Unit 5 Humans and Nature人与自然（单元阅读精练）英语北师大版必修第二册

Unit 5 Humans and Nature人与自然 单元阅读精练 Living in Harmony With Mothernature Upon embarking on thinking over the relationship between mankind and nature, teenagers are confronted with an array of tough ecological challenges. Many youngsters harbour the delusion that human beings are superior to nature and can exploit natural resources without limits. They squander precious natural resources in daily life, yet they ignore the hidden risks brought by overexploitation. Nevertheless, numerous environmentalists serve as an illuminating paradigm for teenagers. They are fully aware that human survival heavily relies on a healthy ecosystem. Whenever they encounter ecological crises, they refuse to turn a blind eye to environmental damage. Instead of harbouring empty fantasies of conquering nature, they draft elaborate practical agendas in advance and strive for minor but ecofriendly goals step by step. They are convinced that human power is not unlimited; every small green deed can produce tangible positive effects. Boiling down to its essence, harmonious coexistence between humans and nature is never a oneoff miracle, but the cumulative outcome of consistent public awareness and joint efforts. Experts also point out that individual devotion alone cannot settle severe ecological troubles. Joint efforts of governments, communities and ordinary citizens play a vital role. No single group can accomplish the complicated mission of ecological protection in complete isolation. It is scientific policies, persistent green awareness and effective cooperation that empower human beings to tackle multifarious environmental adversities. Only by acting green in daily routines and bravely rising to ecorelated challenges can we embrace sustainable development rather than merely dreaming of a perfect natural world. 【译文欣赏】 与大自然和谐共生 当开始思考人与自然的关系时，青少年面临一系列严峻的生态挑战。很多年轻人怀有一种错觉：人类高于自然，可以无节制地开采自然资源。他们在日常生活中挥霍宝贵的自然资源，却忽视过度开发背后潜藏的风险。 然而，无数环保工作者为青少年树立了极具启发性的榜样。他们充分意识到人类的生存高度依赖健康的生态系统。每当遭遇生态危机，他们不会对环境破坏视而不见。他们不怀揣征服自然的空洞幻想，而是提前制定详尽可行的计划，一步一步追求微小但环保的目标。他们坚信人类的力量并非无限；每一件小小的绿色行动都能带来实实在在的积极影响。归根结底，人与自然的和谐共生从来都不是一次性的奇迹，而是公众环保意识提升与多方共同努力日积月累的结果。 专家同时指出，单凭个人投入无法解决严峻的生态难题。政府、社区与普通公民的共同努力起到至关重要的作用。没有任何一个群体能够独自完成生态保护这项复杂使命。正是科学的政策、持久的绿色环保意识以及高效协作，赋予人类力量去应对各式各样的环境困境。只有在日常生活践行绿色行为，勇敢迎接生态相关的各类挑战，我们才能实现可持续发展，而不是仅仅幻想一个完美的自然世界。 【词汇积累】课标内 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ecology n. 生态；生态学 exploit vt. 开采；开发 survival n. 生存 ecosystem n. 生态系统 conquer vt. 征服 deed n. 行为；行动 sustainable adj. 可持续的 joint adj. 共同的 mission n. 使命；任务 tackle vt. 处理，应对 awareness n. 意识 isolation n. 孤立；隔绝 【词汇积累】超纲词汇 1. 2. embark /ɪmˈbɑːk/v. 着手，开启（embark on） 3. array /əˈreɪ/n. 一系列，大批 4. delusion /dɪˈluːʒn/n. 错觉，错误想法 5. squander /ˈskwɒndə(r)/v. 挥霍，浪费（资源） 6. illuminating /ɪˈluːmɪneɪtɪŋ/adj. 富有启发性的 7. paradigm /ˈpærədaɪm/n. 榜样，范例 8. overexploitation /ˌəʊvər ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/n. 过度开采 9. tangible /ˈtændʒəbl/adj. 实实在在的 10. cumulative /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/adj. 累积的 11. multifarious /ˌmʌltɪˈfeəriəs/adj. 各种各样的 12. adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/n. 困境，磨难 【长难句精讲】 句 1 Upon embarking on thinking over the relationship between mankind and nature, teenagers are confronted with an array of tough ecological challenges. Many youngsters harbour the delusion that human beings are superior to nature and can exploit natural resources without limits. 1. 抓标志：upon doing 作时间状语；that 引导同位语从句，解释抽象名词 delusion 2. 句子结构：upon + 动名词作时间状语 + 主句；主句 + that 同位语从句 3. 翻译：当开始思考人与自然的关系时，青少年面临一系列严峻的生态挑战。很多年轻人怀有一种错觉：人类高于自然，可以无节制地开采自然资源。 4. 考点解析：upon doing = when sb. does sth；an array of 一系列；harbour the delusion that 心怀…… 的错觉；be superior to 优于，比…… 高级；that 引导同位语从句，不作从句成分。 句 2 They are convinced that human power is not unlimited; every small green deed can produce tangible positive effects. Boiling down to its essence, harmonious coexistence between humans and nature is never a oneoff miracle, but the cumulative outcome of consistent public awareness and joint efforts. 1. 抓标志：that 引导宾语从句；分号并列分句；现在分词短语Boiling down to its essence作评注性状语；never…but… 不是…… 而是…… 2. 句子结构：主句 + that 宾语从句；分号并列句；现在分词作状语；never…but… 对比结构 3. 翻译：他们坚信人类的力量并非无限；每一件小小的绿色行动都能带来实实在在的积极影响。归根结底，人与自然的和谐共生从来都不是一次性的奇迹，而是公众环保意识提升与多方共同努力日积月累的结果。 4. 考点解析：be convinced that 坚信；boil down to its essence 归根结底；never…but… 否定前者、肯定后者；cumulative outcome 日积月累的结果。 句 3 Only by acting green in daily routines and bravely rising to ecorelated challenges can we embrace sustainable development rather than merely dreaming of a perfect natural world. 1. 抓标志：Only + 介词短语置于句首，主句部分倒装；rather than 对比结构 2. 句子结构：Only + 方式状语 + 倒装主句 + rather than 对比状语 3. 翻译：只有在日常生活践行绿色行为，勇敢迎接生态相关的各类挑战，我们才能实现可持续发展，而不是仅仅幻想一个完美的自然世界。 4. 考点解析：act green 践行绿色环保行为；rise to challenges 迎接挑战；only + 状语放句首主句部分倒装；rather than 而不是。 【考题】 1. What false idea do many youngsters hold according to Paragraph1? A. Humans are superior to nature and can exploit resources limitlessly. B. Small green actions can bring positive influence to ecosystem. C. Human survival depends heavily on the healthy nature. D. Environmental protection calls for joint work of all people. 2. The phrase “boiling down to its essence” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. To give practical examples B. To sum up fundamentally C. To carry out strict surveys D. To give up completely 3. We can infer from Paragraph 23 that ______. A. Individual small green deeds are totally useless for ecological protection B. Human beings can settle all environmental problems completely on their own C. Sustainable development requires small green acts as well as joint cooperation D. We should totally rely on governments to finish environmental missions 4. What is the main theme of the whole passage? A. Human beings can conquer nature with unlimited power. B. Harmony between humans and nature needs small deeds plus joint efforts. C. Ecological damage can be fixed merely through big oneoff projects. D. Environmentalists alone can solve all ecological problems. 【解题技巧】 推理判断题 —— 所需阅读技能拆解 一、题型定位 推理判断题不考原文原句简单复述，侧重挖掘字里行间隐含信息：作者态度、因果逻辑、深层启示。 常见子题型：隐含含义推断、观点态度推断、写作目的、预测下文。 命题高频位置：转折处、长难句、人物错误观点、首尾主旨段落。 二、学生必须具备的 4 项核心阅读技能 技能 1：字面信息抓取能力（推理的基础） 1. 快速定位题干对应的原文区域，读懂表层含义； 2. 标记名词、动词、转折词、否定词、态度形容词； 3. 区分文中某些人的错误看法 VS 作者真正的观点。 误区：跳过原文，直接依靠生活常识做题。 技能 2：信息深度挖掘与逻辑推演能力 1. 理清句间逻辑：因果、让步、对比（never…but…）； 2. 从已知细节推导没有直接写明的结论； 3. 警惕三类错误：断章取义、以偏概全、只停留在字面。 技能 3：忠于原文的证据意识（最核心技能） 1. 所有推断必须在文中找到对应证据；选项符合生活常识≠正确答案；原文无依据直接排除。 2. 禁止主观脑补，随意放大原文语义。 技能 4：语篇宏观解读能力 1. 把握整篇文章感情基调：褒扬、批判、客观说理； 2. 分清：文中一部分人的错误幻想 ≠ 作者本人支持的观点（本篇高频考点陷阱）。 三、识别 4 类典型干扰选项 1. 主观臆断：常识说得通，但原文找不到线索支撑。 2. 过度推断：原文客观陈述，选项出现 all /totally/merely /only 等绝对词，大多为错误选项。 3. 照搬原文细节：推理题正确答案不能直接抄写原句；照搬原句一般是细节题选项。 4. 混淆观点主体：把文中年轻人的错误想法当成作者的主张。 四、做题完整思维流程 1. 识别题型（infer /suggest/imply）； 2. 回文定位，抓取线索，分清是谁的观点； 3. 结合上下文逻辑做推导； 4. 排除照搬原文、主观臆断、过度解读； 5. 正确答案特征：原文有据可依，同义转述，属于文本暗含信息。 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 新闻报道 343 介绍了中国云南出土的一批距今5.39亿年的化石 Passage2 语法填空 新闻报道 89 短文介绍了四川省雅江县的一场森林大火被扑灭 Passage3 七选五 说明文 241 主要介绍践行绿色生活的三种方法 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 408 目击者所见、专家解读与郊狼后续消失的情况 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 377 沙尘暴的特征、成因及中国为防治沙漠化所采取的植树造林措施 Passage6 阅读理解 说明文 322 风力助力货轮通过优化路线和航速最大化利用风能 Passage7 阅读理解 应用文 249 讲述戏剧制作存在环保压力及各类绿色可持续改良方案 Passage8 阅读理解 说明文 345 介绍了一种真菌可降解包装 Passage9 阅读理解 说明文 270 说明了土星因宏大明亮的光环被视作最美行星 Passage10 阅读理解 应用文 227 城市生态保护志愿者招募通知 Passage11 阅读理解 说明文 321 介绍了波多黎各雨林物种面临诸多生存威胁 Passage1 （20252026 福建漳州市下学期期末）A major fossil (化石) discovery in southwest China may change the way scientists understand the early history of life on Earth. Researchers from Oxford University and Yunnan University found more than 700 fossils in Yunnan Province, and these fossils suggest that complex (复杂的) animals appeared much earlier than previously believed. The fossils date back about 539 million years, near the end of the Ediacaran period. For a long time, scientists thought that during this period, most living things in the oceans were simple and strange-looking. Truly complex animals were believed to have appeared later, during the “Cambrian Explosion (爆炸).” However, the new fossils show that some animals had already developed more advanced features several million years earlier. One of the most important findings is that some of these early animals seem to have had a symmetric feature, which means the left and right sides of their bodies were similar. This body plan is common in most animals today, including humans. Before this discovery, scientists had only seen traces of such creatures, such as tracks or marks, but not the actual bodies themselves. Now, for the first time, they may have direct fossil evidence of these early complex animals. The discovery may also help settle a long-running debate in paleontology (古生物学). The evolution (进化) of major animal groups occurred earlier than fossil records showed, as genetic (基因的) studies had suggested. This disagreement was sometimes described as a debate between “rocks” and “clocks” — fossils on one side and genetic evidence on the other. The new fossils suggest that the two may actually be closer in agreement than scientists once thought. Researchers say this finding is important not only because it changes the timeline of evolution, but also because it raises bigger questions. Scientists now want to understand how and why complex life developed so rapidly. In other words, the discovery does not close the story of evolution — it opens an exciting new page. 28. What was the previous view of complex life? A. It had strange-looking bodies. B. It existed in the Ediacaran period. C. It began during the Cambrian Explosion. D. It developed much earlier than expected. 29. What does the underlined word “symmetric” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Different. B. Unique. C. Balanced. D. Irregular. 30. What’s the significance of the new finding? A. To put forward the timeline of life. B. To challenge genetic analysis of early evolution. C. To raise a heated debate between “rocks” and “clocks”. D. To provide direct body evidence of early complex animals. 31. What might be the focus of future research on complex life? A. To identify more fossil evidence. B. To uncover the truth of its origin. C. To end the discussion on its evolution. D. To explore the mystery of its sharp growth. Passage2 （20232024 北京顺义区高一下期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Thanks to the great efforts of 1,259 workers, a forest fire in Yajiang County (县) in Sichuan Province was put out ___8___ March 17. The fire broke out two days ago. Due to sudden strong winds, it soon spread to a larger area and ___9___ (cause) a lot of smoke. Firefighters and other rescue workers ___10___ (quick) joined the rescue operation. With efforts from all parties, 3,396 people from 11 villages have moved to safe places. There have been no reports of deaths, according to local authorities. Passage 3 （四川省南充市嘉陵第一中学2025-2026学年高一下第三次调研）How green are you? Do you know how to be green? We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. ____36____ Reduce Reduce means “use less”. ____37____ This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think whether it’s really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good. When we buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad. Reuse Reuse means “use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should look after them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. ____38____ It’s better to use a china (瓷器) cup and a lunch box because you can use them again. Recycle ____39____ Though it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighborhood and take part in recycling programs. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees. ____40____ A. Don’t waste things. B. Here is some advice for you. C. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. D. It’s important for us to know how to be a green person. E. Recycle means “change things into something else”. F. We are different in some ways, but all living things are connected. G. So please remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle. Passage 4 （天津市南开区2025-2026学年下学期期末高一英语试题）A lone coyote (郊狼) shocked biologists and others when it paddled (涉水) its way to remote Alcatraz Island earlier this year. At the time, biologists guessed the coyote swam from San Francisco, which is a little over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) from Alcatraz Island. But it turns out the male coyote actually made an even longer swim from nearby Angel Island, 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) away. “Our working assumption (假设) was that the coyote made the swim from San Francisco because it is a significantly shorter distance. We couldn’t help being impressed by his accomplishment in making it to Alcatraz,” National Park Service wildlife ecologist Bill Merkle said in a news release Monday titled “Alcatraz Coyote Wasn’t a City Boy After All.” “Coyotes are known to be resilient (有承受力的) and adaptable, and he certainly demonstrated those qualities,” he said. Camilla Fox, founder and executive director of nonprofit Project Coyote, said the coyote likely departed its home base in search of a mate or new territory to defend. She said coyotes, like wolves, do swim, although it’s incredibly rare for humans to spot one doing so. “We have never, ever heard such a story of a coyote making such a long journey in a pretty challenging ocean current,” she said. Video from early January shows the coyote paddling in the chilly San Francisco Bay and then struggling to get onto the rocky island. It was followed by a Jan. 24 visitor sighting and photographs by Rebecca Husson, who was in town for a cousin’s wedding. She and her family were surprised to spot the coyote on their morning tour of Alcatraz Island. “He looked like a drowned rat when he ended up on the island, and when we saw him he looked healthy and so beautiful. He looked like he had been eating well,” she told The Associated Press on Tuesday. Biologists found fresh coyote tracks and scat (粪便), which they sent to the University of California, Davis, for DNA analysis. Officials were shocked to learn the swimmer was part of the coyote population on Angel Island. The park service was prepared to capture and relocate the coyote because of Alcatraz’s role as a seabird nesting habitat. But he has never again been spotted or caught on recording devices and there is no evidence the coyote is still on the island. 41. What was biologists’ initial assumption about the coyote’s origin before DNA analysis? A. It swam from Angel Island, 2 miles away. B. It came from a nearby seabird nesting habitat. C. It swam from San Francisco, 1.2 miles away. D. It was originally from a university research center. 42. What can we infer about this long-distance swimming behavior of the coyote? A. It is quite common among wild coyotes. B. It is seldom seen and extremely unusual. C. Coyotes only do it to look for enough food. D. Most coyotes are unable to finish it. 43. What can be inferred from Rebecca Husson’s description of the coyote? A. The coyote looked unhealthy and had difficulty finding food. B. The coyote left the island shortly after being photographed. C. The coyote was originally a pet that escaped from the city. D. The coyote had adapted well after arriving on the island. 44. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To warn visitors about coyotes on Alcatraz Island. B. To describe a surprising discovery about a coyote’s journey. C. To compare coyote behavior with that of wolves. D. To advertise Alcatraz Island as a wildlife tourism spot. 45. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Measures were planned for the coyote but it disappeared. B. Scientists studied coyote tracks to know its diet. C. Alcatraz Island is a perfect home for seabirds. D. People found many clear photos of the coyote later. Passage 5 （天津市南开区2025-2026学年下学期期末高一英语试题）Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it. Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes (沙丘). The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert. “To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said. “There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in. You just had to hope you’d survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.” Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass. Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see. The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It’s difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you’d better wear a mask.” The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years. 46. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Ren Jianbo’s childhood experience in Paragraph 2? A. To show how sandstorms affect traffic in cities. B. To explain the scientific causes of desertification. C. To illustrate the terrifying and dangerous nature of sandstorms. D. To compare sandstorms in China with those in Australia. 47. According to the passage, what has led to the increase of sandstorms in China in recent years? A. Stronger winds blowing from Central Africa. B. Climate changes and human activities like cutting trees. C. The government’s decision to plant more trees. D. The movement of sand dunes toward northwest China. 48. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4 about the impact of sandstorms on Beijing? A. They turn the sky orange but do not bring dust. B. They arrive only in the morning and disappear by noon. C. They rarely affect the daily lives of Beijing citizens. D. They cause traffic to move slowly due to poor visibility. 49. When a sandstorm arrives in Beijing, weather experts suggest that people ______. A. ride bicycles carefully with masks on B. stay indoors and avoid going outside C. plant more trees to block the dust D. move to the desert areas for safety 50. What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A. To warn readers about the dangers of desertification. B. To criticize the government for not doing enough. C. To describe how the government is trying to stop the desert. D. To compare Beijing’s weather with Inner Mongolia’s. Passage 6 （河北承德市2025-2026学年高一下学期期末英语试题）The shipping industry is responsible for around 3 percent of carbon dioxide emissions. However, if wind-assisted cargo (货物) ships chose routes based entirely on where the winds are better, their fuel use could be significantly reduced or even completely eliminated. There is growing interest among shipping companies in exploiting wind power to cut costs. Some are building ships with conventional sails from the beginning, while others are adding automated sails to existing ships. Currently, some wind-assisted ships are still operated like conventional ones, taking a direct route at a set speed. To explore what could be achieved if routes and speeds were varied to optimize (使最优化) the wind boost, Thorben Schwedt at the German Aerospace Center and his colleagues set out to investigate. The team also assumed that ships could generate and store hydrogen (氢). When winds are very strong, some of the energy is used to generate hydrogen via electricity-generating turbines underneath a ship. This hydrogen can then power engines when the winds are low. The researchers took data on historical weather in the Atlantic Ocean over one year and used a computer model to work out optimal routes. “The ships go completely wild routes,” says Schwedt. On average, the energy consumption of ships taking the optimal routes would be 75 percent lower than those taking direct routes. “Sometimes taking really big detours that you couldn’t think would work out,” says Schwedt. “With this approach, we managed to get energy savings from 50 to 100 percent.” However, Tristan Smith at University College London points out that such high energy saving is only theoretically possible. “This very much depends on what average voyage speed you are targeting, which is set by the economics of a ship’s operation,” says Smith. “In our experience, the savings are significantly lower for most ships.” 12. What does the underlined word “exploiting” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Running out of. B. Making light of. C. Keeping track of. D. Taking advantage of. 13. Why did some ships follow completely wild routes according to the study? A. To shorten the sailing distance. B. To increase hydrogen production. C. To achieve greater energy savings. D. To avoid severe weather conditions. 14. What do Tristan Smith’s words imply? A. Real-world saving effects can be quite limited. B. Theoretical savings match practical operations. C. Wind cargo ships are economically impossible. D. Shipping efficiency relies heavily on target speed. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Cargo Ships Should Depend on Wind Energy B. Historical Weather Could Guide Modern Ships C. Wind Power Could Make Cargo Shipping Green D. Top Companies Should Lead the Wind Industry Passage 7 （辽宁大连市2025-2026学年度第二学期期末考试高一英语试题）Designing and performing theatrical productions leaves a notable environmental footprint. Here’s a breakdown of the energy consumption and waste generation in 2023 across different stages of a typical play’s production cycle. Making theater more sustainable isn’t just about cutting energy use — it’s also about reimagining production supplies. While no universal “eco-theater” solution exists, a range of green alternatives are emerging. SET MATERIALS Reclaimed wood and modular props (模块化道具). Sourced from recycled construction waste or reusable parts, they cut down on post-show set waste. COSTUMES Upcycled clothing. Repurposed from secondhand stores or old fabrics, they avoid the environmental cost of manufacturing new costumes and lower textile waste. LIGHTING LED stage lights. Using 75% less energy than traditional stage lights and lasting longer, they reduce both energy consumption and replacement waste. PROPS Biodegradable (可生物降解的) accessories. Made from materials like paper, bamboo, or natural fibers, they decompose easily after use, avoiding long-term landfill pollution. This shift toward sustainable theater is global, and the extent of transformation is “unlike anything we’ve seen before,” says Liam Carter, a renowned theater director. It’s estimated that the number of annual theatrical performances worldwide will increase by 40% by 2040, putting even more pressure on resources. However, experts believe that circular production models and material innovation can drive meaningful progress, keeping pace with the sweeping trend of energy conservation and emission reduction. “The future of theater is restorative and regenerative by design,” says Carter. 1. Which stage caused the most energy and waste in 2023? A. Set design and construction. B. Lighting and sound operations. C. Costume maintenance and storage. D. Transportation of props and costumes. 2. What do the four alternatives have in common? A. They require new energy. B. They use recycled materials. C. They avoid long-term pollution. D. They target fewer environmental impacts. 3. What does Carter stress regarding the future of theater? A. Sustainable and renewable. B. Wasteful and limited. C. Traditional and productive. D. Profitable and popular. Passage 8 （辽宁大连市2025-2026学年度第二学期期末考试高一英语试题）Every year, over 14 million tons of plastic waste end up in the world’s oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme. This waste kills millions of marine animals each year, pollutes fragile coastal ecosystems, and breaks down into microplastics that enter the food chain and reach the human body. Most of this plastic comes from single-use packaging, designed for days of use but able to persist in oceans for hundreds of years. Now, scientists and startups worldwide are turning to an unlikely solution to this global crisis: fungi. At the heart of this innovation is mycelium (菌丝体), the root-like structure of fungi. Made of tiny thread-like filaments, mycelium grows by feeding on organic matter, binding into a strong, flexible, fully biodegradable material. To make fungal packaging, manufacturers use agricultural waste (wheat straw, rice husks, sawdust) as a growth medium, mix it with mycelium spores, place it into molds, and let it grow in a controlled environment for 5-7 days. It is then heat-treated to stop growth, forming a lightweight, durable packaging made without harmful chemicals, high temperatures or massive energy input. Unlike plastic that never fully breaks down, fungal packaging is 100% biodegradable. It decomposes in soil in 30 days, and most importantly, fully breaks down in seawater within 3-6 months, leaving no microplastics or toxic residues. This makes it an ideal replacement for plastic packaging used to transport seafood, cosmetics and electronics, major contributors to marine plastic pollution. Major companies worldwide are adopting the technology. A Dutch startup FungiPack uses it for seafood shipping, while Chinese firm MycoGreen produces it for electronics, reporting a 70% reduction in carbon emissions compared to plastic production. It still faces challenges: higher cost than mass-produced plastic, and poor water resistance. But with ongoing optimization, it will soon become a viable alternative to most ocean-bound plastic. “Plastic was a miracle invention, but we forgot to design materials for the end of their life,” says Dr. Jane Zhao, a Tsinghua University materials scientist. “Mycelium works with nature, not against it. That’s the future of sustainable packaging.” 8. What is the biggest advantage of fungal packaging over traditional plastic? A. It is cheaper to mass-produce. B. It can be reused many times. C. It can fully degrade in seawater. D. It has a longer service life in wet areas. 9. What can we infer about the production of fungal packaging? A. It has a lower carbon footprint than plastic. B. It depends on high-quality farmland. C. It requires a lot of fresh water and heat. D. It is more complex than plastic production. 10. What does the underlined word “viable” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Rare and valuable. B. Cheap and abundant. C. Complex and advanced. D. Practical and functional. 11. What is Dr. Zhao’s attitude towards mycelium packaging technology? A. Neutral. B. Doubtful. C. Critical. D. Optimistic. Passage 9 （湖南省长沙市周南中学2024-2025学年高一上学期入学考试英语试题）Which planet is the most beautiful in our solar system? Many people may answer “Saturn”. Saturn is a funny-looking planet. It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest. According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely. How did Saturn get its rings in the first place? Science has no sure answer. But there is a popular theory: Some small planets ran into each other with Saturn’s moons. Earth has only one moon. But Saturn has at least 60 moons. And this left behind a large amount of ice and rock pieces. These pieces are different in size. Some are as small as a grain of sand. Others are as large as a house. These small pieces began to travel around Saturn. Saturn’s gravity (引力) pulled them toward it. At the same time, the speed of their orbit (轨道) tried to throw them into space. Over time, these pieces of ice and rock formed rings around Saturn. A new study, however, suggests that Saturn’s gravity is winning. About ten tons of “ring matter” is falling into Saturn every second. If this continues, the planet’s ring system will no longer exist in 100 million to 300 million years’ time. According to scientists, Saturn’s rings are between 10 million and 100 million years old. “We’re lucky to be able to see Saturn’s huge ring system.” one of the scientists said. “Some of the planets in our solar system only have very thin rings today. Perhaps we just missed seeing their huge ring systems!” 6. Why is Saturn the most beautiful? A. Because it has huge bright rings. B. Because it is shining most strongly. C. Because it is especially studied by scientists. D. Because it has the biggest size in the solar system. 7. What do the rings of Saturn consist of? A. Sand and rock. B. Small moons. C. Ice and rock. D. Small planets. 8. What does the underlined sentence mean? A. The gravity of Saturn is disappearing. B. The ring matter is being thrown into space. C. The speed of the ring matter is slowing down. D. The ring matter is gradually becoming part of Saturn. 9. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Every planet has a ring system. B. Some planets used to have huge rings. C. Saturn’s rings are the oldest in the solar system. D. We can luckily see Saturn’s ring system forever. 10. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show how Saturn slowly formed. B. To tell what Saturn’s rings are made up of. C. To describe how scientists study Saturn’s rings. D. To explain why Saturn’s rings are disappearing. Passage 10 （湖南省长沙市周南中学2024-2025学年高一上学期入学考试英语试题）Many schools have clubs for volunteering. Check Garden School’s volunteering for information. ●Protect the environment: You can plant trees, clean up streets and put rubbish in the right places. Make sure to be safe and follow the rules. ●Help in your neighborhood: You can help people who live nearby. Just be respectful of their privacy (隐私). ●Take care of animals: You can feed or care for a cat or a dog without a home. But be careful and stay safe. ●Help in welfare services (福利机构): You can visit homes for old people or people with disabilities (残疾). You can play games or talk with them. ●Join volunteer activities: You can give things to people who need help. You can also join events to raise money for them. How to take part Email your application (申请表) at volunteer school@sina.com or hand it in to Room 202 before May 27th. How to find more information Call Ms. Brown at 33256688 from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays. Other ways to be a volunteer Neighborhood: Your community might have places where you can help, like centers for kids or older people. You can do volunteer activities through these centers. Online: There are websites where you can find volunteer work, such as China Volunteer Service and I Volunteer. 3. What can you do to help the environment according to the passage? A. Paint your house green. B. Plant trees and clean up streets. C. Collect rubbish everywhere. D. Feed cats in the right place. 4. How can you volunteer to help people in need? A. By visiting homes for old people and talking with them. B. By shouting at people asking for help. C. By refusing to raise money or things. D. By staying at home and doing nothing. 5. Which is the way to find more information about volunteering? A. To ask your teacher. B. To call the school office. C. To visit volunteer websites. D. To email your application. Passage 11 （福建南平市2025-2026学年第二学期高一年级综合练习（一）英语试题） Rainforest species in Puerto Rico are facing growing threats. Hurricanes have damaged forests, while climate change and deforestation (砍伐森林) are changing the places where birds, frogs and other animals live. As some protected areas become less suitable for wildlife, scientists are looking for better ways to monitor and protect endangered species. Now, artificial intelligence may offer new hope. Researchers from Rainforest Connection, an environmental nonprofit, and Google.org have found a way to use AI to study rainforest sounds. They believe it can help scientists understand where animals live, how they behave and what kinds of protection they need. The method is based on bioacoustics (生物声学). “Guardians”, recorders created by the researchers, are placed on the top of trees. These recorders pick up forest sounds 24 hours a day and connect to a satellite network and Global System for Mobile Communications network that allows for the broadcast of the sounds in real-time. Other basic recorders are placed beneath the treetops gather “in-between data”. The large amount of data is then sent to Arbimom, which analyzes it to determine insights about the behavior of the species. This technology has already helped wildlife protection workers choose suitable areas to rewild Puerto Rican parrots, an endangered species with fewer than 700 individuals left. It can also help detect (查明) harmful non-native species by recognizing unusual sound patterns in the forest. Bioacoustics itself is not new. In the past, biologists had to go into the forest with large recording equipment and then spend a long time studying short pieces of sound. With AI, however, scientists can now analyze huge numbers of recordings much faster. This makes it possible to use the method in many different forests around the world. By listening carefully to nature with the help of AI, scientists may be able to protect biodiversity in a smarter and more responsible way. 32. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. A view on protected areas. B. A description of endangered wildlife. C. The damage caused by hurricanes. D. The challenges facing rainforest species. 33. What’s the function of “guardians”? A. Analysing sound data. B. Recording human impacts. C. Collecting forest sounds. D. Tracking animal movements. 34. What would benefit from this technology? A. Mapping soil makeup. B. Detecting illegal tree cutting. C. Predicting hurricane paths. D. Recognizing climate patterns. 35. What can be the best title for the text? A. Puerto Rican Parrots Return to the Wild B. AI Helps Scientists Listen to Rainforests C. Hurricanes: A Threat to Rainforest Species D. Bioacoustics: A New Science of Animal Care $ Unit 5 Humans and Nature人与自然 单元阅读精练 Living in Harmony With Mothernature Upon embarking on thinking over the relationship between mankind and nature, teenagers are confronted with an array of tough ecological challenges. Many youngsters harbour the delusion that human beings are superior to nature and can exploit natural resources without limits. They squander precious natural resources in daily life, yet they ignore the hidden risks brought by overexploitation. Nevertheless, numerous environmentalists serve as an illuminating paradigm for teenagers. They are fully aware that human survival heavily relies on a healthy ecosystem. Whenever they encounter ecological crises, they refuse to turn a blind eye to environmental damage. Instead of harbouring empty fantasies of conquering nature, they draft elaborate practical agendas in advance and strive for minor but ecofriendly goals step by step. They are convinced that human power is not unlimited; every small green deed can produce tangible positive effects. Boiling down to its essence, harmonious coexistence between humans and nature is never a oneoff miracle, but the cumulative outcome of consistent public awareness and joint efforts. Experts also point out that individual devotion alone cannot settle severe ecological troubles. Joint efforts of governments, communities and ordinary citizens play a vital role. No single group can accomplish the complicated mission of ecological protection in complete isolation. It is scientific policies, persistent green awareness and effective cooperation that empower human beings to tackle multifarious environmental adversities. Only by acting green in daily routines and bravely rising to ecorelated challenges can we embrace sustainable development rather than merely dreaming of a perfect natural world. 【译文欣赏】 与大自然和谐共生 当开始思考人与自然的关系时，青少年面临一系列严峻的生态挑战。很多年轻人怀有一种错觉：人类高于自然，可以无节制地开采自然资源。他们在日常生活中挥霍宝贵的自然资源，却忽视过度开发背后潜藏的风险。 然而，无数环保工作者为青少年树立了极具启发性的榜样。他们充分意识到人类的生存高度依赖健康的生态系统。每当遭遇生态危机，他们不会对环境破坏视而不见。他们不怀揣征服自然的空洞幻想，而是提前制定详尽可行的计划，一步一步追求微小但环保的目标。他们坚信人类的力量并非无限；每一件小小的绿色行动都能带来实实在在的积极影响。归根结底，人与自然的和谐共生从来都不是一次性的奇迹，而是公众环保意识提升与多方共同努力日积月累的结果。 专家同时指出，单凭个人投入无法解决严峻的生态难题。政府、社区与普通公民的共同努力起到至关重要的作用。没有任何一个群体能够独自完成生态保护这项复杂使命。正是科学的政策、持久的绿色环保意识以及高效协作，赋予人类力量去应对各式各样的环境困境。只有在日常生活践行绿色行为，勇敢迎接生态相关的各类挑战，我们才能实现可持续发展，而不是仅仅幻想一个完美的自然世界。 【词汇积累】课标内 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ecology n. 生态；生态学 exploit vt. 开采；开发 survival n. 生存 ecosystem n. 生态系统 conquer vt. 征服 deed n. 行为；行动 sustainable adj. 可持续的 joint adj. 共同的 mission n. 使命；任务 tackle vt. 处理，应对 awareness n. 意识 isolation n. 孤立；隔绝 【词汇积累】超纲词汇 1. 2. embark /ɪmˈbɑːk/v. 着手，开启（embark on） 3. array /əˈreɪ/n. 一系列，大批 4. delusion /dɪˈluːʒn/n. 错觉，错误想法 5. squander /ˈskwɒndə(r)/v. 挥霍，浪费（资源） 6. illuminating /ɪˈluːmɪneɪtɪŋ/adj. 富有启发性的 7. paradigm /ˈpærədaɪm/n. 榜样，范例 8. overexploitation /ˌəʊvər ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/n. 过度开采 9. tangible /ˈtændʒəbl/adj. 实实在在的 10. cumulative /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/adj. 累积的 11. multifarious /ˌmʌltɪˈfeəriəs/adj. 各种各样的 12. adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/n. 困境，磨难 【长难句精讲】 句 1 Upon embarking on thinking over the relationship between mankind and nature, teenagers are confronted with an array of tough ecological challenges. Many youngsters harbour the delusion that human beings are superior to nature and can exploit natural resources without limits. 1. 抓标志：upon doing 作时间状语；that 引导同位语从句，解释抽象名词 delusion 2. 句子结构：upon + 动名词作时间状语 + 主句；主句 + that 同位语从句 3. 翻译：当开始思考人与自然的关系时，青少年面临一系列严峻的生态挑战。很多年轻人怀有一种错觉：人类高于自然，可以无节制地开采自然资源。 4. 考点解析：upon doing = when sb. does sth；an array of 一系列；harbour the delusion that 心怀…… 的错觉；be superior to 优于，比…… 高级；that 引导同位语从句，不作从句成分。 句 2 They are convinced that human power is not unlimited; every small green deed can produce tangible positive effects. Boiling down to its essence, harmonious coexistence between humans and nature is never a oneoff miracle, but the cumulative outcome of consistent public awareness and joint efforts. 1. 抓标志：that 引导宾语从句；分号并列分句；现在分词短语Boiling down to its essence作评注性状语；never…but… 不是…… 而是…… 2. 句子结构：主句 + that 宾语从句；分号并列句；现在分词作状语；never…but… 对比结构 3. 翻译：他们坚信人类的力量并非无限；每一件小小的绿色行动都能带来实实在在的积极影响。归根结底，人与自然的和谐共生从来都不是一次性的奇迹，而是公众环保意识提升与多方共同努力日积月累的结果。 4. 考点解析：be convinced that 坚信；boil down to its essence 归根结底；never…but… 否定前者、肯定后者；cumulative outcome 日积月累的结果。 句 3 Only by acting green in daily routines and bravely rising to ecorelated challenges can we embrace sustainable development rather than merely dreaming of a perfect natural world. 1. 抓标志：Only + 介词短语置于句首，主句部分倒装；rather than 对比结构 2. 句子结构：Only + 方式状语 + 倒装主句 + rather than 对比状语 3. 翻译：只有在日常生活践行绿色行为，勇敢迎接生态相关的各类挑战，我们才能实现可持续发展，而不是仅仅幻想一个完美的自然世界。 4. 考点解析：act green 践行绿色环保行为；rise to challenges 迎接挑战；only + 状语放句首主句部分倒装；rather than 而不是。 【考题】 1. What false idea do many youngsters hold according to Paragraph1? A. Humans are superior to nature and can exploit resources limitlessly. B. Small green actions can bring positive influence to ecosystem. C. Human survival depends heavily on the healthy nature. D. Environmental protection calls for joint work of all people. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。定位原文第一段 Many youngsters harbour the delusion that human beings are superior to nature and can exploit natural resources without limits. delusion 对应题干 false idea。B、C、D 是文中作者支持的正确观点，不是年轻人的错误认知。 2. The phrase “boiling down to its essence” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. To give practical examples B. To sum up fundamentally C. To carry out strict surveys D. To give up completely 【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。boil down to its essence “归根结底”，后文对人与自然和谐共生的本质做总结。A 举实例；C 开展严格调查；D 完全放弃，均不符合语境。 3. We can infer from Paragraph 23 that ______. A. Individual small green deeds are totally useless for ecological protection B. Human beings can settle all environmental problems completely on their own C. Sustainable development requires small green acts as well as joint cooperation D. We should totally rely on governments to finish environmental missions 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。二三段说明：个人微小环保行动有意义，同时也需要多方共同协作，才能实现可持续发展。A totally useless 绝对化，与原文相悖；B、D 与原文 “Individual devotion alone cannot settle severe ecological troubles” 矛盾。 4. What is the main theme of the whole passage? A. Human beings can conquer nature with unlimited power. B. Harmony between humans and nature needs small deeds plus joint efforts. C. Ecological damage can be fixed merely through big oneoff projects. D. Environmentalists alone can solve all ecological problems. 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。全文论述：普通人日常微小环保行动加上多方协作，才能达成人与自然的和谐。A、C、D 都带有 only/all/merely 这类绝对词，与文章观点冲突。 【解题技巧】 推理判断题 —— 所需阅读技能拆解 一、题型定位 推理判断题不考原文原句简单复述，侧重挖掘字里行间隐含信息：作者态度、因果逻辑、深层启示。 常见子题型：隐含含义推断、观点态度推断、写作目的、预测下文。 命题高频位置：转折处、长难句、人物错误观点、首尾主旨段落。 二、学生必须具备的 4 项核心阅读技能 技能 1：字面信息抓取能力（推理的基础） 1. 快速定位题干对应的原文区域，读懂表层含义； 2. 标记名词、动词、转折词、否定词、态度形容词； 3. 区分文中某些人的错误看法 VS 作者真正的观点。 误区：跳过原文，直接依靠生活常识做题。 技能 2：信息深度挖掘与逻辑推演能力 1. 理清句间逻辑：因果、让步、对比（never…but…）； 2. 从已知细节推导没有直接写明的结论； 3. 警惕三类错误：断章取义、以偏概全、只停留在字面。 技能 3：忠于原文的证据意识（最核心技能） 1. 所有推断必须在文中找到对应证据；选项符合生活常识≠正确答案；原文无依据直接排除。 2. 禁止主观脑补，随意放大原文语义。 技能 4：语篇宏观解读能力 1. 把握整篇文章感情基调：褒扬、批判、客观说理； 2. 分清：文中一部分人的错误幻想 ≠ 作者本人支持的观点（本篇高频考点陷阱）。 三、识别 4 类典型干扰选项 1. 主观臆断：常识说得通，但原文找不到线索支撑。 2. 过度推断：原文客观陈述，选项出现 all /totally/merely /only 等绝对词，大多为错误选项。 3. 照搬原文细节：推理题正确答案不能直接抄写原句；照搬原句一般是细节题选项。 4. 混淆观点主体：把文中年轻人的错误想法当成作者的主张。 四、做题完整思维流程 1. 识别题型（infer /suggest/imply）； 2. 回文定位，抓取线索，分清是谁的观点； 3. 结合上下文逻辑做推导； 4. 排除照搬原文、主观臆断、过度解读； 5. 正确答案特征：原文有据可依，同义转述，属于文本暗含信息。 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 新闻报道 343 介绍了中国云南出土的一批距今5.39亿年的化石 Passage2 语法填空 新闻报道 89 短文介绍了四川省雅江县的一场森林大火被扑灭 Passage3 七选五 说明文 241 主要介绍践行绿色生活的三种方法 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 408 目击者所见、专家解读与郊狼后续消失的情况 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 377 沙尘暴的特征、成因及中国为防治沙漠化所采取的植树造林措施 Passage6 阅读理解 说明文 322 风力助力货轮通过优化路线和航速最大化利用风能 Passage7 阅读理解 应用文 249 讲述戏剧制作存在环保压力及各类绿色可持续改良方案 Passage8 阅读理解 说明文 345 介绍了一种真菌可降解包装 Passage9 阅读理解 说明文 270 说明了土星因宏大明亮的光环被视作最美行星 Passage10 阅读理解 应用文 227 城市生态保护志愿者招募通知 Passage11 阅读理解 说明文 321 介绍了波多黎各雨林物种面临诸多生存威胁 Passage1 （20252026 福建漳州市下学期期末）A major fossil (化石) discovery in southwest China may change the way scientists understand the early history of life on Earth. Researchers from Oxford University and Yunnan University found more than 700 fossils in Yunnan Province, and these fossils suggest that complex (复杂的) animals appeared much earlier than previously believed. The fossils date back about 539 million years, near the end of the Ediacaran period. For a long time, scientists thought that during this period, most living things in the oceans were simple and strange-looking. Truly complex animals were believed to have appeared later, during the “Cambrian Explosion (爆炸).” However, the new fossils show that some animals had already developed more advanced features several million years earlier. One of the most important findings is that some of these early animals seem to have had a symmetric feature, which means the left and right sides of their bodies were similar. This body plan is common in most animals today, including humans. Before this discovery, scientists had only seen traces of such creatures, such as tracks or marks, but not the actual bodies themselves. Now, for the first time, they may have direct fossil evidence of these early complex animals. The discovery may also help settle a long-running debate in paleontology (古生物学). The evolution (进化) of major animal groups occurred earlier than fossil records showed, as genetic (基因的) studies had suggested. This disagreement was sometimes described as a debate between “rocks” and “clocks” — fossils on one side and genetic evidence on the other. The new fossils suggest that the two may actually be closer in agreement than scientists once thought. Researchers say this finding is important not only because it changes the timeline of evolution, but also because it raises bigger questions. Scientists now want to understand how and why complex life developed so rapidly. In other words, the discovery does not close the story of evolution — it opens an exciting new page. 28. What was the previous view of complex life? A. It had strange-looking bodies. B. It existed in the Ediacaran period. C. It began during the Cambrian Explosion. D. It developed much earlier than expected. 29. What does the underlined word “symmetric” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Different. B. Unique. C. Balanced. D. Irregular. 30. What’s the significance of the new finding? A. To put forward the timeline of life. B. To challenge genetic analysis of early evolution. C. To raise a heated debate between “rocks” and “clocks”. D. To provide direct body evidence of early complex animals. 31. What might be the focus of future research on complex life? A. To identify more fossil evidence. B. To uncover the truth of its origin. C. To end the discussion on its evolution. D. To explore the mystery of its sharp growth. 【答案】28. C 29. C 30. D 31. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国云南出土的一批距今5.39亿年的化石，该发现推翻了以往科学界的认知，证明复杂动物出现时间早于寒武纪生命大爆发，提供了早期对称动物实体化石，调和了化石证据与基因研究的分歧，同时引出了关于复杂生命快速演化的新研究方向。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Truly complex animals were believed to have appeared later, during the “Cambrian Explosion.”(人们曾认为真正复杂的动物是在之后的 “寒武纪生命大爆发” 时期才出现的。)”可知，过去人们认为复杂生命起源于寒武纪生命大爆发。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“which means the left and right sides of their bodies were similar.(这意味着它们身体的左右两侧是相似的。)”可知，它们身体的左右两侧相似，由此可知，symmetric指身体左右均衡对称，对应单词balanced。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Before this discovery, scientists had only seen traces of such creatures, such as tracks or marks, but not the actual bodies themselves. Now, for the first time, they may have direct fossil evidence of these early complex animals.(在此发现之前，科学家只见过这类生物的痕迹，比如足迹或印记，从未见过实体本体。如今，他们首次拥有了这些早期复杂动物的直接化石证据。)”可知，这项新发现的重大意义是提供了早期复杂动物的实体直接证据。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Scientists now want to understand how and why complex life developed so rapidly.(如今科学家想要弄清楚复杂生命为何、如何演化得如此迅速。)”可知，未来研究重点是探究复杂生命快速演化的奥秘。 Passage2 （20232024 北京顺义区高一下期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Thanks to the great efforts of 1,259 workers, a forest fire in Yajiang County (县) in Sichuan Province was put out ___8___ March 17. The fire broke out two days ago. Due to sudden strong winds, it soon spread to a larger area and ___9___ (cause) a lot of smoke. Firefighters and other rescue workers ___10___ (quick) joined the rescue operation. With efforts from all parties, 3,396 people from 11 villages have moved to safe places. There have been no reports of deaths, according to local authorities. 【答案】8. on 9. caused 10. quickly 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了四川省雅江县的一场森林大火被扑灭。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：3月17日，多亏1259名工人的巨大努力，四川省雅江县的一场森林大火被扑灭。在具体的某一天用介词on。故填on。 【9题详解】 考查时态。句意：由于突然刮起的强风，火势很快蔓延到更大的区域，并造成大量烟雾。空处与spread并列，为谓语动词，根据句中spread可知，句子表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填caused。 【10题详解】 考查副词。句意：消防员和其他救援人员迅速加入了救援行动。空处修饰动词joined，应用副词quickly作状语。故填quickly。 Passage 3 （四川省南充市嘉陵第一中学2025-2026学年高一下第三次调研）How green are you? Do you know how to be green? We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. ____36____ Reduce Reduce means “use less”. ____37____ This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think whether it’s really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good. When we buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad. Reuse Reuse means “use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should look after them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. ____38____ It’s better to use a china (瓷器) cup and a lunch box because you can use them again. Recycle ____39____ Though it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighborhood and take part in recycling programs. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees. ____40____ A. Don’t waste things. B. Here is some advice for you. C. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. D. It’s important for us to know how to be a green person. E. Recycle means “change things into something else”. F. We are different in some ways, but all living things are connected. G. So please remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. E 40. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍践行绿色生活的三种方法，即减少消耗、重复利用和循环回收，助力保护环境。 【36题详解】 根据空前“In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. (事实上，即便是最简单的日常活动，也能对环境产生实实在在的影响。)”以及下文的“Reduce(减少消耗)”、“Reuse(重复利用)”和“Recycle(循环回收)”三个具体方法可知，此空应引出下文的环保建议，B选项“Here is some advice for you. (这里有一些建议给你。)”起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选B项。 【37题详解】 根据空前“Reduce means “use less”. (减少消耗的意思是“少用一些”。)”以及空后“This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think whether it’s really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good. (这能省钱，还能减少排入环境的污染物和废弃物。在买新东西之前，先想想它是不是真的有必要，或许旧的还能用。)”可知，此空应承接前文，强调减少消耗的核心是不浪费东西，A选项“Don’t waste things. (不要浪费东西。)”与后文的具体做法相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 【38题详解】 根据空前“We should look after them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. (我们应该好好爱惜物品，延长它们的使用寿命，能修的就修，而不是直接扔掉买新的。)”以及空后“It’s better to use a china (瓷器) cup and a lunch box because you can use them again. (最好用瓷杯和饭盒，因为可以反复使用。)”可知，此空应列举不建议使用的一次性物品，C选项“Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. (不要使用纸杯或纸袋。)”与后文的可重复使用物品形成对比，符合语境。故选C项。 【39题详解】 根据空前的小标题“Recycle (循环回收)”以及空后“Though it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them. (虽然把一样东西变成另一样东西需要消耗能源，但这比扔掉或烧掉它们要好得多。)”可知，此空应解释“循环回收”的定义，E选项“Recycle means “change things into something else”. (循环回收的意思是“把东西变成别的东西”。)”承接前文的小标题，且与后文的内容相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 【40题详解】 分析语篇可知，此空应是全文的总结句，概括前文提到的三种环保方法。前文分别介绍了Reduce、Reuse和Recycle三个绿色生活的方法，G选项“So please remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle. (所以请记住这三个词：减少消耗、重复利用、循环回收。)”对全文内容进行了总结，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 4 （天津市南开区2025-2026学年下学期期末高一英语试题）A lone coyote (郊狼) shocked biologists and others when it paddled (涉水) its way to remote Alcatraz Island earlier this year. At the time, biologists guessed the coyote swam from San Francisco, which is a little over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) from Alcatraz Island. But it turns out the male coyote actually made an even longer swim from nearby Angel Island, 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) away. “Our working assumption (假设) was that the coyote made the swim from San Francisco because it is a significantly shorter distance. We couldn’t help being impressed by his accomplishment in making it to Alcatraz,” National Park Service wildlife ecologist Bill Merkle said in a news release Monday titled “Alcatraz Coyote Wasn’t a City Boy After All.” “Coyotes are known to be resilient (有承受力的) and adaptable, and he certainly demonstrated those qualities,” he said. Camilla Fox, founder and executive director of nonprofit Project Coyote, said the coyote likely departed its home base in search of a mate or new territory to defend. She said coyotes, like wolves, do swim, although it’s incredibly rare for humans to spot one doing so. “We have never, ever heard such a story of a coyote making such a long journey in a pretty challenging ocean current,” she said. Video from early January shows the coyote paddling in the chilly San Francisco Bay and then struggling to get onto the rocky island. It was followed by a Jan. 24 visitor sighting and photographs by Rebecca Husson, who was in town for a cousin’s wedding. She and her family were surprised to spot the coyote on their morning tour of Alcatraz Island. “He looked like a drowned rat when he ended up on the island, and when we saw him he looked healthy and so beautiful. He looked like he had been eating well,” she told The Associated Press on Tuesday. Biologists found fresh coyote tracks and scat (粪便), which they sent to the University of California, Davis, for DNA analysis. Officials were shocked to learn the swimmer was part of the coyote population on Angel Island. The park service was prepared to capture and relocate the coyote because of Alcatraz’s role as a seabird nesting habitat. But he has never again been spotted or caught on recording devices and there is no evidence the coyote is still on the island. 41. What was biologists’ initial assumption about the coyote’s origin before DNA analysis? A. It swam from Angel Island, 2 miles away. B. It came from a nearby seabird nesting habitat. C. It swam from San Francisco, 1.2 miles away. D. It was originally from a university research center. 42. What can we infer about this long-distance swimming behavior of the coyote? A. It is quite common among wild coyotes. B. It is seldom seen and extremely unusual. C. Coyotes only do it to look for enough food. D. Most coyotes are unable to finish it. 43. What can be inferred from Rebecca Husson’s description of the coyote? A. The coyote looked unhealthy and had difficulty finding food. B. The coyote left the island shortly after being photographed. C. The coyote was originally a pet that escaped from the city. D. The coyote had adapted well after arriving on the island. 44. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To warn visitors about coyotes on Alcatraz Island. B. To describe a surprising discovery about a coyote’s journey. C. To compare coyote behavior with that of wolves. D. To advertise Alcatraz Island as a wildlife tourism spot. 45. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Measures were planned for the coyote but it disappeared. B. Scientists studied coyote tracks to know its diet. C. Alcatraz Island is a perfect home for seabirds. D. People found many clear photos of the coyote later. 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述一只郊狼横渡海湾抵达恶魔岛，生物学家最初猜测它来自旧金山，DNA检测证实它来自更远的天使岛；文中记录目击者所见、专家解读，以及公园部门的应对计划与郊狼后续消失的情况。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“At the time, biologists guessed the coyote swam from San Francisco, which is a little over 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) from Alcatraz Island.(当时，生物学家猜测这只郊狼从旧金山游来，旧金山距离恶魔岛略超1英里（1.6千米）)”以及第三段“Our working assumption (假设) was that the coyote made the swim from San Francisco(我们的初步假设是这只郊狼从旧金山游过来)”可知，DNA检测前，专家最初认为郊狼来自旧金山。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“She said coyotes, like wolves, do swim, although it’s incredibly rare for humans to spot one doing so(她说郊狼和狼一样具备游泳能力，只是人类极少能观测到它们游泳)”和第六段“We have never, ever heard such a story of a coyote making such a long journey in a pretty challenging ocean current(我们从未听闻过郊狼在极具挑战性的洋流中完成如此长距离迁徙的事例)”可知，郊狼长距离游泳的行为十分罕见、特殊。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第九段“He looked like a drowned rat when he ended up on the island, and when we saw him he looked healthy and so beautiful. He looked like he had been eating well.(它刚抵达岛上时浑身湿透、狼狈不堪，而我们见到它时，它体态健康、状态良好，看起来进食状况良好)”可知，这只郊狼登岛后适应良好。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。全文围绕一只郊狼横渡大海抵达恶魔岛这件令人意外的事展开，介绍路线猜测、目击者记录、专家分析，核心是描述一个关于郊狼迁徙的惊人发现。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The park service was prepared to capture and relocate the coyote because of Alcatraz’s role as a seabird nesting habitat. But he has never again been spotted or caught on recording devices and there is no evidence the coyote is still on the island.(由于恶魔岛是海鸟的栖息地，公园管理部门原本准备捕捉并转移这只郊狼。但此后再也无人发现它的踪迹，监控设备也未拍到它，没有证据表明这只郊狼仍留在岛上)”可知，本段主要说明相关应对措施早已备好，但郊狼已经消失。 Passage 5 （天津市南开区2025-2026学年下学期期末高一英语试题）Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it. Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes (沙丘). The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert. “To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said. “There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in. You just had to hope you’d survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.” Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass. Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see. The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It’s difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you’d better wear a mask.” The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years. 46. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Ren Jianbo’s childhood experience in Paragraph 2? A. To show how sandstorms affect traffic in cities. B. To explain the scientific causes of desertification. C. To illustrate the terrifying and dangerous nature of sandstorms. D. To compare sandstorms in China with those in Australia. 47. According to the passage, what has led to the increase of sandstorms in China in recent years? A. Stronger winds blowing from Central Africa. B. Climate changes and human activities like cutting trees. C. The government’s decision to plant more trees. D. The movement of sand dunes toward northwest China. 48. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4 about the impact of sandstorms on Beijing? A. They turn the sky orange but do not bring dust. B. They arrive only in the morning and disappear by noon. C. They rarely affect the daily lives of Beijing citizens. D. They cause traffic to move slowly due to poor visibility. 49. When a sandstorm arrives in Beijing, weather experts suggest that people ______. A. ride bicycles carefully with masks on B. stay indoors and avoid going outside C. plant more trees to block the dust D. move to the desert areas for safety 50. What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A. To warn readers about the dangers of desertification. B. To criticize the government for not doing enough. C. To describe how the government is trying to stop the desert. D. To compare Beijing’s weather with Inner Mongolia’s. 【答案】46. C 47. B 48. D 49. B 50. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了沙尘暴的特征、危害、成因及中国政府为防治沙漠化所采取的植树造林措施。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert. “To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said. “There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in.(来自内蒙古的任建波描述了他童年时在沙漠中经历的一场可怕沙尘暴。“被困在沙尘暴中是一次极其恐怖的经历，”他说，“当时无能为力，是我经历过最可怕、最危险的情况。”)”可知，作者提及Ren Jianbo的童年经历是为了体现沙尘暴的恐怖与危险性。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.(近年来中国的沙尘暴似乎因“荒漠化”而增加。这是土地因气候变化以及人们砍伐树木、挖掉草皮而变成沙漠的过程)”可知，气候变化和人类砍伐树木等活动导致了近年沙尘暴增多。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.(沙尘暴有时会影响北京。市民醒来时，天空呈橙色，强风将城市笼罩在厚厚的棕黄色尘埃中。这些风暴有时会持续一整天，由于浓重的灰尘导致视线模糊，交通出行速度非常缓慢)”可推知，沙尘暴导致北京能见度低，进而造成交通缓行。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out.(当沙尘暴抵达城市时，气象专家建议人们不要外出)”可知，沙尘暴来袭时专家建议民众留在室内、避免外出。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.(为阻止沙漠逼近，政府正在植树。政府目前已种植超过300亿棵树，并计划在未来五年继续植树)”可知，末段旨在说明政府为阻挡沙漠推进所采取的措施。 Passage 6 （河北承德市2025-2026学年高一下学期期末英语试题）The shipping industry is responsible for around 3 percent of carbon dioxide emissions. However, if wind-assisted cargo (货物) ships chose routes based entirely on where the winds are better, their fuel use could be significantly reduced or even completely eliminated. There is growing interest among shipping companies in exploiting wind power to cut costs. Some are building ships with conventional sails from the beginning, while others are adding automated sails to existing ships. Currently, some wind-assisted ships are still operated like conventional ones, taking a direct route at a set speed. To explore what could be achieved if routes and speeds were varied to optimize (使最优化) the wind boost, Thorben Schwedt at the German Aerospace Center and his colleagues set out to investigate. The team also assumed that ships could generate and store hydrogen (氢). When winds are very strong, some of the energy is used to generate hydrogen via electricity-generating turbines underneath a ship. This hydrogen can then power engines when the winds are low. The researchers took data on historical weather in the Atlantic Ocean over one year and used a computer model to work out optimal routes. “The ships go completely wild routes,” says Schwedt. On average, the energy consumption of ships taking the optimal routes would be 75 percent lower than those taking direct routes. “Sometimes taking really big detours that you couldn’t think would work out,” says Schwedt. “With this approach, we managed to get energy savings from 50 to 100 percent.” However, Tristan Smith at University College London points out that such high energy saving is only theoretically possible. “This very much depends on what average voyage speed you are targeting, which is set by the economics of a ship’s operation,” says Smith. “In our experience, the savings are significantly lower for most ships.” 12. What does the underlined word “exploiting” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Running out of. B. Making light of. C. Keeping track of. D. Taking advantage of. 13. Why did some ships follow completely wild routes according to the study? A. To shorten the sailing distance. B. To increase hydrogen production. C. To achieve greater energy savings. D. To avoid severe weather conditions. 14. What do Tristan Smith’s words imply? A. Real-world saving effects can be quite limited. B. Theoretical savings match practical operations. C. Wind cargo ships are economically impossible. D. Shipping efficiency relies heavily on target speed. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Cargo Ships Should Depend on Wind Energy B. Historical Weather Could Guide Modern Ships C. Wind Power Could Make Cargo Shipping Green D. Top Companies Should Lead the Wind Industry 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了随着航运公司越来越对利用风能降低成本感兴趣，一项研究发现，风力助力货轮通过优化路线和航速最大化利用风能，可大幅降低能耗，但业内专家指出该高节能效果目前仅存在于理论层面，实际应用中的节能效果会大打折扣。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“However, if wind-assisted cargo (货物) ships chose routes based entirely on where the winds are better, their fuel use could be significantly reduced or even completely eliminated.(然而，如果风力助力货船完全根据风力更优的区域选择航线，它们的燃料消耗就能大幅降低，甚至可以完全省去燃料)”以及第二段“There is growing interest among shipping companies in exploiting wind power to cut costs.(航运公司对exploiting风能来降低成本的兴趣越来越浓厚)”可知，风力助力航行可以降低燃料消耗、减少成本，因此航运公司想要利用风能实现降本，“exploiting”意思是“利用”，和Taking advantage of(利用)含义一致。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段““The ships go completely wild routes,” says Schwedt. On average, the energy consumption of ships taking the optimal routes would be 75 percent lower than those taking direct routes...“With this approach, we managed to get energy savings from 50 to 100 percent.”(“船舶会走完全非常规的路线。”Schwedt说。走最优路线的船，平均能耗比走直线路线的船低75%……“通过这种方法，我们成功实现了50%到100%的节能”)”可知，船舶走非常规路线是为了最大化利用风能，实现更高程度的节能。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, Tristan Smith at University College London points out that such high energy saving is only theoretically possible. “This very much depends on what average voyage speed you are targeting, which is set by the economics of a ship’s operation,” says Smith. “In our experience, the savings are significantly lower for most ships.”(然而，伦敦大学学院的Tristan Smith指出，这么高的节能仅在理论上可行。Smith说：“这很大程度上取决于你目标的平均航行速度，而航行速度是由船舶运营的经济效益决定的。根据我们的经验，对大多数船舶来说，实际节能幅度要低得多”)”可知，Tristan Smith的话暗示现实世界中的实际节能效果是十分有限的。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，首段“However, if wind-assisted cargo (货物) ships chose routes based entirely on where the winds are better, their fuel use could be significantly reduced or even completely eliminated.(然而，如果风力助力货船完全根据风力更优的区域选择航线，它们的燃料消耗就能大幅降低，甚至可以完全省去燃料)”引出利用风能可以大幅降低燃料消耗，进而介绍了一项研究证明优化路线后能实现高效节能，最后专家指出理论的高节能在实际中很难实现。本文围绕风力助力货轮航运展开，核心内容是风能可以减少货轮航运的碳排放，让航运更环保。因此“Wind Power Could Make Cargo Shipping Green(风能可以让货轮航运更环保)”最适合作为标题。 Passage 7 （辽宁大连市2025-2026学年度第二学期期末考试高一英语试题）Designing and performing theatrical productions leaves a notable environmental footprint. Here’s a breakdown of the energy consumption and waste generation in 2023 across different stages of a typical play’s production cycle. Making theater more sustainable isn’t just about cutting energy use — it’s also about reimagining production supplies. While no universal “eco-theater” solution exists, a range of green alternatives are emerging. SET MATERIALS Reclaimed wood and modular props (模块化道具). Sourced from recycled construction waste or reusable parts, they cut down on post-show set waste. COSTUMES Upcycled clothing. Repurposed from secondhand stores or old fabrics, they avoid the environmental cost of manufacturing new costumes and lower textile waste. LIGHTING LED stage lights. Using 75% less energy than traditional stage lights and lasting longer, they reduce both energy consumption and replacement waste. PROPS Biodegradable (可生物降解的) accessories. Made from materials like paper, bamboo, or natural fibers, they decompose easily after use, avoiding long-term landfill pollution. This shift toward sustainable theater is global, and the extent of transformation is “unlike anything we’ve seen before,” says Liam Carter, a renowned theater director. It’s estimated that the number of annual theatrical performances worldwide will increase by 40% by 2040, putting even more pressure on resources. However, experts believe that circular production models and material innovation can drive meaningful progress, keeping pace with the sweeping trend of energy conservation and emission reduction. “The future of theater is restorative and regenerative by design,” says Carter. 1. Which stage caused the most energy and waste in 2023? A. Set design and construction. B. Lighting and sound operations. C. Costume maintenance and storage. D. Transportation of props and costumes. 2. What do the four alternatives have in common? A. They require new energy. B. They use recycled materials. C. They avoid long-term pollution. D. They target fewer environmental impacts. 3. What does Carter stress regarding the future of theater? A. Sustainable and renewable. B. Wasteful and limited. C. Traditional and productive. D. Profitable and popular. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述戏剧制作存在环保压力及各类绿色可持续改良方案。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据图表柱状高度，“Lighting and sound operations(灯光与音响运行)”占比最高，以及第一段 “Here’s a breakdown of the energy consumption and waste generation in 2023 across different stages of a typical play’s production cycle.(下图拆解了2023年一台常规戏剧制作全流程各环节的能耗与废弃物产生情况。)” 可知，灯光音响环节能耗废弃物最多。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据SET MATERIALS部分“Reclaimed wood and modular props (模块化道具). Sourced from recycled construction waste or reusable parts, they cut down on post-show set waste.(回收木材与模块化道具，取材于建筑垃圾或可重复利用构件，能减少演出后的舞台布景垃圾。)”、COSTUMES部分“Upcycled clothing. Repurposed from secondhand stores or old fabrics, they avoid the environmental cost of manufacturing new costumes and lower textile waste.(升级改造旧服饰，改造二手衣物或旧面料，省去制作新戏服的环境成本，减少纺织废料。)”、LIGHTING部分“LED stage lights. Using 75% less energy than traditional stage lights and lasting longer, they reduce both energy consumption and replacement waste.(LED 舞台灯，相比传统灯具节能75%、使用寿命更长，同时降低能耗与更换产生的废弃物。)”、PROPS部分“Biodegradable (可生物降解的) accessories. Made from materials like paper, bamboo, or natural fibers, they decompose easily after use, avoiding long-term landfill pollution.(可降解道具配饰，用纸、竹子、天然纤维制成，使用后易分解，避免长期填埋污染。)”可知，四项举措均是为降低环境负面影响。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The future of theater is restorative and regenerative by design,(戏剧的未来从设计层面就具备修复环境、循环再生的特质。)”可知，Carter强调戏剧的未来是可持续和可再生的。 Passage 8 （辽宁大连市2025-2026学年度第二学期期末考试高一英语试题）Every year, over 14 million tons of plastic waste end up in the world’s oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme. This waste kills millions of marine animals each year, pollutes fragile coastal ecosystems, and breaks down into microplastics that enter the food chain and reach the human body. Most of this plastic comes from single-use packaging, designed for days of use but able to persist in oceans for hundreds of years. Now, scientists and startups worldwide are turning to an unlikely solution to this global crisis: fungi. At the heart of this innovation is mycelium (菌丝体), the root-like structure of fungi. Made of tiny thread-like filaments, mycelium grows by feeding on organic matter, binding into a strong, flexible, fully biodegradable material. To make fungal packaging, manufacturers use agricultural waste (wheat straw, rice husks, sawdust) as a growth medium, mix it with mycelium spores, place it into molds, and let it grow in a controlled environment for 5-7 days. It is then heat-treated to stop growth, forming a lightweight, durable packaging made without harmful chemicals, high temperatures or massive energy input. Unlike plastic that never fully breaks down, fungal packaging is 100% biodegradable. It decomposes in soil in 30 days, and most importantly, fully breaks down in seawater within 3-6 months, leaving no microplastics or toxic residues. This makes it an ideal replacement for plastic packaging used to transport seafood, cosmetics and electronics, major contributors to marine plastic pollution. Major companies worldwide are adopting the technology. A Dutch startup FungiPack uses it for seafood shipping, while Chinese firm MycoGreen produces it for electronics, reporting a 70% reduction in carbon emissions compared to plastic production. It still faces challenges: higher cost than mass-produced plastic, and poor water resistance. But with ongoing optimization, it will soon become a viable alternative to most ocean-bound plastic. “Plastic was a miracle invention, but we forgot to design materials for the end of their life,” says Dr. Jane Zhao, a Tsinghua University materials scientist. “Mycelium works with nature, not against it. That’s the future of sustainable packaging.” 8. What is the biggest advantage of fungal packaging over traditional plastic? A. It is cheaper to mass-produce. B. It can be reused many times. C. It can fully degrade in seawater. D. It has a longer service life in wet areas. 9. What can we infer about the production of fungal packaging? A. It has a lower carbon footprint than plastic. B. It depends on high-quality farmland. C. It requires a lot of fresh water and heat. D. It is more complex than plastic production. 10. What does the underlined word “viable” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Rare and valuable. B. Cheap and abundant. C. Complex and advanced. D. Practical and functional. 11. What is Dr. Zhao’s attitude towards mycelium packaging technology? A. Neutral. B. Doubtful. C. Critical. D. Optimistic. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一种真菌可降解包装，这是针对海洋塑料污染的替代方案，它的应用前景乐观。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Unlike plastic that never fully breaks down, fungal packaging is 100% biodegradable. It decomposes in soil in 30 days, and most importantly, fully breaks down in seawater within 3-6 months, leaving no microplastics or toxic residues.(与塑料不同，塑料永远不会完全分解，而真菌包装则是100%可生物降解的。它在土壤中30天内就会分解，更重要的是，在海水中3至6个月内就能完全分解，不会留下微塑料或有毒残留物)”可知，与传统的塑料包装相比，真菌包装的最大优势是它在海水中能够完全分解。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A Dutch startup FungiPack uses it for seafood shipping, while Chinese firm MycoGreen produces it for electronics, reporting a 70% reduction in carbon emissions compared to plastic production.(荷兰的一家初创企业FungiPack将其用于海鲜运输，而中国的企业MycoGreen则将其用于电子产品包装，据称其碳排放量较塑料生产减少了 70%)”可知，真菌包装的碳足迹比塑料要小。故选A。 【10题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“It still faces challenges: higher cost than mass-produced plastic, and poor water resistance. But with ongoing optimization(它仍面临一些挑战：成本高于批量生产的塑料，且防水性能不佳。但随着持续的优化)”及下文“alternative to most ocean-bound plastic(替代大多数可能流入海洋的塑料)”可知，虽然真菌包装面临挑战，但是在优化下，会成为一重实用且功能性强的替代方案。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Dr. Jane Zhao说的话“Mycelium works with nature, not against it. That’s the future of sustainable packaging.(“菌丝体”与自然和谐共存，而非与之对抗。这便是可持续包装的未来发展方向)”可知，赵教授认为菌丝体包装技术的未来是积极的，可观的。故选D。 Passage 9 （湖南省长沙市周南中学2024-2025学年高一上学期入学考试英语试题）Which planet is the most beautiful in our solar system? Many people may answer “Saturn”. Saturn is a funny-looking planet. It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest. According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely. How did Saturn get its rings in the first place? Science has no sure answer. But there is a popular theory: Some small planets ran into each other with Saturn’s moons. Earth has only one moon. But Saturn has at least 60 moons. And this left behind a large amount of ice and rock pieces. These pieces are different in size. Some are as small as a grain of sand. Others are as large as a house. These small pieces began to travel around Saturn. Saturn’s gravity (引力) pulled them toward it. At the same time, the speed of their orbit (轨道) tried to throw them into space. Over time, these pieces of ice and rock formed rings around Saturn. A new study, however, suggests that Saturn’s gravity is winning. About ten tons of “ring matter” is falling into Saturn every second. If this continues, the planet’s ring system will no longer exist in 100 million to 300 million years’ time. According to scientists, Saturn’s rings are between 10 million and 100 million years old. “We’re lucky to be able to see Saturn’s huge ring system.” one of the scientists said. “Some of the planets in our solar system only have very thin rings today. Perhaps we just missed seeing their huge ring systems!” 6. Why is Saturn the most beautiful? A. Because it has huge bright rings. B. Because it is shining most strongly. C. Because it is especially studied by scientists. D. Because it has the biggest size in the solar system. 7. What do the rings of Saturn consist of? A. Sand and rock. B. Small moons. C. Ice and rock. D. Small planets. 8. What does the underlined sentence mean? A. The gravity of Saturn is disappearing. B. The ring matter is being thrown into space. C. The speed of the ring matter is slowing down. D. The ring matter is gradually becoming part of Saturn. 9. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Every planet has a ring system. B. Some planets used to have huge rings. C. Saturn’s rings are the oldest in the solar system. D. We can luckily see Saturn’s ring system forever. 10. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show how Saturn slowly formed. B. To tell what Saturn’s rings are made up of. C. To describe how scientists study Saturn’s rings. D. To explain why Saturn’s rings are disappearing. 【答案】6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了土星因宏大明亮的光环被视作最美行星。科学界推测光环由冰与岩石碎片构成。受土星引力影响，光环物质不断坠落，上亿年后光环将会彻底消失。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest.(它拥有美丽的光环。在太阳系的所有行星中，土星的光环最大、最明亮)”可知，土星是最美丽的，因为它有巨大而明亮的光环。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“And this left behind a large amount of ice and rock pieces.(这留下了大量的冰块和岩石碎块)”以及第三段“Over time, these pieces of ice and rock formed rings around Saturn.(随着时间的推移，这些冰块和岩石碎块逐渐在土星周围形成了环状结构)”可知，光环由冰和岩石组成。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“About ten tons of “ring matter” is falling into Saturn every second.(大约每秒有十吨“光环物质”正坠入土星)”可知，土星引力占据上风，光环物质不断坠入土星，慢慢成为土星的一部分。故划线句意思是“光环物质正逐渐成为土星的一部分”。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps we just missed seeing their huge ring systems!(也许我们只是没看到它们巨大的环系！)”可知，一些行星曾经拥有巨大的光环。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Which planet is the most beautiful in our solar system? Many people may answer “Saturn”. Saturn is a funny-looking planet. It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest. According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely.(太阳系中最美的行星是哪一个？许多人可能会回答“土星”。土星看起来很有趣，它拥有美丽的光环。在太阳系的所有行星中，土星的光环最大也最亮。然而，科学家认为，这些光环终有一天会完全消失)”并结合全文可知，文章主要说明了土星因宏大明亮的光环被视作最美行星，科学界推测光环由冰与岩石碎片构成，受土星引力影响，光环物质不断坠落，上亿年后光环将会彻底消失。由此可知，文章的主要目的是解释土星环为何正在消失。 Passage 10 （湖南省长沙市周南中学2024-2025学年高一上学期入学考试英语试题）Many schools have clubs for volunteering. Check Garden School’s volunteering for information. ●Protect the environment: You can plant trees, clean up streets and put rubbish in the right places. Make sure to be safe and follow the rules. ●Help in your neighborhood: You can help people who live nearby. Just be respectful of their privacy (隐私). ●Take care of animals: You can feed or care for a cat or a dog without a home. But be careful and stay safe. ●Help in welfare services (福利机构): You can visit homes for old people or people with disabilities (残疾). You can play games or talk with them. ●Join volunteer activities: You can give things to people who need help. You can also join events to raise money for them. How to take part Email your application (申请表) at volunteer school@sina.com or hand it in to Room 202 before May 27th. How to find more information Call Ms. Brown at 33256688 from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays. Other ways to be a volunteer Neighborhood: Your community might have places where you can help, like centers for kids or older people. You can do volunteer activities through these centers. Online: There are websites where you can find volunteer work, such as China Volunteer Service and I Volunteer. 3. What can you do to help the environment according to the passage? A. Paint your house green. B. Plant trees and clean up streets. C. Collect rubbish everywhere. D. Feed cats in the right place. 4. How can you volunteer to help people in need? A. By visiting homes for old people and talking with them. B. By shouting at people asking for help. C. By refusing to raise money or things. D. By staying at home and doing nothing. 5. Which is the way to find more information about volunteering? A. To ask your teacher. B. To call the school office. C. To visit volunteer websites. D. To email your application. 【答案】3. B 4. A 5. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍Garden学校各类志愿活动、报名方式以及获取志愿机会的其他途径。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Protect the environment:部分中“You can plant trees, clean up streets and put rubbish in the right places.(你可以植树、清扫街道并把垃圾放到合适的地方。)”可知，可以植树、清扫街道保护环境。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据Help in welfare services (福利机构):部分中“You can visit homes for old people or people with disabilities (残疾). You can play games or talk with them.(你可以探访养老院或者残疾人之家，和他们玩游戏、聊天。)”可知，可以探访老人并和他们交谈。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据How to find more information部分中“Call Ms. Brown at 33256688 from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays.(工作日上午9点至下午5点，拨打33256688联系布朗女士。)”可知，拨打题干给出的志愿活动咨询电话属于向学校相关负责人员咨询信息，对应拨打学校办公室的选项。 Passage 11 （福建南平市2025-2026学年第二学期高一年级综合练习（一）英语试题） Rainforest species in Puerto Rico are facing growing threats. Hurricanes have damaged forests, while climate change and deforestation (砍伐森林) are changing the places where birds, frogs and other animals live. As some protected areas become less suitable for wildlife, scientists are looking for better ways to monitor and protect endangered species. Now, artificial intelligence may offer new hope. Researchers from Rainforest Connection, an environmental nonprofit, and Google.org have found a way to use AI to study rainforest sounds. They believe it can help scientists understand where animals live, how they behave and what kinds of protection they need. The method is based on bioacoustics (生物声学). “Guardians”, recorders created by the researchers, are placed on the top of trees. These recorders pick up forest sounds 24 hours a day and connect to a satellite network and Global System for Mobile Communications network that allows for the broadcast of the sounds in real-time. Other basic recorders are placed beneath the treetops gather “in-between data”. The large amount of data is then sent to Arbimom, which analyzes it to determine insights about the behavior of the species. This technology has already helped wildlife protection workers choose suitable areas to rewild Puerto Rican parrots, an endangered species with fewer than 700 individuals left. It can also help detect (查明) harmful non-native species by recognizing unusual sound patterns in the forest. Bioacoustics itself is not new. In the past, biologists had to go into the forest with large recording equipment and then spend a long time studying short pieces of sound. With AI, however, scientists can now analyze huge numbers of recordings much faster. This makes it possible to use the method in many different forests around the world. By listening carefully to nature with the help of AI, scientists may be able to protect biodiversity in a smarter and more responsible way. 32. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. A view on protected areas. B. A description of endangered wildlife. C. The damage caused by hurricanes. D. The challenges facing rainforest species. 33. What’s the function of “guardians”? A. Analysing sound data. B. Recording human impacts. C. Collecting forest sounds. D. Tracking animal movements. 34. What would benefit from this technology? A. Mapping soil makeup. B. Detecting illegal tree cutting. C. Predicting hurricane paths. D. Recognizing climate patterns. 35. What can be the best title for the text? A. Puerto Rican Parrots Return to the Wild B. AI Helps Scientists Listen to Rainforests C. Hurricanes: A Threat to Rainforest Species D. Bioacoustics: A New Science of Animal Care 【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了波多黎各雨林物种面临诸多生存威胁，科学家借助人工智能结合生物声学技术，通过采集、分析雨林声音监测野生动物、助力雨林生物多样性保护，凸显了人工智能在自然保护中的重要作用。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“Rainforest species in Puerto Rico are facing growing threats.(波多黎各的雨林物种正面临日益严峻的威胁。)”及后文的具体介绍可知，第一段主要讲述了雨林物种当下面临的各类生存挑战。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第三段““Guardians”, recorders created by the researchers, are placed on the top of trees. These recorders pick up forest sounds 24 hours a day and connect to a satellite network and Global System for Mobile Communications network that allows for the broadcast of the sounds in real-time.(研究人员研发的记录仪“守护者”被安置在树梢上。这些记录仪全天候采集雨林声音，并连接卫星网络和全球移动通信网络，实现声音的实时传输。)”可知，“守护者”的功能是收集雨林声音。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第四段“It can also help detect harmful non-native species by recognizing unusual sound patterns in the forest.(它还可以通过识别森林中异常的声音模式，帮助检测有害的外来物种。)”可推知，该技术可通过识别异常声音监测雨林异常情况，能够助力发现非法伐木等破坏雨林的行为。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据原文第二段“Now, artificial intelligence may offer new hope. Researchers from Rainforest Connection, an environmental nonprofit, and Google.org have found a way to use AI to study rainforest sounds.(如今，人工智能或许带来了新的希望。环保非营利组织雨林联络处与谷歌公益基金的研究人员找到了一种利用人工智能研究雨林声响的方法。)”及全文内容可知，文章围绕人工智能技术展开，介绍其结合生物声学采集分析雨林声音、监测野生动物、保护雨林物种的相关应用，核心是人工智能助力科学家监测、保护雨林，因此本文最佳标题为“人工智能帮助科学家聆听雨林”。 $