学考专题07 代词的时态和语态：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题07 代词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 人称代词；物主代词与反身代词 考点二 it的用法 考点三 不定代词的范围与肯否 考点四 指示代词 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 代词在课标附录 3“一、词类 → 5. 代词”条目下设六项：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词，全部不带星号——即属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着代词的六个大类全部是学考的合法考点，且考查重点落在“辨别细微差别”上，复习目标是“选得准”而不是“认得全”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 代词 人称代词 必修 掌握主格与宾格的分工；掌握并列人称的顺序；了解 we / you / they 泛指“人们”的用法 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 物主代词 必修 区分形容词性与名词性物主代词；掌握双重所有格 a friend of mine；区分 its 与 it's 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 反身代词 必修 掌握 by oneself、enjoy oneself、help oneself to 等固定搭配；明确反身代词不能作主语 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 指示代词 必修 掌握 this / that / these / those 的近指与远指；掌握 that / those 在比较结构中替代前文名词 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 不定代词 必修 掌握范围（两者／三者及以上）、肯否（含部分否定）、泛指特指三组辨析；掌握复合不定代词与形容词后置 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 疑问代词 必修 掌握 who / whom / whose / what / which 的选用；明确 what 无范围、which 有范围 熟练掌握 单项选择 边界 说明 替代词 it / one / that / those 教材常规 课标未在代词条目下单列，但替代是语篇衔接的基础，学考单选高频；要求能区分同名同物与同类异物 正确理解和使用 单项选择、完形填空 it 作形式主语、形式宾语 教材常规 课标未单列，但 It takes sb. some time to do、find it difficult to do 等句式属学考稳定考点 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空、写作 关系代词（that / which / who / whom / whose） 必修 * 课标归入“主从复合句 → 关系从句”：限制性关系从句属必修，非限制性属选择性必修 辨认与理解 语法填空、阅读 强调句型 It is ... that ... 选修（提高类）*** 课标归入“强调”且标注三个星号，学考不作硬性要求，只要求能辨认，不作考查重点 不作要求 — 相互代词 each other / one another 教材常规 课标未单列，但教材与学业水平考试均涉及；掌握所有格 each other's 正确理解和使用 单项选择、写作 ★ 层级解读（务必先看这一条） ● 代词六大类全部不带星号，属“必修且应熟练掌握”层级——与名词、冠词并列为基础项目。学考对代词的要求是“在语境中选准”，不是“背下定义”。 ● 两大主战场：一是不定代词（范围、肯否、泛指特指三组辨析，占代词考点的半数以上）；二是替代词 it / one / that / those（几乎每年单选必现）。 ● 关系代词与强调句不在本专题主攻范围。关系代词归入定语从句条目（限制性必修、非限制性选择性必修），强调句标注为选修（提高类），学考不作硬性要求——本讲义仅作边界提示，不作展开。 ● 本讲义的分层口径：必修＝课标附录 3 不带星号；必修 *＝带一个星号；教材常规＝课标未单列但教材与学业水平考试均涉及。凡涉及选修（提高类）内容，本讲义一律明确标注且不作为考查要求。 ★ 易错提醒｜代词是“最熟悉的陌生人” 代词是中学最早接触的语法项目，却是学考单选中最难拿满分的一块。原因有三： 原因一：考点密集且成组出现。both / either / neither 管两者，all / any / none 管三者及以上，each 两者三者都能用——一条范围判断错了，整组选项全错。 原因二：汉语没有完全对应项。英语用 it / one / that 区分“同一个、同类的任一个、特指的同类物”，汉语只说“它 / 一个”，中国学生习惯一律用 it，这是替代词失分的根本原因。 原因三：否定表达有陷阱。“并非都”与“全都不”在英语里是两套词：not all 是部分否定，none 才是全部否定——写作与单选都会在这里栽跟头。 本讲义的处理方式：按“六大类 → 人称物主反身 → 指示与替代 → 不定代词三节 → it 的用法”推进，每节配速查表、易错提示与成对对照，目标是把这三处集中失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 单项选择 代词属最稳定的语法考点之一，几乎每年必现，以不定代词与替代词为主 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 代词不可因“简单”而跳过，它考的是细微辨析 最稳定考法 替代词 it / one / that / those 的选用（给出上下文，要求替代前文名词） 先判断“同一个 / 同类泛指 / 同类特指”，再选词 第二稳定考法 不定代词的范围与肯否（both / either / neither / all / none / each） 题干里数一数有几个对象，答案就出来一半 语法填空 人称代词主宾格转换、物主代词形容词性与名词性转换、反身代词（提示词为 you / he 等） 提示词是人称代词时，先判断它在句中充当什么成分 完形填空 复合不定代词与上下文逻辑（something / anything / nothing） 先定句子的肯否语气，再定用哪个复合词 书面表达 代词指代不清、主宾格混用、漏用反身代词直接影响语言准确度与连贯性 写作中“一个段落内指代要一致”要自查 干扰项设计 多为“范围判断错”“泛指特指混淆”“its 与 it's 混用”“部分否定误作全部否定”四类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近年各地学考与全国卷代词题的命题走向 ● 替代词题长考不衰，且越来越依赖上下文。经典题例：—May I use your calculator? —Sorry, I left it at home.（指同一个计算器）；We needed a new cupboard, so Peter made one from some wood.（同类泛指，指“做一个橱柜”）。两题一字之差，判断却完全相反。 ● 比较结构中的 that / those 是固定得分点。经典题例：The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Harbin.（that 替代不可数名词 weather）；The books here are more interesting than those in the library.（those 替代复数 books）。见到 than，先想替代词。 ● 不定代词的范围判断常与谓语单复数捆绑。经典题例：I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came.（两者都不，谓语单数）；Ling Ling and Betty are great. Both of them have been chosen...（两者都，谓语复数）。谓语的形式反过来验证范围判断。 ● 反身代词集中在固定搭配与“靠自己”语义。经典题例：Did the students make the fruit salad themselves?（by oneself 结构）；Help yourself to some fish.（请随便吃点）。反身代词题几乎都是搭配题，靠背。 ● 复合不定代词与语境语气绑定。经典题例：All the things we need are here — Everything is in this bag.（表“一切”）；—Would you like some tea? —Yes, please.（表邀请的疑问句仍用 some）。先读语气，再选词。 ● 形式宾语 it 是语法填空的常客。经典题例：I found it difficult to finish the work on time.（it 代替不定式作形式宾语）。find / think / make / feel / consider + it + 形容词 + to do 需成套记忆。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先数对象定范围 拿到代词题先数一数涉及几个对象：两个 → both / either / neither / the other；三个及以上 → all / any / none / every / another；不确定 → some / any 范围判断错、both 与 all 混用 再分泛指与特指 同一个 → it；同类泛指 → one / ones；同类特指（常带后置修饰或用于比较结构）→ that / those；其余的“另一个”按“两者用 the other，多者用 another”处理 替代词混用、another 与 the other 错选 后固化搭配与否定 把反身代词 12 个固定搭配、形式主语／形式宾语 5 个句式单独列表滚动过；not all 部分否定与 none 全部否定成对记，一次记两个 搭配记错、部分否定误判 2.1 代词六大类与判断三问 类别 核心功能 例词 课标层级 人称代词 代替人或事物的名称，分主格与宾格 I / me、we / us、you、he / him、she / her、it、they / them 必修 物主代词 表示所属关系，分形容词性与名词性 my / mine、your / yours、his、her / hers、its、our / ours、their / theirs 必修 反身代词 动作返回到发出者本身；或作同位语表强调 myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves 必修 指示代词 指示或指代上文说过、下文要说的事物 this、that、these、those（such、the same 亦可起指示作用） 必修 不定代词 指代不明确的人或事物，是学考第一大考点 some / any、both / either / neither、all / any / none、each / every、another / other、one、many / much、(a) few / (a) little 及复合不定代词 必修 疑问代词 构成特殊疑问句 who、whom、whose、what、which 必修 ★ 代词判断三问（做题按此顺序，答完即可定答案） 第一问：范围是什么？两者 → both / either / neither；三者及以上 → all / any / none / every；范围不确定 → some / any、many / much 等。 第二问：肯定还是否定？（含部分否定）肯定 → both / all / either / some；全否定 → neither / none / nothing / no one；部分否定 → not all / not both / not every。 第三问：泛指还是特指？泛指 → one、another、other、others；特指 → it、that / those、the other、the others、the one。 记忆主线：先定范围，再定肯否，最后定泛指特指。 句法功能 说明 例句 主语 代词代替名词作主语，用主格 We are going to visit the museum. / Someone is waiting for you. 宾语 动词或介词之后用宾格 He helped me with my English. / This book is for her. 表语 系动词之后；口语中常用宾格 It's me.（口语）／It is I who am right.（正式文体） 定语 形容词性物主代词修饰名词 My brother is a doctor. / The school is proud of its history. 同位语 反身代词或不定代词作同位语，表强调 The president himself came to the meeting. / They each got a prize. 强调（同位） 反身代词作名词或代词的同位语，表“亲自、本人”，需紧跟被强调的词 We did the work ourselves.（我们亲自做的）｜The president himself came. 2.2 人称代词 · 物主代词 · 反身代词 人称与数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 第一人称复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself 第二人称复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称单数（男） he him his his himself 第三人称单数（女） she her her hers herself 第三人称单数（物） it it its its itself 第三人称复数 they them their theirs themselves ★ 三条使用纪律（本表最容易失分的三处） 纪律一：its 与 it's 不同。its 是物主代词（它的），it's = it is / it has。例：The dog wagged its tail.（它的尾巴）｜It's raining.（天在下雨） 纪律二：名词性物主代词后面不能再接名词。This book is mine.（正确）｜This is mine book.（错误，应用 my） 纪律三：双重所有格用名词性物主代词。a friend of mine（我的一个朋友）＝ one of my friends；a friend of me 是错误的。 2.2.1 人称代词的三条用法纪律 要点 说明与例句 主格与宾格的分工 主格作主语，宾格作宾语（含介词宾语）。例：She helped me.（她帮我）／The teacher praised him.（老师表扬了他） 并列人称的顺序 单数按“你 → 他 / 她 → 我”排列：you, he and I；复数按“我们 → 你们 → 他们”排列：we, you and they。承担责任、作检讨时第一人称在前：I and he are to blame. we / you / they 泛指“人们” We should work hard.（人们应当努力）／They say it will rain tomorrow.（据说／人们说）／You never know what may happen.（谁也说不准） it 指人、指事与无人称用法 指代婴儿或身份不明者：—Who is it? —It's me.；指代时间、天气、距离：It is raining.；详见 2.7 2.2.2 反身代词的高频固定搭配（学考几乎都是搭配题） 搭配 含义 例句 by oneself 独自、靠自己 She finished the work by herself. enjoy oneself 玩得开心 Did you enjoy yourselves at the party? help oneself to 随便吃 / 自取 Help yourself to some fish. teach oneself 自学 He taught himself French. dress oneself 自己穿衣服 The child can dress himself now. make oneself at home 别客气、像在自己家一样 Please make yourselves at home. devote oneself to 献身于 She devoted herself to teaching. seat oneself 就座 He seated himself by the window. look after oneself 照顾自己 You must look after yourself. believe in oneself 相信自己 Believe in yourself and you will succeed. say to oneself 心里想、自言自语 “I can do it,” he said to himself. come to oneself 苏醒、恢复常态 After a while he came to himself. ★ 易错提醒｜人称 · 物主 · 反身代词的三处“必错点” 错点一：its 与 it's 混用。its 是物主代词（它的），it's 是 it is / it has 的缩写。例：The company has changed its name.（它的）｜It's getting dark.（天在变黑）——考试写错这两个形式是最常见的扣分点。 错点二：名词性物主代词后面又接了名词。This book is mine.（正确）｜This is mine book.（错误，应用 my）——判断方法：后面有名词用形容词性，后面没有名词用名词性。 错点三：双重所有格用错了格。a friend of mine（正确）＝ one of my friends｜a friend of me（错误）——of 之后必须是名词性物主代词或名词所有格：a friend of my father's。 附一条：反身代词不能作主语。Myself did it.（错误）→ I did it myself.（正确）。 2.3 指示代词与替代词 it / one / that / those 替代词 指代对象 泛指／特指 例句 判断提示 it 上文提到的同一个事物 特指（同名同物） I lost my pen and can't find it. 找的是“丢的那支笔” one 上文同类中的任意一个（可数单数） 泛指（＝ a + 名词） I lost my pen, so I'll buy a new one. 买的是同类中的一支 ones 上文同类中的一些（可数复数） 泛指 I prefer red apples to green ones. 常带前置／后置定语 the one 同类中的特定一个（可数单数） 特指 The book on the desk is the one I want. 有定语限定才用 that 上文同类事物（可数单数或不可数） 特指（＝ the + 名词） The weather here is colder than that in Beijing. 比较结构，后接 of / in 短语 those 上文同类的复数事物 特指，多用于比较结构 The books here are cheaper than those in the shop. 复数用 those ★ 口诀与判断步骤 口诀：同名同物用 it，同类泛指用 one，比较结构中替代前文名词用 that / those。 第一步：是不是“同一个”？是 → it。 第二步：是不是“同类中的任一个”且前面无定指？是 → one（复数用 ones）。 第三步：是不是比较结构中被替代、且常带后置修饰语？是 → that（不可数／单数）／those（复数）。 典型陷阱：The population of China is larger than that of Japan.（population 不可数，用 that，不可用 one，也不可用 it。） 指示代词 用法 例句 this / these 指较近的人或物；也可指下文将要说到的事 This is my new phone. / Remember this: never give up. that / those 指较远的人或物；常指上文已经说过的事 That is our school. / He was late. That made me angry. this / that（电话用语） 自我介绍用 this，问对方用 that This is Mary speaking. Who is that? that / those（比较结构） 替代前文提到的名词，避免重复；后常接 of / in 短语 The population of China is larger than that of Japan. such / the same 起指示作用，指代上文提到的情况 He said he was busy; such was his excuse. / —Happy New Year! —The same to you. ★ 易错提醒｜替代词：先分清“同一个”和“同一类” it 指“同一个”：I lost my pen and can't find it.（找的是丢的那支笔） one 指“同类中的任一个”，是泛指：I lost my pen, so I'll buy a new one.（买的是同类中的一支，不是原来那支） that / those 指“同类中的那一个 / 那些”，是特指，多用于比较结构：The weather here is colder than that in Beijing.（that 替代 the weather） 一句口诀：同名同物用 it，同类泛指用 one，比较结构中替代前文名词用 that / those。 特别提醒：that 可以替代不可数名词，one 不能；不可数名词（weather、population、advice 等）在比较结构中一律用 that。 典型陷阱：The population of China is larger than that of Japan.（不可用 one，也不可用 it） 2.4 不定代词（一）：范围与肯否 范围 “都” “任一” “都不” “每个” 谓语与搭配 两者 both either neither each both 作主语谓语用复数；either / neither 用单数；both ... and 谓语复数，either ... or / neither ... nor 就近原则 三者及以上 all any none every all 指人看作复数、指物看作单数；none of + 复数名词，谓语单、复均可（正式文体偏单数）；every 只能作定语，必须接单数名词 不确定数量 — some / any — each / every some 用于肯定句与表邀请、请求的疑问句；any 用于否定句、疑问句、条件句；any 在肯定句中表“任何” ★ 四条铁律（范围类不定代词的所有设坑点） 铁律一：both / either / neither 只用于两者。见到 two、twins、parents、either side of the street 一类的“二”，先想到这三个词。 铁律二：all / any / none / every 用于三者及以上。三者以上的“都不”用 none，不用 neither。 铁律三：each 两者、三者都能用，且可单独作主语（each of them）；every 不能单独作主语，必须说 every student。 铁律四：谓语随词走。each / either / neither / one / much / something 作主语谓语用单数；both / few / a few / many / several 作主语谓语用复数；all 与 none 视所指而定。 不定代词 适用范围 谓语形式 例句 both 两者都 复数 Both of my parents are teachers. either 两者中任一 单数 Either of the two books is interesting. neither 两者都不 单数 Neither of them was at home yesterday. all 三者及以上都 指人复数、指物单数 All of the students are here. / All is ready. any 三者及以上任一 单、复均可 You may take any of these books. none 三者及以上都不 单、复均可（正式偏单） None of the answers is / are right. each 两者或两者以上每个 单数 Each of the students has a dictionary. every 三者及以上每个（只作定语） 后接单数名词 Every student has a dictionary. ★ 易错提醒｜主谓一致：谓语反过来验证你的范围判断 each / either / neither / one / much / something 作主语，谓语用单数：Each of them has ... / Neither answer is ... both / few / a few / many / several 作主语，谓语用复数：Both of them are ... both ... and 连接主语，谓语用复数：Both Tom and Jerry are students. either ... or / neither ... nor / not only ... but also 连接主语，谓语就近一致：Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer.（就近 students）｜Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.（就近 teacher） all 与 none 视所指而定：All of the money is gone.（指物，单数）｜All of the students are here.（指人，复数） 一条判断纪律：谓语的单复数不是死记的，它反过来验证你选的范围词对不对——如果谓语是 has，前面绝不可能填 both。 就近原则三兄弟：either ... or / neither ... nor / not only ... but also；就远原则：as well as、with、together with、rather than。 2.5 不定代词（二）：复合不定代词与否定 类别 成员 用法要点 例句 指物 something / anything / nothing / everything 形容词修饰必须后置；作主语谓语用单数 something important；There is nothing wrong with it. 指人 someone / anyone / no one / everyone somebody / anybody / nobody / everybody 同上；no one 必须分开写，不能写成 noone；anyone 与 any one、everyone 与 every one 意思不同 Someone is waiting for you. / No one knows the answer. 回答疑问词 none / no one / nothing none 回答 how many / how much，可接 of，指人指物均可；no one 回答 who，只指人、不接 of；nothing 回答 what，只指物 —How many? —None. / —Who? —No one. / —What? —Nothing. 部分否定 not all / not both / not every / not always / not everywhere not 与 all、both、every、always、everywhere 连用是部分否定，意为“并非都／并非总是” Not all the students like it.（并非所有学生都喜欢） I don't know all of them.（我并非全都认识） 全部否定 none / neither / nothing / nobody / no one 表示“一个都没有／全都不” None of them came. / Neither answer is right. ★ 一条必须记住的分界线 部分否定：not + all / both / every / always → “不全是”。 全部否定：none / neither / nothing / nobody / no one → “全都不”。 对照：All the students are not here.（歧义，避免这样写） → Not all the students are here.（部分否定） 对照：None of the students are here.（全部否定） 组别 用法要点 例句 some / any some 用于肯定句；疑问句中表邀请、请求仍用 some；any 用于否定句、疑问句、条件句；any 在肯定句中表“任何” There are some books on the desk. / Would you like some tea? / I don't have any money. / Any child can do it. many / much many 修饰可数复数，much 修饰不可数 many friends / much time (a) few / (a) little a few 与 a little 表肯定“有几个 / 有一点”；few 与 little 表否定“几乎没有”；few 修饰可数，little 修饰不可数 I have a few friends here.（有几个）｜I have few friends here.（几乎没有）｜There is a little milk left. 复合不定代词 + 形容词 形容词必须后置 something important / anyone else no one 与 none no one 只指人、不接 of、回答 who；none 可指人指物、可接 of、回答 how many / how much —Who is in the room? —No one. / —How many? —None. / None of them came. everyone 与 every one everyone 只指人，不接 of；every one 可指人可指物，可接 of Everyone likes her. / Every one of the books is new. ★ 易错提醒｜部分否定与全部否定：这是写作与单选的双重陷阱 部分否定：not 与 all / both / every / always / everywhere 连用，意为“并非都／并非总是”。例：Not all the students like sports.（并非所有学生都喜欢运动）｜Not both of them are right.（并非两个都对）｜He is not always late.（他并非总是迟到） 全部否定：要表达“全都不”，必须用 none / neither / nothing / nobody / no one。例：None of them came.（他们一个都没来）｜Neither answer is right.（两个答案都不对）｜I know nothing about it.（我对此一无所知） 最容易错的一处：All the students are not here. 有歧义，书面语应避免；要写“并非所有学生都在”就说 Not all the students are here.；要写“学生一个都不在”就说 None of the students are here. 判断方法：看到 not + all / both / every，先翻译成“不全是”；如果题意是“全都不”，就换 none / neither / nothing。 否定转移：I don't think he is right.（我认为他不对）——否定词在主句，语义否定从句，属教材常规，写作中常见。 2.6 不定代词（三）：another / other 系列 形式 数量 泛指／特指 用法与例句 another 单数（三者及以上中的“另一个”） 泛指 ＝ an + other，后接单数名词；another two days（再两天）。例：This shirt is too small. Please show me another. other 复数（其他的） 泛指 后接复数名词，不能单独使用。例：Other students are waiting outside. others 复数（另一些） 泛指 ＝ other + 复数名词，后面不能再接名词。例：Some like sports, others like music. the other 单数（两者中的另一个）或特指的其余全部 特指 one ... the other（两者中的“一个……另一个”）。例：I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. the others 复数（其余的全部） 特指 ＝ the other + 复数名词。例：Two of them left, the others stayed. ★ 三组固定搭配（见到就成套记） one ... the other：两者中的“一个……另一个”。 one ... another：三者及以上中的“一个……另一个”。 some ... others（还可加 still others）：一些……另一些……。 判断线索：题干出现 two / twins / parents / both 等“二”的信号 → 想到 the other；出现 不确定的多个 → 想到 another 或 others。 2.7 it 的用法全景 用法 说明 例句 指代上文事物 同名同物，替代刚提到的名词 I bought a dictionary. It is very useful. 指代婴儿或身份不明者 不知性别或看不出是谁时用 it —Who is it? —It's me. / The baby is hungry. Give it some milk. 指时间、日期、天气、距离、温度、季节、环境 无人称 it，本身无实义，用来构成句子 It's 8 o'clock. / It is raining. / It is 3 miles to the station. / It is spring now. 指代上文整件事 代替前面说过的整个情况 He helped me a lot. It was very kind of him. 形式主语 代替不定式、动名词或从句作主语，使句子平衡 It is important to learn English well. / It takes me an hour to get there. / It is said that he has left. 形式宾语 代替不定式或从句作宾语，常用于 find / think / make / feel / consider 之后 I find it difficult to finish the work on time. / He made it clear that he would not come. 强调句型 It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who ... It was in the park that I met her. ★ 判断步骤（见到 it 就按这四步走） 第一步：它在句子里有没有“实际意义”？说的是时间、天气、距离、环境 → 无人称 it。 第二步：句子真正的主语或宾语在后面吗？（to do / doing / that 从句）→ 形式主语 / 形式宾语。 第三步：它是指“刚刚提到的那一个”吗？→ 指代上文事物（同名同物）。 第四步：把 It is / was 与 that 去掉，句子仍然成立吗？→ 强调句。 课标边界提示：强调句在课标附录 3 中标注为选修（提高类），学考不作硬性要求，只要求能辨认；形式主语、形式宾语属教材常规且学考高频，必须会用。 ★ 易错提醒｜形式主语与形式宾语：写作加分、单选送分 形式主语三类句式（必须成套记）：① It is + 形容词 + to do：It is important to learn English well.；② It takes sb. + 时间 + to do：It takes me an hour to get there.；③ It is + 过去分词 + that 从句：It is said that he has left.（据说） 形式宾语一类句式：find / think / make / feel / consider + it + 形容词（或名词） + to do / that 从句。例：I find it difficult to finish the work on time.｜He made it clear that he would not come. 判断方法：如果真正的主语或宾语是后面的 to do 或 that 从句，前面那个位置就必须填 it，不能填 this 或 that。 课标边界：强调句 It is / was ... that ... 标注为选修（提高类），学考不作硬性要求，只要求见到能辨认，本讲义不展开训练。 常见形式主语结构：It is + adj. + for / of sb. + to do —— for 说明事情的性质（difficult、important），of 说明人的品质（kind、clever、polite）。 2.8 疑问代词与相互代词 疑问代词 作用 例句与提示 who 问“谁”，作主语、表语（口语中也可作宾语） Who is on duty today? / Who did you meet?（口语；正式用 whom） whom 问“谁”，作宾语；介词之后必须用 whom Whom did you invite? / With whom are you going?（介词后不可用 who） whose 问“谁的”，作定语或表语 Whose book is this? / Whose is this book? what 问“什么”，无范围限制；也可问职业、身份 What do you want? / What is your father?（问职业） which 问“哪一个”，有范围限制 Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?（给定范围用 which，不用 what） 2.8.1 相互代词（教材常规，课标未单列） ● each other 与 one another 都表示“互相”。传统语法区分：each other 多用于两者，one another 多用于三者及以上；现代英语中两者常可通用，学考不作严格区分要求。 ● 句法功能：只作宾语，不作主语。We should help each other.（正确）｜Each other should help.（错误） ● 所有格形式为 each other's / one another's：They know each other's names.（他们知道彼此的名字） ● 不可与 between 之外的主语混淆：相互代词要求主语是复数，Each of them helps the other（单数主语用 the other，不用 each other）。 考点一：人称代词；物主代词与反身代词 例1. (2024年陕西省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) In the zoo, we also give 38 (they) fruit, like apples, and special panda cakes made (make) of rice, eggs and other things. 例2. （2025年福建省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）Come here! You can make it one of the best experiences of 40 (you) life! 例3. (2025年云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷) My father bought me a new bike. I asked my father to teach 39 (I) in the garden. 例4. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)During 43 (she) free time, Hongxia teaches children the basics of papercutting. 1．Natural resources are running out at such an alarming rate that we should no longer take for granted. 2．Of all the cities in China that I’d been dreaming of visiting since I first got top of my list was Chengdu, and it was all because the locals, most of (they) being tea lovers, drank it frequently. 3．To save class time, our teacher has ( we ) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. 4．“To know something about other cultures is to better understand (one) own,” he commented. 5．Toys of the children today hardly have any resemblance to those of (we) when we were little kids. 6．If your heart breaks like (I) at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action. 7．If you lose (you) in it, you can find a whole new world without leaving your house. 8．I hope Nicholas behaved (he) at the party. 9．Borrowers should think carefully before committing (they) to taking out a loan. 考点二： it的用法 例1.( 2025年广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) While you are receiving your education, 39 is a good idea to get as much hands-on experience as you can. 例2. (2025年辽宁省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Since its creation in 2018, Labubu has taken (take) the toy and cultural market by storm with 42 (it) unique design and positive spirit. It has become a symbol of courage and imagination for many young people. 1． is obvious that science plays a key role in modern agriculture. 2．She finds difficult to communicate with shy students. 3．I hate when people talk loudly in public libraries. 4．I would appreciate if you could offer me some practical suggestions. 5． is assumed that global warming and climate change can cause even more disasters in the future. 6． struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to know what I didn’t know. 7．I would appreciate if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenience. 考点三 不定代词的范围与肯否 1． of his parents are teachers, so they pay great attention to his education. 2．There are many toys on the shelf, but of them is suitable for a two-year-old baby. 3． of the two girls is fit for this job. In other words, they are not equal to this job. 4． of the twins is interested in English, so of them can help you with your English homework. 5．There was she feared more than having to run a whole mile. 6．In way, elementary schooling is more important than secondary schooling. 7． who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 8．For these reasons, I can draw a safe conclusion that there is better than singing that will make my life wonderful. 考点四 指示代词 1．The climate in Kunming is much milder than in Beijing in winter. 2．The apples on the trees are bigger than in the basket. 3．Additionally, there is no thing as a stupid question, or a leading question. 4．However, the history of Chinese furniture is even longer than of its writing, which can be traced back to the Hemudu Culture more than 7,000 years ago. 5．At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in this magazine. 6．The classes in the UK are different from in China. 一、单项选择 1．Released by an international research institute, the happiness index in Nordic nations proves far higher than ________ in most industrialized economies across the globe. A．that B．it C．one D．those 2．The views from the top of the newly built tower are far more breathtaking than ________ from the old one. A．that B．one C．those D．ones 3．The educational resources provided for urban students are far more abundant than _________ offered to rural areas in some underdeveloped provinces. A．one B．that C．those D．ones 4．Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ________ didn’t help. A．it B．she C．which D．he 5．The sense of achievement gained from long-term devotion is much stronger than ________ from instant fulfillment. A．one B．that C．those D．it 6．— Can I help you? — I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, ________ at a proper price, but of great value. A．the one B．that C．one D．it 7．Among all the obstacles the research team is confronted with, ________ arising from limited funding is of top priority and calls for immediate solutions. A．that B．none C．some D．one 8．________ didn’t occur to him that the way ________ he worked out the physics problem was much simpler than what the teacher had taught. A．It; / B．It; which C．That; in which D．That; that 9．The modern high-tech films provide impressive scenes far beyond ________ offered by the ordinary films. A．that B．what C．which D．those 10．All the changes will lead to a better Peking University, ________ that can surprise and inspire all the alumni. A．the one B．one C．it D．that 11．Mandy, we can’t do everything for you. You have to depend on ________ now. A．you B．your C．yourself D．yourselves 12．—Wow, Mr Wu can play the piano very well. —Yes. He enjoys teaching ________ to play the piano at the weekend. A．himself B．myself C．ourselves D．herself 13．Only Tom was selected for the national team, while ________ remained in the club. A．other B．another C．others D．the others 14．We find ________ interesting to visit Harbin in winter. A．that B．this C．it D．one 15．We should believe in ________ because that’s the secret of success. A．our B．us C．ours D．ourselves 16．The twins have different hobbies, but ________ of them enjoy reading in their free time. A．all B．both C．neither D．none 17．Don’t lose heart. ________ is impossible if you keep trying your best. A．Everything B．Something C．Anything D．Nothing 18．He made a discovery, ______ of great importance to the whole field of science, ______ puzzled all leading experts. A．which; that B．one; which C．what; / D．it; which 19．______ is reported in the newspaper ______ more and more people are taking up online shopping. A．That; that B．It; that C．This; what D．It; what 20．Never should we forget the war and sufferings ________ caused to the people. A．it B．one C．which D．that 二、单句语法填空 1．It happened he met his old classmate on the street yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 2．I find helpful to complete the most important task first every day. (用适当的词填空) 3．This overlapping nature leaves openings in the front and back of the skirt, making very suitable for horse‑riding. (用适当的词填空) 4．Whoever breaks the rule will be punished, and is agreed by every member. (用适当的词填空) 5．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. (用适当的词填空) 6．This platform is not only reserved for professional cooks, but also for willing to discover new experiences. 7．In England, the greatest achievements of the Romantic movement lay in poetry, especially of William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. (用适当的词填空) 8．The little girl amused (she) by drawing simple pictures on paper. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out old . (用适当的词填空) 10．The natural environment of my home town is quite different from of Russia. (用适当的词填空) 11．When a dog attacked me, I picked up a stick to defend (I) . (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Mike is a taxi driver, and this is (he) car. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．One of (they) is bike riding, or biking. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．My favorite teacher is Mr. Zhao. In (he) first class, he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．We should learn to rely on (we) instead of always depending on others in daily life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 一、阅读理解 A Our school is going to add different kinds of labour courses (劳动课程). The courses which will start from next Wednesday can help you get some practical skills. Enjoying a Good Meal Do you want to be a good cook? If you are interested in cooking, here is a chance. You needn’t bring any materials to the classroom. The only condition is that you should be free from 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. every Thursday. Becoming a Master in Cleaning You must have experienced such a situation: you want to do the housework but you find it tiring and hard. Every Wednesday, a two-hour course will totally change it. You will learn some valuable ways that help you do the cleaning. Miss Rome, a master in cleaning, waits for you at 3:00 p.m. Planting Your Hope This course is special because teachers show you skills out of classrooms. Students will plant flowers, vegetables and some trees with teachers’ help. If the weather allows, you can take the course every day between 4:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. from September 20 to October 31. Experiencing Farm Life Have you ever dreamed of feeding animals or picking fresh fruit on the farm? This course can make your dream come true. You will take the course from 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. every Friday this term. Click here to visit our school’s website to know more about the labour courses. 1．What do you have to do if you want to learn to be a cook? A．Bring some cooking materials. B．Have classes out of classrooms. C．Have some experience in cooking. D．Be free from 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Thursday. 2．What may it bring to you if you learn from Miss Rome? A．Finding cleaning not difficult. B．Spending more time cleaning. C．Getting a job as a room cleaner. D．Becoming interested in cleaning. 3．How often does the course “Experiencing Farm Life” take place? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Once a month. D．Once a term. B Throughout my early years of playing sports, I was always the shortest one on the team. People often thought that because I was short, I would never achieve anything in sports. Back then, I was often called “Shorty” or “Shrimp”, which really upset me, and I would often go home feeling low. Yet, my parents always said, “It’s okay. You are still our ‘Little Giant (巨人).’” Basketball was my favorite sport because it brought me great excitement every time I played. When I was in primary school, only three sixth-grade students made the school basketball team, and I was one of them. That made me really proud of myself. Even though everyone kept saying I was too short to play basketball well, my parents always called me “the secret weapon”. They knew I was the highest jumper on the team even though I was short. In eighth grade, I became the starting point guard and the team’s main three-point player for the whole season. I helped our team set a record of 13 wins out of 15 games. That year we finally became the champion of the final game. Last year, I started playing volleyball. At first, I thought my height would be a big problem for me. But to my surprise, I turned out to be the highest jumper on the team again. At the end of the season, I won the title of “the Most Valuable Player (MVP)” of the team. After getting the honor, I told my parents, “You see, being short doesn’t stop me from playing well. I know I can make it.” My parents were really proud and said once again, “We told you — height never matters.” No matter how short you are, your height can never decide how well you play sports. This is what I strongly believe. 4．Why did the author feel sad in his early sports years? A．He was made fun of for his short height. B．He could not keep up with his teammates. C．He had difficulty in learning sports skills. D．He seldom received support from his coach. 5．What do we know about the author’s basketball experience? A．He took great pride in his family. B．He stood out as the highest jumper. C．He failed to make the team in sixth-grade. D．He had little talent in playing basketball. 6．How did the author feel after winning the MVP title? A．Confident B．Uncertain. C．Courageous. D．Uninterested. 7．What message does the author want to convey? A．Others’ comments should never affect one. B．A physical disadvantage cannot limit one. C．Parents’ encouragement is the secret to success. D．One should stay modest when achieving success. C Sugar-free cookies, sugar-free candy, and diet soda — are these better for you? After sugar became a no-no in the nutrition and wellness world, sugar-free food and drinks acted as a replacement for sweet drinks and snacks. Being claimed to be ZERO sugar means the food and drinks are healthier, better for diabetes (糖尿病), and help you slim down... Right? Wrong. Sugar-free products aren’t better for you. In fact, they are worse. For most sugar-free products, it means that artificial sweeteners (人造甜味剂) are used instead of real sugar. The problem is that these sweeteners do not come from natural sources and they can do you more harm than good. Let’s get into what these artificial sweeteners actually are. Sugar-free sugar sounds wrong because there is no such thing as sugar-free sugar. Most artificial sweeteners are a lot sweeter than sugar so only a small quantity of them are needed. That’s why they can market sugar-free alternatives as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie”. When you eat sweet stuff, your body continues to desire it and, even though your body cannot metabolize (代谢) these sugar-free alternatives, your brain does not know the difference. In turn, sugar-free alternatives relate to weight gain and Type-2 diabetes. Besides, artificial sweeteners also damage your gut’s ability to break down sugar which impacts everything you eat. In other words, your body doesn’t know how to handle artificial sweeteners because they have nothing real to process. Here is a good rule of thumb: stay away from artificial sweeteners and look for non-sugar, natural sweeteners. Satisfy your sweet tooth with natural sugar that comes from fruits and stay away from products claimed to be sugar-free. 8．What do most sugar-free products have in common? A．They don’t taste sweet. B．They are free of calories. C．They are rich in nutrition. D．They have artificial sweeteners. 9．What can be inferred about artificial sweeteners? A．They are as sweet as sugar. B．They do harm to health. C．They can be metabolism easily. D．They have long been added to food. 10．What does the author advise us to do? A．To keep a balanced diet. B．To stay away from sugary products. C．To choose artificial sweeteners. D．To take in sugar from natural sources. 11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Why are sugar-free products bad for your health? B．How will sugar-free products affect your body? C．What can be called sugar-free products? D．Why are sugar-free products popular? D Starting high school is an exciting time, but it can also feel a little scary. Here are some tips to help you enjoy your new school life. You may feel nervous on your first day. 12 . Remember, most of your classmates feel the same way. Say hello to the people around you, and you may soon make new friends. High school has more subjects and more homework than before. 13 . If you make a simple plan every day or every week, you will feel less worried and can finish your work on time. 14 . Clubs and sports teams are a great way to meet people who share your interests. You can also learn new skills and have fun at the same time. You do not have to do everything alone. 15 . If you do not understand something, ask your teacher after class. Teachers are always happy to help students who want to learn. 16 . Eat healthy food, do some exercise and get enough sleep. A healthy body helps you study better and feel happier. With these tips, I am sure you will have a wonderful time in high school! A．But do not worry too much. B．So good time management is important. C．It is a good idea to join a club. D．Do not be afraid to ask for help. E．Take care of your health, too. F．You should study day and night. G．Watching TV is bad for your eyes. 二、完形填空 One afternoon, as I was discussing life’s deeper questions with my students, a thoughtful boy named Jack raised his hand. “Why do so many people feel anxious?” he asked. Sensing their 17 , I decided to show them the answers through experience rather than 18 explain. “Follow me.” I said, leading them toward the nearby 19 . Whispers filled the air. “Why are we going there?” Emma murmured. “Are there wild animals?” Liam added nervously. A voice 20 , “Are we even going to survive this?” I stayed 21 , walking calmly ahead. The students trailed behind me, their minds racing with 22 . Some were terrified over imaginary lions; others 23 snakes. With every step, their anxiety 24 yet I said nothing. After forty minutes, we stopped at the forest’s edge. Turning to them, I smiled. “Don’t worry — we won’t be entering. But tell me, what did you notice on our journey here?” The students 25 . “You were so caught up in 26 of the unknown,” I continued, “that you 27 the birds singing, the sunlight filtering through the leaves and the 28 round you.” Jack’s eyes lit up with realization. “So…we worry so much about the future that we 29 to live now?” “Exactly,” I replied. “Life is like a journey. If we let fear take over, we’ll overlook its wonders.” The students nodded, their faces brightening. As we walked back, they laughed, 30 noticing the wonders they’d overlooked before. The lesson was simple but profound: Live in the moment. Don’t let fear 31 today’s gifts. 17．A．sadness B．regret C．pride D．curiosity 18．A．simply B．nearly C．hardly D．mostly 19．A．farm B．forest C．village D．mountain 20．A．shook B．screamed C．burst D．demanded 21．A．excited B．guarded C．calm D．terrified 22．A．plans B．guesses C．decisions D．solutions 23．A．sensed B．spotted C．pictured D．reminded 24．A．grew B．dropped C．appeared D．improved 25．A．stayed calm B．fell silent C．turned pale D．went mad 26．A．joy B．fear C．anger D．hope 27．A．enjoyed B．missed C．avoided D．desired 28．A．beauty B．silence C．warmth D．treasure 29．A．refuse B．pretend C．forget D．remember 30．A．mainly B．totally C．possibly D．finally 31．A．require B．present C．exchange D．steal 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Lijiang, a thousand-year-old craft is finding new life in travelers’ suitcases. Dongba paper, once used for recording Naxi ancient texts, has become 32 popular souvenir for visitors worldwide. It is made from the bark (树皮)of a special plant, 33 grows high in the surrounding mountains. The paper 34 (produce) through several steps: soaking, pounding, spreading on bamboo screens and sun-drying. For hundreds of years, Dongba paper 35 (use) by Naxi religious workers to write old religious books. Unlike industrial paper, each sheet keeps 36 (it) natural plant fibers. It has its own uniqueness, 37 (preserve) visible plant fibers and natural textures (质地). No two are alike. This traditional paper is 38 (real) strong. It can last hundreds of years. Now many tourists are drawn to it. Postcards showing Dongba words Dongba languages and local scenery are popular. Visitors often write 39 (blessing) on them and send them home. Notebooks with raw edges and leather covers serve as travel journals, where people stick tickets and 40 (photo). 41 (see) such great beauty, more and more travellers want to take home a piece of Dongba paper. 四、书信写作 42．假定你是李华，你校英文报社正在就“AI生成式工具（如豆包、Kimi）”这一话题征文，上周五你们班也就该话题进行了激烈的讨论。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括： （1）介绍讨论的情况； （2）发表自己的看法。 参考词汇：AI生成式工具 AI-powered creation tools 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 代词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 人称代词；物主代词与反身代词 考点二 it的用法 考点三 不定代词的范围与肯否 考点四 指示代词 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 代词在课标附录 3“一、词类 → 5. 代词”条目下设六项：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词，全部不带星号——即属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着代词的六个大类全部是学考的合法考点，且考查重点落在“辨别细微差别”上，复习目标是“选得准”而不是“认得全”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 代词 人称代词 必修 掌握主格与宾格的分工；掌握并列人称的顺序；了解 we / you / they 泛指“人们”的用法 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 物主代词 必修 区分形容词性与名词性物主代词；掌握双重所有格 a friend of mine；区分 its 与 it's 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 反身代词 必修 掌握 by oneself、enjoy oneself、help oneself to 等固定搭配；明确反身代词不能作主语 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 指示代词 必修 掌握 this / that / these / those 的近指与远指；掌握 that / those 在比较结构中替代前文名词 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 不定代词 必修 掌握范围（两者／三者及以上）、肯否（含部分否定）、泛指特指三组辨析；掌握复合不定代词与形容词后置 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 疑问代词 必修 掌握 who / whom / whose / what / which 的选用；明确 what 无范围、which 有范围 熟练掌握 单项选择 边界 说明 替代词 it / one / that / those 教材常规 课标未在代词条目下单列，但替代是语篇衔接的基础，学考单选高频；要求能区分同名同物与同类异物 正确理解和使用 单项选择、完形填空 it 作形式主语、形式宾语 教材常规 课标未单列，但 It takes sb. some time to do、find it difficult to do 等句式属学考稳定考点 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空、写作 关系代词（that / which / who / whom / whose） 必修 * 课标归入“主从复合句 → 关系从句”：限制性关系从句属必修，非限制性属选择性必修 辨认与理解 语法填空、阅读 强调句型 It is ... that ... 选修（提高类）*** 课标归入“强调”且标注三个星号，学考不作硬性要求，只要求能辨认，不作考查重点 不作要求 — 相互代词 each other / one another 教材常规 课标未单列，但教材与学业水平考试均涉及；掌握所有格 each other's 正确理解和使用 单项选择、写作 ★ 层级解读（务必先看这一条） ● 代词六大类全部不带星号，属“必修且应熟练掌握”层级——与名词、冠词并列为基础项目。学考对代词的要求是“在语境中选准”，不是“背下定义”。 ● 两大主战场：一是不定代词（范围、肯否、泛指特指三组辨析，占代词考点的半数以上）；二是替代词 it / one / that / those（几乎每年单选必现）。 ● 关系代词与强调句不在本专题主攻范围。关系代词归入定语从句条目（限制性必修、非限制性选择性必修），强调句标注为选修（提高类），学考不作硬性要求——本讲义仅作边界提示，不作展开。 ● 本讲义的分层口径：必修＝课标附录 3 不带星号；必修 *＝带一个星号；教材常规＝课标未单列但教材与学业水平考试均涉及。凡涉及选修（提高类）内容，本讲义一律明确标注且不作为考查要求。 ★ 易错提醒｜代词是“最熟悉的陌生人” 代词是中学最早接触的语法项目，却是学考单选中最难拿满分的一块。原因有三： 原因一：考点密集且成组出现。both / either / neither 管两者，all / any / none 管三者及以上，each 两者三者都能用——一条范围判断错了，整组选项全错。 原因二：汉语没有完全对应项。英语用 it / one / that 区分“同一个、同类的任一个、特指的同类物”，汉语只说“它 / 一个”，中国学生习惯一律用 it，这是替代词失分的根本原因。 原因三：否定表达有陷阱。“并非都”与“全都不”在英语里是两套词：not all 是部分否定，none 才是全部否定——写作与单选都会在这里栽跟头。 本讲义的处理方式：按“六大类 → 人称物主反身 → 指示与替代 → 不定代词三节 → it 的用法”推进，每节配速查表、易错提示与成对对照，目标是把这三处集中失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 单项选择 代词属最稳定的语法考点之一，几乎每年必现，以不定代词与替代词为主 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 代词不可因“简单”而跳过，它考的是细微辨析 最稳定考法 替代词 it / one / that / those 的选用（给出上下文，要求替代前文名词） 先判断“同一个 / 同类泛指 / 同类特指”，再选词 第二稳定考法 不定代词的范围与肯否（both / either / neither / all / none / each） 题干里数一数有几个对象，答案就出来一半 语法填空 人称代词主宾格转换、物主代词形容词性与名词性转换、反身代词（提示词为 you / he 等） 提示词是人称代词时，先判断它在句中充当什么成分 完形填空 复合不定代词与上下文逻辑（something / anything / nothing） 先定句子的肯否语气，再定用哪个复合词 书面表达 代词指代不清、主宾格混用、漏用反身代词直接影响语言准确度与连贯性 写作中“一个段落内指代要一致”要自查 干扰项设计 多为“范围判断错”“泛指特指混淆”“its 与 it's 混用”“部分否定误作全部否定”四类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近年各地学考与全国卷代词题的命题走向 ● 替代词题长考不衰，且越来越依赖上下文。经典题例：—May I use your calculator? —Sorry, I left it at home.（指同一个计算器）；We needed a new cupboard, so Peter made one from some wood.（同类泛指，指“做一个橱柜”）。两题一字之差，判断却完全相反。 ● 比较结构中的 that / those 是固定得分点。经典题例：The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Harbin.（that 替代不可数名词 weather）；The books here are more interesting than those in the library.（those 替代复数 books）。见到 than，先想替代词。 ● 不定代词的范围判断常与谓语单复数捆绑。经典题例：I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came.（两者都不，谓语单数）；Ling Ling and Betty are great. Both of them have been chosen...（两者都，谓语复数）。谓语的形式反过来验证范围判断。 ● 反身代词集中在固定搭配与“靠自己”语义。经典题例：Did the students make the fruit salad themselves?（by oneself 结构）；Help yourself to some fish.（请随便吃点）。反身代词题几乎都是搭配题，靠背。 ● 复合不定代词与语境语气绑定。经典题例：All the things we need are here — Everything is in this bag.（表“一切”）；—Would you like some tea? —Yes, please.（表邀请的疑问句仍用 some）。先读语气，再选词。 ● 形式宾语 it 是语法填空的常客。经典题例：I found it difficult to finish the work on time.（it 代替不定式作形式宾语）。find / think / make / feel / consider + it + 形容词 + to do 需成套记忆。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先数对象定范围 拿到代词题先数一数涉及几个对象：两个 → both / either / neither / the other；三个及以上 → all / any / none / every / another；不确定 → some / any 范围判断错、both 与 all 混用 再分泛指与特指 同一个 → it；同类泛指 → one / ones；同类特指（常带后置修饰或用于比较结构）→ that / those；其余的“另一个”按“两者用 the other，多者用 another”处理 替代词混用、another 与 the other 错选 后固化搭配与否定 把反身代词 12 个固定搭配、形式主语／形式宾语 5 个句式单独列表滚动过；not all 部分否定与 none 全部否定成对记，一次记两个 搭配记错、部分否定误判 2.1 代词六大类与判断三问 类别 核心功能 例词 课标层级 人称代词 代替人或事物的名称，分主格与宾格 I / me、we / us、you、he / him、she / her、it、they / them 必修 物主代词 表示所属关系，分形容词性与名词性 my / mine、your / yours、his、her / hers、its、our / ours、their / theirs 必修 反身代词 动作返回到发出者本身；或作同位语表强调 myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves 必修 指示代词 指示或指代上文说过、下文要说的事物 this、that、these、those（such、the same 亦可起指示作用） 必修 不定代词 指代不明确的人或事物，是学考第一大考点 some / any、both / either / neither、all / any / none、each / every、another / other、one、many / much、(a) few / (a) little 及复合不定代词 必修 疑问代词 构成特殊疑问句 who、whom、whose、what、which 必修 ★ 代词判断三问（做题按此顺序，答完即可定答案） 第一问：范围是什么？两者 → both / either / neither；三者及以上 → all / any / none / every；范围不确定 → some / any、many / much 等。 第二问：肯定还是否定？（含部分否定）肯定 → both / all / either / some；全否定 → neither / none / nothing / no one；部分否定 → not all / not both / not every。 第三问：泛指还是特指？泛指 → one、another、other、others；特指 → it、that / those、the other、the others、the one。 记忆主线：先定范围，再定肯否，最后定泛指特指。 句法功能 说明 例句 主语 代词代替名词作主语，用主格 We are going to visit the museum. / Someone is waiting for you. 宾语 动词或介词之后用宾格 He helped me with my English. / This book is for her. 表语 系动词之后；口语中常用宾格 It's me.（口语）／It is I who am right.（正式文体） 定语 形容词性物主代词修饰名词 My brother is a doctor. / The school is proud of its history. 同位语 反身代词或不定代词作同位语，表强调 The president himself came to the meeting. / They each got a prize. 强调（同位） 反身代词作名词或代词的同位语，表“亲自、本人”，需紧跟被强调的词 We did the work ourselves.（我们亲自做的）｜The president himself came. 2.2 人称代词 · 物主代词 · 反身代词 人称与数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 第一人称复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself 第二人称复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称单数（男） he him his his himself 第三人称单数（女） she her her hers herself 第三人称单数（物） it it its its itself 第三人称复数 they them their theirs themselves ★ 三条使用纪律（本表最容易失分的三处） 纪律一：its 与 it's 不同。its 是物主代词（它的），it's = it is / it has。例：The dog wagged its tail.（它的尾巴）｜It's raining.（天在下雨） 纪律二：名词性物主代词后面不能再接名词。This book is mine.（正确）｜This is mine book.（错误，应用 my） 纪律三：双重所有格用名词性物主代词。a friend of mine（我的一个朋友）＝ one of my friends；a friend of me 是错误的。 2.2.1 人称代词的三条用法纪律 要点 说明与例句 主格与宾格的分工 主格作主语，宾格作宾语（含介词宾语）。例：She helped me.（她帮我）／The teacher praised him.（老师表扬了他） 并列人称的顺序 单数按“你 → 他 / 她 → 我”排列：you, he and I；复数按“我们 → 你们 → 他们”排列：we, you and they。承担责任、作检讨时第一人称在前：I and he are to blame. we / you / they 泛指“人们” We should work hard.（人们应当努力）／They say it will rain tomorrow.（据说／人们说）／You never know what may happen.（谁也说不准） it 指人、指事与无人称用法 指代婴儿或身份不明者：—Who is it? —It's me.；指代时间、天气、距离：It is raining.；详见 2.7 2.2.2 反身代词的高频固定搭配（学考几乎都是搭配题） 搭配 含义 例句 by oneself 独自、靠自己 She finished the work by herself. enjoy oneself 玩得开心 Did you enjoy yourselves at the party? help oneself to 随便吃 / 自取 Help yourself to some fish. teach oneself 自学 He taught himself French. dress oneself 自己穿衣服 The child can dress himself now. make oneself at home 别客气、像在自己家一样 Please make yourselves at home. devote oneself to 献身于 She devoted herself to teaching. seat oneself 就座 He seated himself by the window. look after oneself 照顾自己 You must look after yourself. believe in oneself 相信自己 Believe in yourself and you will succeed. say to oneself 心里想、自言自语 “I can do it,” he said to himself. come to oneself 苏醒、恢复常态 After a while he came to himself. ★ 易错提醒｜人称 · 物主 · 反身代词的三处“必错点” 错点一：its 与 it's 混用。its 是物主代词（它的），it's 是 it is / it has 的缩写。例：The company has changed its name.（它的）｜It's getting dark.（天在变黑）——考试写错这两个形式是最常见的扣分点。 错点二：名词性物主代词后面又接了名词。This book is mine.（正确）｜This is mine book.（错误，应用 my）——判断方法：后面有名词用形容词性，后面没有名词用名词性。 错点三：双重所有格用错了格。a friend of mine（正确）＝ one of my friends｜a friend of me（错误）——of 之后必须是名词性物主代词或名词所有格：a friend of my father's。 附一条：反身代词不能作主语。Myself did it.（错误）→ I did it myself.（正确）。 2.3 指示代词与替代词 it / one / that / those 替代词 指代对象 泛指／特指 例句 判断提示 it 上文提到的同一个事物 特指（同名同物） I lost my pen and can't find it. 找的是“丢的那支笔” one 上文同类中的任意一个（可数单数） 泛指（＝ a + 名词） I lost my pen, so I'll buy a new one. 买的是同类中的一支 ones 上文同类中的一些（可数复数） 泛指 I prefer red apples to green ones. 常带前置／后置定语 the one 同类中的特定一个（可数单数） 特指 The book on the desk is the one I want. 有定语限定才用 that 上文同类事物（可数单数或不可数） 特指（＝ the + 名词） The weather here is colder than that in Beijing. 比较结构，后接 of / in 短语 those 上文同类的复数事物 特指，多用于比较结构 The books here are cheaper than those in the shop. 复数用 those ★ 口诀与判断步骤 口诀：同名同物用 it，同类泛指用 one，比较结构中替代前文名词用 that / those。 第一步：是不是“同一个”？是 → it。 第二步：是不是“同类中的任一个”且前面无定指？是 → one（复数用 ones）。 第三步：是不是比较结构中被替代、且常带后置修饰语？是 → that（不可数／单数）／those（复数）。 典型陷阱：The population of China is larger than that of Japan.（population 不可数，用 that，不可用 one，也不可用 it。） 指示代词 用法 例句 this / these 指较近的人或物；也可指下文将要说到的事 This is my new phone. / Remember this: never give up. that / those 指较远的人或物；常指上文已经说过的事 That is our school. / He was late. That made me angry. this / that（电话用语） 自我介绍用 this，问对方用 that This is Mary speaking. Who is that? that / those（比较结构） 替代前文提到的名词，避免重复；后常接 of / in 短语 The population of China is larger than that of Japan. such / the same 起指示作用，指代上文提到的情况 He said he was busy; such was his excuse. / —Happy New Year! —The same to you. ★ 易错提醒｜替代词：先分清“同一个”和“同一类” it 指“同一个”：I lost my pen and can't find it.（找的是丢的那支笔） one 指“同类中的任一个”，是泛指：I lost my pen, so I'll buy a new one.（买的是同类中的一支，不是原来那支） that / those 指“同类中的那一个 / 那些”，是特指，多用于比较结构：The weather here is colder than that in Beijing.（that 替代 the weather） 一句口诀：同名同物用 it，同类泛指用 one，比较结构中替代前文名词用 that / those。 特别提醒：that 可以替代不可数名词，one 不能；不可数名词（weather、population、advice 等）在比较结构中一律用 that。 典型陷阱：The population of China is larger than that of Japan.（不可用 one，也不可用 it） 2.4 不定代词（一）：范围与肯否 范围 “都” “任一” “都不” “每个” 谓语与搭配 两者 both either neither each both 作主语谓语用复数；either / neither 用单数；both ... and 谓语复数，either ... or / neither ... nor 就近原则 三者及以上 all any none every all 指人看作复数、指物看作单数；none of + 复数名词，谓语单、复均可（正式文体偏单数）；every 只能作定语，必须接单数名词 不确定数量 — some / any — each / every some 用于肯定句与表邀请、请求的疑问句；any 用于否定句、疑问句、条件句；any 在肯定句中表“任何” ★ 四条铁律（范围类不定代词的所有设坑点） 铁律一：both / either / neither 只用于两者。见到 two、twins、parents、either side of the street 一类的“二”，先想到这三个词。 铁律二：all / any / none / every 用于三者及以上。三者以上的“都不”用 none，不用 neither。 铁律三：each 两者、三者都能用，且可单独作主语（each of them）；every 不能单独作主语，必须说 every student。 铁律四：谓语随词走。each / either / neither / one / much / something 作主语谓语用单数；both / few / a few / many / several 作主语谓语用复数；all 与 none 视所指而定。 不定代词 适用范围 谓语形式 例句 both 两者都 复数 Both of my parents are teachers. either 两者中任一 单数 Either of the two books is interesting. neither 两者都不 单数 Neither of them was at home yesterday. all 三者及以上都 指人复数、指物单数 All of the students are here. / All is ready. any 三者及以上任一 单、复均可 You may take any of these books. none 三者及以上都不 单、复均可（正式偏单） None of the answers is / are right. each 两者或两者以上每个 单数 Each of the students has a dictionary. every 三者及以上每个（只作定语） 后接单数名词 Every student has a dictionary. ★ 易错提醒｜主谓一致：谓语反过来验证你的范围判断 each / either / neither / one / much / something 作主语，谓语用单数：Each of them has ... / Neither answer is ... both / few / a few / many / several 作主语，谓语用复数：Both of them are ... both ... and 连接主语，谓语用复数：Both Tom and Jerry are students. either ... or / neither ... nor / not only ... but also 连接主语，谓语就近一致：Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer.（就近 students）｜Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.（就近 teacher） all 与 none 视所指而定：All of the money is gone.（指物，单数）｜All of the students are here.（指人，复数） 一条判断纪律：谓语的单复数不是死记的，它反过来验证你选的范围词对不对——如果谓语是 has，前面绝不可能填 both。 就近原则三兄弟：either ... or / neither ... nor / not only ... but also；就远原则：as well as、with、together with、rather than。 2.5 不定代词（二）：复合不定代词与否定 类别 成员 用法要点 例句 指物 something / anything / nothing / everything 形容词修饰必须后置；作主语谓语用单数 something important；There is nothing wrong with it. 指人 someone / anyone / no one / everyone somebody / anybody / nobody / everybody 同上；no one 必须分开写，不能写成 noone；anyone 与 any one、everyone 与 every one 意思不同 Someone is waiting for you. / No one knows the answer. 回答疑问词 none / no one / nothing none 回答 how many / how much，可接 of，指人指物均可；no one 回答 who，只指人、不接 of；nothing 回答 what，只指物 —How many? —None. / —Who? —No one. / —What? —Nothing. 部分否定 not all / not both / not every / not always / not everywhere not 与 all、both、every、always、everywhere 连用是部分否定，意为“并非都／并非总是” Not all the students like it.（并非所有学生都喜欢） I don't know all of them.（我并非全都认识） 全部否定 none / neither / nothing / nobody / no one 表示“一个都没有／全都不” None of them came. / Neither answer is right. ★ 一条必须记住的分界线 部分否定：not + all / both / every / always → “不全是”。 全部否定：none / neither / nothing / nobody / no one → “全都不”。 对照：All the students are not here.（歧义，避免这样写） → Not all the students are here.（部分否定） 对照：None of the students are here.（全部否定） 组别 用法要点 例句 some / any some 用于肯定句；疑问句中表邀请、请求仍用 some；any 用于否定句、疑问句、条件句；any 在肯定句中表“任何” There are some books on the desk. / Would you like some tea? / I don't have any money. / Any child can do it. many / much many 修饰可数复数，much 修饰不可数 many friends / much time (a) few / (a) little a few 与 a little 表肯定“有几个 / 有一点”；few 与 little 表否定“几乎没有”；few 修饰可数，little 修饰不可数 I have a few friends here.（有几个）｜I have few friends here.（几乎没有）｜There is a little milk left. 复合不定代词 + 形容词 形容词必须后置 something important / anyone else no one 与 none no one 只指人、不接 of、回答 who；none 可指人指物、可接 of、回答 how many / how much —Who is in the room? —No one. / —How many? —None. / None of them came. everyone 与 every one everyone 只指人，不接 of；every one 可指人可指物，可接 of Everyone likes her. / Every one of the books is new. ★ 易错提醒｜部分否定与全部否定：这是写作与单选的双重陷阱 部分否定：not 与 all / both / every / always / everywhere 连用，意为“并非都／并非总是”。例：Not all the students like sports.（并非所有学生都喜欢运动）｜Not both of them are right.（并非两个都对）｜He is not always late.（他并非总是迟到） 全部否定：要表达“全都不”，必须用 none / neither / nothing / nobody / no one。例：None of them came.（他们一个都没来）｜Neither answer is right.（两个答案都不对）｜I know nothing about it.（我对此一无所知） 最容易错的一处：All the students are not here. 有歧义，书面语应避免；要写“并非所有学生都在”就说 Not all the students are here.；要写“学生一个都不在”就说 None of the students are here. 判断方法：看到 not + all / both / every，先翻译成“不全是”；如果题意是“全都不”，就换 none / neither / nothing。 否定转移：I don't think he is right.（我认为他不对）——否定词在主句，语义否定从句，属教材常规，写作中常见。 2.6 不定代词（三）：another / other 系列 形式 数量 泛指／特指 用法与例句 another 单数（三者及以上中的“另一个”） 泛指 ＝ an + other，后接单数名词；another two days（再两天）。例：This shirt is too small. Please show me another. other 复数（其他的） 泛指 后接复数名词，不能单独使用。例：Other students are waiting outside. others 复数（另一些） 泛指 ＝ other + 复数名词，后面不能再接名词。例：Some like sports, others like music. the other 单数（两者中的另一个）或特指的其余全部 特指 one ... the other（两者中的“一个……另一个”）。例：I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. the others 复数（其余的全部） 特指 ＝ the other + 复数名词。例：Two of them left, the others stayed. ★ 三组固定搭配（见到就成套记） one ... the other：两者中的“一个……另一个”。 one ... another：三者及以上中的“一个……另一个”。 some ... others（还可加 still others）：一些……另一些……。 判断线索：题干出现 two / twins / parents / both 等“二”的信号 → 想到 the other；出现 不确定的多个 → 想到 another 或 others。 2.7 it 的用法全景 用法 说明 例句 指代上文事物 同名同物，替代刚提到的名词 I bought a dictionary. It is very useful. 指代婴儿或身份不明者 不知性别或看不出是谁时用 it —Who is it? —It's me. / The baby is hungry. Give it some milk. 指时间、日期、天气、距离、温度、季节、环境 无人称 it，本身无实义，用来构成句子 It's 8 o'clock. / It is raining. / It is 3 miles to the station. / It is spring now. 指代上文整件事 代替前面说过的整个情况 He helped me a lot. It was very kind of him. 形式主语 代替不定式、动名词或从句作主语，使句子平衡 It is important to learn English well. / It takes me an hour to get there. / It is said that he has left. 形式宾语 代替不定式或从句作宾语，常用于 find / think / make / feel / consider 之后 I find it difficult to finish the work on time. / He made it clear that he would not come. 强调句型 It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who ... It was in the park that I met her. ★ 判断步骤（见到 it 就按这四步走） 第一步：它在句子里有没有“实际意义”？说的是时间、天气、距离、环境 → 无人称 it。 第二步：句子真正的主语或宾语在后面吗？（to do / doing / that 从句）→ 形式主语 / 形式宾语。 第三步：它是指“刚刚提到的那一个”吗？→ 指代上文事物（同名同物）。 第四步：把 It is / was 与 that 去掉，句子仍然成立吗？→ 强调句。 课标边界提示：强调句在课标附录 3 中标注为选修（提高类），学考不作硬性要求，只要求能辨认；形式主语、形式宾语属教材常规且学考高频，必须会用。 ★ 易错提醒｜形式主语与形式宾语：写作加分、单选送分 形式主语三类句式（必须成套记）：① It is + 形容词 + to do：It is important to learn English well.；② It takes sb. + 时间 + to do：It takes me an hour to get there.；③ It is + 过去分词 + that 从句：It is said that he has left.（据说） 形式宾语一类句式：find / think / make / feel / consider + it + 形容词（或名词） + to do / that 从句。例：I find it difficult to finish the work on time.｜He made it clear that he would not come. 判断方法：如果真正的主语或宾语是后面的 to do 或 that 从句，前面那个位置就必须填 it，不能填 this 或 that。 课标边界：强调句 It is / was ... that ... 标注为选修（提高类），学考不作硬性要求，只要求见到能辨认，本讲义不展开训练。 常见形式主语结构：It is + adj. + for / of sb. + to do —— for 说明事情的性质（difficult、important），of 说明人的品质（kind、clever、polite）。 2.8 疑问代词与相互代词 疑问代词 作用 例句与提示 who 问“谁”，作主语、表语（口语中也可作宾语） Who is on duty today? / Who did you meet?（口语；正式用 whom） whom 问“谁”，作宾语；介词之后必须用 whom Whom did you invite? / With whom are you going?（介词后不可用 who） whose 问“谁的”，作定语或表语 Whose book is this? / Whose is this book? what 问“什么”，无范围限制；也可问职业、身份 What do you want? / What is your father?（问职业） which 问“哪一个”，有范围限制 Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?（给定范围用 which，不用 what） 2.8.1 相互代词（教材常规，课标未单列） ● each other 与 one another 都表示“互相”。传统语法区分：each other 多用于两者，one another 多用于三者及以上；现代英语中两者常可通用，学考不作严格区分要求。 ● 句法功能：只作宾语，不作主语。We should help each other.（正确）｜Each other should help.（错误） ● 所有格形式为 each other's / one another's：They know each other's names.（他们知道彼此的名字） ● 不可与 between 之外的主语混淆：相互代词要求主语是复数，Each of them helps the other（单数主语用 the other，不用 each other）。 考点一：人称代词；物主代词与反身代词 例1. (2024年陕西省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) In the zoo, we also give 38 (they) fruit, like apples, and special panda cakes made (make) of rice, eggs and other things. 【答案】38．them 【详解】38．考查代词。句意：在动物园里，我们也给它们水果，像苹果，还有用大米、鸡蛋和其他东西做成的特殊熊猫蛋糕。本空作give的宾语，用宾格them，故填them。 例2. （2025年福建省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）Come here! You can make it one of the best experiences of 40 (you) life! 【答案】40．your 【详解】40．考查代词。句意：来吧！你可以让它成为你人生中最美好的经历之一！！该空为名词life的定语，应使用形容词性物主代词your。 例3. (2025年云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷) My father bought me a new bike. I asked my father to teach 39 (I) in the garden. 【答案】39．me 【详解】39．考查代词。句意：我让父亲在花园里教我。空处作动词的宾语，用宾格me。故填me。 例4. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)During 43 (she) free time, Hongxia teaches children the basics of papercutting. 【答案】43．her 【详解】43．考查代词。句意：在空闲时间，红霞教孩子们剪纸的基础知识。提示词修饰名词time，用形容词性物主代词her作定语，意为“她的”。故填her。 1．Natural resources are running out at such an alarming rate that we should no longer take for granted. 【答案】them 【详解】考查代词和固定搭配。句意：自然资源正在以令人担忧的速度枯竭，我们不该再把它们视为理所当然。根据固定搭配“take... for granted(把……视为理所当然)”和句意可知，此处指代前面的复数名词“Natural resources”，应用宾格代词“them”作宾语。故填them。 2．Of all the cities in China that I’d been dreaming of visiting since I first got top of my list was Chengdu, and it was all because the locals, most of (they) being tea lovers, drank it frequently. 【答案】them 【详解】考查代词。句意：在我心目中，自始至终一直向往去游览的城市当中，成都无疑是我最钟情的那个。这全是因为那里的居民——他们中的大多数人都是茶爱好者——经常饮用茶水。空处作of的宾语，此处并非定语从句，应用they的宾格形式them。故填them。 3．To save class time, our teacher has ( we ) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. 【答案】us 【详解】考查代词。句意：为了节省课堂时间，我们老师让我们学生在课堂上做一半练习，另一半作为家庭作业完成。此处考查“have + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，其中“宾语”需要用人称代词的宾格形式。所给词“we”是主格，其宾格形式为“us”，在句中作动词“has”的宾语，“students”是“us”的同位语，进一步说明宾语的身份。故填us。 4．“To know something about other cultures is to better understand (one) own,” he commented. 【详解】考查代词。句意：“了解其他文化就是更好地了解自己的文化，”他评论道。分析句子可知，“one’s own”是固定搭配，意为“某人自己的”，one’s 是形容词性物主代词，用来修饰后面的名词（本句中省略了名词 culture）。此处需要将代词 one 变为其形容词性物主代词形式 one’s。故填one’s。 5．Toys of the children today hardly have any resemblance to those of (we) when we were little kids. 【答案】ours 【详解】考查代词。句意：今天孩子们的玩具与我们小时玩具几乎没用任何相似之处。此处作介词of的宾语，应当使用名词性物主代词ours，表示our toys。故填ours。 6．If your heart breaks like (I) at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action. 【答案】mine 【详解】考查代词。句意：如果一想到我们不可替代的遗产将永远失去，你的心就像我的心一样破碎，请采取行动。根据“your heart breaks like”可知，句中要表达“你的心和我的心一样破碎”，故空处应填名词性物主代词mine“我的”作宾语。故填mine。 7．If you lose (you) in it, you can find a whole new world without leaving your house. 【答案】yourself/yourselves 【详解】句意：如果你沉浸其中，足不出户就能发现一个全新的世界。 分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定短语lose oneself in sth.，意为“沉浸于……”；主句主语是you，此处为单数泛指“你”，用反身代词yourself；若you指代多人“你们”，则可用yourselves，两者语法均成立。 8．I hope Nicholas behaved (he) at the party. 【答案】himself 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我希望尼古拉斯在聚会上表现得体。根据空格前的behaved可知，此处用提示词的反身代词构成固定短语“behave oneself”表示“表现得得体”，因为提示词是he所以用himself。故填himself。 9．Borrowers should think carefully before committing (they) to taking out a loan. 【答案】themselves 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：借款人在决定申请贷款之前应当慎重考虑。空处作动词committing的宾语，与主语Borrowers所指一致，故应用反身代词themselves，表示“他们自己”；动词短语commit oneself to表示“投身于、致力于”，符合句子和句意。故填themselves。 考点二： it的用法 例1.( 2025年广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) While you are receiving your education, 39 is a good idea to get as much hands-on experience as you can. 【答案】39．it 【详解】39．考查形式主语。句意：在你接受教育期间，尽可能多地获取实践经验是个好主意。句子真正主语是 “to get as much hands-on experience as you can”，为避免头重脚轻，需用“it”作形式主语，构成“it is a good idea to do sth”结构。故填it。 例2. (2025年辽宁省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Since its creation in 2018, Labubu has taken (take) the toy and cultural market by storm with 42 (it) unique design and positive spirit. It has become a symbol of courage and imagination for many young people. 【答案】42．its 【详解】42．考查代词。句意：自2018年诞生以来，拉布布以其独特的设计和积极的精神席卷了玩具和文化市场。根据空后名词短语“unique design and positive spirit”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词短语，it的形容词性物主代词为its，故填its。 1． is obvious that science plays a key role in modern agriculture. 【答案】It 【详解】句意：很明显，科学在现代农业中起着关键作用。固定句型It is obvious that…中It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。 2．She finds difficult to communicate with shy students. 【答案】it 【详解】句意：她发现和腼腆的学生沟通很困难。find it+adj.+to do为固定句型，it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。 3．I hate when people talk loudly in public libraries. 【答案】it 【详解】句意：我讨厌人们在公共图书馆大声喧哗。在英语中，像hate, like, love, appreciate等表示喜好或厌恶的动词，后接when或if引导的从句作宾语时，通常需要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语（when/if从句）放在后面。 4．I would appreciate if you could offer me some practical suggestions. 【答案】it 【详解】句意：如果您能给我提供一些实用的建议，我将不胜感激。固定句型I would appreciate it if...意为“如果……我将不胜感激”，其中it作形式宾语，指代后面if引导的从句内容。 5． is assumed that global warming and climate change can cause even more disasters in the future. 【答案】It 【详解】句意：人们普遍认为，全球变暖和气候变化未来还可能导致更多灾难。此处为固定句型“It is assumed that...”，该句型中it作形式主语，指代后面that引导的主语从句，是英语中为避免句子头重脚轻的常用结构，因此此处填入it，首字母需大写。 6． struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to know what I didn’t know. 【答案】It 【详解】考查代词。句意：我突然意识到，我假装知道自己不知道的东西，其实是在自欺欺人。此处为固定句型It strikes sb. that ...“某人突然想到……”，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。故填It。 7．I would appreciate if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenience. 【答案】it 【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：如果您能在方便的时候尽早给我回复，我将不胜感激。I would appreciate it if...是固定句式，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是if引导的从句。故填it。 考点三 不定代词的范围与肯否 1． of his parents are teachers, so they pay great attention to his education. 【答案】Both 【详解】句意：他的父母都是老师，所以他们非常关注他的教育。根据空后“are teachers”及主语“of his parents”可知，空处需用代词指代“两者都”，应用不定代词both，置于句首，首字母需大写。 2．There are many toys on the shelf, but of them is suitable for a two-year-old baby. 【答案】none 【详解】句意：架子上有很多玩具，但没有一个适合两岁的宝宝。结合“many toys”和表示转折的but可知，此处指这些玩具中没有一个适合两岁的孩子，表示“三者（或以上）都不”用代词none。 3． of the two girls is fit for this job. In other words, they are not equal to this job. 【答案】Neither 【详解】考查代词。句意：这两个女孩中没有一个适合这份工作。换句话说，她们无法胜任这份工作。neither用于指两者都不，契合two girls及not equal to this job的否定语境，且位于句首首字母需大写，故填Neither。 4． of the twins is interested in English, so of them can help you with your English homework. 【答案】 Some some 【详解】考查代词。句意：这些双胞胎中有一些对英语感兴趣，所以他们中的一些可以帮助你做英语作业。两句均为肯定句，表示“一些”，应用some，且第一空位语句首，单词首字母大写。故填①Some；②some。 5．There was she feared more than having to run a whole mile. 【答案】nothing 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：没有什么比跑一整英里更让她害怕的了。分析句子可知，“There was nothing more than...”是固定句式，意为“没有什么比…… 的了”，为“否定词+比较级”暗含最高级的用法，符合语境。故填nothing。 6．In way, elementary schooling is more important than secondary schooling. 【答案】a/some/one 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在某种程度上，小学教育比中学教育更重要。in a/some/one way，在某种程度上，作状语。故答案为a/some/one。 7． who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 【答案】Anyone 【详解】考查代词。句意：最后离开房间的人应该关灯。根据下文“leaves the room(离开房间)”可知，这里需要一个不定代词来指代任何一个可能最后离开房间的人。Anyone是一个不定代词，用来指任何一个人，符合句意。故填Anyone。 8．For these reasons, I can draw a safe conclusion that there is better than singing that will make my life wonderful. 【答案】nothing 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：基于这些理由，我可以得出一个可靠的结论：没有什么比唱歌更能使我的生活变得精彩了。由“better than singing that will make my life wonderful”可知，“否定词+比较级”相当于最高级，句子表示“没有什么比唱歌更能使我的生活变得精彩了”，空格处意为“没有什么，没有一件东西”，应用nothing。故填nothing。 考点四 指示代词 1．The climate in Kunming is much milder than in Beijing in winter. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：昆明的气候比北京冬季要温和得多。设空处使用代词指代“北京的气候”，为同类异物特指，weather不可数，用代词that。 2．The apples on the trees are bigger than in the basket. 【答案】those 【详解】考查代词用法。句意：树上的苹果比篮子里的（苹果）更大。分析句子结构可知，这是一个比较句，比较对象是树上的苹果和篮子里的苹果，为了避免重复，需用代词those指代前文的复数名词the apples。故填those。 3．Additionally, there is no thing as a stupid question, or a leading question. 【答案】such 【详解】考查代词。句意：此外，没有像愚蠢的问题或诱导性问题这样的事情。空格处需要填入一个词来修饰thing，表示“这样的”或“这种的”意思。“there is no such thing as...”是一个固定短语，意思是“没有……这样的事情”，such作为形容词，修饰thing，强调某种特定的事物或概念。故选such。 4．However, the history of Chinese furniture is even longer than of its writing, which can be traced back to the Hemudu Culture more than 7,000 years ago. 【答案】that 【详解】考查代词。句意：然而，中国家具的历史甚至比中国文字的历史还要悠久，中国家具的历史可以追溯到7,000多年前的河姆渡文化。根据语意可知，此处是将“the history of Chinese furniture (中国家具的历史)”和“the history of its writing (其书写历史)”进行比较，为了避免重复，使用代词“that”来指代前面提到的不可数名词“history”，在比较结构中作“than”的宾语。故填that。 5．At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in this magazine. 【答案】those/the ones 【详解】考查代词。句意：我们工厂有几台机器与这本杂志上描述的类似。空格处需要填入代词作宾语，此处表示的是“杂志描述的机器当中的”，所以用those指代那些，或者用the ones。故填those或者the ones。 6．The classes in the UK are different from in China. 【答案】those 【详解】考查代词。句意：英国的课程和中国的不一样。此处特指前面讲到过的事物classes ，应用those。故填those。 一、单项选择 1．Released by an international research institute, the happiness index in Nordic nations proves far higher than ________ in most industrialized economies across the globe. A．that B．it C．one D．those 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一家国际研究机构发布的北欧国家幸福指数被证实远高于全球大多数工业化经济体的幸福指数。此处需要一个代词来替代前面出现的特指名词the happiness index，以避免重复，that常用于替代前面提到的特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词。 2．The views from the top of the newly built tower are far more breathtaking than ________ from the old one. A．that B．one C．those D．ones 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新建塔楼顶部的景色比旧塔楼顶部的景色要令人惊叹得多。题干中对比的是“新建塔楼顶部的景色”和“旧塔楼顶部的景色”，故空处特指前文的同类事物“The views”，应用those来指代，that指代单数可数名词/不可数名词，one指代泛指的单数可数名词，ones指代泛指的复数可数名词，此处需要指代特指的“旧塔的景色”，故排除。 3．The educational resources provided for urban students are far more abundant than _________ offered to rural areas in some underdeveloped provinces. A．one B．that C．those D．ones 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词。句意：在一些欠发达省份，为城市学生提供的教育资源比为农村地区提供的教育资源丰富得多。结合语意可知，此处是将城市学生得到的教育资源和农村学生得到的教育资源进行比较，为避免重复，用代词来指代前文出现过的同类事物，resources为复数名词，所以用those来指代the educational resources。故选C项。 4．Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ________ didn’t help. A．it B．she C．which D．he 【答案】A 【详解】考查代词。句意：汤姆妈妈总跟他说要更努力，但这没用。分析句子可知，空格需要代词指代前一整句话内容（妈妈一直劝他努力），这种情况用代词it。B选项she：只指人，不能指代整件事；C选项which：引导定语从句，前面不能有but；D选项he：指代Tom，语义不通。故选A项。 5．The sense of achievement gained from long-term devotion is much stronger than ________ from instant fulfillment. A．one B．that C．those D．it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：从长期投入中获得的成就感比从即时满足中获得的成就感要强烈得多。句中空格处需要填入一个代词来替代前面出现的不可数名词the sense of achievement，且其后有介词短语from instant fulfillment作后置定语，表示特指。在英语中，that常用来替代前面提到过的特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词，以避免重复。 6．— Can I help you? — I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, ________ at a proper price, but of great value. A．the one B．that C．one D．it 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——需要帮忙吗？——我想为我父亲的生日买件礼物，一件价格合适但很有价值的礼物。A. the one特指那个；B. that那个；C. one一个；D. it它。空格处的词作前文a present的同位语，指代单数可数名词，表示泛指，用one。 7．Among all the obstacles the research team is confronted with, ________ arising from limited funding is of top priority and calls for immediate solutions. A．that B．none C．some D．one 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在研究团队面临的所有障碍中，由资金有限引起的那个（障碍）是当务之急，需要立即解决。此处考查代词的用法。that可用来指代前面提到过的同类事物中的特指单数可数名词或不可数名词，相当于the+单数/不可数名词，其后常跟介词短语、分词短语或定语从句作后置定语。句中that指代the obstacle，特指由资金有限引起的那个障碍，而one表示泛指（相当于a/an+单数名词），不符合此处特指的语境。 8．________ didn’t occur to him that the way ________ he worked out the physics problem was much simpler than what the teacher had taught. A．It; / B．It; which C．That; in which D．That; that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他没有想到，他解出这道物理题的方法比老师教的简单得多。第一空考查固定句型“It occurred to sb. that...”，意为“某人突然想到……”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句；第二空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the way，在定语从句中作方式状语，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。 9．The modern high-tech films provide impressive scenes far beyond ________ offered by the ordinary films. A．that B．what C．which D．those 【答案】D 【详解】句意：现代高科技电影提供了远远超越普通电影所提供的令人印象深刻的场景。句中空处需要一个代词作介词beyond的宾语，并由后面的过去分词短语offered by the ordinary films作后置定语修饰。该代词用于指代前文出现的复数名词scenes，以避免重复。在英语中，常使用those来替代前面提到过的复数名词。 10．All the changes will lead to a better Peking University, ________ that can surprise and inspire all the alumni. A．the one B．one C．it D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：所有的改变都将造就一个更好的北京大学，一个能让所有校友感到惊喜和振奋的北京大学。空格处填入的代词作前面“a better Peking University”的同位语。因为“a better Peking University”是泛指，故需用泛指代词one来指代，表示“一个……的大学”，其后带有that引导的定语从句进行修饰。the one表特指；it指代上文提到的同一事物；that常用于特指同类事物。 11．Mandy, we can’t do everything for you. You have to depend on ________ now. A．you B．your C．yourself D．yourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：曼迪，我们不能事事都替你做。你现在必须依靠自己。此处为固定短语depend on oneself“依靠自己”。句子主语是you，指代单数Mandy，对应的反身代词是 yourself。 12．—Wow, Mr Wu can play the piano very well. —Yes. He enjoys teaching ________ to play the piano at the weekend. A．himself B．myself C．ourselves D．herself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——哇，吴老师钢琴弹得真好。——是的。他喜欢在周末自学弹钢琴。himself他自己；myself我自己；ourselves我们自己；herself她自己。根据He结合上文“吴老师钢琴弹得很好”可知，此处应表示吴老师自学弹钢琴，即“教他自己”，主语He对应的反身代词为himself。 13．Only Tom was selected for the national team, while ________ remained in the club. A．other B．another C．others D．the others 【答案】D 【详解】句意：只有汤姆被选入了国家队，而其他人都留在了俱乐部。the others其余所有人/物，特指某个范围内剩下的全部。根据前文“Only Tom was selected”可知，除了汤姆之外，俱乐部里剩下的所有人（特指范围内其余的全部）都留了下来，应用the others。other其他的，后接名词；another另一个，泛指三者或以上中的另一个；others其他人/物，泛指，不接名词。 14．We find ________ interesting to visit Harbin in winter. A．that B．this C．it D．one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们发现冬天去哈尔滨旅游很有趣。句子真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to visit Harbin in winter”，空格处用it作形式宾语，构成“find it + adj. + to do sth.”的固定句型。 15．We should believe in ________ because that’s the secret of success. A．our B．us C．ours D．ourselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该相信我们自己，因为那是成功的秘诀。our我们的，形容词性物主代词；us我们，人称代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词；ourselves我们自己，反身代词。根据“We should believe in...because that’s the secret of success.”可知，此处指“我们”相信“我们自己”就会成功，believe in oneself“相信自己”符合语境。 16．The twins have different hobbies, but ________ of them enjoy reading in their free time. A．all B．both C．neither D．none 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎有不同的爱好，但他们俩都喜欢在空闲时间阅读。A. all三者以上都；B. both两者都；C. neither两者都不；D. none三者以上都不。主语为the twins（双胞胎，两个人）。but表示转折，前半句说爱好不同，后半句用but转折说明共同点，此处表示两者都。 17．Don’t lose heart. ________ is impossible if you keep trying your best. A．Everything B．Something C．Anything D．Nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不要灰心。如果你一直尽最大努力，没有什么是不可能的。A. Everything一切；B. Something某件事；C. Anything任何事；D. Nothing没有什么。根据句意，“不要灰心”暗示后文应表达积极含义。Nothing is impossible是固定表达，意为“没有什么是不可能的”，即“一切皆有可能”。 18．He made a discovery, ______ of great importance to the whole field of science, ______ puzzled all leading experts. A．which; that B．one; which C．what; / D．it; which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他有了一项发现，一项对整个科学界非常重要的发现，这项发现使所有顶尖专家感到困惑。第一空填代词one，作a discovery的同位语，指代“一项发现”，其后的介词短语“of great importance to the whole field of science”作后置定语修饰one；第二空填which，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a discovery（或one），在从句中作主语。 19．______ is reported in the newspaper ______ more and more people are taking up online shopping. A．That; that B．It; that C．This; what D．It; what 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：报纸上报道，越来越多的人开始进行网上购物。此处是固定句型It be+过去分词+that...，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，that引导的主语从句成分完整，仅起连接作用，无实际意义。故选B项。 20．Never should we forget the war and sufferings ________ caused to the people. A．it B．one C．which D．that 【答案】A 【详解】考查代词。句意：永远不要忘记战争和战争给人们带来的痛苦。A. it它（代物）；B. one一个；C. which代物，引导定语从句；D. that引导定语从句，代人或物。设空处及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为sufferings，关系词作定语从句cause的宾语，指代物用which或者that关系词可以省略。空白处为定语从句的主语，指代war，所以此处用代词it。故选A。 二、单句语法填空 1．It happened he met his old classmate on the street yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：昨天他在街上碰巧遇见了他的老同学。固定句型It happened that…意为“碰巧……”，It作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。 2．I find helpful to complete the most important task first every day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】it 【详解】句意：我发现每天先完成最重要的任务是有帮助的。此处用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式to complete。 3．This overlapping nature leaves openings in the front and back of the skirt, making very suitable for horse‑riding. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】it 【详解】句意：这种交叠的样式在裙子前后留有开口，使得它非常适合骑马。此处代词it指代前面的skirt，作making的宾语。 4．Whoever breaks the rule will be punished, and is agreed by every member. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】this 【详解】句意：无论谁违反规定都将受到惩罚，这一点得到全体成员的认同。and连接并列句，空格处指代前面整件事情，在后面分句中作主语，所以此处为代词this。 5．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】each 【详解】句意：确保你和朋友沟通过，关于你们各自希望被联系的频率，以及哪种方式对你们俩都最合适。空格作主语，此处表示“你们两人中的每一个”，应用不定代词each，each of you意为“你们中的每一个”，强调个体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 6．This platform is not only reserved for professional cooks, but also for willing to discover new experiences. 【答案】those 【详解】句意：这个平台不仅为专业厨师保留，也为那些愿意发现新体验的人保留。根据前文professional cooks和not only...but also...并列结构可知，空处指人，结合空后willing to discover new experiences可知这里表示那些愿意发现新体验的人，用指示代词those，后面的形容词短语作后置定语，补充说明这类群体。 7．In England, the greatest achievements of the Romantic movement lay in poetry, especially of William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】those 【详解】句意：在英国，浪漫主义运动最伟大的成就体现在诗歌方面，尤其是William Wordsworth、Samuel Taylor Coleridge、George Gordon Byron和Percy Bysshe Shelley的那些（成就）。本空指代前文复数名词achievements，用those。 8．The little girl amused (she) by drawing simple pictures on paper. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：小女孩通过在纸上画简单的图画来自娱自乐。提示词she作宾语，与主语The little girl是同一人，用反身代词形式herself，意为“她自己”。 9．As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out old . (用适当的词填空) 【答案】ones 【详解】句意：然而，随着我们积累的设备越来越多，我们并没有扔掉旧的。此处作throw out的宾语，指代上文提到的那类devices，用复数代词ones，表泛指。 10．The natural environment of my home town is quite different from of Russia. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我家乡的自然环境与俄罗斯的自然环境相当不同。比较对象是“自然环境”，为不可数名词，用that指代前文提到的the natural environment，避免重复。 11．When a dog attacked me, I picked up a stick to defend (I) . (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】myself 【详解】句意：当一只狗袭击我的时候，我捡起一根棍子来保护我自己。空处作宾语，主语和宾语一致，需用反身代词作宾语，主语I对应的反身代词为myself。 12．Mike is a taxi driver, and this is (he) car. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】his 【详解】句意：迈克是一名出租车司机，这是他的车。 空格后有名词car，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，人称代词he对应的形容词性物主代词是his。 13．One of (they) is bike riding, or biking. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】them 【详解】句意：其中之一是骑自行车。介词of后需加宾格形式，they是人称代词主格，them是人称代词宾格。 14．My favorite teacher is Mr. Zhao. In (he) first class, he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】his 【详解】句意：我最喜欢的老师是赵老师。在他的第一节课上，他让我们画一幅自画像。He“他（主格）”，此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词“first class”，表示“他的第一节课”，he的形容词性物主代词是his。 15．We should learn to rely on (we) instead of always depending on others in daily life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：日常生活中我们要学会依靠自己，而非一味依赖他人。rely on oneself为固定用法，意为“依靠自己”，主语为we，对应反身代词ourselves。 一、阅读理解 A Our school is going to add different kinds of labour courses (劳动课程). The courses which will start from next Wednesday can help you get some practical skills. Enjoying a Good Meal Do you want to be a good cook? If you are interested in cooking, here is a chance. You needn’t bring any materials to the classroom. The only condition is that you should be free from 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. every Thursday. Becoming a Master in Cleaning You must have experienced such a situation: you want to do the housework but you find it tiring and hard. Every Wednesday, a two-hour course will totally change it. You will learn some valuable ways that help you do the cleaning. Miss Rome, a master in cleaning, waits for you at 3:00 p.m. Planting Your Hope This course is special because teachers show you skills out of classrooms. Students will plant flowers, vegetables and some trees with teachers’ help. If the weather allows, you can take the course every day between 4:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. from September 20 to October 31. Experiencing Farm Life Have you ever dreamed of feeding animals or picking fresh fruit on the farm? This course can make your dream come true. You will take the course from 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. every Friday this term. Click here to visit our school’s website to know more about the labour courses. 1．What do you have to do if you want to learn to be a cook? A．Bring some cooking materials. B．Have classes out of classrooms. C．Have some experience in cooking. D．Be free from 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Thursday. 2．What may it bring to you if you learn from Miss Rome? A．Finding cleaning not difficult. B．Spending more time cleaning. C．Getting a job as a room cleaner. D．Becoming interested in cleaning. 3．How often does the course “Experiencing Farm Life” take place? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Once a month. D．Once a term. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 【导语】文章主要介绍学校即将开设多种劳动课程，分别介绍了美食制作、清洁技能、植物种植以及农场生活体验四门课程的相关信息。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据原文Enjoying a Good Meal部分“The only condition is that you should be free from 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. every Thursday.(唯一的条件是你每周四下午四点到五点有空。)”，可知想要学习烹饪需要在周四下午四点到五点有空。 2．细节理解题。根据原文Becoming a Master in Cleaning部分“You must have experienced such a situation: you want to do the housework but you find it tiring and hard. Every Wednesday, a two-hour course will totally change it.(你一定经历过这样的情况：你想做家务，却发现又累又难。每周三，一节两小时的课程将彻底改变这一点。)”以及“You will learn some valuable ways that help you do the cleaning.(你将会学到一些实用的方法来帮助你打扫卫生。)”可知，跟着Rome老师学习之后，你会发现打扫卫生不再困难。 3．细节理解题。根据原文Experiencing Farm Life部分“You will take the course from 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. every Friday this term.(本学期你可以每周五下午两点到六点上这门课。)”可知，“体验农场生活”这门课程一周开设一次。 B Throughout my early years of playing sports, I was always the shortest one on the team. People often thought that because I was short, I would never achieve anything in sports. Back then, I was often called “Shorty” or “Shrimp”, which really upset me, and I would often go home feeling low. Yet, my parents always said, “It’s okay. You are still our ‘Little Giant (巨人).’” Basketball was my favorite sport because it brought me great excitement every time I played. When I was in primary school, only three sixth-grade students made the school basketball team, and I was one of them. That made me really proud of myself. Even though everyone kept saying I was too short to play basketball well, my parents always called me “the secret weapon”. They knew I was the highest jumper on the team even though I was short. In eighth grade, I became the starting point guard and the team’s main three-point player for the whole season. I helped our team set a record of 13 wins out of 15 games. That year we finally became the champion of the final game. Last year, I started playing volleyball. At first, I thought my height would be a big problem for me. But to my surprise, I turned out to be the highest jumper on the team again. At the end of the season, I won the title of “the Most Valuable Player (MVP)” of the team. After getting the honor, I told my parents, “You see, being short doesn’t stop me from playing well. I know I can make it.” My parents were really proud and said once again, “We told you — height never matters.” No matter how short you are, your height can never decide how well you play sports. This is what I strongly believe. 4．Why did the author feel sad in his early sports years? A．He was made fun of for his short height. B．He could not keep up with his teammates. C．He had difficulty in learning sports skills. D．He seldom received support from his coach. 5．What do we know about the author’s basketball experience? A．He took great pride in his family. B．He stood out as the highest jumper. C．He failed to make the team in sixth-grade. D．He had little talent in playing basketball. 6．How did the author feel after winning the MVP title? A．Confident B．Uncertain. C．Courageous. D．Uninterested. 7．What message does the author want to convey? A．Others’ comments should never affect one. B．A physical disadvantage cannot limit one. C．Parents’ encouragement is the secret to success. D．One should stay modest when achieving success. 【答案】4．A 5．B 6．A 7．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者虽然个子矮，但通过自己的努力在篮球和排球运动中取得优异成绩的经历，说明身高并不能决定运动表现。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Back then, I was often called ‘Shorty’ or ‘Shrimp’, which really upset me, and I would often go home feeling low. (那时，我经常被叫作‘矮子’或‘小虾米’，这让我非常难过，我经常心情低落地回家。)”可知，作者早年因为身高较矮而遭到他人的嘲笑和起外号，这让他感到伤心。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“They knew I was the highest jumper on the team even though I was short. (他们知道尽管我很矮，但我却是队里跳得最高的。)”可知，在打篮球的经历中，作者作为队里跳得最高的人脱颖而出。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“After getting the honor, I told my parents, ‘You see, being short doesn’t stop me from playing well. I know I can make it.’ (获得荣誉后，我告诉父母：‘你们看，个子矮并没有阻止我打好球。我知道我能做到。’)”可以看出，作者用实际行动证明了自己，内心充满了自信。 7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“No matter how short you are, your height can never decide how well you play sports. This is what I strongly believe. (无论你有多矮，你的身高永远不能决定你在体育运动中的表现。这是我坚信的。)”结合全文作者克服身高劣势在篮球和排球上取得成功的经历可知，作者想传达的信息是：身体上的劣势并不能限制一个人的发展和成就。 C Sugar-free cookies, sugar-free candy, and diet soda — are these better for you? After sugar became a no-no in the nutrition and wellness world, sugar-free food and drinks acted as a replacement for sweet drinks and snacks. Being claimed to be ZERO sugar means the food and drinks are healthier, better for diabetes (糖尿病), and help you slim down... Right? Wrong. Sugar-free products aren’t better for you. In fact, they are worse. For most sugar-free products, it means that artificial sweeteners (人造甜味剂) are used instead of real sugar. The problem is that these sweeteners do not come from natural sources and they can do you more harm than good. Let’s get into what these artificial sweeteners actually are. Sugar-free sugar sounds wrong because there is no such thing as sugar-free sugar. Most artificial sweeteners are a lot sweeter than sugar so only a small quantity of them are needed. That’s why they can market sugar-free alternatives as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie”. When you eat sweet stuff, your body continues to desire it and, even though your body cannot metabolize (代谢) these sugar-free alternatives, your brain does not know the difference. In turn, sugar-free alternatives relate to weight gain and Type-2 diabetes. Besides, artificial sweeteners also damage your gut’s ability to break down sugar which impacts everything you eat. In other words, your body doesn’t know how to handle artificial sweeteners because they have nothing real to process. Here is a good rule of thumb: stay away from artificial sweeteners and look for non-sugar, natural sweeteners. Satisfy your sweet tooth with natural sugar that comes from fruits and stay away from products claimed to be sugar-free. 8．What do most sugar-free products have in common? A．They don’t taste sweet. B．They are free of calories. C．They are rich in nutrition. D．They have artificial sweeteners. 9．What can be inferred about artificial sweeteners? A．They are as sweet as sugar. B．They do harm to health. C．They can be metabolism easily. D．They have long been added to food. 10．What does the author advise us to do? A．To keep a balanced diet. B．To stay away from sugary products. C．To choose artificial sweeteners. D．To take in sugar from natural sources. 11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Why are sugar-free products bad for your health? B．How will sugar-free products affect your body? C．What can be called sugar-free products? D．Why are sugar-free products popular? 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．D 11．A 【导语】文章介绍了市面上的无糖食品大多含人造甜味剂，分析人造甜味剂对人体的多种危害，并建议人们选择水果中的天然糖分，避开无糖产品。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For most sugar-free products, it means that artificial sweeteners are used instead of real sugar. (对于大多数无糖产品来说，这意味着使用了人造甜味剂来代替真正的糖。)”可知，大多数无糖产品的共同点是都含有人造甜味剂。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段末尾的“The problem is that these sweeteners do not come from natural sources and they can do you more harm than good. (问题在于，这些甜味剂并非天然来源，它们对你的弊大于利。)”以及第三段中的“In turn, sugar-free alternatives relate to weight gain and Type-2 diabetes. Besides, artificial sweeteners also damage your gut’s ability to break down sugar which impacts everything you eat. (相应地，无糖替代品会造成体重增加、诱发2型糖尿病。此外，人造甜味剂还会损害肠道分解糖分的能力，进而影响你吃下的所有食物。)”可推断，人造甜味剂对人体健康是有害的。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Satisfy your sweet tooth with natural sugar that comes from fruits and stay away from products claimed to be sugar-free. (用水果中的天然糖分满足你对甜食的渴望，避开那些宣称无糖的产品。)”可知，作者建议我们从水果等天然来源中摄取糖分。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Sugar-free products aren’t better for you. In fact, they are worse. For most sugar-free products, it means that artificial sweeteners are used instead of real sugar. The problem is that these sweeteners do not come from natural sources and they can do you more harm than good. (无糖产品并不会对你更有益。实际上，它们危害更大。对于大多数无糖产品来说，这意味着使用了人造甜味剂来代替真正的糖。问题在于，这些甜味剂并非天然来源，它们对你的弊大于利。)”并结合全文可知，文章第一段开篇点题，指出“无糖产品对健康不仅无益反而有害”，随后在第二、三段详细剖析了无糖产品（即人造甜味剂）对身体造成危害的具体原因，最后一段总结并给出远离无糖产品的建议。全文围绕“无糖产品为何对健康有害”展开论述，因此选项A“Why are sugar-free products bad for your health? (为什么无糖产品对你的健康有害？)”最适合作为文章标题。 D Starting high school is an exciting time, but it can also feel a little scary. Here are some tips to help you enjoy your new school life. You may feel nervous on your first day. 12 . Remember, most of your classmates feel the same way. Say hello to the people around you, and you may soon make new friends. High school has more subjects and more homework than before. 13 . If you make a simple plan every day or every week, you will feel less worried and can finish your work on time. 14 . Clubs and sports teams are a great way to meet people who share your interests. You can also learn new skills and have fun at the same time. You do not have to do everything alone. 15 . If you do not understand something, ask your teacher after class. Teachers are always happy to help students who want to learn. 16 . Eat healthy food, do some exercise and get enough sleep. A healthy body helps you study better and feel happier. With these tips, I am sure you will have a wonderful time in high school! A．But do not worry too much. B．So good time management is important. C．It is a good idea to join a club. D．Do not be afraid to ask for help. E．Take care of your health, too. F．You should study day and night. G．Watching TV is bad for your eyes. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 16．E 【导语】本文给出几条建议，帮助刚升入高中的学生适应新生活：不必过度紧张、做好时间管理、参加社团、主动求助、关注自身健康。 【详解】12．由上文“You may feel nervous on your first day.(开学第一天你可能会感到紧张。)”以及下文 “Remember, most of your classmates feel the same way.(记住，你的大多数同学也有同样的感受。)”可知，空格处用来安抚情绪。A项“But do not worry too much.(但是不要太过担心。)”符合语境，承接上文紧张的心情，引出下文安慰话语，起到承上启下作用。 13．由上文“High school has more subjects and more homework than before.(高中的科目和作业比以前更多。)”以及下文 “If you make a simple plan every day or every week, you will feel less worried and can finish your work on time.(如果你每天或每周制定简单计划，焦虑感会减轻，还能按时完成任务。)”可知，作业多因此需要做好时间规划。B项“So good time management is important.(所以良好的时间管理很重要。)”符合语境，So体现因果逻辑，总领下文制定计划的做法。 14．由下文“Clubs and sports teams are a great way to meet people who share your interests.(社团和运动队是结识志同道合之人的好途径。)”可知，本段围绕参加社团展开，空格为本段主题句。C项 “It is a good idea to join a club.(参加社团是个好主意。)”符合语境，总领下文，引出社团带来的好处。 15．由上文“You do not have to do everything alone.(你不必独自完成所有事情。)”以及下文 “If you do not understand something, ask your teacher after class.(有不懂的地方，课后向老师请教。)”可知，空格处建议主动寻求帮助。D项“Do not be afraid to ask for help.(不要害怕寻求帮助。)”符合语境，承接上文，引出下文向老师提问的例子。 16．由下文“Eat healthy food, do some exercise and get enough sleep. A healthy body helps you study better and feel happier.(健康饮食、坚持锻炼、保证睡眠。健康的身体有助于更好地学习，心情更愉悦。)”可知，本段围绕健康展开，空格是本段主题句。E项“Take care of your health, too.(也要照顾好你的健康。)”符合语境，总领下文关于健康生活的内容。 二、完形填空 One afternoon, as I was discussing life’s deeper questions with my students, a thoughtful boy named Jack raised his hand. “Why do so many people feel anxious?” he asked. Sensing their 17 , I decided to show them the answers through experience rather than 18 explain. “Follow me.” I said, leading them toward the nearby 19 . Whispers filled the air. “Why are we going there?” Emma murmured. “Are there wild animals?” Liam added nervously. A voice 20 , “Are we even going to survive this?” I stayed 21 , walking calmly ahead. The students trailed behind me, their minds racing with 22 . Some were terrified over imaginary lions; others 23 snakes. With every step, their anxiety 24 yet I said nothing. After forty minutes, we stopped at the forest’s edge. Turning to them, I smiled. “Don’t worry — we won’t be entering. But tell me, what did you notice on our journey here?” The students 25 . “You were so caught up in 26 of the unknown,” I continued, “that you 27 the birds singing, the sunlight filtering through the leaves and the 28 round you.” Jack’s eyes lit up with realization. “So…we worry so much about the future that we 29 to live now?” “Exactly,” I replied. “Life is like a journey. If we let fear take over, we’ll overlook its wonders.” The students nodded, their faces brightening. As we walked back, they laughed, 30 noticing the wonders they’d overlooked before. The lesson was simple but profound: Live in the moment. Don’t let fear 31 today’s gifts. 17．A．sadness B．regret C．pride D．curiosity 18．A．simply B．nearly C．hardly D．mostly 19．A．farm B．forest C．village D．mountain 20．A．shook B．screamed C．burst D．demanded 21．A．excited B．guarded C．calm D．terrified 22．A．plans B．guesses C．decisions D．solutions 23．A．sensed B．spotted C．pictured D．reminded 24．A．grew B．dropped C．appeared D．improved 25．A．stayed calm B．fell silent C．turned pale D．went mad 26．A．joy B．fear C．anger D．hope 27．A．enjoyed B．missed C．avoided D．desired 28．A．beauty B．silence C．warmth D．treasure 29．A．refuse B．pretend C．forget D．remember 30．A．mainly B．totally C．possibly D．finally 31．A．require B．present C．exchange D．steal 【答案】 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．B 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D 31．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了老师通过带学生走向森林边缘的体验活动，让学生明白不要因恐惧未知而错过当下美好的故事。 【详解】17．考查名词。句意：感觉到他们的好奇心，我决定通过体验而不是简单地解释来向他们展示答案。A. sadness悲伤；B. regret后悔；C. pride骄傲；D. curiosity好奇心。根据前文Jack提问“Why do so many people feel anxious?”可知，学生提出“为什么很多人焦虑”的问题，内心充满对答案的好奇。 18．考查副词。句意：同上。A. simply仅仅，简单地；B. nearly几乎；C. hardly几乎不；D. mostly主要地。根据前文“through experience rather than”可知，老师选择通过体验而非仅仅用语言解释。 19．考查名词。句意：“跟我来。”我说，领着他们走向附近的森林。A. farm农场；B. forest森林；C. village村庄；D. mountain山。根据第三段的“After forty minutes, we stopped at the forest’s edge.”可知，目的地是森林边缘。 20．考查动词。句意：一个声音颤抖道：“我们还能活下来吗？”A. shook颤抖；B. screamed尖叫；C. burst爆发；D. demanded要求。根据空后“Are we even going to survive this?”以及语境可知，学生满脑子都是未知的恐惧，所以说声音是颤抖的。 21．考查形容词。句意：我保持冷静，平静地向前走。A. excited兴奋的；B. guarded警惕的；C. calm冷静的；D. terrified害怕的。根据后文“walking calmly ahead”可知，老师保持冷静。 22．考查名词。句意：学生们跟在我身后，脑子里飞速转着各种猜测。A. plans计划；B. guesses猜测；C. decisions决定；D. solutions解决方案。根据后文“Some were terrified over imaginary lions”可知，学生们在胡乱猜测。 23．考查动词。句意：有些人害怕想象中的狮子；其他人想象着蛇。A. sensed感觉到；B. spotted发现；C. pictured想象；D. reminded提醒。根据前文“imaginary lions”可知，这些都是想象出来的，picture此处作动词，意为“想象”。 24．考查动词。句意：每走一步，他们的焦虑就增加，但我什么也没说。A. grew增长；B. dropped下降；C. appeared出现；D. improved改善。根据前文“Some were terrified over imaginary lions; others  ________  snakes.”可知，学生不断想象危险，说明焦虑在加剧。 25．考查动词短语。句意：学生们安静下来。A. stayed calm保持冷静；B. fell silent安静下来；C. turned pale脸色苍白；D. went mad发疯。根据前文“Turning to them, I smiled. “Don’t worry—we won’t be entering. But tell me, what did you notice on our journey here?””可知，老师提问后，学生停止了窃窃私语，陷入沉默。 26．考查名词。句意：“你们太沉浸在了对未知的恐惧中，”我继续说，“以至于你们错过了鸟儿歌唱、阳光透过树叶和周围的美景。”A. joy快乐；B. fear恐惧；C. anger愤怒；D. hope希望。根据前文学生害怕狮子、蛇等可知，他们被对未知的恐惧困住。 27．考查动词。句意：同上。A. enjoyed享受；B. missed错过；C. avoided避免；D. desired渴望。根据第二段的“With every step, their anxiety  ________  yet I said nothing.”可知，学生们只顾害怕，没有注意到周围美好事物，说明他们错过了这些。 28．考查名词。句意：同上。A. beauty美丽；B. silence寂静；C. warmth温暖；D. treasure宝藏。根据前文“birds singing, the sunlight filtering through the leaves”可知，这些都是周围的美景。 29．考查动词。句意：所以……我们如此担忧未来，以至于忘记了活在当下？A. refuse拒绝；B. pretend假装；C. forget忘记；D. remember记得。根据最后一段“Live in the moment.”可知，文章主旨是“活在当下”，所以过度担忧未来会让人忘记享受现在。 30．考查副词。句意：回程时，他们笑着，终于注意到了之前忽略的奇观。A. mainly主要地；B. totally完全地；C. possibly可能地；D. finally终于。经过老师的点拨，他们最终意识到了身边的美好。 31．考查动词。句意：别让恐惧偷走今天的礼物。A. require要求；B. present呈现；C. exchange交换；D. steal偷走。根据比喻手法，恐惧会让人错过当下的美好，如同偷走了礼物。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Lijiang, a thousand-year-old craft is finding new life in travelers’ suitcases. Dongba paper, once used for recording Naxi ancient texts, has become 32 popular souvenir for visitors worldwide. It is made from the bark (树皮)of a special plant, 33 grows high in the surrounding mountains. The paper 34 (produce) through several steps: soaking, pounding, spreading on bamboo screens and sun-drying. For hundreds of years, Dongba paper 35 (use) by Naxi religious workers to write old religious books. Unlike industrial paper, each sheet keeps 36 (it) natural plant fibers. It has its own uniqueness, 37 (preserve) visible plant fibers and natural textures (质地). No two are alike. This traditional paper is 38 (real) strong. It can last hundreds of years. Now many tourists are drawn to it. Postcards showing Dongba words Dongba languages and local scenery are popular. Visitors often write 39 (blessing) on them and send them home. Notebooks with raw edges and leather covers serve as travel journals, where people stick tickets and 40 (photo). 41 (see) such great beauty, more and more travellers want to take home a piece of Dongba paper. 【答案】 32．a 33．which 34．is produced 35．has been used 36．its 37．preserving 38．really 39．blessings 40．photos 41．Seeing 【导语】本文以东巴纸为线索，介绍丽江千年手工艺东巴纸的原料、制作工艺、特性，以及它如今作为特色纪念品受到游客喜爱的现状。 【详解】32．考查冠词。句意：东巴纸曾经用来记录纳西族古籍，如今已经成为世界各地游客喜爱的一款热门纪念品。souvenir是可数名词单数，表泛指，popular以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。 33．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：它由一种特殊植物的树皮制成，这种植物生长在周边高山之上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a special plant指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。 34．考查动词时态和被动语态。句意：这种纸张要经过多道工序制作：浸泡、捶打、摊在竹帘上、晒干。主语the paper和produce是被动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态is produced。 35．考查动词时态和被动语态。句意：数百年来，纳西族宗教人士一直使用东巴纸书写古老的宗教典籍。结合时间状语For hundreds of years和句意，用现在完成时表示动作一直持续到现在；Dongba paper和use为被动关系，用被动语态，单数主语，用has been used。 36．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：和工业纸张不同，每一张纸都保留着它自身天然的植物纤维。修饰名词natural plant fibers，使用形容词性物主代词its。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：它独具特色，保留着可见的植物纤维与天然纹理。preserve与逻辑主语It之间为主动关系，现在分词preserving作伴随状语。 38．考查副词。句意：这种传统纸张十分结实。修饰形容词strong，用副词really。 39．考查名词复数。句意：游客常在上面写下祝福寄回家。blessing表示多条祝福时为可数名词，此处用复数 blessings。 40．考查名词复数。句意：毛边皮面笔记本用作旅行手账，人们在上面粘贴票据和照片。and连接并列名词作宾语，tickets为复数，photo也用复数photos。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：看到如此动人的美，越来越多游客想把一片东巴纸带回家。see与逻辑主语travellers之间是主动关系，现在分词作原因状语，句首首字母大写。 四、书信写作 42．假定你是李华，你校英文报社正在就“AI生成式工具（如豆包、Kimi）”这一话题征文，上周五你们班也就该话题进行了激烈的讨论。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括： （1）介绍讨论的情况； （2）发表自己的看法。 参考词汇：AI生成式工具 AI-powered creation tools 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Last Friday, our class held a heated discussion about AI-powered creation tools such as Doubao and Kimi. Opinions are divided. Some students think these tools are helpful. They can quickly collect information and polish articles, saving us much time. However, others argue that over-reliance on AI will weaken our independent thinking and writing ability. We may even copy AI answers directly, which is dishonest. In my opinion, AI is a useful helper rather than a replacement. We can use it for ideas and reference, but we must finish our work on our own. Only in this way can we improve ourselves while making good use of new technology. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生就上周五班级以“AI生成式工具（如豆包、Kimi）”话题进行的激烈讨论写一篇英语短文投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 能力：ability → competence 过度依赖：over-reliance → excessive reliance 完成：finish → complete 好好利用：make good use of → take good advantage of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In my opinion, AI is a useful helper rather than a replacement. 拓展句：I hold the opinion that AI is a useful helper rather than a replacement. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We may even copy AI answers directly, which is dishonest.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】However, others argue that over-reliance on AI will weaken our independent thinking and writing ability.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $