Unit 6 Food and health 词汇+短语+语法2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

| 6 | Unit 6 + Lesson 6 Food and health 本讲目标 掌握 Unit 6 全部词汇、短语及核心词的派生、搭配与辨析。 认识宾语从句的作用和结构，掌握连接词、陈述语序与基本时态。 运用“五步检查法”解决中考单句和语篇中的宾语从句问题。 序号 单词 词性 含义 拓展 1 boil v. 用沸水煮（或烫洗） boiling adj.; boiled adj.; boil water 2 biscuit n. 饼干 a packet of biscuits 3 score n./v. 分数；得分 score a goal; get a high score 4 tofu n. 豆腐 a piece of tofu 5 stuff n. 东西 不可数名词；some useful stuff 6 overweight adj. 超重的 weight n.; weigh v. 7 sugary adj. 含糖的 sugar n.; sugary drinks 8 menu n. 菜单 read/order from the menu 9 cucumber n. 黄瓜 cucumber salad 10 carrot n. 胡萝卜 carrot juice 11 cabbage n. 甘蓝；卷心菜 Chinese cabbage 12 preference n. 偏爱；爱好 prefer v.; have a preference for 13 waiter n. 服务员 waitress n.; serve v.; service n. 14 sweat n./v. 汗水；出汗 sweaty adj.; break into a sweat 15 soil n. 土壤 rich/poor soil 16 welcoming adj. 令人感到惬意的 welcome v./n./adj. 17 gentle adj. 温和的 gently adv.; be gentle with 18 whisper v./n. 低语；私语 whisper to sb.; in a whisper 19 tend v. 照料；照管；往往会 tend to do; tend/care for sb. 1. boil Boil the vegetables for only a few minutes to keep them fresh. 词义：用沸水煮（或烫洗） 派生与词形：__________（答案：boiling） (adj.) 沸腾的；__________ （boiled） adj. 煮熟的 常用搭配：boil __________（答案：water）；boil eggs/vegetables 词汇辨析：boiling 强调正在沸腾；boiled 强调已经煮过；hot 只表示__________(温度高)。 Words practice 1. Please __________ the water before drinking it. 1. boil 2. Add the carrots to the __________ water. 2. boiling 3. I had a __________ egg for breakfast. 3. boiled 2. score Our class scored highly in the healthy-menu competition. 词义：分数；得分 常用搭配：get a high __________（答案：score）；score a goal __________ (进球，得分) 词性提示：score 既可作名词，也可作__________（答案：动词） 词汇辨析：score 作名词指比赛或考试分数；mark 常指某道题或作业所得分；point 指具体积分。 Words practice 1. She got the highest __________ in the test. 1. score 2. Our team __________ twice in the second half. 2. scored 3. The answer is worth five __________. 3. points 3. preference Teenagers often have a preference for sweet or fried food. 词义：偏爱；爱好 派生与词形：__________（答案：prefer） (v.) 更喜欢；preferred adj. preference n. 喜欢、偏好 常用搭配：have a preference __________（答案：for）；prefer A to B 更喜欢A而不是B 词汇辨析：prefer A to B；prefer doing A to doing B；would rather do A than do B。 Words practice 1. I have a strong __________ for fresh fruit. 1. preference 2. She __________ tofu to fried food. 2. prefers 3. He prefers walking to __________ the bus. 3. taking 4. waiter The waiter gently explained which dishes were low in sugar. 词义：服务员 派生与词形：wait v.; __________（答案：waitress） (n.) 女服务员 相关词：serve v.; __________（答案：service） (n.) 服务 词汇辨析：waiter 指男服务员或泛指服务员；customer 顾客；cook 厨师；server 也可指服务人员。 Words practice 1. The __________ brought us the menu. 1. waiter 2. The restaurant provides excellent __________. 2. service 3. Dinner is __________ from six. 3. served 5. sweat After running outdoors, sweat covered his forehead. 词义：汗水；出汗 派生与词形：__________（答案：sweaty） (adj.) 满是汗的 常用搭配：break into a __________（答案：sweat）；sweat heavily 词汇辨析：sweat 可作不可数名词或动词；perspire 较正式；sweaty 描述人或衣物满是汗。 Words practice 1. He began to __________ in the hot kitchen. 1. sweat 2. Her T-shirt was __________ after exercise. 2. sweaty 3. He broke into a cold __________. 3. sweat 6. gentle Use a gentle voice when you remind others about healthy choices. 词义：温和的 派生与词形：__________（答案：gently） (adv.) 温和地 常用搭配：be gentle __________（答案：with） sb./sth. 词汇辨析：gentle 强调态度或动作温和；soft 常指声音、质地柔软；mild 可指天气、味道温和。 Words practice 1. Be __________ with the young child. 1. gentle 2. The nurse spoke __________. 2. gently 3. This cheese has a __________ taste. 3. mild 7. whisper The girl whispered to her friend that the soup was too salty. 词义：低语；私语 常用搭配：whisper __________（答案：to） sb.; whisper that... 名词搭配：in a __________（答案：whisper） 词汇辨析：whisper 强调压低声音；say 指说出内容；speak 强调说话行为或语言能力；tell 后常接人。 Words practice 1. She __________ that the waiter was coming. 1. whispered 2. He answered in a __________. 2. whisper 3. Please __________ me the truth. 3. tell 8. tend People tend to eat more when they are stressed. 词义：照料；照管；往往会 常用结构：tend __________（答案：to do） sth. 往往会做某事 近义搭配：tend/care __________（答案：for） sb. 照料某人 词汇辨析：tend to do 表示一般倾向；intend to do 表示打算；look after/care for 表示照顾。 Words practice 1. Children __________ to copy adults’ eating habits. 1. tend 2. She stayed home to __________ her sick mother. 2. tend 3. I __________ to cook dinner tonight. 3. intend 单词综合练习 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Please __________ (boil) the cabbage for three minutes. 1. boil 2. We bought two packets of __________ (biscuit). 2. biscuits 3. Our team __________ (score) the winning goal yesterday. 3. scored 4. This soup contains fresh __________ (tofu). 4. tofu 5. Put your sports __________ (stuff) in the cupboard. 5. stuff 6. Regular exercise helps prevent people becoming __________ (overweight). 6. overweight 7. Too many __________ (sugar) drinks are bad for teeth. 7. sugary 8. The __________ (menu) include several healthy choices. 8. menus 9. Add the sliced __________ (cucumber) to the salad. 9. cucumber 10. These __________ (carrot) are rich in vitamins. 10. carrots 11. The farmer grows __________ (cabbage) in this field. 11. cabbages 12. Everyone has different food __________ (prefer). 12. preferences 13. The __________ (wait) brought us warm water. 13. waiter 14. His shirt was wet with __________ (sweat). 14. sweat 15. Plants grow well in rich __________ (soil). 15. soil 16. The small restaurant felt warm and __________ (welcome). 16. welcoming 17. Speak __________ (gentle) to the nervous child. 17. gently 18. She __________ (whisper) the answer to me. 18. whispered 19. Teenagers __________ (tend) to sleep late at weekends. 19. tend 序号 短语 含义 拓展 1 fizzy drink 起泡饮料 同义：soft drink 2 fried food 油炸食品 fry v.; fried adj. 3 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 balance n./v.; keep a balanced diet 4 in general 通常；大体上 generally speaking 5 dairy product 乳制品 milk, cheese and yoghurt 6 get through 度过；通过 get through a difficult time/exam 7 would rather 宁愿；更喜欢 would rather do A than do B 8 remind somebody of... 使某人想起…… remind sb. to do; remind sb. that... 1. a balanced diet 含义：均衡的饮食 A balanced diet provides different nutrients in suitable amounts. 结构与搭配：a __________（答案：balanced diet）；keep/follow a balanced diet 保持平衡饮食 易错辨析：balanced 强调各类食物搭配合理； healthy 强调总体上“__________（答案：有益健康）”。 2. in general 含义：通常；大体上 In general, fresh food contains less sugar than processed food. 结构与搭配：近义表达：__________（答案：generally speaking） 易错辨析：in general 表示总体概括；in particular 表示“__________（答案：尤其；特别）”。 3. get through 含义：度过；通过 Good habits helped him get through a difficult period. 结构与搭配：get through + __________（答案：时期/考试/工作量） 易错辨析：get through 可表示度过、通过、完成或接通电话，含义由__________（答案：语境）决定。 4. would rather 含义：宁愿；更喜欢 I would rather drink water than have a fizzy drink. 结构与搭配：would rather __________（答案：do） A than do B 易错辨析：would rather 后接__________（答案：动词原形），不能接 to do。 5. remind somebody of 含义：使某人想起…… The smell of cabbage soup reminds me of my grandmother. 结构与搭配：remind sb. __________（答案：of） + 名词/代词 易错辨析：remind sb. of 使想起；remind sb. __________（答案：to do） 提醒某人做某事。 短语综合练习 短语库：a balanced diet；in general；get through；would rather；remind somebody of（必要时改变形式） 1. __________, teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep. In general 2. This photo __________ me __________ our school garden. reminds; of 3. She __________ cook at home than order fried food. would rather 4. Family support helped him __________ the difficult weeks. get through 5. Fruit, vegetables and protein are all parts of __________. a balanced diet 考点 1：作用与结构 例句观察 学生归纳 结构 I think that a balanced diet is important. 完整句子在主句中作谓语 think 的__________（答案：宾语）。 主句 + 连接词 + 宾语从句 The waiter asked whether we wanted water. 先找主句谓语 asked，再划定其后的__________（答案：从句范围）。 asked + whether 从句 考点 2：三类连接词 原始信息 连接词 学生归纳 陈述句：The soup is healthy. that that 在从句中不作成分，常可__________（答案：省略）。 一般疑问句：Is it sugary? if / whether 表示“__________（答案：是否）”，从句仍用陈述语序。 特殊疑问句：What did he order? what / when / where / why / how... 疑问词本身有含义，并在从句中作__________（答案：成分）。 考点 3：陈述语序 直接疑问句 宾语从句 规则归纳 Where is the menu? Could you tell me where the menu is? 从句内部用“__________（答案：主语 + 谓语）”的陈述语序。 Does he prefer tofu? I wonder whether he prefers tofu. 一般疑问句转化后去掉助动词提前，并根据主语调整__________（答案：谓语形式）。 考点 4：时态关系 主句情况 从句时态 例句 主句为现在时 从句根据__________（答案：实际时间）选择所需时态。 I know that he eats less sugar now. 主句为过去时 从句通常用相应的__________（答案：过去时态）。 She said that she had ordered tofu. 客观事实/规律 不受主句过去时限制，仍用__________（答案：一般现在时）。 The teacher said that water boils at 100°C. 考点 5：五步检查法 1. 找：找到主句__________（答案：谓语）和从句范围。 2. 判：判断原始信息是陈述、一般疑问还是__________（答案：特殊疑问）。 3. 选：选择合适的__________（答案：连接词）。 4. 排：把从句调整为__________（答案：陈述语序）。 5. 定：根据主句时态、实际时间和信息性质确定__________（答案：时态）。 即时训练 一、单项选择 1. I believe __________ a balanced diet can improve our health. A. what B. that C. whether D. where 1. B 解析：陈述信息用 that 引导。 2. Could you tell me __________ the waiter put the menu? A. where did B. where does C. where D. where was 2. C 解析：where 引导宾语从句，后接陈述语序；完整句应为 where the waiter put the menu。 3. I wonder __________ he would rather have tofu or cabbage. A. that B. whether C. what D. why 3. B 解析：含 or 的选择疑问信息常用 whether。 4. She asked me what I __________ for breakfast. A. eat B. ate C. will eat D. am eating 4. B 解析：主句 asked 为过去时，且早餐已发生，从句用一般过去时。 5. Our teacher told us that too much sugar __________ bad for our teeth. A. is B. was C. were D. be 5. A 解析：客观事实不受主句过去时影响，用一般现在时。 6.— Could you tell me ______? — Sure. He lives on Center Street. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he lived D. where did he live 6. B 7.I don’t know ______ the meeting will start. A. when B. what C. that D. which 7. A 8.She asked me ______ I had finished my homework. A. what B. whether C. that D. which 8. B 9.The teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun. A. went B. goes C. will go D. has gone 9. B 10.— Do you know ______? — Yes, he is a doctor. A. who is he B. what he is C. what does he do D. how is he 10. B 二、用适当的连接词填空 1. I wonder ____________ you can help me with my English. 2. She didn’t tell me ____________ she would come back. 3. Do you know ____________ book this is? 4. He asked me ____________ I had ever been to Beijing. 5. I believe ____________ he is telling the truth. 【答案】1. if / whether 2. when 3. whose 4. if / whether 5. that 三、将下列句子改为宾语从句 1. Where does he work? → Do you know __________________? 2. Will it rain tomorrow? → I’m not sure __________________. 3. What time did the train leave? → Could you tell me __________________? 4. How can I get to the station? → Can you tell me __________________? 5. Is she coming to the party? → I don’t know __________________. 【答案】 1. where he works 2. whether / if it will rain tomorrow 3. what time the train left 4. how I can get to the station 5. whether / if she is coming to the party 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The soup is still __________. (boil) 1. boiling 2. Different students have different food __________. (prefer) 2. preferences 3. The nurse spoke __________ to the child. (gentle) 3. gently 4. The boy was __________ after running. (sweat) 4. sweaty 5. People __________ to eat more when stressed. (tend) 5. tend 6. The restaurant gave us excellent __________. (serve) 6. service 二、宾语从句改错练习 1. I don’t know where does he live. ____________________. 2. She asked me that if I liked music. ____________________. 3. Can you tell me when will the film begin? ____________________. 4. He said that he is busy yesterday. ____________________. 5. I wonder what time is it now. ____________________. 【答案】 1. where does he live → where he lives 2. that if → if / whether（去掉 that） 3. when will the film begin → when the film will begin 4. is → was 5. what time is it now → what time it is now 一、词汇拼写与词形变化 1. The water is __________ (boil), so turn off the heat. 1. boiling 2. Her food __________ (prefer) changed after the health course. 2. preferences 3. The __________ (wait) patiently explained the menu. 3. waiter 4. The coach spoke __________ (gentle) to the tired player. 4. gently 5. His face was covered with __________ (sweat). 5. sweat 6. Children __________ (tend) to enjoy colourful food. 6. tend 7. The room felt warm and __________ (welcome). 7. welcoming 8. Our team __________ (score) 92 points in the competition. 8. scored 二、单项选择 1. I wonder __________ the soup is too salty. A. that B. if C. what D. where 1. B 解析：一般疑问信息用 if/whether。 2. Could you tell me what __________ on today’s menu? A. is B. are C. was it D. it is 2. A 解析：what 在从句中作主语时，what is... 本身就是陈述语序。 3. The doctor said that vegetables __________ important for health. A. were B. are C. was D. be 3. B 解析：客观事实用一般现在时。 4. I do not know why he __________ fried food yesterday. A. chooses B. chose C. has chosen D. will choose 4. B 解析：yesterday 决定一般过去时。 5. She asked whether I __________ water or a fizzy drink. A. prefer B. preferred C. will prefer D. am preferring 5. B 解析：主句过去时，从句描述当时偏好，用一般过去时。 6. I would rather __________ tofu than fried chicken. A. choose B. to choose C. choosing D. chose 6. A 解析：would rather 后接动词原形。 7. This smell reminds me __________ my grandmother’s kitchen. A. with B. of C. to D. for 7. B 解析：remind sb. of sth.。 8. Family support helped her get __________ a difficult time. A. over B. across C. through D. away 8. C 解析：get through 表示度过困难时期。 9. In __________, eating slowly helps us notice when we are full. A. total B. fact C. general D. time 9. C 解析：in general 为固定短语。 10. A __________ diet should include food from different groups. A. balancing B. balanced C. balance D. balances 10. B 解析：balanced 作形容词修饰 diet。 三、短语填空 短语库：fizzy drink；fried food；a balanced diet；in general；dairy product；get through；would rather；remind somebody of 1. Milk and yoghurt are common __________. dairy products 2. I __________ drink water than have a sugary drink. would rather 3. __________, fresh food is a better choice than highly processed food. In general 4. The smell of soup __________ me __________ home. reminds; of 5. Good habits helped him __________ the busy exam month. get through 6. Chips and fried chicken are types of __________. fried food 7. Vegetables, grains and protein belong in __________. a balanced diet 8. A __________ often contains a large amount of sugar. fizzy drink 四、完形填空（10空） When our school announced a healthy-lunch challenge, many students thought the task would be simple. Each group had to design a balanced meal, explain its nutrition and serve it to teachers. My group wanted food that was healthy, affordable and attractive enough for teenagers. The meal also needed to suit students with very different tastes. We first conducted a survey to learn about students’ food 1__________. The results showed that most students liked fried food and sugary drinks, while few chose cabbage or tofu. Instead of ignoring these opinions, we asked 2__________ healthy food could be made more appealing. Our science teacher reminded us 3__________ colour, smell and texture influence appetite. We created a menu with boiled carrots, cucumber salad, tofu and fruit yoghurt. The first test did not go well. The tofu tasted plain, and one sauce contained 4__________ much sugar. Although we felt disappointed, our teacher spoke 5__________ and encouraged us to try again. We added herbs, reduced sugar and served smaller portions. A waiter from a nearby restaurant also showed us 6__________ to arrange food neatly. On challenge day, our hands were covered in sweat, but the meal received a high 7__________. Several students said that the dishes reminded them 8__________ food cooked at home. We learned that healthy eating is not about giving up everything we enjoy. It is about understanding 9__________ our bodies need and making better choices in general. Since then, I have tended 10__________ the menu before ordering. 1. A. scores 1. B. preferences 1. C. soils 1. D. whispers 2. A. how 2. B. what 2. C. whether 2. D. where 3. A. what 3. B. if 3. C. that 3. D. whether 4. A. too 4. B. so 4. C. very 4. D. such 5. A. gentle 5. B. gently 5. C. gentleness 5. D. gentler 6. A. what 6. B. why 6. C. how 6. D. whether 7. A. menu 7. B. score 7. C. stuff 7. D. soil 8. A. for 8. B. with 8. C. of 8. D. to 9. A. when 9. B. whose 9. C. which 9. D. what 10. A. check 10. B. checking 10. C. to check 10. D. checked 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C 解析：1. food preferences“食物偏好”；2. 询问方式用 how；3. remind sb. that...；4. too much 修饰不可数名词 sugar；5. 修饰 spoke 用副词 gently；6. how to arrange；7. receive a high score；8. remind sb. of；9. what 作 need 的宾语；10. tend to do。 五、阅读理解 A school in Bristol recently changed the way students choose lunch. Instead of showing only dish names, its menu now gives simple information about ingredients, sugar and fibre. The change began after teachers noticed that many students chose food by appearance alone. They rarely asked what a meal contained or how it had been prepared. Before designing the new menu, the school asked students what they wanted to know. Some cared about allergies, while others wanted to compare sugar levels. The cooks then worked with a health teacher. They did not label food as “good” or “bad”. Instead, they explained what each dish contained and how it could fit into a balanced diet. At first, staff worried that the extra information would slow the lunch line. However, students quickly learned to scan the symbols. After two months, sales of water, vegetables and yoghurt increased. Fried food was still available once a week, but fewer students chose the largest portion. The most surprising result was not a particular food choice. Students began asking questions. They wanted to know why whole grains kept them full longer and whether a fizzy drink could be part of a healthy diet. The school says the aim is not to control every meal. It wants students to understand choices and make decisions for themselves. The project suggests that clear information, presented without blame, can be more powerful than strict rules. Some students even began discussing the menu with their families at home. 1. Why did the school change its menu? A. Students disliked all school food. B. Students often chose food only by appearance. C. Teachers wanted a shorter lunch line. D. The school stopped selling fried food. 1. B 解析：第一段末句直接说明学生常只看外观选择食物。 2. What does “scan” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Read quickly for key information. B. Copy every word carefully. C. Remove something from view. D. Ask someone to explain. 2. A 解析：学生很快学会查看符号，语境指快速获取关键信息。 3. What changed after two months? A. All students stopped eating fried food. B. The lunch line became much longer. C. More students chose water, vegetables and yoghurt. D. The school removed portion choices. 3. C 解析：第三段明确列出这些食品销量增加。 4. What can we infer about the school’s approach? A. It uses punishment to change habits. B. It trusts students to make informed choices. C. It believes one diet suits everyone. D. It avoids answering students’ questions. 4. B 解析：末段强调提供信息、让学生自己决定，而非控制。 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To advertise a restaurant menu. B. To explain how clear food information changed choices. C. To teach readers how to cook school lunch. D. To compare food prices in different schools. 5. B 解析：全文围绕菜单信息改革及其影响展开。 六、六选五 Eating well becomes easier when healthy choices are convenient. 1__________ Small changes in the kitchen can guide us without making every meal feel like a test. They are especially useful on busy days, when people usually choose whatever is quickest. Begin with what people see first. Put fruit in a bowl on the table and keep water at the front of the fridge. 2__________ We often choose the option that requires the least effort. For the same reason, keep sugary drinks and biscuits in less noticeable places. Prepare a few useful ingredients in advance. Boil eggs, wash cucumbers or cut carrots when you have time. 3__________ This can also reduce the temptation to order fried food when you are tired. Even ten minutes of preparation can make the next meal much easier. Do not remove every favourite food. 4__________ A balanced diet depends on overall patterns, not one biscuit or one celebration meal. Flexible habits are often easier to continue than strict rules. Finally, notice which changes actually work for your family. 5__________ The best system is one that people can follow calmly for a long time, so adjust it when routines or preferences change. Ask family members what feels helpful instead of deciding everything for them. A. Ready-to-use food makes a quick meal possible. B. Keep them, but choose sensible amounts and frequency. C. Our surroundings influence decisions more than we realize. D. What works in one home may fail in another. E. Hide water and vegetables behind sugary drinks. F. This simple arrangement makes the healthier choice easier. 1. C 2. F 3. A 4. B 5. D 解析：1. C 总领环境对选择的影响；2. F 承接水果和水的摆放；3. A 解释提前处理食材的作用；4. B 与“不必移除所有喜爱食物”衔接；5. D 说明不同家庭需要不同方案。E 与上文建议相反。 七、语法填空 Last year, our class started a small garden beside the dining hall. At first, nobody knew whether the poor soil could support vegetables. Our science teacher suggested 1__________ (mix) it with leaves and natural compost. She also explained that healthy soil 2__________ (hold) water and provides food for plants. We planted carrots, cucumbers and cabbage. During the first month, we took turns watering them. One morning, I noticed 3__________ several leaves had turned yellow. I asked our teacher what we 4__________ (do) wrong. She showed us that we had given the plants too much water. After we changed our routine, the garden became 5__________ (healthy). By summer, we had enough vegetables to make salad for a school event. A local cook taught us how 6__________ (prepare) the food safely. He reminded us to wash everything carefully 7__________ it came from the garden. The project was useful for more than science. It helped us understand 8__________ food reaches our plates and why farmers’ work matters. We also became more willing to try vegetables 9__________ we had grown ourselves. Since then, several students 10__________ (start) gardens at home. 1. mixing 2. holds 3. that 4. had done 5. healthier 6. to prepare 7. although/though 8. how 9. that/which 10. have started 解析：1. suggest doing；2. 客观事实用一般现在时；3. notice 后陈述信息用 that；4. 错误发生在 asked 之前，用过去完成时；5. became 后接形容词比较级；6. how to do；7. 前后为让步关系；8. how 表示食物如何到达餐桌；9. 关系代词引导定语从句；10. Since then 触发现在完成时。无提示空分别考连接词、让步连词、疑问词和关系代词。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ | 6 | Unit 6 + Lesson 6 Food and health 本讲目标 掌握 Unit 6 全部词汇、短语及核心词的派生、搭配与辨析。 认识宾语从句的作用和结构，掌握连接词、陈述语序与基本时态。 运用“五步检查法”解决中考单句和语篇中的宾语从句问题。 序号 单词 词性 含义 拓展 1 boil v. 用沸水煮（或烫洗） boiling adj.; boiled adj.; boil water 2 biscuit n. 饼干 a packet of biscuits 3 score n./v. 分数；得分 score a goal; g et a high score 4 tofu n. 豆腐 a piece of tofu 5 stuff n. 东西 不可数名词； some useful stuff 6 overweight adj. 超重的 weight n.; weigh v. 7 sugary adj. 含糖的 sugar n.; sugary drinks 8 menu n. 菜单 read/order from the menu 9 cucumber n. 黄瓜 cucumber salad 10 carrot n. 胡萝卜 carrot juice 11 cabbage n. 甘蓝；卷心菜 Chinese cabbage 12 preference n. 偏爱；爱好 prefer v.; have a preference for 13 waiter n. 服务员 waitress n.; serve v.; service n. 14 sweat n./v. 汗水；出汗 sweaty adj.; break into a sweat 15 soil n. 土壤 rich/poor soil 16 welcoming adj. 令人感到惬意的 welcome v./n./adj. 17 gentle adj. 温和的 gently adv.; be gentle with 18 whisper v./n. 低语；私语 whisper to sb.; in a whisper 19 tend v. 照料；照管；往往会 tend to do; tend/care for sb. 1. boil Boil the vegetables for only a few minutes to keep them fresh. 词义：用沸水煮（或烫洗） 派生与词形：__________ (adj.) 沸腾的；__________ adj. 煮熟的 常用搭配：boil __________；boil eggs/vegetables 词汇辨析：boiling 强调正在沸腾；boiled 强调已经煮过；hot 只表示__________。 Words practice 1. Please __________ the water before drinking it. 2. Add the carrots to the __________ water. 3. I had a __________ egg for breakfast. 2. score Our class scored highly in the healthy-menu competition. 词义：分数；得分 常用搭配：get a high __________；score a goal __________ 词性提示：score 既可作名词，也可作__________ 词汇辨析：score 作名词指__________；mark 常指某道题或作业所得分；point 指__________。 Words practice 1. She got the highest __________ in the test. 2. Our team __________ twice in the second half. 3. The answer is worth five __________. 3. preference Teenagers often have a preference for sweet or fried food. 词义：偏爱；爱好 派生与词形：__________ (v.) 更喜欢；preferred adj. __________ n. 喜欢、偏好 常用搭配：have a preference __________；prefer A to B ____________________ 词汇辨析：prefer A to B；prefer doing A to doing B；would rather do A than do B。 Words practice 1. I have a strong __________ for fresh fruit. 2. She __________ tofu to fried food. 3. He prefers walking to __________ the bus. 4. waiter The waiter gently explained which dishes were low in sugar. 词义：服务员 派生与词形：wait v.; __________ (n.) 女服务员 相关词：serve v.; __________ (n.) 服务 词汇辨析：waiter 指男服务员或泛指服务员；customer __________；cook 厨师；server 也可指服务人员。 Words practice 1. The __________ brought us the menu. 2. The restaurant provides excellent __________. 3. Dinner is __________ from six. 5. sweat After running outdoors, sweat covered his forehead. 词义：汗水；出汗 派生与词形：__________ (adj.) 满是汗的 常用搭配：break into a __________；sweat heavily 词汇辨析：sweat 可作不可数名词或动词；perspire 较正式；sweaty 描述人或衣物满是汗。 Words practice 1. He began to __________ in the hot kitchen. 2. Her T-shirt was __________ after exercise. 3. He broke into a cold __________. 6. gentle Use a gentle voice when you remind others about healthy choices. 词义：温和的 派生与词形：__________ (adv.) 温和地 常用搭配：be gentle __________ sb./sth. 词汇辨析：gentle 强调__________；soft 常指__________；mild 可指__________。 Words practice 1. Be __________ with the young child. 2. The nurse spoke __________. 3. This cheese has a __________ taste. 7. whisper The girl whispered to her friend that the soup was too salty. 词义：低语；私语 常用搭配：whisper __________ sb.; whisper that... 名词搭配：in a __________ 词汇辨析：whisper 强调__________；say 指__________；speak 强调__________；tell 后常接__________。 Words practice 1. She __________ that the waiter was coming. 2. He answered in a __________. 3. Please __________ me the truth. 8. tend People tend to eat more when they are stressed. 词义：照料；照管；往往会 常用结构：tend __________ sth. 往往会做某事 近义搭配：tend/care __________ sb. 照料某人 词汇辨析：tend to do 表示__________；intend to do 表示__________；look after/care for 表示照顾。 Words practice 1. Children __________ to copy adults’ eating habits. 2. She stayed home to __________ her sick mother. 3. I __________ to cook dinner tonight. 单词综合练习 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Please __________ (boil) the cabbage for three minutes. 2. We bought two packets of __________ (biscuit). 3. Our team __________ (score) the winning goal yesterday. 4. This soup contains fresh __________ (tofu). 5. Put your sports __________ (stuff) in the cupboard. 6. Regular exercise helps prevent people becoming __________ (overweight). 7. Too many __________ (sugar) drinks are bad for teeth. 8. The __________ (menu) include several healthy choices. 9. Add the sliced __________ (cucumber) to the salad. 10. These __________ (carrot) are rich in vitamins. 11. The farmer grows __________ (cabbage) in this field. 12. Everyone has different food __________ (prefer). 13. The __________ (wait) brought us warm water. 14. His shirt was wet with __________ (sweat). 15. Plants grow well in rich __________ (soil). 16. The small restaurant felt warm and __________ (welcome). 17. Speak __________ (gentle) to the nervous child. 18. She __________ (whisper) the answer to me. 19. Teenagers __________ (tend) to sleep late at weekends. 序号 短语 含义 拓展 1 fizzy drink 起泡饮料 同义：soft drink 2 fried food 油炸食品 fry v.; fried adj. 3 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 balance n./v.; keep a balanced diet 4 in general 通常；大体上 generally speaking 5 dairy product 乳制品 milk, cheese and yoghurt 6 get through 度过；通过 get through a difficult time/exam 7 would rather 宁愿；更喜欢 would rather do A than do B 8 remind somebody of... 使某人想起…… remind sb. to do; remind sb. that... 1. a balanced diet 含义：均衡的饮食 A balanced diet provides different nutrients in suitable amounts. 结构与搭配：a __________；keep/follow a balanced diet ____________________ 易错辨析：balanced 强调各类食物__________；healthy 强调总体上“__________”。 2. in general 含义：通常；大体上 In general, fresh food contains less sugar than processed food. 结构与搭配：近义表达：__________ 易错辨析：in general 表示总体概括；in particular 表示“__________”。 3. get through 含义：度过；通过 Good habits helped him get through a difficult period. 结构与搭配：get through + __________ 易错辨析：get through 可表示度过、通过、完成或接通电话，含义由__________决定。 4. would rather 含义：宁愿；更喜欢 I would rather drink water than have a fizzy drink. 结构与搭配：would rather __________ A than do B 易错辨析：would rather 后接__________，不能接 to do。 5. remind somebody of 含义：使某人想起…… The smell of cabbage soup reminds me of my grandmother. 结构与搭配：remind sb. __________ + 名词/代词 易错辨析：remind sb. of 使想起；remind sb. __________ 提醒某人做某事。 短语综合练习 短语库：a balanced diet；in general；get through；would rather；remind somebody of（必要时改变形式） 1. __________, teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep. 2. This photo __________ me __________ our school garden. 3. She __________ cook at home than order fried food. 4. Family support helped him __________ the difficult weeks. 5. Fruit, vegetables and protein are all parts of __________. 考点 1：作用与结构 例句观察 学生归纳 结构 I think that a balanced diet is important. 完整句子在主句中作谓语 think 的__________。 主句 + 连接词 + 宾语从句 The waiter asked whether we wanted water. 先找主句谓语 asked，再划定其后的__________。 asked + whether 从句 考点 2：三类连接词 原始信息 连接词 学生归纳 陈述句：The soup is healthy. that that 在从句中不作成分，常可__________。 一般疑问句：Is it sugary? if / whether 表示“__________”，从句仍用陈述语序。 特殊疑问句：What did he order? what / when / where / why / how... 疑问词本身有含义，并在从句中作__________。 考点 3：陈述语序 直接疑问句 宾语从句 规则归纳 Where is the menu? Could you tell me where the menu is? 从句内部用“__________”的陈述语序。 Does he prefer tofu? I wonder whether he prefers tofu. 一般疑问句转化后去掉助动词提前，并根据主语调整__________。 考点 4：时态关系 主句情况 从句时态 例句 主句为现在时 从句根据__________选择所需时态。 I know that he eats less sugar now. 主句为过去时 从句通常用相应的__________。 She said that she had ordered tofu. 客观事实/规律 不受主句过去时限制，仍用__________。 The teacher said that water boils at 100°C. 考点 5：五步检查法 1. 找：找到主句__________和从句范围。 2. 判：判断原始信息是陈述、一般疑问还是__________。 3. 选：选择合适的__________。 4. 排：把从句调整为__________。 5. 定：根据主句时态、实际时间和信息性质确定__________。 即时训练 一、单项选择 1. I believe __________ a balanced diet can improve our health. A. what B. that C. whether D. where 2. Could you tell me __________ the waiter put the menu? A. where did B. where does C. where D. where was 3. I wonder __________ he would rather have tofu or cabbage. A. that B. whether C. what D. why 4. She asked me what I __________ for breakfast. A. eat B. ate C. will eat D. am eating 5. Our teacher told us that too much sugar __________ bad for our teeth. A. is B. was C. were D. be 6.— Could you tell me ______? — Sure. He lives on Center Street. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he lived D. where did he live 7.I don’t know ______ the meeting will start. A. when B. what C. that D. which 8.She asked me ______ I had finished my homework. A. what B. whether C. that D. which 9.The teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun. A. went B. goes C. will go D. has gone 10.— Do you know ______? — Yes, he is a doctor. A. who is he B. what he is C. what does he do D. how is he 二、用适当的连接词填空 1. I wonder ____________ you can help me with my English. 2. She didn’t tell me ____________ she would come back. 3. Do you know ____________ book this is? 4. He asked me ____________ I had ever been to Beijing. 5. I believe ____________ he is telling the truth. 三、将下列句子改为宾语从句 1. Where does he work? → Do you know __________________? 2. Will it rain tomorrow? → I’m not sure __________________. 3. What time did the train leave? → Could you tell me __________________? 4. How can I get to the station? → Can you tell me __________________? 5. Is she coming to the party? → I don’t know __________________. 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The soup is still __________. (boil) 2. Different students have different food __________. (prefer) 3. The nurse spoke __________ to the child. (gentle) 4. The boy was __________ after running. (sweat) 5. People __________ to eat more when stressed. (tend) 6. The restaurant gave us excellent __________. (serve) 二、宾语从句改错练习 1. I don’t know where does he live. ____________________. 2. She asked me that if I liked music. ____________________. 3. Can you tell me when will the film begin? ____________________. 4. He said that he is busy yesterday. ____________________. 5. I wonder what time is it now. ____________________. 一、词汇拼写与词形变化 1. The water is __________ (boil), so turn off the heat. 2. Her food __________ (prefer) changed after the health course. 3. The __________ (wait) patiently explained the menu. 4. The coach spoke __________ (gentle) to the tired player. 5. His face was covered with __________ (sweat). 6. Children __________ (tend) to enjoy colourful food. 7. The room felt warm and __________ (welcome). 8. Our team __________ (score) 92 points in the competition. 二、单项选择 1. I wonder __________ the soup is too salty. A. that B. if C. what D. where 2. Could you tell me what __________ on today’s menu? A. is B. are C. was it D. it is 3. The doctor said that vegetables __________ important for health. A. were B. are C. was D. be 4. I do not know why he __________ fried food yesterday. A. chooses B. chose C. has chosen D. will choose 5. She asked whether I __________ water or a fizzy drink. A. prefer B. preferred C. will prefer D. am preferring 6. I would rather __________ tofu than fried chicken. A. choose B. to choose C. choosing D. chose 7. This smell reminds me __________ my grandmother’s kitchen. A. with B. of C. to D. for 8. Family support helped her get __________ a difficult time. A. over B. across C. through D. away 9. In __________, eating slowly helps us notice when we are full. A. total B. fact C. general D. time 10. A __________ diet should include food from different groups. A. balancing B. balanced C. balance D. balances 三、短语填空 短语库：fizzy drink；fried food；a balanced diet；in general；dairy product；get through；would rather；remind somebody of 1. Milk and yoghurt are common __________. 2. I __________ drink water than have a sugary drink. 3. __________, fresh food is a better choice than highly processed food. 4. The smell of soup __________ me __________ home. 5. Good habits helped him __________ the busy exam month. 6. Chips and fried chicken are types of __________. 7. Vegetables, grains and protein belong in __________. 8. A __________ often contains a large amount of sugar. 四、完形填空（10空） When our school announced a healthy-lunch challenge, many students thought the task would be simple. Each group had to design a balanced meal, explain its nutrition and serve it to teachers. My group wanted food that was healthy, affordable and attractive enough for teenagers. The meal also needed to suit students with very different tastes. We first conducted a survey to learn about students’ food 1__________. The results showed that most students liked fried food and sugary drinks, while few chose cabbage or tofu. Instead of ignoring these opinions, we asked 2__________ healthy food could be made more appealing. Our science teacher reminded us 3__________ colour, smell and texture influence appetite. We created a menu with boiled carrots, cucumber salad, tofu and fruit yoghurt. The first test did not go well. The tofu tasted plain, and one sauce contained 4__________ much sugar. Although we felt disappointed, our teacher spoke 5__________ and encouraged us to try again. We added herbs, reduced sugar and served smaller portions. A waiter from a nearby restaurant also showed us 6__________ to arrange food neatly. On challenge day, our hands were covered in sweat, but the meal received a high 7__________. Several students said that the dishes reminded them 8__________ food cooked at home. We learned that healthy eating is not about giving up everything we enjoy. It is about understanding 9__________ our bodies need and making better choices in general. Since then, I have tended 10__________ the menu before ordering. 1. A. scores 1. B. preferences 1. C. soils 1. D. whispers 2. A. how 2. B. what 2. C. whether 2. D. where 3. A. what 3. B. if 3. C. that 3. D. whether 4. A. too 4. B. so 4. C. very 4. D. such 5. A. gentle 5. B. gently 5. C. gentleness 5. D. gentler 6. A. what 6. B. why 6. C. how 6. D. whether 7. A. menu 7. B. score 7. C. stuff 7. D. soil 8. A. for 8. B. with 8. C. of 8. D. to 9. A. when 9. B. whose 9. C. which 9. D. what 10. A. check 10. B. checking 10. C. to check 10. D. checked 五、阅读理解 A school in Bristol recently changed the way students choose lunch. Instead of showing only dish names, its menu now gives simple information about ingredients, sugar and fibre. The change began after teachers noticed that many students chose food by appearance alone. They rarely asked what a meal contained or how it had been prepared. Before designing the new menu, the school asked students what they wanted to know. Some cared about allergies, while others wanted to compare sugar levels. The cooks then worked with a health teacher. They did not label food as “good” or “bad”. Instead, they explained what each dish contained and how it could fit into a balanced diet. At first, staff worried that the extra information would slow the lunch line. However, students quickly learned to scan the symbols. After two months, sales of water, vegetables and yoghurt increased. Fried food was still available once a week, but fewer students chose the largest portion. The most surprising result was not a particular food choice. Students began asking questions. They wanted to know why whole grains kept them full longer and whether a fizzy drink could be part of a healthy diet. The school says the aim is not to control every meal. It wants students to understand choices and make decisions for themselves. The project suggests that clear information, presented without blame, can be more powerful than strict rules. Some students even began discussing the menu with their families at home. 1. Why did the school change its menu? A. Students disliked all school food. B. Students often chose food only by appearance. C. Teachers wanted a shorter lunch line. D. The school stopped selling fried food. 2. What does “scan” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Read quickly for key information. B. Copy every word carefully. C. Remove something from view. D. Ask someone to explain. 3. What changed after two months? A. All students stopped eating fried food. B. The lunch line became much longer. C. More students chose water, vegetables and yoghurt. D. The school removed portion choices. 4. What can we infer about the school’s approach? A. It uses punishment to change habits. B. It trusts students to make informed choices. C. It believes one diet suits everyone. D. It avoids answering students’ questions. 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To advertise a restaurant menu. B. To explain how clear food information changed choices. C. To teach readers how to cook school lunch. D. To compare food prices in different schools. 六、六选五 Eating well becomes easier when healthy choices are convenient. 1__________ Small changes in the kitchen can guide us without making every meal feel like a test. They are especially useful on busy days, when people usually choose whatever is quickest. Begin with what people see first. Put fruit in a bowl on the table and keep water at the front of the fridge. 2__________ We often choose the option that requires the least effort. For the same reason, keep sugary drinks and biscuits in less noticeable places. Prepare a few useful ingredients in advance. Boil eggs, wash cucumbers or cut carrots when you have time. 3__________ This can also reduce the temptation to order fried food when you are tired. Even ten minutes of preparation can make the next meal much easier. Do not remove every favourite food. 4__________ A balanced diet depends on overall patterns, not one biscuit or one celebration meal. Flexible habits are often easier to continue than strict rules. Finally, notice which changes actually work for your family. 5__________ The best system is one that people can follow calmly for a long time, so adjust it when routines or preferences change. Ask family members what feels helpful instead of deciding everything for them. A. Ready-to-use food makes a quick meal possible. B. Keep them, but choose sensible amounts and frequency. C. Our surroundings influence decisions more than we realize. D. What works in one home may fail in another. E. Hide water and vegetables behind sugary drinks. F. This simple arrangement makes the healthier choice easier. 七、语法填空 Last year, our class started a small garden beside the dining hall. At first, nobody knew whether the poor soil could support vegetables. Our science teacher suggested 1__________ (mix) it with leaves and natural compost. She also explained that healthy soil 2__________ (hold) water and provides food for plants. We planted carrots, cucumbers and cabbage. During the first month, we took turns watering them. One morning, I noticed 3__________ several leaves had turned yellow. I asked our teacher what we 4__________ (do) wrong. She showed us that we had given the plants too much water. After we changed our routine, the garden became 5__________ (healthy). By summer, we had enough vegetables to make salad for a school event. A local cook taught us how 6__________ (prepare) the food safely. He reminded us to wash everything carefully 7__________ it came from the garden. The project was useful for more than science. It helped us understand 8__________ food reaches our plates and why farmers’ work matters. We also became more willing to try vegetables 9__________ we had grown ourselves. Since then, several students 10__________ (start) gardens at home. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $