Unit 6 From Nobody to Somebody（背诵默写任务单）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

Unit 6 From Nobody to Somebody单元必背知识（背诵版） Ⅰ.必背单词 （黑体部分为重点词汇） 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Preparing for the Topic 1.missile n.导弹 2.iron adj.坚强的；强硬坚定的n.铁 3.hybrid adj.混合的 n.杂交植物 4.winner n.获胜的人 5.physics n.物理学 6.glorious adi.光荣的：荣耀的；辉煌的 7.leadership n.领导；领导才能 8.forever adv.永远；长久地 9.admire v.钦佩；赞赏；仰慕 10.institute n.（教育、专业等)机构，机构建筑 11.observe v.观察；注意到 12.signal n.信号；暗号 13.X-ray n.X射线；X光 14.designer n.设计者 Exploring the Topic 15.failure n.失败 16.army n.军队：陆军部队 17.general n.将军 adj.普遍的；大体的 18.knowledgeable adj.博学的；有见识的；知识渊博的 19.agricultural adj.农业的 20.interestingly adv.有趣的是 21.greatness n.伟大;巨大：崇高 22.deer (pl.deer) n.鹿 23.unluckily adv.不幸地:倒霉地 24.refer v.提到，谈到；将……送交给（以求获得帮助等） 25.researcher n.研究者；探索者 26.developer n.开发者，研制者 27.devoted adj.忠诚的；全心全意的 28.behave v.表现 29.whom pron.谁，什么人 30.refuse v.拒绝；回绝 Developing the Topic 31.cleaner n.清洁工 32.poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 33.settle v.定居；使处于舒适的位置；安排好 34.secretary n.秘书 35.doubt v.不相信；不确定；疑问 36.patience n.耐心 37.lift v.移开；移动；（被）提起，举起；高兴起来 n.电梯；搭便车 Wrapping Up the Topic 38.sunshine n.阳光 39.organise (organize AmE) v.组织；筹备 40.wounded v.（身体）受伤的；负伤的 41.tricycle n.三轮脚踏车 42.earn v.挣得；赚得；挣钱 43.protector n.保护人(或组织、装置等) 44.medallist ( medalist AmE)n.奖牌获得者 45.athlete n.运动员 46.gold n.金，黄金制品 adj.金色的 47.talent n.天才，天赋；人才 48.home-made adj.自制的；家里做的 49.gun n.枪；炮 50.shooter n.射手 51.career n.生涯；职业 52.*Asian adj.亚洲的n.亚洲人 53.coach n.教练 v.训练，培训 54.excellence n.优秀；杰出；卓越 55.nickname n.绰号；外号 56.victory n.胜利；成功 Ⅱ.必背短语 1. remain positive about sth 对某事保持积极乐观 2. missile technology 导弹技术 3. be remembered by 被…… 铭记 4. lead to 导致；通向 5. billions of 数十亿的；无数的 6. try hard to do sth 努力做某事 7. be honored by 受到…… 的表彰 / 敬重 8. be curious about 对…… 好奇 9. be born in 出生于（某地 / 某年） 10. go to …for further study 去…… 深造 11. set up 建立；设立；创办 12. graduate from 从…… 毕业 13. pass away 去世；逝世 14. admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩某人 15. be used for 被用于…… 16. in two different fields 在两个不同的领域 17. the development of …… 的发展 18. receive signals 接收信号 19. keep sth toward 使某物朝向 20. fall behind 落后 21. in the company of 在…… 的陪伴下 22. regard...as.. 把…… 看作…… 23. be similar to 与…… 相似 24. in need 在危难中；有需要的 25. warm up 热身；变暖 26. national hero 民族英雄 27. the middle to late Ming Dynasty 明朝中后期 28. join the army 参军 29. at a young age 在年轻时；年少时 30. the art of war 兵法 31. at the same time 同时 32. be good at 擅长 33. fight against 对抗；与…… 作斗争 34. be honored as 被誉为 35. in one's own words 用某人自己的话 36. hybrid Rice 杂交水稻 37. ever since 自从；自那时起 38. straight down 垂直向下 39. in a circle 呈圆形；围成一圈 40. set high goals 树立远大目标 41. receive the Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖 42. be recognized by 被…… 认可 43. classical Chinese poem 中国古典诗词 44. in one's early twenties 在某人二十出头时 45. develop a strong interest in 对……产生浓厚兴趣 46. herbal medicine 草药；中草药 47. suffer from 遭受；患（病） 48. take one's life 夺去某人生命；自杀 49. the head of… …… 的负责人 / 首领 50. focus on 专注于 51. turn to 求助于；转向 52. millions of 数百万的 53. introduce…to... 把…… 介绍给…… 54. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 55. join in 参加（活动） 56. as is known to us all 众所周知 57. have the power to do sth 有能力做某事 58. even if 即使；虽然 59. realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想 60. can't do without 离不开；没有…… 不行 61. set a good example for sb 为某人树立好榜样 62. Chinese-style pictures 中国式图画 63. not…at all 一点也不 64. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 65. spread Chinese culture 传播中国文化 66. have a car accident 发生车祸 67. not only...but also 不仅…… 而且 68. learn…from... 向…… 学习；从…… 学到 69. be lucky to do sth 很幸运做某事 70. hold art shows 举办艺术展 71. be helpful to sb 对某人有帮助 72. in my eyes 在我看来 73. keep the city clean 保持城市干净 74. most of all 最重要的是 75. day after day 日复一日 76. give one's life to doing sth 献身于做某事 77. fight against poverty 脱贫；与贫困作斗争 78. graduate from 从…… 毕业 79. settle down 定居；安定下来 80. choose to do sth 选择做某事 81. doubt one's ability 怀疑某人的能力 82. on one's way to 在某人去…… 的路上 83. take one's life 夺去某人生命；自杀 84. work as a volunteer 做志愿者 85. organize reading activities 组织阅读活动 86. offer free classes 提供免费课程 87. hold poem-sharing activities 举办诗歌分享活动 88. care for 照顾；关爱 89. follow one's example 以某人为榜样 90. make efforts to do sth 努力做某事 91. donate sth to do 捐赠某物用来做…… 92. support sb to do sth 支持某人做某事 93. make one's living 谋生 94. collect waste 收集废品 95. make a positive difference to 对…产生积极影响 96. small acts of kindness 小小的善举 97. risk one's lives to do sth 冒着生命危险做某事 98. put out the fire 灭火 99. show great love and talent for 在…… 方面展现极大热爱与天赋 100. practice doing sth 练习做某事 Ⅲ.必背句型 1. Just like the hero she wrote in Three Days to See, Helen Keller couldn’t see or hear, but she always remained positive about life.就像她在《假如给我三天光明》里写的主人公一样，海伦・凯勒看不见也听不见，但她始终对生活保持积极乐观。 2. Thanks to Qian Xuesen’s scientific mind and leadership, China became one of the first countries with missile technology. 多亏钱学森的科学头脑与领导才能，中国成为最早掌握导弹技术的国家之一。 3. As a brave young soldier who gave up her life for New China, Liu Hulan will be remembered forever by Chinese people. 刘胡兰是为新中国献出生命的年轻勇士，她将永远被中国人民铭记。 4. Yuan Longping’s creative work in rice planting led to a new technology that produces rice for billions of people around the world. 袁隆平在水稻种植方面的创新性研究催生了一项新技术，为全球数十亿人生产粮食。 5.He is known as the “Father of China’s Missile and Space Program”. 他被誉为 “中国导弹航天之父”。 6.He had such a deep love for our country that he gave up everything in America and returned in 1955. 他深爱祖国，放弃了在美国的一切，于 1955 年回到祖国。 7.Since Shenzhou 5, every taikonaut returning from space has visited him to show their respect for him. 自神舟五号之后，每一位从太空归来的中国航天员都会去看望他，向他致敬。 8.Who is the hero you admire?你敬佩的英雄是谁？ 9.What is it used for?它是用来做什么的？ 10.It is used for observing the universe.它被用来观测宇宙。 11.It can receive signals from stars that are nearly 10 billion light years away. 它可以接收来自近 100 亿光年外恒星的信号。 12.She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and she won the award twice in two different fields! 她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，并且在两个不同领域两次获此殊荣！ 13.She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911. 她于 1903 年获得诺贝尔物理学奖，1911 年获得诺贝尔化学奖。 14.With those machines, doctors could examine patients easily and they saved a lot of soldiers during World War Ⅱ. 借助这些仪器，医生可以轻松给病人做检查，它们在二战期间挽救了许多士兵的生命。 15.Qi Jiguang was a national hero in the middle to late Ming Dynasty. 戚继光是明朝中后期的民族英雄。 16.He joined the army at a young age and fought many times in his life.他年少参军，一生征战无数。 17.He was a talented general who also wrote books about the art of war. 他是一位才华出众的将领，还撰写了兵法著作。 18.At the same time, he was good at training soldiers.与此同时，他擅长训练士兵。 19.He trained a strong army and led it to fight against enemies who crossed the sea from Japan. 他训练出一支精锐部队，率领军队抗击渡海而来的倭寇。 20.His army was honored as the “Army of Qi” in Chinese history.他的部队在历史上被誉为 “戚家军”。 21.Isaac Newton was a great scientist in physics. 艾萨克・牛顿是伟大的物理学家。 22.He had been curious about nature ever since he was a boy.他从小就对大自然充满好奇。 23.He wondered why things fell straight down, instead of going up or in any other direction. 他想知道为什么物体会垂直下落，而不是向上或者朝别的方向运动。 24.In searching for the answer to this question, he later discovered the law that explains why planets move in a circle around the sun. 在寻找这个问题答案的过程中，他后来发现了可以解释行星绕太阳做圆周运动的定律。 25.Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman to receive the Nobel Prize. 屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。 26.After years of hard work, her greatness was finally recognized by the world. 经过多年的潜心钻研，她的卓越贡献最终得到全世界的认可。 27.Tu was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province and got her given name from a classical Chinese poem. 屠呦呦 1930 年生于浙江，她的名字取自一首中国古典诗词。 28.In her early twenties, Tu studied medicine at Beijing Medical College and developed a strong interest in herbal medicine. 二十出头时，她在北京医学院学医，并对中草药产生了浓厚兴趣。 29.In the 1960s, many people were suffering from a serious disease which took lots of people’s lives. 20 世纪 60 年代，很多人患上一种重病，这种病夺走了无数人的生命。 30.However, Tu didn’t give up. She referred to Traditional Chinese Medicine books and finally found a way to develop a new drug. 但屠呦呦没有放弃。她查阅中医典籍，最终找到方法研发新药。 31.Since then, the drug has saved millions of lives in South Asia, Africa and America. 从那以后，这种药物在南亚、非洲和美洲挽救了数百万人的生命。 32.As the developer of the drug, Tu is still working on exploring Traditional Chinese Medicine and introducing it to the world.作为该药的研发者，屠呦呦仍在研究中医药，并致力于把中医药推向世界。 33.Parents always encourage kids to join in challenging activities. 父母总是鼓励孩子参加有挑战性的活动。 34.As is known to us all, Dickens’ novels have enriched English literature. 众所周知，狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学。 35.Many writers have the power to enact their ideas and thoughts in their stories. 许多作家有能力在故事中表达自己的观点与思想。 36. The great leader made many laws to protect the poor and made sure the laws were enforced. 这位伟大的领导人制定许多法律保护穷人，并保证法律得到执行。 37. The hero was ready to do everything for the people even if his own life was endangered. 这位英雄甘愿为人民付出一切，即使自己的生命受到威胁。 38.He was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about how to behave well. 他是一位伟大的思想家，对于修身立行有着许多睿智的见解。 39.He was really a wise man from whom we can learn a lot. 他确实是一位智者，我们可以从他身上学到很多。 40.However, the masters of Laizhou Brush refuse to give up this traditional art and have solved many problems in making the brush. 然而，莱州毛笔的手艺人不愿放弃这门传统技艺，并且攻克了许多制笔难题。 41.He once held many art shows around China.他曾经在全国各地举办多场艺术展。 42.But he’s been very positive about life.但他一直对生活保持乐观。 43.He volunteered to teach the children in the community.他自愿给社区里的孩子们上课。 44.He is not only an excellent painter but also a hero. 他不仅是一名优秀的画家，也是一位英雄。 45.We should learn from him to be positive about life and helpful to people around us. 我们应该向他学习，乐观面对生活，乐于帮助身边的人。 46.There will be a volunteer activity in my community this weekend.这周末我们社区会举办一场志愿活动。 47.For me, the person I admire most is Huang Wenxiu, a woman who gave her life to fighting against poverty in the countryside. 对我而言，我最敬佩的人是黄文秀，她是一位为乡村脱贫事业献出生命的姑娘。 48.She dreamed of studying at a good university. 她梦想考上一所好大学。 49.In 2016, she graduated with a master’s degree from Beijing Normal University. 2016 年，她从北京师范大学硕士毕业。 50.However, instead of settling down in a big city, Huang chose to go back to her hometown village, and worked as a village Party secretary.但她没有在大城市定居，而是选择回到家乡，担任驻村第一书记。 51.She spent two months visiting 195 poor families across the village. 她花了两个月时间，走访了全村 195 户贫困家庭。 52.Huang showed great patience and creativity to prove herself. 黄文秀用十足的耐心与创新的方式证明了自己。 53.She invited experts to teach the villagers to grow orange trees.她邀请专家教村民种植橙子树。 54.In the summer of 2019, a flood took Huang’s life when she was on her way to the village from home. 2019 年夏天，黄文秀在从家中返回村里的路上，遭遇山洪不幸遇难。 55.Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing. 弗洛伦斯・南丁格尔是现代护理学的奠基人。 56.In 1854, she organized a group of more than 30 nurses and led them to care for the wounded soldiers in war hospitals. 1854 年，她组织三十多名护士，带领她们在战地医院照料伤员。 57.She worked in very difficult conditions for more than a year.她在极其艰苦的条件下工作了一年多。 58.Because she always carried a lamp to see her patients at night, she became known as “the Lady with the Lamp”. 因为她夜里总是提着一盏灯查看病人，她被称为 “提灯女神”。 59.After the war, Nightingale opened the world’s first nursing school and continued to care for patients as a nurse. 战争结束后，南丁格尔创办了世界上第一所护士学校，继续以护士的身份照料病人。 60.Nightingale died in 1910 at the age of 90. To honor her contributions to health care, her birthday became the International Nurses’ Day in 1912. 南丁格尔于 1910 年离世，享年 90 岁。为表彰她在医疗护理事业上的贡献，1912 年，她的生日被定为国际护士节。 Ⅳ.语法精萃 考点一 前缀en 1：en + 形容词 → 动词 【使……】（中考最高频） 原词 adj. 派生词 v. 中文释义 中考核心搭配 able enable 使能够 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 large enlarge 扩大；放大 enlarge the room / enlarge photos rich enrich 使丰富；充实 enrich our life 丰富我们的生活 sure ensure 确保；保证 ensure safety 确保安全 2：en‑ + 名词 → 动词（使拥有 / 使陷入） 原词 n. 派生词 v. 中文释义 中考核心搭配 courage encourage 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 danger endanger 危及；使遭受危险 endanger wild animals 危及野生动物 二、 中考易错提醒 1. enable 固定搭配：enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事（短文填空高频考点） 2. encourage 固定搭配：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事，名词形式 encouragement 3. 不要和 enjoy, enter 混淆：enjoy、enter 里面 en 不是前缀！是单词本身一部分，不表 “使” ❌ enjoy ≠ 使快乐，这个词整体是独立单词，不能拆分。 考点二 定语从句（who和whom引导） 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。 【图示】 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 who, whom, whose的用法辨析 ①who、whom的用法 1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。 2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。作宾语，可以省略。 3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。 例1. I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom I met in the English speech contest last year. 我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生结交为好朋友。 例2. In our class there are 38 students, of whom half wear glasses.我们班有38个学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。 例3. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 那些想去长城的人可以在这里报名。 例4. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp. 你刚才和他说话的那个人是德普先生。 例5. The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers. 这个老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。 ②whose的用法 1. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 例1. Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？ 例2. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。 例3. The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 2、 核心考点详解 ✅ who 1. 先行词人，从句里缺主语，只能用 who（不能用 whom） > I know the boy who helped me yesterday.（从句：____ helped me，缺主语 → who） 2. 先行词指人，从句缺宾语，可以用 who，可以省略，正式书面可用 whom 替换 ✅ whom 1. 仅作宾语，现代英语口语里常被 who 代替 2. 介词提前时，只能用介词 + whom，不能用 who（中考单选 / 完形高频坑） ✅ The girl to whom I spoke is my classmate. ❌ The girl to who I spoke is my classmate. 3、 易混辨析 1. who /whom：看从句缺主语还是宾语 - 从句缺主语 → who - 从句缺宾语 → whom（或 who；介词前置只用 whom） $Unit 6 From Nobody to Somebody单元必背知识（背诵版） Ⅰ.必背单词 （黑体部分为重点词汇） 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Preparing for the Topic 1. ____________ n. 导弹 2. ____________ adj. 坚强的；强硬坚定的 n. 铁 3. ____________ adj. 混合的 n. 杂交植物 4. ____________ n. 获胜的人 5. ____________ n. 物理学 6. ____________ adj. 光荣的；荣耀的；辉煌的 7. ____________ n. 领导；领导才能 8. ____________ adv. 永远；长久地 9. ____________ v. 钦佩；赞赏；仰慕 10. ____________ n.（教育、专业等) 机构，机构建筑 11. ____________ v. 观察；注意到 12. ____________ n. 信号；暗号 13. ____________ n.X 射线；X 光 14. ____________ n. 设计者 Exploring the Topic 15. ____________ n. 失败 16. ____________ n. 军队；陆军部队 17. ____________ n. 将军 adj. 普遍的；大体的 18. ____________ adj. 博学的；有见识的；知识渊博的 19. ____________ adj. 农业的 20. ____________ adv. 有趣的是 21. ____________ n. 伟大；巨大；崇高 22. ____________ (pl.deer) n. 鹿 23. ____________ adv. 不幸地；倒霉地 24. ____________ v. 提到，谈到；将…… 送交给（以求获得帮助等） 25. ____________ n. 研究者；探索者 26. ____________ n. 开发者，研制者 27. ____________ adj. 忠诚的；全心全意的 28. ____________ v. 表现 29. ____________ pron. 谁，什么人 30. ____________ v. 拒绝；回绝 Developing the Topic 31. ____________ n. 清洁工 32. ____________ n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏 33. ____________ v. 定居；使处于舒适的位置；安排好 34. ____________ n. 秘书 35. ____________ v. 不相信；不确定；疑问 36. ____________ n. 耐心 37. ____________ v. 移开；移动；（被）提起，举起；高兴起来 n. 电梯；搭便车 Wrapping Up the Topic 38. ____________ n. 阳光 39. ____________ (organize AmE) v. 组织；筹备 40. ____________ adj.（身体）受伤的；负伤的 41. ____________ n. 三轮脚踏车 42. ____________ v. 挣得；赚得；挣钱 43. ____________ n. 保护人 (或组织、装置等) 44. ____________ (medalist AmE) n. 奖牌获得者 45. ____________ n. 运动员 46. ____________ n. 金，黄金制品 adj. 金色的 47. ____________ n. 天才，天赋；人才 48. ____________ adj. 自制的；家里做的 49. ____________ n. 枪；炮 50. ____________ n. 射手 51. ____________ n. 生涯；职业 52. ____________ adj. 亚洲的 n. 亚洲人 53. ____________ n. 教练 v. 训练，培训 54. ____________ n. 优秀；杰出；卓越 55. ____________ n. 绰号；外号 56. ____________ n. 胜利；成功 Ⅱ.必背短语 1. ______________________ 对某事保持积极乐观 2. ________________________ 导弹技术 3. ________________________ 被…… 铭记 4. ________________________ 导致；通向 5. ________________________ 数十亿的；无数的 6. ________________________ 努力做某事 7. ___________________ 受到…… 的表彰 / 敬重 8. ________________________ 对…… 好奇 9. ______________________ 出生于（某地 / 某年） 10. ________________________ 去…… 深造 11. ________________________ 建立；设立；创办 12. ________________________ 从…… 毕业 13. ________________________ 去世；逝世 14. ________________________ 因某事钦佩某人 15. ________________________ 被用于…… 16. ________________________ 在两个不同的领域 17. ________________________ …… 的发展 18. ________________________ 接收信号 19. ________________________ 使某物朝向 20. ________________________ 落后 21. ________________________ 在…… 的陪伴下 22. ________________________ 把…… 看作…… 23. ________________________ 与…… 相似 24. _______________________ 在危难中；有需要的 25. ________________________ 热身；变暖 26. ________________________ 民族英雄 27. ________________________ 明朝中后期 28. ________________________ 参军 29. ________________________ 在年轻时；年少时 30. ________________________ 兵法 31. ________________________ 同时 32. ________________________ 擅长 33. _____________________ 对抗；与…… 作斗争 34. ________________________ 被誉为 35. ________________________ 用某人自己的话 36. ________________________ 杂交水稻 37. ________________________ 自从；自那时起 38. ________________________ 垂直向下 39. ________________________ 呈圆形；围成一圈 40. ________________________ 树立远大目标 41. ________________________ 获得诺贝尔奖 42. ________________________ 被…… 认可 43. ________________________ 中国古典诗词 44. ________________________ 在某人二十出头时 45. _____________________ 对…… 产生浓厚兴趣 46. ________________________ 草药；中草药 47. ________________________ 遭受；患（病） 48. ______________________ 夺去某人生命；自杀 49. _____________________ …… 的负责人 / 首领 50. ________________________ 专注于 51. ________________________ 求助于；转向 52. ________________________ 数百万的 53. _____________________ 把…… 介绍给…… 54. ________________________ 鼓励某人做某事 55. ________________________ 参加（活动） 56. ________________________ 众所周知 57. ________________________ 有能力做某事 58. ________________________ 即使；虽然 59. ________________________ 实现某人的梦想 60. ____________________ 离不开；没有…… 不行 61. ________________________ 为某人树立好榜样 62. ________________________ 中国式图画 63. ________________________ 一点也不 64. ________________________ 拒绝做某事 65. ________________________ 传播中国文化 66. ________________________ 发生车祸 67. ________________________ 不仅…… 而且 68. _______________ 向…… 学习；从…… 学到 69. ________________________ 很幸运做某事 70. ________________________ 举办艺术展 71. ________________________ 对某人有帮助 72. ________________________ 在我看来 73. ________________________ 保持城市干净 74. ________________________ 最重要的是 75. ________________________ 日复一日 76. ________________________ 献身于做某事 77. _____________________ 脱贫；与贫困作斗争 78. ________________________ 从…… 毕业 79. ________________________ 定居；安定下来 80. ________________________ 选择做某事 81. ________________________ 怀疑某人的能力 82. ___________________ 在某人去…… 的路上 83. ____________________ 夺去某人生命；自杀 84. ________________________ 做志愿者 85. ________________________ 组织阅读活动 86. ________________________ 提供免费课程 87. ________________________ 举办诗歌分享活动 88. ________________________ 照顾；关爱 89. ________________________ 以某人为榜样 90. ________________________ 努力做某事 91. ___________________ 捐赠某物用来做…… 92. ________________________ 支持某人做某事 93. ________________________ 谋生 94. ________________________ 收集废品 95. ____________________ 对… 产生积极影响 96. ________________________ 小小的善举 97. _____________________ 冒着生命危险做某事 98. ________________________ 灭火 99. ________________________ 在…… 方面展现极大热爱与天赋 100. ________________________ 练习做某事 Ⅲ.必背句型 1. Just like the hero she wrote in Three Days to See, Helen Keller couldn’t see or hear, but she always remained positive about life.就像她在《假如给我三天光明》里写的主人公一样，海伦・凯勒看不见也听不见，但她始终对生活保持积极乐观。 2. Thanks to Qian Xuesen’s scientific mind and leadership, China became one of the first countries with missile technology. 多亏钱学森的科学头脑与领导才能，中国成为最早掌握导弹技术的国家之一。 3. As a brave young soldier who gave up her life for New China, Liu Hulan will be remembered forever by Chinese people. 刘胡兰是为新中国献出生命的年轻勇士，她将永远被中国人民铭记。 4. Yuan Longping’s creative work in rice planting led to a new technology that produces rice for billions of people around the world. 袁隆平在水稻种植方面的创新性研究催生了一项新技术，为全球数十亿人生产粮食。 5.He is known as the “Father of China’s Missile and Space Program”. 他被誉为 “中国导弹航天之父”。 6.He had such a deep love for our country that he gave up everything in America and returned in 1955. 他深爱祖国，放弃了在美国的一切，于 1955 年回到祖国。 7.Since Shenzhou 5, every taikonaut returning from space has visited him to show their respect for him. 自神舟五号之后，每一位从太空归来的中国航天员都会去看望他，向他致敬。 8.Who is the hero you admire?你敬佩的英雄是谁？ 9.What is it used for?它是用来做什么的？ 10.It is used for observing the universe.它被用来观测宇宙。 11.It can receive signals from stars that are nearly 10 billion light years away. 它可以接收来自近 100 亿光年外恒星的信号。 12.She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and she won the award twice in two different fields! 她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，并且在两个不同领域两次获此殊荣！ 13.She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911. 她于 1903 年获得诺贝尔物理学奖，1911 年获得诺贝尔化学奖。 14.With those machines, doctors could examine patients easily and they saved a lot of soldiers during World War Ⅱ. 借助这些仪器，医生可以轻松给病人做检查，它们在二战期间挽救了许多士兵的生命。 15.Qi Jiguang was a national hero in the middle to late Ming Dynasty. 戚继光是明朝中后期的民族英雄。 16.He joined the army at a young age and fought many times in his life.他年少参军，一生征战无数。 17.He was a talented general who also wrote books about the art of war. 他是一位才华出众的将领，还撰写了兵法著作。 18.At the same time, he was good at training soldiers.与此同时，他擅长训练士兵。 19.He trained a strong army and led it to fight against enemies who crossed the sea from Japan. 他训练出一支精锐部队，率领军队抗击渡海而来的倭寇。 20.His army was honored as the “Army of Qi” in Chinese history.他的部队在历史上被誉为 “戚家军”。 21.Isaac Newton was a great scientist in physics. 艾萨克・牛顿是伟大的物理学家。 22.He had been curious about nature ever since he was a boy.他从小就对大自然充满好奇。 23.He wondered why things fell straight down, instead of going up or in any other direction. 他想知道为什么物体会垂直下落，而不是向上或者朝别的方向运动。 24.In searching for the answer to this question, he later discovered the law that explains why planets move in a circle around the sun. 在寻找这个问题答案的过程中，他后来发现了可以解释行星绕太阳做圆周运动的定律。 25.Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman to receive the Nobel Prize. 屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。 26.After years of hard work, her greatness was finally recognized by the world. 经过多年的潜心钻研，她的卓越贡献最终得到全世界的认可。 27.Tu was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province and got her given name from a classical Chinese poem. 屠呦呦 1930 年生于浙江，她的名字取自一首中国古典诗词。 28.In her early twenties, Tu studied medicine at Beijing Medical College and developed a strong interest in herbal medicine. 二十出头时，她在北京医学院学医，并对中草药产生了浓厚兴趣。 29.In the 1960s, many people were suffering from a serious disease which took lots of people’s lives. 20 世纪 60 年代，很多人患上一种重病，这种病夺走了无数人的生命。 30.However, Tu didn’t give up. She referred to Traditional Chinese Medicine books and finally found a way to develop a new drug. 但屠呦呦没有放弃。她查阅中医典籍，最终找到方法研发新药。 31.Since then, the drug has saved millions of lives in South Asia, Africa and America. 从那以后，这种药物在南亚、非洲和美洲挽救了数百万人的生命。 32.As the developer of the drug, Tu is still working on exploring Traditional Chinese Medicine and introducing it to the world.作为该药的研发者，屠呦呦仍在研究中医药，并致力于把中医药推向世界。 33.Parents always encourage kids to join in challenging activities. 父母总是鼓励孩子参加有挑战性的活动。 34.As is known to us all, Dickens’ novels have enriched English literature. 众所周知，狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学。 35.Many writers have the power to enact their ideas and thoughts in their stories. 许多作家有能力在故事中表达自己的观点与思想。 36. The great leader made many laws to protect the poor and made sure the laws were enforced. 这位伟大的领导人制定许多法律保护穷人，并保证法律得到执行。 37. The hero was ready to do everything for the people even if his own life was endangered. 这位英雄甘愿为人民付出一切，即使自己的生命受到威胁。 38.He was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about how to behave well. 他是一位伟大的思想家，对于修身立行有着许多睿智的见解。 39.He was really a wise man from whom we can learn a lot. 他确实是一位智者，我们可以从他身上学到很多。 40.However, the masters of Laizhou Brush refuse to give up this traditional art and have solved many problems in making the brush. 然而，莱州毛笔的手艺人不愿放弃这门传统技艺，并且攻克了许多制笔难题。 41.He once held many art shows around China.他曾经在全国各地举办多场艺术展。 42.But he’s been very positive about life.但他一直对生活保持乐观。 43.He volunteered to teach the children in the community.他自愿给社区里的孩子们上课。 44.He is not only an excellent painter but also a hero. 他不仅是一名优秀的画家，也是一位英雄。 45.We should learn from him to be positive about life and helpful to people around us. 我们应该向他学习，乐观面对生活，乐于帮助身边的人。 46.There will be a volunteer activity in my community this weekend.这周末我们社区会举办一场志愿活动。 47.For me, the person I admire most is Huang Wenxiu, a woman who gave her life to fighting against poverty in the countryside. 对我而言，我最敬佩的人是黄文秀，她是一位为乡村脱贫事业献出生命的姑娘。 48.She dreamed of studying at a good university. 她梦想考上一所好大学。 49.In 2016, she graduated with a master’s degree from Beijing Normal University. 2016 年，她从北京师范大学硕士毕业。 50.However, instead of settling down in a big city, Huang chose to go back to her hometown village, and worked as a village Party secretary.但她没有在大城市定居，而是选择回到家乡，担任驻村第一书记。 51.She spent two months visiting 195 poor families across the village. 她花了两个月时间，走访了全村 195 户贫困家庭。 52.Huang showed great patience and creativity to prove herself. 黄文秀用十足的耐心与创新的方式证明了自己。 53.She invited experts to teach the villagers to grow orange trees.她邀请专家教村民种植橙子树。 54.In the summer of 2019, a flood took Huang’s life when she was on her way to the village from home. 2019 年夏天，黄文秀在从家中返回村里的路上，遭遇山洪不幸遇难。 55.Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing. 弗洛伦斯・南丁格尔是现代护理学的奠基人。 56.In 1854, she organized a group of more than 30 nurses and led them to care for the wounded soldiers in war hospitals. 1854 年，她组织三十多名护士，带领她们在战地医院照料伤员。 57.She worked in very difficult conditions for more than a year.她在极其艰苦的条件下工作了一年多。 58.Because she always carried a lamp to see her patients at night, she became known as “the Lady with the Lamp”. 因为她夜里总是提着一盏灯查看病人，她被称为 “提灯女神”。 59.After the war, Nightingale opened the world’s first nursing school and continued to care for patients as a nurse. 战争结束后，南丁格尔创办了世界上第一所护士学校，继续以护士的身份照料病人。 60.Nightingale died in 1910 at the age of 90. To honor her contributions to health care, her birthday became the International Nurses’ Day in 1912. 南丁格尔于 1910 年离世，享年 90 岁。为表彰她在医疗护理事业上的贡献，1912 年，她的生日被定为国际护士节。 Ⅳ.语法精萃 考点一 前缀en 1：en + 形容词 → 动词 【使……】（中考最高频） 原词 adj. 派生词 v. 中文释义 中考核心搭配 able enable 使能够 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 large enlarge 扩大；放大 enlarge the room / enlarge photos rich enrich 使丰富；充实 enrich our life 丰富我们的生活 sure ensure 确保；保证 ensure safety 确保安全 2：en‑ + 名词 → 动词（使拥有 / 使陷入） 原词 n. 派生词 v. 中文释义 中考核心搭配 courage encourage 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 danger endanger 危及；使遭受危险 endanger wild animals 危及野生动物 二、 中考易错提醒 1. enable 固定搭配：enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事（短文填空高频考点） 2. encourage 固定搭配：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事，名词形式 encouragement 3. 不要和 enjoy, enter 混淆：enjoy、enter 里面 en 不是前缀！是单词本身一部分，不表 “使” ❌ enjoy ≠ 使快乐，这个词整体是独立单词，不能拆分。 考点二 定语从句（who和whom引导） 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。 【图示】 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 who, whom, whose的用法辨析 ①who、whom的用法 1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。 2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。作宾语，可以省略。 3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。 例1. I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom I met in the English speech contest last year. 我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生结交为好朋友。 例2. In our class there are 38 students, of whom half wear glasses.我们班有38个学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。 例3. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 那些想去长城的人可以在这里报名。 例4. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp. 你刚才和他说话的那个人是德普先生。 例5. The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers. 这个老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。 ②whose的用法 1. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 例1. Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？ 例2. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。 例3. The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 2、 核心考点详解 ✅ who 1. 先行词人，从句里缺主语，只能用 who（不能用 whom） > I know the boy who helped me yesterday.（从句：____ helped me，缺主语 → who） 2. 先行词指人，从句缺宾语，可以用 who，可以省略，正式书面可用 whom 替换 ✅ whom 1. 仅作宾语，现代英语口语里常被 who 代替 2. 介词提前时，只能用介词 + whom，不能用 who（中考单选 / 完形高频坑） ✅ The girl to whom I spoke is my classmate. ❌ The girl to who I spoke is my classmate. 3、 易混辨析 1. who /whom：看从句缺主语还是宾语 - 从句缺主语 → who - 从句缺宾语 → whom（或 who；介词前置只用 whom） $