眠。 (2)a certain amount of+不可数名词 一定量的…… 例句：You need a certain amount of water every day.你每天需要一定量的水。 (3)dairy products 乳制品（易错提示：dairy adj.牛奶的，乳制的, diary n.日记） 例句：Dairy products are good for our bones.乳制品对我们的骨骼有益。 【即时小练】 1.(完成句子)一般来说，充足的能量能帮你度过忙碌的一天。 ________ ________, enough energy can help you ________ ________ a busy day. 2..(选词填空：dairy /diary) I keep a ________ every day and take some ________ products for breakfast. 3.(单选) You need ________ sleep to keep active during afternoon classes. A. a certain amount of B. a number of C. many D. a few 知识点6：Then I treated myself to some ice cream.然后我还吃了点冰淇淋犒劳自己。 (教材P85) 【短语】treat oneself to犒劳某人自己……… 例句：After finishing all the homework, I treated myself to a cup of coffee.完成所有作业后，我犒劳自己喝了一杯咖啡。 【拓展】treat的用法 词性 & 词义 常用搭配 例句 v. 款待；犒劳 treat oneself to sth. 犒劳自己某物 treat sb. to sth. 招待某人某物 He treated himself to a new book. 他买了一本新书犒劳自己。 v. 对待 treat sb. (well /badly)（好/坏地）对待某人 We should treat others politely. 我们应该礼貌对待他人。 v. 治疗 treat sb. for + 疾病 治疗某人某种病 The doctor treated him for a fever. 医生给他治疗发烧。 v. 把…… 看作 treat sb./sth. as sth. 把…… 当作…… We treat him as our best friend. 我们把他当作最好的朋友。 n. 乐事；款待 a great treat 一大乐事 It is a great treat to go hiking. 去远足是件很开心的事。 【即时小练】 1.(完成句子)完成工作后，你可以犒劳自己吃大量美味的水果。 After finishing the work, you can ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ delicious fruit. 2.(单选) My cousin treated me ______ a wonderful homemade meal last weekend. A. for B. to C. as D. with 3.(完成句子) 我们应当把小动物当作我们的伙伴。 We should ________ small animals ________ our partners. 知识点7：But you've had too much fried food and too many sugary drinks.但你吃了太多的油炸食品和含糖饮料。 (教材P85) 【词汇】sugary adj.含糖的，甜的→ sugar n. 糖 【辨析】too much&too many&much too 短语 含义 用法 例句 too much 太多 后接不可数名词；也可作副词短语修饰动词 Don’t eat too much fried food. 别吃太多油炸食品。Watching TV too much is bad for eyes. 看电视太多对眼睛不好。 too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 There are too many sugary drinks in the shop. 商店里有太多含糖饮料。 much too 太；非常 后接形容词 / 副词 The drink is much too sweet. 这饮料太甜了。 【即时小练】 1．My mother has ________ shoes, but they are ________ old. She doesn’t want to wear them anymore. A．too much; too many B．much too; too many C．too many; much too D．too many; too much 2. 选词填空（too much&too many&much too） ①If you spend ________ time staying up late, it will influence your daily study. ②________ high‑fat meals will make you put on weight easily. ③The dish is ________ oily, so I won’t order it again. 知识点8：Expressing preferences表达偏好(教材P91) 【词汇】preference n. 偏爱；偏好；喜好 →prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿 【短语】 ①have a preference for sth. 偏爱某物 She has a preference for healthy food.她偏爱健康的食物。 ②show a preference for… 表现出对…… 的偏爱 Many kids show a preference for sugary snacks.很多孩子偏爱含糖零食。 【拓展运用】prefer的用法 ①prefer sth. 更喜欢某物 I prefer fruit. 我更喜欢水果。 ②prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事（习惯性爱好） I prefer eating home‑cooked meals.我更喜欢吃家常菜。 ③prefer to do sth. 宁愿 / 更喜欢做某事（某次具体选择） I prefer to drink water rather than soft drinks.比起软饮料，我宁愿喝水。 ④prefer A to B 比起 B 更喜欢 A（A、B 可为名词 / 动名词 doing） I prefer vegetables to fried food.比起油炸食品，我更喜欢蔬菜。 She prefers walking to driving.比起开车，她更喜欢步行。 ⑤prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做 A 也不愿做 B He prefers to drink tea rather than drink cola.他宁愿喝茶也不喝可乐。 【即时小练】 1.I prefer ______ quiet reading ______ noisy parties in my free time. A. read; to B. reading; to C. to read; than D. reading; than 2.She prefers ______ by bike rather than ______ the crowded subway. A. to travel; take B. travel; take C. travelling; taking D. to travel; taking 3.(用所给词的正确形式填空）Most students have a ________ (prefer) for sports after school. 知识点9：I’d rather have some beef noodles for dinner.我宁愿晚餐吃些牛肉面。(教材P91) 【句型】 (1)would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事（否定式） I’d rather drink water. 我宁愿喝水。 I’d rather not eat fried food.我宁愿不吃油炸食品。 He would rather stay away from sugary drinks. 他宁愿远离含糖饮料。 (2)would rather do A than do B 宁愿做 A，也不愿做 B than 后面同样用动词原形 I’d rather have beef noodles than hamburgers.我宁愿吃牛肉面，也不吃汉堡。 【即时小练】 1.I’d rather ______ in the library than ______ shopping on weekends. A. read; go B. to read; to go C. reading; going D. read; to go 2.(翻译)我宁愿不吃那些高糖甜点。 ____________________________________________________________ 知识点10：The fish pie reminded me of my grandma.这道鱼派让我想起了我的祖母。(教材P92) 【短语】remind sb. of ... 使某人想起 （of 是介词，后面接名词 / 代词 / 动名词） 【拓展】remind 的用法小结 remind sb. of sth. → 使某人想起某事（回忆） remind sb. about sth. → 提醒别忘记某事，无回忆含义 remind sb. to do sth. → 提醒某人要去做某事（动作） remind sb. that 从句 → 提醒某人……（接句子） 【即时小练】 一、用 of /about/to /that 填空 ①This song reminds me ______ my old school life. ②Please remind me ______ tomorrow’s meeting. ③Remind him ______ do more sports. ④Mum reminds me ______ I must keep a balanced diet. 二、完成句子 1.这首歌让我想起了我的奶奶。 This song ________ ________ ________ my grandmother. 2. 请提醒他按时上交报告。 Please ________ ________ ________ hand in his report on time. 3. 老师提醒我们不要吃太多含糖零食。 The teacher ________ ________ ________ we shouldn’t eat too many sugary snacks. 单元语法：宾语从句 一、宾语从句的定义 宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，即一个句子作为另一个句子的宾语成分，用来表示动作的对象、内容或结果。如： 二、宾语从句的分类 它通常位于及物动词、介词或某些形容词之后，用来补充说明这些词所涉及的具体内容（如 “说什么”“想什么”“知道什么”“担心什么” 等）。 ①跟在及物动词后（动词 + 宾语从句） She knows that he is honest.（她知道他是诚实的。） ② 跟在介词后（介词 + 宾语从句） We are talking about whether we should go there.（我们在讨论是否应该去那里。） ③跟在某些形容词后（形容词 + 宾语从句） I am sure that he will come.（我确信他会来。） 三、宾语从句的引导词 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 例：He says (that) he likes playing football.他说他喜欢踢足球。 注意：在以下情况，宾语从句的that不能省略。 ①and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如： He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。 ②that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 2. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 注意：以下情况的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if： ①引导词与动词不定式连用时。 例：I can’t decide whether to stay or leave.我不能决定是留下还是离开。 ②当从句做介词的宾语时。 例：We are worried about whether we can finish the work on time.我们担心是否能按时完成工作。 ③宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 例：Whether he will come, I don’t know.他是否会来，我不知道。 ④ 与or连用表明确的二选一选择，或句中出现or not 时，只能用whether，不能用if。 例：I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. 我不知道他是错的还是她错了。 She asked me whether or not I wanted to go.她问我要不要去。 3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 例：I don’t know who he is.我不知道他是谁。 I want to know whom you are waiting for.我想知道你在等谁。 Could you tell me whose pen this is?你能告诉我这是谁的笔吗？ I don’t know what he wants.我不知道他想要什么。 Please tell me which answer is right.请告诉我哪个答案是对的。 Do you know when the meeting will start?你知道会议什么时候开始吗？ Can you tell me where he lives?你能告诉我他住在哪里吗？ I don’t know why he was late.我不知道他为什么迟到。 Please tell me how I can get there.请告诉我怎样才能到那里。 四、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 例：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. 2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。 例：Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard. Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday. 注意：当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 例：What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her. What’s the matter? 怎么了？→ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him? 他怎么了？→ We want to know what has happened to him. 五、宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 例：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要动身去纽约。 Please tell us where he is.请告诉我们他在哪里。 Can/Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？ 2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 例：He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将要参加跳高比赛。 He asked what time it was.他问现在几点了。 He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.他告诉我他正在为运动会做准备。 He asked if you had written to Peter.他问你是否给彼得写过信。 He said that he would go back to the US soon.他说他很快就要回美国了。 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 例：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.我们老师说一月是一年中的第一个月。 Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.科学家已经证明地球绕着太阳转。 He told me that the earth is round.他告诉我地球是圆的。 六、宾语从句的注意事项 1) 宾语从句的否定转移 当陈述句是 “I think（认为）/believe（相信）/ … + 宾语从句” 时，若宾语从句表示否定含义，习惯上要将否定前移到主句的谓语动词 think /believe/ … 前，即 “I don’t think /believe/ … + 宾语从句”。 例：I think it is a good way to lose weight. → I don’t think it is a good way to lose weight. (2) 宾语从句的简化 ① 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 hope、decide、agree 等时，从句可以简化为不定式结构。 例：I decide that I will go to the park.= I decide to go to the park.我决定去公园。 ② 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，主句的谓语动词是 know、remember、forget、learn 等，且宾语从句由 what、who、which、when、where 等引导时，可以把从句简化为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。 例：I don't know what I should do next.= I don't know what to do next.我不知道下一步该做什么。 ③ 当主句的谓语动词是 ask、tell、show、teach 等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可以简化为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。 例：The teacher told us how we should solve the problem.= The teacher told us how to solve the problem. 老师告诉我们如何解决这个问题。 【即时小练】 1.（2026·广州真题）Mike also told his friends about he planned to do, and everyone wanted to help. A．what B．how C．whether D．where 2.(2025·广州·真题)Now, more than ever, I understand I love the sea—it is full of unknown danger, yet beautiful. A．whether B．when C．what D．why 3.(2024·广州·真题)They were so surprised at they saw. A．what B．that C．how D．which 4.(2023·广州·真题)He decided he would get stronger. He would do exercises and flap (拍动) his wings every day. A．what B．why C．when D．that 5.—Peter, do you know ________ the art festival last week! —Sure! In the community center. A．where will the students hold B．where the students will hold C．where did the students hold D．where the students held 6.—Could you tell me ________ in China? —It started in Xi’an. It went through Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. A．when did the Silk Road start B．when the Silk Road started C．where did the Silk Road start D．where the Silk Road started 7.They want to know ______ they will have the meeting tomorrow. A．whether B．what C．that D．which 8.My father always says ______ my mom is the best cook in the world. A．if B．whether C．that D．how 9.There are so many beautiful scarves, I don’t know _________ . A．how to buy B．what to buy C．to choose which one D．which one to buy 10.—I don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. —If he ________ tomorrow, I will ask him for a dinner. A．will come; comes B．comes; will come C．comes; comes D．will come; will come 二、完成句子 1.Light travels faster than sound. His mum told him. (改为带有宾语从句的复合句) His mum told him ________ light ________ faster than sound. 2.我确信努力能够改变我们的生活。 I ________ ________ ________ hard work can change our lives. 3.我想知道他是否能准时到校。 I wonder ________ ________ ________ ________ school on time. 4．他们想知道怎么能去那里。 They wonder ________ ________ ________ there. They wonder ________ ________ ________ ________ there. 5.汤姆不知道火车将会什么时候到达。 Tom didn’t know ________ ________ ________ ________ arrive. 6.“Are the classmates playing in the playground?” Mary asked me. （改为宾语从句） Mary asked me ________ the classmates ________ ________ in the playground. （时间：40分钟） 一、选词填空 A.阅读下面短文，在方框中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空。 boil, biscuit, sugary, overweight, menu, preference, welcoming, tend, sweat, soil Our eating habits are very important for our health. Many students today are 1 because they eat too much fast food. They like 2 drinks and sweet food. When they are hungry, they eat a packet of 3 and drink a bottle of cola. This is not healthy at all. In our school dining hall, the 4 is a good one. There is a lot of fresh food on it. My 5 is to have rice, vegetables and some soup. I like to 6 an egg for breakfast, and I always have some fruit after lunch. My grandmother likes to 7 her small garden. She grows vegetables in the rich 8 . She often says that food comes from the earth, and we should thank the farmers who work hard and 9 in the fields. The cooks in our school are very 10 to us. They always ask us what we would like to eat. Eating well and doing exercise every day can keep us healthy. B.从方框中选择合适的短语补全句子。 would rather,  energy drink,  treat oneself to,   cause health problems,  depend on,   in general,  stay away from,  a bit of,  tend to,  be prepared to 1． , water is the healthiest drink for teenagers. 2．Too much caffeine in an may be bad for young people. 3. After finishing the hard work, you can a nice meal. 4．Too much sugar in drinks can . 5．Whether the juice is good or not will its ingredients. 6．We should drinks with lots of added sugar. 7．You can put honey into your water if you want a little sweet taste. 8．Many teenagers pick sweet drinks when they feel tired. 9．I drink pure water than sweet soda. 10．If you want to keep healthy, you need to change your drinking habits. 二、单项选择 1．As teenagers, we should ________ bad online information to protect ourselves. A．stay away from B．get away from C．keep in touch with D．stay up late 2．The little boy ________ the door and found a small garden behind it. A．got through B．went through C．got off D．got up 3．Could you tell me ________ we can improve our memory in a short time? A．what B．how C．who D．which 4.The report ________ that more teenagers spend less time doing sports these days. A．states B．speaks C．talks D．tells 5.If you eat ________ sweet food, you’ll have ________ health problems in the future. A．too much; too many B．too many; too much C．much too; too many D．too many; much too 6. Many teenagers show a ______ for online games instead of outdoor sports. A. prefer B. preference C. preferred D. preferring 7．Mrs. Green asked me ________ I would go with her. A．what B．which C．why D．that 8.—Elsa, could you tell me ________? —Well. You’d better take the high-speed train. You can save both time and energy. A．what I could do in Beijing B．when can visit I Beijing C．how could I visit Beijing D．how I can get to Beijing 9.I never doubt ________ David is willing to help those homeless people. A．whether B．that C．when D．how 10. The smell of the wet grass reminds me ______ my summer holiday in the village. A. to B. of C. about D. for 三、完形填空 Ms. Chen’s class was full of excitement. “I have a (n) 1 task for you: try something different,” she said. “Bring a food that shows your family’s culture or history next Monday. Each of you will share your 2 and the story behind it.” The students were excited about what they would bring. Everyone had an idea except Liz. That night at dinner, Liz 3 her food without eating. “What’s wrong?” her dad asked. Liz sighed (叹气). “We have to bring a food that shows our family’s culture or history, but I don’t know what to bring.” Her mom laughed. “That’s easy! You can bring wonton soup. Your grandma 4 me how to make it when I was your age. It has been in our Chinese family for generations (几代).” Her dad smiled. “You could bring enchiladas! It has been in our Mexican family for 5 . Everyone in our family loves it. It is 6 at our table.” Liz looked at her mom, then at her dad. “Which can I 7 ?” Liz thought. On Sunday afternoon, Liz was sitting in the yard. Suddenly, she sat up straight. Why do I have to choose? She ran inside. “Mom! Dad! I have a great 8 ! What if we made a dish that mixes Mexican and Chinese food?” Her parents’ eyes lit up. “That’s wonderful! Let’s get cooking!” They spent the rest of Sunday in the kitchen. Finally, they 9 a crispy wonton wrapper (馄饨皮) filled with beef, beans, and cheese—a new dish they called “burri-ton”. The next day, Liz introduced her “burri-tons” to the class. “They’re a mix of Mexican and Chinese food—just like my family. So we made a dish that brings both our cultures.” Ms. Chen smiled. “Liz, that’s amazing. This dish truly shows who you are.” When Liz watched her classmates enjoying eating her “burri-tons”, she felt so 10 in her heart. It wasn’t one culture or the other—it was both, together. And it was delicious. 1．A．special B．daily C．easy D．old 2．A．book B．video C．dish D．picture 3．A．stared at B．pointed at C．waited for D．asked for 4．A．taught B．called C．asked D．wanted 5．A．hours B．days C．months D．years 6．A．simple B．popular C．fresh D．healthy 7．A．eat B．buy C．choose D．solve 8．A．question B．dream C．time D．idea 9．A．bought B．created C．copied D．ordered 10．A．sorry B．excited C．worried D．surprised 四、阅读理解 Have you ever come across such a situation? At the dinner table, your parents keep telling you to eat more vegetables, but you really want to refuse. Why do many young people dislike eating vegetables even though they have many benefits? Scientists say young people’s taste buds (味蕾) are not ready for the bitter (苦的) taste of some vegetables because their taste buds aren’t fully mature yet. As they grow older, the taste buds also develop, and they might start to enjoy foods like cabbage. Until that happens, most young people prefer sweet taste instead. This preference for sweetness is actually normal — the prehistoric people felt the same way. They ate plenty of sweet fruit because it was easy to find and rich in energy. They also learned to be careful with bitter plants, which were often dangerous to eat. Still, tasting is not just the tongue’s (舌头的) job. The smell of vegetables tells the brains what is eaten. For example, although the onion tastes sweet, some young people still avoid it because of its strong smell. The only way for them to accept onions is to hold their noses while eating. The feel of food also sends messages to their brains. That’s why they dislike certain foods, like thick or creamy ones, no matter how good these foods taste. So, if you don’t like those vegetables on your plate, you can say there is science behind it. But your parents might tell you to hold your nose before serving you a big plate of vegetables! 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By showing a research. C．By describing a situation. D．By answering a question. 2．What does the underlined word “mature” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Grown. B．Aware. C．Comfortable. D．Covered. 3．What can you learn from paragraph 3? A．Bitter plants were hard to find. B．Vegetables were rich in energy. C．Ancient people lived a healthy life. D．Love for sweetness was passed down. 4．Which of the following can be put in “ ” in paragraph 4? A．Age really influences taste. B．It’s also about eating habits. C．Many senses work together. D．Remember to have fresh food. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Benefits of Eating More Fruits B．The Secret of Avoiding Vegetables C．The Reasons for Eating Sweet Food D．The Scientific Way to Study Taste Buds 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Everyone wants to be healthy and live a long time. But how can we do it? Some years ago, a 90-year-old American writer 1 (give) some advice for a long and healthy life. First, believe in yourself. Second, keep your mind 2 (active) working. Third, be positive. Fourth, love people and enjoy 3 (help) others. The women of Okinawa, in Japan, are another great example. They are very fit and they don’t 4 (have) many diseases or heart problems. Their secret? They do some exercise every day. They don’t have much stress in their lives and, 5 general, they are positive and active. But of course, diet is important, too. The Okinawa women eat tofu, fish, green vegetables, carrots, fruit, spices and sweet 6 (potato) They eat some meat, but they don’t eat any fat from the meat. And they eat seaweed-this contains many different vitamins and minerals and is good for your heart. The Mediterranean diet is even 7 (healthy) than many other diets. It consists of vegetables, tomatoes, lemons, fish, beans, garlic, cheese, yoghurt, rice and pasta. The fat in this diet is ‘good fat’; it comes from not only olive oil 8 also fish. So, what do these two diets tell us? Don’t eat any bad fats, like fats in sweets, fried food and meat. Eat healthy carbohydrates: vegetables, fruit, potatoes, rice. Don’t use much oil in cooking. If you use oil, use 9 good one like olive oil. And avoid deep-fried food! If you’re a little hungry, eat a packet of crisps! In conclusion, good health 10 (achieve) by eating well and living an active and stress-free life. 六、任务型阅读 阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。 The expired (过期的) meat news has seriously cut down the sales and name of western fast food in China. But Arthur Han, an office worker, says that now is the best time to eat at McDonald’s in China because they are paying more attention to food safety at the moment. Mr Han says he hardly ever eats at McDonald’s, whose image (形象) for cleanliness and quality was shaken last month by a television report. It showed McDonald’s and several other western fast-food companies of using a supplier (供应商) that sold expired meat. McDonald’s said this month something worst happened. Shanghai government closed down the factory of Shanghai Husi Food Co., which was the supplier of McDonald’s. It badly influenced the sales of McDonald’s. Yum said its brands KFC and Pizza Hut also saw sales drop at first, adding that if the falling continues, it could have a really bad effect. But experts say that, whatever the effect on western brands, it is difficult for local companies to do better in fast food production. “Food safety is not just something that affects McDonald’s and KFC, they are just the biggest problem for all the food companies,” says Torsten Stocker, an officer from a famous food company. “If it’s a problem they are facing, why would others be any different?” “Many diners (就餐者) seem to realize that western brands are not the only ones with a problem,” Wang Lan, a young office worker, eating lunch at a local fast-food, said this week. As for food safety, he said the best way was not to pay attention to it. 1．What does Arthur Han think of eating at McDonald’s in China now? 2．How often does Mr Han eat at McDonald’s? 3．What badly influenced the sales of McDonald’s? 4．Who said that local companies might not do better in fast food production? 5．What did Wang Lan think of fast food safety? 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $