Unit 6 From Nobody to Somebody 知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元核心知识精讲精练(新教材仁爱科普版)
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Unit 6 From Nobody to Somebody
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Preparing for the Topic
1. missile n. 导弹
2. iron adj. 坚强的;强硬坚定的 n. 铁
3. hybrid adj. 混合的 n. 杂交植物
4. winner n. 获胜的人
5. physics n. 物理学
6. glorious adj. 光荣的;荣耀的;辉煌的
7. leadership n. 领导;领导才能
8. forever adv. 永远;长久地
9. admire v. 钦佩;赞赏;仰慕
10. institute n.(教育、专业等)机构,机构建筑
11. observe v. 观察;注意到
12. signal n. 信号;暗号
13. X‑ray n. X射线;X光
14. designer n. 设计者
Exploring the Topic
15. failure n. 失败
16. army n. 军队;陆军部队
17. general n. 将军 adj. 普遍的;大体的
18. knowledgeable adj. 博学的;有见识的;知识渊博的
19. agricultural adj. 农业的
20. interestingly adv. 有趣的是
21. greatness n. 伟大;巨大;崇高
22. deer n. 鹿
23. unluckily adv. 不幸地;倒霉地
24. refer v. 提到,谈到;将……送交给(以求获得帮助等)
25. researcher n. 研究者;探索者
26. developer n. 开发者,研制者
27. devoted adj. 忠诚的;全心全意的
28. behave v. 表现
29. whom pron. 谁,什么人
30. refuse v. 拒绝;回绝
Developing the Topic
31. cleaner n. 清洁工
32. poverty n. 贫穷,贫困;贫乏
33. settle v. 定居;使处于舒适的位置;安排好
34. secretary n. 秘书
35. doubt v. 不相信;不确定;疑问
36. patience n. 耐心
37. lift v. 移开;移动;(被)提起,举起;高兴起来 n. 电梯;搭便车
Wrapping Up the Topic
38. sunshine n. 阳光
39. organise(organize AmE) v. 组织;筹备
40. wounded adj.(身体)受伤的;负伤的
41. tricycle n. 三轮脚踏车
42. earn v. 挣得;赚得;挣钱
43. protector n. 保护人(或组织、装置等)
44. medallist n. 奖牌获得者
45. athlete n. 运动员
46. gold n. 金,黄金制品 adj. 金色的
47. talent n. 天才,天赋;人才
48. home‑made adj. 自制的;家里做的
49. gun n. 枪;炮
50. shooter n. 射手
51. career n. 生涯;职业
52. Asian adj. 亚洲的 n. 亚洲人
53. coach n. 教练 v. 训练,培训
54. excellence n. 优秀;杰出;卓越
55. nickname n. 绰号;外号
56. victory n. 胜利;成功
二.重点短语背默
1. be known as 作为…… 而出名;被称作
2. at a young age 在年轻的时候
3. give up 放弃
4. set up 建立;创立
5. fight against 与…… 作斗争
6. develop a strong interest in 对…… 产生浓厚兴趣
7. focus on 专注于
8. suffer from 遭受;患(病)
9. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
10. test on oneself 在自己身上做试验
11. save millions of lives 拯救数百万人的生命
12. pass away 去世
13. in one’s eyes 在某人看来
14. set a good example for sb. 为某人树立好榜样
15. instead of 代替;而不是
16. settle down 定居
17. give one’s life to 把一生奉献给……
18. keep on doing sth. 坚持 / 持续做某事
19. no doubt 毫无疑问
20. refer to 查阅;参考;提到
三.重点句子背默
1. He is known as the “Father of China’s Missile and Space Program”.他被誉为 “中国导弹之父”。
2. He was born in 1911 in Shanghai. He graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934 and then went to America for further study in 1935.
他 1911 年生于上海,1934 年毕业于上海交通大学,之后于 1935 年赴美国深造。
3. He had such a deep love for our country that he gave up everything in America and returned in 1955.
他深深热爱祖国,放弃了在美国的一切,于 1955 年回到祖国。
4. Nan Rendong is a Chinese scientist who is known as the Father of FAST.
南仁东是一位被称作 “天眼之父” 的中国科学家。(who 引导定语从句)
5. It is used for observing the universe. It can receive signals from stars that are nearly 10 billion light‑years away.它被用来观测宇宙。它可以接收距离近 100 亿光年恒星发出的信号。
6. Nan Rendong spent about 22 years on this project to make it what it is today.南仁东为这个项目付出大约 22 年的心血,造就了它如今的模样。
7. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and she won the award twice in two different fields!
她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性,并且在两个不同领域两度获奖!
8. In the 1960s, many people were suffering from a serious disease which took lots of people’s lives.
在 20 世纪 60 年代,很多人饱受一种致命疾病的折磨。
9. Tu became the head of a research team that focused on treating the disease.
屠呦呦成为专门研究治疗这种疾病的研究小组负责人。(定语从句 that)
10. To help put the drug into use quickly, Tu and two other researchers volunteered to test it on themselves.
为了让药物尽快投入使用,屠呦呦和另外两名科研人员自愿在自己身上做试验。
11. Since then, the drug has saved millions of lives in South Asia, Africa and America.
从那以后,这种药物拯救了南亚、非洲和美洲数百万人的生命。
12. Huang Wenxiu, a woman who gave her life to fighting against poverty in the countryside.
黄文秀,一位把一生奉献给乡村脱贫事业的女性。(who 定语从句)
13. However, instead of settling down in a big city, Huang chose to go back to her hometown village and worked as a village Party secretary.
然而,黄文秀没有在大城市定居,而是选择回到家乡村庄担任村第一书记。
14. In my eyes, ordinary people can also be great heroes.
在我看来,普通人也可以是伟大的英雄。
15. There are many heroes whom we should learn from around us.
我们身边有许多值得我们学习的英雄。(whom 引导定语从句,作 from 的宾语)
四.核心知识点解析
1.Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics诺贝尔物理学奖得主(教材 P92)
(1) winner 作名词,意为“获胜者;优胜者”,其动词形式为 win,常见短语:the winner of... 意为“……的获胜者”。
The winner of the singing competition will get a free trip to Sanya.歌咏比赛的获胜者将获得一次去三亚的免费旅行。
拓展 其动词形式为 win,意为“赢;获胜;获得”,其过去式和过去分词均为 won,现在分词为 winning。
Our team won the basketball match yesterday.我们队昨天赢得了篮球赛。
现在分词 winning 还可以作形容词,意为“获胜的;制胜的”。
a winning goal制胜的一球
(2) physics 作名词,常见用法如下:
意为“物理;物理学”,属于单数名词,但通常以复数形式出现(词尾加 -s),作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
常见短语:study/learn physics 意为“学习物理”;
a physics teacher 意为“物理老师”
意为“物理过程;物理性质”,指“物质的物理特性或变化”
Physics is very interesting but a little difficult for me.物理对我来说很有趣,但有点难。
the physics of light光的物理性质
拓展 其形容词形式为 physical,意为“身体的;物质的”。
physical exercise 体育锻炼
a physical change 物理变化
2.As a brave young solider who gave up her life for new China, Liu Hulan will be remembered forever by Chinese people.作为一名为新中国献出生命的勇敢的年轻战士,刘胡兰将永远被中国人民铭记。(教材 P92)
forever 作副词,常见用法如下:
意为“永远;长久地”,美式英语,相当于英式英语 for ever。常见短语:last forever 意为“持续到永远”
用于口语中,意为“老是;没完没了地”,常带有抱怨或不耐烦的语气
True friendship will last forever.真正的友谊将长存。
He is forever asking silly questions.他老是问一些愚蠢的问题。
3. Lingling, who is the hero you admire?玲玲,你崇拜的英雄是谁?(教材 P94)
admire 作动词,常见用法如下:
意为“钦佩;赞赏;仰慕”,其名词形式为 admiration。
常见短语:admire sb. for sth. 意为“因某事而钦佩某人”
意为“欣赏;观赏”,常见短语:admire the view 意为“欣赏风景”,相当于 enjoy the view
We all admire him because he always tries his best to achieve his dreams.我们都很敬佩他,因为他总是尽力去实现梦想。
We all admire him for his hard work and kindness.我们都钦佩他的努力工作和善良。
Tourists stopped to admire the beautiful sunset by the sea.游客们停下来欣赏海边美丽的日落。
4.It is used for observing the universe.它用于观测宇宙。(教材 P94)
observe 作动词,常见用法如下:
意为“观察;观测”
常见短语: observe sb. do sth. 意为“观察某人做某事(全过程)”
observe sb. doing sth. 意为“观察某人正在做某事”。
意为“遵守(规则、法律等)”,相当于 follow 或 obey。
Scientists often observe the stars and planets in the sky through telescopes.科学家们经常通过望远镜观察天空中的星星和行星。
All citizens must observe/follow/obey the traffic rules.所有公民都必须遵守交通规则。
5.It can receive signals from stars that are nearly 10 billion light years away.它可以接收来自近百亿光年之外恒星的信号。(教材 P94)
signal 作名词,意为“信号;标志;预示”。常见短语:traffic signals 交通信号灯;give/send a signal 发出信号。
The traffic signal turned red, so I stopped my car.交通信号灯变红了,所以我停下了车。
拓展 signal 还可以作动词,意为“发信号;示意”。常见结构:signal (to) sb. to do sth. 意为“示意某人做某事”。
He signaled to the waiter to bring the bill.他示意服务员拿账单来。
6.She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and she won the award twice in two different fields!她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性,而且她在两个不同领域两次获奖!(教材 P94)
award 作名词,意为“奖;奖品;奖金”
常见短语:win/receive an award 意为“获奖”。
She received a gold medal as an award for her excellent performance.她因出色的表现获得了一枚金牌作为奖励。
拓展 award 还可以做动词,意为“授予;颁发;奖励”。常见用法如下:
award sb. sth. 意为“授予某人某物”
award sth. to sb. 意为“把某物授予某人”
Our school will award him a prize for his progress.我们学校将因他的进步给他颁奖。
They award scholarships to excellent students every year.他们每年给优秀学生颁发奖学金。
7.The designer of the great project known as China Sky Eye.被称为“中国天眼”的伟大工程的设计者。(教材 P95)
designer 作名词,意为“设计师;设计者”,其动词形式为 design。
常见短语:a fashion designer 意为“时装设计师”;
a web designer 意为“网页设计师”。
Coco Chanel was a famous fashion designer in the 20th century.可可·香奈儿是 20 世纪一位著名的时装设计师。
My uncle is a designer of new energy cars.我的叔叔是一名新能源汽车设计师。
8.He joined the army at a young age and fought many times in his life.他年少从军,一生征战多次。(教材 P96)
army 作名词,常见用法如下:
意为“军队;陆军”,指其复数形式为 armies。
常见短语:join the army 意为“参军;入伍”
意为“大群;大批”
My grandfather served in the army during World War II.我祖父在第二次世界大战期间在军队服役。
an army of workers一大群工人
an army of problems一大堆问题
9.He trained a strong army and led it to fight against enemies who crossed the sea from Japan.他训练了一支强大的军队,并率领这支军队抗击渡海而来的倭寇。(教材 P96)
enemy 作名词,常见用法如下:
意为“敌人;仇敌”,其复数形式为 enemies。
常见短语:make an enemy of sb. 意为“与某人为敌”;
natural enemies 意为“天敌”
作名词,意为“危害物;大敌”
常见短语:the enemy of... 意为“……的敌人”
In the story, the lion and the mouse became friends instead of enemies.在这个故事里,狮子和老鼠成了朋友而不是敌人。
Laziness is the enemy of success.懒惰是成功的敌人。
10.His army was honored as the “Army of Qi” in Chinese history.他的军队在中国历史上被誉为“戚家军”。(教材 P96)
be honored as 固定短语,意为“被尊称为;被授予……的荣誉称号”。
Yuan Longping is honored as the “Father of Hybrid Rice” for his great contribution to agriculture.袁隆平因其对农业的巨大贡献而被尊称为“杂交水稻之父”。
11. He was a great agricultural scientist.他是一位伟大的农业科学家。(教材 P97)
agricultural 作形容词,意为“农业的;农学的”,由“名词 agriculture + 后缀 -al”构成,用于修饰名词。
常见短语:agricultural products 农产品;
agricultural technology 农业技术;
agricultural production 农业生产。
The country is trying to improve its agricultural production.这个国家正在努力提高其农业生产。
Modern agriculture technology helps farmers grow food with less pollution.现代农业技术帮助农民种植更多粮食,同时减少污染。
拓展 agriculture 作不可数名词,意为“农业;农学”
常见短语:develop agriculture 意为“发展农业”。
China has a long history of agriculture.中国有着悠久的农业历史。
12.After years of hard work, her greatness was finally recognized by the world.经过多年的辛勤工作,她的伟大终于得到了世界的认可。(教材 P98)
recognize 作动词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“承认;意识到”,常见结构:recognize sth. as/to be... 意为“承认某事是……”
(2)意为“认出;识别”,常见结构:recognize sb./sth. 意为“认出某人/某物”
(3)意为“公认;赏识”,常见短语:be recognized as sth. 意为“被公认为……”
He quickly recognized that he had made a serious mistake.他很快意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。
I recognized her by her red hat.我通过她红色的帽子认出了她。
The book now is recognized as a classic.这本书现在是一本公认的经典名著。
13.In her early twenties, Tu studied medicine at Beijing Medical College and developed a strong interest in herbal medicine.二十岁出头时,屠呦呦在北京医学院学习医学,并对草药产生了浓厚的兴趣。(教材 P98)
develop an interest in 作动词短语,意为“对……产生 / 培养起兴趣”。
She developed an interest in painting during her summer vacation.她在暑假期间对绘画产生了兴趣。
拓展 develop 作动词,意为“发展;开发;培养”
常见短语:develop a habit 养成习惯;
develop a skill 培养技能。
Children need to develop good reading habits from an early age.儿童需要从小培养良好的阅读习惯。
14.In the 1960s, many people were suffering from a serious disease which took lots of people’s lives.20 世纪 60 年代,许多人患上了一种严重疾病,这种疾病夺走了很多人的生命。(教材 P98)
suffer from 固定短语,意为“遭受;因……而受苦;患有(疾病)”
常用搭配:
suffer from a cold 患感冒
suffer from headaches 头痛
suffer from poverty 遭受贫困
People there suffer from hunger and hope for a better life.那里的人们饱受饥饿之苦,期盼更好的生活。
Many people suffer from heart disease.许多人患有心脏病。
15.As the developer of the drug, Tu is still working on exploring Traditional Chinese Medicine and introducing it to the world.作为该药物的研发者,屠呦呦仍在致力于探索传统中医药并将其推向世界。(教材 P98)
work on 作动词短语,意为“从事于;致力于”,指“花费时间和精力去制作、研究或改进某物”,强调具体的“工作对象”或“项目”。
She is working on a new novel.她正在致力于写一部新小说。
You should work on your pronunciation.你应该多练发音。
拓展 与 work 相关的常见短语:
work as 担任;以……身份工作
work for 为……工作
work out 解决;算出;锻炼
16.As is known to us all, Dickens’ novels have enriched English literature.众所周知,狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学。(教材 P100)
as is known to us all 固定表达,意为“众所周知;我们大家都知道”,是一个非限制性定语从句,通常放在句首、句中或句尾,用逗号与句子隔开,相当于 It is well known that... 或 As we all know。
As is known to us all, the earth revolves around the sun.
=It is well known that the earth revolves around the sun.
=As we all know, the earth revolves around the sun.
众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
17.He was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about how to behave well.他是一位伟大的思想家,对于如何举止得体有许多明智的见解。(教材 P101)
behave 作不及物动词,意为“表现;举止”
常见搭配:behave oneself 意为“守规矩;举止得体”,常见结构:主语 + behave(s) + (well/badly/properly)。
The children behaved very well during the visit.孩子们在参观期间表现得很好。
拓展 名词形式为 behavior,意为“行为;举止”,由“动词 behave 去 e + 后缀 -ior”构成
常见短语:good behavior 意为“良好行为”;
strange behavior 意为“奇怪的举止”。
His behavior at the party was very rude.他在派对上的举止非常粗鲁。
18.However, the masters of Laizhou Brush refuse to give up this traditional art and have solved many problems in making the brush.然而,莱州毛笔的大师们拒绝放弃这门传统艺术,并且已经解决了制作毛笔的过程中的许多问题。(教材 P101)
refuse 作动词,意为“拒绝”,其反义词是 accept(接受)或 agree(同意)。常见用法如下:
refuse to do sth. 意为“拒绝做某事”
refuse + 名词 / 代词
She refused to answer the question.她拒绝回答那个问题。
He refused my invitation.他拒绝了我的邀请。
19.Unluckily, he lost his legs in a car accident.不幸的是,他在一场车祸中失去了他的双腿。(教材 P102)
unluckily 作副词,意为“不幸地;不巧地”,其同义词为 unfortunately。常放句首,后用逗号和句子隔开。
Unluckily, I missed the last train.不幸的是,我错过了最后一班火车。
拓展 ①形容词为 lucky,意为“幸运的”
常见短语:a lucky person 一个幸运的人;
a lucky day 幸运的一天。
You were lucky to get that job.你能得到那份工作真是幸运。
②名词为 luck,意为“运气;好运”
常见短语:good luck 好运;bad luck 坏运气。
Luck plays a big part in winning the lottery.买彩票中奖很大程度上靠运气。
20. In my eyes, cleaners are great people.在我看来,清洁工是伟大的人。(教材 P102)
in one’s eyes 固定短语,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“在某人看来;以某人的观点来看”,相当于 in one’s opinion,in one’s view 或 to one’s mind
(2)意为“在某人眼中(流露出……)”,常见结构:There is ... in one’s eyes.
In my eyes, he is the best teacher in the school.在我看来,他是学校里最好的老师。
There was great sadness in her eyes when she heard the news.当她听到这个消息时,眼中流露出了巨大的悲伤。
21.And most of all, they do the same cleaning day after day...最重要的是,他们日复一日地做着同样的清洁工作……(教材 P102)
(1) most of all 固定短语,意为“尤其;最重要的是”,用于强调在一系列事物或人中,某一个是最重要、最喜欢或受影响最大的。它通常放在句末或句中,用来加强语气。
I like apples, bananas, and oranges, but I like pears most of all.我喜欢苹果、香蕉和橙子,但我最喜欢的是梨。
拓展与 all 相关的常见短语:
after all 毕竟;终究
in all 总共;合计
at all 根本;完全
first of all 首先
above all 最重要的是;首先
all in all 总而言之;总的来说
(2) day after day 固定短语,意为“日复一日;一天又一天”,常带有“枯燥、乏味或坚持不懈”的感情色彩。
The old man sat by the window, watching the rain fall day after day.那位老人坐在窗边,日复一日地看着雨落下。
22.However, instead of settling down in a big city, Huang chose to go back to her hometown village, and worked as a village Party secretary. 然而,她没有选择在大城市安家落户,而是选择回到家乡的村庄,担任村党支部书记。(教材 P103)
settle 作动词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“定居;安家”,常见短语:settle down 意为“定居下来;安顿下来”
(2)意为“解决;结束(争论、纠纷等)”
(3)意为“安排;安放”
(4)意为“(使)平静;(使)安定”,指“情绪或情况恢复平静”
After years of traveling, they decided to settle down in a small village by the sea.在多年的旅行之后,他们决定在一个海边的小村庄定居下来。
The two sides finally settled their differences and reached an agreement.双方最终解决了分歧并达成了协议。
The bird settled itself on a branch.鸟儿在树枝上安顿好自己。
It took a long time for the baby to settle after the loud noise.巨大的噪声过后,过了很久婴儿才平静下来。
23.Many villagers doubted Huang’s ability.许多村民曾怀疑黄文秀的能力。(教材 P103)
doubt 作动词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“怀疑;不相信”
(2)意为“认为……未必可能”,在否定句和疑问句中,doubt 后常跟 that 从句;在肯定句中,doubt 后常跟 if 或 whether 从句。
I don’t doubt that he will come on time.我毫不怀疑他会准时到来。
I doubt whether we will arrive on time.我怀疑我们是否能准时到达。
拓展 doubt 还可以作名词,还有以下用法:
(1)意为“疑虑;未确定”
(2)意为“怀疑;疑惑”
常见短语:no doubt 无疑地,确实地;without doubt 毫无疑问;in doubt 不确定;有疑问。
常用句型:There is no/some doubt that…. 意为“毫无疑问的是……/对……还有一些疑问”
She accepted the job without doubt.她毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作。
There is some doubt about the truth of the news.人们对于这则新闻的真实性存在一些疑问。
24.Huang showed great patience and creativity to prove herself.黄文秀展现了极大的耐心和创造力来证明自己。(教材 P103)
patience 作名词,意为“耐心;忍耐力”,为不可数名词。
常见短语:have patience with sb./sth. 意为“对某人/某事有耐心”
lose patience (with sb.) 意为“(对某人)失去耐心”
be out of patience with sb./sth. 意为“对某人/某事忍无可忍”。
Teachers should have enough patience with their students, especially when they make mistakes.老师应该对学生有足够的耐心,尤其是当学生犯错的时候。
拓展 patience 的形容词形式为 patient,意为“有耐心的;能忍耐的”,常见短语:be patient with sb./sth. 意为“对某人/某事有耐心”。
The doctor was very patient with his patients.这位医生对他的病人们非常有耐心。
25.Organize reading activities for children为孩子们组织阅读活动 (教材 P105)
organize 作动词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“组织;筹备”
常见短语:organize a meeting/party/trip/ 意为“组织会议/派对/旅行……”,
organize one’s time 意为“安排某人的时间”。
(2)意为“规划;管理”
Our class monitor is very responsible and good at organizing class activities.我们的班长非常负责,很擅长组织班级活动。
It’s a good habit to organize your school things in your bag every night.每天晚上把书包里的学习用品整理好是一个好习惯。
拓展organize 的名词形式为 organization,意为“组织;团体;机构”
organize 的形容词形式为 organized,意为“有组织的;有条理的”
The Red Cross is an international organization that helps people in need.红十字会是一个帮助有需要的人的国际组织。
An organized person always knows where his things are.一个做事有条理的人总是知道他的东西在哪里。
26.Many people follow his example and make efforts to help others. 许多人以他为榜样,努力去帮助他人。(教材 P106)
follow one’s example 动词短语,意为“效仿某人;以某人为榜样”。
We should follow our teachers’ example to be honest and helpful.我们应该以老师为榜样,做到诚实和乐于助人。
27.He himself was just a tricycle rider who made his living by collecting waste. 他自己只是一个靠收废品谋生的三轮车夫。(教材 P106)
make one’s living 固定短语,意为“谋生;维持生计”,相当于 make a living 或 earn one’s living。
常见句型:make/earn one’s/a living by doing sth. 意为“通过做某事来谋生”。
In the old days, my grandfather made his living by fishing on the river.在过去,我的祖父靠在河上捕鱼为生。
28.He is the first Chinese athlete who won an Olympic gold medal in history. 他是历史上第一位获得奥运会金牌的中国运动员。(教材 P107)
gold 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“金;黄金”,为不可数名词。常见短语:a piece of gold 意为“一块黄金”,gold medal 意为“金牌”。
(2)意为“金币;黄金制品”
(3)意为“金色;金黄色”
Gold is valuable and often used to make jewelry.黄金很珍贵,常被用来制作珠宝。
The pirates buried their gold on a secret island.海盗们把他们的财宝埋在一个秘密的岛上。
The sky turned beautiful gold as the sun set.太阳落山时,天空变成了美丽的金黄色。
拓展gold 还可以作形容词,意为“金色的”,用来修饰名词。
The company name was spelled out in gold letters.公司名称被金色字母拼了出来。
29.At an early age, he started to show great love and talent for shooting. 年幼时,他就开始展现出对射击的极大热情和天赋。(教材 P107)
talent 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“天赋;才能”,常用搭配为:have a talent for (doing) sth. 意为“在 (做) 某事方面有天赋”
(2)意为“人才;有才能的人”,为可数名词。常见短语:young talent 意为“青年人才”
She has a talent for music and can play several instruments beautifully.她很有音乐天赋,能优美地演奏好几种乐器。
The company is looking for new talents to join their team.这家公司正在寻找新的人才加入他们的团队。
30.As a country boy from a poor family, he only had home-made guns to practice shooting. 作为一个来自贫困家庭的农村男孩,他只能用自制的枪械练习射击。(教材 P107)
home-made 作形容词,意为“自制的;家里做的”,是复合形容词,由 “home + make” 构成,通常作定语修饰名词。
类似形容词还有:handmade 手工的;man-made 人造的。
常见短语:home-made food 意为“家常便饭/自制食品”,
home-made cake 意为“自制蛋糕”。
My grandmother’s home-made apple pie is the most delicious dessert I’ve ever eaten.我奶奶做的苹果派是我吃过的最美味的甜点。
31.However, he trained very hard to develop his skills as a shooter, even though he had no coach. 然而,即使没有教练,他也非常努力地训练以提高射击技能。(教材 P107)
coach 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“教练”,常见短语:a football/basketball coach 足球/篮球教练,the head coach 主教练
(2)意为“长途客车;大巴”
Our new basketball coach is very strict but he helps us improve a lot.我们的新篮球教练非常严格,但他帮助我们提高了很多。
We took a coach from Beijing to Shanghai last summer vacation.去年暑假我们坐长途汽车从北京去了上海。
拓展 coach 还可以作动词,意为“训练;指导”
常见短语:coach sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事;coach a team 训练一支队伍。
He coached the young players to work together as a team.他指导年轻队员们学会团队协作。
32.One year later, he started his sports career in the national team. 一年后,他在国家队开始了他的运动生涯。(教材 P107)
career 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“生涯;职业”,常见短语:a teaching career 意为“教学生涯”,career development 意为“职业发展”
(2)意为“经历;事业”,常用短语:start one’s career 意为“开始某人的职业生涯”
She has a successful career as a lawyer.她作为一名律师,事业很成功。
He is playing the best tennis of his career.他正处于他网球事业的巅峰时期。
33.Xu Haifeng’s achievements go beyond those of an athlete.许海峰的成就不只在于作为运动员成绩斐然。(教材 P107)
go beyond 固定短语,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“超出;超越”,常见搭配:go beyond the limit 超出限度;go beyond one’s expectations 超出某人的预期
(2)意为“在……之外”
The cost of the project might go beyond our budget.这个项目的成本可能会超出我们的预算。
The truth goes beyond what we can see with our eyes.真相超出了我们肉眼所能看见的范围。
The beauty of nature is beyond words.大自然的美难以用语言形容。
34.In a word, Xu’s story is a victory for both himself and our country. 总之,许海峰的故事对他自己和我们的国家来说都是一场胜利。(教材 P107)
victory 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“胜利;成功”,常用搭配:win/achieve a victory over sb. 意为“战胜某人/取得对某人的胜利”。
(2)意为“克服;战胜”
The team celebrated their victory after winning the championship.队伍在赢得冠军后庆祝他们的胜利。
Giving up smoking was a small victory for him, but it was a very important step.戒烟对他来说是一个小小的胜利,却是非常重要的一步。
五.语法串讲
前缀 en-
前缀 en- 的构词规律、核心例词与固定搭配,以及定语从句(who 和 whom 引导)的基本概念、用法区分与中考易错点,清晰呈现前缀构词与指人关系代词的选词规则。
前缀 en-
基本含义
en- 加在形容词或名词前构成动词,表示“使……;使拥有/陷入”
able→enable(使能够);courage→encourage(鼓励);large→enlarge(扩大)
构词规则
en- + 形容词:able→enable、rich→enrich、sure→ensure;en- + 名词:courage→encourage、danger→endanger、large→enlarge
large→enlarge(扩大);rich→enrich(使丰富)
核心例词
enable / enlarge / enrich / ensure / encourage / endanger
Good books can enrich our minds.(好书能丰富我们的思想。)
固定搭配
enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事;encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
The app enables us to learn anytime.(这款应用使我们能随时学习。)
易错提醒
enjoy、enter 中的 en 不是前缀,是单词本身的一部分,不表示“使”,不能拆分为 en + joy / en + ter
enjoy 整体是独立单词,意为“享受”
关系副词引导的定语从句
when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。
(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。
(4)介词+关系代词
关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替,要注意其先行词(名词)与介词的合理搭配,介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。
when 相当于“at/in/on/during + which”
where 相当于“in/at/on + which”
why 相当于“for + which”
王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。
The factory is a shoe factory. Mr.Wang works in the factory.
这个句子有以下三种表达方式:
The factory is a shoe factory which/that Mr. Wang works in.
The factory is a shoe factory in which Mr. Wang works.
The factory is a shoe factory where Mr. Wang works.
并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why,若先行词在定语从句中不作状语,而是作主语或宾语,就必须用which或that。
(5)易混易错
1.只能用which引导的定语从句
(1)在引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that。如:
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(此句中的which不能换成that)
这棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。
(2)介词后不能用that。如:
We depend on the land from which we get our food.(介词from后不能用that)
我们依靠土地获得食物。
2.判断关系代词与关系副词
用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。若谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语,就用关系代词;若谓语动词是及物动词且后面有宾语或谓语动词是不及物动词,则要用关系副词。如:
I’ll never forget the day when I first met him.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。
The house where I live now was bought five years ago.我现在住的房子是五年前买的。
六.写作串讲
写作题目
A True Hero in My Eyes(我心中真正的英雄)
请以“A True Hero in My Eyes”为题,介绍一位你敬佩的英雄人物(伟人、榜样、平凡英雄均可),讲述其事迹与品质,词数 80—120 词。
核心写作素材
高分好词
encourage v. 鼓励;
enrich v. 丰富;
enlarge v. 扩大;
devote v. 奉献;
admire v. 敬佩;
perseverance n. 坚持;
follow one’s example 以某人为榜样;
out of poverty 摆脱贫困
万能佳句
A true hero is not famous for glory, but for great deeds and kind hearts.真正的英雄不在于名气,而在于伟大的事迹和善良的本心。
Their noble spirit encourages us to keep moving forward in our life.他们高尚的精神激励我们在生活中奋勇前行。
适配谚语
A hero is known in the time of misfortune. 时势造英雄。
写作模板
段落板块
英文万能模板
写作思路
开头(总起,1 句话)
Everyone has a hero in their heart. The hero who I admire most is __________.
用who定语从句开篇,开门见山点明写作人物,贴合单元语法
正文第一段(人物简介)
He/She is a great person who devotes himself/herself to helping others. He/She always __________(encourage) people to face difficulties bravely.
使用en-前缀核心词汇、定语从句,介绍人物身份与美好品质
正文第二段(主要事迹)
In his/her life, he/she did many meaningful things. These great actions enrich our life and bring us warmth and hope.
讲述人物具体贡献,运用单元重点动词enrich,充实文章内容
结尾(感悟升华)
I learn a lot from him/her. I will follow his/her example and try to be a useful person in the future.
第一人称收尾,升华主题,表达学习英雄、积极成长的决心
英文范文
A True Hero in My Eyes
Everyone has a hero in their heart. The hero who I admire most is Huang Wenxiu.
She is a great person who devotes herself to helping poor villagers. She graduated from a famous university but chose to return to her hometown. She always encouraged villagers to be confident and helped them improve their life. Her hard work greatly enriched local people’s life and helped many families out of poverty.
Though she left us early, her spirit always inspires me. I learn perseverance and kindness from her. I will follow her example and try my best to help others in the future.
我心中真正的英雄
每个人心中都有一位英雄,我最敬佩的英雄是黄文秀。
她是一位全心全意为贫困村民服务的伟大人物。她毕业于知名大学,却选择回到家乡。她总是鼓励村民树立自信,帮助大家改善生活。她的辛勤付出极大丰富了当地人的生活,帮助许多家庭摆脱了贫困。
虽然她早早离开了我们,但她的精神一直激励着我。我从她身上学到了坚持与善良。今后我会以她为榜样,尽自己最大的努力帮助他人。
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Unit 6 From Nobody to Somebody
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Preparing for the Topic
1. n. 导弹
2. adj. 坚强的;强硬坚定的 n. 铁
3. adj. 混合的 n. 杂交植物
4. n. 获胜的人
5. n. 物理学
6. adj. 光荣的;荣耀的;辉煌的
7. n. 领导;领导才能
8. adv. 永远;长久地
9. v. 钦佩;赞赏;仰慕
10. n.(教育、专业等)机构,机构建筑
11. v. 观察;注意到
12. n. 信号;暗号
13. n. X射线;X光
14. n. 设计者
Exploring the Topic
15. n. 失败
16. n. 军队;陆军部队
17. n. 将军 adj. 普遍的;大体的
18. adj. 博学的;有见识的;知识渊博的
19. adj. 农业的
20. adv. 有趣的是
21. n. 伟大;巨大;崇高
22. n. 鹿
23. adv. 不幸地;倒霉地
24. v. 提到,谈到;将……送交给(以求获得帮助等)
25. n. 研究者;探索者
26. n. 开发者,研制者
27. adj. 忠诚的;全心全意的
28. v. 表现
29. pron. 谁,什么人
30. v. 拒绝;回绝
Developing the Topic
31. n. 清洁工
32. n. 贫穷,贫困;贫乏
33. v. 定居;使处于舒适的位置;安排好
34. n. 秘书
35. v. 不相信;不确定;疑问
36. n. 耐心
37. v. 移开;移动;(被)提起,举起;高兴起来 n. 电梯;搭便车
Wrapping Up the Topic
38. n. 阳光
39. v. 组织;筹备
40. adj.(身体)受伤的;负伤的
41. n. 三轮脚踏车
42. v. 挣得;赚得;挣钱
43. n. 保护人(或组织、装置等)
44. n. 奖牌获得者
45. n. 运动员
46. n. 金,黄金制品 adj. 金色的
47. n. 天才,天赋;人才
48. adj. 自制的;家里做的
49. n. 枪;炮
50. n. 射手
51. n. 生涯;职业
52. adj. 亚洲的 n. 亚洲人
53. n. 教练 v. 训练,培训
54. n. 优秀;杰出;卓越
55. n. 绰号;外号
56. n. 胜利;成功
二.重点短语背默
1. 作为…… 而出名;被称作
2. 在年轻的时候
3. 放弃
4. 建立;创立
5. 与…… 作斗争
6. 对…… 产生浓厚兴趣
7. 专注于
8. 遭受;患(病)
9. 自愿做某事
10. 在自己身上做试验
11. 拯救数百万人的生命
12. 去世
13. 在某人看来
14. 为某人树立好榜样
15. 代替;而不是
16. 定居
17. 把一生奉献给……
18. 坚持 / 持续做某事
19. 毫无疑问
20. 查阅;参考;提到
三.重点句子背默
1. He the “Father of China’s Missile and Space Program”.他被誉为 “中国导弹之父”。
2. He was born in 1911 in Shanghai. He Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934 and then went to America for in 1935.
他 1911 年生于上海,1934 年毕业于上海交通大学,之后于 1935 年赴美国深造。
3. He had such a deep love for our country that he everything in America and in 1955.
他深深热爱祖国,放弃了在美国的一切,于 1955 年回到祖国。
4. Nan Rendong is a Chinese the Father of FAST.
南仁东是一位被称作 “天眼之父” 的中国科学家。(who 引导定语从句)
5. It observing the universe. It can signals stars are nearly 10 billion light‑years away.它被用来观测宇宙。它可以接收距离近 100 亿光年恒星发出的信号。
6. Nan Rendong about 22 years this project to today.南仁东为这个项目付出大约 22 年的心血,造就了它如今的模样。
7. She was the Nobel Prize, and
she !
她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性,并且在两个不同领域两度获奖!
8. , many people a serious disease which took lots of people’s lives.
在 20 世纪 60 年代,很多人饱受一种致命疾病的折磨。
9. Tu became the head of a research team that .
屠呦呦成为专门研究治疗这种疾病的研究小组负责人。(定语从句 that)
10. , Tu and two other .
为了让药物尽快投入使用,屠呦呦和另外两名科研人员自愿在自己身上做试验。
11. Since then, the drug in South Asia, Africa and America.
从那以后,这种药物拯救了南亚、非洲和美洲数百万人的生命。
12. Huang Wenxiu, a woman who in the countryside.
黄文秀,一位把一生奉献给乡村脱贫事业的女性。(who 定语从句)
13. However, in a big city, Huang chose to go back to her hometown village and worked as a village Party secretary.
然而,黄文秀没有在大城市定居,而是选择回到家乡村庄担任村第一书记。
14. In my eyes, .
在我看来,普通人也可以是伟大的英雄。
15. There are many heroes whom .
我们身边有许多值得我们学习的英雄。(whom 引导定语从句,作 from 的宾语)
四.核心知识点解析
1.Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics诺贝尔物理学奖得主(教材 P92)
(1) winner 作名词,意为“获胜者;优胜者”,其动词形式为 win,常见短语:the winner of... 意为“……的获胜者”。
The of the singing competition will get a free trip to Sanya.歌咏比赛的获胜者将获得一次去三亚的免费旅行。
拓展 其动词形式为 win,意为“赢;获胜;获得”,其过去式和过去分词均为 won,现在分词为 winning。
Our team the basketball match yesterday.我们队昨天赢得了篮球赛。
现在分词 winning 还可以作形容词,意为“获胜的;制胜的”。
a winning goal制胜的一球
(2) physics 作名词,常见用法如下:
意为“物理;物理学”,属于单数名词,但通常以复数形式出现(词尾加 -s),作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
常见短语:study/learn physics 意为“学习物理”;
a physics teacher 意为“物理老师”
意为“物理过程;物理性质”,指“物质的物理特性或变化”
is very interesting but a little difficult for me.物理对我来说很有趣,但有点难。
the physics of light光的物理性质
拓展 其形容词形式为 physical,意为“身体的;物质的”。
physical exercise
a physical change
2.As a brave young solider who gave up her life for new China, Liu Hulan will be remembered forever by Chinese people.作为一名为新中国献出生命的勇敢的年轻战士,刘胡兰将永远被中国人民铭记。(教材 P92)
forever 作副词,常见用法如下:
意为“永远;长久地”,美式英语,相当于英式英语 for ever。常见短语:last forever 意为“持续到永远”
用于口语中,意为“老是;没完没了地”,常带有抱怨或不耐烦的语气
True friendship will last .真正的友谊将长存。
He is asking silly questions.他老是问一些愚蠢的问题。
3. Lingling, who is the hero you admire?玲玲,你崇拜的英雄是谁?(教材 P94)
admire 作动词,常见用法如下:
意为“钦佩;赞赏;仰慕”,其名词形式为 admiration。
常见短语:admire sb. for sth. 意为“因某事而钦佩某人”
意为“欣赏;观赏”,常见短语:admire the view 意为“欣赏风景”,相当于 enjoy the view
We all him because he always tries his best to achieve his dreams.我们都很敬佩他,因为他总是尽力去实现梦想。
We all him his hard work and kindness.我们都钦佩他的努力工作和善良。
Tourists stopped to the beautiful sunset by the sea.游客们停下来欣赏海边美丽的日落。
4.It is used for observing the universe.它用于观测宇宙。(教材 P94)
observe 作动词,常见用法如下:
意为“观察;观测”
常见短语: observe sb. do sth. 意为“观察某人做某事(全过程)”
observe sb. doing sth. 意为“观察某人正在做某事”。
意为“遵守(规则、法律等)”,相当于 follow 或 obey。
Scientists often the stars and planets in the sky through telescopes.科学家们经常通过望远镜观察天空中的星星和行星。
All citizens must the traffic rules.所有公民都必须遵守交通规则。
5.It can receive signals from stars that are nearly 10 billion light years away.它可以接收来自近百亿光年之外恒星的信号。(教材 P94)
signal 作名词,意为“信号;标志;预示”。常见短语:traffic signals 交通信号灯;give/send a signal 发出信号。
The traffic turned red, so I stopped my car.交通信号灯变红了,所以我停下了车。
拓展 signal 还可以作动词,意为“发信号;示意”。常见结构:signal (to) sb. to do sth. 意为“示意某人做某事”。
He signaled the waiter to bring the bill.他示意服务员拿账单来。
6.She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and she won the award twice in two different fields!她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性,而且她在两个不同领域两次获奖!(教材 P94)
award 作名词,意为“奖;奖品;奖金”
常见短语:win/receive an award 意为“获奖”。
She received a gold medal as an for her excellent performance.她因出色的表现获得了一枚金牌作为奖励。
拓展 award 还可以做动词,意为“授予;颁发;奖励”。常见用法如下:
award sb. sth. 意为“授予某人某物”
award sth. to sb. 意为“把某物授予某人”
Our school will him a prize for his progress.我们学校将因他的进步给他颁奖。
They scholarships to excellent students every year.他们每年给优秀学生颁发奖学金。
7.The designer of the great project known as China Sky Eye.被称为“中国天眼”的伟大工程的设计者。(教材 P95)
designer 作名词,意为“设计师;设计者”,其动词形式为 design。
常见短语:a fashion designer 意为“时装设计师”;
a web designer 意为“网页设计师”。
Coco Chanel was a famous fashion in the 20th century.可可·香奈儿是 20 世纪一位著名的时装设计师。
My uncle is a of new energy cars.我的叔叔是一名新能源汽车设计师。
8.He joined the army at a young age and fought many times in his life.他年少从军,一生征战多次。(教材 P96)
army 作名词,常见用法如下:
意为“军队;陆军”,指其复数形式为 armies。
常见短语:join the army 意为“参军;入伍”
意为“大群;大批”
My grandfather served in the during World War II.我祖父在第二次世界大战期间在军队服役。
an army of workers一大群工人
an army of problems一大堆问题
9.He trained a strong army and led it to fight against enemies who crossed the sea from Japan.他训练了一支强大的军队,并率领这支军队抗击渡海而来的倭寇。(教材 P96)
enemy 作名词,常见用法如下:
意为“敌人;仇敌”,其复数形式为 enemies。
常见短语:make an enemy of sb. 意为“与某人为敌”;
natural enemies 意为“天敌”
作名词,意为“危害物;大敌”
常见短语:the enemy of... 意为“……的敌人”
In the story, the lion and the mouse became friends instead of .在这个故事里,狮子和老鼠成了朋友而不是敌人。
Laziness is success.懒惰是成功的敌人。
10.His army was honored as the “Army of Qi” in Chinese history.他的军队在中国历史上被誉为“戚家军”。(教材 P96)
be honored as 固定短语,意为“被尊称为;被授予……的荣誉称号”。
Yuan Longping the “Father of Hybrid Rice” for his great contribution to agriculture.袁隆平因其对农业的巨大贡献而被尊称为“杂交水稻之父”。
11. He was a great agricultural scientist.他是一位伟大的农业科学家。(教材 P97)
agricultural 作形容词,意为“农业的;农学的”,由“名词 agriculture + 后缀 -al”构成,用于修饰名词。
常见短语:agricultural products 农产品;
agricultural technology 农业技术;
agricultural production 农业生产。
The country is trying to improve its production.这个国家正在努力提高其农业生产。
Modern technology helps farmers grow food with less pollution.现代农业技术帮助农民种植更多粮食,同时减少污染。
拓展 agriculture 作不可数名词,意为“农业;农学”
常见短语:develop agriculture 意为“发展农业”。
China has a long history of .中国有着悠久的农业历史。
12.After years of hard work, her greatness was finally recognized by the world.经过多年的辛勤工作,她的伟大终于得到了世界的认可。(教材 P98)
recognize 作动词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“承认;意识到”,常见结构:recognize sth. as/to be... 意为“承认某事是……”
(2)意为“认出;识别”,常见结构:recognize sb./sth. 意为“认出某人/某物”
(3)意为“公认;赏识”,常见短语:be recognized as sth. 意为“被公认为……”
He quickly that he had made a serious mistake.他很快意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。
I her by her red hat.我通过她红色的帽子认出了她。
The book now is a classic.这本书现在是一本公认的经典名著。
13.In her early twenties, Tu studied medicine at Beijing Medical College and developed a strong interest in herbal medicine.二十岁出头时,屠呦呦在北京医学院学习医学,并对草药产生了浓厚的兴趣。(教材 P98)
develop an interest in 作动词短语,意为“对……产生 / 培养起兴趣”。
She painting during her summer vacation.她在暑假期间对绘画产生了兴趣。
拓展 develop 作动词,意为“发展;开发;培养”
常见短语:develop a habit
develop a skill
Children need to from an early age.儿童需要从小培养良好的阅读习惯。
14.In the 1960s, many people were suffering from a serious disease which took lots of people’s lives.20 世纪 60 年代,许多人患上了一种严重疾病,这种疾病夺走了很多人的生命。(教材 P98)
suffer from 固定短语,意为“遭受;因……而受苦;患有(疾病)”
常用搭配:
suffer from a cold 患感冒
suffer from headaches 头痛
suffer from poverty 遭受贫困
People there hunger and hope for a better life.那里的人们饱受饥饿之苦,期盼更好的生活。
Many people heart disease.许多人患有心脏病。
15.As the developer of the drug, Tu is still working on exploring Traditional Chinese Medicine and introducing it to the world.作为该药物的研发者,屠呦呦仍在致力于探索传统中医药并将其推向世界。(教材 P98)
work on 作动词短语,意为“从事于;致力于”,指“花费时间和精力去制作、研究或改进某物”,强调具体的“工作对象”或“项目”。
She is a new novel.她正在致力于写一部新小说。
You should your pronunciation.你应该多练发音。
拓展 与 work 相关的常见短语:
work as
work for
work out
16.As is known to us all, Dickens’ novels have enriched English literature.众所周知,狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学。(教材 P100)
as is known to us all 固定表达,意为“众所周知;我们大家都知道”,是一个非限制性定语从句,通常放在句首、句中或句尾,用逗号与句子隔开,相当于 It is well known that... 或 As we all know。
, the earth revolves around the sun.
=It is well that the earth revolves around the sun.
= we all know, the earth revolves around the sun.
众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
17.He was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about how to behave well.他是一位伟大的思想家,对于如何举止得体有许多明智的见解。(教材 P101)
behave 作不及物动词,意为“表现;举止”
常见搭配:behave oneself 意为“守规矩;举止得体”,常见结构:主语 + behave(s) + (well/badly/properly)。
The children very well during the visit.孩子们在参观期间表现得很好。
拓展 名词形式为 behavior,意为“行为;举止”,由“动词 behave 去 e + 后缀 -ior”构成
常见短语:good behavior 意为
strange behavior 意为
His at the party was very rude.他在派对上的举止非常粗鲁。
18.However, the masters of Laizhou Brush refuse to give up this traditional art and have solved many problems in making the brush.然而,莱州毛笔的大师们拒绝放弃这门传统艺术,并且已经解决了制作毛笔的过程中的许多问题。(教材 P101)
refuse 作动词,意为“拒绝”,其反义词是 accept(接受)或 agree(同意)。常见用法如下:
refuse to do sth. 意为“拒绝做某事”
refuse + 名词 / 代词
She refused answer the question.她拒绝回答那个问题。
He my invitation.他拒绝了我的邀请。
19.Unluckily, he lost his legs in a car accident.不幸的是,他在一场车祸中失去了他的双腿。(教材 P102)
unluckily 作副词,意为“不幸地;不巧地”,其同义词为 unfortunately。常放句首,后用逗号和句子隔开。
, I missed the last train.不幸的是,我错过了最后一班火车。
拓展 ①形容词为 lucky,意为“幸运的”
常见短语:a lucky person 一个幸运的人;
a lucky day 幸运的一天。
You were to get that job.你能得到那份工作真是幸运。
②名词为 luck,意为“运气;好运”
常见短语:good luck 好运;bad luck 坏运气。
plays a big part in winning the lottery.买彩票中奖很大程度上靠运气。
20. In my eyes, cleaners are great people.在我看来,清洁工是伟大的人。(教材 P102)
in one’s eyes 固定短语,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“在某人看来;以某人的观点来看”,相当于 in one’s opinion,in one’s view 或 to one’s mind
(2)意为“在某人眼中(流露出……)”,常见结构:There is ... in one’s eyes.
, he is the best teacher in the school.在我看来,他是学校里最好的老师。
There was great sadness when she heard the news.当她听到这个消息时,眼中流露出了巨大的悲伤。
21.And most of all, they do the same cleaning day after day...最重要的是,他们日复一日地做着同样的清洁工作……(教材 P102)
(1) most of all 固定短语,意为“尤其;最重要的是”,用于强调在一系列事物或人中,某一个是最重要、最喜欢或受影响最大的。它通常放在句末或句中,用来加强语气。
I like apples, bananas, and oranges, but I like pears .我喜欢苹果、香蕉和橙子,但我最喜欢的是梨。
拓展与 all 相关的常见短语:
after all
in all
at all
first of all
above all
all in all
(2) day after day 固定短语,意为“日复一日;一天又一天”,常带有“枯燥、乏味或坚持不懈”的感情色彩。
The old man sat by the window, watching the rain fall .那位老人坐在窗边,日复一日地看着雨落下。
22.However, instead of settling down in a big city, Huang chose to go back to her hometown village, and worked as a village Party secretary. 然而,她没有选择在大城市安家落户,而是选择回到家乡的村庄,担任村党支部书记。(教材 P103)
settle 作动词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“定居;安家”,常见短语:settle down 意为“定居下来;安顿下来”
(2)意为“解决;结束(争论、纠纷等)”
(3)意为“安排;安放”
(4)意为“(使)平静;(使)安定”,指“情绪或情况恢复平静”
After years of traveling, they decided to in a small village by the sea.在多年的旅行之后,他们决定在一个海边的小村庄定居下来。
The two sides finally their differences and reached an agreement.双方最终解决了分歧并达成了协议。
The bird itself on a branch.鸟儿在树枝上安顿好自己。
It took a long time for the baby to after the loud noise.巨大的噪声过后,过了很久婴儿才平静下来。
23.Many villagers doubted Huang’s ability.许多村民曾怀疑黄文秀的能力。(教材 P103)
doubt 作动词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“怀疑;不相信”
(2)意为“认为……未必可能”,在否定句和疑问句中,doubt 后常跟 that 从句;在肯定句中,doubt 后常跟 if 或 whether 从句。
I don’t that he will come on time.我毫不怀疑他会准时到来。
I whether we will arrive on time.我怀疑我们是否能准时到达。
拓展 doubt 还可以作名词,还有以下用法:
(1)意为“疑虑;未确定”
(2)意为“怀疑;疑惑”
常见短语:no doubt 无疑地,确实地;without doubt 毫无疑问;in doubt 不确定;有疑问。
常用句型:There is no/some doubt that…. 意为“毫无疑问的是……/对……还有一些疑问”
She accepted the job .她毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作。
about the truth of the news.人们对于这则新闻的真实性存在一些疑问。
24.Huang showed great patience and creativity to prove herself.黄文秀展现了极大的耐心和创造力来证明自己。(教材 P103)
patience 作名词,意为“耐心;忍耐力”,为不可数名词。
常见短语:have patience with sb./sth. 意为“对某人/某事有耐心”
lose patience (with sb.) 意为“(对某人)失去耐心”
be out of patience with sb./sth. 意为“对某人/某事忍无可忍”。
Teachers should have enough with their students, especially when they make mistakes.老师应该对学生有足够的耐心,尤其是当学生犯错的时候。
拓展 patience 的形容词形式为 patient,意为“有耐心的;能忍耐的”,常见短语:be patient with sb./sth. 意为“对某人/某事有耐心”。
The doctor was very his patients.这位医生对他的病人们非常有耐心。
25.Organize reading activities for children为孩子们组织阅读活动 (教材 P105)
organize 作动词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“组织;筹备”
常见短语:organize a meeting/party/trip/ 意为“组织会议/派对/旅行……”,
organize one’s time 意为“安排某人的时间”。
(2)意为“规划;管理”
Our class monitor is very responsible and good at class activities.我们的班长非常负责,很擅长组织班级活动。
It’s a good habit to your school things in your bag every night.每天晚上把书包里的学习用品整理好是一个好习惯。
拓展organize 的名词形式为 organization,意为“组织;团体;机构”
organize 的形容词形式为 organized,意为“有组织的;有条理的”
The Red Cross is an international that helps people in need.红十字会是一个帮助有需要的人的国际组织。
An person always knows where his things are.一个做事有条理的人总是知道他的东西在哪里。
26.Many people follow his example and make efforts to help others. 许多人以他为榜样,努力去帮助他人。(教材 P106)
follow one’s example 动词短语,意为“效仿某人;以某人为榜样”。
We should to be honest and helpful.我们应该以老师为榜样,做到诚实和乐于助人。
27.He himself was just a tricycle rider who made his living by collecting waste. 他自己只是一个靠收废品谋生的三轮车夫。(教材 P106)
make one’s living 固定短语,意为“谋生;维持生计”,相当于 make a living 或 earn one’s living。
常见句型:make/earn one’s/a living by doing sth. 意为“通过做某事来谋生”。
In the old days, my grandfather made his living by fishing on the river.在过去,我的祖父靠在河上捕鱼为生。
28.He is the first Chinese athlete who won an Olympic gold medal in history. 他是历史上第一位获得奥运会金牌的中国运动员。(教材 P107)
gold 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“金;黄金”,为不可数名词。常见短语:a piece of gold 意为“一块黄金”,gold medal 意为“金牌”。
(2)意为“金币;黄金制品”
(3)意为“金色;金黄色”
is valuable and often used to make jewelry.黄金很珍贵,常被用来制作珠宝。
The pirates buried their on a secret island.海盗们把他们的财宝埋在一个秘密的岛上。
The sky turned beautiful as the sun set.太阳落山时,天空变成了美丽的金黄色。
拓展gold 还可以作形容词,意为“金色的”,用来修饰名词。
The company name was spelled out in letters.公司名称被金色字母拼了出来。
29.At an early age, he started to show great love and talent for shooting. 年幼时,他就开始展现出对射击的极大热情和天赋。(教材 P107)
talent 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“天赋;才能”,常用搭配为:have a talent for (doing) sth. 意为“在 (做) 某事方面有天赋”
(2)意为“人才;有才能的人”,为可数名词。常见短语:young talent 意为“青年人才”
She has a for music and can play several instruments beautifully.她很有音乐天赋,能优美地演奏好几种乐器。
The company is looking for new to join their team.这家公司正在寻找新的人才加入他们的团队。
30.As a country boy from a poor family, he only had home-made guns to practice shooting. 作为一个来自贫困家庭的农村男孩,他只能用自制的枪械练习射击。(教材 P107)
home-made 作形容词,意为“自制的;家里做的”,是复合形容词,由 “home + make” 构成,通常作定语修饰名词。
类似形容词还有:handmade 手工的;man-made 人造的。
常见短语:home-made food 意为“家常便饭/自制食品”,
home-made cake 意为“自制蛋糕”。
My grandmother’s apple pie is the most delicious dessert I’ve ever eaten.我奶奶做的苹果派是我吃过的最美味的甜点。
31.However, he trained very hard to develop his skills as a shooter, even though he had no coach. 然而,即使没有教练,他也非常努力地训练以提高射击技能。(教材 P107)
coach 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“教练”,常见短语:a football/basketball coach 足球/篮球教练,the head coach 主教练
(2)意为“长途客车;大巴”
Our new basketball is very strict but he helps us improve a lot.我们的新篮球教练非常严格,但他帮助我们提高了很多。
We took a from Beijing to Shanghai last summer vacation.去年暑假我们坐长途汽车从北京去了上海。
拓展 coach 还可以作动词,意为“训练;指导”
常见短语:coach sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事;coach a team 训练一支队伍。
He the young players to work together as a team.他指导年轻队员们学会团队协作。
32.One year later, he started his sports career in the national team. 一年后,他在国家队开始了他的运动生涯。(教材 P107)
career 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“生涯;职业”,常见短语:a teaching career 意为“教学生涯”,career development 意为“职业发展”
(2)意为“经历;事业”,常用短语:start one’s career 意为“开始某人的职业生涯”
She has a successful as a lawyer.她作为一名律师,事业很成功。
He is playing the best tennis of his .他正处于他网球事业的巅峰时期。
33.Xu Haifeng’s achievements go beyond those of an athlete.许海峰的成就不只在于作为运动员成绩斐然。(教材 P107)
go beyond 固定短语,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“超出;超越”,常见搭配:go beyond the limit 超出限度;go beyond one’s expectations 超出某人的预期
(2)意为“在……之外”
The cost of the project might our budget.这个项目的成本可能会超出我们的预算。
The truth what we can see with our eyes.真相超出了我们肉眼所能看见的范围。
The beauty of nature is words.大自然的美难以用语言形容。
34.In a word, Xu’s story is a victory for both himself and our country. 总之,许海峰的故事对他自己和我们的国家来说都是一场胜利。(教材 P107)
victory 作名词,常见用法如下:
(1)意为“胜利;成功”,常用搭配:win/achieve a victory over sb. 意为“战胜某人/取得对某人的胜利”。
(2)意为“克服;战胜”
The team celebrated their after winning the championship.队伍在赢得冠军后庆祝他们的胜利。
Giving up smoking was a small for him, but it was a very important step.戒烟对他来说是一个小小的胜利,却是非常重要的一步。
五.语法串讲
前缀 en-
前缀 en- 的构词规律、核心例词与固定搭配,以及定语从句(who 和 whom 引导)的基本概念、用法区分与中考易错点,清晰呈现前缀构词与指人关系代词的选词规则。
前缀 en-
基本含义
en- 加在形容词或名词前构成动词,表示“使……;使拥有/陷入”
able→ (使能够);courage→ (鼓励);
large→ (扩大)
构词规则
en- + 形容词:able→enable、rich→enrich、sure→ensure;en- + 名词:courage→encourage、danger→endanger、large→enlarge
large→ (扩大);rich→ (使丰富)
核心例词
enable / enlarge / enrich / ensure / encourage / endanger
Good books can
our minds.(好书能丰富我们的思想。)
固定搭配
enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事;encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
The app us to learn anytime.(这款应用使我们能随时学习。)
易错提醒
enjoy、enter 中的 en 不是前缀,是单词本身的一部分,不表示“使”,不能拆分为 en + joy / en + ter
enjoy 整体是独立单词,意为“享受”
关系副词引导的定语从句
when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the year you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。
We don’t know the reason he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。
(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
That is the school I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。
(4)介词+关系代词
关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替,要注意其先行词(名词)与介词的合理搭配,介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。
when 相当于“at/in/on/during + which”
where 相当于“in/at/on + which”
why 相当于“for + which”
王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。
The factory is a shoe factory. Mr.Wang works in the factory.
这个句子有以下三种表达方式:
The factory is a shoe factory which/that Mr. Wang works in.
The factory is a shoe factory in which Mr. Wang works.
The factory is a shoe factory where Mr. Wang works.
并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why,若先行词在定语从句中不作状语,而是作主语或宾语,就必须用which或that。
(5)易混易错
1.只能用which引导的定语从句
(1)在引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that。如:
The tree, is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(此句中的which不能换成that)
这棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。
(2)介词后不能用that。如:
We depend on the land from we get our food.(介词from后不能用that)
我们依靠土地获得食物。
2.判断关系代词与关系副词
用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。若谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语,就用关系代词;若谓语动词是及物动词且后面有宾语或谓语动词是不及物动词,则要用关系副词。如:
I’ll never forget the day I first met him.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。
The house I live now was bought five years ago.我现在住的房子是五年前买的。
六.写作串讲
写作题目
A True Hero in My Eyes(我心中真正的英雄)
请以“A True Hero in My Eyes”为题,介绍一位你敬佩的英雄人物(伟人、榜样、平凡英雄均可),讲述其事迹与品质,词数 80—120 词。
核心写作素材
高分好词
encourage v. 鼓励;
enrich v. 丰富;
enlarge v. 扩大;
devote v. 奉献;
admire v. 敬佩;
perseverance n. 坚持;
follow one’s example 以某人为榜样;
out of poverty 摆脱贫困
万能佳句
A true hero is not famous for glory, but for great deeds and kind hearts.真正的英雄不在于名气,而在于伟大的事迹和善良的本心。
Their noble spirit encourages us to keep moving forward in our life.他们高尚的精神激励我们在生活中奋勇前行。
适配谚语
A hero is known in the time of misfortune. 时势造英雄。
写作模板
段落板块
英文万能模板
写作思路
开头(总起,1 句话)
Everyone has a hero in their heart. The hero who I admire most is __________.
用who定语从句开篇,开门见山点明写作人物,贴合单元语法
正文第一段(人物简介)
He/She is a great person who devotes himself/herself to helping others. He/She always __________(encourage) people to face difficulties bravely.
使用en-前缀核心词汇、定语从句,介绍人物身份与美好品质
正文第二段(主要事迹)
In his/her life, he/she did many meaningful things. These great actions enrich our life and bring us warmth and hope.
讲述人物具体贡献,运用单元重点动词enrich,充实文章内容
结尾(感悟升华)
I learn a lot from him/her. I will follow his/her example and try to be a useful person in the future.
第一人称收尾,升华主题,表达学习英雄、积极成长的决心
英文范文
A True Hero in My Eyes
Everyone has a hero in their heart. The hero who I admire most is Huang Wenxiu.
我心中真正的英雄
每个人心中都有一位英雄,我最敬佩的英雄是黄文秀。
她是一位全心全意为贫困村民服务的伟大人物。她毕业于知名大学,却选择回到家乡。她总是鼓励村民树立自信,帮助大家改善生活。她的辛勤付出极大丰富了当地人的生活,帮助许多家庭摆脱了贫困。
虽然她早早离开了我们,但她的精神一直激励着我。我从她身上学到了坚持与善良。今后我会以她为榜样,尽自己最大的努力帮助他人。
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