学考专题06 冠词：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题06 冠词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 不定冠词a/an 考点二 定冠词the 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 冠词是课标附录 3“词类”条目下不带星号的基础项目——不定冠词、定冠词与零冠词的基本用法全部属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着冠词不存在“学考不考”的部分，且它是单项选择与语法填空的高频考点，复习重点是“用对”而不是“学会”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 冠词 不定冠词 a / an 的基本用法 必修 掌握泛指“一个”、首次提及、数量与频率、职业身份等用法；能按发音（而非首字母）选择 a / an 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 定冠词 the 的基本用法 必修 掌握特指、回指、独一无二、序数词与最高级前、the + 形容词表一类人等用法 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 零冠词 必修 掌握复数与不可数名词泛指、三餐球类学科、by + 交通工具、人名地名等零冠词情形 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 冠词的有无与意义差别 必修 掌握 go to school / go to the school、in hospital / in the hospital 等成对短语的辨析 熟练掌握 单项选择 冠词与专有名词 必修 掌握 the Great Wall、the Yangtze River、the Summer Palace 等“the + 普通词”构成的专有名词 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 边界 说明 序数词、最高级与冠词的搭配 必修 the + 序数词、the + 最高级；the + 比较级 + of the two 表“两者中较……的” 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 固定搭配中的冠词 教材常规 课标未在冠词条目下单列，但固定搭配（in the end、by accident、play a role in）是学考最稳定的失分点 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空 冠词与抽象名词具体化 必修 理解抽象名词被具体化时加 a / an（a success、a pleasure、a must）与泛指时零冠词的对照 正确理解和使用 单项选择 ★ 层级解读 ● 冠词条目全部不带星号，属“必修且应熟练掌握”层级——这是课标附录 3 中与动词时态、名词单复数并列的基础项目。学考对冠词的要求不是“认识”，而是“用对”。 ● 最稳定的两个考法：一是按发音选 a / an（hour、honest、university、useful 四词几乎年年出现）；二是泛指与特指的判断（题干给出上下文，要求补出恰当冠词或判断是否该有冠词）。 ● 零冠词与固定搭配是失分重灾区。这两块没有规则可循，只能整块记忆，因此必须靠专项清单反复过，而不是靠“理解”。 ● 本讲义的分层口径：必修＝课标附录 3 不带星号；教材常规＝课标未单列但教材与学业水平考试均涉及。冠词没有选修（提高类）条目，本讲义不设超纲内容。 ★ 易错提醒｜冠词的“基础”不等于“不会错” 冠词是最基础的语法项目，却是学考单项选择中最稳定的失分点。原因有三： 原因一：考点高度依赖语境。同一个空，上文换了限定语，答案就从 a 变成 the——不读完句子就无从判断，这与“背规则就能答”的预期相反。 原因二：汉语没有对应词。英语用冠词表达“泛指／特指”，汉语靠语序和量词表达，中国学生会习惯性漏冠词，尤其是“可数名词单数不能裸奔”这条硬约束。 原因三：易错点极其集中。元音音素误判（a hour）、成对短语混淆（in hospital / in the hospital）、固定搭配记错（in the end 写成 in end）——三类错误占冠词失分的绝大多数。 本讲义的处理方式：按“三分支 → a/an → the → 零冠词 → 有无对比 → 固定搭配”的顺序展开，每个知识点配速查表与易错提示，目标是把这三类集中失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 单项选择 冠词十年累计约 20—30 题，是最稳定的语法考点之一 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 冠词不可因“简单”而跳过，它考的是细节判断 最稳定考法 按发音选择 a / an，hour、honest、university、useful 反复出现 “看发音不看字母”必须形成条件反射 第二稳定考法 泛指与特指的语境判断（给出上下文补冠词，或判断该不该有冠词） 先读完整句，再定冠词的有无与形式 语法填空 冠词设空多为固定搭配（the same as、in the end）或特指判断 固定搭配中的冠词要整块记，不能现场推导 完形填空 成对短语的语境辨析（in hospital / in the hospital 一类） 把两个形式都代回句子读一遍，取通顺者 书面表达 漏冠词、多冠词直接影响语言准确度 写作中“可数名词单数必须有冠词”要自查 干扰项设计 多为“元音音素误判”“泛指特指混淆”“固定搭配记错”三类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近年各地学考与全国卷冠词题的命题走向 ● “元音音素”题长考不衰，且逐年提高隐蔽性。典型真题：It is an honest boy.（h 不发音）／a university student（首字母是元音字母，读音却以辅音 /j/ 开头）／a useful suggestion（2023 云南）／an apple a day（2023 江苏）。命题人专挑“看着像 an、读着是 a”的词设坑。 ● 特指判断高度依赖上下文，单纯考规则的题在减少。如 2021 年山西题：From the top of Mount Tai, you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.——第一空由 of Mount Tai 限定而为特指，第二空泛指一处景色。两个空都不能靠规则直接推出。 ● 固定搭配中的冠词是语法填空的常客。如 2025 年陕西学业水平考试语法填空中考查 the same as；in the 1960s、pave the way for、play a role in 等也是反复出现的搭配。 ● 独一无二与序数词、最高级仍是基础得分点。the moon（2019 河北，嫦娥四号登月语篇）、the first time、the most important 等属于“必须拿下”的低档题。 ● 成对短语辨析向语篇深处走。in hospital / in the hospital、take place / take the place of 一类辨析，更多嵌在完形填空的语境中，要求考生“读完整段再选”。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先问泛指还是特指 拿到冠词空先问一句“这是泛指还是特指”：泛指 → 可数单数用 a / an，复数与不可数零冠词；特指（双方已知、上文提过、被短语限定、独一无二）→ the 泛指特指混淆、漏冠词 再按发音定 a / an 看读音的第一个音素，不看首字母：h 不发音（hour、honest）用 an；u 读 /j/（university、useful、usual）用 a；字母数字看读音（an “S”、a “U”） a / an 误判 后固化搭配 把必须用 the 的 12 个搭配与零冠词的四类情形单独列表，每天三分钟滚动过；成对短语（in hospital / in the hospital）成对记，一次记两个 固定搭配记错、成对短语混淆 2.1 冠词三分支与判断两问 不定冠词　a / an 定冠词　the 零冠词（不填） 泛指“一个”：第一次提到的人或物 特指：双方都知道、上文提过、被短语限定 复数、不可数名词表泛指：Books are our friends. 表数量、频率：once a week、three times a day 独一无二：the earth、the sun、the moon、the world 三餐、球类、学科、节日：have lunch、play basketball 表职业、身份：be a teacher / become a doctor 序数词、最高级前：the first、the most beautiful by + 交通工具：by bus / bike / plane 可数名词单数不能单独出现，前面必须有冠词 the + 形容词表一类人：the rich、the old、the young 人名、地名（大多数）：China、Beijing、Mr. Smith ★ 冠词判断两问（做题时按顺序问，答完即可定答案） 第一问：泛指还是特指？泛指 → a / an（可数单数）或零冠词（复数、不可数）；特指 → the。 第二问：可数名词单数作主语、宾语、表语时，前面必须有冠词——不是 a / an 就是 the，绝不能空着。 记忆主线：泛指用 a / an，特指用 the，复数不可数零冠词；固定搭配单独记。 冠词形式 核心语义 典型情形 例词 / 例句 a / an 泛指“一个” 首次提及；数量与频率；职业、身份；抽象名词具体化 a book、once a week、be a teacher、a success the 特指“那个／那些” 双方已知；上文提过；被短语限定；独一无二；序数词、最高级前 the door、the book I bought、the sun、the first 零冠词 泛指或表类别 复数、不可数名词泛指；三餐球类学科；by + 交通工具；人名地名 Books are useful.、have lunch、by bus、China ★ 易错提醒｜“可数名词单数不能裸奔”是最高频的漏填 可数名词以单数形式作主语、宾语、表语时，前面必须有冠词——不是 a / an 就是 the，绝不能空着。 He is my friend.（√）｜He is a friend of mine.（√）｜He is friend.（×，缺少冠词） 判断顺序：先确认名词是可数单数，再按泛指／特指选 a / an 或 the。复数（friends）与不可数（friendship）泛指时才零冠词。 特别警示：三餐名词被特指或修饰时要加冠词——I had a quick breakfast.（一顿很快的早餐）｜The lunch was delicious.（那顿午餐） 2.2 不定冠词 a / an 的用法与音素判断 用 an（读音以元音音素开头） 用 a（读音以辅音音素开头） 字母、数字类 字母、数字类 字母 A、E、F、H、I、L、M、N、O、R、S、X（读音以元音开头） 例：There is an “S” in the word. / an 8-year-old boy / an MP4 字母 B、C、D、G、J、K、P、Q、T、U、V、W、Y、Z（读音以辅音开头） 例：a “U” / a UFO / a one-way street / a European country 普通词类 普通词类 hour、honest、honor、orange、umbrella、uncle、egg、apple、ink、art、arm、idea、old university、useful、usual、uniform、human、house、horse、year、young、week ★ 三条铁律（元音音素题的设坑点全在这里） 铁律一：判断依据是发音，不是字母。 an hour（h 不发音）、a university（读音以辅音 /j/ 开头）、an honest boy（h 不发音）、a useful book（/j/）。 铁律二：字母与数字看读音。 an “S”、an “MP3”、an 8-year-old boy；a “U”、a UFO、a one-way street、a European。 铁律三：拼写变形不影响读音判断。 an hour → half an hour；a university → universities 前仍按读音选 a（复数本身不用冠词）。 用法 说明 例句 泛指“一个” 第一次提到的人或物，只求“有一个”，不特指哪一个 I have a new bike. / There is an apple on the table. 回指转特指 同一名词第二次出现时改用 the I bought a book. The book is very interesting. 数量与频率 表“每一”“每……”的用法，相当于 per three times a week、60 kilometres an hour、an apple a day 职业与身份 作表语或同位语，表示职业、身份、类别 She is an engineer. / Lu Xun, a great writer, was born in 1881. 抽象名词具体化 抽象名词指“一件具体的事”时，加 a / an a success、a pleasure、a surprise、a must、a knowledge of English 固定搭配 少数搭配只能用 a / an have a rest、in a word、as a result、at a loss、a number of ★ 易错提醒｜元音音素题的四个“陷阱词” 陷阱一：h 不发音。an hour、an honest boy、an honour——h 不发音，首音素是元音，必须用 an。 陷阱二：u 读 /j/。a university、a useful book、a usual habit、a uniform——首字母是元音字母，读音却以辅音 /j/ 开头，必须用 a。 陷阱三：字母与数字看读音。an “S”、an “MP3”、an 8-year-old boy；a “U”、a UFO、a one-way street、a European country。 陷阱四：拼写变形不改读音判断。half an hour（hour 仍是元音开头）；a university → universities（复数本身不用冠词，谈不上 a / an）。 判断口诀：先小声读出来，再定 a 或 an——读出来就不会错。 2.3 定冠词 the 的八类用法 用法类别 典型例词 / 例句 记忆锚点 特指：双方都知道 Close the door, please. / How is the weather? 对话双方心里清楚是哪一扇门、哪种天气 回指：上文提过 I bought a book. The book is interesting. 第一次用 a / an，第二次用 the 被短语限定 The boy in red is my brother. 后置定语、介词短语使其唯一 独一无二的事物 the earth、the sun、the moon、the world、the sky 世上只有一个，天然特指 序数词与最高级 the first lesson、the most important、the third time the + 序数词 / 最高级 山川、河海、群体 the Great Wall、the Yangtze River、the Pacific 由普通词构成的专有名词 the + 形容词 / 国籍 the rich、the poor、the old、the young、the Chinese 表“一类人”或“某国民族总称” 乐器与姓氏复数 play the piano、the Greens（格林一家） 乐器必加 the；the + 姓氏复数表全家 ★ 两个高频对比（学考最常考的两组） ① the + 比较级 + of the two 表“两者中较……的”：Tom is the taller of the two.；但 She is taller than me.（泛指身高比较，前面不加 the） ② the + 单数可数名词表类别，a + 单数也表类别，但侧重不同：The horse is a useful animal.（全类概括）｜A horse is a useful animal.（任一匹即如此） 用法 规则要点 例句 特指（双方已知） 说话双方心里清楚是哪一个人或物 Close the door, please. / How is the weather? 回指 上文已经提过，再次提到时用 the He saw a dog. The dog was very cute. 被短语限定 名词后有定语从句、介词短语、分词短语等限定 The boy in red is my brother. / The book on the desk is mine. 独一无二 世上只有一个的事物 the earth、the sun、the moon、the world、the sky 序数词与最高级 the + 序数词；the + 最高级；the + 比较级 + of the two the first lesson、the most important、Tom is the taller of the two. 山川、河海与群体 由普通词构成的专有名词；姓氏复数表“某一家” the Great Wall、the Yangtze River、the Pacific、the Greens the + 形容词 / 国籍 表“一类人”或“某国民族总称”，谓语按复数 the rich、the old、the young、the Chinese、the English 乐器 西洋乐器前必须加 the；球类、棋类不加 play the piano / the violin；play basketball / chess ★ 易错提醒｜“the + 形容词”与“the + 国籍”的谓语一律用复数 the + 形容词表一类人时，谓语动词用复数：The old are taken good care of here. the + 国籍（the Chinese、the English、the Japanese、the French）同样表总称，谓语用复数：The Chinese are hard-working. 注意区分：the number of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语；a number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语。The number of the students is 50.（学生数是 50）｜A number of students are playing on the playground.（许多学生在玩） 另一处高频对比：by the way（顺便问一下，固定搭配）与 in the way（挡路）——一字之差，意义全变。 2.4 零冠词与有无冠词对比 不加冠词 加 the 前者的含义 后者的含义 go to school go to the school 去上学（学生身份） 去那所学校（不一定是学生） in hospital in the hospital 生病住院 在医院里（工作、探望等） in front of in the front of 在……（外部的）前面 在……（内部的）前部 by sea by the sea 乘船（＝ by ship） 在海边 take place take the place of 发生、举行 取代、接替 out of question out of the question 毫无疑问 完全不可能 in charge of in the charge of 负责……（主动） 由……负责（被动） at table at the table 在吃饭 在桌子旁（不一定吃饭） 判断纪律：遇到这类短语，先把两个形式都代回句子读一遍，取意义通顺的那个。 记忆窍门：抽象行为（上学、住院、吃饭）通常零冠词；具体场所（那所学校、那家医院）才加 the。 零冠词情形 规则要点 例词 / 例句 复数、不可数泛指 表泛指或类别时不用冠词 Books are our friends. / Failure is the mother of success. 三餐 breakfast、lunch、dinner、supper 泛指时零冠词；被修饰或特指时加 a / the have breakfast；a quick breakfast；The lunch was delicious. 球类、棋类 play + 球类／棋类名词，零冠词；乐器必加 the play basketball / chess；play the piano by + 交通工具 by bus / bike / train / plane / air，零冠词；但 in / on + 交通工具要加冠词 by bus；in a bus；on a train 季节、月份、星期 in spring / summer…；in June / July…；on Monday… in spring、in June、on Monday（但 in the morning / afternoon / evening） 人名、地名 大多数人名与地名零冠词；由普通词构成的专有名词加 the China、Beijing、Mr. Smith；the Great Wall、the Summer Palace 学科、语言 school subjects 与语言零冠词 study English / physics；但 a knowledge of English 要加 a 固定搭配 at noon / at night / go to school / go to bed 等 at noon、at night、go to school、go to bed ★ 易错提醒｜成对短语“一次记两个”，考场才不会混 记忆方法：把成对短语写成对照卡片，正面写“无冠词版”，背面写“有 the 版＋含义”，每天翻一遍，连续两周即可固化。 做题纪律：遇到 in hospital / in the hospital 一类选项，先把两个形式都代回句子读一遍，取意义通顺的那个，不要凭语感抢答。 特别注意 in the morning / afternoon / evening 要用 the，但 at noon / at night / at dawn 却零冠词——这是最容易被“季节零冠词”规则误导的一组。 另记一组：in front of（在外部前面）｜in the front of（在内部前部）There is a tree in front of the classroom.（教室外的前面）｜The teacher's desk is in the front of the classroom.（教室内的前部） 2.5 高频固定搭配速查 必须用 a / an 必须用 the 零冠词（四类） have a rest / a cold / a good time the same as、in the end、by the way 三餐：have breakfast / lunch / dinner in a word、as a result、at a loss on the whole、in the 1960s、the Great Wall 球类棋类：play basketball / chess a number of 许多；a great many 相当多 in the morning / afternoon / evening by + 交通工具：by bus / train / air play a role in、make a difference、do a good job at the same time、on the other hand 季节、月份、星期：in spring / in June / on Monday ★ 三条秒判信号（单项选择、语法填空通用） 信号一：空前有 very / quite / such / what / half 且修饰单数可数名词 → 用 a / an，且按发音选 an：quite an interesting story、half an hour。 信号二：空前有序数词、最高级、only、same，或空后有 of / in / on 引出的限定短语 → 用 the。 信号三：抽象名词、物质名词表泛指，或复数名词表泛指 → 零冠词：Failure is the mother of success.（失败乃成功之母，两处均无冠词） 考点一：不定冠词a/an 例1. (2025年6月福建省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) One of the best things about living in China is the safety. As 31 woman, I would not walk home alone in the dark in my home country. 【答案】31．a 【详解】31．考查冠词。句意：作为一位女性，在我的国家，我不敢在黑暗中独自步行回家”。空后名词woman为可数名词单数，此处泛指首次提到，应填不定冠词a。 例2. （2025年云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）It hurt me 44 lot and I started to cry. My father encouraged me to stand (stand) up and try again. Finally, I was able to ride the bike. 【答案】44. a 【详解】44．考查固定搭配和冠词。句意：这让我非常痛苦，于是我开始哭泣起来。由空后lot可知，空处需用不定冠词a，a lot“很，非常”，用来修饰动词hurt。故填a。 例3. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷) Hongxia’s art has also been internationally recognized. In 2014, when Michelle Obama paid 41 visit to Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province, she created multicolored papercuts for the then-US first lady and her family. 【答案】41．a 【详解】41．考查冠词。句意：2014年，美国第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马访问陕西省省会西安时，她为当时的美国第一夫人及其家人创作了彩色剪纸。pay a visit to...是固定短语，意为“访问……”。故填a。 1．The earliest batch (一批) of tea has better flavor than the later batches which can be grown overnight. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：最早的一批茶比可以一夜长成的后期批次有更好的风味。此处表示“一种更好的风味”，better是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应使用不定冠词a。 2．While significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：虽然相当数量的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这片森林食物链中的一个环节。固定搭配a number of，意为“许多，大量”。且significant为辅音音素开头的形容词，前边应使用不定冠词a。 3．I don’t like to make friends with people who don’t make effort. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：我不喜欢和不努力的人交朋友。句中make an effort为固定短语，意为“努力，尽力”，effort发音以元音音素开头，故使用不定冠词an。 4．The news made us in mess, but what we could only do is going forward. 【答案】a 【详解】考查固定短语、冠词。句意：这个消息让我们陷入一片混乱，但我们唯一能做的就是继续前进。“in a mess”为固定短语，意为“一团糟，混乱”。故填 a。 考点二： 定冠词the 例1.( 2025年陕西省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) When asked (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, he replied with determination, “Why not? We Chinese are able to make 42 same things that other people make.” 【答案】42．the 【详解】42．考查冠词。句意：当被问及“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”时，他坚定地回答：“为什么不能？我们中国人有能力制造和其他人一样的东西。”这里考查the same，为固定搭配，意为“同样的”。故填the。 例2. (2026年辽宁省大连市高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) This song is so popular that it was even used in an Italian opera. It is often 44 first Chinese song that many foreigners learn. 【答案】44．the 【详解】44．考查冠词。句意：这通常是许多外国人学的第一首中文歌曲。此处为固定用法“the +序数词+名词”，表示“第几……”，用定冠词the。故填the。 例3. (2024年湖北省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) 1,000 senior high school students were asked to fill in an online questionnaire (问卷) about their likes and dislikes …... Nearly half of 41 teenagers think that their schedules are too busy. 【答案】41．the 【详解】考查定冠词，句意：近一半的青少年认为他们的日程安排太紧了。此处用定冠词特指上文提到的接受在线问卷调查的那些高中生，故填the。 1． progress we have made in study is mostly due to our own efforts and teachers’ guidance. 【答案】The 【详解】句意：我们在学习上取得的进步主要归功于自身努力与老师指导。此处特指学习上的进步，表特指用定冠词the，句首单词，首字母大写。 2．We should make most of our free time to develop our hobbies and interests. 【答案】the 【详解】句意：我们应该充分利用空闲时间来培养爱好和兴趣。make the most of 为固定搭配，意为“充分利用”，空格处用定冠词the。 3．After that, everything was ready and the boys entered the hole with Tom in lead. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词、固定短语。句意：在那之后，一切都准备好了，男孩们在汤姆的带领下进入了洞穴。in the lead是固定短语，意为“领先，带头”，此处表示在汤姆的带领下，符合语境，故填the。 4．Learning ballet is very hard, but you should accept challenge. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：学芭蕾舞很难，但你应该接受挑战。此处特指学芭蕾舞的挑战，应该用定冠词the。故填the。 5． number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 【答案】The 【详解】考查冠词。句意：地震中死亡或重伤的人数超过40万。分析句子可知，这里考查the number of，表“……数目”，为固定搭配，符合句意，且句首时首字母应大写。故填The。 6．They told us that they climbed second highest mountain in their country last week. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：他们告诉我们他们上周攀登上了他们国家的第二高山。分析句子结构可知，序数词放在形容词的最高级前面，故用定冠词修饰。所以要填定冠词the。 一、单项选择 1．I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我通常和同学们在学校吃午饭。表示“吃午饭”用固定短语have lunch，中间不用冠词。 2．—Karm, what are you doing? —I’m reading an article. ________ article is about Dazhou. A．A B．An C．The 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Karm，你正在做什么？——我正在读一篇文章。这篇文章是关于达州的。根据“I’m reading an article”可知，前文已经提到了这篇文章，故后句特指前文提到的同一篇文章，需用定冠词the表示特指。 3．There is ________ English-Chinese dictionary on the desk. A．a B．an C．/ D．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：书桌上有一本英汉词典。此处表示泛指“一本英汉词典”，且English-Chinese的发音以元音音素/ɪ/开头，故用不定冠词an。 4．My father likes sports. He is good at playing ________ soccer. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我爸爸喜欢运动。他擅长踢足球。球类运动前不加冠词。 5．—Do you want to play _________ basketball with me? —I’d like to, but we don’t have _________ basketball here. A．/; / B．a; / C．/; a D．the; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想要和我一起打篮球吗？——我很乐意。但是我们这里没有篮球。由语境可知，第一个空指的是“打篮球”这项运动，球类运动前零冠词，play basketball“打篮球”；第二个空表示泛指“一个篮球”，且basketball以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a。 6．We all agree that honesty is ________ most precious virtue in our daily interpersonal communication. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们都认可，诚实是日常人际交往中最珍贵的美德。空后most precious为形容词最高级，句中有限定范围“in our daily interpersonal communication”，形容词最高级修饰名词，表示特定范围内程度最高的人或事物时，前面必须加定冠词the。 7．Olives are technically ______ stone fruit, which means that they have a pit in ______ middle — similar to cherries, peaches, and mangoes. A．a; 不填 B．不填; the C．a; the D．the; 不填 【答案】C 【详解】考查冠词。句意：严格来说，橄榄属于核果类，这意味着它们中心有果核——与樱桃、桃子和芒果相似。第一个空泛指一种核果，且stone发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰；第二个空是固定短语in the middle，意为“在中间”。故选C项。 8．In ______ addition to using solar energy, our company also takes ______ advantage of wind energy to care about our environment. A．an; an B．不填；不填 C．an; the D．the; an 【答案】B 【详解】考查冠词。句意：除了使用太阳能，我们公司还利用风能来关心我们的环境。第一空为固定搭配in addition to“除了……之外”；第二空为固定短语take advantage of“利用”，空处无需任何冠词。故选B项。 9．With Bill in lead, the explorers entered the forest which is home to many wild animals. A．the; a B．不填; a C．a; the D．the;不填 【答案】D 【详解】考查冠词。句意：在比尔的带领下，探险者们进入了这片森林，这里居住着许多野生动物。with sb. in the lead固定搭配，意为“在某人的带领下”，be home to固定搭配，意为“……的栖息地，……之家”，故选D。 10．Cindy’s dream is to become ________ artist. She believes it can come true. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】考查冠词。句意：辛迪的梦想是成为一名艺术家。她相信这是可以实现的。artist为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词；而且artist以元音音素开头，应用an。故选B项。 二、单句语法填空 1．Although we are culturally different, we are one team in the race. Before each race, the team would stand in circle and cheer loudly. (冠词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】句意：虽然我们的文化不同，但我们在比赛中是一支球队。每场比赛前，球队都会围成一圈，大声欢呼。结合语境可知，此处表示泛指，circle为单数名词，且为辅音音素开头的单词，其前用不定冠词a。 2．It is great satisfaction to know the hero finally awoke. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】a 【详解】句意：得知那位英雄终于苏醒过来，这让人感到极大的满足。根据“great satisfaction”可知，此处表示“一件令人满意的事”，需用不定冠词，great发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。 3．To tell you truth, I have never been abroad. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】the 【详解】句意：说实话，我从未出过国。to tell you the truth是固定短语，意为“说实话”，用定冠词the。 4．We finally drew conclusion after the debate. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】句意：辩论之后，我们最终得出了一个结论。draw a conclusion是固定短语，意为“得出结论”。 5．In Forbidden City, the dragons, whether flying in the sky, leaping between beams (梁), or hidden in the details, all tell ancient stories. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】the 【详解】句意：在故宫，这些龙，无论翱翔于天际、腾跃于梁枋之间，还是藏在细节之中，都诉说着古老的故事。空格后是专有名词Forbidden City，是独一无二的专有名词，前面需要加定冠词the表特指。 6．The next year, he ordered that day after Hanshi Day should be known as Qingming Festival, a day to honor the dead. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】the 【详解】句意：第二年，他下令寒食节之后的那一天应当被称为清明节，一个缅怀逝者的日子。空格后为名词day，后面有后置定语after Hanshi Day，特指寒食节后的那一天，表特指要用定冠词the。 7．The new playground is twice size of the old one. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】the 【详解】句意：这个新操场是旧操场面积的两倍。倍数表达：倍数+the+名词+of。twice the size of意为“是……的两倍大”，名词size前面要用定冠词the。 8．On decrease, the number of wild birds in this area worries scientists. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】the 【详解】句意：这一地区野生鸟类的数量正在减少，这让科学家们感到担忧。固定搭配on the decrease表示“在减少”，本空用定冠词the。 9．Nancy, adorable girl, is outgoing and always gives warm help to her classmates at school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】an 【详解】句意：南希，一个可爱的女孩，性格外向，在学校总是热心帮助同学。girl是可数名词单数，此处为泛指一个女孩，adorable以元音音素/ə/开头，所以用不定冠词an；an adorable girl作Nancy的同位语，意为“一个可爱的女孩”。 10．This got me thinking how English can be crazy language to learn. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】句意：这让我不禁思考，英语竟会是一门学起来很让人头疼的语言。此处language为泛指，且crazy是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故用a。 一、阅读理解 A Madrid is a popular destination which is considered a city of contrasts with its plentiful historic sites, resting in the shadows of modern skyscrapers. History This city of over 3 million people is proud of Western Europe’s largest royal palace, and some consider it to be Madrid’s most beautiful building. Inside the royal palace 2,800 rooms are decorated in glory with museum quality furniture and artworks. Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms. Shopping Madrid has some of Europe’s best shopping malls, and potential buyers love to look through the stores looking for bargains. But for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as the Rastro which is noted for selling everything from antiques to CDs. Entertainment No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain’s famous art form, flamenco. Every day, flamenco performers sing, dance or play the guitar in small cafes and grand theaters alike. Food Madrid has a wide variety of restaurants but because the Spanish typically eat late at about 9 or 10 pm, it’s difficult to find good dinner food earlier. If you get hungry before then, the best solution is to try a tapas bar where light snacks are served. Be sure to try the jamon,a kind of dry-cured ham: Spain is famous for it. 1．What do we know about the royal palace in Madrid? A．It can hold 2,800 people. B．It offers 50 rooms for visit. C．It’s been visited by 3 million people. D．It is thought to be the largest palace in Europe. 2．What is the Rastro famous for? A．Good dinner food. B．Various goods. C．Its art performances. D．Its special location. 3．What is a must when travelling in Madrid according to the text? A．Touring the Royal Palace. B．Photographing fine artworks. C．Enjoying flamenco. D．Tasting light snacks. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了马德里这一城市的相关信息。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据History部分“Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.(游客可以参观其中50个宽敞而华丽的房间)”可知，马德里的the royal palace可以提供50个房间给游客参观。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Shopping部分“But for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as the Rastro which is noted for selling everything from antiques to CDs.(但500年来，购物者聚集在一个名为Rastro的超大户外跳蚤市场，该市场以出售从古董到CD的所有东西而闻名)”可知，Rastro因出售多样化的商品而闻名。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Entertainment部分“No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain’s famous art form, flamenco.(没有看过西班牙著名艺术形式弗拉门戈的表演，马德里之旅就不完整)”可知，去马德里旅行时，如果不观看flamenco，那么这次旅行就是不完整的，即flamenco是去马德里旅行必须要参观的。故选C。 B One afternoon in 2026, something on the Internet caught my eye: a tiny hedgehog (刺猬) held by a big hand. The post read: “HELP! My hedgehog abandoned (抛弃) her two babies, and I cannot raise both of them because I have to go to school full time. Good home with experience needed as soon as possible!” I had no experience with baby hedgehogs. I was an animal person and had raised cats, dogs, birds, and guinea pigs. But this tiny animal was new to me, and it touched me that he was abandoned, that maybe I could love him and be the best mom for him. I wrote the most heartfelt email I could. That was how I found my Louie. True to my word, he was my baby. Louie didn’t know he was a hedgehog. He never curled (蜷缩) into a ball, and he liked my two cats, no fear. The cats, however, were afraid of him, as he often moved into the room, running after the cats and blocking my way. By the time he reached old age, Louie had only three feet. However, he still managed to climb the stairs to visit other animals. He helped me realize my dream of hedgehog photography, a hobby that began during childhood with cats and dollhouses. I love showing off his modeling. Life has meaning because of the purpose we have. Louie needed a good home and mom, and in return, I got to be a good mother and be needed. Hedgehogs require great amounts of patience, trust, and knowledge — but the payoff (回报) is pretty great. 4．The author got Louie from ______. A．a pet shop B．a family friend C．a rescue center D．a stranger on the Internet 5．How did Louie seem to feel at the author’s home? A．Relaxed. B．Anxious. C．Frightened. D．Lonely. 6．What can we learn about Louie from paragraph 4? A．He was active though he was old. B．He enjoyed climbing stairs alone at home. C．He always refused to appear in photos. D．He enjoyed being left alone. 7．What does the author say about raising Louie? A．It was easier than expected. B．It gave her a sense of safety. C．It was satisfying and meaningful. D．It made her lose her patience. 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．A 7．C 【导语】文章讲述了作者在网上看到帖子收养了小刺猬Louie。Louie在家无拘无束，年老只剩三条腿依旧活泼。养刺猬虽费心，但Louie让作者感受到被需要，这段经历充实而有意义。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“One afternoon in 2026, something on the Internet caught my eye: a tiny hedgehog (刺猬) held by a big hand. The post read: “HELP! My hedgehog abandoned (抛弃) her two babies, and I cannot raise both of them because I have to go to school full time. Good home with experience needed as soon as possible!”(2026 年的一个下午，网上的一则信息吸引了我的目光：一只大手托着一只小小的刺猬。帖子写道：“求助！我的刺猬抛弃了两只幼崽，因为我要全日制上学，没法抚养两只刺猬。急需有经验的好心人家收养！”)”可知，作者从网上一位陌生人那里得到了Louie。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Louie didn’t know he was a hedgehog. He never curled (蜷缩) into a ball, and he liked my two cats, no fear.(路易不知道自己是一只刺猬。它从不蜷缩成一团，还喜欢我家的两只猫，毫无畏惧。)” 可知，路易在作者家中感觉放松自在。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“By the time he reached old age, Louie had only three feet. However, he still managed to climb the stairs to visit other animals.(到年迈时，路易只剩下三只脚。然而，它依旧努力爬上楼梯去看望其他小动物。)”可知，Louie虽然年老，但依旧很活跃。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段“Life has meaning because of the purpose we have. Louie needed a good home and mom, and in return, I got to be a good mother and be needed. Hedgehogs require great amounts of patience, trust, and knowledge — but the payoff (回报) is pretty great.(生活因我们拥有的目标而富有意义。路易需要一个温暖的家与妈妈，而作为回报，我得以成为一个好妈妈，感受到被需要。饲养刺猬需要极大的耐心、信任和知识，但回报相当美好。)”可知，饲养Louie这件事令人满足且富有意义。 C Researchers in Australia, who studied 1,500 people and their lifestyles, have found that having good friends can help you live longer. An American study of 10,000 students, over a period of 35 years, also found that if you make more friends than the average (普通的) person at school, you’ll receive a higher salary (工资) in later life. People need good social skills at work to manage people and work in a team successfully. These are the same skills we use to make friends at school. On average, teenagers aged between 15 and 17 have 500 “friends” on their favourite social networking site. Adults have 130. So if you believe this research, you might live for a long time and be very rich. However, according to Professor Robin Dunbar from the University of Oxford, it probably won’t make any difference. Dunbar studied the number of messages between users of a popular social networking website, each of whom had between 200 and 2,000 friends. He found that they always communicate with a maximum (最大量) of 150 people. Among these 150, Dunbar believes that around five people are close friends. You’ve most likely known them for a long time; they are probably old friends and you share all your good and bad experiences with them. Then there are ten more friends. Although they’re close to you, you may not keep in touch with them every week. Next there are 35 people who you might spend time with because of a shared interest. You aren’t close. And finally, there’s a large group of 100. You see or speak to these people at least once a year, but you don’t know them well. Beyond this number, Dunbar says, it’s impossible to make any relationship meaningful. If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this experiment: First take away anyone you haven’t been in touch with for a year. Then remove people you can’t remember and, finally, take away friends who you wouldn’t mind losing touch with. How many do you have left? How many of these people are actually good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter. 8．What are the studies in the first paragraph mainly about? A．Some useful advice on how to make friends. B．Some social skills you may need at work. C．The advantages of having good friends. D．The number of friends you should have. 9．What is Robin Dunbar’s attitude towards the studies? A．Unclear. B．Unfavourable. C．Hopeful. D．Careless. 10．What does the text mainly want to show? A．It’s more important to have good friends than lots of friends. B．Friends are sometimes more important than family. C．There is a lot of research on the influence of friends. D．You need to spend more time with your friends. 11．In which part of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Nature. B．Technology. C．Education. D．Lifestyle. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 【导语】文章介绍了有好朋友比有很多朋友更重要，同时介绍了得出这项研究发现的过程，以及这项研究发现背后的意义。 【详解】8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers in Australia, who studied 1,500 people and their lifestyles, have found that having good friends can help you live longer. An American study of 10,000 students, over a period of 35 years, also found that if you make more friends than the average (普通的) person at school, you’ll receive a higher salary (工资) in later life. People need good social skills at work to manage people and work in a team successfully. These are the same skills we use to make friends at school.(澳大利亚的研究人员对1500人及其生活方式进行了研究，发现拥有好朋友可以帮助你长寿。一项历时 35 年、针对一万名学生开展的美国研究还发现：如果你在校期间交到的朋友比普通人更多，你在日后会拿到更高的工资。人们在工作中需要良好的社交技能，来管理人以及顺利地团队协作。这些技能和我们在学校交朋友时所用到的技能是一样的)”可知，第一段提到的研究主要是关于拥有好朋友的好处。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, according to Professor Robin Dunbar from the University of Oxford, it probably won’t make any difference. (然而，根据牛津大学的罗宾·邓巴教授的说法，这可能不会有任何区别)”可知，罗宾·邓巴教授并不赞同这些研究的结论。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Then remove people you can’t remember and, finally, take away friends who you wouldn’t mind losing touch with. How many do you have left? How many of these people are actually good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter.(最后，除掉那些你不介意失去联系的朋友。你还剩多少？这些人中有多少是真正的好朋友？根据研究，这些人才是真正重要的人)”可知，这篇文章主要想表达有好朋友比有很多朋友更重要。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchers in Australia, who studied 1,500 people and their lifestyles, have found that having good friends can help you live longer.(澳大利亚的研究人员对1500人及其生活方式进行了研究，发现拥有好朋友可以帮助你长寿)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要探讨了关于交友的问题，最有可能来自报纸的“生活方式”版块。 D How to Stay Healthy While Studying Staying healthy during exam periods can be challenging. Long hours of sitting and stress can take a toll on (给……造成伤害) your body and mind. 12 Exercise regularly. Physical activity boosts blood flow to the brain and reduces stress. Even a short 15-minute walk can make a difference. Try to exercise at least three times a week. 13 When you study for hours without a break, your concentration drops. The Pomodoro Technique suggests 25 minutes of focused study followed by a 5-minute break. This helps maintain energy and focus. Eat well. Avoid junk food and sugary snacks that cause energy crashes. Instead, choose brain foods like nuts, fruits, and dark chocolate. 14 Dehydration (脱水) can cause headaches and tiredness. Get enough sleep. 15 Most teenagers need 8-10 hours of sleep per night. A regular sleep schedule helps your memory consolidate what you’ve learned. Connect with others. Don’t isolate yourself. 16 Social interaction reduces stress and boosts mood. A quick chat with a friend can refresh you. Finally, listen to your body. If you feel unwell or exhausted, take a rest. Health comes first. A．Take regular breaks. B．Drink plenty of water throughout the day. C．Studying with friends can be more fun. D．Here are some tips to keep you in top shape. E．Lack of sleep affects memory and concentration. F．Set clear goals for each study session. G．Spending time with friends and family is important. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．E 16．G 【导语】本文介绍备考期间保持健康的几条建议。 【详解】12．根据上文“Staying healthy during exam periods can be challenging. Long hours of sitting and stress can take a toll on (给……造成伤害) your body and mind.(备考期间保持健康并不容易。长时间久坐以及压力会对你的身心造成伤害)”可知，上文指出备考期间久坐和压力会伤害身心，下文开始罗列各类健康建议，D项“这里有一些让你保持最佳状态的建议”起到总起下文的过渡作用，符合语境。 13．根据下文“When you study for hours without a break, your concentration drops. The Pomodoro Technique suggests 25 minutes of focused study followed by a 5-minute break. This helps maintain energy and focus.(长时间学习不休息，你的专注力会下降。番茄工作法建议专注学习25分钟，然后休息5分钟。这有助于维持精力和专注力)”可知，下文内容强调长时间学习不休息会降低专注力，还介绍了番茄工作法的劳逸结合模式，A项“定期休息”精准概括本段核心主旨。 14．根据下文“Dehydration (脱水) can cause headaches and tiredness.(脱水会引发头痛和疲惫)”可知，下文提到脱水会引发头痛和疲惫，B项“全天大量饮水”对应防脱水的相关表述，衔接紧密。 15．根据上文“Get enough sleep.(保证充足睡眠)”以及下文“Most teenagers need 8-10 hours of sleep per night. A regular sleep schedule helps your memory consolidate what you’ve learned. (大多数青少年每晚需要8至10小时睡眠。规律的作息能帮助大脑巩固所学知识)”可知，本段主题是保证充足睡眠，空后说明青少年所需的睡眠时长和规律作息的作用，E项“睡眠不足会影响记忆力和专注力”点出缺觉的危害，贴合睡眠主题的逻辑。 16．根据上文“Connect with others. Don’t isolate yourself.(与人沟通。不要把自己封闭起来)”以及下文“Social interaction reduces stress and boosts mood. A quick chat with a friend can refresh you.(社交可以缓解压力、改善情绪。和朋友简单聊聊天就能让你恢复精神)”可知，本段主题是和他人保持联结，下文提到社交能减压改善情绪，G项“花时间陪伴朋友和家人很重要”契合本段社交相关的核心内容。 二、完形填空 Owning chickens may be nothing special for you, but in the life of a chicken, we can find an important truth. You see, when a hen lays her egg, she struggles to make sure the 17 are just right for that baby chick. She must lay it in a 18 spot. She also must 19 heat to the egg for it to hatch. In the life of this baby chick though, there comes a point that is necessary but often 20 . As the shell begins to crack and slowly break 21 , what you will not see is the mother hen 22 the chick to get the shell off. No matter how hard the chick 23 pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother hen will not do the 24 for it. At this point, someone can see the 25 of this chick and think the mother does not 26 her young. This person can then seek to help the chick and 27 the pieces of the shell. However, if such a thing really happens, often this person 28 does not save the chick’s life but rather 29 its death. This beginning 30 is of great importance for the chick. It will produce the 31 within the chick, which will allow it to survive and thrive (茁壮成长). 17．A．actions B．experiences C．conditions D．chances 18．A．safe B．remote C．ordinary D．new 19．A．apply B．live C．move D．continue 20．A．evaluated B．checked C．made D．ignored 21．A．up B．into C．down D．with 22．A．urging B．preferring C．assisting D．encouraging 23．A．rolls B．dances C．flies D．shakes 24．A．work B．harm C．exercise D．same 25．A．depression B．confusion C．growth D．struggle 26．A．take in B．care about C．play with D．bring up 27．A．collect B．remove C．throw D．spread 28．A．carelessly B．impatiently C．unknowingly D．purposely 29．A．slows B．causes C．faces D．prevents 30．A．stage B．emotion C．access D．opportunity 31．A．nutrition B．health C．luck D．strength 【答案】 17．C 18．A 19．A 20．D 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．D 【导语】文章通过母鸡孵蛋、小鸡自主破壳的过程，告诉我们艰难的成长过程本身是生命必备的力量。 【详解】17．考查名词。句意：你看，当母鸡下蛋时，她会努力确保条件合适，以促进小鸡的存活率。A. actions行动；B. experiences经历；C. conditions环境，条件；D. chances机会。根据后文“are just right for that baby chick”可知，母鸡要保证合适的孵化条件。 18．考查形容词。句意：她必须把蛋下在一个安全的地方。A. safe安全的；B. remote偏远的；C. ordinary普通的；D. new新的。结合常识，母鸡会选择安全位置放置鸡蛋，保护蛋不被伤害。 19．考查动词。句意：她还必须为鸡蛋提供热量来孵化鸡蛋。A. apply提供，施加；B. live居住；C. move移动；D. continue继续。根据下文“to the egg for it to hatch”可知，要让蛋孵化需要提供热量。 20．考查动词。句意：在小鸡的生命中，会出现一个必要但常常被忽视的时刻。A. evaluated评估；B. checked检查；C. made制造；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“there comes a point that is necessary but”可知，此处是指必要但经常被忽视。 21．考查副词搭配。句意：当蛋壳开始裂开并慢慢破碎，你不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡脱掉蛋壳。A. up向上；B. into进入；C. down向下；D. with伴随。根据上文“As the shell begins to crack”可知，此处指蛋壳裂开、破碎。break up表示“破碎”。 22．考查动词。句意：当蛋壳开始裂开并慢慢破碎，你不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡脱掉蛋壳。A. urging催促；B. preferring偏爱；C. assisting帮助；D. encouraging鼓励。根据后文“the mother hen will not do the ____ for it.”可知，此处指母鸡不会帮忙破壳。 23．考查动词。句意：无论小鸡如何摇晃、用力挣扎，母鸡不会替它做这份活儿。A. rolls滚动；B. dances跳舞；C. flies飞翔；D. shakes摇晃。结合常识可知，小鸡破壳时会不断晃动身体发力。 24．考查名词。句意：无论小鸡如何摇晃、用力挣扎，母鸡不会替它做这份活儿。A. work工作，活儿；B. harm伤害；C. exercise锻炼；D. same同样的事。根据上文“ ____ the chick to get the shell off”可知，此处指代小鸡自己破壳的这份辛苦活儿，母鸡不会代劳。故选A。 25．考查名词。句意：这时，有人可能会看到这只小鸡的挣扎，认为妈妈不关心她的孩子。A. depression沮丧；B. confusion困惑；C. growth成长；D. struggle挣扎。根据上文“ No matter how hard the chick ____ pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, ”可知，此处对应看见它艰难挣扎的样子。 26．考查动词短语。句意：这时，有人可能会看到这只小鸡的挣扎，认为妈妈不关心她的孩子。A. take in收留；B. care about关心；C. play with玩耍；D. bring up抚养。根据上文“the mother hen will not do the ____ for it.”可知，人们误以为母鸡不在乎小鸡。 27．考查动词。句意：这个人就会上前帮小鸡，移除蛋壳碎片。A. collect收集；B. remove移除，拿掉；C. throw扔掉；D. spread铺开。结合常识可知，想让小鸡出壳，“好心人”要帮小鸡把破碎的蛋壳剥掉。 28．考查副词。句意：然而，如果这样的事情真的发生了，这个人往往在不知不觉中没有救小鸡的命，而是导致了它的死亡。A. carelessly粗心地；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C. unknowingly无意地；D. purposely故意地。根据上文“This person can then seek to help the chick”可知，这个“好心人”无意间好心办坏事。 29．考查动词。句意：然而，如果这样的事情真的发生了，这个人往往在不知不觉中没有救小鸡的命，而是导致了它的死亡。A. slows减缓；B. causes造成，导致；C. faces面对；D. prevents阻止。根据下文“its death”并结合常识可知，人为帮忙破壳会伤害小鸡，导致小鸡死亡。 30．考查名词。句意：这个开始阶段对小鸡来说至关重要。A. stage阶段；B. emotion情绪；C. access通道；D. opportunity机会。根据上文“ As the shell begins to crack and slowly break ____”可知，此处指代小鸡自主破壳的这个初始成长阶段。 31．考查名词。句意：它会赋予小鸡内在的力量，使它能够生存和茁壮成长。A. nutrition营养；B. health健康；C. luck运气；D. strength力量。根据下文“ which will allow it to survive and thrive”可知，自主破壳的过程会锻炼出小鸡活下去、茁壮成长的力量。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The American writer Mark Twain once 32 (say), “I can live for two months on a good compliment (赞美).” Perhaps his words sound theatrical, but it’s true that compliments can really make people feel good. They can give us the 33 (confident) we need to finish a project or to improve 34 (we). They can even turn a bad day 35 a good one. Compliments also play 36 important role in social communication. They can be used to greet friends or relatives, to start up a conversation at a party, or to show our appreciation to someone. Compliments are only meaningful, however, if they are sincere. When 37 (give) a compliment, we should not say anything we don’t really mean. It is also important to know how to accept a compliment 38 (polite). For English-speakers, the best answer is often a simple “Thank you” 39 (speak) with a cheerful voice. Some compliments might also be acceptable, especially if the person 40 gave the compliment is trying to start up a conversation. For example, if someone compliments you on your clothing, you might mention when or where you bought it or some other bits of information. To offer a compliment in return 41 (be) a good way to communicate with others. 【答案】 32．said 33．confidence 34．ourselves 35．into 36．an 37．giving 38．politely 39．spoken 40．who/that 41．is 【导语】本文介绍赞美在人际交往中的作用，强调赞美需要真诚，同时说明了礼貌接受赞美的方式。 【详解】32．考查动词时态。句意：美国作家马克・吐温曾经说过：“一句美好的赞美，能让我活两个月。”once表示过去时间，句子使用一般过去时，say的过去式为said。 33．考查名词。句意：它们可以给予我们完成项目或提升自我所需要的信心。定冠词the后接名词，confident的名词形式是confidence作宾语。 34．考查反身代词。句意：它们可以给予我们完成项目或提升自我所需要的信心。动作improve的对象指向主语自身，使用反身代词ourselves。 35．考查介词。句意：它们甚至能把糟糕的一天转变为美好的一天。固定搭配turn…into…，意为“把……转变为……”。 36．考查冠词。句意：赞美在社交沟通中也发挥着重要作用。固定搭配play an important role in，important以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：在给予赞美时，我们不应该言不由衷。when引导时间状语从句的省略结构，原句为when we are given, give与逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，用现在分词giving。 38．考查副词。句意：懂得如何礼貌地接受赞美同样重要。修饰动词accept，要用副词，polite的副词形式为politely。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于说英语的人来说，最好的回答常常是带着愉快语气简单一句 “谢谢你”。speak与“Thank you”之间是被动关系，用过去分词spoken作后置定语。 40．考查定语从句。句意：有些赞美也可以顺势回应，尤其是当赞美你的人想要开启一段对话时。先行词the person指人，关系代词在限制性定语从句中作主语，可用who或that。 41．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：回赠一句赞美是与人沟通的好方式。描述客观事实用一般现在时，不定式短语To offer a compliment in return作主语，谓语动词用单数is。 四、书信写作 42．假定你是学生会主席李华。你校下周将举办一场主题为“保护濒危野生动物”的英语讲座，请你写一封邮件邀请外教Mr. Smith作主讲嘉宾。内容包括： 1. 讲座的时间、地点； 2. 讲座的内容与意义； 3. 表达期望与感谢。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Mr. Smith, I’m Li Hua, president of the Student Union. I’m writing to invite you to give an English lecture which is about protecting endangered wild animals. The lecture will be held in our school hall next Friday afternoon. It will talk about the present situation of wild animals and what we students can do to protect them. We hope that the lecture can help more students realize the importance of wildlife protection. We would be thankful if you can accept our invitation. We are looking forward to your wonderful speech. Li Hua 【导语】题目要求考生以学生会主席李华的身份写邮件，邀请外教开设保护濒危野生动物的英语讲座。 【详解】1.词汇积累 j举办：hold→ stage 保护：protect → preserve 重要性：importance → significance 感激的：thankful → grateful 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The lecture will be held in our school hall next Friday afternoon. 拓展句：The lecture will be held in our school hall next Friday afternoon, which will focus on the protection of endangered wild animals. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It will talk about the present situation of wild animals and what we students can do to protect them. (运用了what引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】I’m writing to invite you to give an English lecture which is about protecting endangered wild animals. (运用了which引导的限制性定语从句) 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 冠词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 不定冠词a/an 考点二 定冠词the 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 冠词是课标附录 3“词类”条目下不带星号的基础项目——不定冠词、定冠词与零冠词的基本用法全部属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着冠词不存在“学考不考”的部分，且它是单项选择与语法填空的高频考点，复习重点是“用对”而不是“学会”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 冠词 不定冠词 a / an 的基本用法 必修 掌握泛指“一个”、首次提及、数量与频率、职业身份等用法；能按发音（而非首字母）选择 a / an 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 定冠词 the 的基本用法 必修 掌握特指、回指、独一无二、序数词与最高级前、the + 形容词表一类人等用法 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 零冠词 必修 掌握复数与不可数名词泛指、三餐球类学科、by + 交通工具、人名地名等零冠词情形 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 冠词的有无与意义差别 必修 掌握 go to school / go to the school、in hospital / in the hospital 等成对短语的辨析 熟练掌握 单项选择 冠词与专有名词 必修 掌握 the Great Wall、the Yangtze River、the Summer Palace 等“the + 普通词”构成的专有名词 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 边界 说明 序数词、最高级与冠词的搭配 必修 the + 序数词、the + 最高级；the + 比较级 + of the two 表“两者中较……的” 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 固定搭配中的冠词 教材常规 课标未在冠词条目下单列，但固定搭配（in the end、by accident、play a role in）是学考最稳定的失分点 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空 冠词与抽象名词具体化 必修 理解抽象名词被具体化时加 a / an（a success、a pleasure、a must）与泛指时零冠词的对照 正确理解和使用 单项选择 ★ 层级解读 ● 冠词条目全部不带星号，属“必修且应熟练掌握”层级——这是课标附录 3 中与动词时态、名词单复数并列的基础项目。学考对冠词的要求不是“认识”，而是“用对”。 ● 最稳定的两个考法：一是按发音选 a / an（hour、honest、university、useful 四词几乎年年出现）；二是泛指与特指的判断（题干给出上下文，要求补出恰当冠词或判断是否该有冠词）。 ● 零冠词与固定搭配是失分重灾区。这两块没有规则可循，只能整块记忆，因此必须靠专项清单反复过，而不是靠“理解”。 ● 本讲义的分层口径：必修＝课标附录 3 不带星号；教材常规＝课标未单列但教材与学业水平考试均涉及。冠词没有选修（提高类）条目，本讲义不设超纲内容。 ★ 易错提醒｜冠词的“基础”不等于“不会错” 冠词是最基础的语法项目，却是学考单项选择中最稳定的失分点。原因有三： 原因一：考点高度依赖语境。同一个空，上文换了限定语，答案就从 a 变成 the——不读完句子就无从判断，这与“背规则就能答”的预期相反。 原因二：汉语没有对应词。英语用冠词表达“泛指／特指”，汉语靠语序和量词表达，中国学生会习惯性漏冠词，尤其是“可数名词单数不能裸奔”这条硬约束。 原因三：易错点极其集中。元音音素误判（a hour）、成对短语混淆（in hospital / in the hospital）、固定搭配记错（in the end 写成 in end）——三类错误占冠词失分的绝大多数。 本讲义的处理方式：按“三分支 → a/an → the → 零冠词 → 有无对比 → 固定搭配”的顺序展开，每个知识点配速查表与易错提示，目标是把这三类集中失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 单项选择 冠词十年累计约 20—30 题，是最稳定的语法考点之一 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 冠词不可因“简单”而跳过，它考的是细节判断 最稳定考法 按发音选择 a / an，hour、honest、university、useful 反复出现 “看发音不看字母”必须形成条件反射 第二稳定考法 泛指与特指的语境判断（给出上下文补冠词，或判断该不该有冠词） 先读完整句，再定冠词的有无与形式 语法填空 冠词设空多为固定搭配（the same as、in the end）或特指判断 固定搭配中的冠词要整块记，不能现场推导 完形填空 成对短语的语境辨析（in hospital / in the hospital 一类） 把两个形式都代回句子读一遍，取通顺者 书面表达 漏冠词、多冠词直接影响语言准确度 写作中“可数名词单数必须有冠词”要自查 干扰项设计 多为“元音音素误判”“泛指特指混淆”“固定搭配记错”三类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近年各地学考与全国卷冠词题的命题走向 ● “元音音素”题长考不衰，且逐年提高隐蔽性。典型真题：It is an honest boy.（h 不发音）／a university student（首字母是元音字母，读音却以辅音 /j/ 开头）／a useful suggestion（2023 云南）／an apple a day（2023 江苏）。命题人专挑“看着像 an、读着是 a”的词设坑。 ● 特指判断高度依赖上下文，单纯考规则的题在减少。如 2021 年山西题：From the top of Mount Tai, you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.——第一空由 of Mount Tai 限定而为特指，第二空泛指一处景色。两个空都不能靠规则直接推出。 ● 固定搭配中的冠词是语法填空的常客。如 2025 年陕西学业水平考试语法填空中考查 the same as；in the 1960s、pave the way for、play a role in 等也是反复出现的搭配。 ● 独一无二与序数词、最高级仍是基础得分点。the moon（2019 河北，嫦娥四号登月语篇）、the first time、the most important 等属于“必须拿下”的低档题。 ● 成对短语辨析向语篇深处走。in hospital / in the hospital、take place / take the place of 一类辨析，更多嵌在完形填空的语境中，要求考生“读完整段再选”。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先问泛指还是特指 拿到冠词空先问一句“这是泛指还是特指”：泛指 → 可数单数用 a / an，复数与不可数零冠词；特指（双方已知、上文提过、被短语限定、独一无二）→ the 泛指特指混淆、漏冠词 再按发音定 a / an 看读音的第一个音素，不看首字母：h 不发音（hour、honest）用 an；u 读 /j/（university、useful、usual）用 a；字母数字看读音（an “S”、a “U”） a / an 误判 后固化搭配 把必须用 the 的 12 个搭配与零冠词的四类情形单独列表，每天三分钟滚动过；成对短语（in hospital / in the hospital）成对记，一次记两个 固定搭配记错、成对短语混淆 2.1 冠词三分支与判断两问 不定冠词　a / an 定冠词　the 零冠词（不填） 泛指“一个”：第一次提到的人或物 特指：双方都知道、上文提过、被短语限定 复数、不可数名词表泛指：Books are our friends. 表数量、频率：once a week、three times a day 独一无二：the earth、the sun、the moon、the world 三餐、球类、学科、节日：have lunch、play basketball 表职业、身份：be a teacher / become a doctor 序数词、最高级前：the first、the most beautiful by + 交通工具：by bus / bike / plane 可数名词单数不能单独出现，前面必须有冠词 the + 形容词表一类人：the rich、the old、the young 人名、地名（大多数）：China、Beijing、Mr. Smith ★ 冠词判断两问（做题时按顺序问，答完即可定答案） 第一问：泛指还是特指？泛指 → a / an（可数单数）或零冠词（复数、不可数）；特指 → the。 第二问：可数名词单数作主语、宾语、表语时，前面必须有冠词——不是 a / an 就是 the，绝不能空着。 记忆主线：泛指用 a / an，特指用 the，复数不可数零冠词；固定搭配单独记。 冠词形式 核心语义 典型情形 例词 / 例句 a / an 泛指“一个” 首次提及；数量与频率；职业、身份；抽象名词具体化 a book、once a week、be a teacher、a success the 特指“那个／那些” 双方已知；上文提过；被短语限定；独一无二；序数词、最高级前 the door、the book I bought、the sun、the first 零冠词 泛指或表类别 复数、不可数名词泛指；三餐球类学科；by + 交通工具；人名地名 Books are useful.、have lunch、by bus、China ★ 易错提醒｜“可数名词单数不能裸奔”是最高频的漏填 可数名词以单数形式作主语、宾语、表语时，前面必须有冠词——不是 a / an 就是 the，绝不能空着。 He is my friend.（√）｜He is a friend of mine.（√）｜He is friend.（×，缺少冠词） 判断顺序：先确认名词是可数单数，再按泛指／特指选 a / an 或 the。复数（friends）与不可数（friendship）泛指时才零冠词。 特别警示：三餐名词被特指或修饰时要加冠词——I had a quick breakfast.（一顿很快的早餐）｜The lunch was delicious.（那顿午餐） 2.2 不定冠词 a / an 的用法与音素判断 用 an（读音以元音音素开头） 用 a（读音以辅音音素开头） 字母、数字类 字母、数字类 字母 A、E、F、H、I、L、M、N、O、R、S、X（读音以元音开头） 例：There is an “S” in the word. / an 8-year-old boy / an MP4 字母 B、C、D、G、J、K、P、Q、T、U、V、W、Y、Z（读音以辅音开头） 例：a “U” / a UFO / a one-way street / a European country 普通词类 普通词类 hour、honest、honor、orange、umbrella、uncle、egg、apple、ink、art、arm、idea、old university、useful、usual、uniform、human、house、horse、year、young、week ★ 三条铁律（元音音素题的设坑点全在这里） 铁律一：判断依据是发音，不是字母。 an hour（h 不发音）、a university（读音以辅音 /j/ 开头）、an honest boy（h 不发音）、a useful book（/j/）。 铁律二：字母与数字看读音。 an “S”、an “MP3”、an 8-year-old boy；a “U”、a UFO、a one-way street、a European。 铁律三：拼写变形不影响读音判断。 an hour → half an hour；a university → universities 前仍按读音选 a（复数本身不用冠词）。 用法 说明 例句 泛指“一个” 第一次提到的人或物，只求“有一个”，不特指哪一个 I have a new bike. / There is an apple on the table. 回指转特指 同一名词第二次出现时改用 the I bought a book. The book is very interesting. 数量与频率 表“每一”“每……”的用法，相当于 per three times a week、60 kilometres an hour、an apple a day 职业与身份 作表语或同位语，表示职业、身份、类别 She is an engineer. / Lu Xun, a great writer, was born in 1881. 抽象名词具体化 抽象名词指“一件具体的事”时，加 a / an a success、a pleasure、a surprise、a must、a knowledge of English 固定搭配 少数搭配只能用 a / an have a rest、in a word、as a result、at a loss、a number of ★ 易错提醒｜元音音素题的四个“陷阱词” 陷阱一：h 不发音。an hour、an honest boy、an honour——h 不发音，首音素是元音，必须用 an。 陷阱二：u 读 /j/。a university、a useful book、a usual habit、a uniform——首字母是元音字母，读音却以辅音 /j/ 开头，必须用 a。 陷阱三：字母与数字看读音。an “S”、an “MP3”、an 8-year-old boy；a “U”、a UFO、a one-way street、a European country。 陷阱四：拼写变形不改读音判断。half an hour（hour 仍是元音开头）；a university → universities（复数本身不用冠词，谈不上 a / an）。 判断口诀：先小声读出来，再定 a 或 an——读出来就不会错。 2.3 定冠词 the 的八类用法 用法类别 典型例词 / 例句 记忆锚点 特指：双方都知道 Close the door, please. / How is the weather? 对话双方心里清楚是哪一扇门、哪种天气 回指：上文提过 I bought a book. The book is interesting. 第一次用 a / an，第二次用 the 被短语限定 The boy in red is my brother. 后置定语、介词短语使其唯一 独一无二的事物 the earth、the sun、the moon、the world、the sky 世上只有一个，天然特指 序数词与最高级 the first lesson、the most important、the third time the + 序数词 / 最高级 山川、河海、群体 the Great Wall、the Yangtze River、the Pacific 由普通词构成的专有名词 the + 形容词 / 国籍 the rich、the poor、the old、the young、the Chinese 表“一类人”或“某国民族总称” 乐器与姓氏复数 play the piano、the Greens（格林一家） 乐器必加 the；the + 姓氏复数表全家 ★ 两个高频对比（学考最常考的两组） ① the + 比较级 + of the two 表“两者中较……的”：Tom is the taller of the two.；但 She is taller than me.（泛指身高比较，前面不加 the） ② the + 单数可数名词表类别，a + 单数也表类别，但侧重不同：The horse is a useful animal.（全类概括）｜A horse is a useful animal.（任一匹即如此） 用法 规则要点 例句 特指（双方已知） 说话双方心里清楚是哪一个人或物 Close the door, please. / How is the weather? 回指 上文已经提过，再次提到时用 the He saw a dog. The dog was very cute. 被短语限定 名词后有定语从句、介词短语、分词短语等限定 The boy in red is my brother. / The book on the desk is mine. 独一无二 世上只有一个的事物 the earth、the sun、the moon、the world、the sky 序数词与最高级 the + 序数词；the + 最高级；the + 比较级 + of the two the first lesson、the most important、Tom is the taller of the two. 山川、河海与群体 由普通词构成的专有名词；姓氏复数表“某一家” the Great Wall、the Yangtze River、the Pacific、the Greens the + 形容词 / 国籍 表“一类人”或“某国民族总称”，谓语按复数 the rich、the old、the young、the Chinese、the English 乐器 西洋乐器前必须加 the；球类、棋类不加 play the piano / the violin；play basketball / chess ★ 易错提醒｜“the + 形容词”与“the + 国籍”的谓语一律用复数 the + 形容词表一类人时，谓语动词用复数：The old are taken good care of here. the + 国籍（the Chinese、the English、the Japanese、the French）同样表总称，谓语用复数：The Chinese are hard-working. 注意区分：the number of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语；a number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语。The number of the students is 50.（学生数是 50）｜A number of students are playing on the playground.（许多学生在玩） 另一处高频对比：by the way（顺便问一下，固定搭配）与 in the way（挡路）——一字之差，意义全变。 2.4 零冠词与有无冠词对比 不加冠词 加 the 前者的含义 后者的含义 go to school go to the school 去上学（学生身份） 去那所学校（不一定是学生） in hospital in the hospital 生病住院 在医院里（工作、探望等） in front of in the front of 在……（外部的）前面 在……（内部的）前部 by sea by the sea 乘船（＝ by ship） 在海边 take place take the place of 发生、举行 取代、接替 out of question out of the question 毫无疑问 完全不可能 in charge of in the charge of 负责……（主动） 由……负责（被动） at table at the table 在吃饭 在桌子旁（不一定吃饭） 判断纪律：遇到这类短语，先把两个形式都代回句子读一遍，取意义通顺的那个。 记忆窍门：抽象行为（上学、住院、吃饭）通常零冠词；具体场所（那所学校、那家医院）才加 the。 零冠词情形 规则要点 例词 / 例句 复数、不可数泛指 表泛指或类别时不用冠词 Books are our friends. / Failure is the mother of success. 三餐 breakfast、lunch、dinner、supper 泛指时零冠词；被修饰或特指时加 a / the have breakfast；a quick breakfast；The lunch was delicious. 球类、棋类 play + 球类／棋类名词，零冠词；乐器必加 the play basketball / chess；play the piano by + 交通工具 by bus / bike / train / plane / air，零冠词；但 in / on + 交通工具要加冠词 by bus；in a bus；on a train 季节、月份、星期 in spring / summer…；in June / July…；on Monday… in spring、in June、on Monday（但 in the morning / afternoon / evening） 人名、地名 大多数人名与地名零冠词；由普通词构成的专有名词加 the China、Beijing、Mr. Smith；the Great Wall、the Summer Palace 学科、语言 school subjects 与语言零冠词 study English / physics；但 a knowledge of English 要加 a 固定搭配 at noon / at night / go to school / go to bed 等 at noon、at night、go to school、go to bed ★ 易错提醒｜成对短语“一次记两个”，考场才不会混 记忆方法：把成对短语写成对照卡片，正面写“无冠词版”，背面写“有 the 版＋含义”，每天翻一遍，连续两周即可固化。 做题纪律：遇到 in hospital / in the hospital 一类选项，先把两个形式都代回句子读一遍，取意义通顺的那个，不要凭语感抢答。 特别注意 in the morning / afternoon / evening 要用 the，但 at noon / at night / at dawn 却零冠词——这是最容易被“季节零冠词”规则误导的一组。 另记一组：in front of（在外部前面）｜in the front of（在内部前部）There is a tree in front of the classroom.（教室外的前面）｜The teacher's desk is in the front of the classroom.（教室内的前部） 2.5 高频固定搭配速查 必须用 a / an 必须用 the 零冠词（四类） have a rest / a cold / a good time the same as、in the end、by the way 三餐：have breakfast / lunch / dinner in a word、as a result、at a loss on the whole、in the 1960s、the Great Wall 球类棋类：play basketball / chess a number of 许多；a great many 相当多 in the morning / afternoon / evening by + 交通工具：by bus / train / air play a role in、make a difference、do a good job at the same time、on the other hand 季节、月份、星期：in spring / in June / on Monday ★ 三条秒判信号（单项选择、语法填空通用） 信号一：空前有 very / quite / such / what / half 且修饰单数可数名词 → 用 a / an，且按发音选 an：quite an interesting story、half an hour。 信号二：空前有序数词、最高级、only、same，或空后有 of / in / on 引出的限定短语 → 用 the。 信号三：抽象名词、物质名词表泛指，或复数名词表泛指 → 零冠词：Failure is the mother of success.（失败乃成功之母，两处均无冠词） 考点一：不定冠词a/an 例1. (2025年6月福建省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) One of the best things about living in China is the safety. As 31 woman, I would not walk home alone in the dark in my home country. 例2. （2025年云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）It hurt me 44 lot and I started to cry. My father encouraged me to stand (stand) up and try again. Finally, I was able to ride the bike. 例3. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷) Hongxia’s art has also been internationally recognized. In 2014, when Michelle Obama paid 41 visit to Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province, she created multicolored papercuts for the then-US first lady and her family. 1．The earliest batch (一批) of tea has better flavor than the later batches which can be grown overnight. 2．While significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 3．I don’t like to make friends with people who don’t make effort. 4．The news made us in mess, but what we could only do is going forward. 考点二： 定冠词the 例1.( 2025年陕西省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) When asked (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, he replied with determination, “Why not? We Chinese are able to make 42 same things that other people make.” 例2. (2026年辽宁省大连市高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) This song is so popular that it was even used in an Italian opera. It is often 44 first Chinese song that many foreigners learn. 例3. (2024年湖北省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) 1,000 senior high school students were asked to fill in an online questionnaire (问卷) about their likes and dislikes …... Nearly half of 41 teenagers think that their schedules are too busy. 1． progress we have made in study is mostly due to our own efforts and teachers’ guidance. 2．We should make most of our free time to develop our hobbies and interests. 3．After that, everything was ready and the boys entered the hole with Tom in lead. 4．Learning ballet is very hard, but you should accept challenge. 5． number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 6．They told us that they climbed second highest mountain in their country last week. 一、单项选择 1．I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 2．—Karm, what are you doing? —I’m reading an article. ________ article is about Dazhou. A．A B．An C．The 3．There is ________ English-Chinese dictionary on the desk. A．a B．an C．/ D．the 4．My father likes sports. He is good at playing ________ soccer. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．—Do you want to play _________ basketball with me? —I’d like to, but we don’t have _________ basketball here. A．/; / B．a; / C．/; a D．the; a 6．We all agree that honesty is ________ most precious virtue in our daily interpersonal communication. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．Olives are technically ______ stone fruit, which means that they have a pit in ______ middle — similar to cherries, peaches, and mangoes. A．a; 不填 B．不填; the C．a; the D．the; 不填 8．In ______ addition to using solar energy, our company also takes ______ advantage of wind energy to care about our environment. A．an; an B．不填；不填 C．an; the D．the; an 9．With Bill in lead, the explorers entered the forest which is home to many wild animals. A．the; a B．不填; a C．a; the D．the;不填 10．Cindy’s dream is to become ________ artist. She believes it can come true. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 二、单句语法填空 1．Although we are culturally different, we are one team in the race. Before each race, the team would stand in circle and cheer loudly. (冠词填空) 2．It is great satisfaction to know the hero finally awoke. （用适当的词填空） 3．To tell you truth, I have never been abroad. (用适当的词填空) 4．We finally drew conclusion after the debate. (用适当的词填空) 5．In Forbidden City, the dragons, whether flying in the sky, leaping between beams (梁), or hidden in the details, all tell ancient stories. (用适当的词填空) 6．The next year, he ordered that day after Hanshi Day should be known as Qingming Festival, a day to honor the dead. (用适当的词填空) 7．The new playground is twice size of the old one. (用适当的词填空) 8．On decrease, the number of wild birds in this area worries scientists. (用适当的词填空) 9．Nancy, adorable girl, is outgoing and always gives warm help to her classmates at school. (用适当的词填空) 10．This got me thinking how English can be crazy language to learn. (用适当的词填空) 一、阅读理解 A Madrid is a popular destination which is considered a city of contrasts with its plentiful historic sites, resting in the shadows of modern skyscrapers. History This city of over 3 million people is proud of Western Europe’s largest royal palace, and some consider it to be Madrid’s most beautiful building. Inside the royal palace 2,800 rooms are decorated in glory with museum quality furniture and artworks. Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms. Shopping Madrid has some of Europe’s best shopping malls, and potential buyers love to look through the stores looking for bargains. But for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as the Rastro which is noted for selling everything from antiques to CDs. Entertainment No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain’s famous art form, flamenco. Every day, flamenco performers sing, dance or play the guitar in small cafes and grand theaters alike. Food Madrid has a wide variety of restaurants but because the Spanish typically eat late at about 9 or 10 pm, it’s difficult to find good dinner food earlier. If you get hungry before then, the best solution is to try a tapas bar where light snacks are served. Be sure to try the jamon,a kind of dry-cured ham: Spain is famous for it. 1．What do we know about the royal palace in Madrid? A．It can hold 2,800 people. B．It offers 50 rooms for visit. C．It’s been visited by 3 million people. D．It is thought to be the largest palace in Europe. 2．What is the Rastro famous for? A．Good dinner food. B．Various goods. C．Its art performances. D．Its special location. 3．What is a must when travelling in Madrid according to the text? A．Touring the Royal Palace. B．Photographing fine artworks. C．Enjoying flamenco. D．Tasting light snacks. B One afternoon in 2026, something on the Internet caught my eye: a tiny hedgehog (刺猬) held by a big hand. The post read: “HELP! My hedgehog abandoned (抛弃) her two babies, and I cannot raise both of them because I have to go to school full time. Good home with experience needed as soon as possible!” I had no experience with baby hedgehogs. I was an animal person and had raised cats, dogs, birds, and guinea pigs. But this tiny animal was new to me, and it touched me that he was abandoned, that maybe I could love him and be the best mom for him. I wrote the most heartfelt email I could. That was how I found my Louie. True to my word, he was my baby. Louie didn’t know he was a hedgehog. He never curled (蜷缩) into a ball, and he liked my two cats, no fear. The cats, however, were afraid of him, as he often moved into the room, running after the cats and blocking my way. By the time he reached old age, Louie had only three feet. However, he still managed to climb the stairs to visit other animals. He helped me realize my dream of hedgehog photography, a hobby that began during childhood with cats and dollhouses. I love showing off his modeling. Life has meaning because of the purpose we have. Louie needed a good home and mom, and in return, I got to be a good mother and be needed. Hedgehogs require great amounts of patience, trust, and knowledge — but the payoff (回报) is pretty great. 4．The author got Louie from ______. A．a pet shop B．a family friend C．a rescue center D．a stranger on the Internet 5．How did Louie seem to feel at the author’s home? A．Relaxed. B．Anxious. C．Frightened. D．Lonely. 6．What can we learn about Louie from paragraph 4? A．He was active though he was old. B．He enjoyed climbing stairs alone at home. C．He always refused to appear in photos. D．He enjoyed being left alone. 7．What does the author say about raising Louie? A．It was easier than expected. B．It gave her a sense of safety. C．It was satisfying and meaningful. D．It made her lose her patience. C Researchers in Australia, who studied 1,500 people and their lifestyles, have found that having good friends can help you live longer. An American study of 10,000 students, over a period of 35 years, also found that if you make more friends than the average (普通的) person at school, you’ll receive a higher salary (工资) in later life. People need good social skills at work to manage people and work in a team successfully. These are the same skills we use to make friends at school. On average, teenagers aged between 15 and 17 have 500 “friends” on their favourite social networking site. Adults have 130. So if you believe this research, you might live for a long time and be very rich. However, according to Professor Robin Dunbar from the University of Oxford, it probably won’t make any difference. Dunbar studied the number of messages between users of a popular social networking website, each of whom had between 200 and 2,000 friends. He found that they always communicate with a maximum (最大量) of 150 people. Among these 150, Dunbar believes that around five people are close friends. You’ve most likely known them for a long time; they are probably old friends and you share all your good and bad experiences with them. Then there are ten more friends. Although they’re close to you, you may not keep in touch with them every week. Next there are 35 people who you might spend time with because of a shared interest. You aren’t close. And finally, there’s a large group of 100. You see or speak to these people at least once a year, but you don’t know them well. Beyond this number, Dunbar says, it’s impossible to make any relationship meaningful. If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this experiment: First take away anyone you haven’t been in touch with for a year. Then remove people you can’t remember and, finally, take away friends who you wouldn’t mind losing touch with. How many do you have left? How many of these people are actually good friends? According to the research, these are the only people that really matter. 8．What are the studies in the first paragraph mainly about? A．Some useful advice on how to make friends. B．Some social skills you may need at work. C．The advantages of having good friends. D．The number of friends you should have. 9．What is Robin Dunbar’s attitude towards the studies? A．Unclear. B．Unfavourable. C．Hopeful. D．Careless. 10．What does the text mainly want to show? A．It’s more important to have good friends than lots of friends. B．Friends are sometimes more important than family. C．There is a lot of research on the influence of friends. D．You need to spend more time with your friends. 11．In which part of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Nature. B．Technology. C．Education. D．Lifestyle. D How to Stay Healthy While Studying Staying healthy during exam periods can be challenging. Long hours of sitting and stress can take a toll on (给……造成伤害) your body and mind. 12 Exercise regularly. Physical activity boosts blood flow to the brain and reduces stress. Even a short 15-minute walk can make a difference. Try to exercise at least three times a week. 13 When you study for hours without a break, your concentration drops. The Pomodoro Technique suggests 25 minutes of focused study followed by a 5-minute break. This helps maintain energy and focus. Eat well. Avoid junk food and sugary snacks that cause energy crashes. Instead, choose brain foods like nuts, fruits, and dark chocolate. 14 Dehydration (脱水) can cause headaches and tiredness. Get enough sleep. 15 Most teenagers need 8-10 hours of sleep per night. A regular sleep schedule helps your memory consolidate what you’ve learned. Connect with others. Don’t isolate yourself. 16 Social interaction reduces stress and boosts mood. A quick chat with a friend can refresh you. Finally, listen to your body. If you feel unwell or exhausted, take a rest. Health comes first. A．Take regular breaks. B．Drink plenty of water throughout the day. C．Studying with friends can be more fun. D．Here are some tips to keep you in top shape. E．Lack of sleep affects memory and concentration. F．Set clear goals for each study session. G．Spending time with friends and family is important. 二、完形填空 Owning chickens may be nothing special for you, but in the life of a chicken, we can find an important truth. You see, when a hen lays her egg, she struggles to make sure the 17 are just right for that baby chick. She must lay it in a 18 spot. She also must 19 heat to the egg for it to hatch. In the life of this baby chick though, there comes a point that is necessary but often 20 . As the shell begins to crack and slowly break 21 , what you will not see is the mother hen 22 the chick to get the shell off. No matter how hard the chick 23 pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother hen will not do the 24 for it. At this point, someone can see the 25 of this chick and think the mother does not 26 her young. This person can then seek to help the chick and 27 the pieces of the shell. However, if such a thing really happens, often this person 28 does not save the chick’s life but rather 29 its death. This beginning 30 is of great importance for the chick. It will produce the 31 within the chick, which will allow it to survive and thrive (茁壮成长). 17．A．actions B．experiences C．conditions D．chances 18．A．safe B．remote C．ordinary D．new 19．A．apply B．live C．move D．continue 20．A．evaluated B．checked C．made D．ignored 21．A．up B．into C．down D．with 22．A．urging B．preferring C．assisting D．encouraging 23．A．rolls B．dances C．flies D．shakes 24．A．work B．harm C．exercise D．same 25．A．depression B．confusion C．growth D．struggle 26．A．take in B．care about C．play with D．bring up 27．A．collect B．remove C．throw D．spread 28．A．carelessly B．impatiently C．unknowingly D．purposely 29．A．slows B．causes C．faces D．prevents 30．A．stage B．emotion C．access D．opportunity 31．A．nutrition B．health C．luck D．strength 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The American writer Mark Twain once 32 (say), “I can live for two months on a good compliment (赞美).” Perhaps his words sound theatrical, but it’s true that compliments can really make people feel good. They can give us the 33 (confident) we need to finish a project or to improve 34 (we). They can even turn a bad day 35 a good one. Compliments also play 36 important role in social communication. They can be used to greet friends or relatives, to start up a conversation at a party, or to show our appreciation to someone. Compliments are only meaningful, however, if they are sincere. When 37 (give) a compliment, we should not say anything we don’t really mean. It is also important to know how to accept a compliment 38 (polite). For English-speakers, the best answer is often a simple “Thank you” 39 (speak) with a cheerful voice. Some compliments might also be acceptable, especially if the person 40 gave the compliment is trying to start up a conversation. For example, if someone compliments you on your clothing, you might mention when or where you bought it or some other bits of information. To offer a compliment in return 41 (be) a good way to communicate with others. 四、书信写作 42．假定你是学生会主席李华。你校下周将举办一场主题为“保护濒危野生动物”的英语讲座，请你写一封邮件邀请外教Mr. Smith作主讲嘉宾。内容包括： 1. 讲座的时间、地点； 2. 讲座的内容与意义； 3. 表达期望与感谢。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $