内容正文:
Unit 2 Greener Planet , Better Home
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
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Preparing for the Topic
1.pollution n.污染
2.union n.联合会;协会;同盟
3.awareness n.知道;意识:兴趣
4.whale n.鲸
5.giraffe n.长颈鹿
6.eagle n.雕:鹰
7.dolphin n.海豚
8.sort v.把......分类;整理n.种类;类别
9.journalist n.新闻记者;新闻工作者
10.interview v.记者采访;面试
11.environmental adj.自然环境的
12.organization n.组织;团体;机构
13.pardon excl请再说一遍,n.原谅
14.recycle v.回收利用;再利用
15.*toilet n.厕所;卫生间;盥洗室
16.donate v.捐赠,赠送
17.charity n.慈善机构(或组织);慈善事业
Exploring the Topic
18.wastewater n.废水
19.loudspeaker n.扬声器;扩音器;喇叭
20.negative adj.坏的;有害的
21.blood n.血液
22.grey adj.灰色的;灰白色的
23.correctly adv.准确无误地;正确地;恰当地
24.cooperate v.合作;协作
25.ever adv.曾经;在任何时候,从来
26.found v.创建,创办
27.award v .授予;颁发n.奖;奖品
28.medal n.奖章
29.honour n.尊敬,尊重
30.introduction n.介绍;序言;引言;导论
Developing the Topic
31.suffer v.(因疾病、痛苦等)受苦,受折磨:遭受
Wrapping Up the Topic
32.tick v.打对号;标记号
33.packaging n.外包装;包装材料
34.cloth n.织物;布料
35.greening n.绿化
36.process n.过程;进程
37.lung n.肺
二.重点短语背默
1.take action采取行动
2.put...at risk将......置于危险或风险之中
3.green traveling 绿色出行
4.waste sorting 垃圾分类
5.environmental protection 环境保护
6.make use of 利用
7.turn...into ...把......变为......
8.pour into(倾)倒人;流入
9.high blood pressure 高血压
10.heart disease 心脏病
11.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
12.take the chance 冒险一试
13.set up建立;安装;筹备
14.protect...from...保护......免受......伤害
15.in honor of为向......表示敬意;为纪念.....
16.clean up整理;清洁;打扫
17.throw...away扔掉
18.keep doing sth.坚持做某事;一直做某事
19.a member of .........的成员
20.main cause主要原因
21.as a result 结果
22.in a word 简言之;总之
23.say no to拒绝,不同意
24.according to 根据;依照
25.make a big difference in 在......方面产生的影响
26.cry for help大声求救
27.most importantly 最重要的是
28.make efforts to do sth.尽力去做某事
三.重点句子背默
1.Unsafe water has made many people sick in the past few years ... “在过去的几年里,不安全的水已经导致许多人生病”
2. Factories have stopped pouring wastewater into the river. 工厂已经停止往河里倾倒废水。
3.In the 1980s, the Chinese government began to encourage people to plant trees in the northern part of China.20世纪80年代,中国政府开始倡导民众在中国北方地区植树。
4. In 2021, Shi Guangyin was awarded the July 1 Medal in honor of his efforts to control desert growth.2021年,石光银被授予“七一勋章”,以表彰他在防治荒漠化方面的贡献。
5. Most importantly, we should do everything possible to prevent pollution. 最重要的, 我们应该尽一切可能防止污染。
6. As we all know, small acts can make a big difference, and we can make it happen if we act as one.众所周知,小小的举动可以产生很大的影响,如果我们齐心协力,就能实现这一目标。
四.核心知识点解析
核心单词解析
考点1:pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ n. 污染
固定搭配:air pollution 空气污染
water pollution 水污染
reduce pollution 减少污染
例句Water pollution does harm to fish in the river.水污染对河里的鱼类有害。
变化:pollute v. 污染
例句:Factories shouldn’t pollute the river.工厂不应该污染这条河流。
对比:pollute(动词):主语+pollute+宾语,表动作;
pollution(名词):作主语/宾语,表事物。
对比:
The factory pollutes the river.(动词,动作)
The river has serious pollution.(名词,现象)
考点2:sort /sɔːt/ v. 把……分类;整理;n. 种类;类别
用法
1)v. 及物动词,sort sth. 把某物分类整理
2)n. 可数名词,a sort of 一种;sorts of 各种各样的
固定搭配
sort out 整理;把……分类
a sort of 一种
all sorts of 各种各样的
例句Please sort out the rubbish before recycling.回收前请把垃圾分类整理好。
变化:sorted(过去式/过去分词);sorting(现在分词)
例句:She is sorting out old books.她正在整理旧书。
对比:sort(n.种类)与 kind:
a sort of = a kind of 一种;
all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样;
口语中sort更随意,kind使用范围更广。
考点3: environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 自然环境的
固定搭配:
environmental protection 环境保护
environmental problem 环境问题
例句We should pay attention to environmental protection.我们应当重视环境保护。
词形变化:environment n. 环境
例句:We should protect our environment.我们应当保护我们的环境。
对比:environment(名词):指客观环境;environmental(形容词):用来修饰名词。
1.We need a clean environment.(名词)
2.We have many environmental problems.(形容词)
考点4: organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 组织;团体;机构
用法:可数名词,复数 organizations
固定搭配:a charity organization 慈善组织
例句This organization helps poor children.这个组织帮助贫困儿童。
词形变化:organize v. 组织;筹备
例句:We will organize a volunteer activity.我们将要组织一次志愿活动。
对比:organize(动词):侧重“组织活动”这个动作;
organization(名词):指“组织、机构”这个实体。
考点5: recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用;再利用
核心用法:及物动词,recycle sth. 回收某物
固定搭配:recycle waste paper 回收废纸
例句We can recycle plastic bottles.我们可以回收塑料瓶。
词形变化:recyclable adj. 可回收的;recycling n.回收利用
例句:These boxes are recyclable.这些盒子是可回收的。
语法拓展:re‑前缀:recycle = re(再)+cycle(循环),表示“再次循环”。
同类:reuse 再利用;rewrite重写。
考点6:donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠,赠送
固定搭配:donate sth. to sb./sth. 向……捐赠某物
例句Many people donate money to the charity.很多人向慈善机构捐款。
词形变化:donation n. 捐赠;捐赠物
例句:Thanks for your donation.感谢你的捐赠。
对比:donate(动词):donate sth. to sb.;
donation(名词):a donation of … 一笔捐赠。
1.He donated books to the school.(动词)
2.He made a donation of books to the school.(名词)
考点7:negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 坏的;有害的;消极的
固定搭配:negative influence 负面影响
例句Too much online time has a negative influence on students.过多上网时间会对学生产生负面影响。
词形变化:negatively adv. 消极地
negative(消极的)↔ positive(积极的)
例句:Don’t think negatively.不要消极地思考。
考点8:found /faʊnd/ v. 创建,创办
核心用法:及物动词;注意:found 不是 find 的过去式!
find(找到)过去式:found;found(创办)原形,过去式 founded
固定搭配:found a club 创办俱乐部
例句He founded a volunteer club last year.他去年创办了一个志愿者社团。
词形变化:found‑founded‑founded;foundation n. 基础;基金会
例句:The foundation helps homeless people.这个基金会帮助无家可归的人。
对比:【超级易错】:find (找到) → found (过去式) → found(过去分词)
found(创办)→ founded(过去式)→ founded(过去分词)
I found my pen. 我找到了我的钢笔。
He founded the group. 他创办了这个团体。
考点9:award /əˈwɔːd/ v. 授予;颁发;n. 奖;奖品
核心用法:
1)v. award sth. to sb. 把某物授予某人
2)n. 可数名词,奖项
固定搭配award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物
win an award 获奖
例句The teacher awarded a prize to the top student.老师把奖品授予了优等生。
词形变化:awarded(过去式/过去分词)
例句:He was awarded the first prize.他被授予一等奖。
对比:award(授予,官方颁发) vs reward(回报、奖赏)
award:官方颁奖;
reward:回报,酬劳。
1.He got an award.(官方奖项)
2.He got a reward for his help.(回报)
考点10:honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 尊敬,尊重;荣誉(美式:honor)
固定搭配:It’s my honour to do sth. 做某事是我的荣幸
例句It’s my honour to speak here.很荣幸能在这里发言。
词形变化:honourable adj. 可敬的
例句:He is an honourable man.他是一位可敬的人。
对比:honour 名词;honour sb. 动词:尊重某人。
1.We should honour our teachers.(动词:尊敬)
2. It’s my honour.(名词:荣幸)
考点11: suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. (因疾病、痛苦等)受苦,受折磨;遭受
核心用法:不及物动词,suffer from + 疾病/痛苦;suffer + 损失、伤害
固定搭配:suffer from 遭受(疾病、痛苦)
例句Many old people suffer from back pain.很多老人受背痛折磨。
词形变化:suffering n. 苦难;痛苦
例句:We should care about their suffering.我们应当关心他们的苦难。
语法对比:suffer from + 疾病、病痛、长期痛苦
suffer + 损失、失败、伤害(直接接宾语,不加from)
He suffers from a cold. 他感冒了。
The city suffered great loss.这座城市遭受巨大损失。
核心短语解析
考点1:take action 采取行动
用法:不及物短语;take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
例句:We must take action to protect the environment.我们必须采取行动保护环境。
考点2: put … at risk 将……置于危险或风险之中
用法:put +宾语+ at risk;宾语是人/事物
例句:Pollution puts our health at risk.污染把我们的健康置于危险之中。
拓展:at risk 处于危险中(单独使用)
People are at risk. 人们处于危险之中。
考点3: make use of 利用
用法:make use of sth. 利用某物;
make good use of 好好利用
例句:We should make good use of our free time.我们应该好好利用我们的空闲时间。
语法辨析:被动:make good use of → good use is made of
Good use should be made of time. 应当充分利用时间。
考点4:turn … into … 把……变为……
用法:turn A into B 把A转变成B
例句:We can turn waste into useful things.我们可以把废物变成有用的东西。
辨析:turn…into…(形态、性质转变);
change…into… 也可表示转变,二者常互换。
考点5: encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
用法:encourage +宾语 + to do;
例句:My teacher encourages me to study hard.我的老师鼓励我努力学习。
词形变形:encouragement n.鼓励;
encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的
例句:His words are encouraging. 他的话令人鼓舞。
考点6:protect … from … 保护……免受……伤害
用法:protect A from B 保护A不受B伤害
例句:Sunscreen can protect our skin from the sun.防晒霜可以保护我们的皮肤免受太阳伤害。
辨析:protect…from… 防止外界伤害;
keep…from… 阻止……做某事。
考点7:in honor of 为向……表示敬意;为纪念……
用法:介词短语,常放句首或句末;美式拼写 in honor of;英式 in honour of
例句:We held a party in honor of the old hero.我们举办晚会向这位老英雄表示敬意。
考点8:keep doing sth. 坚持做某事;一直做某事
用法:keep + doing动名词;强调动作持续不断
例句:He keeps practicing English every day.他每天坚持练习英语。
易混对比:
keep doing sth. 一直做某事(持续)
keep on doing sth. 反复做某事(强调反复)
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
考点9:in a word 简言之;总之
用法:介词短语,放在句首,总结上文,后面用逗号隔开
例句:In a word, we should care about our environment.总之,我们应该爱护我们的环境。
拓展:in short 简言之;
in conclusion 总而言之。
考点10:make a big difference in 在……方面产生重大影响
用法:make a big difference in +名词;difference可数;
例句:Small actions can make a big difference in our world.微小行动可以对我们的世界产生巨大影响。
拓展:make no difference 没有影响;
make some difference 有些影响。
考点11:make efforts to do sth. 尽力去做某事
用法:make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事;
effort常用复数;
也可说 make an effort to do sth.
例句:We should make efforts to protect wild animals.我们应当尽力保护野生动物。
辨析:make efforts to do = try to do 尽力做某事。
核心句子解析
考点1:Unsafe water has made many people sick in the past few years ... “在过去的几年里,不安全的水已经导致许多人生病”
“in the past/last +数词+years/weeks/months/days...”都可用于现在完成时态。
例如:My hometown has changed a lot in the past ten years. 在过去的 10年里,我的家乡变化非常大。
In the past two years, I have been to Beijing three times.在过去两年里,我去了北京三次。
考点2:Factories have stopped pouring wastewater into the river. 工厂已经停往河里倾倒废水。
stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”,指停下现在正在做的事。
而stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”,指停下原本做的事情去做另一件事情。
例如:
The teacher is coming,and we must stop talking.老师来了,我们必须停止说话了。
We have worked for nearly 2 hours. Let's stop to have a rest. 我已经续工作近 2 小时了,让我们停下来休息会吧。
考点3:In the 1980s, the Chinese government began to encourage people to plant trees in the northern part of China.20世纪80年代,中国政府开始倡导民众在中国北方地区植树。
encourage意为“支持;鼓励;激励”,其名词形式为encouragement,意为“鼓励;鼓舞;起激励作用的事物”。
而名词courage表示“勇气;勇敢;胆量”。
例如:Her words were a great encouragement to the students.她的话对这些学生来说是大的鼓励。
It takes great courage to say what you think.说出你的想法需要极大的勇气。
Encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人去做某事”。
例如:We should encourage teenagers to take part-time jobs. 我们应该鼓励青少年做兼职工作。
考点4:In 2021, Shi Guangyin was awarded the July 1 Medal in honor of his efforts to control desert growth.2021年,石光银被授予“七一勋章”,以表彰他在防治荒漠化方面的贡献。
In honor of意为“为了庆祝/纪念......;向......表示敬意”。
例如:They hold many kinds of activities in honor of old people to wish them good health and a long life.他们举办各种各样的敬老活动,祝老人健康、长寿。
I'm happy to host this dinner party in honor of you. 我高兴能举办这次晚宴来向您表示敬意。
考点5:Most importantly, we should do everything possible to prevent pollution. 最重要的, 我应该尽一切可能防止污染。
Everything possible意为“一切可能的事情”。当不定代词需要定语修饰时,定语通常置于不定代词之后,这种现象叫作“定语后置”。
例如:
The little girl would like something different to drink. 这个小女孩想喝点不一样的东西。
I will do everything necessary to help you.我会做一切必要的事来帮助你。
考点6:As we all know, small acts can make a big difference, and we can make it happen if we act as one.众所周知,小小的举动可以产生很大的影响,如果我们齐心协力,就能实现这一目标。
这是一个并列复合句,and连接两个分句。第二个分句中又含有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。
as we all know意为“众所周知”;
act as one意为“齐心协力”;
make a/no/some difference (to sb/sth)意为“(对某人/某物)有/没有/有些作用,关系,影响”;
make all the difference (to sb./sth)意为“(对某人/某物)关系重大;大不相同”。
例如:
Changing schools made a big difference to my life.转学对我的一生有着重大影响。
A few kind words at the right time made all the difference. 在当时候说体贴话,效果迥然不同。
五.语法串讲
前缀 re
re‑ 前缀含义:再;又;重新;回复
提醒:有些单词本身就带 re‑,不是由别的动词变来,不要强行拆分;
二、初中常见 re‑ 前缀单词
1.turn(转动)return返回;归还
2.write(写)rewrite重写
3.tell(告诉)retell复述;重述
4.build(建造)rebuild重建
5.use(使用)reuse再利用;重复使用
6.cycle(循环)recycle回收利用
7.start(开始)restart重新启动;重新开始
8.connect(连接)reconnect重新连接
9.cover(覆盖)recover恢复;痊愈
补充:
1.reply v. 回复(re‑+ply,初中高频)
2.repeat v. 重复(re‑+peat,初中高频)
三、例句
1.Please return the book to the library on time.请按时把书归还图书馆。
2.You need to rewrite this composition.你需要重写这篇作文。
3.Can you retell the story in your own words?你能用自己的话复述这个故事吗?
4.People will rebuild the old house.人们将要重建这座老房子。
5.We should reuse waste water.我们应该重复利用废水。
6.We can recycle paper and bottles.我们可以回收利用纸张和瓶子。
7.Please restart the computer.请重启这台电脑。
8.He hopes to recover from the illness soon.他希望尽快从疾病中恢复。
9.Please reply to my email soon.请尽快回复我的邮件。
10.Don’t repeat the same mistake.不要重复同样的错误。
现在完成时2
一. for和since在现在完成时中的应用
(1)在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这类状语通常由for或since引导。for后接一段时间,如for five years;而since后多接时间点,如since January 2020。
They have had the cat since they got married. 他们自结婚以来就一直养着这只猫。
They have been married for twenty years. 他们已经结婚二十年了。
(2)“since+时间点”和“for+时间段”常作现在完成时的标志。两者之间常可以进行同义转换。
Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist since eight years ago.=Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist for eight years.陈笑八年前就梦想成为一名生物学家。
(3)对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时,常用how long。
How long have you been like this? 你这个样子有多久了?
How long have you played tennis? 你打网球打了多长时间了?
二. 非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换
(1)在现在完成时的句子中,表示持续的动作或状态时,常用延续性动词与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
It has rained for three hours.雨已经下了三个小时了。
(2)与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词或表示状态的短语等。
I borrowed this magazine three months ago. 我三个月前借了这本杂志。
→I have kept this magazine for three months.这本杂志我已经借来三个月了。
(3)常见的非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的情况:
非延续性动词
延续性动词
现在完成时形式
borrow
keep
She has kept this book for three weeks.
leave
be away
They have been away from home for two days.
arrive/reach/get/move
be in/at
Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month.
come/go
be in/at
My mum has been in Beijing for two months.
begin/start
be on
The film has been on for an hour.
stop/finish/end
be over
The meeting has been over for two hours.
die
be dead
The lamb has been dead for some time.
join
be in/be a member of
Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.
become
be
How long has your sister been a teacher?
open
be open
The shop has been open for ten hours.
close
be closed
The market has been closed since 2010.
buy
have
He has had this motorcycle for two years.
fall asleep
be asleep
The dog has been asleep for several hours.
catch a cold
have a cold
How long have you had a cold?
fall ill
be ill
Mike has been ill for ten years.
get married
be married
They have been married for fifteen years.
get up
be up
They have been up for two hours.
come back
be back
The lost cat has been back since last night.
go out
be out
The old man has been out since last Friday.
(1)joined the club two years ago. 我两年前加入的这个俱乐部。→I have been in/a member of the club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部两年了。
(2)I bought this pop-up book about the Palace Museum one week ago. 我一周前买了这本关于故宫博物院的立体书。→I have had this pop-up book about the Palace Museum for one week. 我买来这本关于故宫博物院的立体书已经一周了。
六.写作串讲
本单元的主题是“绿色世界”,要求学生能够运用所学词汇、语法及句式介绍保护环境的重要性和措施。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①环境污染情况(问题阐述与原因分析);②保护环境的意义;③保护环境的措施;④呼吁参加环保行动。
中考书面表达与此主题相关的命题形式多样,例如向网站投稿、写一篇演讲稿等,通常以说明文或应用文的形式出现。
写作实例
地球是我们的家,人人都有责任保护它。现在环境方面的问题越来越多,为保护环境,作为中学生的你在日常生活中该注意些什么?请根据以下提示,以“How to be a green teenager”为题,写一篇短文。
提示:1.环境问题及危害;2.可以采取哪些措施来保护环境;3.你对于保护环境的看法。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.短文必须包含以上提示内容,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
How to be a green teenager
审题指导
1.体裁:说明文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:第一人称、第三人称
4.必备词句:
(1)these days如今
(2)for example比如
(3)be harmful to... 对……有害
(4)take action采取行动
(5)protect the environment保护环境
(6)turn off关闭
(7)divide...into... 把……分成……
(8)hope for希望
(9)pay attention关注
(10)better and better越来越好
(11)a rubbish dump垃圾场
(12)get rid of摆脱/除去
(13)break down情不自禁地哭起来
(14)time and time again一再
(15)in honour of...为纪念……
(16)raise public awareness of the environment提高公众的环保意识
(17)As teenagers, we should take action to protect the environment.作为青少年,我们应该采取行动保护环境。
(18)We can't hope for rapid change, but if everyone starts to pay attention, the environment will be better and better.我们不能期望快速改变,但如果每个人都开始关注,环境将会越来越好。
(19)Just keep working, no matter who criticizes you, no matter how long it takes, no matter how many times you fall.只管继续努力,无论谁批评你,无论要花费多长时间,无论你跌倒多少次。
谋篇布局
优秀范文
How to be a green teenager
These days, there are many problems with the environment. For example, lots of rubbish is produced and it is harmful to the environment. As teenagers, we should take action to protect the environment.
First, we'd better walk or ride a bike to school. Second, turn off the lights and water when we don't need them③. It saves money and causes less pollution. Finally, divide our rubbish into plastic, glass, paper and rubber so that we can recycle it easily.
We can't hope for rapid change, but if everyone starts to pay attention, the environment will be better and better. We should remember that it's everyone's duty to protect the environment.
$
Unit 2 Greener Planet Greener Planet , Better Home
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Preparing for the Topic
1. n.污染
2. n.联合会;协会;同盟
3. n.知道;意识:兴趣
4. n.鲸
5. n.长颈鹿
6. n.雕:鹰
7. n.海豚
8. v.把......分类;整理n.种类;类别
9. n.新闻记者;新闻工作者
10. v.记者采访;面试
11. adj.自然环境的
12. n.组织;团体;机构
13. excl请再说一遍,n.原谅
14. v.回收利用;再利用
15.* n.厕所;卫生间;盥洗室
16. v.捐赠,赠送
17. n.慈善机构(或组织);慈善事业
Exploring the Topic
18.wastewater n.废水
19.loudspeaker n.扬声器;扩音器;喇叭
20. adj.坏的;有害的
21. n.血液
22. adj.灰色的;灰白色的
23. adv.准确无误地;正确地;恰当地
24. v.合作;协作
25. adv.曾经;在任何时候,从来
26. v.创建,创办
27. v .授予;颁发n.奖;奖品
28. n.奖章
29. n.尊敬,尊重
30. n.介绍;序言;引言;导论
Developing the Topic
31. v.(因疾病、痛苦等)受苦,受折磨:遭受
Wrapping Up the Topic
32. v.打对号;标记号
33. n.外包装;包装材料
34. n.织物;布料
35. n.绿化
36. n.过程;进程
37. n.肺
二.重点短语背默
1. 采取行动
2. 将......置于危险或风险之中
3. 绿色出行
4. 垃圾分类
5. 环境保护
6. 利用
7. 把......变为......
8. (倾)倒人;流入
9. 高血压
10. 心脏病
11. 鼓励某人做某事
12. 冒险一试
13. 建立;安装;筹备
14. 保护......免受......伤害
15. 为向......表示敬意;为纪念.....
16. 整理;清洁;打扫
17. 扔掉
18. 坚持做某事;一直做某事
19. ......的成员
20. 主要原因
21. 结果
22. 简言之;总之
23. 拒绝,不同意
24. 根据;依照
25. 在......方面产生的影响
26. 大声求救
27. 最重要的是
28. 尽力去做某事
三.重点句子背默
1.Unsafe water has made many people sick ... “在过去的几年里,不安全的水已经导致许多人生病”
2. Factories have wastewater the river. 工厂已经停止往河里倾倒废水。
3.In the 1980s, the Chinese government began to of China.20世纪80年代,中国政府开始倡导民众在中国北方地区植树。
4. In 2021, Shi Guangyin was the July 1 Medal his efforts to .2021年,石光银被授予“七一勋章”,以表彰他在防治荒漠化方面的贡献。
5. Most importantly, we should do . 最重要的, 我们应该尽一切可能防止污染。
6. As we all know, , and we can .众所周知,小小的举动可以产生很大的影响,如果我们齐心协力,就能实现这一目标。
四.核心知识点解析
核心单词解析
考点1:pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ n. 污染
固定搭配:air pollution 空气污染
water pollution 水污染
reduce pollution 减少污染
例句Water does harm to fish in the river.水污染对河里的鱼类有害。
变化:pollute v. 污染
例句:Factories shouldn’t the river.工厂不应该污染这条河流。
对比:pollute(动词):主语+pollute+宾语,表动作;
pollution(名词):作主语/宾语,表事物。
对比:
The factory pollutes the river.(动词,动作)
The river has serious pollution.(名词,现象)
考点2:sort /sɔːt/ v. 把……分类;整理;n. 种类;类别
用法
1)v. 及物动词,sort sth. 把某物分类整理
2)n. 可数名词,a sort of 一种;sorts of 各种各样的
固定搭配
sort out 整理;把……分类
a sort of 一种
all sorts of 各种各样的
例句Please out the rubbish before recycling.回收前请把垃圾分类整理好。
变化:sorted(过去式/过去分词);sorting(现在分词)
例句:She is out old books.她正在整理旧书。
对比:sort(n.种类)与 kind:
a sort of = a kind of 一种;
all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样;
口语中sort更随意,kind使用范围更广。
考点3: environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 自然环境的
固定搭配:
environmental protection 环境保护
environmental problem 环境问题
例句We should pay attention to protection.我们应当重视环境保护。
词形变化:environment n. 环境
例句:We should protect our .我们应当保护我们的环境。
对比:environment(名词):指客观环境;environmental(形容词):用来修饰名词。
1.We need a clean environment.(名词)
2.We have many environmental problems.(形容词)
考点4: organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 组织;团体;机构
用法:可数名词,复数 organizations
固定搭配:a charity organization 慈善组织
例句This helps poor children.这个组织帮助贫困儿童。
词形变化:organize v. 组织;筹备
例句:We will a volunteer activity.我们将要组织一次志愿活动。
对比:organize(动词):侧重“组织活动”这个动作;
organization(名词):指“组织、机构”这个实体。
考点5: recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用;再利用
核心用法:及物动词,recycle sth. 回收某物
固定搭配:recycle waste paper 回收废纸
例句We can plastic bottles.我们可以回收塑料瓶。
词形变化:recyclable adj. 可回收的;recycling n.回收利用
例句:These boxes are .这些盒子是可回收的。
语法拓展:re‑前缀:recycle = re(再)+cycle(循环),表示“再次循环”。
同类:reuse 再利用;rewrite重写。
考点6:donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠,赠送
固定搭配:donate sth. to sb./sth. 向……捐赠某物
例句Many people money to the charity.很多人向慈善机构捐款。
词形变化:donation n. 捐赠;捐赠物
例句:Thanks for your .感谢你的捐赠。
对比:donate(动词):donate sth. to sb.;
donation(名词):a donation of … 一笔捐赠。
1.He donated books to the school.(动词)
2.He made a donation of books to the school.(名词)
考点7:negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 坏的;有害的;消极的
固定搭配:negative influence 负面影响
例句Too much online time has a influence on students.过多上网时间会对学生产生负面影响。
词形变化:negatively adv. 消极地
negative(消极的)↔ positive(积极的)
例句:Don’t think negatively.不要消极地思考。
考点8:found /faʊnd/ v. 创建,创办
核心用法:及物动词;注意:found 不是 find 的过去式!
find(找到)过去式:found;found(创办)原形,过去式 founded
固定搭配:found a club 创办俱乐部
例句He a volunteer club last year.他去年创办了一个志愿者社团。
词形变化:found‑founded‑founded;foundation n. 基础;基金会
例句:The helps homeless people.这个基金会帮助无家可归的人。
对比:【超级易错】:find (找到) → found (过去式) → found(过去分词)
found(创办)→ founded(过去式)→ founded(过去分词)
I found my pen. 我找到了我的钢笔。
He founded the group. 他创办了这个团体。
考点9:award /əˈwɔːd/ v. 授予;颁发;n. 奖;奖品
核心用法:
1)v. award sth. to sb. 把某物授予某人
2)n. 可数名词,奖项
固定搭配award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物
win an award 获奖
例句The teacher a prize to the top student.老师把奖品授予了优等生。
词形变化:awarded(过去式/过去分词)
例句:He was the first prize.他被授予一等奖。
对比:award(授予,官方颁发) vs reward(回报、奖赏)
award:官方颁奖;
reward:回报,酬劳。
1.He got an award.(官方奖项)
2.He got a reward for his help.(回报)
考点10:honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 尊敬,尊重;荣誉(美式:honor)
固定搭配:It’s my honour to do sth. 做某事是我的荣幸
例句It’s my to speak here.很荣幸能在这里发言。
词形变化:honourable adj. 可敬的
例句:He is an man.他是一位可敬的人。
对比:honour 名词;honour sb. 动词:尊重某人。
1.We should honour our teachers.(动词:尊敬)
2. It’s my honour.(名词:荣幸)
考点11: suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. (因疾病、痛苦等)受苦,受折磨;遭受
核心用法:不及物动词,suffer from + 疾病/痛苦;suffer + 损失、伤害
固定搭配:suffer from 遭受(疾病、痛苦)
例句Many old people back pain.很多老人受背痛折磨。
词形变化:suffering n. 苦难;痛苦
例句:We should care about their .我们应当关心他们的苦难。
语法对比:suffer from + 疾病、病痛、长期痛苦
suffer + 损失、失败、伤害(直接接宾语,不加from)
He suffers from a cold. 他感冒了。
The city suffered great loss.这座城市遭受巨大损失。
核心短语解析
考点1:take action 采取行动
用法:不及物短语;take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
例句:We must protect the environment.我们必须采取行动保护环境。
考点2: put … at risk 将……置于危险或风险之中
用法:put +宾语+ at risk;宾语是人/事物
例句: puts our health at risk.污染把我们的健康置于危险之中。
拓展:at risk 处于危险中(单独使用)
People are at risk. 人们处于危险之中。
考点3: make use of 利用
用法:make use of sth. 利用某物;
make good use of 好好利用
例句:We should our free time.我们应该好好利用我们的空闲时间。
语法辨析:被动:make good use of → good use is made of
Good use should be made of time. 应当充分利用时间。
考点4:turn … into … 把……变为……
用法:turn A into B 把A转变成B
例句:We can waste useful things.我们可以把废物变成有用的东西。
辨析:turn…into…(形态、性质转变);
change…into… 也可表示转变,二者常互换。
考点5: encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
用法:encourage +宾语 + to do;
例句:My teacher me to study hard.我的老师鼓励我努力学习。
词形变形:encouragement n.鼓励;
encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的
例句:His words are . 他的话令人鼓舞。
考点6:protect … from … 保护……免受……伤害
用法:protect A from B 保护A不受B伤害
例句:Sunscreen can our skin the sun.防晒霜可以保护我们的皮肤免受太阳伤害。
辨析:protect…from… 防止外界伤害;
keep…from… 阻止……做某事。
考点7:in honor of 为向……表示敬意;为纪念……
用法:介词短语,常放句首或句末;美式拼写 in honor of;英式 in honour of
例句:We held a party the old hero.我们举办晚会向这位老英雄表示敬意。
考点8:keep doing sth. 坚持做某事;一直做某事
用法:keep + doing动名词;强调动作持续不断
例句:He keeps English every day.他每天坚持练习英语。
易混对比:
keep doing sth. 一直做某事(持续)
keep on doing sth. 反复做某事(强调反复)
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
考点9:in a word 简言之;总之
用法:介词短语,放在句首,总结上文,后面用逗号隔开
例句: , we should care about our environment.总之,我们应该爱护我们的环境。
拓展:in short 简言之;
in conclusion 总而言之。
考点10:make a big difference in 在……方面产生重大影响
用法:make a big difference in +名词;difference可数;
例句:Small actions can in our world.微小行动可以对我们的世界产生巨大影响。
拓展:make no difference 没有影响;
make some difference 有些影响。
考点11:make efforts to do sth. 尽力去做某事
用法:make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事;
effort常用复数;
也可说 make an effort to do sth.
例句:We should wild animals.我们应当尽力保护野生动物。
辨析:make efforts to do = try to do 尽力做某事。
核心句子解析
考点1:Unsafe water has made many people sick in the past few years ... “在过去的几年里,不安全的水已经导致许多人生病”
“in the past/last +数词+years/weeks/months/days...”都可用于现在完成时态。
例如:My hometown a lot in the past ten years. 在过去的 10年里,我的家乡变化非常大。
In the past two years, I Beijing three times.在过去两年里,我去了北京三次。
考点2:Factories have stopped pouring wastewater into the river. 工厂已经停往河里倾倒废水。
stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”,指停下现在正在做的事。
而stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”,指停下原本做的事情去做另一件事情。
例如:
The teacher is coming,and we must stop .老师来了,我们必须停止说话了。
We have worked for nearly 2 hours. Let's stop a rest. 我已经续工作近 2 小时了,让我们停下来休息会吧。
考点3:In the 1980s, the Chinese government began to encourage people to plant trees in the northern part of China.20世纪80年代,中国政府开始倡导民众在中国北方地区植树。
encourage意为“支持;鼓励;激励”,其名词形式为encouragement,意为“鼓励;鼓舞;起激励作用的事物”。
而名词courage表示“勇气;勇敢;胆量”。
例如:Her words were a great to the students.她的话对这些学生来说是大的鼓励。
It takes great to say what you think.说出你的想法需要极大的勇气。
Encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人去做某事”。
例如:We should teenagers to take part-time jobs. 我们应该鼓励青少年做兼职工作。
考点4:In 2021, Shi Guangyin was awarded the July 1 Medal in honor of his efforts to control desert growth.2021年,石光银被授予“七一勋章”,以表彰他在防治荒漠化方面的贡献。
In honor of意为“为了庆祝/纪念......;向......表示敬意”。
例如:They hold many kinds of activities old people to wish them good health and a long life.他们举办各种各样的敬老活动,祝老人健康、长寿。
I'm happy to host this dinner party you. 我高兴能举办这次晚宴来向您表示敬意。
考点5:Most importantly, we should do everything possible to prevent pollution. 最重要的, 我应该尽一切可能防止污染。
Everything possible意为“一切可能的事情”。当不定代词需要定语修饰时,定语通常置于不定代词之后,这种现象叫作“定语后置”。
例如:
The little girl would like to drink. 这个小女孩想喝点不一样的东西。
I will do to help you.我会做一切必要的事来帮助你。
考点6:As we all know, small acts can make a big difference, and we can make it happen if we act as one.众所周知,小小的举动可以产生很大的影响,如果我们齐心协力,就能实现这一目标。
这是一个并列复合句,and连接两个分句。第二个分句中又含有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。
as we all know意为“众所周知”;
act as one意为“齐心协力”;
make a/no/some difference (to sb/sth)意为“(对某人/某物)有/没有/有些作用,关系,影响”;
make all the difference (to sb./sth)意为“(对某人/某物)关系重大;大不相同”。
例如:
Changing schools my life.转学对我的一生有着重大影响。
A few kind words at the right time . 在当时候说体贴话,效果迥然不同。
五.语法串讲
前缀 re
re‑ 前缀含义:再;又;重新;回复
提醒:有些单词本身就带 re‑,不是由别的动词变来,不要强行拆分;
二、初中常见 re‑ 前缀单词
1.turn(转动)return返回;归还
2.write(写)rewrite重写
3.tell(告诉)retell复述;重述
4.build(建造)rebuild重建
5.use(使用)reuse再利用;重复使用
6.cycle(循环)recycle回收利用
7.start(开始)restart重新启动;重新开始
8.connect(连接)reconnect重新连接
9.cover(覆盖)recover恢复;痊愈
补充:
1.reply v. 回复(re‑+ply,初中高频)
2.repeat v. 重复(re‑+peat,初中高频)
三、例句
1.Please the book to the library on time.请按时把书归还图书馆。
2.You need to this composition.你需要重写这篇作文。
3.Can you the story in your own words?你能用自己的话复述这个故事吗?
4.People will the old house.人们将要重建这座老房子。
5.We should waste water.我们应该重复利用废水。
6.We can paper and bottles.我们可以回收利用纸张和瓶子。
7.Please the computer.请重启这台电脑。
8.He hopes to from the illness soon.他希望尽快从疾病中恢复。
9.Please to my email soon.请尽快回复我的邮件。
10.Don’t the same mistake.不要重复同样的错误。
现在完成时2
一. for和since在现在完成时中的应用
(1)在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这类状语通常由for或since引导。for后接一段时间,如for five years;而since后多接时间点,如since January 2020。
They have had the cat since they got married. 他们自结婚以来就一直养着这只猫。
They have been married for twenty years. 他们已经结婚二十年了。
(2)“since+时间点”和“for+时间段”常作现在完成时的标志。两者之间常可以进行同义转换。
Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist since eight years ago.=Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist for eight years.陈笑八年前就梦想成为一名生物学家。
(3)对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时,常用how long。
How long have you been like this? 你这个样子有多久了?
How long have you played tennis? 你打网球打了多长时间了?
二. 非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换
(1)在现在完成时的句子中,表示持续的动作或状态时,常用延续性动词与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
It has rained for three hours.雨已经下了三个小时了。
(2)与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词或表示状态的短语等。
I borrowed this magazine three months ago. 我三个月前借了这本杂志。
→I have kept this magazine for three months.这本杂志我已经借来三个月了。
(3)常见的非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的情况:
非延续性动词
延续性动词
现在完成时形式
borrow
keep
She has this book for three weeks.
leave
be away
They have home for two days.
arrive/reach/get/move
be in/at
Kitty has Hong Kong for a month.
come/go
be in/at
My mum has Beijing for two months.
begin/start
be on
The film has for an hour.
stop/finish/end
be over
The meeting has for two hours.
die
be dead
The lamb has for some time.
join
be in/be a member of
Simon has the Football Club since last year.
become
be
How long has your sister a teacher?
open
be open
The shop has been for ten hours.
close
be closed
The market has been since 2010.
buy
have
He has this motorcycle for two years.
fall asleep
be asleep
The dog has for several hours.
catch a cold
have a cold
How long have you a cold?
fall ill
be ill
Mike has for ten years.
get married
be married
They have for fifteen years.
get up
be up
They have for two hours.
come back
be back
The lost cat has since last night.
go out
be out
The old man has since last Friday.
(1)joined the club two years ago. 我两年前加入的这个俱乐部。→I have been in/a member of the club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部两年了。
(2)I bought this pop-up book about the Palace Museum one week ago. 我一周前买了这本关于故宫博物院的立体书。→I have had this pop-up book about the Palace Museum for one week. 我买来这本关于故宫博物院的立体书已经一周了。
六.写作串讲
本单元的主题是“绿色世界”,要求学生能够运用所学词汇、语法及句式介绍保护环境的重要性和措施。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①环境污染情况(问题阐述与原因分析);②保护环境的意义;③保护环境的措施;④呼吁参加环保行动。
中考书面表达与此主题相关的命题形式多样,例如向网站投稿、写一篇演讲稿等,通常以说明文或应用文的形式出现。
写作实例
地球是我们的家,人人都有责任保护它。现在环境方面的问题越来越多,为保护环境,作为中学生的你在日常生活中该注意些什么?请根据以下提示,以“How to be a green teenager”为题,写一篇短文。
提示:1.环境问题及危害;2.可以采取哪些措施来保护环境;3.你对于保护环境的看法。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.短文必须包含以上提示内容,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
How to be a green teenager
审题指导
1.体裁:说明文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:第一人称、第三人称
4.必备词句:
(1)these days如今
(2)for example比如
(3)be harmful to... 对……有害
(4)take action采取行动
(5)protect the environment保护环境
(6)turn off关闭
(7)divide...into... 把……分成……
(8)hope for希望
(9)pay attention关注
(10)better and better越来越好
(11)a rubbish dump垃圾场
(12)get rid of摆脱/除去
(13)break down情不自禁地哭起来
(14)time and time again一再
(15)in honour of...为纪念……
(16)raise public awareness of the environment提高公众的环保意识
(17)As teenagers, we should take action to protect the environment.作为青少年,我们应该采取行动保护环境。
(18)We can't hope for rapid change, but if everyone starts to pay attention, the environment will be better and better.我们不能期望快速改变,但如果每个人都开始关注,环境将会越来越好。
(19)Just keep working, no matter who criticizes you, no matter how long it takes, no matter how many times you fall.只管继续努力,无论谁批评你,无论要花费多长时间,无论你跌倒多少次。
谋篇布局
优秀范文
How to be a green teenager
These days, there are many problems with the environment.
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