学考专题06 情态动词、虚拟语气：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，浙江专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题06 情态动词、虚拟语气 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 情态动词 知识点二 虚拟语气 练|巩固提升训练 知识点一 情态动词 一、核心概念 情态动词（Modal Verbs）是表示说话人语气和态度的助动词。它本身有词义（如“可能、必须、允许、应该、愿意”），但不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词原形或“have done / be doing”等结构连用，共同构成谓语。 四大基本特征：① 后接动词原形（不带 to，ought to、used to 除外）；② 没有人称和数的变化（He can swim，can 不加 s）；③ 部分情态动词有过去式（can→could，may→might，will→would，shall→should），但过去式并不总表过去时间，更多用于委婉或虚拟；④ 否定在其后直接加 not，疑问将其提前。二、分类总览 类别 成员 主要功能 基本情态动词 can/could，may/might，must，shall/should，will/would，ought to 表示能力、许可、义务、推测、意愿、习惯等 半情态动词 need，dare，used to，had better 兼有情态动词与实义动词两种身份，用法需辨析 情态动词+have done must/can't/may/might/could/should/needn't/would + have done 对过去情况的推测、责备、遗憾或虚拟 三、用法精讲 下表先给出八个核心情态动词的用法总览，随后逐一分项精讲用法规则并配例句。 情态动词 核心用法 高考易考点 can / could 能力、许可、可能性、惊讶 could have done 本能够做而未做 may / might 许可、可能性、祝愿 may/might have done 可能已做 must 必须、禁止、必然推测 must have done 一定已做 shall 征求意见、承诺、规章 不同人称用法不同 should / ought to 应该、按常理推测 should have done 本应该做而未做 will / would 意愿、请求、习惯、预测 would 表过去习惯 need / dare 需要、敢于（多用于否定/疑问） needn't have done 本不必做 used to / had better 过去习惯（现已不）、最好 used to 与 would、be used to 区分 （一）can / could 用法 规则说明 例句 表能力 can 表现在能力，could 表过去能力；be able to 可替代 She can speak three languages.（她会说三种语言。） 表许可 can 口语常用；could 更委婉客气 Could I use your phone?（我可以用一下你的电话吗？） 表可能性 多用于否定句、疑问句表“不可能/可能吗”；肯定句中可能性用 may/might 更常见 That can't be true.（那不可能是真的。）Can the news be true?（这消息会是真的吗？） 表惊讶/怀疑 否定式 can't 表强烈否定推测 He can't have left without saying goodbye.（他不可能不辞而别。） could + have done 虚拟用法：本能够做而（因故）没做 I could have passed the exam, but I was too careless.（我本能够通过考试，但太粗心了。） （二）may / might 用法 规则说明 例句 表许可 may 正式，might 更委婉；回答 May I... 时否定常用 mustn't / can't May I come in?—Yes, you may.（我可以进来吗？——可以。） 表可能性 may 可能性较大，might 可能性更小；只用于肯定、否定句，疑问句用 can He may be at home now.（他现在可能在家。）She might not know the news.（她也许不知道这个消息。） 表祝愿 may 置于句首的倒装结构 May you succeed!（祝你成功！） may / might + have done 推测过去“可能已经做了”，might 语气更不确定 He may have missed the train.（他可能没赶上火车。） （三）must 用法 规则说明 例句 表必须 主观义务；否定用 needn't / don't have to 表“不必”，mustn't 表“禁止” You must finish your homework today.（你今天必须完成作业。）You mustn't smoke here.（此处禁止吸烟。） 表必然推测 只用于肯定句，表“一定是”；否定、疑问用 can't / Can... He must be a doctor.（他一定是医生。） must + have done 对过去事实的肯定推测“一定已经做了”，有依据 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.（地面是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。） 反意疑问 must 表推测时，反意问句按动词本身变化；mustn't 表禁止时用 may He must be tired, isn't he?（他一定累了，是吗？） （四）shall 用法 规则说明 例句 第一人称疑问句 征求对方意见或提出建议 Shall I open the window?（要我打开窗户吗？）Shall we go for a walk?（我们去散散步好吗？） 第二、三人称陈述句 表说话人的承诺、警告、威胁或规定 You shall get the book tomorrow.（你明天就能拿到这本书。） 规章、法律文本 表义务、规定 Candidates shall remain seated until the exam ends.（考生须在考试结束前保持就座。） （五）should / ought to 用法 规则说明 例句 表应该 should 与 ought to 基本同义，表义务、建议；ought to 语气略强 You should/ought to see a doctor.（你应该去看医生。） 表推测 按常理“应当会”，用于肯定句 The film should be very popular.（这部电影应当会很受欢迎。） should + have done 本应该做而没做，表责备或遗憾；否定式表“本不应该做而做了” You should have told me earlier.（你本该早点告诉我。）You shouldn't have said that.（你本不该说那话。） （六）will / would 用法 规则说明 例句 表意愿 will 表说话时意愿，would 表过去意愿或更委婉 I will help you with the housework.（我愿意帮你做家务。） 表请求 Would you please... 比 Will you please... 更委婉 Would you please close the door?（请关一下门好吗？） 表习惯 will 表现在习惯性动作；would 表过去习惯（常与 used to 辨析：would 不强调“现在已不”，used to 强调） He will sit there reading for hours.（他常常坐在那儿读上几个小时书。）When young, he would play football every day.（年轻时他每天踢足球。） 表预测 will 表将来预测 It will rain tomorrow.（明天会下雨。） （七）need / dare 用法 规则说明 例句 need 作情态动词 仅用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形，无时态人称变化 You needn't worry about it.（你不必为此担心。）Need I hand in the paper today?（我需要今天交论文吗？） need 作实义动词 need to do / need doing（表被动）；有人称时态变化 The flowers need watering.（这些花需要浇水了。） needn't + have done 本不必做却做了（含“多此一举”意味） You needn't have come so early.（你本不必来这么早的。） dare 作情态动词 多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形 He dare not tell the truth.（他不敢说出真相。） dare 作实义动词 dare to do，有人称时态变化 She doesn't dare to ask questions.（她不敢提问。） （八）used to / had better 用法 规则说明 例句 used to do 过去经常做而现在不再做；疑问、否定用 did 或 used 助动词 I used to get up early.（我过去常早起，现在不了。） be used to doing 习惯于做某事（to 为介词，后接动名词） He is used to living in the countryside.（他习惯于住在乡下。） be used to do 被用来做（被动结构） Wood is used to make paper.（木材被用来造纸。） had better 最好……；否定为 had better not do You had better not stay up late.（你最好不要熬夜。） 四、情态动词 + have done（核心板块） “情态动词+have done”是高考单选题和语法填空的高频考点，语义高度固化，必须成组记忆。其核心区分标准是：推测类看“肯定/否定/不确定”，虚拟类看“本应做而没做/本不必做而做了”。 结构 含义 性质 例句 must have done 一定已经做了（肯定推测，有依据） 推测 It must have rained last night.（昨晚一定下雨了。） can't / couldn't have done 不可能已经做了（否定推测） 推测 He can't have finished the work so soon.（他不可能这么快就完成工作。） may / might have done 可能已经做了（不确定） 推测 She may have forgotten the appointment.（她可能忘了这个约定。） could have done 本能够做而没做（遗憾） 虚拟 I could have helped you, but I was busy.（我本可以帮你，但当时很忙。） should / ought to have done 本应该做而没做（责备/遗憾） 虚拟 You should have studied for the test.（你本应该为考试复习的。） shouldn't / oughtn't to have done 本不应该做而做了（责备） 虚拟 You shouldn't have told her the secret.（你本不该把秘密告诉她。） needn't have done 本不必做而做了（多余） 虚拟 We needn't have booked the tickets in advance.（我们本不必提前订票的。） would have done 本来会做（多用于虚拟条件句主句） 虚拟 If I had been free, I would have gone with you.（如果我当时有空，我就跟你去了。） 知识点二 虚拟语气 一、核心概念 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人所说的内容不是事实，而是假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令或与事实相反的想象。它的核心特征是谓语动词采用特殊的“向过去推移”的形式，因此判断是否用虚拟语气、用哪种形式，关键看“与什么时间的事实相反”。 二、分类总览 类别 典型结构 示例 if 条件句虚拟 if + 过去式 / had done / were to do；主句 would/could/might/should + do/have done If I were you, I would accept it. 名词性从句虚拟 谓语用 (should) + 动词原形 He suggested that we (should) start early. 特殊句式虚拟 wish / if only / would rather / It's time / as if 等 I wish I were a bird. 含蓄条件句 without / but for / or / otherwise / but 引出隐含条件 Without your help, I couldn't have succeeded. 混合虚拟 从句与主句所指时间不同，各自按时间推移 If I had studied hard, I would be a doctor now. 三、if 条件句虚拟语气 if 虚拟条件句是虚拟语气的根基。牢记“时间向后推一格”的原则：与现在事实相反→动词用过去式；与过去事实相反→动词用 had done；与将来事实相反→用 were to do / should do 或过去式。 虚拟时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 did / were would/could/might/should + do If I were you, I would take the job.（如果我是你，我会接受这份工作。） 与过去事实相反 had done would/could/might/should + have done If he had got up earlier, he would have caught the train.（如果他早点起床，就赶上火车了。） 与将来事实相反 were to do / should do / did would/could/might/should + do If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（要是明天下雨，我们就待在家。） 两点补充：① 主句情态动词的选择决定语气强弱，would 表结果、could 表能力、might 表可能、should 表“竟然/应该会”。② 若主句与从句所指时间不一致，构成混合虚拟，各自独立按时间推移，互不迁就。 （一）省略 if 的倒装 当从句含 were、had、should 时，可省略 if，将 were/had/should 提前到句首，构成倒装。这是高考语法填空的高频考点。 原句 倒装形式 If I were you, I would try again. Were I you, I would try again. If he had come earlier, he would have met her. Had he come earlier, he would have met her. If it should rain, the match would be put off. Should it rain, the match would be put off. （二）混合虚拟 从句与过去事实相反、主句与现在事实相反时，主句用 would + 动词原形，从句用 had done。判断依据是主、从句各自的时间状语或语境。 例句：If I had taken your advice, I would be healthy now.（如果我当时听了你的建议，现在身体就好了。）——从句“当时”与过去相反用 had taken；主句“现在”与现在相反用 would be。 四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在表示“建议、要求、命令、愿望”等语义的词后，名词性从句（宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）谓语用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。这是高考选择题和语法填空的必考点。 （一）宾语从句 动词 suggest（建议）、advise、propose、recommend、order、command、demand、require、request、insist（坚持要求）、desire、decide、ask 等后接 that 从句时，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形。 例句：He suggested that we (should) hold the meeting tomorrow.（他建议我们明天开会。）The doctor ordered that the patient (should) stay in bed.（医生要求病人卧床休息。） 【高考易错】suggest 表“暗示、表明”时，从句用陈述语气；insist 表“坚持认为（某一事实）”时，从句用陈述语气；只有表“建议/坚持要求”时才用虚拟。 动词 表……时用虚拟 表……时用陈述 suggest 建议：suggest that sb (should) do 暗示、表明：suggest that sb does/is... insist 坚持要求：insist that sb (should) do 坚持认为：insist that sb does/is... （二）主语从句 ① It is suggested / required / demanded / ordered / proposed + that 从句，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形；② It is necessary / important / essential / natural / strange + that 从句，谓语同样用 (should) + 动词原形。 例句：It is required that every student (should) wear school uniform.（要求每个学生穿校服。）It is important that you (should) keep calm in the exam.（考试中保持冷静很重要。） （三）表语从句与同位语从句 当先行词为 suggestion、advice、proposal、demand、order、request、requirement、plan、idea 等名词时，其表语从句或同位语从句用 (should) + 动词原形。 例句：My suggestion is that we (should) go by train.（我的建议是我们坐火车去。）The order that the soldiers (should) leave at once was given.（立即撤离的命令已经下达。） 五、特殊句式中的虚拟语气 结构 谓语形式 例句 wish（但愿） 与现在相反：did/were；与过去相反：had done；与将来相反：would/could do I wish I knew the answer.（但愿我知道答案。）I wish I had attended the lecture.（我真希望当时去听了讲座。） if only（要是……就好了） 同 wish If only I had listened to my mother!（要是我当时听了妈妈的话就好了！） would rather（宁愿） 与现在/将来相反：did；与过去相反：had done I'd rather you came tomorrow.（我宁愿你明天来。）I'd rather you hadn't told him.（我倒希望你当时没告诉他。） It's (high/about) time that... 过去式 或 should + 动词原形（should 不可省） It's high time that we took action.（该是我们采取行动的时候了。） as if / as though 与现在事实相反用过去式；与过去相反用 had done；若很可能为真则用陈述语气 He talks as if he knew everything.（他说得好像什么都知道似的。） had hoped that... 从句用 would + 动词原形，表“本希望……（落空）” I had hoped that he would come, but he didn't.（我本希望他会来，但他没来。） 六、含蓄条件句 条件不通过 if 从句直接给出，而由介词短语、连词或上下文暗示，称为含蓄条件句。识别隐含条件是解题关键。 标志词 用法 例句 without / with 没有/有了……，相当于 if 条件 Without water, there would be no life.（没有水就没有生命。） but for 要不是……（多与过去事实相反） But for your help, I couldn't have finished it.（要不是你的帮助，我完不成这件事。） otherwise / or 否则，相当于 if not He worked hard; otherwise he would have failed.（他学习努力，否则就考砸了。） but 本打算……但……（主句虚拟+but 陈述） I would have come, but I was ill.（我本想来的，但当时病了。） under...conditions / in that case 在……情况下/那样的话 In that case, we would not have succeeded.（那样的话，我们本不会成功。） 知识点一：情态动词 1. — Did you tell Mary the news? — No, I ________（tell）her, but I forgot to call her. 【原句】I could have told her, but I forgot to call her. 【规律】句意“我本可以告诉她，但忘了打电话”，表示过去“本能够做而没做”，用 could have done。 【答案】could have told 2. You ________（finish）the report yesterday, but you didn't. The boss was very angry. 【原句】You should have finished the report yesterday. 【规律】“本应该做而没做”，表责备，用 should/ought to have done。 【答案】should have finished（或 ought to have finished） 3. — Where is Jack? I can't find him anywhere. — He ________ be in the library. I saw him go there just now.（用 may / must / can't 填空） 【原句】He must be in the library, for I saw him go there just now. 【规律】“刚才看见他去了图书馆”，有依据的肯定推测用 must；若表不确定才用 may。 【答案】must 4. The exam was easy. You ________（worry）about it so much. 【原句】You needn't have worried about it so much. 【规律】考试简单，说明“本不必那么担心却担心了”，用 needn't have done。 【答案】needn't have worried 5. — Someone is knocking at the door. Who ________ it be? — It ________ be Tom. He said he would come tonight.（用 can / must / may 填空） 【原句】Who can it be? It must be Tom, for he said he would come tonight. 【规律】疑问句表怀疑用 can；有“他说过要来”这一依据，肯定推测用 must。 【答案】can；must 6. ________ I open the window? It's too hot in the room.（用 shall / will 填空） 【原句】Shall I open the window? 【规律】第一人称疑问句征求对方意见，用 shall。 【答案】Shall 7. He ________ (swim) across the river when he was young, but now he is too old to do it.（用 could / can 填空） 【原句】He could swim across the river when he was young. 【规律】过去的能力用 could（或 was able to）。注意：此处表“过去一般能力”，could 正确。 【答案】could 8. My watch doesn't work. It ________（be）out of order. I must have it repaired. 【原句】It may be out of order. 【规律】手表坏了，推测原因时无十足把握，用 may/might be；若有明确证据才用 must。 【答案】may be（或 might be） 知识点二：虚拟语气 1. If I ________ (be) you, I would not accept his invitation. 【原句】If I were you, I would not accept his invitation. 【规律】与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，be 动词一律用 were。 【答案】were 2. ________ (be) it not for your timely help, we would have been in great trouble. 【原句】Had it not been for your timely help, we would have been in great trouble. 【规律】省略 if 的倒装：从句 had it not been for... 表“要不是……”，对应过去虚拟，主句 would have done。 【答案】Had 3. The teacher suggested that every student ________ (practise) speaking English every day. 【原句】The teacher suggested that every student (should) practise speaking English every day. 【规律】suggest 表“建议”，宾语从句用 (should) + 动词原形。 【答案】(should) practise 4. He insisted that he ________ (not steal) the money, though the police doubted him. 【原句】He insisted that he hadn't stolen the money. 【规律】insist 表“坚持认为（事实）”时，从句用陈述语气；据语境“坚持说自己没偷”，用过去完成时 hadn't stolen。 【答案】hadn't stolen 5. I wish I ________ (attend) the lecture yesterday. It was really wonderful. 【原句】I wish I had attended the lecture yesterday. 【规律】wish 后与过去事实相反，用 had done。 【答案】had attended 6. It's high time that we ________ (take) measures to protect the environment. 【原句】It's high time that we took measures to protect the environment. 【规律】It's (high) time that 后谓语用过去式（或 should do）。 【答案】took（或 should take） 7. But for the doctor's care, the patient ________ (die) two years ago. 【原句】But for the doctor's care, the patient would have died two years ago. 【规律】but for 表“要不是”，对应与过去事实相反，主句用 would have done。 【答案】would have died 8. If you had come earlier, you ________ (meet) the famous singer. 【原句】If you had come earlier, you would have met the famous singer. 【规律】与过去事实相反：从句 had done，主句 would have done。 【答案】would have met 1．—Must I visit the professor this week? —No, you _________. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．needn’t 2．—Must I return this book before Friday, sir? —No, you ________, dear. You can keep it for two weeks. A．can’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3．—Must they return the toy truck this Monday? —No, they ________. But they must return it on Thursday. A．mustn’t B．have to C．needn’t D．must 4．The school bag ________ be Teng Fei’s. The name on the bag isn’t his. A．must B．may C．mustn’t D．can’t 5．—Where is Lucy? She _________ be in the classroom, because I saw her there five minutes ago. —Let me check. Maybe she’s still there. A．must B．can’t C．might D．should 6．When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief have broken into my house during the day. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t 7．They ________ be in the playground. They ________ be in the computer room because it’s time for computer lesson. A．mustn’t; can’t B．can’t; mustn’t C．can; mustn’t D．can’t; must 8．If you don’t want to ________ the exam any more, you ________ work harder. A．take; should B．take; will C．fail; should D．fail; will 9．The Internet in our classroom is too slow, so I ________ go to the library to study. A．must B．can C．should D．have to 10．You ________ get the free ticket for the concert if you answer the questions correctly. A．must B．can C．should D．need 11．When you are home alone, you ________ answer the door for strangers. A．can B．needn’t C．should D．mustn’t 12．— Dad, ________ I join the robotics programme after school? — Of course you can go for it. A．must B．should C．can D．need 13．—I can’t believe it. Maria has practiced running for two hours. —Yeah. She ________ be very tired now. She needs a good rest. A．can’t B．should C．must D．will 14．You ________ tell him the bad news now, because he will soon make an important speech at the international meeting. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．shouldn’t 15．The girl who is playing the piano ________ be Jenny. She is playing the violin over there. A．may B．must C．can’t D．needn’t 16．When the traffic lights are red, you ________ cross the road. A．won’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 17．Excuse me. Read the text louder, please. I ________ hear you. A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can 18．—Linda, ________ I borrow your ruler? I can’t find mine. —Sure, here you are. A．can B．must C．need D．should 19．There ________ a meeting this afternoon. But I am not sure. A．may be B．may have C．must be D．must have 20．—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a good rest and make myself comfortable. A．may B．may not C．must D．can 训练 一、单项选择 1．You________ finish your homework before watching TV. That’s the family rule. A．can B．may C．must D．might 2．— I wonder if I can borrow your new camera to shoot some photos for the project. — You ________ have my camera if you don’t handle it with great care. A．shan’t B．might not C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 3．You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, because it’s bad for your health. A．needn’t B．need C．shouldn’t D．should 4．It seemed as if everything in the area ________ destroyed. A．was B．were C．is D．are 5．If I ________ more careful, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake in the report. A．am B．were C．had been D．would be 6．If Johnson ________ on the promises that got him elected in the first place, large amounts of funding ________ required to implement the sweeping reforms across various sectors. A．is going to deliver; are B．were to deliver; will be C．delivers; is D．is to deliver; are 7．________, I would have attended your birthday party last night. A．If I am free B．If I was free C．Had I been free D．Were I free 8．________ for the traffic jam, I would have caught the train. A．If it were not B．Had it not been C．Were it not D．If it hasn’t been 9．In a scenario where time was of the essence, a tele-surgery __________ the treatment process. Unfortunately, the medical staff just dismissed the option, citing concerns about connectivity issues. A．could have facilitated B．could facilitate C．must have facilitated D．may have facilitated 10．If I had made painstaking efforts to improve my craftsmanship in the past, I ______ a popular artisan now. A．am B．were C．would have become D．would become 11．Bees can help plants grow. ________ bees, we wouldn’t have enough food. A．From B．Like C．Except D．Without 12．I’m glad you told me about yesterday’s show being cancelled. Otherwise I ________all the way for nothing. A．travelled B．had travelled C．would travel D．would have traveled 13．It is vital that every student ________ good learning habits. A．forms B．form C．formed D．will form 14．It is vital ________ artificial intelligence transparency standards ________ established to prevent algorithmic bias. Ethical frameworks and regulatory oversight are essential for trustworthy AI development. A．that; be B．why; are C．how; are D．what; are to be 15．It’s a pity that such a talent as Jerry ______ leave his favourite work in that company. A．need B．could C．should D．may 16．The people who love peace do think that it is time the violent conflicts in Libya ________. A．come to an end B．put to an end C．came to an end D．bring to an end 17．It is recommended that ________ before we start the project. A．we will make a plan B．we must make a plan C．we make a plan D．to make a plan 18．The test results suggest that the recovery plan as well as the new running techniques ________ effective, so it is suggested that the training camp ________ for another week. A．are; should be extended B．should be; be extended C．is; be extended D．are; will be extended 19．I wish I ______ so much time playing computer games last weekend. A．didn’t waste B．haven’t wasted C．wouldn’t waste D．hadn’t wasted 20．We wish that our school ________ a larger library with more books. A．has B．had C．has had D．had had 21．I would rather you ________ me some practical advice on my English writing now. A．give B．gave C．will give D．have given 22．I would rather you ________ at home tomorrow. A．stay B．stayed C．will stay D．have stayed 23．The teacher recommended that we ________ more time reading extra-curricular books to improve our reading skills. A．will spend B．spent C．spend D．would spend 24．The teacher recommended that the students ________ easily when ________ difficulties. A．not give up; facing B．should give up; facing C．shouldn’t be given up; faced D．shouldn’t give up; faced 25．His suggestion is that we ________ (start) early tomorrow. A．started B．start C．starting D．to start 26．His suggestion is that the harvest _____ in before the rainy season comes. A．be got B．get C．should get D．got 27．She looks as if she ______ in a different era. A．is B．was C．were D．had been 28．His advice to his grandma is that she good use of her spare time. A．make B．made C．makes D．making 29．Burdened with overwhelming administrative and teaching assignments, the vice-principal put forward a suggestion at the weekly meeting ________ he ________ an extra assistant to distribute part of his heavy workload. A．whether; hires B．what; hired C．that; hire D．that; hires 30．The order came ______ all work ______ in this week. A．that; be completed B．that; should complete C．that; must be completed D．when; must complete 31．When the little girl stood in front of the huge painting, she stared at it silently ___________ she were lost in a world that no one else could see. A．even if B．if only C．as if D．only if 32．He talks about the accident so vividly as if he ________ it himself. A．had witnessed B．should witness C．has witnessed D．witnessed 33．Unless you are content with what you have, you would not be satisfied even if it ______. A．is doubled B．would be doubled C．will be doubled D．were doubled 34．He’s working hard for fear that he _______. A．should fall behind B．fell behind C．may fall behind D．would fallen behind 35．_______ the severe air pollution, it’s time we _______ measures to arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. A．On account of; take B．Despite; should take C．Account for; should take D．Due to; took 36．It's time that I about that essay. A．get down to think B．get down to thinking C．got down to think D．got down to thinking 37．Look at the heavy rain! ________ it would stop! A．Only if B．Even if C．Ever since D．If only 38．— He failed his driving test. — What a pity! If only he ________ what his driving instructor had been telling him. A．listened to B．would listen to C．had listened to D．should listen to 39．You ________ take an umbrella. It is going to rain. A．needn’t B．dare not C．had better D．are able to 40．Many people ______ approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．had better not 二、翻译 41．他怎么敢挑战老师的决定？(汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 42．这会引起上火。(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 43．你的手机一定出问题了。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________ 44．为了实现你的目标，你应该上课认真听讲，积极思考。(汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 45．你最好在忘记她的电话号码之前把它写下来。(汉译英) ________________________________________________ 46．他们肯定已经回来了，不是吗？（汉译英） _______________________________________________________? 47．时间很充足，他本不必要着急。（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 48．要是我早些时候被邀请，我就会和你一起去了。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________ 49．要不是你的及时提醒，我昨天就犯了大错。（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 50．it 形式主语 + that 主语从句： 对于那些超重的人，恰当减肥很重要。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 51．我的指导老师建议我应该报名高级文学。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 52．阅读这本书仿佛将我从沉睡中唤醒。(汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 53．他表达了希望能去国外学习的愿望。(汉译英) ________________________________ 54．我觉得好像有一把刀刺进了我的心里，我的眼泪不停地流下来。（汉译英） ___________________________________ 55．我们是时候采取措施去保护濒危动物了。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 一、阅读理解 A It started in a jeep, on an ordinary ride home from school. Sixth grader Harrison Burgess sat in the car, with his dad listening to news reports about the deadly wildfires in Los Angeles. His heart sank. But unlike most moments that passed in his daily life, this one stayed with him. “I told my dad I wanted to do something to help,” Harrison recalled. “People had lost everything. I couldn’t just sit with that.” Years earlier, Harrison’s father had lost his childhood home to a house fire. Harrison remembered hearing how the Red Cross had stepped in when everything was gone. “That story made it real for me,” Harrison said. “I wanted to help people in the same situation my dad had been in.” Harrison approached the principal of his school, Steve Ruthford, and together they created a plan to raise funds for the Red Cross. Still, Harrison had to face his own fear. “I have stage fright,” he admitted. “But I stood in front of my classmates and talked about the fundraiser anyway. My teachers were there for support, and that helped.” With posters, morning announcements, and a donation jar in the office, the campaign took off. Slowly, coins and bills poured in — each one a testament (证明) to the generosity of students, teachers, and families who believed in the cause. “I was really surprised by how much we raised,” Harrison said. What mattered most to Harrison was that many people joined him. “I wasn’t the only one who helped,” he said. “My parents, friends, and teachers — so many people made this happen. It took a community to do big things.” “I don’t really know my role in the world yet,” Harrison said. “But this helps me figure it out. I know I want to have a positive impact.” To the families who may receive the money, Harrison would simply say, “I’m glad we could help you in a tough time.” 1．How did Harrison feel when he heard about the wildfires? A．Distant. B．Curious. C．Concerned. D．Scared. 2．Why did Harrison decide to launch the campaign? A．He was moved by the survivors’ courage. B．He was inspired by his father’s experience. C．He was encouraged by his teachers’ support. D．He was amazed by the Red Cross’s kindness to Steve. 3．What did Harrison want to emphasize about the campaign in paragraph 6? A．It was promoted through combined efforts. B．It required plenty of careful planning. C．It erased public doubt about him. D．It enabled people to honor him. 4．What can we learn from the story? A．A hardship can shape one’s character. B．A shared goal has a short-lived effect. C．A brave choice can affect one’s future. D．A small act can make a big difference. B In mountain villages, seaside towns and quiet country communities, a new kind of workday is beginning. Laptops are opened beside tea fields. Video meetings are held in rebuilt farmhouses. People finish a report, close the screen and walk into the woods. Scenic spots used to be places for short visits. Now some serve as temporary offices.Those who bring their work here are called digital nomads, including freelancers (自由作家), entrepreneurs and online workers. With a laptop and steady internet, they are free from a fixed desk or city. This lifestyle is no longer limited to a small group of travelers. Special communities provide bedrooms, shared offices and social activities in holiday areas. Businesses also offer “workcation” packages, mixing work and vacation together. In Anji, an eastern mountain county, an old bamboo factory has been turned into a home for remote workers. They stay for days or weeks, working outdoors, developing local projects and sharing ideas. Unlike tourists rushing to view sights, digital nomads settle down, enjoying local daily life. The appeal is clear. After morning online meetings, they can hike in mountains. Fresh surroundings help break boring office routines. Meanwhile, local businesses gain more income from these long-stay visitors. However, nomad life is not a perfect holiday. Deadlines still exist. Poor internet may cause work troubles. Besides, frequent moves require money and careful planning. It can be hard to separate work from rest when the bedroom doubles as an office. Despite these challenges, this trend is transforming travel. Digital nomads do not merely take work on holiday. They turn travel into daily life and rethink whether work has to be done in one building. The office has not disappeared — it can be packed into a backpack. 5．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By describing typical scenes. B．By defining a new concept directly. C．By putting forward a thought-provoking question. D．By making a contrast between the past and the present. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The charm of scenic spots. B．A new lifestyle and its followers. C．Ways of promoting“workcation” packages. D．Requirements for becoming digital nomads. 7．Why does the author mention Anji? A．To show the influence of digital nomads. B．To give an example of the digital nomad trend. C．To stress the urgent need for economic growth. D．To compare digital nomads with traditional tourists. 8．What is the author’s attitude toward nomad life? A．Dismissive. B．Opposed. C．Concerned. D．Supportive. C Nick Relph, a British artist based in New York, has spent seven years wandering city streets at night. Lingering near construction fences, he uses a small digital scanner to take pictures of building drawings. Unlike graffiti artists who leave their marks on urban spaces, Relph extracts art from the city, collecting a vast archive (档案) of digital streetscapes that document New York’s ever-changing skyline and the mythical, sometimes scary future it promises. At 42, Relph first rose to fame 20 years ago with experimental videos made together with his former art-school classmate Oliver Payne. Their works mixed city and countryside scenes, experimental music and a feeling of aimlessness, thinking about the sense of belonging. Now he turns his attention to ignored corners of New York building sites. There, drawings of luxury buildings must be shown in public according to city law. These drawings work both as real previews and fictional advertising tools. His new book Eclipse Body & Soul Syntax includes over 100 digital streetscapes. Some carry graffiti marks or are changed by poor scanning, showing the disorder and randomness of city life. Critics believe his works hold a special position in New York street photography. He combines the style of artists like Berenice Abbott with post-internet ideas, challenging the boundary between reality and fiction in the digital world. In a recent interview, Relph explained that his work is not just about capturing buildings, but about documenting a city in flux (不断变化) — one that is always becoming, never fully finished. “These drawings promise a perfect future, but they’re often disconnected from the people who live here,” he said. “I want to show the gap between that promise and the messy, beautiful reality of New York, to capture the city’s unfinished soul.” 9．Why does Relph scan building drawings by construction fences? A．To help advertise new luxury buildings. B．To protect drawings from graffiti damage. C．To collect materials for his experimental videos. D．To record the evolving city and its imagined future. 10．Which word can best describe Relph? A．Ambitious and strict. B．Cautious and quiet. C．Creative and observant. D．Courageous and confident. 11．What can we infer about Relph’s new book? A．It keeps unchanged images. B．It explores reality and fiction. C．It shows perfect skyscraper photos. D．It explains building laws clearly. 12．Which statement best explains “the city’s unfinished soul”? A．People dislike building plans. B．The city lacks enough artists. C．Buildings are under construction. D．The city is constantly changing. D At Stoke Primary School in Coventry, there are many four-year-olds among those starting in reception class who can’t sit still, hold a pencil or speak more than a four-word sentence. Lucy Fox, the assistant headteacher, is in no doubt what is causing this: their early exposure to screens, and a lot of it. At another school in Hampshire, a longtime reception teacher says she has noticed children getting frustrated if activities aren’t instant and “smooth” — something she thinks comes from playing games on a phone or tablet. There is also something of an attitude shift, Lucy says — a kind of individualism that she’s convinced comes from playing alone on a device. “We are having to model to children how to be with others, how you work as a team, how you share things, because they’re so used to having their own time, doing their own thing. We’re losing a big part of being human, and if these young children don’t get all those skills, they’re not going to pick them up later on.” Preschool children can catch up to a certain extent if the screens are reduced to a bare minimum and time is spent on building other skills. Their language levels at age four are one of the biggest predictors of their later academic achievement at GCSE level and beyond. So it really is important that we put the work in with children way before they go to school. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends children under two should get no screen time at all, and for those aged two to four, a maximum of one hour. Gillespie, an Australian writer and researcher, hopes the government will “give parents the kind of practical, real-world guidance that takes account of the fact that we’ve probably missed the boat on the WHO guidance”. 13．Why do many four-year-olds fail to focus? A．They hate slow events. B．They dislike school activities. C．They play games alone on tablets. D．They use screens a lot from an early age. 14．What is Lucy’s concern? A．Children lack social and cooperative skills. B．Children care only about their own needs. C．Children refuse to share devices with others. D．Children tend to expect instant fun from screens. 15．What does the underlined phrase “missed the boat” in the last paragraph mean? A．Failed to follow WHO’s advice strictly. B．Lost the chance to understand WHO’s guidance. C．Missed the time to take children to school. D．Had no belief in WHO’s suggestions. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Screen time: a piece of cake B．WHO’s advice: a silver bullet C．Screens: a heavy blow to young kids D．Social skills: a drop in the bucket 二、完形填空 Two years ago today, I was just like you — buried in textbooks and worried about the college entrance examination. People often say the exam is a hurdle — once you clear it, the road ahead becomes 17 . Back then, those words seemed distant and hard to 18 . Now, I can’t help but look back on how much has changed. Once, I accidentally 19 for the triple jump. I struggled at first, but grew more 20 with each attempt. To my surprise, I did pretty well. I also joined the debate club, where I have learned to think on my feet, express my ideas clearly and truly 21 different perspectives. But the best part? I found what I love. I joined ROBOCON as part of the vision team. Those two months of training and preparation were both demanding and deeply 22 . Starting from 23 , I learned the basics and application of programming. It gave me a sense of achievement that was hard to 24 . In college, you’re free to explore. Whether it’s joining clubs that 25 you, or simply trying out many activities 26 on campus, there’s always something new to 27 . College offers chances far beyond textbooks. It encourages us to step out of our 28 and dare to try the unknown. 29 , we may meet failures, yet every setback teaches us valuable lessons. We gradually figure out what truly 30 to us and walk toward our goals more 31 . 17．A．smoother B．safer C．narrower D．gentler 18．A．predict B．ignore C．believe D．confirm 19．A．sign up B．put up C．draw up D．make up 20．A．cautious B．determined C．flexible D．curious 21．A．adapt to B．stick to C．listen to D．turn to 22．A．boring B．rewarding C．disappointing D．confusing 23．A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything 24．A．measure B．access C．grasp D．describe 25．A．attract B．comfort C．challenge D．serve 26．A．available B．reliable C．valuable D．possible 27．A．select B．adopt C．acquire D．discover 28．A．comfort zone B．safety belt C．memory bank D．control panel 29．A．Gradually B．Obviously C．Occasionally D．Eventually 30．A．happens B．refers C．matters D．belongs 31．A．patiently B．casually C．calmly D．bravely 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 AI: Transforming Our Daily Lives Artificial intelligence (AI) 32 (become) an indispensable part of our daily lives in recent years. From voice assistants on our phones to smart home systems, AI is changing 33 we live, work, and communicate. In the field of education, AI-powered learning platforms can provide personalized learning plans 34 (base) on students’ learning progress and habits. These platforms can also grade assignments automatically, 35 (save) teachers a lot of time and energy. In healthcare, AI is used to analyze medical images, helping doctors detect diseases 36 (early) and more accurately. AI robots can also assist in surgeries, 37 (reduce) the risk of human error. However, AI also brings some challenges. For example, the use of AI may lead to job losses in some industries, and there are concerns about 38 (person) data privacy. Therefore, it is important 39 (develop) AI in a responsible and ethical way. As students, we should learn to use AI 40 (wise) to improve our learning efficiency, while also being aware of its potential risks. We need to develop critical thinking skills to distinguish between reliable and unreliable AI-generated information, and use AI as a tool 41 (help) us grow and achieve our goals. 四、应用文写作 假定你校英文报正在征集主题为The power of Small Kindness的稿件，请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括： （1）叙述一次身边微小善意的经历； （2）谈谈你的感悟。 注意： （1）词数80左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 情态动词、虚拟语气 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 情态动词 知识点二 虚拟语气 练|巩固提升训练 知识点一 情态动词 一、核心概念 情态动词（Modal Verbs）是表示说话人语气和态度的助动词。它本身有词义（如“可能、必须、允许、应该、愿意”），但不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词原形或“have done / be doing”等结构连用，共同构成谓语。 四大基本特征：① 后接动词原形（不带 to，ought to、used to 除外）；② 没有人称和数的变化（He can swim，can 不加 s）；③ 部分情态动词有过去式（can→could，may→might，will→would，shall→should），但过去式并不总表过去时间，更多用于委婉或虚拟；④ 否定在其后直接加 not，疑问将其提前。二、分类总览 类别 成员 主要功能 基本情态动词 can/could，may/might，must，shall/should，will/would，ought to 表示能力、许可、义务、推测、意愿、习惯等 半情态动词 need，dare，used to，had better 兼有情态动词与实义动词两种身份，用法需辨析 情态动词+have done must/can't/may/might/could/should/needn't/would + have done 对过去情况的推测、责备、遗憾或虚拟 三、用法精讲 下表先给出八个核心情态动词的用法总览，随后逐一分项精讲用法规则并配例句。 情态动词 核心用法 高考易考点 can / could 能力、许可、可能性、惊讶 could have done 本能够做而未做 may / might 许可、可能性、祝愿 may/might have done 可能已做 must 必须、禁止、必然推测 must have done 一定已做 shall 征求意见、承诺、规章 不同人称用法不同 should / ought to 应该、按常理推测 should have done 本应该做而未做 will / would 意愿、请求、习惯、预测 would 表过去习惯 need / dare 需要、敢于（多用于否定/疑问） needn't have done 本不必做 used to / had better 过去习惯（现已不）、最好 used to 与 would、be used to 区分 （一）can / could 用法 规则说明 例句 表能力 can 表现在能力，could 表过去能力；be able to 可替代 She can speak three languages.（她会说三种语言。） 表许可 can 口语常用；could 更委婉客气 Could I use your phone?（我可以用一下你的电话吗？） 表可能性 多用于否定句、疑问句表“不可能/可能吗”；肯定句中可能性用 may/might 更常见 That can't be true.（那不可能是真的。）Can the news be true?（这消息会是真的吗？） 表惊讶/怀疑 否定式 can't 表强烈否定推测 He can't have left without saying goodbye.（他不可能不辞而别。） could + have done 虚拟用法：本能够做而（因故）没做 I could have passed the exam, but I was too careless.（我本能够通过考试，但太粗心了。） （二）may / might 用法 规则说明 例句 表许可 may 正式，might 更委婉；回答 May I... 时否定常用 mustn't / can't May I come in?—Yes, you may.（我可以进来吗？——可以。） 表可能性 may 可能性较大，might 可能性更小；只用于肯定、否定句，疑问句用 can He may be at home now.（他现在可能在家。）She might not know the news.（她也许不知道这个消息。） 表祝愿 may 置于句首的倒装结构 May you succeed!（祝你成功！） may / might + have done 推测过去“可能已经做了”，might 语气更不确定 He may have missed the train.（他可能没赶上火车。） （三）must 用法 规则说明 例句 表必须 主观义务；否定用 needn't / don't have to 表“不必”，mustn't 表“禁止” You must finish your homework today.（你今天必须完成作业。）You mustn't smoke here.（此处禁止吸烟。） 表必然推测 只用于肯定句，表“一定是”；否定、疑问用 can't / Can... He must be a doctor.（他一定是医生。） must + have done 对过去事实的肯定推测“一定已经做了”，有依据 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.（地面是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。） 反意疑问 must 表推测时，反意问句按动词本身变化；mustn't 表禁止时用 may He must be tired, isn't he?（他一定累了，是吗？） （四）shall 用法 规则说明 例句 第一人称疑问句 征求对方意见或提出建议 Shall I open the window?（要我打开窗户吗？）Shall we go for a walk?（我们去散散步好吗？） 第二、三人称陈述句 表说话人的承诺、警告、威胁或规定 You shall get the book tomorrow.（你明天就能拿到这本书。） 规章、法律文本 表义务、规定 Candidates shall remain seated until the exam ends.（考生须在考试结束前保持就座。） （五）should / ought to 用法 规则说明 例句 表应该 should 与 ought to 基本同义，表义务、建议；ought to 语气略强 You should/ought to see a doctor.（你应该去看医生。） 表推测 按常理“应当会”，用于肯定句 The film should be very popular.（这部电影应当会很受欢迎。） should + have done 本应该做而没做，表责备或遗憾；否定式表“本不应该做而做了” You should have told me earlier.（你本该早点告诉我。）You shouldn't have said that.（你本不该说那话。） （六）will / would 用法 规则说明 例句 表意愿 will 表说话时意愿，would 表过去意愿或更委婉 I will help you with the housework.（我愿意帮你做家务。） 表请求 Would you please... 比 Will you please... 更委婉 Would you please close the door?（请关一下门好吗？） 表习惯 will 表现在习惯性动作；would 表过去习惯（常与 used to 辨析：would 不强调“现在已不”，used to 强调） He will sit there reading for hours.（他常常坐在那儿读上几个小时书。）When young, he would play football every day.（年轻时他每天踢足球。） 表预测 will 表将来预测 It will rain tomorrow.（明天会下雨。） （七）need / dare 用法 规则说明 例句 need 作情态动词 仅用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形，无时态人称变化 You needn't worry about it.（你不必为此担心。）Need I hand in the paper today?（我需要今天交论文吗？） need 作实义动词 need to do / need doing（表被动）；有人称时态变化 The flowers need watering.（这些花需要浇水了。） needn't + have done 本不必做却做了（含“多此一举”意味） You needn't have come so early.（你本不必来这么早的。） dare 作情态动词 多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形 He dare not tell the truth.（他不敢说出真相。） dare 作实义动词 dare to do，有人称时态变化 She doesn't dare to ask questions.（她不敢提问。） （八）used to / had better 用法 规则说明 例句 used to do 过去经常做而现在不再做；疑问、否定用 did 或 used 助动词 I used to get up early.（我过去常早起，现在不了。） be used to doing 习惯于做某事（to 为介词，后接动名词） He is used to living in the countryside.（他习惯于住在乡下。） be used to do 被用来做（被动结构） Wood is used to make paper.（木材被用来造纸。） had better 最好……；否定为 had better not do You had better not stay up late.（你最好不要熬夜。） 四、情态动词 + have done（核心板块） “情态动词+have done”是高考单选题和语法填空的高频考点，语义高度固化，必须成组记忆。其核心区分标准是：推测类看“肯定/否定/不确定”，虚拟类看“本应做而没做/本不必做而做了”。 结构 含义 性质 例句 must have done 一定已经做了（肯定推测，有依据） 推测 It must have rained last night.（昨晚一定下雨了。） can't / couldn't have done 不可能已经做了（否定推测） 推测 He can't have finished the work so soon.（他不可能这么快就完成工作。） may / might have done 可能已经做了（不确定） 推测 She may have forgotten the appointment.（她可能忘了这个约定。） could have done 本能够做而没做（遗憾） 虚拟 I could have helped you, but I was busy.（我本可以帮你，但当时很忙。） should / ought to have done 本应该做而没做（责备/遗憾） 虚拟 You should have studied for the test.（你本应该为考试复习的。） shouldn't / oughtn't to have done 本不应该做而做了（责备） 虚拟 You shouldn't have told her the secret.（你本不该把秘密告诉她。） needn't have done 本不必做而做了（多余） 虚拟 We needn't have booked the tickets in advance.（我们本不必提前订票的。） would have done 本来会做（多用于虚拟条件句主句） 虚拟 If I had been free, I would have gone with you.（如果我当时有空，我就跟你去了。） 知识点二 虚拟语气 一、核心概念 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人所说的内容不是事实，而是假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令或与事实相反的想象。它的核心特征是谓语动词采用特殊的“向过去推移”的形式，因此判断是否用虚拟语气、用哪种形式，关键看“与什么时间的事实相反”。 二、分类总览 类别 典型结构 示例 if 条件句虚拟 if + 过去式 / had done / were to do；主句 would/could/might/should + do/have done If I were you, I would accept it. 名词性从句虚拟 谓语用 (should) + 动词原形 He suggested that we (should) start early. 特殊句式虚拟 wish / if only / would rather / It's time / as if 等 I wish I were a bird. 含蓄条件句 without / but for / or / otherwise / but 引出隐含条件 Without your help, I couldn't have succeeded. 混合虚拟 从句与主句所指时间不同，各自按时间推移 If I had studied hard, I would be a doctor now. 三、if 条件句虚拟语气 if 虚拟条件句是虚拟语气的根基。牢记“时间向后推一格”的原则：与现在事实相反→动词用过去式；与过去事实相反→动词用 had done；与将来事实相反→用 were to do / should do 或过去式。 虚拟时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 did / were would/could/might/should + do If I were you, I would take the job.（如果我是你，我会接受这份工作。） 与过去事实相反 had done would/could/might/should + have done If he had got up earlier, he would have caught the train.（如果他早点起床，就赶上火车了。） 与将来事实相反 were to do / should do / did would/could/might/should + do If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（要是明天下雨，我们就待在家。） 两点补充：① 主句情态动词的选择决定语气强弱，would 表结果、could 表能力、might 表可能、should 表“竟然/应该会”。② 若主句与从句所指时间不一致，构成混合虚拟，各自独立按时间推移，互不迁就。 （一）省略 if 的倒装 当从句含 were、had、should 时，可省略 if，将 were/had/should 提前到句首，构成倒装。这是高考语法填空的高频考点。 原句 倒装形式 If I were you, I would try again. Were I you, I would try again. If he had come earlier, he would have met her. Had he come earlier, he would have met her. If it should rain, the match would be put off. Should it rain, the match would be put off. （二）混合虚拟 从句与过去事实相反、主句与现在事实相反时，主句用 would + 动词原形，从句用 had done。判断依据是主、从句各自的时间状语或语境。 例句：If I had taken your advice, I would be healthy now.（如果我当时听了你的建议，现在身体就好了。）——从句“当时”与过去相反用 had taken；主句“现在”与现在相反用 would be。 四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在表示“建议、要求、命令、愿望”等语义的词后，名词性从句（宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）谓语用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。这是高考选择题和语法填空的必考点。 （一）宾语从句 动词 suggest（建议）、advise、propose、recommend、order、command、demand、require、request、insist（坚持要求）、desire、decide、ask 等后接 that 从句时，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形。 例句：He suggested that we (should) hold the meeting tomorrow.（他建议我们明天开会。）The doctor ordered that the patient (should) stay in bed.（医生要求病人卧床休息。） 【高考易错】suggest 表“暗示、表明”时，从句用陈述语气；insist 表“坚持认为（某一事实）”时，从句用陈述语气；只有表“建议/坚持要求”时才用虚拟。 动词 表……时用虚拟 表……时用陈述 suggest 建议：suggest that sb (should) do 暗示、表明：suggest that sb does/is... insist 坚持要求：insist that sb (should) do 坚持认为：insist that sb does/is... （二）主语从句 ① It is suggested / required / demanded / ordered / proposed + that 从句，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形；② It is necessary / important / essential / natural / strange + that 从句，谓语同样用 (should) + 动词原形。 例句：It is required that every student (should) wear school uniform.（要求每个学生穿校服。）It is important that you (should) keep calm in the exam.（考试中保持冷静很重要。） （三）表语从句与同位语从句 当先行词为 suggestion、advice、proposal、demand、order、request、requirement、plan、idea 等名词时，其表语从句或同位语从句用 (should) + 动词原形。 例句：My suggestion is that we (should) go by train.（我的建议是我们坐火车去。）The order that the soldiers (should) leave at once was given.（立即撤离的命令已经下达。） 五、特殊句式中的虚拟语气 结构 谓语形式 例句 wish（但愿） 与现在相反：did/were；与过去相反：had done；与将来相反：would/could do I wish I knew the answer.（但愿我知道答案。）I wish I had attended the lecture.（我真希望当时去听了讲座。） if only（要是……就好了） 同 wish If only I had listened to my mother!（要是我当时听了妈妈的话就好了！） would rather（宁愿） 与现在/将来相反：did；与过去相反：had done I'd rather you came tomorrow.（我宁愿你明天来。）I'd rather you hadn't told him.（我倒希望你当时没告诉他。） It's (high/about) time that... 过去式 或 should + 动词原形（should 不可省） It's high time that we took action.（该是我们采取行动的时候了。） as if / as though 与现在事实相反用过去式；与过去相反用 had done；若很可能为真则用陈述语气 He talks as if he knew everything.（他说得好像什么都知道似的。） had hoped that... 从句用 would + 动词原形，表“本希望……（落空）” I had hoped that he would come, but he didn't.（我本希望他会来，但他没来。） 六、含蓄条件句 条件不通过 if 从句直接给出，而由介词短语、连词或上下文暗示，称为含蓄条件句。识别隐含条件是解题关键。 标志词 用法 例句 without / with 没有/有了……，相当于 if 条件 Without water, there would be no life.（没有水就没有生命。） but for 要不是……（多与过去事实相反） But for your help, I couldn't have finished it.（要不是你的帮助，我完不成这件事。） otherwise / or 否则，相当于 if not He worked hard; otherwise he would have failed.（他学习努力，否则就考砸了。） but 本打算……但……（主句虚拟+but 陈述） I would have come, but I was ill.（我本想来的，但当时病了。） under...conditions / in that case 在……情况下/那样的话 In that case, we would not have succeeded.（那样的话，我们本不会成功。） 知识点一：情态动词 1. — Did you tell Mary the news? — No, I ________（tell）her, but I forgot to call her. 【原句】I could have told her, but I forgot to call her. 【规律】句意“我本可以告诉她，但忘了打电话”，表示过去“本能够做而没做”，用 could have done。 【答案】could have told 2. You ________（finish）the report yesterday, but you didn't. The boss was very angry. 【原句】You should have finished the report yesterday. 【规律】“本应该做而没做”，表责备，用 should/ought to have done。 【答案】should have finished（或 ought to have finished） 3. — Where is Jack? I can't find him anywhere. — He ________ be in the library. I saw him go there just now.（用 may / must / can't 填空） 【原句】He must be in the library, for I saw him go there just now. 【规律】“刚才看见他去了图书馆”，有依据的肯定推测用 must；若表不确定才用 may。 【答案】must 4. The exam was easy. You ________（worry）about it so much. 【原句】You needn't have worried about it so much. 【规律】考试简单，说明“本不必那么担心却担心了”，用 needn't have done。 【答案】needn't have worried 5. — Someone is knocking at the door. Who ________ it be? — It ________ be Tom. He said he would come tonight.（用 can / must / may 填空） 【原句】Who can it be? It must be Tom, for he said he would come tonight. 【规律】疑问句表怀疑用 can；有“他说过要来”这一依据，肯定推测用 must。 【答案】can；must 6. ________ I open the window? It's too hot in the room.（用 shall / will 填空） 【原句】Shall I open the window? 【规律】第一人称疑问句征求对方意见，用 shall。 【答案】Shall 7. He ________ (swim) across the river when he was young, but now he is too old to do it.（用 could / can 填空） 【原句】He could swim across the river when he was young. 【规律】过去的能力用 could（或 was able to）。注意：此处表“过去一般能力”，could 正确。 【答案】could 8. My watch doesn't work. It ________（be）out of order. I must have it repaired. 【原句】It may be out of order. 【规律】手表坏了，推测原因时无十足把握，用 may/might be；若有明确证据才用 must。 【答案】may be（或 might be） 知识点二：虚拟语气 1. If I ________ (be) you, I would not accept his invitation. 【原句】If I were you, I would not accept his invitation. 【规律】与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，be 动词一律用 were。 【答案】were 2. ________ (be) it not for your timely help, we would have been in great trouble. 【原句】Had it not been for your timely help, we would have been in great trouble. 【规律】省略 if 的倒装：从句 had it not been for... 表“要不是……”，对应过去虚拟，主句 would have done。 【答案】Had 3. The teacher suggested that every student ________ (practise) speaking English every day. 【原句】The teacher suggested that every student (should) practise speaking English every day. 【规律】suggest 表“建议”，宾语从句用 (should) + 动词原形。 【答案】(should) practise 4. He insisted that he ________ (not steal) the money, though the police doubted him. 【原句】He insisted that he hadn't stolen the money. 【规律】insist 表“坚持认为（事实）”时，从句用陈述语气；据语境“坚持说自己没偷”，用过去完成时 hadn't stolen。 【答案】hadn't stolen 5. I wish I ________ (attend) the lecture yesterday. It was really wonderful. 【原句】I wish I had attended the lecture yesterday. 【规律】wish 后与过去事实相反，用 had done。 【答案】had attended 6. It's high time that we ________ (take) measures to protect the environment. 【原句】It's high time that we took measures to protect the environment. 【规律】It's (high) time that 后谓语用过去式（或 should do）。 【答案】took（或 should take） 7. But for the doctor's care, the patient ________ (die) two years ago. 【原句】But for the doctor's care, the patient would have died two years ago. 【规律】but for 表“要不是”，对应与过去事实相反，主句用 would have done。 【答案】would have died 8. If you had come earlier, you ________ (meet) the famous singer. 【原句】If you had come earlier, you would have met the famous singer. 【规律】与过去事实相反：从句 had done，主句 would have done。 【答案】would have met 1．—Must I visit the professor this week? —No, you _________. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．needn’t 2．—Must I return this book before Friday, sir? —No, you ________, dear. You can keep it for two weeks. A．can’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3．—Must they return the toy truck this Monday? —No, they ________. But they must return it on Thursday. A．mustn’t B．have to C．needn’t D．must 4．The school bag ________ be Teng Fei’s. The name on the bag isn’t his. A．must B．may C．mustn’t D．can’t 5．—Where is Lucy? She _________ be in the classroom, because I saw her there five minutes ago. —Let me check. Maybe she’s still there. A．must B．can’t C．might D．should 6．When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief have broken into my house during the day. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t 7．They ________ be in the playground. They ________ be in the computer room because it’s time for computer lesson. A．mustn’t; can’t B．can’t; mustn’t C．can; mustn’t D．can’t; must 8．If you don’t want to ________ the exam any more, you ________ work harder. A．take; should B．take; will C．fail; should D．fail; will 9．The Internet in our classroom is too slow, so I ________ go to the library to study. A．must B．can C．should D．have to 10．You ________ get the free ticket for the concert if you answer the questions correctly. A．must B．can C．should D．need 11．When you are home alone, you ________ answer the door for strangers. A．can B．needn’t C．should D．mustn’t 12．— Dad, ________ I join the robotics programme after school? — Of course you can go for it. A．must B．should C．can D．need 13．—I can’t believe it. Maria has practiced running for two hours. —Yeah. She ________ be very tired now. She needs a good rest. A．can’t B．should C．must D．will 14．You ________ tell him the bad news now, because he will soon make an important speech at the international meeting. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．shouldn’t 15．The girl who is playing the piano ________ be Jenny. She is playing the violin over there. A．may B．must C．can’t D．needn’t 16．When the traffic lights are red, you ________ cross the road. A．won’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 17．Excuse me. Read the text louder, please. I ________ hear you. A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can 18．—Linda, ________ I borrow your ruler? I can’t find mine. —Sure, here you are. A．can B．must C．need D．should 19．There ________ a meeting this afternoon. But I am not sure. A．may be B．may have C．must be D．must have 20．—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a good rest and make myself comfortable. A．may B．may not C．must D．can 参考答案 1．D 【解析】句意：——我必须这周拜访教授吗？——不，你不必。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；wouldn’t不会；needn’t不必。问句“Must I...?”的否定回答，需用“needn’t”表示“不必”。故选D。 2．B 【解析】句意：——先生，我必须周五前还这本书吗？——不，你不必，亲爱的。你可以借两周。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t禁止。以Must提问的一般疑问句，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。故选B。 3．C 【解析】句意：——他们必须这周一还这辆玩具卡车吗？——不，他们没必要。但他们必须在周四归还。 考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止；have to必须，不得不；needn’t没必要，不必；must必须。 根据“Must”开头的一般疑问句的否定回答，常用“No, …needn’t”，故选C。 4．D 【解析】句意：这个书包不可能是腾飞的。书包上的名字不是他的。 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。must一定，表示肯定推测；may可能，表示可能性；mustn’t不准，表示禁止；can’t不可能，表示否定推测。根据后句“The name on the bag isn’t his.”可知，名字不是他的，是否定推测。故选D。 5．A 【解析】句意：——露西在哪儿？她一定在教室里，因为我五分钟前在那里看到她。——让我看看。也许她还在那里。 考查情态动词表推测的用法。must一定；can’t不可能；might可能；should应该。根据“because I saw her there five minutes ago”可知，说话者基于过去事实进行肯定推测，语气较强，故选A。 6．A 【解析】句意：当我到家时，房子一团糟。一个小偷白天一定闯入了我的房子。 考查情态动词的用法。must一定，表肯定推测，有证据支持；can可能，多用于疑问或否定句；mustn’t禁止，不用于推测；can’t不可能，表示否定推测。根据“the house was a mess”可知，房子混乱是证据，表明一定有小偷闯入，故选A。 7．D 【解析】句意：他们不可能在操场上。他们一定在电脑室，因为现在是电脑课时间。 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；can可能；must一定。根据“because it’s time for computer lesson”可知，他们不可能在操场上，他们一定在电脑室，所以第一个空表示否定推测“不可能”，应用can’t，第二个空表示肯定推测“一定”，应用must，故选D。 8．C 【解析】句意：如果你不想考试再不及格，你应该更努力地学习。 考查动词辨析和should表示建议。take参加；should应该；will将会；fail不及格。根据“If you don’t want to...the exam any more”和“you...work harder”可知，如果不想考试再不及格，就应该努力学习，此处“should”表示建议。故选C。 9．D 【解析】句意：我们教室的互联网太慢了，所以我不得不去图书馆学习。 考查情态动词的用法。must必须；can能够；should应该；have to不得不。根据“The Internet in our classroom is too slow”可知，互联网慢是客观原因，导致被迫去图书馆，强调客观必要性，因此用“have to”。故选D。 10．B 【解析】句意：如果你正确回答问题，你就能得到音乐会的免费门票。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；can能够；should应该；need需要。根据“You...get the free ticket for the concert if you answer the questions correctly.”可知，此处表示如果正确回答问题，就能得到音乐会的免费门票，故选B。 11．D 【解析】句意：当你独自在家时，你一定不要给陌生人开门。 考查情态动词辨析。can能，可以；needn’t不必；should应该；mustn’t禁止。根据“When you are home alone, you…answer the door for strangers.”可知，为了安全起见，独自在家时严禁给陌生人开门，此处表示强烈的禁止语气。故选D。 12．C 【解析】句意：——爸爸，我能参加课后的机器人项目吗？——当然了，你可以去。 考查情态动词。must必须；should应该；can能够，可以；need需要。根据答语“Of course you can go for it.”可知，问句是在请求许可，应用can询问。故选C。 13．C 【解析】句意：——我不敢相信。玛丽亚已经练习跑步两个小时了。——是啊。她现在一定非常累了。她需要好好休息。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能；should应该；must一定；will将。根据“Maria has practiced running for two hours.”以及“She needs a good rest.”可知，她练习跑步两个小时了，所以此处是推测她一定非常累了，表示有把握的肯定推测用情态动词must。故选C。 14．D 【解析】句意：你现在不应该告诉他这个坏消息，因为他即将在国际会议上发表一个重要演讲。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；needn’t不必；dare not不敢；shouldn’t不应该。根据“because he will soon make an important speech at the international meeting.”可知，在他演讲之前不应该告诉他这个坏消息，表示劝告或建议。故选D。 15．C 【解析】句意：正在弹钢琴的女孩不可能是珍妮。她正在那边拉小提琴。 考查情态动词用法。may可能；must一定；can’t不可能； needn’t不必。根据“She is playing the violin over there.”可知，此处表否定推测，表达珍妮正在那边拉小提琴，不可能弹钢琴。故选C。 16．B 【解析】句意：当交通灯是红色时，你不准横穿马路。 考查动词辨析。won’t不会；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不需要；wouldn’t不会。根据交通规则，红灯时禁止通行，mustn’t符合。故选B。 17．A 【解析】句意：打扰了。请读大声一点。我听不见。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必；can可以。根据“Read the text louder”可知是不能听清，所以让对方大声一点，用can’t。故选A。 18．A 【解析】句意：——Linda，我可以借用你的尺子吗？我找不到我的了。——当然，给你。 考查情态动词辨析。can可以；must必须；need需要；should应该。根据语境，此处是委婉请求借用物品，使用“can”表示请求许可，符合交际习惯。故选A。 19．A 【解析】句意：今天下午可能有一个会议，但是我不确定。 考查情态动词和there be句型。may be可能是；may have可能有；must be一定是；must have一定有。根据“But I am not sure.”可知，不确定，所以是“可能有”，且原句是there be句型，应用may be。故选A。 20．C 【解析】句意：——完成所有这些繁重的工作后，你一定很累了。——是的。我要好好休息，让自己舒服点。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能；may not可能不；must一定；can能。根据“after finishing all of those hard jobs”可知，这里是对“很累”这一情况的肯定推测，must符合语境，表肯定的推测。故选C。 训练 一、单项选择 1．You________ finish your homework before watching TV. That’s the family rule. A．can B．may C．must D．might 2．— I wonder if I can borrow your new camera to shoot some photos for the project. — You ________ have my camera if you don’t handle it with great care. A．shan’t B．might not C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 3．You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, because it’s bad for your health. A．needn’t B．need C．shouldn’t D．should 4．It seemed as if everything in the area ________ destroyed. A．was B．were C．is D．are 5．If I ________ more careful, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake in the report. A．am B．were C．had been D．would be 6．If Johnson ________ on the promises that got him elected in the first place, large amounts of funding ________ required to implement the sweeping reforms across various sectors. A．is going to deliver; are B．were to deliver; will be C．delivers; is D．is to deliver; are 7．________, I would have attended your birthday party last night. A．If I am free B．If I was free C．Had I been free D．Were I free 8．________ for the traffic jam, I would have caught the train. A．If it were not B．Had it not been C．Were it not D．If it hasn’t been 9．In a scenario where time was of the essence, a tele-surgery __________ the treatment process. Unfortunately, the medical staff just dismissed the option, citing concerns about connectivity issues. A．could have facilitated B．could facilitate C．must have facilitated D．may have facilitated 10．If I had made painstaking efforts to improve my craftsmanship in the past, I ______ a popular artisan now. A．am B．were C．would have become D．would become 11．Bees can help plants grow. ________ bees, we wouldn’t have enough food. A．From B．Like C．Except D．Without 12．I’m glad you told me about yesterday’s show being cancelled. Otherwise I ________all the way for nothing. A．travelled B．had travelled C．would travel D．would have traveled 13．It is vital that every student ________ good learning habits. A．forms B．form C．formed D．will form 14．It is vital ________ artificial intelligence transparency standards ________ established to prevent algorithmic bias. Ethical frameworks and regulatory oversight are essential for trustworthy AI development. A．that; be B．why; are C．how; are D．what; are to be 15．It’s a pity that such a talent as Jerry ______ leave his favourite work in that company. A．need B．could C．should D．may 16．The people who love peace do think that it is time the violent conflicts in Libya ________. A．come to an end B．put to an end C．came to an end D．bring to an end 17．It is recommended that ________ before we start the project. A．we will make a plan B．we must make a plan C．we make a plan D．to make a plan 18．The test results suggest that the recovery plan as well as the new running techniques ________ effective, so it is suggested that the training camp ________ for another week. A．are; should be extended B．should be; be extended C．is; be extended D．are; will be extended 19．I wish I ______ so much time playing computer games last weekend. A．didn’t waste B．haven’t wasted C．wouldn’t waste D．hadn’t wasted 20．We wish that our school ________ a larger library with more books. A．has B．had C．has had D．had had 21．I would rather you ________ me some practical advice on my English writing now. A．give B．gave C．will give D．have given 22．I would rather you ________ at home tomorrow. A．stay B．stayed C．will stay D．have stayed 23．The teacher recommended that we ________ more time reading extra-curricular books to improve our reading skills. A．will spend B．spent C．spend D．would spend 24．The teacher recommended that the students ________ easily when ________ difficulties. A．not give up; facing B．should give up; facing C．shouldn’t be given up; faced D．shouldn’t give up; faced 25．His suggestion is that we ________ (start) early tomorrow. A．started B．start C．starting D．to start 26．His suggestion is that the harvest _____ in before the rainy season comes. A．be got B．get C．should get D．got 27．She looks as if she ______ in a different era. A．is B．was C．were D．had been 28．His advice to his grandma is that she good use of her spare time. A．make B．made C．makes D．making 29．Burdened with overwhelming administrative and teaching assignments, the vice-principal put forward a suggestion at the weekly meeting ________ he ________ an extra assistant to distribute part of his heavy workload. A．whether; hires B．what; hired C．that; hire D．that; hires 30．The order came ______ all work ______ in this week. A．that; be completed B．that; should complete C．that; must be completed D．when; must complete 31．When the little girl stood in front of the huge painting, she stared at it silently ___________ she were lost in a world that no one else could see. A．even if B．if only C．as if D．only if 32．He talks about the accident so vividly as if he ________ it himself. A．had witnessed B．should witness C．has witnessed D．witnessed 33．Unless you are content with what you have, you would not be satisfied even if it ______. A．is doubled B．would be doubled C．will be doubled D．were doubled 34．He’s working hard for fear that he _______. A．should fall behind B．fell behind C．may fall behind D．would fallen behind 35．_______ the severe air pollution, it’s time we _______ measures to arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. A．On account of; take B．Despite; should take C．Account for; should take D．Due to; took 36．It's time that I about that essay. A．get down to think B．get down to thinking C．got down to think D．got down to thinking 37．Look at the heavy rain! ________ it would stop! A．Only if B．Even if C．Ever since D．If only 38．— He failed his driving test. — What a pity! If only he ________ what his driving instructor had been telling him. A．listened to B．would listen to C．had listened to D．should listen to 39．You ________ take an umbrella. It is going to rain. A．needn’t B．dare not C．had better D．are able to 40．Many people ______ approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．had better not 二、翻译 41．他怎么敢挑战老师的决定？(汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 42．这会引起上火。(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 43．你的手机一定出问题了。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________ 44．为了实现你的目标，你应该上课认真听讲，积极思考。(汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 45．你最好在忘记她的电话号码之前把它写下来。(汉译英) ________________________________________________ 46．他们肯定已经回来了，不是吗？（汉译英） _______________________________________________________? 47．时间很充足，他本不必要着急。（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 48．要是我早些时候被邀请，我就会和你一起去了。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________ 49．要不是你的及时提醒，我昨天就犯了大错。（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 50．it 形式主语 + that 主语从句： 对于那些超重的人，恰当减肥很重要。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 51．我的指导老师建议我应该报名高级文学。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 52．阅读这本书仿佛将我从沉睡中唤醒。(汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 53．他表达了希望能去国外学习的愿望。(汉译英) ________________________________ 54．我觉得好像有一把刀刺进了我的心里，我的眼泪不停地流下来。（汉译英） ___________________________________ 55．我们是时候采取措施去保护濒危动物了。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、 1．C 【解析】句意：看电视前你必须完成作业。这是家规。A. can能；B. may可以；C. must必须；D. might可能。根据题干中的That’s the family rule.可知，此处表示强制性的要求，意为“必须”做某事。 2．A 【解析】句意：——我想知道能不能借你的新相机，为这个项目拍些照片。——如果你不小心爱护它，你不能用我的相机。A. shan’t禁止；B. might not可能不；C. needn’t不必；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据“if you don’t handle it with great care”可知，此空用shan’t，意为“不许”，表示警告。 3．C 【解析】句意：你不应该在睡觉前吃太多食物，因为这对你的健康有害。A. needn’t不必；B. need需要；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. should应该。根据“because it’s bad for your health”可推知，因为对健康有害，所以是不应该睡觉前吃太多食物。 4．B 【解析】句意：仿佛整个地区的一切都被摧毁了。as if引导的从句表示与现在的事情相反，使用虚拟语气，从句使用一般过去时，be动词统一用were。 5．C 【解析】句意：如果我当时更加细心一点，我就不会在报告里犯这样的错误了。本句为虚拟条件句，主句wouldn’t have made是对过去情况的虚拟，对应的从句需要用过去完成时，从句谓语用had been。 6．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气，时态，主谓一致和被动语态。句意：如果约翰逊能够兑现当初助其当选的那些承诺，那么就需要投入大量资金来实施各个领域的全面改革。if引导的从句表示将来不太可能实现的事情，用were to do或should do，主句陈述的是在假设成立后会产生的一个真实的结果，因此时态用一般将来时，故选B。 7．C 【解析】句意：如果我昨晚有空，我就参加你的生日派对了。根据would have attended可知，是对过去的虚拟，从句用had done；if虚拟条件句可省略if，将had提前构成部分倒装。 8．B 【解析】句意：要不是交通堵塞，我就赶上火车了。主句谓语是would have caught，说明是对过去事实的虚拟，从句需要使用过去完成时had done结构，省略if的倒装规则为：从句有had时，去掉if，把had提前，B选项Had it not been符合语法规则。 9．A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在时间紧迫的情况下，远程手术可以促进治疗过程。不幸的是，医务人员只是驳回了这个选择，理由是担心连接问题。动词facilitate意为“促进，促使”。could have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做，强调过去有能力或有条件做某事，而实际没有做。must have done是对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”。may have done是对过去事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，不用于虚拟语气。“could+动词原形”表示做某事的能力，或对现在或将来事情的虚拟，不用于对过去事情的虚拟。这句话描述的是过去本可能发生的情形，但实际上并没有发生，属于对过去事情的假设，所以本句话应该使用could have done的结构。故选A。 10．D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我过去努力改进我的工艺，我现在会成为一个受欢迎的工匠。分析句子可知，这里考查虚拟语气，从句对过去假设，时态用过去完成时，主语对现在假设，谓语动词应用would do结构。故选D项。 11．D 【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：蜜蜂能帮助植物生长。没有蜜蜂，我们就不会有足够的食物。A. From从；B. Like像；C. Except除了；D. Without没有。由语意可知，这里表示“没有”蜜蜂的后果，构成含蓄虚拟语气，应用介词Without。故选D项。 12．D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：很高兴你告诉我昨天的演出取消了。否则我就白跑一趟了。这里otherwise引出含蓄虚拟条件，根据told可知是对过去情况的虚拟，主句要用would have done结构。故选D项。 13．B 【解析】句意：每个学生养成良好的学习习惯至关重要。It is vital that句型中从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)+ 动词原形，should可省略，可知应填动词原形form。 14．A 【解析】句意：建立人工智能透明度标准以防止算法偏见是至关重要的。道德框架和监管监督对于值得信赖的人工智能发展至关重要。“It is vital that...”为固定句型，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，且从句必须用虚拟语气，谓语部分为(should) do。 15．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：像杰瑞这样的人才竟然离开了他最喜欢的工作，真是太遗憾了。“It is a pity+that从句”意为“竟然；居然”时，表示出乎意料的事情，that后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”。故选C。 16．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：爱好和平的人们的确认为利比亚的暴力冲突是时候该结束了。A. come to an end结束；B. put to an end使……结束；C. came to an end结束；D. bring to an end使……结束；根据虚拟语气的用法，“It is time that 句型”中的谓语动词要使用一般过去时形式，因此A项不正确，B 项put an end 的意思是“使……结束”，与句子表达的含义一致需使用被动语态。D 项put an end 的意思是“使……结束”，与句子表达的含义一致需使用被动语态。C 项came to an end 的含义是“结束”，与句子表达的含义一致，且符合虚拟语气的用法，故选C 项。 17．C 【解析】句意：建议我们在开始这个项目之前制定一个计划。在“It is recommended that...”句型中，that引导的主语从句需要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式应为should + 动词原形，其中should可以省略。因此，从句部分应为we (should) make a plan。 18．C 【解析】句意：测试结果表明，恢复计划以及新的跑步技巧是有效的，因此建议训练营再延长一周。第一个suggest表示“表明，暗示”，其后的宾语从句使用陈述语气，从句主语为the recovery plan as well as the new running techniques，当主语后接as well as时，谓语动词的单复数需与前面的主语保持一致，the recovery plan为单数，故用is。第二个suggest表示“建议”，其后的主语从句需使用虚拟语气，谓语动词结构为“(should)+动词原形”，且the training camp与extend“延长”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。 19．D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我真希望上周末没浪费那么多时间玩电脑游戏。句中时间状语last weekend表明是对过去事情的虚拟，且wish后接从句表示“但愿当初没……”，对过去虚拟要用had done结构，此处为否定句。故选D。 20．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们希望我们学校有一个更大的图书馆，里面有更多的书。该空动词have在wish的宾语从句中作谓语动词，应使用虚拟语气，表示与现状相反的愿望，应使用一般过去时。故选B项。 21．B 【解析】句意：我宁愿你现在给我一些关于英语写作的实用建议。would rather从句对现在虚拟，从句谓语动词用过去式，give的过去式为gave。 22．B 【解析】句意：我宁愿你明天待在家里。would rather后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词需使用虚拟语气；当表示对现在或将来的虚拟时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；当表示对过去的虚拟时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；题干中有时间状语tomorrow，表示对将来的虚拟，因此从句谓语动词应用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为stayed。 23．C 【解析】句意：老师建议我们多花时间阅读课外书籍，来提高阅读能力。recommend后面的宾语从句中，使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用should do，should可以省略。 24．A 【解析】句意：老师建议学生遇到困难时不要轻易放弃。recommend后面宾语从句需用虚拟语气：(should) + 动词原形，should 可以省略。否定式为：(should) not + 动词原形，第一空应为not give up；第二空处为状语从句的省略，the students和face是主动关系，用现在分词facing，when facing difficulties = when (they are) facing difficulties。 25．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他的建议是我们明天早点出发。His suggestion“他的建议”是主句主语，表语从句“that we ________ (start) early tomorrow”阐述“建议”的内容，此表语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”，should可以省略。故选B。 26．A 【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：他的建议是在雨季到来之前收获庄稼。suggestion意为“建议”，其后的表语从句应用（should）do虚拟语气，should可以省略。动词get意为“获得”，和主语构成被动关系，用被动语态。故选A。 27．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：她看起来好像生活在另一个时代。as if 引导的表语从句表示与事实相反的情况，应用虚拟语气；这里与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时，be 动词用 were，故选 C。 28．A 【解析】考查虚拟语气、动词短语。句意：他给奶奶的建议是让她好好利用业余时间。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，根据虚拟语气的用法，名词advice后面的表语从句使用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词使用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，又因make good use of为固定短语，含义为“好好利用”，符合句意，故选A项。 29．C 【解析】句意：由于承担着繁重的行政和教学任务，副校长在周会上提出了一个建议，即他雇佣一名额外的助手来分担他部分繁重的工作量。第一空引导同位语从句，用于解释说明名词suggestion的具体内容，从句主谓宾结构和语义均完整，因此应用无实际意义的连词that引导；第二空，“suggestion (建议)”后的同位语从句需使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词结构为“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故使用动词原形hire。 30．A 【解析】句意：命令下达了，所有的工作必须在本周内完成。第一空，that引导同位语从句，解释说明名词order的具体内容，为了避免句子头重脚轻，该从句被置于谓语动词came之后；第二空，表示命令、建议、要求等含义的名词（如order）后的同位语从句需使用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为“(should) + 动词原形”。同时，从句主语all work与动词complete之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(should) be completed，其中should可以省略。 31．C 【解析】句意：当小女孩站在那幅巨大的画前时，她默默凝视着它，仿佛置身于一个无人能见的世界之中。A. even if即使；B. if only要是……就好了；C. as if仿佛，好像；D. only if只有当。“she were lost in a world that no one else could see”用虚拟语气描述小女孩仿佛沉浸在另一个世界的状态，as if符合题意。 32．A 【解析】句意：他把那场事故谈论得如此生动，就好像他亲自目睹了它一样。as if 引导的状语从句中，当从句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，谓语动词需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词）。句中“目睹事故”发生在过去，且为假设情况，因此应用过去完成时。 33．D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：除非你满足于你所拥有的，否则即使拥有加倍你也不会满足。此处是even if引导的让步状语从句，根据主语谓语动词would not be可知句子用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，则从句用一般过去时态的被动语态，在虚拟语气中be动词用were，故选D。 34．A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他工作很努力，惟恐落后。在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中，从句用“should+动词原形”。故选A项。 35．D 【解析】考查介词短语和虚拟语气。句意：由于严重的空气污染，是时候采取措施提高人们的环境意识了。A项中On account of 译为“由于……”；B项中Despite 译为“尽管”；C项中Account for 译为“说明(原因、理由等),是……的原因”；D项中Due to译为“由于……”；在It is (high) time…句型中，time后的句子中的谓语要用一般过去时或should+do来表示对现在情况提出建议的虚拟语气，并且should不可以省略。结合句意，第一空表示“由于”，排除BC两项，第二空应用took或should take，故排除A。故选D项。 36．D 【解析】 考查短语和虚拟语气。句意：我该认真考虑一下那篇论文了。表示“开始，着手处理”短语为get down to doing sth.，故排除A、C选项；句型it’s time that+从句,表示“到了该做……的时候了”，从句需用虚拟语气，且从句中谓语动词需用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，should不能省略，故选D。 37．D 【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：看这大雨！要是它能停下来就好了！A. Only if只有在……条件下，引导条件状语从句；B. Even if即使，引导让步状语从句；C. Ever since自从，引导时间状语从句；D. If only但愿，要是……就好了，其后从句需用虚拟语气。“it would stop”使用了虚拟语气，因此用If only“但愿，要是……就好了”表达一种愿望。故选D。 38．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——他驾照考试不及格。——真可惜！要是他听了驾驶教练告诉他的话就好了。if only意为“要是……就好了”，它用于表达对现实情况的遗憾、后悔或希望，后面句子常用虚拟语气。此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，应用过去完成时。故选C。 39．C 【解析】句意：你最好带把伞。天要下雨了。A. needn’t不需要；B. dare not不敢；C. had better最好；D. are able to能够。用于提出建议，意为“最好做某事”为had better do sth.。 40．C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：很多人不敢再接近大自然，对他们来说，他们生来就享受的世界充满了威胁。A. can’t不能；B. needn’t不需要；C. dare not不敢；D. had better not最好不。根据句意可知，对很多人来说世界充满了威胁，所以他们不敢再接近大自然。故选C。 二、 41．How dare he challenge his teacher’s decision? 【解析】考查情态动词及特殊疑问句。表示“怎么”用how，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“敢”用情态动词dare，问句中将情态动词放在主语前；表示“他”用he，作主语；表示“挑战”用challenge，此处用动词原形；表示“老师的决定”用his teacher’s decision，作challenge的宾语。故翻译为How dare he challenge his teacher’s decision? 42．It may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies. 【解析】考查情态动词。“这”用It指代 ，作主语。“会”在这里表可能性，用may ，其后接动词原形。“引起某人做某事”常见表达为“make sb. do sth.” ，suffer from表示“遭受，患有”，“上火”结合语境表达为suffer from heat inside our bodies 。故译为It may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies. 43．There must be something wrong with your mobile phone. 【解析】考查There be句型和情态动词。“一定”用“must”，表示肯定推测；“出问题”常用固定表达“there be something wrong with...”，“你的手机”表达为“your mobile phone”。故译为There must be something wrong with your mobile phone. 44．To achieve your goals, you should listen attentively and think actively in class. 【解析】考查动词短语、副词、情态动词以及非谓语动词。“为了实现你的目标”放在句首作目的状语，翻译成to achieve your goals。“应该”用should表示，其后接动词原形。“上课认真听讲，积极思考”用listen attentively and think actively in class表示。故翻译为To achieve your goals, you should listen attentively and think actively in class. 45．You’d better write down her phone number before you forget it. 【解析】考查情态动词、时间状语从句和时态。表示“最好做某事”应用情态动词had better，后接动词原形；表示“写下”应用动词短语write down；表示“在……之前”应用连接词before；表示“忘记”应用动词forget；“忘记她的电话号码之前”为时间状语从句，从句描述将来的动作，应用一般现在时表将来，主语为you，谓语动词用原形forget。故翻译为You’d better write down her phone number before you forget it. 46．They must have come back, haven’t they? 【解析】本句是对过去动作的肯定推测，must have done结构用于对已发生事情的推测，“他们肯定已经回来了”译为 They must have come back，后半句为反意疑问句，前半句主语为they且助动词为 have，因此“不是吗”译为haven’t they。 47．There was plenty of time so he needn’t have hurried. 【解析】考查一般过去时和情态动词用法。表示“充足时间”应用plenty of time，此处应用there be结构表示“有”。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语plenty of time为不可数名词，be动词应用was。表示“本不必要做某事”应用needn’t have done。表示“着急”应用动词hurry。再结合其它汉语意思，前后文是因果关系，故翻译为There was plenty of time so he needn’t have hurried.。 48．If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you. 【解析】表示“要是”应用if引导条件状语从句；表示“我”应用I；表示“邀请”应用invite，I和invite为被动关系，需用被动语态；表示“早些时候”应用earlier；表示“和……一起”应用go with；表示“你”应用you；此处表示与过去事实相反，需用虚拟语气，if条件句谓语使用had been invited；主句谓语使用would have gone with。 49．But for your timely reminder, I would have made a big mistake yesterday. 【解析】本句为对过去事实的虚拟语气，句首“要不是”译为But for，用于引出虚拟条件，“你的及时提醒”译为名词短语your timely reminder，谓语动词使用would have done结构表示本会发生却未发生的事，“我昨天就犯了大错”译为 I would have made a big mistake yesterday。 50．For those who are overweight, it is very important that they try to lose weight properly 【解析】“对于”表达为for；“那些超重的人”表达为those who are overweight，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词those；“恰当减肥”表达为lose weight properly；“某人做某事很重要”表达为it is very important that sb. (should) do，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。 51．My adviser recommended that I (should) sign up for advanced literature. 【解析】“我的指导老师”可翻译为my adviser，作主句主语；“建议”可翻译为recommend，作主句谓语，句子陈述过去事实，所以用一般过去时态；“我应该报名高级文学”是建议的内容，作recommend的宾语从句。在英语中，当recommend表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略，从句主语为I，“报名”可翻译为固定短语sign up for，作从句的谓语动词；“高级文学”可翻译为advanced literature。 52．Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep. 【解析】考查虚拟语气、非谓语动词、时态、固定搭配。表示“阅读”用read，作主语，用动名词形式，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“这本书”用this book，作Reading的宾语。表示“让某人做某事”用make sb. do sth.，句子描述的是一种感觉，主句用一般过去时，谓语用过去式made。表示“我”用me，作made的宾语，表示“感觉”用feel，用省略to的不定式，作宾补。表示“仿佛”用as if引导的表语从句，从句中：表示“我”用I，作主语；表示“从……中唤醒某人”用wake up sb. from，从句描述的事情与过去事实相反，使用虚拟语气，时态用过去完成时，且wake up与主语为被动关系，句子用过去完成时的被动语态；表示“沉睡”用a long sleep，作from的宾语。故翻译为Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep. 53．He expressed the wish that he could study abroad. 【解析】考查动词（短语）、名词、同位语从句和虚拟语气。句子应该是描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时；主语“他”用代词he，谓语“表达”可用动词express，宾语“愿望”可用名词the wish；“希望能去国外学习”是the wish的具体内容，可用that引导同位语从句，对其进行说明，从句描述就当时而言将来不太可能实现的愿望，应用虚拟语气，谓语部分可用“could+动词原形”的形式，其中隐含的主语“他”用代词he，“去国外学习”可用动词短语study abroad。故可译为：He expressed the wish that he could study abroad. 54．I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart and my tears kept running down. 【解析】“觉得”表达为feel，根据语境，此句用一般过去时felt；“好像”表达为as if，后接从句与现在事实相反，应用虚拟语气，be动词为were；“一把刀刺进了我的心里”表达为a knife pierce my heart；“眼泪不停地流下来”表达为one’s tears keep running down，并列谓语用过去式kept。 55．It is high time that we should take measures to protect endangered animals. 【解析】考查固定句型和时态。表示“我们”应用代词we；表示“是时候做某事”应用固定句型It is high time that…，从句谓语用虚拟语气should+动词原形；表示“采取措施去做某事”应用短语take measures to do；表示“保护”应用动词protect；表示“濒危动物”应用名词短语endangered animals；故翻译为It is high time that we should take measures to protect endangered animals. 一、阅读理解 A It started in a jeep, on an ordinary ride home from school. Sixth grader Harrison Burgess sat in the car, with his dad listening to news reports about the deadly wildfires in Los Angeles. His heart sank. But unlike most moments that passed in his daily life, this one stayed with him. “I told my dad I wanted to do something to help,” Harrison recalled. “People had lost everything. I couldn’t just sit with that.” Years earlier, Harrison’s father had lost his childhood home to a house fire. Harrison remembered hearing how the Red Cross had stepped in when everything was gone. “That story made it real for me,” Harrison said. “I wanted to help people in the same situation my dad had been in.” Harrison approached the principal of his school, Steve Ruthford, and together they created a plan to raise funds for the Red Cross. Still, Harrison had to face his own fear. “I have stage fright,” he admitted. “But I stood in front of my classmates and talked about the fundraiser anyway. My teachers were there for support, and that helped.” With posters, morning announcements, and a donation jar in the office, the campaign took off. Slowly, coins and bills poured in — each one a testament (证明) to the generosity of students, teachers, and families who believed in the cause. “I was really surprised by how much we raised,” Harrison said. What mattered most to Harrison was that many people joined him. “I wasn’t the only one who helped,” he said. “My parents, friends, and teachers — so many people made this happen. It took a community to do big things.” “I don’t really know my role in the world yet,” Harrison said. “But this helps me figure it out. I know I want to have a positive impact.” To the families who may receive the money, Harrison would simply say, “I’m glad we could help you in a tough time.” 1．How did Harrison feel when he heard about the wildfires? A．Distant. B．Curious. C．Concerned. D．Scared. 2．Why did Harrison decide to launch the campaign? A．He was moved by the survivors’ courage. B．He was inspired by his father’s experience. C．He was encouraged by his teachers’ support. D．He was amazed by the Red Cross’s kindness to Steve. 3．What did Harrison want to emphasize about the campaign in paragraph 6? A．It was promoted through combined efforts. B．It required plenty of careful planning. C．It erased public doubt about him. D．It enabled people to honor him. 4．What can we learn from the story? A．A hardship can shape one’s character. B．A shared goal has a short-lived effect. C．A brave choice can affect one’s future. D．A small act can make a big difference. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文讲述了少年Harrison听闻洛杉矶野火灾情后，受父亲过往经历触动，在校发起募捐活动支援红十字会，感悟众人合力方能成就大事。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sixth grader Harrison Burgess sat in the car, with his dad listening to news reports about the deadly wildfires in Los Angeles. His heart sank. (六年级学生Harrison Burgess坐在车里，父亲正收听有关洛杉矶致命野火的新闻报道。他心情沉重。)”以及第二段“I wanted to do something to help (我想做点什么来帮助他人)”可知，听到火灾消息时他内心忧虑。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Years earlier, Harrison’s father had lost his childhood home to a house fire. Harrison remembered hearing how the Red Cross had stepped in when everything was gone. ‘That story made it real for me,’ Harrison said. ‘I wanted to help people in the same situation my dad had been in.’ (多年前，Harrison的父亲在一场火灾中失去儿时的家。Harrison记得红十字会在他父亲一无所有时伸出援手。Harrison说：“这个故事让我真切感受到灾难，我想去帮助和父亲遭遇同样困境的人们。”)”可知，父亲的经历启发了他。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“‘I was really surprised by how much we raised,’ Harrison said. What mattered most to Harrison was that many people joined him. ‘I wasn’t the only one who helped,’ he said. ‘My parents, friends, and teachers — so many people made this happen. It took a community to do big things.’ (“我非常惊讶于我们筹集到的善款数额，”Harrison说。对他来说最重要的是，有很多人加入了他。“帮助我的不只是我一个人，”他说，“我的父母、朋友和老师——有这么多人让这一切成为可能。要成就大事，需要一个社区的支持。”)”可知，他想强调的是这场募捐是大家共同努力的成果。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“‘I don’t really know my role in the world yet,’ Harrison said. ‘But this helps me figure it out. I know I want to have a positive impact.’ To the families who may receive the money, Harrison would simply say, ‘I’m glad we could help you in a tough time.’ (“我现在还不太清楚自己在世界上的角色，”Harrison说，“但这件事帮我找到了方向，我希望能带来积极的影响。”对于可能收到捐款的家庭，Harrison想说：“很高兴我们能在艰难时刻帮到你们。”)”可知，少年发起的这场募捐行动，给受灾家庭带去帮助，小小的善举能够带来巨大影响。 B In mountain villages, seaside towns and quiet country communities, a new kind of workday is beginning. Laptops are opened beside tea fields. Video meetings are held in rebuilt farmhouses. People finish a report, close the screen and walk into the woods. Scenic spots used to be places for short visits. Now some serve as temporary offices.Those who bring their work here are called digital nomads, including freelancers (自由作家), entrepreneurs and online workers. With a laptop and steady internet, they are free from a fixed desk or city. This lifestyle is no longer limited to a small group of travelers. Special communities provide bedrooms, shared offices and social activities in holiday areas. Businesses also offer “workcation” packages, mixing work and vacation together. In Anji, an eastern mountain county, an old bamboo factory has been turned into a home for remote workers. They stay for days or weeks, working outdoors, developing local projects and sharing ideas. Unlike tourists rushing to view sights, digital nomads settle down, enjoying local daily life. The appeal is clear. After morning online meetings, they can hike in mountains. Fresh surroundings help break boring office routines. Meanwhile, local businesses gain more income from these long-stay visitors. However, nomad life is not a perfect holiday. Deadlines still exist. Poor internet may cause work troubles. Besides, frequent moves require money and careful planning. It can be hard to separate work from rest when the bedroom doubles as an office. Despite these challenges, this trend is transforming travel. Digital nomads do not merely take work on holiday. They turn travel into daily life and rethink whether work has to be done in one building. The office has not disappeared — it can be packed into a backpack. 5．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By describing typical scenes. B．By defining a new concept directly. C．By putting forward a thought-provoking question. D．By making a contrast between the past and the present. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The charm of scenic spots. B．A new lifestyle and its followers. C．Ways of promoting“workcation” packages. D．Requirements for becoming digital nomads. 7．Why does the author mention Anji? A．To show the influence of digital nomads. B．To give an example of the digital nomad trend. C．To stress the urgent need for economic growth. D．To compare digital nomads with traditional tourists. 8．What is the author’s attitude toward nomad life? A．Dismissive. B．Opposed. C．Concerned. D．Supportive. 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 【解析】文章主要讲述了数字游民这一新兴群体将工作与旅行融合，重塑传统办公与旅行方式的现象。 5．推理判断题。​根据第一段中“Laptops are opened beside tea fields. Video meetings are held in rebuilt farmhouses. People finish a report, close the screen and walk into the woods.(笔记本电脑在茶田旁打开。视频会议在翻修的农舍里举行。人们完成一份报告，合上屏幕，走进树林)”可知，作者通过描述茶田边用笔记本电脑工作、农舍里开视频会议、结束后走进树林等典型场景来引出数字游民的话题。 6．主旨大意题。​根据第二段中Scenic spots used to be places for short visits. Now some serve as temporary offices.Those who bring their work here are called digital nomads, including freelancers (自由作家), entrepreneurs and online workers. With a laptop and steady internet, they are free from a fixed desk or city. This lifestyle is no longer limited to a small group of travelers. Special communities provide bedrooms, shared offices and social activities in holiday areas. Businesses also offer “workcation” packages, mixing work and vacation together.(景点过去只是短途游览的地方，如今有一些景点成了临时办公场所。把工作带到这里的人被称为数字游民，其中包括自由职业者、创业者和线上工作者。只要一台笔记本电脑和稳定的网络，他们就不用局限在固定工位或是固定城市。这种生活方式不再只是一小部分旅行者的选择。特色社群在度假区内提供住宿、共享办公空间以及社交活动；商家也推出 “工作度假套餐”，将工作与度假融为一体。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了数字游民这种新型生活方式以及该生活方式的相关追随者。 7．推理判断题。​根据第三段中“In Anji, an eastern mountain county, an old bamboo factory has been turned into a home for remote workers.(在东部山区县安吉，一家旧的竹工厂被改造成了远程工作者的家园)”以及后文描述数字游民在安吉的工作生活状态可知，作者提到安吉是为了举例说明数字游民这一趋势。 8．推理判断题。​根据最后一段中“Despite these challenges, this trend is transforming travel. Digital nomads do not merely take work on holiday. They turn travel into daily life and rethink whether work has to be done in one building. The office has not disappeared — it can be packed into a backpack.(尽管存在这些挑战，这一趋势正在改变旅行。数字游民不仅仅是在度假时带着工作。他们将旅行变成日常生活，并重新思考工作是否必须在一栋楼里完成。办公室并没有消失——它可以被装进背包)”可知，作者虽然提到了数字游民的生活的一些挑战，但整体上是肯定和支持这种生活方式的，认为它改变了传统的办公和旅行方式。 C Nick Relph, a British artist based in New York, has spent seven years wandering city streets at night. Lingering near construction fences, he uses a small digital scanner to take pictures of building drawings. Unlike graffiti artists who leave their marks on urban spaces, Relph extracts art from the city, collecting a vast archive (档案) of digital streetscapes that document New York’s ever-changing skyline and the mythical, sometimes scary future it promises. At 42, Relph first rose to fame 20 years ago with experimental videos made together with his former art-school classmate Oliver Payne. Their works mixed city and countryside scenes, experimental music and a feeling of aimlessness, thinking about the sense of belonging. Now he turns his attention to ignored corners of New York building sites. There, drawings of luxury buildings must be shown in public according to city law. These drawings work both as real previews and fictional advertising tools. His new book Eclipse Body & Soul Syntax includes over 100 digital streetscapes. Some carry graffiti marks or are changed by poor scanning, showing the disorder and randomness of city life. Critics believe his works hold a special position in New York street photography. He combines the style of artists like Berenice Abbott with post-internet ideas, challenging the boundary between reality and fiction in the digital world. In a recent interview, Relph explained that his work is not just about capturing buildings, but about documenting a city in flux (不断变化) — one that is always becoming, never fully finished. “These drawings promise a perfect future, but they’re often disconnected from the people who live here,” he said. “I want to show the gap between that promise and the messy, beautiful reality of New York, to capture the city’s unfinished soul.” 9．Why does Relph scan building drawings by construction fences? A．To help advertise new luxury buildings. B．To protect drawings from graffiti damage. C．To collect materials for his experimental videos. D．To record the evolving city and its imagined future. 10．Which word can best describe Relph? A．Ambitious and strict. B．Cautious and quiet. C．Creative and observant. D．Courageous and confident. 11．What can we infer about Relph’s new book? A．It keeps unchanged images. B．It explores reality and fiction. C．It shows perfect skyscraper photos. D．It explains building laws clearly. 12．Which statement best explains “the city’s unfinished soul”? A．People dislike building plans. B．The city lacks enough artists. C．Buildings are under construction. D．The city is constantly changing. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D 【解析】文章介绍了Nick Relph是一位通过扫描建筑图纸来记录纽约不断变化的天际线和未来的艺术家，他的作品探索了现实与虚构的界限。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unlike graffiti artists who leave their marks on urban spaces, Relph extracts art from the city, collecting a vast archive (档案) of digital streetscapes that document New York’s ever-changing skyline and the mythical, sometimes scary future it promises. (与在城市空间留下印记的涂鸦艺术家不同，Relph从城市中提取艺术，收集大量数字街景档案，记录纽约不断变化的天际线和它所承诺的神秘、有时令人恐惧的未来)”可知，Relph扫描建筑图纸是为了记录不断发展的城市及其想象中的未来。 10．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Lingering near construction fences, he uses a small digital scanner to take pictures of building drawings. Unlike graffiti artists who leave their marks on urban spaces, Relph extracts art from the city (他在施工围挡附近徘徊，用小型数码扫描仪拍摄建筑图纸。与在城市空间留下印记的涂鸦艺术家不同，Relph从城市中提取艺术)”、第二段中“Now he turns his attention to ignored corners of New York building sites. (现在，他开始关注纽约建筑工地中那些被忽视的角落)”和第三段中“He combines the style of artists like Berenice Abbott with post-internet ideas, challenging the boundary between reality and fiction in the digital world. (他将像Berenice Abbott这样的艺术家的风格与后互联网理念相结合，挑战数字世界中现实与虚构的界限)”可知，Relph用扫描仪从城市中提取艺术，关注纽约建筑工地被忽视的角落，而且挑战现实与虚构的边界，表明他极具创造力且善于观察。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He combines the style of artists like Berenice Abbott with post-internet ideas, challenging the boundary between reality and fiction in the digital world. (他将像Berenice Abbott这样的艺术家的风格与后互联网理念相结合，挑战数字世界中现实与虚构的界限)”可推知，Relph的新书探索了现实与虚构。 12．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“In a recent interview, Relph explained that his work is not just about capturing buildings, but about documenting a city in flux (不断变化) — one that is always becoming, never fully finished. (在最近的采访中，Relph解释说，他的作品不仅仅是捕捉建筑，而是记录一个不断变化的城市——一个永远在变化、永远不会完全完成的城市)”和“I want to show the gap between that promise and the messy, beautiful reality of New York, to capture the city’s unfinished soul. (我想展示那种承诺与纽约混乱而美丽的现实之间的差距，捕捉这座城市未完成的灵魂)”可知，他所说的“城市未完成的灵魂”指的是城市始终处于不断变化和发展的状态。 D At Stoke Primary School in Coventry, there are many four-year-olds among those starting in reception class who can’t sit still, hold a pencil or speak more than a four-word sentence. Lucy Fox, the assistant headteacher, is in no doubt what is causing this: their early exposure to screens, and a lot of it. At another school in Hampshire, a longtime reception teacher says she has noticed children getting frustrated if activities aren’t instant and “smooth” — something she thinks comes from playing games on a phone or tablet. There is also something of an attitude shift, Lucy says — a kind of individualism that she’s convinced comes from playing alone on a device. “We are having to model to children how to be with others, how you work as a team, how you share things, because they’re so used to having their own time, doing their own thing. We’re losing a big part of being human, and if these young children don’t get all those skills, they’re not going to pick them up later on.” Preschool children can catch up to a certain extent if the screens are reduced to a bare minimum and time is spent on building other skills. Their language levels at age four are one of the biggest predictors of their later academic achievement at GCSE level and beyond. So it really is important that we put the work in with children way before they go to school. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends children under two should get no screen time at all, and for those aged two to four, a maximum of one hour. Gillespie, an Australian writer and researcher, hopes the government will “give parents the kind of practical, real-world guidance that takes account of the fact that we’ve probably missed the boat on the WHO guidance”. 13．Why do many four-year-olds fail to focus? A．They hate slow events. B．They dislike school activities. C．They play games alone on tablets. D．They use screens a lot from an early age. 14．What is Lucy’s concern? A．Children lack social and cooperative skills. B．Children care only about their own needs. C．Children refuse to share devices with others. D．Children tend to expect instant fun from screens. 15．What does the underlined phrase “missed the boat” in the last paragraph mean? A．Failed to follow WHO’s advice strictly. B．Lost the chance to understand WHO’s guidance. C．Missed the time to take children to school. D．Had no belief in WHO’s suggestions. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Screen time: a piece of cake B．WHO’s advice: a silver bullet C．Screens: a heavy blow to young kids D．Social skills: a drop in the bucket 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．A 16．C 【解析】本文指出幼儿过早大量接触电子屏幕，带来专注力、语言与社交能力方面的问题，同时介绍世卫组织针对儿童屏幕使用时长给出的相关建议。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Lucy Fox, the assistant headteacher, is in no doubt what is causing this: their early exposure to screens, and a lot of it. (副校长Lucy Fox毫不怀疑造成这一现象的原因：孩子们很早就大量接触电子屏幕。)”可知，很多四岁孩子无法集中注意力的原因是从小大量接触电子屏幕。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“We are having to model to children how to be with others, how you work as a team, how you share things, because they’re so used to having their own time, doing their own thing. (我们不得不给孩子示范如何与人相处、团队协作、分享物品，因为他们习惯只顾自己、做自己的事。)”可知，Lucy担心孩子们缺少社交与合作技能。 15．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Gillespie, an Australian writer and researcher, hopes the government will ‘give parents the kind of practical, real-world guidance that takes account of the fact that we’ve probably missed the boat on the WHO guidance’. (澳大利亚作家兼研究员Gillespie希望政府能为家长提供务实、贴合现实的指导，同时要考虑到：在落实世卫组织的指导建议这件事上，我们或许已经missed the boat。)”以及前文提到的现实情况——很多孩子已经过早接触了大量屏幕可知，此处是指没能严格遵循世卫组织的建议，家长们很可能已经错失良机。 16．主旨大意题。第一段举例说明四岁幼儿因长期接触屏幕出现专注力等问题；第二段介绍教师Lucy的担忧，指出屏幕使用催生个人主义，造成社交合作技能缺失；第三段说明减少屏幕时间有助于孩子弥补能力短板，并介绍世卫组织有关儿童屏幕时长的建议。由此可知，全文围绕电子屏幕对低龄幼儿产生的负面影响展开，因此C选项“Screens: a heavy blow to young kids (电子屏幕：对幼童的沉重打击)”最适合作为文章标题。 二、完形填空 Two years ago today, I was just like you — buried in textbooks and worried about the college entrance examination. People often say the exam is a hurdle — once you clear it, the road ahead becomes 17 . Back then, those words seemed distant and hard to 18 . Now, I can’t help but look back on how much has changed. Once, I accidentally 19 for the triple jump. I struggled at first, but grew more 20 with each attempt. To my surprise, I did pretty well. I also joined the debate club, where I have learned to think on my feet, express my ideas clearly and truly 21 different perspectives. But the best part? I found what I love. I joined ROBOCON as part of the vision team. Those two months of training and preparation were both demanding and deeply 22 . Starting from 23 , I learned the basics and application of programming. It gave me a sense of achievement that was hard to 24 . In college, you’re free to explore. Whether it’s joining clubs that 25 you, or simply trying out many activities 26 on campus, there’s always something new to 27 . College offers chances far beyond textbooks. It encourages us to step out of our 28 and dare to try the unknown. 29 , we may meet failures, yet every setback teaches us valuable lessons. We gradually figure out what truly 30 to us and walk toward our goals more 31 . 17．A．smoother B．safer C．narrower D．gentler 18．A．predict B．ignore C．believe D．confirm 19．A．sign up B．put up C．draw up D．make up 20．A．cautious B．determined C．flexible D．curious 21．A．adapt to B．stick to C．listen to D．turn to 22．A．boring B．rewarding C．disappointing D．confusing 23．A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything 24．A．measure B．access C．grasp D．describe 25．A．attract B．comfort C．challenge D．serve 26．A．available B．reliable C．valuable D．possible 27．A．select B．adopt C．acquire D．discover 28．A．comfort zone B．safety belt C．memory bank D．control panel 29．A．Gradually B．Obviously C．Occasionally D．Eventually 30．A．happens B．refers C．matters D．belongs 31．A．patiently B．casually C．calmly D．bravely 【答案】 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B 21．C 22．B 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．C 31．D 【解析】本文通过作者自身大学经历，寄语即将高考的学子：大学应走出舒适区，自由探索，不惧偶尔的失败，认清什么对自己真正重要，勇敢追逐目标。 17．考查形容词。句意：人们常说这场考试是一道难关——一旦跨过它，前方的道路就会变得更加平坦。A. smoother更平坦的；B. safer更安全的；C. narrower更狭窄的；D. gentler更温和的。根据上文“the exam is a hurdle — once you clear it”可知，跨过高考这道障碍，前路会变得更加平坦顺畅。 18．考查动词。句意：在那时，这些话语听上去十分遥远，令人难以相信。A. predict预测；B. ignore忽视；C. believe相信；D. confirm证实。根据上文“Two years ago today, I was just like you — buried in textbooks and worried about the college entrance examination.”和空前“those words seemed distant and hard to”可知，身处备考压力之下，作者很难相信跨过高考前路就会变好的说法。 19．考查动词短语。句意：曾经，我偶然报名参加了三级跳远。A. sign up报名；B. put up张贴，搭建；C. draw up起草；D. make up编造，组成。根据下文“I struggled at first, but grew more ______ with each attempt. To my surprise, I did pretty well.”可知，下文讲述了作者为三级跳远准备的过程，此处指作者报名参加三级跳远项目。 20．考查形容词。句意：一开始我很吃力，但每一次尝试过后，我变得更加意志坚定。A. cautious谨慎的；B. determined意志坚定的；C. flexible灵活的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“I struggled at first”和转折词but可知，虽然一开始很难，但反复尝试让作者意志变得更加坚定。 21．考查动词短语。句意：我还加入了辩论社团，在那里我学会了反应敏捷地、清晰地表达自己的观点，并且真正倾听不同的观点。A. adapt to适应；B. stick to坚持；C. listen to倾听；D. turn to求助于。根据上文“joined the debate club”和空后“different perspectives”可知，在辩论活动中需要倾听各方不同看法。 22．考查形容词。句意：那两个月的训练和准备既要求严苛，又使人收获满满。A. boring枯燥的；B. rewarding有回报的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据上文“I found what I love. I joined ROBOCON as part of the vision team.”可知，做自己热爱的事情，虽然辛苦，却收获良多，此处rewarding与demanding形成对比。 23．考查不定代词。句意：从零开始，我学习编程的基础知识与应用。A. anything任何事物；B. nothing没有什么；C. something某物；D. everything一切。根据下文“I learned the basics and application of programming”可知，此处指作者零基础学习编程，固定搭配start from nothing表示“从零开始”。 24．考查动词。句意：它带给我一种难以描述的成就感。A. measure测量；B. access访问；C. grasp抓住；D. describe描述。根据上文“It gave me a sense of achievement that was hard to”可知，这份成就感是很难用语言去描述的。 25．考查动词。句意：无论是加入吸引你的社团，还是只是尝试校园里众多可参与的活动，总有新事物等待你去发现。A. attract吸引；B. comfort安慰；C. challenge挑战；D. serve服务。根据上文“joining clubs”可知，可以去参加那些吸引自己的社团。 26．考查形容词。句意：无论是加入吸引你的社团，还是只是尝试校园里众多可参与的活动，总有新事物等待你去发现。A. available可获得的、可用的；B. reliable可靠的；C. valuable有价值的；D. possible可能的。根据空前“many activities”和空后“on campus”可知，此处指校园内可供学生参与的各类活动。 27．考查动词。句意：无论是加入吸引你的社团，还是只是尝试校园里众多可参与的活动，总有新事物等待你去发现。A. select挑选；B. adopt采纳；C. acquire获得；D. discover发现。根据上文“In college, you’re free to explore.”可知，探索就是不断去发现新鲜事物。 28．考查名词短语。句意：它鼓励我们走出舒适区，敢于去尝试未知事物。A. comfort zone舒适区；B. safety belt安全带；C. memory bank记忆库；D. control panel控制面板。根据下文“dare to try the unknown”可知，走出自己的舒适区。 29．考查副词。句意：偶尔我们可能遭遇失败，但每一次挫折都带给我们宝贵的教训。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Obviously明显地；C. Occasionally偶尔；D. Eventually最终。根据后文“we may meet failures”可知，尝试过程中失败不是常态，只是偶尔会发生。 30．考查动词。句意：我们逐渐弄明白什么对我们真正重要，并且更加勇敢地朝着目标前行。A. happens发生；B. refers提及；C. matters要紧，重要；D. belongs属于。根据下文“walk toward our goals”可知，找到重要的事，然后才能朝着目标前进，固定搭配matter to sb.意为“对某人来说重要”。 31．考查副词。句意：我们逐渐弄明白什么对我们真正重要，并且更加勇敢地朝着目标前行。A. patiently耐心地；B. casually随意地；C. calmly冷静地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据上文“dare to try the unknown”可知，我们会更加勇敢地奔赴目标。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 AI: Transforming Our Daily Lives Artificial intelligence (AI) 32 (become) an indispensable part of our daily lives in recent years. From voice assistants on our phones to smart home systems, AI is changing 33 we live, work, and communicate. In the field of education, AI-powered learning platforms can provide personalized learning plans 34 (base) on students’ learning progress and habits. These platforms can also grade assignments automatically, 35 (save) teachers a lot of time and energy. In healthcare, AI is used to analyze medical images, helping doctors detect diseases 36 (early) and more accurately. AI robots can also assist in surgeries, 37 (reduce) the risk of human error. However, AI also brings some challenges. For example, the use of AI may lead to job losses in some industries, and there are concerns about 38 (person) data privacy. Therefore, it is important 39 (develop) AI in a responsible and ethical way. As students, we should learn to use AI 40 (wise) to improve our learning efficiency, while also being aware of its potential risks. We need to develop critical thinking skills to distinguish between reliable and unreliable AI-generated information, and use AI as a tool 41 (help) us grow and achieve our goals. 【答案】 32．has become 33．how 34．based 35．saving 36．earlier 37．reducing 38．personal 39．to develop 40．wisely 41．to help 【解析】文章主要讲述了人工智能近年已经融入日常生活。文章分别介绍 AI 在教育、医疗领域带来的便利；接着指出人工智能也存在就业冲击、个人隐私等隐患；最后呼吁学生要理性、明智地使用人工智能，培养批判性思维，把 AI 当作助力自身成长的工具。 32．考查现在完成时。句意：近年来，人工智能（AI）已成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。所填动词“become”作句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，句子使用现在完成时：have/has done。主语“Artificial intelligence (AI)”为第三人称单数，应是“has become”。 33．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：从手机上的语音助手到智能家居系统，人工智能正在改变我们生活、工作和交流的方式。“_______ we live, work, and communicate”为宾语从句，句中主谓结构完整，缺少方式状语，用“how”引导从句。 34．考查过去分词作定语。句意：在教育领域，基于人工智能的学习平台可以根据学生的学习进度和习惯提供个性化的学习计划。分析可知，“______ (base) on students’ learning progress and habits”为之前“learning plans”的后置定语，名词“plans”与动词“base”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式“based”。 35．考查现在分词作状语。句意：这些平台还可以自动批改作业，为教师节省大量时间和精力。“______ (save) teachers a lot of time and energy”为句子的结果状语；前面主句“These platforms can also grade assignments automatically(平台自动批改作业)” 这件事，自然而然带来后面的结果，应是用现在分词形式表达，即“saving”。 36．考查副词比较级。句意：在医疗领域，人工智能被用于分析医学影像，帮助医生更早、更准确地发现疾病。根据后文有并列连词“and”，连接并列成分“more accurately(更精准)”可推知，这里应是前后形式一致，用“early”的比较级“earlier”。 37．考查现在分词作状语。句意：AI机器人还可协助手术，降低人为错误的风险。分析可知，“_____ (reduce) the risk of human error”为之前主句“AI robots can also assist in surgeries(人工智能机器人也可用于辅助手术)”这件事自然带来的结果，用现在分词形式表达，即“reducing”。 38．考查形容词。句意：例如，人工智能的使用可能导致某些行业的岗位减少，并且人们对个人数据隐私存在担忧。分析可知，这里用形容词作定语，修饰名词“data”。“person”，名词，意为“个人”，其形容词形式为“personal(个人的)”。 39．考查动词不定式。句意：因此，以负责任的且有道德的方式发展人工智能至关重要。分析可知，“it”为形式主语，“_______ (develop) AI in a responsible and ethical way”为真正主语，用动词不定式表达，因此这里应是“to develop”。 40．考查副词。句意：作为学生，我们应该学会明智地使用人工智能来提高学习效率，同时也要意识到其潜在的风险。分析可知，这里用副词作状语，修饰动词“use”。“wise”，形容词，意为“聪明的，明智的”，其副词形式为“wisely(聪明地)”。 41．考查动词不定式。句意：我们需要培养批判性思维能力，以区分可靠与不可靠的人工智能生成信息，并将人工智能作为工具来帮助我们成长并实现目标。分析可知，“______ (help) us grow and achieve our goals”为目的状语，用动词不定式表达，因此填“to help”。 四、应用文写作 假定你校英文报正在征集主题为The power of Small Kindness的稿件，请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括： （1）叙述一次身边微小善意的经历； （2）谈谈你的感悟。 注意： （1）词数80左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Small kindnesses are simple but incredibly powerful, warming people’s hearts in ordinary days. Last Monday, I rushed to school without an umbrella and was caught in a sudden light rain. I had to stand helplessly at the street corner. Just then, a passing classmate shared her umbrella with me and walked me to school safely. This tiny act touched me deeply. I realize small kindness costs nothing, but it can bring great comfort to others. I will keep passing on such warmth to make our world more loving. 【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生以“The power of Small Kindness”为主题投稿，讲述一次身边微小善意的亲身经历，并阐述个人感悟，传递微小善意的温暖力量。 1. 词汇积累 极其地：incredibly → extremely 无助地：helplessly → powerlessly 意识到：realize → be aware 传递：pass on → spread 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I will keep passing on such warmth to make our world more loving. 拓展句：I will keep passing on such warmth so that our world can become more loving. 【高分句型 1】Small kindnesses are simple but incredibly powerful, warming people’s hearts in ordinary days. (运用了现在分词作伴随状语) 【高分句型 2】I realize small kindness costs nothing, but it can bring great comfort to others. (运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句，but连接并列句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $