2027届高考英语一轮复习学案 人教版选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage（含答案）

2027届高考英语一轮复习 人教版（2019）

选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 一轮复习学案

一、单元核心词汇扩展

1. ________ n. 逆境；不幸  →  ________ adj. 不利的；有害的

2. ________ n. 勇气  →  ________ adj. 勇敢的  →  ________ vt. 鼓励

3. ________ vt.&vi. 忍受；持续  →  ________ n. 忍耐力；耐久性

4. ________ adj. 绝望的；极想要的  →  ________ n. 绝望  →  ________ adv. 拼命地

5. ________ n. 运气；财富  →  ________ adj. 幸运的  →  ________ adv. 幸运地

6. ________ n. 探险；远征  →  联想：________ n. 航行；航海

7. ________ n. 全体船员  →  ________ n. 船员

8. ________ vi. 航行  →  ________ n. 水手  →  ________ n. 航行；帆船运动

9. ________ n. 航行；航海  →  ________ n. 航海者

10. ________ n. 冰  →  ________ adj. 冰冷的；结冰的

11. ________ vi. 破裂  n. 裂缝  →  ________ adj. 破裂的

12. ________ vi. 下沉（过去式 ________）  →  ________ adj. 下沉的

13. ________ vi. 逃跑  n. 逃跑  →  ________ n. 逃亡者

14. ________ n. 营地  vi. 露营  →  ________ n. 露营者

15. ________ n. 定量；配给  →  ________ n. 定量供应

16. ________ n. 风险  vt. 冒……的危险  →  ________ adj. 有风险的

17. ________ adj. 忠诚的  →  ________ n. 忠诚

18. ________ vt. 带领  →  ________ n. 领导者  →  ________ n. 领导才能

19. ________ n. 士气  →  联想：________ n. 精神；情绪

20. ________ vi. 死亡；丧生  →  ________ adj. 易腐烂的

21. ________ adj. 乐观的  →  ________ n. 乐观主义  →  ________ n. 乐观主义者

22. ________ adj. 悲观的  →  ________ n. 悲观主义

23. ________ n. 信任；信仰  →  ________ adj. 忠实的  →  ________ adv. 忠实地

24. ________ adj. 艰难的；坚韧的  →  ________ n. 坚韧；强硬

二、单元重点短语复盘

三、重点词汇精讲

1. endure

endure vt.&vi. 忍受；忍耐；持续    endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久性

教材原句：The men had to endure temperatures of minus forty degrees for months.

Ø endure hardship/pain 忍受艰难/痛苦

Ø endure doing sth 忍受做某事

Ø beyond endurance 无法忍受

Ø endurance n. 耐力；忍耐

拓展练习：

① For nearly five months, the crew ________ (endure) freezing winds, hunger and the constant fear of death.

② It was beyond ________ (endure) to watch the ship sink slowly into the ice, taking with it most of their supplies.

③ The human body can ________ (endure) far more than most people imagine, provided that the mind does not give in.

【应用文句子翻译】

① 正是坚强的意志让他们在极端环境中坚持了下来。

    It was their strong will that enabled them to ________ the extreme conditions.

② 他们忍受着严寒，最终完成了任务。

    ________________________________________________________________________

③ 正是彼此的鼓励支持着队员们熬过了最艰难的日子。

    ________________________________________________________________________

2. desperate

desperate adj. 绝望的；极想要的；拼命的    desperation n. 绝望    desperately adv. 拼命地

教材原句：Desperate for food, the men ate whatever they could find on the ice.

Ø be desperate for 极想得到

Ø be desperate to do 急于做

Ø in desperation 绝望地

Ø a desperate attempt 孤注一掷的尝试

拓展练习：

① ________ (desperate) for fresh water, the survivors melted ice over a small fire they had built from broken wood.

② In ________ (desperate), he threw the last piece of rope towards the man struggling in the waves.

③ The team ________ (desperate) needed medical supplies, yet no ship could reach the island for weeks because of the thick ice.

【应用文句子翻译】

① 他们急需帮助，于是发出了求救信号。

    ________ for help, they sent out a signal for rescue.

② 地震后他们急需食物和药品。

    ________________________________________________________________________

③ 直到食物耗尽，遭遇海难的船员们才陷入绝望。

    ________________________________________________________________________

3. fortune

fortune n. 运气；财富    fortunate adj. 幸运的    fortunately adv. 幸运地

教材原句：Fortunately, none of the men was seriously injured when the ship was crushed by the ice.

Ø make a fortune 发财

Ø be fortunate to do 有幸做

Ø fortunately adv. 幸运地

Ø misfortune n. 不幸

拓展练习：