学考专题05 形容词 & 副词：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题05形容词副词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 形容词与副词的原级比较级最高级 考点二 词性转换（名词动词—形容词；形容词—副词） 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 形容词副词是课标附录 3 中“不带星号”的基础词类——四个子项全部属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着形容词副词不存在“学考不考”的部分，全部是必修必会，复习重点是“用对”而不是“学会”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 形容词 形容词的基本形式 必修 熟练掌握作定语、表语、宾语补足语的功能与位置；能区分 -ing 与 -ed 两类形容词 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 形容词的比较级和最高级 必修 熟练掌握五条构成规则与不规则表；能依据 than / of the two / one of / in-of-among 等标志定级 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 副词 副词的基本形式 必修 熟练掌握副词的分类与位置（频度、程度、方式、enough 等），能准确充当各类状语 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 副词的比较级和最高级 必修 熟练掌握构成规则（含 -ly 变 -ily 一类）与常用句型 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 构词法 派生法（形容词化、副词化） 必修 掌握高频形容词后缀、形容词变副词的三步规则与特殊变化 熟练掌握 语法填空 ★ 易错提醒｜先看清：本专题的层级边界在哪里 课标附录 3“说明”栏的口径是：不带星号的项目是义务教育阶段学习过的项目，是高中必修课程应该熟练掌握的内容；带一个星号的为高中必修课程要求学习和掌握的项目；带两个星号的为选择性必修课程；带三个星号的为选修课程（提高类）。 形容词与副词的四个子项均不带星号，因此全部内容都是必修必会，本专题没有“学考不考”的部分——这与虚拟语气（选修提高类）完全不同。 -ing / -ed 形容词未在课标子项中单列，但属“形容词的基本形式”范畴，且自必修教材起即为常规内容，按必修要求掌握。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 考查维度 学考（全国卷·必修口径） 备考启示 题量与分值 语法填空 10 空约 15 分，形容词与副词占 1—2 空 占比不大但年年稳定，属于“必须全拿”的分 考查重心 比较等级的构成与句型；形容词与副词的词性转换 构成规则是送分题，词性转换是拉分题 设空位置 常嵌于长句与从句之中，一个空可能同时涉及时态、语态 不能只背规则，必须练“划分句子结构” 干扰项设计 形副混用、级判错、拼写错三类为主 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 ● 词性转换是最高频考法。近年语法填空中形容词与副词的设空以“形变副”与“名变形”为主，每年稳定出现 1—2 空，是最可靠的得分点，也是最可惜的失分点。 ● 比较等级构成是稳定送分题。双写、变 y 为 i、不规则表——规则明确、区分度低，必须零失误。 ● 隐含比较明显增多。不给 than 也不给范围，靠上下文语义定级（如“多睡一会儿”→ longer）。 ● 形副混用是主要失分点。-ing / -ed 形容词、同形异义、-ly 形容词三类，命题人反复设障。 ● 长句综合化。考点嵌在定语从句、状语从句之中，先断句、再分工、后定词是提速关键。 策略 具体做法 预期效果 先分工，再定词 拿到带提示词的空，先判断“该填形容词还是副词”：修饰名词或作表语 → 形容词；修饰动词、形容词或全句 → 副词 从源头避免形副混用 先定级，再变形 看到 than / of the two / one of / in-of-among / the…the… 先定级，再按构成规则变形 避免“变了形、定错级” 后缀与特殊表硬记 形容词后缀、形变副三步、六组不规则比较等级，限时默写并造句 词性转换零失误 2.1 形容词与副词的分工 形容词功能 例句 说明 副词功能 例句与说明 作定语 （前置为主） a beautiful girl, an important meeting 形容词最核心的句法功能 作状语（核心） He runs fast. She speaks clearly. 说明方式、程度、时间、地点 作表语 The flower smells wonderful. 置于系动词之后，说明主语特征 修饰形容词 / 副词 very good, quite well 程度副词置于被修饰词之前 作宾语补足语 I found the film moving. 补充说明宾语的状态或特征 修饰整个句子 Luckily, he passed the exam. 句子副词多置于句首，用逗号隔开 名词化与其他 the rich 富人；the old 老人 the ＋ 形容词表一类人 少数作表语 / 定语 He is out. / the students here 仅限 in、out、home、here、there 等 判断纪律：修饰名词或作表语 → 形容词；修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句 → 副词。 对比：He looks happy.（形容词作表语）｜He looks happily at the photo.（副词作状语） ★ 易错提醒｜look happy 与 look happily 不是一回事 look / smell / taste / feel / sound / seem / become / get / turn / grow / keep / stay / remain 等系动词之后必须用形容词：He looks happy. 但同一词也可以带宾语，此时是实义动词，须用副词：He looked happily at the photo. 判断方法：看它后面有没有宾语——有宾语就是实义动词用副词，无宾语就是系动词用形容词。 常见错写：把 lonely 当副词写成 lonelyly（错）——lonely 本身就是形容词，意为“孤独的”；alone 也是形容词，意为“独自的”，二者都没有副词形式。 这一条是“形副混用”最集中的来源：系动词后接副词是经典错误，务必逐句检查。 2.2 形容词的比较级和最高级 类型 / 原级 变化规则 / 比较级 例词 / 最高级 备注 一、规则变化（五条） 单音节词 直接加 -er / -est small → smaller → smallest 以不发音的 e 结尾 只加 -r / -st large → larger → largest 辅音结尾的重读闭音节 双写辅音字母，再加 -er / -est big → bigger → biggest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -er / -est easy → easier → easiest 多音节与部分双音节 词前加 more / most interesting → more interesting → most interesting 二、不规则变化（必须熟记） good / well better best — bad / badly / ill worse worst — many / much more most — little less least — far farther / further farthest / furthest farther 指距离，further 可指程度 old older / elder oldest / eldest elder / eldest 仅表家人长幼 ★ 三条特殊规则 ① 双音节两可：common、quiet、clever、narrow、tired 等既可用 -er / -est，也可用 more / most。 ② 无比较等级：right、wrong、perfect、excellent、favorite、wooden、final 等本身含极限义。 ③ 两个易错点：elder / eldest 仅表家人长幼；farther 指距离，further 可指程度（further 亦可表“进一步”）。 ★ 易错提醒｜构成规则的四个陷阱 陷阱一：双写有前提。 只有“辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节”才双写：hot → hotter（对）；slow → slower（不双写）。判断法：看是不是“辅音＋元音＋辅音”且重读落在最后一个音节。 陷阱二：y 变 i 有前提。“辅音字母＋y”才变：heavy → heavier；“元音字母＋y”不变：grey → greyer。 陷阱三：无比较等级的形容词。 right、wrong、perfect、excellent、favorite、wooden、final、first、last 等本身含极限义，不能加 -er，也不能加 more。 陷阱四：比较级不能重复修饰。 more better、very cheaper 都是错的——比较级前只能用 much / even / far 等，不能用 more 或 very。 2.3 副词的分类、位置与比较等级 （一）副词的六大类别 类别 常见词 例句 时间副词 now, then, soon, already, yet, still, lately I have already finished it. 地点副词 here, there, upstairs, abroad, home He has gone abroad. 方式副词 carefully, slowly, fast, well, hard She sings beautifully. 程度副词 very, quite, rather, too, so, much, enough The box is too heavy. 频度副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never He always gets up early. 句子副词 luckily, fortunately, generally, honestly Luckily, he passed the exam. （二）副词的位置规则（本专题最易错处） 副词类型 位置规则 例句 频度副词 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后；实义动词之前 He is always late. / He always gets up early. 程度副词 置于被修饰的形容词或副词之前 very good, quite well 方式副词 动词之后或宾语之后；宾语是代词时只能放在代词之后 He speaks English well. / He speaks it well. enough 修饰形容词或副词时后置；修饰名词时前置 good enough / enough time still be 动词、助动词之后；实义动词之前 He is still working. yet / already yet 多用于否定句与疑问句句末；already 多用于肯定句句中 I haven't finished yet. / I have already finished. 时间与地点副词 地点在前、时间在后，均置于句末 He was born in Beijing in 1990. ★ 易错提醒｜位置错就是语义错 频度副词连用时按频率高低排列：always → usually → often → sometimes → seldom → never。 only 要紧贴被修饰的成分：Only he can do it.（只有他能）｜He can only read.（他只会读）——only 换位置，句意就换。 方式副词不能插在动词与宾语之间：He cleaned the room carefully.（对）｜He cleaned carefully the room.（错）。 2.4 比较等级常用句型 原级　as…as 比较级　than 最高级　the…est as ＋ 原级 ＋ as 和……一样…… He is as tall as his father. 比较级 ＋ than 比……更…… He runs faster than I. the ＋ 最高级 ＋ in / of / among 最…… He is the tallest in our class. not as / so ＋ 原级 ＋ as 不如…… This book is not so good as that one. the ＋ 比较级 ＋ of the two 两者中较……的 Tom is the taller of the two. one of ＋ the ＋ 最高级 ＋ 复数 最……之一 The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders. as ＋ 原级 ＋ a / an ＋ n. ＋ as ……一样（的名） She is as clever a girl as Mary. 比较级 and 比较级 越来越…… The weather gets colder and colder. 比较级 ＋ than any other ＋ 单数 比任何一个都…… Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. as ＋ 原级 ＋ as one can 尽……所能 Please come as early as you can. the ＋ 比较级…, the ＋ 比较级… 越……就越…… The harder you study, the more you will learn. 否定词 ＋ 比较级 ＝最高级含义 Nothing is more valuable than health. 比较级的修饰语：much / even / far / a lot / rather / still / a little ＋ 比较级，表“……得多”；by far 修饰最高级或比较级 倍数与数量：A is three times as ＋ 原级 ＋ as B；A is three times ＋ 比较级 ＋ than B；no more than 仅仅；not more than 不超过 原级的修饰语：very / so / too / quite / rather ＋ 原级；such ＋ a / an ＋ 形容词 ＋ 名词；too much ＋ 不可数名词 修饰语分工：原级、比较级、最高级各有各的“搭档” 修饰对象 可用修饰语 例句 原级 very, so, too, quite, rather very good, too difficult 比较级 much, even, far, a lot, rather, still, a little, a bit, by far much cheaper, even better 最高级 (by) far, much, nearly, almost, the very by far the best, the very first 倍数表达与数量表达 表达 结构 例句 A 是 B 的 n 倍 A is n times as ＋ 原级 ＋ as B This room is three times as big as that one. A 是 B 的 n 倍（比较级） A is n times ＋ 比较级 ＋ than B This hall is three times bigger than ours. A 是 B 的 n 倍 A is n times the ＋ 名词 ＋ of B This room is three times the size of that one. 数量表达 no more than 仅仅；not more than 不超过；more than 超过 It costs no more than 10 yuan. ★ 易错提醒｜三个“标志词 → 形式”的硬规则 of the two 必须加 the：Tom is the taller of the two. 漏掉 the 是最常见的丢分。 one of 后接 the ＋ 最高级 ＋ 复数：one of the most important reasons——最高级前的 the 与后面的复数都不能省。 most 前无 the 时是“非常”：a most interesting film ＝ a very interesting film，此时 most 不是最高级，不加 the。 否定词 ＋ 比较级 ＝ 最高级含义：Nothing is more valuable than health. ＝ Health is the most valuable of all. 两种说法都对，别写重复。 2.5 易混词辨析三类 （一）-ing 形容词与 -ed 形容词 -ing（修饰物：令人……的） -ed（修饰人：感到……的） 例句对照 interesting interested an interesting book / I am interested in it exciting excited an exciting trip / We were excited surprising surprised surprising news / a surprised look disappointing disappointed a disappointing result / He felt disappointed convincing convinced convincing evidence / I am convinced of it puzzling puzzled a puzzling question / We were puzzled （二）同形异义的形容词与副词 形容词 副词 搭配例句 high 高的 highly 高度地 jump high / speak highly of deep 深的 deeply 深深地 dig deep / be deeply moved close 近的 closely 密切地 sit close / watch closely hard 努力的 hardly 几乎不 work hard / can hardly see most 最 mostly 主要地 the most beautiful / mostly students late 晚的 lately 最近 come late / Have you seen him lately? near 近的 nearly 几乎 stand near / nearly finished fair 公平的 fairly 相当 be fair / fairly good （三）-ly 形容词与形副同形 类型 例词 使用说明 -ly 结尾却是形容词 friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, likely, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, ugly, silly, costly, deadly, orderly 不能当副词用；说“友好地”要用 in a friendly way 形副同形 fast, hard, straight, high, deep, close, near, early, late, long, still, just, well 既是形容词又是副词；well 作形容词只表“身体好” ★ 易错提醒｜三条判断纪律 看到 -ly 别急着当副词——先查它是不是上面两类之一。 修饰人的情绪用 -ed，引起某种情绪的（事／物）用 -ing。 同形异义词的词义由搭配决定，必须连搭配一起记。 两个必须整句记的搭配：speak highly of（高度评价）、can hardly see（几乎看不见）。 2.6 词性转换与派生后缀 （一）名词／动词 → 形容词：十二个高频后缀 后缀 含义 例词 -ful 充满……的 helpful, careful, useful -less 无……的 careless, hopeless, homeless -ous 多……的 famous, dangerous, nervous -y 有……的 sunny, windy, cloudy, healthy -ly 有……性质的 friendly, lovely, lively -al 与……有关的 natural, cultural, traditional -ic 与……有关的 historic, scientific, basic -ive 有……倾向的 active, creative, attractive -able / -ible 可……的 comfortable, enjoyable, possible, terrible -ant / -ent ……的 important, different, confident -ish 略……的 childish, foolish, selfish -en 由……制的 wooden, golden, woollen （二）形容词 → 副词：三步规则与特殊变化 步骤 规则 例词 一般情况 直接加 -ly quick → quickly, slow → slowly 辅音字母＋y 结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -ly happy → happily, easy → easily 以 -le 结尾 去 e，加 -y possible → possibly, simple → simply 特殊一 去 e 加 -ly true → truly, whole → wholly, due → duly 特殊二 -ic 结尾加 -ally basic → basically, scientific → scientifically 特殊三（例外） public 直接加 -ly public → publicly （三）形容词 → 名词：三个后缀 后缀 例词 说明 -ness kindness, darkness, illness 最常用的形容词名词化后缀 -th warmth, truth, length 多由单音节形容词变化而来 -ce importance, difference 由 -ant / -ent 结尾的形容词变来 ★ 易错提醒｜秒判三信号与拼写纪律 秒判信号①：空格前是冠词、形容词、物主代词，或空格后是 of → 要填名词。 秒判信号②：空格修饰动词，或空格前是 very / so / too / much，或空格后是形容词 → 要填副词。 秒判信号③：空格作表语，或空格后有 than / in / of / among，或句中有 one of → 要填形容词（含比较等级）。 拼写纪律：变形之后单独回读一遍拼写。truly（不是 truely）、wholly（不是 wholely）、possibly（不是 possiblely）——因拼写丢分最可惜。 考点一： 形容词与副词的原级比较级最高级 例1. (2025年6月福建省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) Older apartments have guards at entrances, while 38 (new) apartments have facial recognition to open gates. 例2. （2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）“Fewer parts mean 41 (little) waste and carbon footprint.” Rochet pointed out that the smartphone industry is one of the most polluted industries (industry). 例3. (福建省普通高中2023-2024学年1月学业水平合格性考试英语试题) The earlier kids learn to be independent, the 40 (good) it is for their future. 1．Nothing is ________ valuable than the experience gained from farming practice. A．more B．most C．less D．least 2． you are, mistakes you’ll make. A．The more carefully; the fewer B．The more careful; the fewer C．The more careful; the less 3．As far as I’m concerned, the service in the hotel couldn’t have been ______. A．good B．better C．best D．well 4．At the school meeting, the headmaster suggests the teachers receive ________ education to catch up with the ________ development. A．farther; late B．farther; latest C．further; late D．further; latest 5．one is (hard-working) than him in this group. 6．Children who eat well are (likely) to get sick than those who don’t. 7．The yellow-eyed penguin today is considered one of the world’s (rare) species of penguin, with an estimated population of 7,000 that is now the focus of an extensive conservation effort in New Zealand. 8．The explorer found that the (narrow) point of the canyon was only two metres wide. 考点二：词性转换（名词动词—形容词；形容词—副词） 例1.( 2025年6月福建省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) They 36 (usual) change to avoid traffic, though. 例2. (2025年7月云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) A small bike is lying 36 (quiet) in our garden. 例3. (2025年7月云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) I could ride around the garden soon after my first try. It was 42 (wonder). 例4. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) At the age of three, she became 37 (interest) in making a paper flower. 1．She decided to live ________ after getting a new job. A．independent B．independently C．independence D．dependently 2．These books will be ________ helpful to those who wish to improve their English. A．eagerly B．particularly C．regularly D．honestly 3．Mr. Zhang is a hard-working teacher. He often works ________ into the night. A．late B．later C．lately D．latest 4．My parents are ________ to my going abroad, but I hold the ________ view. A．opposing; opposed B．opposing; opposing C．opposed; opposed D．opposed; opposing 5．During the winter, I like my house ________. A．warmly and comfortable B．warm and comfortable C．warm and comfortably D．warmly and comfortably 6．Excuse me, could you please show me where I can find some (freeze) dumplings? 7．Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite (impress). 8．Many teens find the perfect-looking images on social media (attract), yet they fail to realize they are unrealistic. 9．We should base our decisions on (science) research. 10．You should be (confidence) about your future. 11．The noise from the street made me feel (annoy). 12．Our teacher always encourages us to be (dependence) learners. 一、单项选择 1．It rained ________ than five minutes ago. We had to wait in the shopping mall. A．heavily B．more heavily C．the more heavily D．the most heavily 2．This morning, I was worried that no one would talk to me. But I was wrong. I didn’t feel awkward or ______ at all. A．frightening B．fright C．frightened D．frighten 3．It is ________ to make full preparations before starting a new project. A．challenge B．challenging C．challenged D．challenges 4．A good interview process should involve ________ screening of job applicants and effective questions that every applicant gets asked. A．fearful B．careful C．eventful D．awful 5．He felt a bit ________ when he studied ________ maths at college. A．discouraged; advancing B．discouraged; advanced C．discouraging; advancing D．discouraging; advancing 6．Within ten years, cars will be a lot _________in China. A．cheapest B．cheap C．cheaper D．the cheaper 7．Sam always pays close attention to details. He is the ________ of the two children in our family. A．more careful B．most careful C．more careless D．most careless 8．—Their car was hit by a truck on the way to the railway station. — ________, they missed the train. A．No surprisingly B．Not surprising C．No surprising D．Not surprisingly 9．The old man lives ________ in the countryside but he never feels lonely. A．lonely B．alone C．more lonely D．much alone 10．The little girl is singing ________ in the next room and we can hear her clearly. A．soft B．loud C．loudly D．aloud 11．The more you practice, the ________ you will speak English. A．good B．well C．better D．worse 12．My little sister is much ________ than me, but she eats more ________ than I do. A．short; healthy B．shorter; healthily C．shorter; healthy D．short; healthily 13．—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? —The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world. A．longer; long B．longest; long C．longest; longer D．longer; longest 14．The new library is ________ used by students because it provides modern learning tools. A．wide B．widely C．wider D．more widely 15．It is raining ______ outside, and the weather will get even ______ in the afternoon. A．hard; bad B．hardly; badly C．hard; worse D．hardly; better 二、单句语法填空 1．She is (determine) to become a doctor in the future. 2．We (rare) realize how small kindnesses can warm people around us in daily life. 3．This exercise can improve your focus and concentration, making it easier to stay (engage) in class. 4．The flood was one of the most (power) natural disasters in the area. 5．Compared with other forms of writing, it is easier to operate and takes (little) time. 6．He was (horrible) scared at the sight of the wolf, but it just looked at him gently. 7．Having studied in China for many years, he can speak Chinese (fluent), which makes an (impress) on us. 8．We should make the (much) of every day and live life to the fullest. 9．No other method has a (great) influence on crop output than this one. 10． (apparent), many teenagers are unaware that they spend too much time on short-video platforms. 11．He opened the letter (curious) and read it twice. 12．The more time he practiced speaking in front of a mirror, the (confidence) he became. 13．The Gettysburg Address is one of the (famous) speeches in American history. 14．She can speak English (fluent) after living in London for a year. 15．He is no (much) a writer than I am a painter. 一、阅读理解 A The best free festivals in Melbourne Don’t let an empty wallet stop you from enjoying Melbourne. These festivals and street parties offer free entry and tons of entertainment. Festival@Boyd Southbank 19 May — 17 November A community festival intended for all things green and sustainable is coming to Southbank. Join free workshops for all ages, from African drumming to Bollywood dancing. There’ll also be live performances. Got some spare cash? Walk in the market stalls and you’ll find clothing, handmade crafts and food from around the world. The Long Walk: Naarm 25 May — 28 October Get down to Yarra Park Gardens at the MCG for a First Nations festival and an afternoon of family-fun. There’ll be live music performed by some of Australia’s leading native artists, plus free sport and art activities. Factor in some cash to enjoy yourself at the food trucks. The festival ends with the walk to the Dreamtime match. Taste of Portugal 9 June — 25 September A huge free Portuguese festival is coming to the Vic Market and there will be Portuguese pies! Celebrate the tastes, sounds and culture of Portugal, Brazil and East Timor. Join a Latin dance class, catch live music and cooking demonstrations then try traditional street food. Firelight Festival 28 — 30 June Melbourne’s free winter festival is back. Firelight Festival is taking over Docklands for three nights of charming light shows, pop-up foodie feasts and more. From fire sculptures and flame jets to fire twirlers and flaming trumpeters (小号手), all the entertainment is entirely free. 1．Which festival lasts the longest? A．Festival@Boyd Southbank. B．The Long Walk: Naarm. C．Taste of Portugal. D．Firelight Festival. 2．What can visitors do in Naarm? A．Learn traditional arts on the spot. B．Appreciate music performances. C．Take photos with native artists. D．Win prizes in competitions. 3．Where can the text be found? A．In a recipe. B．In a guidebook. C．In a science fiction. D．In a health magazine. B When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it would need interactions with others. But later, I was amazed when I got to experience it firsthand. Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer (同龄人) review. I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work by myself. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I had done something that I thought was nearly impossible — it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of my mistakes and told me where I could give more details. One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I’ve always loved public speaking, but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and encouraged me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be. Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-working culture that allows us to push our boundaries (界限) and keep going. It creates a sense of community since we are all working towards a similar goal. As an active boy, I have always been ahead, but in a normal classroom, there are limitations on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new knowledge when I’m ready. I have ownership of my work and can pursue my goals. Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom. 4．What was the author’s response to Summit Learning at first? A．He was unwilling to attend it. B．He was excited to take part in it. C．He was surprised to hear about it. D．He was unhappy to give it up. 5．How did the poetry project benefit the author? A．It improved his confidence. B．It developed his sense of humour. C．It encourages him to work alone. D．It taught him how to organise activities. 6．What can be inferred about Summit Learning? A．It proves the limits of one’s abilities. B．It teaches poetry in a normal classroom. C．It changes the traditional way of learning. D．It helps create different classroom goals. 7．How does the author find Summit Learning now? A．Challenging. B．Worthwhile. C．Annoying. D．Traditional. C A new study with teens in a high school theater program showed how positive feelings can push them to work hard. Students also learned ways to deal with their own and others’ bad feelings. The researchers interviewed students in this three-month theater program. This study showed how theater programs can support the development of teens’ ability to understand feelings. Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign started open-ended interviews to get a good understanding of one setting — a high school theater program. Ten teenagers were interviewed every two weeks over a three-month period while the theater group prepared a musical. The program provided a culture that helped them learn to deal well with the events and feelings connected to these different emotions. The adults set good examples for teens and helped them learn good ways to control strong feelings. The theater setting supported this process (过程) by putting the youth in situations where strong feelings may appear because hard work brought stress. Also, strong feelings were accepted and discussed openly with a culture of caring about others. “The development of ‘emotional intelligence’ (情商) is important to adult work and family life, but many young people arrive in adulthood with bad emotional skills,” according to Reed W. Larson, the study’s lead author. “Our research findings suggest how, under the right conditions, teenagers learn these skills. Although further research is needed, youth programs, such as the theater program, along with schools that provide these conditions may lead to better emotional intelligence.” 8．What did the new study find? A．Theater programs are popular among high schools. B．Doing theater helps teenagers deal with their moods. C．Emotional skills are important to student success. D．High school teaching is a performing art. 9．How did the researchers get information for the study? A．By holding interviews. B．By preparing a musical. C．By teaching at the local school. D．By reviewing students’ performances. 10．What can we say about the adults in the theater program? A．They experienced the same emotions as the teens. B．They were close observers of the program. C．They provided models for the students. D．They were in control of the new study. 11．What is Reed W. Larson’s attitude towards the theater program? A．Doubtful. B．Curious. C．Worried. D．Supportive. D How to live a meaningful senior high life is a question worth thinking deeply. Senior high is a key period for personal growth and knowledge accumulation. 12 It shapes your personality and lays the foundation for your future. Balance study and rest wisely. Many students bury themselves in endless homework and skip rest time. 13 Tired minds cannot absorb new knowledge well. Proper relaxation keeps you energetic all day long. Active communication with teachers brings huge benefits. Teachers have rich experience and can offer professional learning advice. 14 You can clear up your confusion and adjust your study plans in time. Learn to cooperate with classmates in group tasks. Group work teaches you tolerance and teamwork spirit. 15 You can exchange ideas and learn strengths from each other. Cherish every minute of your teenage school days. Every effort you put in will finally bring rewards. 16 Hold on to your efforts and you will become a better self. A．This busy lifestyle easily leads to low learning efficiency. B．Talking with them after class solves many study problems. C．Rest is useless and only wastes your valuable study time. D．Cooperation helps you see problems from different angles. E．Make full use of every opportunity to improve yourself. F．You should refuse to take part in any group activities. G．It plays an important role in your whole life journey. 二、完形填空 A long time ago there lived, in Pennsylvania, a little boy whose name was Benjamin West. He loved 17 . But he had never seen any pictures except a few in a book. His parents didn’t think it was 18 to spend money on such things. One day Benjamin’s mother went to a neighbor’s. So she told Benjamin to 19 his baby sister until she came back. He was 20 to do this, for he loved the baby. The baby was asleep, and he must not make a noise. For some time he sat very 21 and even heard the clock ticking. 22 , a fly landed on the baby’s cheek. Then he thought what a pretty picture might be made of his sister. He had no pencil, but there was a piece of black charcoal (木炭). He had no 23 , but he knew where there was a smooth board. How pretty the baby was! He began to 24 . The baby smiled but didn’t wake up. As often as he touched the charcoal to the smooth board, the picture 25 . So busy was he with the drawing that he didn’t even hear his mother’s footsteps as she came into the room. She watched him 26 the wonderful drawing in silence. When Benjamin’s father came home, his mother 27 him the picture. They were very proud. Several weeks later, there came a 28 to the home of the Wests. Benjamin’s parents showed him the picture. He looked for a long time and said, “This child has a wonderful 29 . He may be a(n) 30 to our country and the world when he grows up.” And the words of the old minister 31 . The pictures of Benjamin West made him famous. He was the first great American painter to achieve international fame. 17．A．sights B．pictures C．books D．movies 18．A．right B．interesting C．lucky D．funny 19．A．pick up B．look for C．think of D．look after 20．A．bored B．stupid C．brave D．glad 21．A．still B．safe C．surprised D．lonely 22．A．Generally B．Finally C．Suddenly D．Simply 23．A．paper B．pencil C．plan D．room 24．A．walk B．draw C．smile D．build 25．A．weighed B．counted C．disappeared D．grew 26．A．throw B．finish C．choose D．accept 27．A．asked B．showed C．taught D．reminded 28．A．stranger B．relative C．teacher D．minister 29．A．photo B．name C．idea D．gift 30．A．honor B．prize C．present D．goal 31．A．came up B．showed off C．came true D．turned up 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a new school year begins, 32 (open) your mind to new experiences will help you make friends and discover new interests. Being open-minded means trying to understand other people’s thoughts and ideas, trying new experiences and exploring different ways of doing things, which is 33 (true) valuable. There are lots of benefits for having 34 open mind. First, you 35 (encourage) to learn new things about the world and the people around you. This makes you feel more positive and 36 (confidence) about facing challenges. Besides, having an interest in other people 37 (help) you understand and share their feelings. Being open to fresh ideas can also help develop exciting new ones of your own. 38 (become) more curious and open-minded, start by asking questions. If you’re unsure about joining a new club, ask 39 (you) what’s stopping you. Imagine how it feels to learn a new skill, meet new people and make friends. Don’t jump to a sudden decision but give yourself time to think about it first. If someone says something 40 you disagree with, then instead of deciding they are wrong or arguing back, take a moment to consider why they have that opinion. Finally, open your mind to new ideas. Even if you think you’re an expert on a subject, there is always 41 (much) you need to learn. 四、书信写作 42．假定你是李华，你的朋友Peter刚上高中，他对丰富的社团活动感到兴奋，但是又担心会影响学习，不知如何选择和管理时间。请给他写封回信，内容包括： 1. 表示理解； 2. 提出针对性的建议并说明理由。 注意事项：100词左右；可适当添加细节，使行文更为连贯。 Dear Peter, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05形容词副词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 形容词与副词的原级比较级最高级 考点二 词性转换（名词动词—形容词；形容词—副词） 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 形容词副词是课标附录 3 中“不带星号”的基础词类——四个子项全部属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着形容词副词不存在“学考不考”的部分，全部是必修必会，复习重点是“用对”而不是“学会”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 形容词 形容词的基本形式 必修 熟练掌握作定语、表语、宾语补足语的功能与位置；能区分 -ing 与 -ed 两类形容词 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 形容词 形容词的比较级和最高级 必修 熟练掌握五条构成规则与不规则表；能依据 than / of the two / one of / in-of-among 等标志定级 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 副词 副词的基本形式 必修 熟练掌握副词的分类与位置（频度、程度、方式、enough 等），能准确充当各类状语 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 副词 副词的比较级和最高级 必修 熟练掌握构成规则（含 -ly 变 -ily 一类）与常用句型 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 构词法 派生法（形容词化、副词化） 必修 掌握高频形容词后缀、形容词变副词的三步规则与特殊变化 熟练掌握 语法填空 ★ 易错提醒｜先看清：本专题的层级边界在哪里 课标附录 3“说明”栏的口径是：不带星号的项目是义务教育阶段学习过的项目，是高中必修课程应该熟练掌握的内容；带一个星号的为高中必修课程要求学习和掌握的项目；带两个星号的为选择性必修课程；带三个星号的为选修课程（提高类）。 形容词与副词的四个子项均不带星号，因此全部内容都是必修必会，本专题没有“学考不考”的部分——这与虚拟语气（选修提高类）完全不同。 -ing / -ed 形容词未在课标子项中单列，但属“形容词的基本形式”范畴，且自必修教材起即为常规内容，按必修要求掌握。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 考查维度 学考（全国卷·必修口径） 备考启示 题量与分值 语法填空 10 空约 15 分，形容词与副词占 1—2 空 占比不大但年年稳定，属于“必须全拿”的分 考查重心 比较等级的构成与句型；形容词与副词的词性转换 构成规则是送分题，词性转换是拉分题 设空位置 常嵌于长句与从句之中，一个空可能同时涉及时态、语态 不能只背规则，必须练“划分句子结构” 干扰项设计 形副混用、级判错、拼写错三类为主 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 ● 词性转换是最高频考法。近年语法填空中形容词与副词的设空以“形变副”与“名变形”为主，每年稳定出现 1—2 空，是最可靠的得分点，也是最可惜的失分点。 ● 比较等级构成是稳定送分题。双写、变 y 为 i、不规则表——规则明确、区分度低，必须零失误。 ● 隐含比较明显增多。不给 than 也不给范围，靠上下文语义定级（如“多睡一会儿”→ longer）。 ● 形副混用是主要失分点。-ing / -ed 形容词、同形异义、-ly 形容词三类，命题人反复设障。 ● 长句综合化。考点嵌在定语从句、状语从句之中，先断句、再分工、后定词是提速关键。 策略 具体做法 预期效果 先分工，再定词 拿到带提示词的空，先判断“该填形容词还是副词”：修饰名词或作表语 → 形容词；修饰动词、形容词或全句 → 副词 从源头避免形副混用 先定级，再变形 看到 than / of the two / one of / in-of-among / the…the… 先定级，再按构成规则变形 避免“变了形、定错级” 后缀与特殊表硬记 形容词后缀、形变副三步、六组不规则比较等级，限时默写并造句 词性转换零失误 2.1 形容词与副词的分工 形容词功能 例句 说明 副词功能 例句与说明 作定语 （前置为主） a beautiful girl, an important meeting 形容词最核心的句法功能 作状语（核心） He runs fast. She speaks clearly. 说明方式、程度、时间、地点 作表语 The flower smells wonderful. 置于系动词之后，说明主语特征 修饰形容词 / 副词 very good, quite well 程度副词置于被修饰词之前 作宾语补足语 I found the film moving. 补充说明宾语的状态或特征 修饰整个句子 Luckily, he passed the exam. 句子副词多置于句首，用逗号隔开 名词化与其他 the rich 富人；the old 老人 the ＋ 形容词表一类人 少数作表语 / 定语 He is out. / the students here 仅限 in、out、home、here、there 等 判断纪律：修饰名词或作表语 → 形容词；修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句 → 副词。 对比：He looks happy.（形容词作表语）｜He looks happily at the photo.（副词作状语） ★ 易错提醒｜look happy 与 look happily 不是一回事 look / smell / taste / feel / sound / seem / become / get / turn / grow / keep / stay / remain 等系动词之后必须用形容词：He looks happy. 但同一词也可以带宾语，此时是实义动词，须用副词：He looked happily at the photo. 判断方法：看它后面有没有宾语——有宾语就是实义动词用副词，无宾语就是系动词用形容词。 常见错写：把 lonely 当副词写成 lonelyly（错）——lonely 本身就是形容词，意为“孤独的”；alone 也是形容词，意为“独自的”，二者都没有副词形式。 这一条是“形副混用”最集中的来源：系动词后接副词是经典错误，务必逐句检查。 2.2 形容词的比较级和最高级 类型 / 原级 变化规则 / 比较级 例词 / 最高级 备注 一、规则变化（五条） 单音节词 直接加 -er / -est small → smaller → smallest 以不发音的 e 结尾 只加 -r / -st large → larger → largest 辅音结尾的重读闭音节 双写辅音字母，再加 -er / -est big → bigger → biggest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -er / -est easy → easier → easiest 多音节与部分双音节 词前加 more / most interesting → more interesting → most interesting 二、不规则变化（必须熟记） good / well better best — bad / badly / ill worse worst — many / much more most — little less least — far farther / further farthest / furthest farther 指距离，further 可指程度 old older / elder oldest / eldest elder / eldest 仅表家人长幼 ★ 三条特殊规则 ① 双音节两可：common、quiet、clever、narrow、tired 等既可用 -er / -est，也可用 more / most。 ② 无比较等级：right、wrong、perfect、excellent、favorite、wooden、final 等本身含极限义。 ③ 两个易错点：elder / eldest 仅表家人长幼；farther 指距离，further 可指程度（further 亦可表“进一步”）。 ★ 易错提醒｜构成规则的四个陷阱 陷阱一：双写有前提。 只有“辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节”才双写：hot → hotter（对）；slow → slower（不双写）。判断法：看是不是“辅音＋元音＋辅音”且重读落在最后一个音节。 陷阱二：y 变 i 有前提。“辅音字母＋y”才变：heavy → heavier；“元音字母＋y”不变：grey → greyer。 陷阱三：无比较等级的形容词。 right、wrong、perfect、excellent、favorite、wooden、final、first、last 等本身含极限义，不能加 -er，也不能加 more。 陷阱四：比较级不能重复修饰。 more better、very cheaper 都是错的——比较级前只能用 much / even / far 等，不能用 more 或 very。 2.3 副词的分类、位置与比较等级 （一）副词的六大类别 类别 常见词 例句 时间副词 now, then, soon, already, yet, still, lately I have already finished it. 地点副词 here, there, upstairs, abroad, home He has gone abroad. 方式副词 carefully, slowly, fast, well, hard She sings beautifully. 程度副词 very, quite, rather, too, so, much, enough The box is too heavy. 频度副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never He always gets up early. 句子副词 luckily, fortunately, generally, honestly Luckily, he passed the exam. （二）副词的位置规则（本专题最易错处） 副词类型 位置规则 例句 频度副词 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后；实义动词之前 He is always late. / He always gets up early. 程度副词 置于被修饰的形容词或副词之前 very good, quite well 方式副词 动词之后或宾语之后；宾语是代词时只能放在代词之后 He speaks English well. / He speaks it well. enough 修饰形容词或副词时后置；修饰名词时前置 good enough / enough time still be 动词、助动词之后；实义动词之前 He is still working. yet / already yet 多用于否定句与疑问句句末；already 多用于肯定句句中 I haven't finished yet. / I have already finished. 时间与地点副词 地点在前、时间在后，均置于句末 He was born in Beijing in 1990. ★ 易错提醒｜位置错就是语义错 频度副词连用时按频率高低排列：always → usually → often → sometimes → seldom → never。 only 要紧贴被修饰的成分：Only he can do it.（只有他能）｜He can only read.（他只会读）——only 换位置，句意就换。 方式副词不能插在动词与宾语之间：He cleaned the room carefully.（对）｜He cleaned carefully the room.（错）。 2.4 比较等级常用句型 原级　as…as 比较级　than 最高级　the…est as ＋ 原级 ＋ as 和……一样…… He is as tall as his father. 比较级 ＋ than 比……更…… He runs faster than I. the ＋ 最高级 ＋ in / of / among 最…… He is the tallest in our class. not as / so ＋ 原级 ＋ as 不如…… This book is not so good as that one. the ＋ 比较级 ＋ of the two 两者中较……的 Tom is the taller of the two. one of ＋ the ＋ 最高级 ＋ 复数 最……之一 The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders. as ＋ 原级 ＋ a / an ＋ n. ＋ as ……一样（的名） She is as clever a girl as Mary. 比较级 and 比较级 越来越…… The weather gets colder and colder. 比较级 ＋ than any other ＋ 单数 比任何一个都…… Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. as ＋ 原级 ＋ as one can 尽……所能 Please come as early as you can. the ＋ 比较级…, the ＋ 比较级… 越……就越…… The harder you study, the more you will learn. 否定词 ＋ 比较级 ＝最高级含义 Nothing is more valuable than health. 比较级的修饰语：much / even / far / a lot / rather / still / a little ＋ 比较级，表“……得多”；by far 修饰最高级或比较级 倍数与数量：A is three times as ＋ 原级 ＋ as B；A is three times ＋ 比较级 ＋ than B；no more than 仅仅；not more than 不超过 原级的修饰语：very / so / too / quite / rather ＋ 原级；such ＋ a / an ＋ 形容词 ＋ 名词；too much ＋ 不可数名词 修饰语分工：原级、比较级、最高级各有各的“搭档” 修饰对象 可用修饰语 例句 原级 very, so, too, quite, rather very good, too difficult 比较级 much, even, far, a lot, rather, still, a little, a bit, by far much cheaper, even better 最高级 (by) far, much, nearly, almost, the very by far the best, the very first 倍数表达与数量表达 表达 结构 例句 A 是 B 的 n 倍 A is n times as ＋ 原级 ＋ as B This room is three times as big as that one. A 是 B 的 n 倍（比较级） A is n times ＋ 比较级 ＋ than B This hall is three times bigger than ours. A 是 B 的 n 倍 A is n times the ＋ 名词 ＋ of B This room is three times the size of that one. 数量表达 no more than 仅仅；not more than 不超过；more than 超过 It costs no more than 10 yuan. ★ 易错提醒｜三个“标志词 → 形式”的硬规则 of the two 必须加 the：Tom is the taller of the two. 漏掉 the 是最常见的丢分。 one of 后接 the ＋ 最高级 ＋ 复数：one of the most important reasons——最高级前的 the 与后面的复数都不能省。 most 前无 the 时是“非常”：a most interesting film ＝ a very interesting film，此时 most 不是最高级，不加 the。 否定词 ＋ 比较级 ＝ 最高级含义：Nothing is more valuable than health. ＝ Health is the most valuable of all. 两种说法都对，别写重复。 2.5 易混词辨析三类 （一）-ing 形容词与 -ed 形容词 -ing（修饰物：令人……的） -ed（修饰人：感到……的） 例句对照 interesting interested an interesting book / I am interested in it exciting excited an exciting trip / We were excited surprising surprised surprising news / a surprised look disappointing disappointed a disappointing result / He felt disappointed convincing convinced convincing evidence / I am convinced of it puzzling puzzled a puzzling question / We were puzzled （二）同形异义的形容词与副词 形容词 副词 搭配例句 high 高的 highly 高度地 jump high / speak highly of deep 深的 deeply 深深地 dig deep / be deeply moved close 近的 closely 密切地 sit close / watch closely hard 努力的 hardly 几乎不 work hard / can hardly see most 最 mostly 主要地 the most beautiful / mostly students late 晚的 lately 最近 come late / Have you seen him lately? near 近的 nearly 几乎 stand near / nearly finished fair 公平的 fairly 相当 be fair / fairly good （三）-ly 形容词与形副同形 类型 例词 使用说明 -ly 结尾却是形容词 friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, likely, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, ugly, silly, costly, deadly, orderly 不能当副词用；说“友好地”要用 in a friendly way 形副同形 fast, hard, straight, high, deep, close, near, early, late, long, still, just, well 既是形容词又是副词；well 作形容词只表“身体好” ★ 易错提醒｜三条判断纪律 看到 -ly 别急着当副词——先查它是不是上面两类之一。 修饰人的情绪用 -ed，引起某种情绪的（事／物）用 -ing。 同形异义词的词义由搭配决定，必须连搭配一起记。 两个必须整句记的搭配：speak highly of（高度评价）、can hardly see（几乎看不见）。 2.6 词性转换与派生后缀 （一）名词／动词 → 形容词：十二个高频后缀 后缀 含义 例词 -ful 充满……的 helpful, careful, useful -less 无……的 careless, hopeless, homeless -ous 多……的 famous, dangerous, nervous -y 有……的 sunny, windy, cloudy, healthy -ly 有……性质的 friendly, lovely, lively -al 与……有关的 natural, cultural, traditional -ic 与……有关的 historic, scientific, basic -ive 有……倾向的 active, creative, attractive -able / -ible 可……的 comfortable, enjoyable, possible, terrible -ant / -ent ……的 important, different, confident -ish 略……的 childish, foolish, selfish -en 由……制的 wooden, golden, woollen （二）形容词 → 副词：三步规则与特殊变化 步骤 规则 例词 一般情况 直接加 -ly quick → quickly, slow → slowly 辅音字母＋y 结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -ly happy → happily, easy → easily 以 -le 结尾 去 e，加 -y possible → possibly, simple → simply 特殊一 去 e 加 -ly true → truly, whole → wholly, due → duly 特殊二 -ic 结尾加 -ally basic → basically, scientific → scientifically 特殊三（例外） public 直接加 -ly public → publicly （三）形容词 → 名词：三个后缀 后缀 例词 说明 -ness kindness, darkness, illness 最常用的形容词名词化后缀 -th warmth, truth, length 多由单音节形容词变化而来 -ce importance, difference 由 -ant / -ent 结尾的形容词变来 ★ 易错提醒｜秒判三信号与拼写纪律 秒判信号①：空格前是冠词、形容词、物主代词，或空格后是 of → 要填名词。 秒判信号②：空格修饰动词，或空格前是 very / so / too / much，或空格后是形容词 → 要填副词。 秒判信号③：空格作表语，或空格后有 than / in / of / among，或句中有 one of → 要填形容词（含比较等级）。 拼写纪律：变形之后单独回读一遍拼写。truly（不是 truely）、wholly（不是 wholely）、possibly（不是 possiblely）——因拼写丢分最可惜。 考点一： 形容词与副词的原级比较级最高级 例1. (2025年6月福建省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) Older apartments have guards at entrances, while 38 (new) apartments have facial recognition to open gates. 【答案】38．newer 【详解】38．考查形容词比较级。句意：老式公寓的入口设有门卫，而较新的公寓则配备了人脸识别系统开门。while表对比，该空应使用形容词的比较级作定语与句首的Older对应，应填newer。 例2. （2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）“Fewer parts mean 41 (little) waste and carbon footprint.” Rochet pointed out that the smartphone industry is one of the most polluted industries (industry). 【答案】41. less 【详解】41．考查形容词比较级。句意：零件越少，意味着浪费和碳足迹越少。根据前文的Fewer可知，此处用形容词比较级，little的比较级为less。故填less。 例3. (福建省普通高中2023-2024学年1月学业水平合格性考试英语试题) The earlier kids learn to be independent, the 40 (good) it is for their future. 【答案】40．better 【详解】40．考查形容词比较级。 句意：孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。根据句意“越早……越好”以及定冠词the可知，此处应使用“the+比较级，the+比较级”的结构。故填better。 1．Nothing is ________ valuable than the experience gained from farming practice. A．more B．most C．less D．least 【答案】A 【详解】句意：没有什么比从农业实践中获得的经验更有价值了。句中“than”表明此处为比较级结构，且“Nothing is + 比较级 + than...”意为“没有什么比……更……”，表示最高级含义。valuable为多音节形容词，其比较级用more构成。 2． you are, mistakes you’ll make. A．The more carefully; the fewer B．The more careful; the fewer C．The more careful; the less 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你越认真，犯的错误就越少。“the+比较级，the+比较级”是固定句型，意为“越……，就越……”。 第一空作表语，应用形容词careful，其比较级为more careful；mistakes是可数名词复数，用few修饰，其比较级为fewer。 3．As far as I’m concerned, the service in the hotel couldn’t have been ______. A．good B．better C．best D．well 【答案】B 【详解】句意：就我而言，这家酒店的服务再好不过了。“否定词 + 比较级”表示最高级含义，couldn't have been better 意为不可能更好了，即表示服务非常好。 4．At the school meeting, the headmaster suggests the teachers receive ________ education to catch up with the ________ development. A．farther; late B．farther; latest C．further; late D．further; latest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在校会上，校长建议教师接受继续教育以跟上最新的发展。A. farther更远的；late迟的；B. farther更远的；latest最新的；C. further进一步的；late迟的；D. further进一步的；latest最新的。根据句中“education”可知，further education为固定搭配，表示“继续教育”，再结合“catch up with”可知，要跟上最新的发展。 5．one is (hard-working) than him in this group. 【答案】more hard-working 【详解】句意：在这个小组里没有人比他更勤奋。否定词no+比较级，表达最高级含义，意为 “没有人比他更勤奋=他是组内最勤奋的”。 6．Children who eat well are (likely) to get sick than those who don’t. 【答案】less likely 【详解】句意：饮食良好的孩子比那些饮食不好的孩子更不容易生病。根据空后的比较级标志词“than”可知应用比较级形式，结合语义“饮食良好的孩子相比饮食不佳的孩子，生病的可能性更低”，要表达“更不可能、可能性更小”的含义，应用less likely。 7．The yellow-eyed penguin today is considered one of the world’s (rare) species of penguin, with an estimated population of 7,000 that is now the focus of an extensive conservation effort in New Zealand. 【答案】rarest 【详解】句意：黄眼企鹅如今被认为是世界上最稀有的企鹅物种之一，据估计其数量为7000只，目前是新西兰一项大规模保护工作的重点。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……之一”，设空处需要填形容词最高级，所给词rare的最高级形式为rarest。 8．The explorer found that the (narrow) point of the canyon was only two metres wide. 【答案】narrowest 【详解】句意：探险家发现峡谷最窄的地方只有两米宽。“point”为名词，需用形容词修饰，空格处为定语；根据“the”和“of the canyon”可知，此处表示在特定范围内的最窄处，应用形容词最高级narrowest。新的发展，使用latest。 考点二：词性转换（名词动词—形容词；形容词—副词） 例1.( 2025年6月福建省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) They 36 (usual) change to avoid traffic, though. 【答案】36．usually 【详解】36．考查副词。句意：不过他们通常只是为了避开交通拥堵而改变路线。该空需用副词修饰动词change，应填usually。 例2. (2025年7月云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) A small bike is lying 36 (quiet) in our garden. 【答案】36．quietly 【详解】36．考查副词。句意：一辆小自行车静静地躺在我们的花园里。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词的现在分词形式lying，quiet的副词形式为quietly。故填quietly。 例3. (2025年7月云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) I could ride around the garden soon after my first try. It was 42 (wonder). 【答案】42．wonderful 【详解】42．考查形容词。句意：那真是太棒了。空处需用形容词作表语，wonder的形容词为wonderful“精彩的，绝妙的”。故填wonderful。 例4. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) At the age of three, she became 37 (interest) in making a paper flower. 【答案】37．interested 【详解】37．考查形容词。句意：三岁时，她对制作纸花产生了兴趣。提示词作表语，用形容词interested，意为“感兴趣的”；be interested in...是固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。 1．She decided to live ________ after getting a new job. A．independent B．independently C．independence D．dependently 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在得到一份新工作后，她决定独立生活。A. independent独立的；B. independently独立地；C. independence独立；D. dependently依赖地。空格处修饰动词live，需要使用副词作状语，且表示“独立地”用副词independently。 2．These books will be ________ helpful to those who wish to improve their English. A．eagerly B．particularly C．regularly D．honestly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些书对那些希望提高英语水平的人将会特别有帮助。A. eagerly渴望地；B. particularly尤其；C. regularly定期地；D. honestly诚实地。修饰形容词helpful，用副词particularly作状语，particularly helpful表示“尤其有帮助”，符合句意。 3．Mr. Zhang is a hard-working teacher. He often works ________ into the night. A．late B．later C．lately D．latest 【答案】A 【详解】句意：张老师是一位勤奋的老师。他经常工作到深夜。A. late晚，晚的；B. later后来；C. lately最近；D. latest最新的。late into the night为常见搭配，意为“到深夜”，late在此作副词修饰动词works，表示工作到很晚。 4．My parents are ________ to my going abroad, but I hold the ________ view. A．opposing; opposed B．opposing; opposing C．opposed; opposed D．opposed; opposing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我父母反对我出国，但我持有相反的观点。第一空，be opposed to为固定搭配，意为“反对……”，其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词；第二空，修饰名词view（观点）应用形容词opposing，意为“相反的，对立的”，opposing view意为“相反的观点”。 5．During the winter, I like my house ________. A．warmly and comfortable B．warm and comfortable C．warm and comfortably D．warmly and comfortably 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在冬天，我喜欢我的房子温暖舒适。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定结构“like+宾语+形容词”，意为“喜欢某人/某物处于某种状态”，其中形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态。本句中宾语是my house，需要用形容词warm（温暖的）和comfortable（舒适的）来作宾语补足语。 6．Excuse me, could you please show me where I can find some (freeze) dumplings? 【答案】frozen 【详解】句意：打扰一下，请问你能告诉我在哪里可以找到一些速冻饺子吗？此处需要形容词修饰名词dumplings，frozen表示冷冻的、速冻的。 7．Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite (impress). 【答案】impressive 【详解】句意：猫有许多高度发达的感官，但它们的嗅觉相当令人印象深刻。提示词impress(使印象深刻)作表语，表明主语their sense of smell的特性，用形容词impressive，意为“给人印象深刻的”。 8．Many teens find the perfect-looking images on social media (attract), yet they fail to realize they are unrealistic. 【答案】attractive 【详解】句意：许多青少年觉得社交媒体上那些看起来完美的图片很吸引人，却没有意识到它们是不真实的。此处为“find +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构，应使用形容词attractive说明宾语images的特点。 9．We should base our decisions on (science) research. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：我们应该依据科学研究来做决定。修饰名词research，此空填形容词scientific，意为“科学的”，作定语。 10．You should be (confidence) about your future. 【答案】confident 【详解】句意：你应该对你的未来充满自信。be动词后面需要形容词作表语。confidence是名词，对应的形容词为confident。 11．The noise from the street made me feel (annoy). 【答案】annoyed 【详解】句意：街上的噪音让我感到烦躁。feel后接形容词作表语，annoyed表示“感到恼怒的”，用-ed结尾的形容词annoyed。 12．Our teacher always encourages us to be (dependence) learners. 【答案】independent 【详解】句意：我们的老师总是鼓励我们成为自主学习者。此处需要形容词修饰名词learners，对应表达“自主的、独立的”含义的形容词为independent。 一、单项选择 1．It rained ________ than five minutes ago. We had to wait in the shopping mall. A．heavily B．more heavily C．the more heavily D．the most heavily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：雨比五分钟前下得更大。我们不得不在购物中心等待。句中出现了比较级标志词than，所以空处要用比较级，且空处修饰动词rain，因此要用副词比较级more heavily。 2．This morning, I was worried that no one would talk to me. But I was wrong. I didn’t feel awkward or ______ at all. A．frightening B．fright C．frightened D．frighten 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今天早上，我还担心没人会跟我说话。但我错了。我一点也不觉得尴尬或害怕。feel为连系动词，后接形容词作表语，且or连接并列成分，awkward为形容词，故空格处也应填入形容词。修饰主语人（I）的内在感受，表示“感到害怕的”，应使用-ed结尾的形容词frightened。 3．It is ________ to make full preparations before starting a new project. A．challenge B．challenging C．challenged D．challenges 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在开始一个新项目之前做充分的准备是具有挑战性的。题干中包含固定句型“It is + adj. + to do sth.”，意为“做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。空格处需要填入一个形容词作表语，修饰“做充分的准备”这件事。challenging意为“具有挑战性的”，通常用来修饰事物，符合语法和语境。 4．A good interview process should involve ________ screening of job applicants and effective questions that every applicant gets asked. A．fearful B．careful C．eventful D．awful 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一个好的面试过程应该包括对求职者的仔细筛选，以及向每位求职者提出有效的问题。A. fearful可怕的；B. careful仔细的；C. eventful多事的；D. awful糟糕的。根据“A good interview process should involve”可知，此处表示“一个好的面试过程需要对求职者进行仔细的筛选”，careful符合语境。 5．He felt a bit ________ when he studied ________ maths at college. A．discouraged; advancing B．discouraged; advanced C．discouraging; advancing D．discouraging; advancing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在大学学习高等数学时，他感到有点沮丧。A. discouraged感到沮丧的；advancing前进的；B. discouraged感到沮丧的；advanced高级的；C. discouraging令人泄气的；advancing前进的；D. discouraging令人泄气的；advancing前进的。第一空修饰主语He，在句中作表语，应用discouraged，表示“感到沮丧的”；第二空advanced maths为固定搭配，意为“高等数学”。 6．Within ten years, cars will be a lot _________in China. A．cheapest B．cheap C．cheaper D．the cheaper 【答案】C 【详解】句意：十年内，汽车在中国将会便宜得多。程度副词a lot常用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示“……得多”，此处应使用形容词cheap的比较级cheaper。 7．Sam always pays close attention to details. He is the ________ of the two children in our family. A．more careful B．most careful C．more careless D．most careless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Sam总是很关注细节，他是我们家两个孩子中更细心的那一个。A. more careful更细心的，比较级；A. most careful最细心的，最高级；C. more careless更粗心的，比较级；D. most careless最粗心的，最高级。“the+形容词比较级+of the two+名词复数”是固定结构，表示“两者中更……的那一个”，因此要用比较级；根据“Sam always pays close attention to details”可知，Sam更细心，所以要选more careful。 8．—Their car was hit by a truck on the way to the railway station. — ________, they missed the train. A．No surprisingly B．Not surprising C．No surprising D．Not surprisingly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——他们的车在去火车站的路上被一辆卡车撞了。——毫不奇怪，他们错过了火车。空格处修饰后面的整个句子“they missed the train”，需要使用副词，not surprisingly意为“毫不奇怪地”，在句中作评注性状语，修饰整个句子。 9．The old man lives ________ in the countryside but he never feels lonely. A．lonely B．alone C．more lonely D．much alone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位老人独自住在乡下，但他从不感到孤单。alone：副词，意为“独自地，单独”，侧重客观上一个人，此处修饰动词 lives（独自居住）。lonely：形容词，意为“孤独的、偏僻的”，侧重内心孤单，不能用来修饰动词。much alone搭配错误，much不修饰 alone。 10．The little girl is singing ________ in the next room and we can hear her clearly. A．soft B．loud C．loudly D．aloud 【答案】C 【详解】句意：小女孩在隔壁大声唱歌，我们都能听得很清楚。A. soft柔和的；B. loud大声的；C. loudly大声地；D. aloud出声地。此处修饰动词sing，且意为“大声地”，故应用副词loudly作状语。aloud强调发出声音，不符合语境。 11．The more you practice, the ________ you will speak English. A．good B．well C．better D．worse 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你练习得越多，你英语就会说得越好。 本题考查“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”固定句型，意为“越……，就越……”。空格处修饰动词speak，需要使用副词well的比较级better。 12．My little sister is much ________ than me, but she eats more ________ than I do. A．short; healthy B．shorter; healthily C．shorter; healthy D．short; healthily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的小妹妹比我矮得多，但她比我吃得更健康。short矮的，healthy健康的；shorter比较矮的；healthily健康地。根据“than me”可知，第一空填形容词比较级shorter，排除选项A和D；根据“eats”可知，第二空修饰动词，填副词healthily，和more构成比较级。 13．—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? —The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world. A．longer; long B．longest; long C．longest; longer D．longer; longest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——长江和黄河哪条河更长？——长江。它是世界上第三长的河流。分析句子可知，第一空：句中是长江、黄河两者进行比较，要用形容词比较级 longer。第二空：固定结构 the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 表示“第几最……的”，此处表示“世界第三长河”，要用最高级longest。 14．The new library is ________ used by students because it provides modern learning tools. A．wide B．widely C．wider D．more widely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：新图书馆被学生广泛使用，因为它提供了现代化学习设备。此处修饰动词used，应用副词widely作状语，意为“广泛地”，句中无比较含义，不用比较级。 15．It is raining ______ outside, and the weather will get even ______ in the afternoon. A．hard; bad B．hardly; badly C．hard; worse D．hardly; better 【答案】C 【详解】句意：外面雨下得很大，而且下午天气会变得更糟。第一空修饰动词rain，表示“雨下得大”应用副词hard，hardly意为“几乎不”，不符合语境；第二空作表语，应用形容词，且空前有程度副词even修饰，其后应接形容词比较级，结合语境表示天气变得“更糟”，应用bad的比较级worse。 二、单句语法填空 1．She is (determine) to become a doctor in the future. 【答案】determined 【详解】句意：她下定决心将来当一名医生。be determined to do sth.决心做某事，determined是形容词作表语。 2．We (rare) realize how small kindnesses can warm people around us in daily life. 【答案】rarely 【详解】句意：在日常生活中，我们很少能意识到微小的善意可以温暖身边的人。本空修饰动词realize，作状语，用副词rarely。 3．This exercise can improve your focus and concentration, making it easier to stay (engage) in class. 【答案】engaged 【详解】句意：这项练习可以提高你的专注力和注意力，让你更容易在课堂上保持投入。根据系动词stay及语境可知，此处需用形容词作表语，表示“（人）参与其中的、专注投入的”，engage的形容词形式为engaged，stay engaged in意为“保持对……的投入/专注”。 4．The flood was one of the most (power) natural disasters in the area. 【答案】powerful 【详解】句意：这场洪水是该地区最强大的自然灾害之一。本空修饰名词短语natural disasters，用形容词作定语，power对应的形容词形式为powerful，意为“强大的、有力量的”。 5．Compared with other forms of writing, it is easier to operate and takes (little) time. 【答案】less 【详解】句意：和其他写作形式相比，它操作更简单，耗时更少。两者对比，要用比较级，且表示“更少的”用less。 6．He was (horrible) scared at the sight of the wolf, but it just looked at him gently. 【答案】horribly 【详解】句意：他一看到那只狼就吓坏了，但那只狼只是温柔地看着他。所填词作状语修饰形容词scared，要将形容词horrible变成副词horribly。 7．Having studied in China for many years, he can speak Chinese (fluent), which makes an (impress) on us. 【答案】 fluently impression 【详解】句意：在中国学习多年，他能流利地说中文，这给我们留下了深刻印象。第一空修饰动词speak，要用副词fluently。第二空为固定搭配：make an impression on sb.“给某人留下印象”。impress为动词“使印象深刻”，其名词为impression“印象”。 8．We should make the (much) of every day and live life to the fullest. 【答案】most 【详解】句意：我们应当充分利用每一天，尽情地生活。固定短语make the most of意为“充分利用”，the后要使用形容词最高级；much的最高级是most。 9．No other method has a (great) influence on crop output than this one. 【答案】greater 【详解】句意：没有别的方法比这一种对农作物产量的影响更大。 空处需填形容词作定语，句中有比较级标志词than，表示两者对比，否定词No other+名词和比较级连用，表达最高级含义，因此空处要使用great的比较级greater。 10． (apparent), many teenagers are unaware that they spend too much time on short-video platforms. 【答案】Apparently 【详解】句意：显然，许多青少年并没有意识到自己在短视频平台上花费了过多时间。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词作评注性状语；apparent的副词形式为apparently，意为“显然”，句首首字母大写。 11．He opened the letter (curious) and read it twice. 【答案】curiously 【详解】句意：他好奇地打开信，读了两遍。提示词修饰动词opened，用副词形式curiously作状语，意为“好奇地”。 12．The more time he practiced speaking in front of a mirror, the (confidence) he became. 【答案】more confident 【详解】句意：他对着镜子练习口语的时间越多，他就变得越自信。此处为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，became为系动词后接形容词，confidence对应的形容词confident，比较级为more confident。 13．The Gettysburg Address is one of the (famous) speeches in American history. 【答案】most famous 【详解】句意：葛底斯堡演说是美国历史上最著名的演说之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最……的……之一”，famous的最高级形式为the most famous。 14．She can speak English (fluent) after living in London for a year. 【答案】fluently 【详解】句意：她在伦敦生活一年后，已经能流利地讲英语了。空格处用副词fluently修饰动词speak，fluently意为“流利地”。 15．He is no (much) a writer than I am a painter. 【答案】more 【详解】句意：他算不上作家，就像我算不上画家一样。此处为固定结构“no more...than...”，意为“和…… 一样不……；两者都不”，强调两者都不具备某种身份，所以用 much 的比较级 more。 一、阅读理解 A The best free festivals in Melbourne Don’t let an empty wallet stop you from enjoying Melbourne. These festivals and street parties offer free entry and tons of entertainment. Festival@Boyd Southbank 19 May — 17 November A community festival intended for all things green and sustainable is coming to Southbank. Join free workshops for all ages, from African drumming to Bollywood dancing. There’ll also be live performances. Got some spare cash? Walk in the market stalls and you’ll find clothing, handmade crafts and food from around the world. The Long Walk: Naarm 25 May — 28 October Get down to Yarra Park Gardens at the MCG for a First Nations festival and an afternoon of family-fun. There’ll be live music performed by some of Australia’s leading native artists, plus free sport and art activities. Factor in some cash to enjoy yourself at the food trucks. The festival ends with the walk to the Dreamtime match. Taste of Portugal 9 June — 25 September A huge free Portuguese festival is coming to the Vic Market and there will be Portuguese pies! Celebrate the tastes, sounds and culture of Portugal, Brazil and East Timor. Join a Latin dance class, catch live music and cooking demonstrations then try traditional street food. Firelight Festival 28 — 30 June Melbourne’s free winter festival is back. Firelight Festival is taking over Docklands for three nights of charming light shows, pop-up foodie feasts and more. From fire sculptures and flame jets to fire twirlers and flaming trumpeters (小号手), all the entertainment is entirely free. 1．Which festival lasts the longest? A．Festival@Boyd Southbank. B．The Long Walk: Naarm. C．Taste of Portugal. D．Firelight Festival. 2．What can visitors do in Naarm? A．Learn traditional arts on the spot. B．Appreciate music performances. C．Take photos with native artists. D．Win prizes in competitions. 3．Where can the text be found? A．In a recipe. B．In a guidebook. C．In a science fiction. D．In a health magazine. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了墨尔本免费的节日和街头派对。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知Festival@Boyd Southbank从5月19日至11月17日；The Long Walk: Naarm从5月25日至10月28日；Taste of Portugal从6月9日至9月25日；Firelight Festival从6月28日至30日。可知，Festival@Boyd Southbank持续时间最长。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“There’ll be live music performed by some of Australia’s leading native artists, plus free sport and art activities.(届时将会有一些澳大利亚顶尖本土艺术家的现场音乐表演，以及免费的体育和艺术活动)”可知，游客在纳姆可以欣赏音乐表演。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Don’t let an empty wallet stop you from enjoying Melbourne. These festivals and street parties offer free entry and tons of entertainment.(不要让空空的钱包阻止你享受墨尔本。这些节日和街头派对提供免费入场和大量娱乐活动)”结合文章主要介绍了墨尔本免费的节日和街头排队。可知，文章选自旅游指南。故选B。 B When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it would need interactions with others. But later, I was amazed when I got to experience it firsthand. Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer (同龄人) review. I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work by myself. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I had done something that I thought was nearly impossible — it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of my mistakes and told me where I could give more details. One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I’ve always loved public speaking, but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and encouraged me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be. Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-working culture that allows us to push our boundaries (界限) and keep going. It creates a sense of community since we are all working towards a similar goal. As an active boy, I have always been ahead, but in a normal classroom, there are limitations on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new knowledge when I’m ready. I have ownership of my work and can pursue my goals. Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom. 4．What was the author’s response to Summit Learning at first? A．He was unwilling to attend it. B．He was excited to take part in it. C．He was surprised to hear about it. D．He was unhappy to give it up. 5．How did the poetry project benefit the author? A．It improved his confidence. B．It developed his sense of humour. C．It encourages him to work alone. D．It taught him how to organise activities. 6．What can be inferred about Summit Learning? A．It proves the limits of one’s abilities. B．It teaches poetry in a normal classroom. C．It changes the traditional way of learning. D．It helps create different classroom goals. 7．How does the author find Summit Learning now? A．Challenging. B．Worthwhile. C．Annoying. D．Traditional. 【答案】4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者亲历 Summit Learning，收获成长并喜爱它。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all.(我承认我一点也不高兴和兴奋)”以及第二段“I would never have taken part if it was up to me(如果由我决定，我绝不会参加)”可知，作者最初对Summit Learning的态度是抗拒的，不愿意参加。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability(我们与同伴一起做的活动让我对自己的能力有了更多的信心)”可知，诗歌项目中的同伴互评活动增强了作者的自信心。 6．推理判断题。根据第五段“As an active boy, I have always been ahead, but in a normal classroom, there are limitations on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new knowledge when I’m ready.(作为一个活跃的男孩，我一直进度领先，但在传统的普通课堂里，我的能做的事是受限的。有了Summit Learning，我可以在项目中超出预期，或者在我准备好的时候提前学习新知识)”可推断，Summit Learning改变了传统的学习方式。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life(这是我一生中最棒的经历之一)”可知，作者对Summit Learning给予了极高的评价，认为这段经历是非常有意义、有价值的。 C A new study with teens in a high school theater program showed how positive feelings can push them to work hard. Students also learned ways to deal with their own and others’ bad feelings. The researchers interviewed students in this three-month theater program. This study showed how theater programs can support the development of teens’ ability to understand feelings. Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign started open-ended interviews to get a good understanding of one setting — a high school theater program. Ten teenagers were interviewed every two weeks over a three-month period while the theater group prepared a musical. The program provided a culture that helped them learn to deal well with the events and feelings connected to these different emotions. The adults set good examples for teens and helped them learn good ways to control strong feelings. The theater setting supported this process (过程) by putting the youth in situations where strong feelings may appear because hard work brought stress. Also, strong feelings were accepted and discussed openly with a culture of caring about others. “The development of ‘emotional intelligence’ (情商) is important to adult work and family life, but many young people arrive in adulthood with bad emotional skills,” according to Reed W. Larson, the study’s lead author. “Our research findings suggest how, under the right conditions, teenagers learn these skills. Although further research is needed, youth programs, such as the theater program, along with schools that provide these conditions may lead to better emotional intelligence.” 8．What did the new study find? A．Theater programs are popular among high schools. B．Doing theater helps teenagers deal with their moods. C．Emotional skills are important to student success. D．High school teaching is a performing art. 9．How did the researchers get information for the study? A．By holding interviews. B．By preparing a musical. C．By teaching at the local school. D．By reviewing students’ performances. 10．What can we say about the adults in the theater program? A．They experienced the same emotions as the teens. B．They were close observers of the program. C．They provided models for the students. D．They were in control of the new study. 11．What is Reed W. Larson’s attitude towards the theater program? A．Doubtful. B．Curious. C．Worried. D．Supportive. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 【导语】文章介绍了伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的一项研究：通过为期3个月的跟踪访谈发现，高中戏剧项目能营造包容的情绪交流氛围，在成年人的正向引导下帮助青少年学会管理自身和他人的情绪，有效提升情商，为成年后的工作与生活打下良好的情绪能力基础。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Students also learned ways to deal with their own and others’ bad feelings.(学生们还学会了处理自己和他人不良情绪的方法。)”以及“This study showed how theater programs can support the development of teens’ ability to understand feelings.(这项研究表明了戏剧项目如何支持青少年理解情绪能力的发展。)”可知，这项新研究发现参与戏剧项目有助于青少年处理和理解情绪。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign started open-ended interviews to get a good understanding of one setting — a high school theater program. Ten teenagers were interviewed every two weeks over a three-month period while the theater group prepared a musical.(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳 - 香槟分校的研究人员开展了开放式访谈，以此深入了解一个研究场景 —— 一个高中戏剧项目。在戏剧小组筹备一部音乐剧的三个月期间，研究人员每两周对十名青少年进行一次访谈。)”可知，研究人员是通过每两周对青少年进行一次开放式访谈来获取研究信息的。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“The adults set good examples for teens and helped them learn good ways to control strong feelings.(成年人为青少年树立了良好的榜样，并帮助他们学习控制强烈情绪的好方法。)”可知，成年人在项目中为学生们树立了榜样。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although further research is needed, youth programs, such as the theater program, along with schools that provide these conditions may lead to better emotional intelligence.(尽管还需要开展进一步研究，但诸如戏剧项目这类青少年活动项目，连同能够提供这类成长环境的学校，或许可以帮助青少年提升情商。)”可知，他认为戏剧项目有助于提升青少年的情商，对其持肯定和支持的态度。 D How to live a meaningful senior high life is a question worth thinking deeply. Senior high is a key period for personal growth and knowledge accumulation. 12 It shapes your personality and lays the foundation for your future. Balance study and rest wisely. Many students bury themselves in endless homework and skip rest time. 13 Tired minds cannot absorb new knowledge well. Proper relaxation keeps you energetic all day long. Active communication with teachers brings huge benefits. Teachers have rich experience and can offer professional learning advice. 14 You can clear up your confusion and adjust your study plans in time. Learn to cooperate with classmates in group tasks. Group work teaches you tolerance and teamwork spirit. 15 You can exchange ideas and learn strengths from each other. Cherish every minute of your teenage school days. Every effort you put in will finally bring rewards. 16 Hold on to your efforts and you will become a better self. A．This busy lifestyle easily leads to low learning efficiency. B．Talking with them after class solves many study problems. C．Rest is useless and only wastes your valuable study time. D．Cooperation helps you see problems from different angles. E．Make full use of every opportunity to improve yourself. F．You should refuse to take part in any group activities. G．It plays an important role in your whole life journey. 【答案】12．G 13．A 14．B 15．D 16．E 【导语】文章主要讲述了如何度过有意义的高中生活。 【详解】12．根据上文“Senior high is a key period for personal growth and knowledge accumulation.(高中是个人成长与知识积累的关键时期。)”和下文“It shapes your personality and lays the foundation for your future.(它塑造你的品格，为你的未来打下基础。)”可知，上下文都是描述高中阶段的重要性。G选项“它在你的整个人生旅程中扮演重要角色。”中It承接上文，继续强调高中在人生旅程中的重要作用，和下文“塑造性格，奠定未来基础” 构成并列，逻辑连贯。 13．根据上文“Many students bury themselves in endless homework and skip rest time.(很多学生埋头于无尽的作业，放弃休息时间。)”和下文“Tired minds cannot absorb new knowledge well.(疲惫的大脑无法很好地吸收新知识。)”可知，上文描述学生熬夜刷题、放弃休息的现象；下文说明大脑疲惫难以吸收知识。A选项“这种忙碌的生活方式很容易造成学习效率低下”承接现象，引出后面的不良后果。 14．根据文“Teachers have rich experience and can offer professional learning advice.(老师经验丰富，能够提供专业的学习建议。)”和下文“You can clear up your confusion and adjust your study plans in time.(你可以理清困惑，及时调整学习计划。)”可知，本段中心是和老师交流。B选项中的them指代上文的teachers，B选项“课后和他们交流能解决很多学习难题”衔接老师可以提供建议，以及下文化解疑惑、调整计划。 15．根据本段小标题“Learn to cooperate with classmates in group tasks.(学会在小组任务中和同学合作。)”可知，本段主题是小组合作。D选项“合作有助于你从不同角度看待问题”围绕cooperation展开，说明合作的好处。 16．根据上文“Every effort you put in will finally bring rewards.(你付出的每一份努力终会有所回报。)”和下文“Hold on to your efforts and you will become a better self.(坚持付出，你终将成为更好的自己。)”可知，本段的目标是呼吁学生珍惜在校时光，坚持努力提升自我。E选项“充分利用每一个提升自我的机会”承接上下文，呼应珍惜时光、持续努力，最终成就更好的自己。 二、完形填空 A long time ago there lived, in Pennsylvania, a little boy whose name was Benjamin West. He loved 17 . But he had never seen any pictures except a few in a book. His parents didn’t think it was 18 to spend money on such things. One day Benjamin’s mother went to a neighbor’s. So she told Benjamin to 19 his baby sister until she came back. He was 20 to do this, for he loved the baby. The baby was asleep, and he must not make a noise. For some time he sat very 21 and even heard the clock ticking. 22 , a fly landed on the baby’s cheek. Then he thought what a pretty picture might be made of his sister. He had no pencil, but there was a piece of black charcoal (木炭). He had no 23 , but he knew where there was a smooth board. How pretty the baby was! He began to 24 . The baby smiled but didn’t wake up. As often as he touched the charcoal to the smooth board, the picture 25 . So busy was he with the drawing that he didn’t even hear his mother’s footsteps as she came into the room. She watched him 26 the wonderful drawing in silence. When Benjamin’s father came home, his mother 27 him the picture. They were very proud. Several weeks later, there came a 28 to the home of the Wests. Benjamin’s parents showed him the picture. He looked for a long time and said, “This child has a wonderful 29 . He may be a(n) 30 to our country and the world when he grows up.” And the words of the old minister 31 . The pictures of Benjamin West made him famous. He was the first great American painter to achieve international fame. 17．A．sights B．pictures C．books D．movies 18．A．right B．interesting C．lucky D．funny 19．A．pick up B．look for C．think of D．look after 20．A．bored B．stupid C．brave D．glad 21．A．still B．safe C．surprised D．lonely 22．A．Generally B．Finally C．Suddenly D．Simply 23．A．paper B．pencil C．plan D．room 24．A．walk B．draw C．smile D．build 25．A．weighed B．counted C．disappeared D．grew 26．A．throw B．finish C．choose D．accept 27．A．asked B．showed C．taught D．reminded 28．A．stranger B．relative C．teacher D．minister 29．A．photo B．name C．idea D．gift 30．A．honor B．prize C．present D．goal 31．A．came up B．showed off C．came true D．turned up 【答案】 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．D 21．A 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．B 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．A 31．C 【导语】文章讲述了美国著名画家Benjamin West小时候热爱绘画，一次趁照看熟睡的妹妹时，他用木炭在光滑木板上画出妹妹的模样。一位牧师看到画作后称赞他很有天赋，后来预言成真，他成为了享誉世界的美国著名画家。 【详解】17．考查名词。句意：他喜爱图画。A. sights景象；B. pictures图画；C. books书籍；D. movies电影。根据下文“But he had never seen any pictures except a few in a book”可知，Benjamin喜爱图画。 18．考查形容词。句意：他的父母认为在这类东西上花钱是不妥当的。A. right恰当的，正确的；B. interesting有趣的；C. lucky幸运的；D. funny滑稽的。根据下文“to spend money on such things”可知，父母觉得不该为图画花钱，认为这样做并不合适。 19．考查动词短语。句意：于是她嘱咐Benjamin照看他的小妹妹，直到她回来。A. pick up捡起；B. look for寻找；C. think of想到；D. look after照看。根据上文“One day Benjamin’s mother went to a neighbor’s.”可知，妈妈让他照看睡着的妹妹。 20．考查形容词。句意：他很高兴做这件事，因为他很爱这个小婴儿。A. bored无聊的；B. stupid愚蠢的；C. brave勇敢的；D. glad高兴的。根据下文“for he loved the baby”可知，他乐意照看妹妹。 21．考查形容词。句意：有一段时间，他一动不动地坐着，甚至能听见时钟滴答作响。A. still静止的；B. safe安全的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. lonely孤独的。根据下文“even heard the clock ticking.”可知，他安静不动地坐着。 22．考查副词。句意：突然，一只苍蝇落在了婴儿的脸颊上。A. Generally大体上；B. Finally最终；C. Suddenly突然；D. Simply仅仅。根据上文“For some time he sat very ”可知，苍蝇落下是一件突如其来的小事。 23．考查名词。句意：他没有纸，但是他知道哪里有一块光滑的木板。A. paper纸；B. pencil铅笔；C. plan计划；D. room空间。根据下文“but he knew where there was a smooth board”可知，没有纸就用木板代替。 24．考查动词。句意：他开始画画。A. walk走路；B. draw绘画；C. smile微笑；D. build建造。根据上文“Then he thought what a pretty picture might be made of his sister”可知，他打算画妹妹的样子，于是开始作画。 25．考查动词。句意：每当他把木炭在光滑的木板上划过，这幅画就一点点成形。A. weighed称重；B. counted数数；C. disappeared消失；D. grew逐渐形成，变大。根据上文“As often as he touched the charcoal to the smooth board”可知，随着一笔一笔地画，画面渐渐成型。 26．考查动词。句意：她默默地看着他完成这幅绝妙的画作。A. throw扔掉；B. finish完成；C. choose选择；D. accept接受。根据下文“When Benjamin’s father came home, his mother him the picture”可知，Benjamin完成了这幅画，妈妈之后拿给爸爸看。 27．考查动词。句意：当本杰明的爸爸回到家时，妈妈把这幅画拿给他看。A. asked询问；B. showed展示；C. taught教；D. reminded提醒。根据上文“She watched him the wonderful drawing in silence”以及下文“When Benjamin’s father came home”可知，画已经完成，妈妈拿给爸爸看，show sb. sth. 表示“把某物展示给某人看”。 28．考查名词。句意：几周之后，有一位牧师来到了West一家。A. stranger陌生人；B. relative亲戚；C. teacher老师；D. minister牧师。根据下文“And the words of the old minister”可知，来客是牧师。 29．考查名词。句意：他看了很久，说道：“这个孩子有着非凡的天赋。长大后，他或许会成为我们国家乃至全世界的荣耀。”A. photo照片；B. name名字；C. idea想法；D. gift天赋。根据下文“He may be a(n) to our country and the world when he grows up”可知，牧师夸赞男孩有绘画天赋。 30．考查名词。句意：他看了很久，说道：“这个孩子有着非凡的天赋。长大后，他或许会成为我们国家乃至全世界的荣耀。”A. honor荣耀；B. prize奖品；C. present礼物；D. goal目标。根据下文“The pictures of Benjamin West made him famous”可知，牧师预言男孩会成为国家乃至全世界的荣耀。 31．考查动词短语。句意：这位老牧师的话应验了。A. came up被提出；B. showed off炫耀；C. came true成为现实；D. turned up出现。根据下文“The pictures of Benjamin West made him famous. He was the first great American painter to achieve international fame”可知，牧师的预言实现了。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a new school year begins, 32 (open) your mind to new experiences will help you make friends and discover new interests. Being open-minded means trying to understand other people’s thoughts and ideas, trying new experiences and exploring different ways of doing things, which is 33 (true) valuable. There are lots of benefits for having 34 open mind. First, you 35 (encourage) to learn new things about the world and the people around you. This makes you feel more positive and 36 (confidence) about facing challenges. Besides, having an interest in other people 37 (help) you understand and share their feelings. Being open to fresh ideas can also help develop exciting new ones of your own. 38 (become) more curious and open-minded, start by asking questions. If you’re unsure about joining a new club, ask 39 (you) what’s stopping you. Imagine how it feels to learn a new skill, meet new people and make friends. Don’t jump to a sudden decision but give yourself time to think about it first. If someone says something 40 you disagree with, then instead of deciding they are wrong or arguing back, take a moment to consider why they have that opinion. Finally, open your mind to new ideas. Even if you think you’re an expert on a subject, there is always 41 (much) you need to learn. 【答案】 32．opening 33．truly 34．an 35．are encouraged 36．confident 37．helps 38．To become 39．yourself 40．that 41．more 【导语】主要介绍了拥有开放心态的好处以及如何培养好奇心与开放的心态。 【详解】32．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着新学年的开始，敞开心扉接受新体验将帮助你结交朋友并发现新的兴趣。此处动名词作句子主语，open 的动名词形式 opening。 33．考查副词。句意：思想开明意味着努力理解他人的想法、尝试新体验以及探索不同的做事方式，这确实很有价值。此处修饰形容词valuable，要用副词形式，true的副词是truly。 34．考查冠词。句意：拥有开放的心态有很多好处。mind为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，结合句意，此处表示“一个开放的心态”，为泛指意义，且open是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。 35．考查动词语态。句意：首先，你会被鼓励去了解关于这个世界和身边人的新鲜事物。描述客观道理用一般现在时，主语you和encourage之间为被动关系，所以使用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语是you，be动词为are。 36．考查形容词。句意：这会让你在面对挑战时感到更加积极和自信。and连接并列形容词作表语，confidence是名词，其形容词形式confident表示“自信的”。 37．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，对他人抱有兴趣能够帮助你理解并共情他们的感受。此处为谓语动词，本文为一般现在时，主语having an interest in other people是动名词短语作主语，视为单数，所以谓语动词用helps。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了变得更好奇、思想更开放，可以从提问开始。此处用非谓语动词作状语，表示为了达成后面的目标，所以使用动词不定式形式to become作目的状语，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 39．考查反身代词。句意：如果你不确定是否加入一个新社团，问问你自己是什么在阻碍你。此处表示你自己，主语是you，对应的反身代词是yourself。 40．考查定语从句。句意：如果有人说了一些你不认同的话，不要直接判定他们是错的或者反驳，花一点时间思考他们为什么持有那样的观点。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为something，关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，只能用关系代词that。 41．考查形容词比较级。句意：即使你认为自己是某个领域的专家，总有更多东西需要你去学习。结合句意，此处暗含对比，表示更多的内容，much的比较级是more。 四、书信写作 42．假定你是李华，你的朋友Peter刚上高中，他对丰富的社团活动感到兴奋，但是又担心会影响学习，不知如何选择和管理时间。请给他写封回信，内容包括： 1. 表示理解； 2. 提出针对性的建议并说明理由。 注意事项：100词左右；可适当添加细节，使行文更为连贯。 Dear Peter, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Peter, I am sorry to hear that you are excited about various club activities in high school but worried that they may affect your studies. I totally understand your confusion. Here are my suggestions. First, choose one or two clubs you are truly interested in instead of joining too many, because too many activities will take up much of your time. Second, arrange your time carefully and put your schoolwork first. Clubs are meant to enrich your life rather than ruin your studies. If you can balance them well, club activities will benefit you a lot. Hope my advice will be helpful. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给Peter写封回信，对他所提到的情况表示理解，并提出针对性的建议以及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 激动的：excited → thrilled 困惑：confusion → bewilderment 建议：suggestion→proposal 有帮助的：helpful → beneficial 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Second, arrange your time carefully and put your schoolwork first. 拓展句：Second, it is important that you (should) arrange your time carefully and put your schoolwork first. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am sorry to hear that you are excited about various club activities in high school but worried that they may affect your studies.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 【高分句型2】If you can balance them well, club activities will benefit you a lot.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $