内容正文:
Unit 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
● 语篇词汇串记
1.candidates 2.enthusiastic 3.down 4.hiding
5.was assigned 6.sank 7.(should) be abandoned 8.off
9.commitment 10.being rescued
● 考点互动探究
单词点睛
❶ ①about ②enthusiasm ③enthusiastically
④enthusiastically/with enthusiasm ⑤are enthusiastic about/have/show enthusiasm for
❷ ①abroad ②board ③aboard ④broad ⑤Learning that you are going abroad/will go abroad for further study
❸ ①abandoned ②continuing ③to ④which was then trapped in an abandoned house ⑤abandoned themselves to
❹ ①on ②resolution ③resolved ④The resolve in her eyes
⑤has resolved/decided to spare no effort
❺ ①guidance ②under ③to give me some guidance/give some guidance to me ④Guided by a local villager; With a local villager guiding us; Under the guidance of a local villager
短语储存
❶ ①turn up ②turn down ③turned over ④turned to
⑤turned down the fire ⑥was turned down
❷ ①gave away ②gave in to ③giving off ④his legs gave out
⑤was giving off
句型透视
● ①have gone ②have struggled ③Without/But for your recognition and guidance ④without which I would have given up halfway
● 当堂过关检测
Ⅰ.1.bitterly 2.resolution 3.abandoned 4.enthusiastic
5.commitment 6.guidance 7.sank 8.motivated
9.unfortunately 10.belongings 11.cruelty
12.qualifications 13.perseverance 14.assigned 15.loyalty
Ⅱ.1.turn down 2.make fire 3.gave off 4.was enthusiastic about 5.set off 6.were/got stuck in 7.make it 8.(should) sign up for
Ⅲ.1.It happened that the small town we visited
2.What an amazing first day
3.would never have discovered the secret passage
4.What if you made a sincere apology to your friend
● 语言素养提升
Ⅰ.1.stepped 2.stuck 3.stopped 4.stopping
5.struck 6.submitting
Ⅱ.1.极瘦的 2.使人头晕的 3.头晕的 4.模糊的,不清楚的 5.stormy 6.noisy
Ⅲ.1.记录
2.①(动植物)保护区 ②储备;储藏 ③预约;预订
3.①粗略的;大概的 ②艰难的
4.①经营 ②发表 ③运转,运行 ④进行
5.避免,免得
● 写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.It not only helps us acquire practical skills but also cultivates qualities like perseverance and the sense of responsibility
2.Bending under the sun and carefully selecting ripe fruits
3.smiled warmly as they shared stories of their harvests, making me understand labour’s power to bring joy 4.labour is not just about productivity—it builds character 5.every small effort contributes to a better life
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
30.环境描写(三)[冬季寒冷场景]
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.snow-covered landscape 2.The frost-covered branches of the trees 3.was capped with snow 4.making a beautiful picture 5.freezing cold; a white blanket of snow
Ⅱ.1.freezing cold winter morning 2.snow-covered landscape 3.The snow-capped mountain 4.biting cold wind 5.a gust of wind 6.floated down from the grey sky
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In the early 20th century, voyages to the Antarctic were dangerous. Many explorers died from the cruel weather and rough seas. The crew were paid low wages. However, many 1. (candidate) still applied for the job with a resolution to experience a great adventure.
Perce was one of them. As a 19-year-old boy full of vigour, he was so 2. (enthusiasm) about adventure that he resolved to join an expedition led by a navigator named Ernest when he saw his advertisement for crew members. However, his application was turned 3. ,for he was considered too young to be qualified. He secretly went aboard the Endurance, 4. (hide) in a cupboard. After being discovered by the good-tempered captain, he 5. (assign) to be a steward.
Unfortunately, the ship was soon crushed and 6. (sink) into the sea. The captain ordered that the ship and their belongings 7.
(abandon) except essential supplies. They were finally trapped on a lonely island.
Life was miserable. They only had blankets to protect against the damp and bitter cold wind and there were no shelters or furniture. They burned animal fat to make fire over the stove, even though it gave 8. black smoke. While they missed their cosy homes and decent food, Hussey played the banjo as his only recreation to keep their spirits up. The captain made a 9. (commit) to save them from death.
Through their perseverance and team spirit, they survived the cold for four months before 10. (rescue) by the navy. Adversity made Perce a committed and loyal man. He considered this life episode unforgettable and valuable.
❶ enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的
(1)be/become enthusiastic about (doing) sth 热衷于(做)某事;对(做)某事热心
(2)enthusiasm n. 热情; 热心
enthusiasm for 热爱……
arouse/fuel enthusiasm for…
激起/燃起对……的热情
with enthusiasm 热情洋溢地;狂热地
(3)enthusiastically adv.
热心地;满腔热情地
[考点多维练]——单句填空
①[2019·北京卷] Moore is enthusiastic the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring.
②[上外必修三] The more I spent time with him, the more I realised that our relationship was limited. My (enthusiastic) started to die down.
③When the singer asked the audience to sing along, everyone joined in (enthusiastic), their voices mixing into a warm chorus.
[写作步步升]——完成句子
④[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted .
他们都热情地叫喊着,“加油!你能做到!我们为你自豪!”
⑤Knowing that you sculptures, I’m writing to invite you to join me to attend the first outdoor sculpture exhibition in our city.(应用文写作之邀请信)
知道你对雕塑很感兴趣,我写信邀请你和我一起参加我们市第一届户外雕塑展。
❷ aboard prep. & adv.在(船、飞机、火车等)上;上(船、飞机、火车等)
(1)go aboard 上船(飞机、火车等)
(2)board vt.& vi. 上(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)
n. 木板;董事会;伙食
on board 在船(飞机、火车等)上
[温馨提示] ①broad adj.宽阔的;阔的
a broad smile笑容满面
②abroad adv.在/到国外
go abroad出国
[考点多维练]——选词填空 (aboard, abroad, board,broad)
①I have decided to study next year.
②The passengers will the plane at 9 am.
③They were the last two to go the ship.
④He greeted them with a wave and a smile.
[写作步步升]——完成句子
⑤ , I’m writing to inform you of some necessary dos and don’ts.(应用文写作之建议信)
得知你将要出国深造,我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。
❸ abandon vt. 放弃;遗弃;舍弃
(1)abandon (doing) sth 放弃(做)某事
abandon oneself to sth (=be abandoned to sth) 沉湎于……
(2)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的;放纵的
[温馨提示] abandon oneself to意思是“陷入某种情感或状态中”,介词to之后一般接表示某种感情或欲望的词作宾语。
[考点多维练]——单句填空
①[沪教选必一] You will then watch a video about a UK charity that saves (abandon) animals and finds them new homes.
②Though the team had spent a lot of money on the project, they had to abandon (continue) it when they found the data was seriously flawed.
③He abandoned himself deep despair when the news came that his wife had been killed in a car accident.
[写作步步升]——完成句子
④[2023·浙江1月考读后续写] A few weeks had passed since I stumbled upon the hummingbird, , alone and helpless.
自从我无意中发现了那只蜂鸟已经过去几个星期了,它当时被困在废弃的房子里,孤立无援。
⑤Winning the championship after years of setbacks, the team extreme excitement, piling on top of each other on the field in a roaring, laughing heap.(读后续写之场景描写)
在经历多年挫折后赢得冠军,队员们沉溺于极度的兴奋中,他们在场上笑喊着堆叠成一团。
❹ resolve vi. & vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n. 决心;坚定的信念
(1)resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis 解决问题/争端/冲突/危机
resolve on (doing) sth (=resolve to do sth) 决定做某事,决心做某事
(2)resolved adj.
下定决心的,断然的,坚决的
be resolved to do sth
决心做某事
(3)resolution n.
决议;解决;坚定
[考点多维练]——单句填空
①She resolved another try next year after failing this year’s entrance exam for postgraduate students.
②[2021·北京卷] Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a (resolve) after an argument.
③[2021·北京卷] When people had an argument that they considered (resolve), they had half the reactivity(情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument.
[写作步步升]——完成句子
④ was obvious as she walked into the audition room. Her eyes, bright with hope and determination, seemed to say that she had been waiting for this moment all her life. (读后续写之神态描写)
当她走进试镜室时,她眼中的决心显而易见。她的眼睛因希望和决心而明亮,似乎在说她一生都在等待这一刻。
⑤Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors, so our country to protect them.(应用文写作之文化遗产)
文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧,因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。
❺ guidance n.指导;引导;导航
(1)give guidance to给……指导
under one’s guidance(=under the guidance of…) 在……的指导/指引下
(2)guide v. 给某人领路(或导游);指引;指导
n. 导游;指南,手册
guide sb to… 领某人去……(to为
介词)
[考点多维练]——单句填空
①[沪教选必三] Some have turned to science and philosophy for (guide), while others have found answers in literature.
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.
[写作步步升]——完成句子/句式升级
③[2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达] Would you be kind enough to spare some time ?(应用文写作之求助信)
你能不能抽点时间给我一些指导?
④We were guided by a local villager, and finally found the ancient castle.
→ , we finally found the ancient castle.(用过去分词)
→ , we finally found the ancient castle. (用with复合结构)
→ , we finally found the ancient castle. (用guidance)
❶ turn down 拒绝;调低(音量);关小
turn up 出现;到场;调高(音量)
turn on 打开
turn off 关上
turn to 转向;求助于
turn out 结果是;证明是
turn over 翻转;移交
[考点多维练]——短语填空
①Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will sooner or later.
②Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
③He the business to his son after he retired.
④Not knowing how to deal with the problem, I the teacher for help.
[写作步步升]——完成句子
⑤[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time, she so it cooked nicely.
珍娜把烧焦的那块扔进水槽,又放进另一片面包。这次,她把火关小了,所以它烤得很好。
⑥[2020·全国卷Ⅱ] So I did ten paintings and took them to publishers. I everywhere except one publisher.
于是我画了十幅画,交给了出版社。除了一家出版社,其他地方都拒绝了我。
❷ give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
give in (to…) (向……)让步/屈服
give away 泄露(秘密);赠送;捐赠
give up 放弃;认输
give out 用完;分发;公布;(设备或身体部位)停止运转
[考点多维练]——短语填空
①The old teacher all his books to the school last month.
②My mother never the difficulties which she was faced with when she brought me up.
③You are the beautiful rose great fragrance in a big garden.
[写作步步升]——完成句子
④At the end of the race (他两腿无力) and he collapsed on the ground. (读后续写之动作描写)
⑤The burning candle a warm, soft light that filled the small room with a cozy atmosphere.(读后续写之环境描写)
燃烧着的蜡烛正散发着温暖、柔和的光,使小房间充满了惬意的氛围。
● (教材P39)Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now.
如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们现在都已经死了。
包含without的含蓄虚拟条件句
句型公式
【句式点拨】
此句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句。without后面加名词或短语表示一个暗含的非真实条件,所以句子用了虚拟语气。含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现由if引导的条件句,而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的,如:without, but for, otherwise, or等等。
(1)but for/without sth, 主语+would do sth
(对现在或者将来的虚拟)
(2)but for/without sth, 主语+would have done sth (对过去的虚拟)
[考点多维练]——单句填空
①But for the stranger’s generosity, our family wouldn’t (go) through such a happy holiday.
②[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] She would (struggle)with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
[写作步步升]——完成句子
③[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] , I couldn’t have written this article.
没有您的认可和指导,我就写不出这篇文章。
④It was your encouraging words that inspired me to hold on to the last, . (应用文写作之感谢信)
正是你鼓舞人心的话语激励我坚持到最后,如果没有这些,我早就半途而废了。
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often (bitter) cold.
2.When faced with the problem, you especially have to cooperate with each other to seek a (resolve).
3.[译林选修一] Far beneath the city, in an (abandon) tunnel that once belonged to the London Underground, scientists are experimenting with plants.
4.[人教选修三] He is an (enthusiasm) photographer. He’s always taking photos and then running down into the cellar to process them.
5.The scientist’s (commit)to research is demonstrated by his continuous pursuit of new knowledge and his willingness to take on difficult experiments.
6.[外研选必四] She advises that people be realistic and seek (guide) from expert consultants before rushing into things.
7.[2025·浙江1月考] But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart (sink).
8.[剑桥 Think 5] Many people start their learning (motivate) to succeed but then experience numerous difficulties along the way which can hamper their enthusiasm.
9.At the start of the project we were raring to go but (fortunately) we’ve lost a lot of our early enthusiasm.
10.When getting through the Customs, people are requested to make a declaration of the (belong).
11.If we act fast, wild animals can be prevented from suffering terrible (cruel) once and for all.
12.[沪教必修三] Amy and Neal had no (qualify) in tourism or health care but they had common sense, enthusiasm and determination.
13.[2021·全国甲卷] As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, (persevere), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
14.[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] All the assignments will be submitted by the (assign) date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
15.[2023·全国甲卷] Confucius believed in the importance of moral values such as respect, (loyal), and kindness.
●Ⅱ 短语检测
1.She had to (拒绝) the dinner invitation because she was busy preparing for the exam.
2.Peking Man walked upright, made and used simple tools, and knew how to (生火).
3.The chemical reaction in the test tube (放出) a small amount of gas, which the teacher carefully collected.
4.He (对……热情) sports and he eventually became an athlete after years of hard work.
5.You’d better (出发) earlier, in case some unusual conditions, such as a traffic jam, will cause you to miss the appointed time.
6.His positive attitude inspired many people who (受困于) illness.
7.The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we’ll never (成功赶上).
8.We highly recommend that you (报名参加) this course.
●Ⅲ 句型写作
1. was having its annual festival. There were parades, music, and delicious local food everywhere.(it形式主语) (读后续写之场景描写)
我们游览的小镇碰巧正在举办年度庆典。到处都是游行、音乐和美味的当地食物。
2.[译林必修二] Even as I lay in bed that evening, the bright colours and lively music were still swimming all around me. in Rio!(感叹句) (读后续写之体验回忆)
即使那天晚上我躺在床上的时候,那鲜艳的色彩和欢快的音乐依然在我脑海中盘旋游弋。在里约的第一天多么奇妙啊!
3.Without the map they found in the old attic, they in the castle. (虚拟语气) (读后续写之探险)
要是没有他们在旧阁楼里发现的地图,他们永远也不会发现城堡里的秘密通道。
4. ? Maybe he would forgive you and your friendship could be restored.(what if) (读后续写之友谊修复)
如果你向你的朋友真诚道歉会怎样?也许他会原谅你,你们的友谊能修复。
●Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.She (step) forward when her name was called out.
2.He promised to help us and he (stick) to his word.
3.The car (stop) suddenly in the middle of the road, which caused a collision involving several cars behind.
4.Instead of (stop) to give a helping hand, he pretended not to see this and rode away quickly.
5.The sudden storm (strike) the small town last month, causing widespread damage to buildings.
6.Before (submit) the application form to the university, she double-checked all the information.
●Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法
形容词后缀-y:表示具有某种特征或性质
A.指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2025·浙江1月考] The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief.
2.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
3.[2024·全国甲卷] Your body system is all messed up so you feel dizzy.
4.Her memory of the event was foggy, and she struggled to recall the details clearly.
B.单句填空
5.The (storm) weather caused the cancellation of the outdoor concert, disappointing many fans who had been looking forward to it.
6.The (noise) children in the park made it difficult for the adults to have a conversation.
●Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.register
[2021·北京卷] The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.
2.reserve
①[2021·全国甲卷] When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.
②We still have a reserve of food in case of emergency.
③I’ve come to collect my tickets. I reserved them by phone yesterday in the name of Tremin.
3.rough
①[2023·全国甲卷] The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.
②We have been through some rough times together.
4.run
①[2025·全国一卷改编] Sarah plans to run the family business after graduation.
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.”
③[2020·浙江7月考] Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.
5.save
[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
假定你是李华,你校英文报正在开展以“劳动让生活更美好”(Labour makes life better)为题的英语征文活动,请你写一篇英语短文投稿。内容包括:
1.劳动的重要性;
2.一次难忘的劳动经历;
3.你的收获。
Labour makes life better
Labour, a cornerstone of human progress, shapes our lives in profound ways. 1. (它不仅帮助我们掌握实用技能,还能培养毅力和责任感等品质).
Last summer, I volunteered to help farmers pick apples in a mountain village. 2. (在阳光下弯着腰,仔细挑选成熟的果实), I realized how much effort goes into every bite we take. The farmers, though tired, 3. (却依然热情地笑着分享他们的丰收故事,这让我明白了劳动能带来快乐的力量).
That experience taught me that 4. (劳动不仅仅关乎产出——它还能塑造品格). It reminds us that 5. (每一份小小的努力都在为更美好的生活添砖加瓦), whether for ourselves or others.
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
30.环境描写(三)[冬季寒冷场景]
【语言素材】
刺骨的寒风
biting cold wind
呼啸的强风
howling gust
一阵强风
a gust of wind
狂风
the fierce wind
大雪
heavy snowfall
暴风雪
snowstorm
银装素裹的景象
snow-covered landscape
白雪皑皑的山峰
snow-capped mountain
被霜覆盖的
frost-covered
一层厚厚的……
a blanket of
寒冷的
chilly
极冷的
freezing cold
逐渐变弱,逐渐消失
die away
敲打着窗户
beat against the window
【跟踪演练】
●Ⅰ 单句表达
1.The was breathtakingly beautiful, with snowflakes still falling from the sky.
银装素裹的景致美得令人窒息,雪花仍在从天空中飘落。
2. sparkled in the morning sunlight.
被霜覆盖的树枝在早晨的阳光下闪闪发光。
3.The mountain ,
looking marvelous.
那座山的山顶被雪覆盖,看起来壮观极了。
4.The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air, .(v.-ing作状语)
轻软的雪花在夜空中飞舞,构成了一幅美丽的图画。
5.It was and covered the ground.
天冷极了,地上有一层厚厚的白雪。
●Ⅱ 语段表达(环境描写)
On a 1. (极冷的冬季早上), Emily woke up and found the world transformed into a 2. (银装素裹的景象). 3. (白雪皑皑的山峰) stood silently in the distance. Looking out of the window, she saw some children building snowmen and having snowball fights, laughing and running in the 4. (刺骨的寒风). This added to the joyous scene. As she opened the window, 5. (一阵强风) rushed in, making her shiver. Thick snowflakes 6. (从灰色的天空飘下), showing no signs of dying away. Emily wrapped herself tightly and went back to her warm bed.
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