学考专题04 名词：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题04 名词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 名词单复数 考点二 名词所有格 考点三 词形转换 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 名词是课标附录 3 中“不带星号”的基础词类——四个子项全部属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着名词不存在“学考不考”的部分，全部是必修必会，复习重点是“用对”而不是“学会”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 名词 可数名词及其单、复数 必修 熟练掌握规则与不规则复数变化；能依据空前限定词与谓语单复数判断名词的数 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 不可数名词 必修 熟练掌握常见不可数名词；能正确使用量词与相应的修饰词（much / many 分化） 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 专有名词 必修 掌握首字母大写规则；能识别含专有名词的固定表达 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 名词所有格 必修 熟练掌握 's 所有格与 of 所有格的选用；能识别双重所有格 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 构词法 派生法、转化法、合成法、缩写和简写 必修 能识别并运用常用词缀构成新词；词性转换（动词／形容词 → 名词）是语法填空最稳定的名词考法 熟练掌握 语法填空 边界说明 主谓一致（与名词的数直接相关） 必修 能判断集体名词、分数与百分数、the number of 与 a number of 等结构的主谓一致 正确理解和使用 语法填空 边界说明 数词的完整用法（分数、倍数、概数） 教材常规 课标未在名词条目下单列，但各版本教材均讲授，属常用表达 正确理解和使用 语法填空、写作 层级解读 ● 名词四个子项全部是必修内容，且属“应熟练掌握”层级——这是课标附录 3 中最基础的一批条目。不存在“学考不考名词”的情况，复习的关键是把“认识”升级为“用对”。 ● 构词法同样不带星号，属必修。其中派生法是名词板块在语法填空中最稳定的考法，词性转换每年必考 1—3 题，务必作为第一优先级。 ● 主谓一致与名词的“数”直接绑定。 ★ 易错提醒｜名词的“基础”不等于“不会错” 名词是最基础的词类，却是语法填空中最稳定的失分点。原因有二： 原因一：名词的考点高度依赖上下文。单复数由空前的限定词决定，词性转换由空前的介词或冠词决定——不读句子就看不出该填什么，这与“背规则就能答”的预期相反。 原因二：易错点极其集中。不可数名词误加 -s（advices、informations）、's 所有格多加 s（students's）、词性转换拼写错误（frequency 写成 frequance）——三类错误占名词失分的绝大多数。 本讲义的处理方式：全部九个知识点按“可数性 → 数 → 格 → 构词 → 用法”的顺序展开，每个知识点配速查表与易错提示，目标是把这三类集中失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 语法填空 名词每年必考 1—2 空，十年累计约 30 道真题 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 名词是语法填空的必考项，不可因“基础”而跳过 最稳定考法 词性转换（动词／形容词 → 名词）每年必考 1—3 题 构词法后缀必须练到脱口而出，这是投入产出比最高的部分 第二稳定考法 单复数判断（依据空前限定词与谓语单复数） 先读限定词再定数，顺序不能反 完形填空 名词词义辨析与兼类名词的语境判断 兼类名词（paper / experience / work）需按语境分辨 书面表达 单复数、所有格的准确使用 写作中不可数名词误加 -s 会直接拉低语言准确度分 干扰项设计 多为“可数／不可数混淆”“单复数误判”“'s 多加 s”三类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近五年全国卷名词的命题走向 ● 词性转换稳占首位。近年全国卷语法填空的名词空，几乎全部是“动词或形容词 → 抽象名词”的转换，如 frequent → frequency、develop → development、able → ability。判断信号固定：空格前有冠词、物主代词、形容词或介词。 ● 单复数判断高度依赖限定词。several、many、plenty of、all of 后用复数；a / an、this、each、every 后用单数；the number of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语 与 a number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语 是经典对比组。 ● 语境化趋势明显。单纯的词形变换减少，要求考生根据上下文判断名词的数与所有格，如 2025 年浙江 1 月卷的 people → people's、2022 年新课标Ⅱ卷的 son → son's。 ● 不可数名词持续设障。advice、information、equipment、furniture等高频不可数名词反复出现，是易错重灾区。 ● 兼类名词辨析升级。paper（纸／试卷）、experience（经验／经历）、work（工作／作品）等词的语境判断越来越灵活，完形填空中尤为常见。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先定可数性 拿到名词空先问一句“它有没有复数”：有 → 按可数处理，看限定词定单复数；没有 → 不可数，改用 much / a great deal of 修饰，绝不加 -s 可数不可数混淆、不可数名词误加 -s 再定数与格 看空前限定词定单复数，看空前介词或冠词定是否需词性转换；表所属且前面是有生命名词时，检查 's 的加法与词尾 单复数误判、's 多加 s 后固化 把十二个高频名词后缀与以 -s / -o / -f / -y 结尾的复数规则单独列表，限时默写并造句，替代零散记忆 构词法后缀记混、复数规则变形错误 2.1 名词的分类与可数性 分类标准 子类 含义 典型例词 可数性 标准一： 按意义分 专有名词 表示特定的人、事物、地点、机构等，首字母通常大写 China、the Great Wall、Monday、Mr. Smith — 个体名词 表示单个的人或物 student、book、city、tree 可数 集体名词 表示一群人或一类物的总和 family、team、class、police、cattle 视语义 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质 water、bread、paper、money 不可数 抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质等抽象概念 advice、information、progress、honesty 多不可数 标准二： 按数分 可数名词 有单复数之分 book / books 可数 不可数名词 无复数形式 advice / information 不可数 交叉关系 物质名词与抽象名词多为不可数；但抽象名词可“具体化”加 a / an a success（一件成功的事）、a surprise（一个惊喜）、a help（一份帮助） 可具体化 ★ 分类表要回答的三个问题 问题一：这个名词有复数形式吗？有 → 可数；没有 → 不可数。 问题二：单数出现时前面有冠词或限定词吗？可数名词单数不能单独出现，必须有 a / an / the / this / my 等，或变为复数。 问题三：抽象名词被“具体化”了吗？抽象名词一旦具体化，就要按可数名词处理，复数加 -s。 记忆主线：先分“可数／不可数”，再分“专有／普通”。可数性是第一位的判断，因为它直接决定单复数与冠词的使用。 ★ 易错提醒｜抽象名词的“具体化”是隐性考点 抽象名词通常是不可数的：advice（建议）、information（信息）、progress（进步）、knowledge（知识）——都不能加 -s。 但抽象名词被“具体化”时，就要按可数名词处理，前面加 a / an，复数加 -s： a success（一件成功的事）｜a surprise（一个惊喜）｜a pleasure（一件乐事）｜a help（一份帮助）｜a must（一件必备之物）｜a shame / a pity（一件遗憾的事） 判断方法：看它是否指“一件具体的事”而非“抽象概念”。Success comes from practice.（成功来自实践——不可数）｜The party was a great success.（派对很成功——一件成功的事，可数） 特别警示：experience 表“经验”不可数，表“经历”可数——He has much experience.（经验）｜He had many interesting experiences.（经历） 2.2 名词单复数规则变化 变化规则 读音提示 / 例外 例词 一般情况，加 -s 清辅音后读 /s/；浊辅音与元音后读 /z/ book → books　pen → pens　day → days　boy → boys 以 -s / -x / -ch / -sh 结尾，加 -es 读 /iz/ class → classes　box → boxes　watch → watches　dish → dishes 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es 元音字母 + y 结尾，只加 -s party → parties　city → cities　story → stories　（boy → boys） 以 -o 结尾：有生命加 -es，无生命加 -s — tomato → tomatoes　potato → potatoes　hero → heroes　photo → photos　radio → radios 以 -f / -fe 结尾：变 f / fe 为 v 加 -es 例外（直接加 -s）：roof → roofs　belief → beliefs　chief → chiefs　proof → proofs knife → knives　leaf → leaves　shelf → shelves　thief → thieves 四类特殊“加 -s”情形 — ① -oo 结尾：zoo → zoos　② 外来词：photo / piano / kilo → photos / pianos / kilos　③ 缩写词：photo(s)、kilo(s)、memo(s)　④ 专有名词：Filipino → Filipinos ★ 单复数判断的三条“秒判”信号（语法填空最实用） 信号一：空前有 several / many / a few / few / a number of / numbers of / all of / plenty of → 必须填复数。 信号二：空前有 a / an / this / that / each / every / another → 必须填单数。 信号三：谓语是 are / were → 主语用复数；谓语是 is / was → 主语用单数。 特别提醒：people（人们）、police（警察）、cattle（牛）看似单数，实为复数概念，作主语时谓语用复数，且不能再加 -s。 单复数判断的三条“秒判”信号 信号 具体标志 结论 空前限定词 several、many、a few、few、a number of、numbers of、all of、plenty of、these、those 必须填复数 空前限定词 a、an、this、that、each、every、another、one 必须填单数 谓语单复数 谓语是 are / were → 主语用复数；谓语是 is / was → 主语用单数 由谓语反推主语 固定搭配 the number of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语；a number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语 两组搭配谓语相反 ★ 易错提醒｜people、police、cattle 是“假单数” people（人们）、police（警察）、cattle（牛）看似单数，实为复数概念：作主语时谓语用复数，且绝对不能加 -s。 正确：Many people are waiting outside.｜错误：Many peoples are waiting. 正确：The police have arrived.｜错误：The polices have arrived. 特别区分：people 表“民族”时可数——a people（一个民族）、two peoples（两个民族）。这是 people 唯一可加 -s 的情形。 同类易错：fish 表“鱼”时单复数同形（two fish），表“鱼的种类”时可数（two fishes）；deer、sheep 单复数同形。 2.3 不规则复数与特殊复数 类型 变化方式 例词 变内部元音 改变词中元音字母 man → men、woman → women、foot → feet、tooth → teeth、mouse → mice、goose → geese 加 -en 词尾加 -en child → children、ox → oxen 单复数同形 形式不变 sheep、deer、fish、series、species、means、crossroads、headquarters 外来词（源自希腊／拉丁） 按原语言规则变化 analysis → analyses、basis → bases、crisis → crises、thesis → theses、phenomenon → phenomena、criterion → criteria、datum → data 只有复数形式 无单数，常配对出现 trousers、glasses、scissors、chopsticks、shoes、thanks、congratulations、goods、surroundings、belongings、arms、manners 两种复数形式 义不同，复数不同 people → peoples（民族）｜fish → fishes（种类）｜penny → pennies / pence（便士） 集体名词：表整体用单数，表成员用复数 集体名词 侧重整体（谓语单数） 侧重成员（谓语复数） family My family is a happy one. 我的家庭是个幸福的家庭。 My family are watching TV. 我的家人都在看电视。 class Our class is going to have a picnic. 我们班要去野餐。 The class are doing their homework. 全班学生都在做作业。 team The team is the best in the league. 这支队伍是联赛最强的。 The team are having a rest now. 队员们正在休息。 public / audience / government The public is interested. 公众很感兴趣。 The audience were moved to tears. 观众感动得流下了泪。 ★ 易错提醒｜以 -s 结尾的名词有三类，不能一概当复数 第一类：形式复数、意义单数——学科名词，谓语用单数：mathematics、physics、politics、economics、news。 正确：Physics is my favourite subject.｜错误：Physics are my favourite subject. 正确：No news is good news.（没有消息就是好消息） 第二类：形式单数、意义复数——people、police、cattle（见 2.2 提示框）。 第三类：形式复数、意义也复数——trousers、glasses、scissors、goods、surroundings 等，作主语时谓语用复数。 判断方法：遇到以 -s 结尾的名词，先查它是上面三类中的哪一类，再定谓语单复数。这一步是语法填空中主谓一致的高频设障点。 2.4 不可数名词及其量化表达 类别 / 用法 内容 类别 / 用法 内容 物质名词 water、bread、paper、money、rice、tea、cotton、meat、food、fruit、salt、soap 抽象名词 advice、information、news、progress、knowledge、honesty、weather、traffic 总体名词 furniture、equipment、luggage、baggage、jewellery、clothing、homework 说明 三类均无复数形式，不能直接加 -s，也不能直接用 a / an 修饰 只修饰不可数名词 much、a great deal of、a large amount of、little、a little、less 只修饰可数名词复数 many、a large number of、a good many、few、a few、fewer 两者皆可 a lot of、lots of、plenty of、some、any、enough、most、half of、all of、no、part of、the rest of 常用“量词 + of”结构（把不可数名词变得可数）—— 语法填空高频 a piece of paper / advice / news / bread / information / work / music a bottle of water / milk / ink / wine a cup of tea / coffee / water a bowl of rice / soup / porridge a loaf of bread a slice of bread / meat / cake a sum of money an article of furniture / clothing ★ 易错提醒｜不可数名词的四个高频错误 错误一：给不可数名词加 -s。正确形式是 advice、information、equipment、furniture；advices、informations、equipments、furnitures 全部错误。 错误二：用 many / few 修饰不可数名词。不可数名词只能用 much / little / a great deal of。 错误三：把“量词”与“复数”混为一谈。a piece of advice（一条建议）、two pieces of advice（两条建议）——变复数要变 piece，不变 advice。 错误四：忽略兼类。paper 表“纸”不可数（a piece of paper），表“试卷／论文”可数（two papers）；work 表“工作”不可数，表“作品”可数（the works of Lu Xun）。 判断顺序：先确认该词在此语境中可数还是不可数 → 不可数则选 much 类修饰词 + 量词 → 可数则回到 2.2 的单复数规则。 2.5 名词所有格 结构 适用与规则 示例 's 所有格 ① 单数名词：加 's ② 不以 -s 结尾的复数：加 's ③ 以 -s 结尾的单数：加 '（也见 's） ④ 以 -s 结尾的复数：只加 ' my father's room（我父亲的房间） Children's Day（儿童节） the actress' film（那位女演员的电影） my parents' room（我父母的房间） of 所有格 ① 无生命名词：必须用 of ② 名词短语过长时 ③ 表示“部分”时 the door of the room（房间的门） the name of the boy in red（穿红衣男孩的名字） two of the students（学生中的两个） 双重所有格 结构：of + 名词性物主代词／'s 所有格 a friend of my father's（我父亲的朋友之一） a classmate of mine（我的一个同学） 辨析：a photo of Tom（汤姆本人的照片）≠ a photo of Tom's（汤姆收藏的照片） 's 也适用于 时间、距离、重量、价格等 无生命名词表时间、距离等时仍用 's today's world（今天的世界） a ten-minute walk（十分钟的路程） a mile's distance（一英里的距离） two pounds' weight（两磅的重量） 并列所有格 一个 's 表“共有”，两个 's 表“各自” Tom and Mary's room（两人共有一间） Tom's and Mary's rooms（各自一间） Tom and Mary's mother（两人的母亲） ★ 易错提醒｜'s 的“加不加”只看词尾，不看单复数 以 -s 结尾的复数名词，只加一个撇号，绝对不加 s：my parents' room、the students' books、the girls' team。 不以 -s 结尾的复数名词，仍要加 's：Children's Day、men's room、women's doctors。 判断顺序：先看词尾是不是 -s → 是则只加 '，不是则加 's。这一步与“单数还是复数”无关。 并列所有格：一个 's 表“共有”，两个 's 表“各自”——Tom and Mary's room（两人共有一间）｜Tom's and Mary's rooms（各自一间）。 双重所有格的意义差别：a photo of Tom（汤姆本人的照片）｜a photo of Tom's（汤姆收藏的照片）——前者照片里是汤姆，后者照片属于汤姆。 2.6 专有名词与兼类名词 （一）专有名词的大写规则 情形 规则 例词 人名、地名、国名 首字母大写 China、Beijing、Mr. Smith、the Great Wall 星期、月份、节日 首字母大写 Monday、January、the Spring Festival 语言、国籍 首字母大写 English、Chinese、American 由普通词构成的专有名词 每个实词首字母大写，虚词小写（句首除外） the United States、the Summer Palace、Tian'anmen Square 书名、文章名、标题 实词首字母大写 The Old Man and the Sea、How to Learn English Well （二）兼类名词：词义不同，单复数可能不同 名词 不可数义 可数义 例句对比 paper 纸 试卷、论文、报纸 a piece of paper（一张纸）｜two papers（两份试卷） experience 经验 经历 much experience（很多经验）｜many experiences（许多经历） work 工作 作品 much work（很多工作）｜the works of Lu Xun（鲁迅的作品） room 空间 房间 There is no room.（没有空间）｜two rooms（两个房间） time 时间 次数、时代 no time（没时间）｜many times（很多次） youth 青春 年轻人 full of youth（充满青春）｜a group of youths（一群年轻人） ★ 易错提醒｜兼类名词的判断只看语境，不能凭“印象” 兼类名词的单复数完全由语境中的词义决定，同一个词在不同句子里可能一个可数一个不可数。 例：paper——The book is made of paper.（这本书是纸做的，不可数）｜He handed in two papers.（他交了两份试卷，可数） 判断方法：把这个词的中文意思代入句子，看是否指“一件具体的东西”。指物质或抽象概念 → 不可数；指具体的一件／一份 → 可数。 特别警示：room 表“空间”不可数，youth 表“青春”不可数——这两处最常被误加 -s。 2.7 构词法与词性转换 构词法是名词在语法填空中最稳定的考法，每年必考 1—3 题。其中派生法的词性转换是重中之重——看到一个形容词或动词，要能立刻说出它的名词形式。 途径 说明与例词 途径 说明与例词 派生法 加前缀或后缀构成新词；最重要：词性转换靠后缀 happy → unhappy；care → careful / careless 转化法 词形不变，词性改变 water n. 水 → v. 浇水；hand n. 手 → v. 递交；empty adj. 空的 → v. 倒空 合成法 两个或多个词合成一个新词 sun + flower → sunflower；under + ground → underground；man + made → man-made 缩写和简写 取首字母或缩短 UN、UNESCO、VIP、DIY；telephone → phone；laboratory → lab ★ 词性转换的判断信号（看到这些词，就该填名词） ① 空格前有 the / a / an / 物主代词 / 形容词（如 the rapid ______ of the city）→ 需填名词。 ② 空格前是介词（如 because of the ______ of rain）→ 需填名词。 ③ 空格后有 of（如 the ______ of natural resources）→ 需填名词。 拼写警示：-tion 结尾注意重音与拼写（frequent → frequency，不是 frequance）；-ity 由形容词去 -t / -e 再加（able → ability）。 高频名词后缀速查表 后缀 来源词性 例词 -tion / -sion 动词 → 名词 act → action；decide → decision；discuss → discussion；frequent → frequency -ment 动词 → 名词 develop → development；agree → agreement；improve → improvement -ness 形容词 → 名词 happy → happiness；busy → business；ill → illness；weak → weakness -ity / -ty 形容词 → 名词 important → importance；able → ability；safe → safety；active → activity -ence / -ance 动词 → 名词 differ → difference；appear → appearance；perform → performance -er / -or 动词 → 名词（人） work → worker；visit → visitor；invent → inventor；translate → translator -ist 名词／形容词 → 名词（人） science → scientist；art → artist；piano → pianist；tour → tourist -th 数词／形容词 → 名词 warm → warmth；true → truth；grow → growth；wide → width -ing 动词 → 名词（动名词） build → building；paint → painting；train → training；swim → swimming -al 动词 → 名词 arrive → arrival；refuse → refusal；propose → proposal；approve → approval -ure 动词 → 名词 press → pressure；mix → mixture；depart → departure -dom / -hood 名词 → 名词 king → kingdom；child → childhood；neighbor → neighborhood ★ 易错提醒｜词性转换的三个判断信号与两个拼写陷阱 信号一：空格前有 the / a / an / 物主代词 / 形容词（如 the rapid ______ of the city）→ 需填名词。 信号二：空格前是介词（如 because of the ______ of rain）→ 需填名词。 信号三：空格后有 of（如 the ______ of natural resources）→ 需填名词。 拼写陷阱一：-tion 结尾的拼写。frequent → frequency（不是 frequance）；decide → decision（去 e 加 -sion，不是 decission）。 拼写陷阱二：-ity 的去留。able → ability（able 去 e 加 ity）；active → activity（去 e 加 ity）；但 important → importance 是直接加 -ence，不要想当然去 e。 判断顺序：先看空格前后的“名词信号”→ 确定要填名词 → 把提示词按后缀规则转换 → 最后单独检查一遍拼写。 2.8 名词作定语 名词作定语原则上用单数，这是本知识点最容易失分的地方——学生常按中文习惯给定语名词加 -s。 规则 正确 错误 说明 一般用单数 a shoe shop a shoes shop 鞋店 一般用单数 a stone bridge a stones bridge 石桥 一般用单数 a story book a stories book 故事书 一般用单数 a coffee cup a coffees cup 咖啡杯 一般用单数 a school gate a schools gate 校门 一般用单数 test paper tests paper 考卷 一般用单数 pocket money pockets money 零花钱 四种必须用复数作定语的特殊情形 情形 规则 例词 本身只有复数形式的名词 原样作定语 goods train（货车）、clothes shop（服装店）、arms race（军备竞赛）、customs officer（海关人员） 习惯上用复数的名词 保留复数 sports meeting（运动会）、sports shoes（运动鞋）、savings bank（储蓄银行） man / woman 作定语 随被修饰名词变单复数 a man worker → two men workers；a woman doctor → three women doctors 数词 + 名词作定语 名词用单数，加连字符 a five-year plan（五年计划）、a ten-mile walk（十里路）、two-dozen eggs（两打鸡蛋） ★ 易错提醒｜名词作定语的两组高频错题 第一组：中心词用复数，定语名词保持单数。正确：two language labs（两个语言实验室）｜错误：two languages labs。 第二组：man / woman 作定语要“跟着变”。正确：three women teachers（三位女教师）｜错误：three woman teachers。 判断顺序：先看是不是四种特殊情形（只有复数形式／习惯复数／man, woman／数词连字符）→ 一律用单数。 连字符结构特别警示：a five-year plan 不能写成 a five-years plan——连字符后的名词永远用单数，这是写作中的高频错误。 考点一：名词单复数 例1.( 2026年北京市第二次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Beijing attracts thousands of (visitor) every year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 例2. ( 2025年陕西省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Until now, people have honored and remembered Qian in different 45 (way). 例3. (2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Rochet pointed out that the smartphone industry is one of the most polluted 42 (industry). 1．Many young (graduate) poured into big cities to seek their fortune. 2．The two (experiment) were done in the school lab. 3．Physicists have put forward numerous (theory) about time travel over the years. 4．Many (discovery) have been made in this field in recent years. 5．Standardized agreements, open-access frameworks, and AI-driven systems integrating weather, health, and pollution data could establish baselines and identify high-risk pollutant (combination). 考点二：名词所有格 例1.( 26-27高一上·湖北云梦县第一中学·月考) It is important to put oneself in (other) shoes because it helps people understand each other and develop good relationships. （所给词的适当形式填空） 例2. (25-26高一上·河南三门峡渑池县第二高级中学·月考)We live near the park. It’s just a ten (minute) ride. (所给词的适当形式填空) 例3. The company is an official sponsor the World Cup, so its logo appears on the field. （用适当的词填空） 1．The entire class is immersed in the collective revision, getting ready for the (year) final exams in the coming week. 2．The loud cheers from the (audience) seats made all the young players feel warm and full of confidence before the match started. 3．It is heartbreaking to see how the conflict has devastated (people) lives. 4．All the (candidate) applications will be carefully reviewed before they enter the nature reserve. 5．The (cafe) bright windows attract large numbers of tourists every day. 6．Li Ziqi, one of the most popular influencers in China, made a dramatic return to social media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the (world) attention from home and abroad. ( 考点三 词形转换 例1.( 2024年1月辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) So what is the 47 (solve)? It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. 例2. (2024年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) To them, bike riding is no longer a need forced upon them, but a quite modern lifestyle that combines fitness, social 40 (communicate) and city tour. 例3. (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)So far the Paxo phone project has drawn much attention and people want to help with its 44 (develop). 例4. (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)…. and here are some useful suggestions. Leave a good 42 (impress) on others. Learn from experienced colleagues. Communicate effectively (effect) with other people. Write clearly and concisely. 1．Years of practice helped the basketball player develop greater (flexible) and confidence on court.（所给词的适当形式填空） 2．To her great (embarrass), she met her former teacher in worn‑out clothes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．We should raise public (aware) of protecting wild animals. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The dictionary provides clear (define) of over 100,000 words, making it highly useful for language learners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Through the Asian Games, Hangzhou’s green and high-tech development concepts served as models for other cities in China, which also showed the country’s (commit) to low-carbon and innovation-driven development. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．The company has arranged fewer (assign) during the Spring Festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 一、单项选择 1．In spite of tiredness and tough work, we went home with . A．satisfy B．satisfied C．satisfying D．satisfaction 2．He can conclude ______ their remarks that improvements in farming methods have significantly increased the rate of ______ in the area. A．from; employees B．from; unemployment C．with; employment D．with; employers 3．The accused man, meeting the ________ eyes a moment too long before glancing away, tried to deny his wrongdoing by putting on a carefully affected air of innocence. A．guards’ B．jury’s C．journalists’ D．intruders’ 4．Man must evolve for all human ________ a method which rejects revenge, aggression, or retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love. A．conflicting B．conflicted C．conflict D．to conflict 5．In the course of this life, I have had a great many ______ with a great many people who have been ______ with matters of consequence. A．concerned, encounters B．encounters, concerned C．concerns, encountered D．encountered, concerns 6．There are five ________ in the hospital that specialize in children’s diseases. A．woman doctor B．women doctor C．woman doctors D．women doctors 7．She has two ________ on the table. A．knife B．knifes C．knives D．knifees 8．Between my home and the school ________ a railway station. A．stand B．stands C．stood D．are standing 9．He works hard and is often ________. I hope he will have more ________ at his business. A．successful; success B．success; successful C．successfully; successful D．successful; successful 10．To her ________, she couldn’t remember his name. A．embarrass B．embarrassment C．embarrassing D．embarrassed 11．The teacher and writer _____ coming to _______ house. A．are, Kate and Mary’s B．were, Kate’s and Mary C．is, Kate’s and Mary’s D．is, Kate and Mary’s 12．It’s about ______ from here to our English teacher’s home. A．twenty-minutes walk B．twenty minute’s walk C．twenty-minute’s walk D．twenty minutes’ walk 13．Today is September 10th. It’s ________ Day. Let’s say “Thank you” to our teachers. A．Teacher’s B．the Teachers’ C．Teachers D．Teachers’ 14．He hurt his leg yesterday. ______ why he can’t come to ______ party. A．That’s; tonight B．That’s; tonight’s C．It’s; tonight D．It’s; tonight’s 15．Life in the following ______ time may be harder than before, but everyone should stick to his goals and make an effort to achieve them. A．three-months B．three month C．three months D．three months’ 二、单句语法填空 1．It was his original (intend) to set up a public library for the teenagers living in those remote mountain villages. 2．Full of (energetic), the young speaker walked onto the stage and began her speech. 3．He has a (prefer) for working in a quiet and organized environment, as it helps him focus his tasks. 4．The event (transform) his whole life, and the (transform) amazed everyone. 5．Due to food (short), many local people suffered a lot. 6．Therefore, let’s take the (responsible) to make it a low-carbon city by riding bicycles. 7．Most people’s (react) to this amusing performance is positive. 8．As a (journalist), he has interviewed lots of people from different cultures. 9．We’ll also explore natural (landscape) by hiking Table Mountain, seeing penguins in Simon’s Town, and watching waves crash at the Cape of Good Hope. 10．Even though Hua and Ken have nothing in common on the surface, the two boys develop a deep connection that leaves a lasting (impress). 11．What we know about its (originate) is still limited. 12．Many (attract) in the city attract a large number of tourists to participate in cultural activities held there. 13．His bad (behave) in public drew other people’s attention. 14．The famous (consult) gave us plenty of practical suggestions. 15．To everyone’s (astonish), there it was — an old watch, just as the man had described. 一、阅读理解 A Healthy Living Camp The Healthy Living Camp is a one-week outdoor program that encourages people to enjoy nature and build better daily habits. It welcomes students, families, and office workers who want to refresh their mind and body through simple, healthy living. Morning Fitness Each day begins with group exercises beside the lake. Trainers guide participants through stretching, jogging, and breathing activities. These routines improve strength and help people start the day with energy. Nutrition Workshops After breakfast, nutrition coaches share tips about balanced meals. Participants learn how to prepare food with fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. They also practice making quick, healthy snacks that are easy to make at home. Mindful Living Sessions In the afternoon, guests join quiet reflection and meditation (冥想) exercises. Instructors show how to relax, manage stress, and stay focused. These sessions help participants keep a calm and positive attitude even in busy situations. Eco-Friendly Practices The camp teaches everyone to care for the environment. Activities include cleaning hiking trails, planting small trees, and learning to reduce plastic use. Through these projects, campers understand the importance of protecting nature in daily life. At the end of the week, each participant receives a personal report with health tips and progress records. The camp hopes that every guest continues using these habits long after they return home. 1．What is the goal of the camp? A．To offer short tours. B．To train students. C．To teach advanced cooking methods. D．To help people build better daily habits. 2．What activity takes place beside the lake each morning? A．Trail cleaning. B．Nutrition lessons. C．Stretching and jogging. D．Meditation exercises. 3．What is the purpose of the afternoon sessions? A．To teach stress management and concentration. B．To provide outdoor survival training. C．To practice fast cooking. D．To teach first-aid skills. B The Nobel Prize, first awarded in 1901, is one of the most closely watched honors in the world. The 2026 literature prize went to Anne Carson, a 76-year-old Canadian poet and translator, whose works, drawing on ancient Greek and Roman literature and personal experience, have reshaped literary forms. While most winners would feel honored, Carson showed nothing but disbelief. “It feels a bit crazy,” she said. “I think they’re all crazy.” However, letting this talented writer know she had won took the Nobel Committee real effort. She was sweeping the floor at home in Iceland when the phone rang, and hit the red button several times, as hanging up on unknown numbers was simply her habit. Luckily, it was her husband, Robert Currie, who did the committee’s job. “You all owe me the prize,” he joked to her. “I made you call back.” What made the moment more special was a photo taken by Currie right after Carson learned the news. Praised by the Committee as a “confident and inventive” mind, this expert in the classics stood in her kitchen, wearing an old sweater, with her jaw dropped and an ordinary fridge covered with sticky notes behind her. After being shared by the Nobel Prize’s official account, the photo spread like wildfire, drawing tens of thousands of likes and comments. For ordinary people, the 12 million Swedish kronor (克朗) (about $1.2 million) is obviously valuable. For Carson, the large sum does not seem to be a big deal. She said in a phone interview that she and her husband were “thinking of ways to give it away.” The couple have donated to Doctors Without Borders for years, and mentioned a friend who is recently in need of a house. Perhaps, when the calls stop and the money is gone, Carson will return to her housework and her poems. 4．How does Carson feel about winning the Nobel Prize in literature? A．Shocked. B．Honored. C．Delighted. D．Stressed. 5．What helped the Nobel Committee finally get in contact with Carson? A．Her writing talent. B．Her phone habits. C．Her husband’s reminder. D．Her timely cleaning. 6．What can we learn about Carson’s photo in paragraph 3? A．It is an official photo. B．It shows her expertise. C．It has a special design. D．It draws public attention. 7．What can be inferred about Carson from the last paragraph? A．She plans to build houses for her friends. B．She has a good knowledge of economics. C．She shows little interest in the prize money. D．She gives all her time to voluntary donation. C Corktown Common Park is a beautiful urban oasis in Toronto’s West Don Lands district. It features a wildlife-filled marsh, sport fields, playgrounds, and plenty of space for picnics or barbecues. However, the park’s most impressive function is invisible: it’s designed to protect nearby neighborhoods from flooding. The landscape architects team worked with engineering firm Arup to create a park that looks natural but functions like a dyke (堤坝). Twenty years ago, the West Don Lands area was mostly unused. It was once home to brick-making companies and taxi garages but had been abandoned for years. Emily Mueller, an associate principal of the firm, explains that Toronto struggled to develop the area due to its high flood risk, because it’s close to both a lake and a river. In recent years, the district has seen significant development, with new office buildings and residential towers. Like many cities, Toronto is working to protect its neighborhoods from more frequent floods caused by climate change. Corktown Common was built on a floodplain, so the team raised the land’s elevation (海拔) by nearly nine meters to create a natural barrier against rising water. Mueller explains that the goal was to combine the park with its facilities, making it feel like a welcoming green space rather than just a flood barrier. To achieve this, the firm added six meters of rolling hills and playgrounds on top of the infrastructure (基础设施). The park is divided into wet and dry sides. Rainwater on the dry side is collected through underground pipes and stored in a large tank for irrigation. This system also reduces pressure on the Don River by slowing the flow of water into Lake Ontario. 8．What is the primary function of Corktown Common Park? A．To attract foreign tourists. B．To replace factories. C．To protect local communities. D．To provide housing. 9．What caused the West Don Lands area to face high flood risk? A．Its wet climate. B．Its poor transportation. C．Its industrial destruction. D．Its unfavorable location. 10．Why did the team add rolling hills and playgrounds on top of the barrier? A．To provide more space for sports and recreation. B．To make the barrier look and feel like a friendly park. C．To increase the height of the barrier against extreme floods. D．To reduce the cost of maintaining the flood-control facilities. 11．What is the best title for the passage? A．Corktown Common Park: A Green Space for Recreation B．Corktown Common Park: A Flood-protecting Park with Green Space C．West Don Lands: An Old Area with Great Development Potential D．West Don Lands: A Site to Lower Stress on the Don River D When you’re meeting someone for the first time, you want to leave a good impression on him. 12 However, it’s not just your verbal language that matters — the way you behave is also important. Here are some tips on body language to show positivities and kindness in communication with others. Nod and smile when appropriate. These nonverbal signs can show the other person that you’re fully involved in what he is saying, and in agreement. Try nodding three times to show that you’re really absorbed in what he is saying. 13 If you turn up the corners of your mouth but your eyes stay the same, you could come off as insincere. 14 Don’t be obvious, but try to match his body language and facial expressions. This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person’s goodwill toward the person mirroring him. If he’s leaning against a wall, lean against the wall. If he has crossed his arms, cross your arms. 15 Laugh truly. Even if you’re in a formal setting, if the other person has clearly said something that was intended to raise a laugh, laugh! 16 And this can also show him that you’re listening to what he is saying. Avoid laughing out of nerves or because you have nothing to say. A．Always keep your arms crossed. B．Mirror the person you’re speaking with. C．It’s a simple technique that can often pay off. D．Show him that you have a sense of humor. E．Avoid touching your hair or adjusting your clothing. F．When it comes to smiling, make sure it reaches your eyes! G．You want to say all the perfect things at all the right times. 二、完形填空 A quiet afternoon at a Michigan beach suddenly turned into a dangerous race against time. Out of nowhere, a mother 17 out of the water, carrying her two-year-old daughter who had stopped breathing. That left everyone nearby 18 . Mariza Mojica, a mother herself, was shocked at first by the sudden emergency. However, seeing the 19 mother, she quickly stepped in to 20 the woman. Knowing that every single second 21 , Mojica took the child into her arms and immediately 22 CPR (心肺复苏). She first tried mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths, but the child showed no 23 . Without hesitation, Mojica began to do chest compressions (胸外按压), 24 to give up hope. The fight for life continued under great pressure. Just moments later, the child let out a weak cough and began 25 again. Although the whole rescue 26 only about two minutes before professional help arrived, it felt like forever to Mojica. 27 , thanks to her timely effort and calm mind, the little girl was 28 and later left the hospital, safe and sound. Mojica never wanted to be a hero on that day. She simply saw a family in great 29 and chose to 30 . Her brave action serves as a powerful reminder: ordinary people can make a great 31 in life-or-death moments when they respond with quick thinking, courage, and true kindness. 17．A．looked B．walked C．rushed D．dropped 18．A．cheerful B．fearful C．doubtful D．disappointed 19．A．helpless B．careless C．homeless D．selfless 20．A．help B．recognize C．protect D．follow 21．A．remained B．waited C．counted D．continued 22．A．learned B．performed C．received D．discovered 23．A．respect B．weakness C．interest D．improvement 24．A．preparing B．refusing C．managing D．agreeing 25．A．breathing B．drinking C．crying D．walking 26．A．meant B．afforded C．lasted D．started 27．A．Luckily B．However C．Therefore D．Suddenly 28．A．found B．saved C．corrected D．praised 29．A．silence B．doubt C．need D．progress 30．A．hold on B．come in C．set off D．lend a hand 31．A．choice B．decision C．deal D．difference 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What is senior high school life like? The path before you leads to a world full of challenges: a new environment, new knowledge and new ways of thinking. 32 , the opportunity lies in each challenge. 33 you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy 34 (person) growth. Most 35 (important), your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. 36 (realize) your potential, 37 is important for you to make the most of our school resources. Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school 38 (facility). Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are 39 (equal) important. 40 a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills. Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. In time you will find 41 (you) growing into a well-rounded individual. 四、书信写作 42．假如你是李华，你发现学校阅览室存在以下问题：图书被随意乱涂乱画；阅览室内垃圾乱扔、桌椅不整等。为此，请你向全校同学发出倡议，内容包括： 1．陈述具体情况； 2．呼吁同学们共同爱护图书、保持阅览室整洁。 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 名词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 名词单复数 考点二 名词所有格 考点三 词形转换 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 名词是课标附录 3 中“不带星号”的基础词类——四个子项全部属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着名词不存在“学考不考”的部分，全部是必修必会，复习重点是“用对”而不是“学会”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 名词 可数名词及其单、复数 必修 熟练掌握规则与不规则复数变化；能依据空前限定词与谓语单复数判断名词的数 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 不可数名词 必修 熟练掌握常见不可数名词；能正确使用量词与相应的修饰词（much / many 分化） 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 专有名词 必修 掌握首字母大写规则；能识别含专有名词的固定表达 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 名词所有格 必修 熟练掌握 's 所有格与 of 所有格的选用；能识别双重所有格 熟练掌握 语法填空、单项选择 构词法 派生法、转化法、合成法、缩写和简写 必修 能识别并运用常用词缀构成新词；词性转换（动词／形容词 → 名词）是语法填空最稳定的名词考法 熟练掌握 语法填空 边界说明 主谓一致（与名词的数直接相关） 必修 能判断集体名词、分数与百分数、the number of 与 a number of 等结构的主谓一致 正确理解和使用 语法填空 边界说明 数词的完整用法（分数、倍数、概数） 教材常规 课标未在名词条目下单列，但各版本教材均讲授，属常用表达 正确理解和使用 语法填空、写作 层级解读 ● 名词四个子项全部是必修内容，且属“应熟练掌握”层级——这是课标附录 3 中最基础的一批条目。不存在“学考不考名词”的情况，复习的关键是把“认识”升级为“用对”。 ● 构词法同样不带星号，属必修。其中派生法是名词板块在语法填空中最稳定的考法，词性转换每年必考 1—3 题，务必作为第一优先级。 ● 主谓一致与名词的“数”直接绑定。 ★ 易错提醒｜名词的“基础”不等于“不会错” 名词是最基础的词类，却是语法填空中最稳定的失分点。原因有二： 原因一：名词的考点高度依赖上下文。单复数由空前的限定词决定，词性转换由空前的介词或冠词决定——不读句子就看不出该填什么，这与“背规则就能答”的预期相反。 原因二：易错点极其集中。不可数名词误加 -s（advices、informations）、's 所有格多加 s（students's）、词性转换拼写错误（frequency 写成 frequance）——三类错误占名词失分的绝大多数。 本讲义的处理方式：全部九个知识点按“可数性 → 数 → 格 → 构词 → 用法”的顺序展开，每个知识点配速查表与易错提示，目标是把这三类集中失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 语法填空 名词每年必考 1—2 空，十年累计约 30 道真题 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 名词是语法填空的必考项，不可因“基础”而跳过 最稳定考法 词性转换（动词／形容词 → 名词）每年必考 1—3 题 构词法后缀必须练到脱口而出，这是投入产出比最高的部分 第二稳定考法 单复数判断（依据空前限定词与谓语单复数） 先读限定词再定数，顺序不能反 完形填空 名词词义辨析与兼类名词的语境判断 兼类名词（paper / experience / work）需按语境分辨 书面表达 单复数、所有格的准确使用 写作中不可数名词误加 -s 会直接拉低语言准确度分 干扰项设计 多为“可数／不可数混淆”“单复数误判”“'s 多加 s”三类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近五年全国卷名词的命题走向 ● 词性转换稳占首位。近年全国卷语法填空的名词空，几乎全部是“动词或形容词 → 抽象名词”的转换，如 frequent → frequency、develop → development、able → ability。判断信号固定：空格前有冠词、物主代词、形容词或介词。 ● 单复数判断高度依赖限定词。several、many、plenty of、all of 后用复数；a / an、this、each、every 后用单数；the number of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语 与 a number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语 是经典对比组。 ● 语境化趋势明显。单纯的词形变换减少，要求考生根据上下文判断名词的数与所有格，如 2025 年浙江 1 月卷的 people → people's、2022 年新课标Ⅱ卷的 son → son's。 ● 不可数名词持续设障。advice、information、equipment、furniture 等高频不可数名词反复出现，是易错重灾区。 ● 兼类名词辨析升级。paper（纸／试卷）、experience（经验／经历）、work（工作／作品）等词的语境判断越来越灵活，完形填空中尤为常见。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先定可数性 拿到名词空先问一句“它有没有复数”：有 → 按可数处理，看限定词定单复数；没有 → 不可数，改用 much / a great deal of 修饰，绝不加 -s 可数不可数混淆、不可数名词误加 -s 再定数与格 看空前限定词定单复数，看空前介词或冠词定是否需词性转换；表所属且前面是有生命名词时，检查 's 的加法与词尾 单复数误判、's 多加 s 后固化 把十二个高频名词后缀与以 -s / -o / -f / -y 结尾的复数规则单独列表，限时默写并造句，替代零散记忆 构词法后缀记混、复数规则变形错误 2.1 名词的分类与可数性 分类标准 子类 含义 典型例词 可数性 标准一： 按意义分 专有名词 表示特定的人、事物、地点、机构等，首字母通常大写 China、the Great Wall、Monday、Mr. Smith — 个体名词 表示单个的人或物 student、book、city、tree 可数 集体名词 表示一群人或一类物的总和 family、team、class、police、cattle 视语义 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质 water、bread、paper、money 不可数 抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质等抽象概念 advice、information、progress、honesty 多不可数 标准二： 按数分 可数名词 有单复数之分 book / books 可数 不可数名词 无复数形式 advice / information 不可数 交叉关系 物质名词与抽象名词多为不可数；但抽象名词可“具体化”加 a / an a success（一件成功的事）、a surprise（一个惊喜）、a help（一份帮助） 可具体化 ★ 分类表要回答的三个问题 问题一：这个名词有复数形式吗？有 → 可数；没有 → 不可数。 问题二：单数出现时前面有冠词或限定词吗？可数名词单数不能单独出现，必须有 a / an / the / this / my 等，或变为复数。 问题三：抽象名词被“具体化”了吗？抽象名词一旦具体化，就要按可数名词处理，复数加 -s。 记忆主线：先分“可数／不可数”，再分“专有／普通”。可数性是第一位的判断，因为它直接决定单复数与冠词的使用。 ★ 易错提醒｜抽象名词的“具体化”是隐性考点 抽象名词通常是不可数的：advice（建议）、information（信息）、progress（进步）、knowledge（知识）——都不能加 -s。 但抽象名词被“具体化”时，就要按可数名词处理，前面加 a / an，复数加 -s： a success（一件成功的事）｜a surprise（一个惊喜）｜a pleasure（一件乐事）｜a help（一份帮助）｜a must（一件必备之物）｜a shame / a pity（一件遗憾的事） 判断方法：看它是否指“一件具体的事”而非“抽象概念”。Success comes from practice.（成功来自实践——不可数）｜The party was a great success.（派对很成功——一件成功的事，可数） 特别警示：experience 表“经验”不可数，表“经历”可数——He has much experience.（经验）｜He had many interesting experiences.（经历） 2.2 名词单复数规则变化 变化规则 读音提示 / 例外 例词 一般情况，加 -s 清辅音后读 /s/；浊辅音与元音后读 /z/ book → books　pen → pens　day → days　boy → boys 以 -s / -x / -ch / -sh 结尾，加 -es 读 /iz/ class → classes　box → boxes　watch → watches　dish → dishes 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es 元音字母 + y 结尾，只加 -s party → parties　city → cities　story → stories　（boy → boys） 以 -o 结尾：有生命加 -es，无生命加 -s — tomato → tomatoes　potato → potatoes　hero → heroes　photo → photos　radio → radios 以 -f / -fe 结尾：变 f / fe 为 v 加 -es 例外（直接加 -s）：roof → roofs　belief → beliefs　chief → chiefs　proof → proofs knife → knives　leaf → leaves　shelf → shelves　thief → thieves 四类特殊“加 -s”情形 — ① -oo 结尾：zoo → zoos　② 外来词：photo / piano / kilo → photos / pianos / kilos　③ 缩写词：photo(s)、kilo(s)、memo(s)　④ 专有名词：Filipino → Filipinos ★ 单复数判断的三条“秒判”信号（语法填空最实用） 信号一：空前有 several / many / a few / few / a number of / numbers of / all of / plenty of → 必须填复数。 信号二：空前有 a / an / this / that / each / every / another → 必须填单数。 信号三：谓语是 are / were → 主语用复数；谓语是 is / was → 主语用单数。 特别提醒：people（人们）、police（警察）、cattle（牛）看似单数，实为复数概念，作主语时谓语用复数，且不能再加 -s。 单复数判断的三条“秒判”信号 信号 具体标志 结论 空前限定词 several、many、a few、few、a number of、numbers of、all of、plenty of、these、those 必须填复数 空前限定词 a、an、this、that、each、every、another、one 必须填单数 谓语单复数 谓语是 are / were → 主语用复数；谓语是 is / was → 主语用单数 由谓语反推主语 固定搭配 the number of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语；a number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语 两组搭配谓语相反 ★ 易错提醒｜people、police、cattle 是“假单数” people（人们）、police（警察）、cattle（牛）看似单数，实为复数概念：作主语时谓语用复数，且绝对不能加 -s。 正确：Many people are waiting outside.｜错误：Many peoples are waiting. 正确：The police have arrived.｜错误：The polices have arrived. 特别区分：people 表“民族”时可数——a people（一个民族）、two peoples（两个民族）。这是 people 唯一可加 -s 的情形。 同类易错：fish 表“鱼”时单复数同形（two fish），表“鱼的种类”时可数（two fishes）；deer、sheep 单复数同形。 2.3 不规则复数与特殊复数 类型 变化方式 例词 变内部元音 改变词中元音字母 man → men、woman → women、foot → feet、tooth → teeth、mouse → mice、goose → geese 加 -en 词尾加 -en child → children、ox → oxen 单复数同形 形式不变 sheep、deer、fish、series、species、means、crossroads、headquarters 外来词（源自希腊／拉丁） 按原语言规则变化 analysis → analyses、basis → bases、crisis → crises、thesis → theses、phenomenon → phenomena、criterion → criteria、datum → data 只有复数形式 无单数，常配对出现 trousers、glasses、scissors、chopsticks、shoes、thanks、congratulations、goods、surroundings、belongings、arms、manners 两种复数形式 义不同，复数不同 people → peoples（民族）｜fish → fishes（种类）｜penny → pennies / pence（便士） 集体名词：表整体用单数，表成员用复数 集体名词 侧重整体（谓语单数） 侧重成员（谓语复数） family My family is a happy one. 我的家庭是个幸福的家庭。 My family are watching TV. 我的家人都在看电视。 class Our class is going to have a picnic. 我们班要去野餐。 The class are doing their homework. 全班学生都在做作业。 team The team is the best in the league. 这支队伍是联赛最强的。 The team are having a rest now. 队员们正在休息。 public / audience / government The public is interested. 公众很感兴趣。 The audience were moved to tears. 观众感动得流下了泪。 ★ 易错提醒｜以 -s 结尾的名词有三类，不能一概当复数 第一类：形式复数、意义单数——学科名词，谓语用单数：mathematics、physics、politics、economics、news。 正确：Physics is my favourite subject.｜错误：Physics are my favourite subject. 正确：No news is good news.（没有消息就是好消息） 第二类：形式单数、意义复数——people、police、cattle（见 2.2 提示框）。 第三类：形式复数、意义也复数——trousers、glasses、scissors、goods、surroundings 等，作主语时谓语用复数。 判断方法：遇到以 -s 结尾的名词，先查它是上面三类中的哪一类，再定谓语单复数。这一步是语法填空中主谓一致的高频设障点。 2.4 不可数名词及其量化表达 类别 / 用法 内容 类别 / 用法 内容 物质名词 water、bread、paper、money、rice、tea、cotton、meat、food、fruit、salt、soap 抽象名词 advice、information、news、progress、knowledge、honesty、weather、traffic 总体名词 furniture、equipment、luggage、baggage、jewellery、clothing、homework 说明 三类均无复数形式，不能直接加 -s，也不能直接用 a / an 修饰 只修饰不可数名词 much、a great deal of、a large amount of、little、a little、less 只修饰可数名词复数 many、a large number of、a good many、few、a few、fewer 两者皆可 a lot of、lots of、plenty of、some、any、enough、most、half of、all of、no、part of、the rest of 常用“量词 + of”结构（把不可数名词变得可数）—— 语法填空高频 a piece of paper / advice / news / bread / information / work / music a bottle of water / milk / ink / wine a cup of tea / coffee / water a bowl of rice / soup / porridge a loaf of bread a slice of bread / meat / cake a sum of money an article of furniture / clothing ★ 易错提醒｜不可数名词的四个高频错误 错误一：给不可数名词加 -s。正确形式是 advice、information、equipment、furniture；advices、informations、equipments、furnitures 全部错误。 错误二：用 many / few 修饰不可数名词。不可数名词只能用 much / little / a great deal of。 错误三：把“量词”与“复数”混为一谈。a piece of advice（一条建议）、two pieces of advice（两条建议）——变复数要变 piece，不变 advice。 错误四：忽略兼类。paper 表“纸”不可数（a piece of paper），表“试卷／论文”可数（two papers）；work 表“工作”不可数，表“作品”可数（the works of Lu Xun）。 判断顺序：先确认该词在此语境中可数还是不可数 → 不可数则选 much 类修饰词 + 量词 → 可数则回到 2.2 的单复数规则。 2.5 名词所有格 结构 适用与规则 示例 's 所有格 ① 单数名词：加 's ② 不以 -s 结尾的复数：加 's ③ 以 -s 结尾的单数：加 '（也见 's） ④ 以 -s 结尾的复数：只加 ' my father's room（我父亲的房间） Children's Day（儿童节） the actress' film（那位女演员的电影） my parents' room（我父母的房间） of 所有格 ① 无生命名词：必须用 of ② 名词短语过长时 ③ 表示“部分”时 the door of the room（房间的门） the name of the boy in red（穿红衣男孩的名字） two of the students（学生中的两个） 双重所有格 结构：of + 名词性物主代词／'s 所有格 a friend of my father's（我父亲的朋友之一） a classmate of mine（我的一个同学） 辨析：a photo of Tom（汤姆本人的照片）≠ a photo of Tom's（汤姆收藏的照片） 's 也适用于 时间、距离、重量、价格等 无生命名词表时间、距离等时仍用 's today's world（今天的世界） a ten-minute walk（十分钟的路程） a mile's distance（一英里的距离） two pounds' weight（两磅的重量） 并列所有格 一个 's 表“共有”，两个 's 表“各自” Tom and Mary's room（两人共有一间） Tom's and Mary's rooms（各自一间） Tom and Mary's mother（两人的母亲） ★ 易错提醒｜'s 的“加不加”只看词尾，不看单复数 以 -s 结尾的复数名词，只加一个撇号，绝对不加 s：my parents' room、the students' books、the girls' team。 不以 -s 结尾的复数名词，仍要加 's：Children's Day、men's room、women's doctors。 判断顺序：先看词尾是不是 -s → 是则只加 '，不是则加 's。这一步与“单数还是复数”无关。 并列所有格：一个 's 表“共有”，两个 's 表“各自”——Tom and Mary's room（两人共有一间）｜Tom's and Mary's rooms（各自一间）。 双重所有格的意义差别：a photo of Tom（汤姆本人的照片）｜a photo of Tom's（汤姆收藏的照片）——前者照片里是汤姆，后者照片属于汤姆。 2.6 专有名词与兼类名词 （一）专有名词的大写规则 情形 规则 例词 人名、地名、国名 首字母大写 China、Beijing、Mr. Smith、the Great Wall 星期、月份、节日 首字母大写 Monday、January、the Spring Festival 语言、国籍 首字母大写 English、Chinese、American 由普通词构成的专有名词 每个实词首字母大写，虚词小写（句首除外） the United States、the Summer Palace、Tian'anmen Square 书名、文章名、标题 实词首字母大写 The Old Man and the Sea、How to Learn English Well （二）兼类名词：词义不同，单复数可能不同 名词 不可数义 可数义 例句对比 paper 纸 试卷、论文、报纸 a piece of paper（一张纸）｜two papers（两份试卷） experience 经验 经历 much experience（很多经验）｜many experiences（许多经历） work 工作 作品 much work（很多工作）｜the works of Lu Xun（鲁迅的作品） room 空间 房间 There is no room.（没有空间）｜two rooms（两个房间） time 时间 次数、时代 no time（没时间）｜many times（很多次） youth 青春 年轻人 full of youth（充满青春）｜a group of youths（一群年轻人） ★ 易错提醒｜兼类名词的判断只看语境，不能凭“印象” 兼类名词的单复数完全由语境中的词义决定，同一个词在不同句子里可能一个可数一个不可数。 例：paper——The book is made of paper.（这本书是纸做的，不可数）｜He handed in two papers.（他交了两份试卷，可数） 判断方法：把这个词的中文意思代入句子，看是否指“一件具体的东西”。指物质或抽象概念 → 不可数；指具体的一件／一份 → 可数。 特别警示：room 表“空间”不可数，youth 表“青春”不可数——这两处最常被误加 -s。 2.7 构词法与词性转换 构词法是名词在语法填空中最稳定的考法，每年必考 1—3 题。其中派生法的词性转换是重中之重——看到一个形容词或动词，要能立刻说出它的名词形式。 途径 说明与例词 途径 说明与例词 派生法 加前缀或后缀构成新词；最重要：词性转换靠后缀 happy → unhappy；care → careful / careless 转化法 词形不变，词性改变 water n. 水 → v. 浇水；hand n. 手 → v. 递交；empty adj. 空的 → v. 倒空 合成法 两个或多个词合成一个新词 sun + flower → sunflower；under + ground → underground；man + made → man-made 缩写和简写 取首字母或缩短 UN、UNESCO、VIP、DIY；telephone → phone；laboratory → lab ★ 词性转换的判断信号（看到这些词，就该填名词） ① 空格前有 the / a / an / 物主代词 / 形容词（如 the rapid ______ of the city）→ 需填名词。 ② 空格前是介词（如 because of the ______ of rain）→ 需填名词。 ③ 空格后有 of（如 the ______ of natural resources）→ 需填名词。 拼写警示：-tion 结尾注意重音与拼写（frequent → frequency，不是 frequance）；-ity 由形容词去 -t / -e 再加（able → ability）。 高频名词后缀速查表 后缀 来源词性 例词 -tion / -sion 动词 → 名词 act → action；decide → decision；discuss → discussion；frequent → frequency -ment 动词 → 名词 develop → development；agree → agreement；improve → improvement -ness 形容词 → 名词 happy → happiness；busy → business；ill → illness；weak → weakness -ity / -ty 形容词 → 名词 important → importance；able → ability；safe → safety；active → activity -ence / -ance 动词 → 名词 differ → difference；appear → appearance；perform → performance -er / -or 动词 → 名词（人） work → worker；visit → visitor；invent → inventor；translate → translator -ist 名词／形容词 → 名词（人） science → scientist；art → artist；piano → pianist；tour → tourist -th 数词／形容词 → 名词 warm → warmth；true → truth；grow → growth；wide → width -ing 动词 → 名词（动名词） build → building；paint → painting；train → training；swim → swimming -al 动词 → 名词 arrive → arrival；refuse → refusal；propose → proposal；approve → approval -ure 动词 → 名词 press → pressure；mix → mixture；depart → departure -dom / -hood 名词 → 名词 king → kingdom；child → childhood；neighbor → neighborhood ★ 易错提醒｜词性转换的三个判断信号与两个拼写陷阱 信号一：空格前有 the / a / an / 物主代词 / 形容词（如 the rapid ______ of the city）→ 需填名词。 信号二：空格前是介词（如 because of the ______ of rain）→ 需填名词。 信号三：空格后有 of（如 the ______ of natural resources）→ 需填名词。 拼写陷阱一：-tion 结尾的拼写。frequent → frequency（不是 frequance）；decide → decision（去 e 加 -sion，不是 decission）。 拼写陷阱二：-ity 的去留。able → ability（able 去 e 加 ity）；active → activity（去 e 加 ity）；但 important → importance 是直接加 -ence，不要想当然去 e。 判断顺序：先看空格前后的“名词信号”→ 确定要填名词 → 把提示词按后缀规则转换 → 最后单独检查一遍拼写。 2.8 名词作定语 名词作定语原则上用单数，这是本知识点最容易失分的地方——学生常按中文习惯给定语名词加 -s。 规则 正确 错误 说明 一般用单数 a shoe shop a shoes shop 鞋店 一般用单数 a stone bridge a stones bridge 石桥 一般用单数 a story book a stories book 故事书 一般用单数 a coffee cup a coffees cup 咖啡杯 一般用单数 a school gate a schools gate 校门 一般用单数 test paper tests paper 考卷 一般用单数 pocket money pockets money 零花钱 四种必须用复数作定语的特殊情形 情形 规则 例词 本身只有复数形式的名词 原样作定语 goods train（货车）、clothes shop（服装店）、arms race（军备竞赛）、customs officer（海关人员） 习惯上用复数的名词 保留复数 sports meeting（运动会）、sports shoes（运动鞋）、savings bank（储蓄银行） man / woman 作定语 随被修饰名词变单复数 a man worker → two men workers；a woman doctor → three women doctors 数词 + 名词作定语 名词用单数，加连字符 a five-year plan（五年计划）、a ten-mile walk（十里路）、two-dozen eggs（两打鸡蛋） ★ 易错提醒｜名词作定语的两组高频错题 第一组：中心词用复数，定语名词保持单数。正确：two language labs（两个语言实验室）｜错误：two languages labs。 第二组：man / woman 作定语要“跟着变”。正确：three women teachers（三位女教师）｜错误：three woman teachers。 判断顺序：先看是不是四种特殊情形（只有复数形式／习惯复数／man, woman／数词连字符）→ 一律用单数。 连字符结构特别警示：a five-year plan 不能写成 a five-years plan——连字符后的名词永远用单数，这是写作中的高频错误。 考点一：名词单复数 例1.( 2026年北京市第二次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Beijing attracts thousands of (visitor) every year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意：北京每年吸引成千上万的游客。visitor“游客”是可数名词，被thousands of修饰，应用其复数形式。 例2. ( 2025年陕西省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Until now, people have honored and remembered Qian in different 45 (way). 【答案】ways 45．考查名词复数。句意：直到现在，人们以不同的方式纪念和缅怀钱学森。different后接可数名词复数，way的复数形式为 ways。故填ways。 例3. (2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Rochet pointed out that the smartphone industry is one of the most polluted 42 (industry). 【答案】industries 【详解】42．考查名词复数。句意：罗谢特指出，智能手机行业是污染最严重的行业之一。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最……之一”，industry的复数形式为industries。故填industries。 1．Many young (graduate) poured into big cities to seek their fortune. 【答案】graduates 【详解】句意：许多年轻毕业生涌入大城市寻找机遇。graduate为可数名词，结合上文many可知用复数形式。 2．The two (experiment) were done in the school lab. 【答案】experiments 【详解】句意：这两个实验是在学校实验室里进行的。two后接可数名词复数，experiment复数为experiments，作主语。 3．Physicists have put forward numerous (theory) about time travel over the years. 【答案】theories 【详解】句意：多年来，物理学家们提出了许多关于时间旅行的理论。根据设空前的形容词numerous（许多的，大量的）可知，其后需接可数名词复数形式作宾语，theory的复数为theories。 4．Many (discovery) have been made in this field in recent years. 【答案】discoveries 【详解】句意：近年来，该领域已取得许多发现。discovery为可数名词，many后接可数名词复数，作主语。 5．Standardized agreements, open-access frameworks, and AI-driven systems integrating weather, health, and pollution data could establish baselines and identify high-risk pollutant (combination). 【答案】combinations 【详解】句意：标准化协议、开放获取框架，以及整合天气、健康和污染数据的AI驱动系统，可以建立基线并识别高风险的污染物组合。combination为名词，此处表示各类高风险污染物的组合，表泛指含义，需要使用其复数形式combinations。 考点二：名词所有格 例1.( 26-27高一上·湖北云梦县第一中学·月考) It is important to put oneself in (other) shoes because it helps people understand each other and develop good relationships. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】others’ 【来源】湖北省云梦县第一中学2026-2027学年高一上学期入学考试英语试题 【详解】句意：换位思考十分重要，因为这有助于人们相互理解，建立良好的人际关系。固定短语put oneself in others’ shoes表示换位思考，名词所有格修饰后面名词shoes。 例2. (25-26高一上·河南三门峡渑池县第二高级中学·月考)We live near the park. It’s just a ten (minute) ride. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】minutes’ 【来源】河南省三门峡市渑池县第二高级中学2025-2026学年高一上学期10月月考英语试题 【详解】考查距离表达。句意：我们住在公园附近，骑车只要十分钟路程。此处考查距离的表达方式：时间’s + 交通工具名词表示“乘坐某交通工具需要多长时间的路程”，被ten修饰，minute应用复数形式minutes，然后变成minutes’。故填minutes’。 例3. The company is an official sponsor the World Cup, so its logo appears on the field. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】of 【来源】外研版必修三 Unit 4 Amazing art Section Ⅳ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 【详解】考查介词。句意：该公司是世界杯的官方赞助商，因此其标志出现在了赛场之上。此处sponsor与the World Cup为所属关系，用of表示名词所有格形式，故填of。 1．The entire class is immersed in the collective revision, getting ready for the (year) final exams in the coming week. 【答案】year’s 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：整个班级都沉浸在集体复习中，为下周的年度期末考试做准备。单数名词的所有格是在词尾加’s，year是单数名词，the year’s final exams 意为“学年的期末考试”。故填year’s。 2．The loud cheers from the (audience) seats made all the young players feel warm and full of confidence before the match started. 【答案】audience’s 【详解】句意：来自观众席的响亮欢呼声让所有年轻运动员在比赛开始前感到温暖且充满信心。空白处作定语修饰名词seats，应使用名词所有格。 3．It is heartbreaking to see how the conflict has devastated (people) lives. 【答案】people’s 【详解】句意：看到这场冲突摧毁了人们的生活，令人心碎。空后lives是名词，需用people的所有格作定语，people是不以s结尾的复数名词，所有格形式是在词尾加’s，构成people’s，表示“人们的”。 4．All the (candidate) applications will be carefully reviewed before they enter the nature reserve. 【答案】candidates’ 【详解】句意：所有候选人的申请在进入自然保护区之前都将被仔细审查。空处修饰名词applications，应用名词所有格形式；candidate为可数名词，由All修饰，应用复数candidates，其所有格为candidates’。 5．The (cafe) bright windows attract large numbers of tourists every day. 【答案】cafe’s 【详解】句意：这家咖啡馆明亮的窗户每天吸引着大量游客。此处cafe与windows构成所属关系，用名词所有格形式。 6．Li Ziqi, one of the most popular influencers in China, made a dramatic return to social media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the (world) attention from home and abroad. ( 【答案】world’s 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：李子柒，中国最受欢迎的网红之一，在阔别三年后戏剧性地回归社交媒体，吸引了国内外的关注。空处修饰名词attention，应用名词所有格world’s。故填world’s。 考点三 词形转换 例1.( 2024年1月辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) So what is the 47 (solve)? It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. 【答案】47．solution 【详解】47．考查名词。句意：因此，解决方法是什么呢？此处作表语，故应用名词solution“解决方法”，故填solution。 例2. (2024年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) To them, bike riding is no longer a need forced upon them, but a quite modern lifestyle that combines fitness, social 40 (communicate) and city tour. 【答案】40．communication 【详解】40．考查名词。句意：对他们来说，骑自行车不再是被迫的需求，而是一种结合了健身、社交和城市旅游的现代生活方式。作动词combines的宾语，应用名词communication“交流”，此处表示抽象意义，不可数。故填communication。 例3. (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)So far the Paxo phone project has drawn much attention and people want to help with its 44 (develop). 【答案】44．development 【详解】44．考查词性转换。句意：到目前为止，帕克索手机项目已吸引了诸多关注，人们都希望为它的研发出一份力。此处作介词with的宾语，需用名词形式，develop的名词为development。故填development。 例4. (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)…. and here are some useful suggestions. Leave a good 42 (impress) on others. Learn from experienced colleagues. Communicate effectively (effect) with other people. Write clearly and concisely. 【答案】42．impression 【详解】42．考查名词。句意：给别人留下好印象。“leave a good + 名词”为固定搭配，表“留下好的……”。“impress”（给…… 留下印象，动词）的名词形式为 “impression”（印象），且“a”后接单数名词。故填impression。 1．Years of practice helped the basketball player develop greater (flexible) and confidence on court.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】flexibility 【详解】句意：多年的训练帮助这位篮球运动员在球场上培养出更强的灵活性与自信心。本空作develop的宾语，用不可数名词flexibility。 2．To her great (embarrass), she met her former teacher in worn‑out clothes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】embarrassment 【详解】句意：令她十分尴尬的是，她穿着破旧的衣服遇见了以前的老师。to one’s + 名词是固定结构，意为“令某人……的是”；括号内embarrass是动词，其名词形式embarrassment表示“尴尬”。 3．We should raise public (aware) of protecting wild animals. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】awareness 【详解】句意：我们应该提高公众保护野生动物的意识。空格处为动词raise的宾语；aware的名词形式为awareness，意为“意识”，为不可数名词。 4．The dictionary provides clear (define) of over 100,000 words, making it highly useful for language learners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】definitions 【详解】句意：这本词典给出了十万多个单词清晰的释义，对语言学习者非常有用。本空作宾语，用名词definition，根据over 100,000 words可知，用复数 definitions。 5．Through the Asian Games, Hangzhou’s green and high-tech development concepts served as models for other cities in China, which also showed the country’s (commit) to low-carbon and innovation-driven development. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】commitment/commitments 【详解】句意：通过亚运会，杭州的绿色和高科技发展理念为中国其他城市提供了范例，同时也展现了国家对低碳和创新驱动发展的承诺。空处作showed的宾语，被the country’s修饰，应用名词commitment，可作不可数名词使用，表示“承诺”，强调国家在低碳和创新方面的宏观立场，也可作可数名词使用，用其复数形式，表示多个具体“承诺事项”，强调国家的具体行动或政策。 6．The company has arranged fewer (assign) during the Spring Festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】assignments 【详解】句意：公司在春节期间安排了更少的任务。本空作has arranged的宾语，用名词assignment“任务”，根据fewer可知，用复数形式assignments。 一、单项选择 1．In spite of tiredness and tough work, we went home with . A．satisfy B．satisfied C．satisfying D．satisfaction 【答案】D 【详解】句意：尽管疲惫且工作辛苦，我们仍带着满足感回家。 A. satisfy使满意；满足；B. satisfied感到满意的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. satisfaction满意；满足。介词with后接名词satisfaction作宾语。 2．He can conclude ______ their remarks that improvements in farming methods have significantly increased the rate of ______ in the area. A．from; employees B．from; unemployment C．with; employment D．with; employers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他可以从他们的话语中得出结论，农业方法的改进显著增加了该地区的失业率。第一空考查固定搭配conclude from，意为“从……中得出结论”；第二空考查名词，the rate of unemployment意为“失业率”，农业方法的改进（如机械化）通常会减少对劳动力的需求，从而导致失业率上升，符合语境逻辑。 3．The accused man, meeting the ________ eyes a moment too long before glancing away, tried to deny his wrongdoing by putting on a carefully affected air of innocence. A．guards’ B．jury’s C．journalists’ D．intruders’ 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词所有格辨析。句意：被指控的男人，在与陪审团的目光对视了片刻后，移开视线，试图装出一副精心伪装的无辜神情来否认自己的过错。A. guards’守卫的；B. jury’s陪审团的；C. journalists’记者的；D. intruders’闯入者的。根据The accused man可知，此处指被指控的男人与陪审团的目光对视，所以空处需用名词jury的所有格jury’s。故选B。 4．Man must evolve for all human ________ a method which rejects revenge, aggression, or retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love. A．conflicting B．conflicted C．conflict D．to conflict 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词。句意：人类必须为所有人类冲突进化出一种拒绝报复、攻击或反击的方法。这种方法的基础是爱。本空作介词for的宾语，应用名词conflict，表示“冲突”，此处指人类冲突，为抽象概念，不可数。故选C。 5．In the course of this life, I have had a great many ______ with a great many people who have been ______ with matters of consequence. A．concerned, encounters B．encounters, concerned C．concerns, encountered D．encountered, concerns 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词以及形容词。句意：在人生旅途中，我遇到过许多人，他们都关心重大事务。第一空处使用名词作宾语，a great many+名词复数，encounter为名词，意为“偶遇，邂逅”，此处表示复数意义，故用encounters；第二空处be concerned with为固定短语，意为“关心……”。故选B。 6．There are five ________ in the hospital that specialize in children’s diseases. A．woman doctor B．women doctor C．woman doctors D．women doctors 【答案】D 【详解】考查复合名词复数。句意：这家医院有五位专门治疗儿童疾病的女医生。“woman”修饰名词复数时，自身需变为复数“women”，且“doctor”也需用复数“doctors”，符合语境。故选D。 7．She has two ________ on the table. A．knife B．knifes C．knives D．knifees 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：她桌上有两把刀。分析句子可知，空前为two，此处为名词复数形式，“knife”（刀）是以“fe”结尾的可数名词，其复数形式需遵循“去掉 fe，加 ves”的规则，即“knives”。故选C项。 8．Between my home and the school ________ a railway station. A．stand B．stands C．stood D．are standing 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：在我的家和学校之间有一个火车站。介词短语置于句首引起倒装时，谓语动词的形式由后面主语的单复数确定。a railway station是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B。 9．He works hard and is often ________. I hope he will have more ________ at his business. A．successful; success B．success; successful C．successfully; successful D．successful; successful 【答案】A 【详解】考查形容词、名词和副词辨析。句意：他工作努力，经常成功。我希望他在生意上能有更多的成功。successful adj. 成功的；success n.成功；successfully adv.成功地。第一个空在系动词is后，用形容词successful作表语，表明主语He的状态；第二个空作宾语，用名词success。故选A项。 10．To her ________, she couldn’t remember his name. A．embarrass B．embarrassment C．embarrassing D．embarrassed 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词。句意：使她尴尬的是，她记不起他的名字了。“to one’s + 名词”是固定结构，表示“令某人……的是”，根据“to her...”的结构，这里需要一个名词。to her embarrassment 意思是“令她尴尬的是”。故选B项。 11．The teacher and writer _____ coming to _______ house. A．are, Kate and Mary’s B．were, Kate’s and Mary C．is, Kate’s and Mary’s D．is, Kate and Mary’s 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致和名词所有格。句意：这位老师兼作家要来凯特和玛丽的家。“the teacher and writer”表示“这位老师兼作家”，指的是同一个人，这个人既是老师又是作家，是单数概念，所以谓语动词要用单数形式，结合选项可知，第一空用is；根据第二空后单数名词“house”可知，第二空应用“Kate and Mary’s”表示凯特和玛丽共同的家。故选D。 12．It’s about ______ from here to our English teacher’s home. A．twenty-minutes walk B．twenty minute’s walk C．twenty-minute’s walk D．twenty minutes’ walk 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：从这里到我们英语老师家步行大约需要二十分钟。这个表达用来描述从一个地点到另一个地点的距离，采用“时间单位（复数形式）+ 名词所有格（’s）+ 名词（walk）”的结构。“twenty minutes”表示二十分钟，由于“minutes”是复数形式，其所有格只需在末尾加一个（’），所以正确的表达方式为“twenty minutes’ walk”。故选D。 13．Today is September 10th. It’s ________ Day. Let’s say “Thank you” to our teachers. A．Teacher’s B．the Teachers’ C．Teachers D．Teachers’ 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：今天是9月10日。今天是教师节。让我们对我们的老师们说声“谢谢”。结合句意可知，今天是9月10号，是教师节。“教师节”的表达方式是Teachers’ Day，可数名词复数的所有格形式是在名词变复数后加’，所有格构成的专有名词前不加定冠词the。故选D。 14．He hurt his leg yesterday. ______ why he can’t come to ______ party. A．That’s; tonight B．That’s; tonight’s C．It’s; tonight D．It’s; tonight’s 【答案】B 【详解】考查代词以及名词所有格。句意：他昨天伤了腿。那就是为什么他不能来参加今晚的聚会。根据“why he can’t come to ______ party”可知，他不来参见今晚的聚会的原因是他昨天伤了腿。that可以指代上文中“He hurt his leg yesterday”这件事，That’s why…意为“那是因为……”为表语从句；第二个空需要名词所有用格作定语，修饰后面的名词。故选B。 15．Life in the following ______ time may be harder than before, but everyone should stick to his goals and make an effort to achieve them. A．three-months B．three month C．three months D．three months’ 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：接下来三个月的生活可能会比以前更艰难，但每个人都应该坚持自己的目标，并努力实现这些目标。根据后面的名词可知，空处需要名词所有格。three months’为名词所有格，表示“三个月的”。故选D。 二、单句语法填空 1．It was his original (intend) to set up a public library for the teenagers living in those remote mountain villages. 【答案】intention 【详解】句意：他最初的打算是为那些住在偏远山村里的青少年建一座公共图书馆。提示词作表语，用名词形式intention，意为“打算”，特指他的某个打算，用单数。 2．Full of (energetic), the young speaker walked onto the stage and began her speech. 【答案】energy 【详解】句意：充满活力的年轻演讲者走上舞台，开始发表讲话。设空处使用energetic的名词energy作宾语，意为“活力，精力”，其为不可数名词。 3．He has a (prefer) for working in a quiet and organized environment, as it helps him focus his tasks. 【答案】 preference on 【详解】句意：他偏爱在安静有序的环境中工作，因为这有助于他专注于任务。提示词prefer(偏爱)作has的宾语，用名词形式preference，前面有a修饰，用单数；focus on是固定短语，意为“专注于”。 4．The event (transform) his whole life, and the (transform) amazed everyone. 【答案】 transformed transformation 【详解】句意：这件事改变了他的一生，这个改变让所有人都很吃惊。第一空，根据amazed可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式transformed；第二空，the后接名词形式transformation，作主语。 5．Due to food (short), many local people suffered a lot. 【答案】shortage 【详解】句意：由于食物短缺，很多当地人饱受苦难。 介词due to后接名词短语；short是形容词，名词形式shortage，food shortage食物短缺。 6．Therefore, let’s take the (responsible) to make it a low-carbon city by riding bicycles. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】句意：因此，让我们承担起通过骑自行车来将它建设成一座低碳城市的责任吧。take要接名词作宾语，将形容词responsible变成名词responsibility。 7．Most people’s (react) to this amusing performance is positive. 【答案】reaction 【详解】句意：大多数人对这场有趣表演的反应是积极的。根据空前的名词所有格Most people’s，此处需要填入名词作句子主语，动词react对应的名词形式为reaction“反应”。reaction to...​为固定搭配，意为“对……的反应”。 8．As a (journalist), he has interviewed lots of people from different cultures. 【答案】journalist 【详解】句意：作为一名记者，他采访过很多来自不同文化背景的人。不定冠词后接表示人的名词，journalist意为“记者”，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。 9．We’ll also explore natural (landscape) by hiking Table Mountain, seeing penguins in Simon’s Town, and watching waves crash at the Cape of Good Hope. 【答案】landscapes 【详解】句意：我们还将通过徒步桌山、在西蒙镇看企鹅、在好望角观看海浪拍岸来探索自然景观。landscape为可数名词，此处泛指多个不同的自然景观，应用复数形式landscapes作宾语。 10．Even though Hua and Ken have nothing in common on the surface, the two boys develop a deep connection that leaves a lasting (impress). 【答案】impression 【详解】句意：尽管华和肯表面上毫无共同之处，两个男孩却建立了深厚的联系，给人留下持久的印象。impress为动词，此处需用其名词形式impression，意为“印象”在句中作宾语。 11．What we know about its (originate) is still limited. 【答案】origin 【详解】句意：我们对于它的起源所知仍然有限。its 是形容词性物主代词，后面需要接名词，originate（v. 起源，发源）其名词形式为origin“起源；源头”作宾语，符合语境。 12．Many (attract) in the city attract a large number of tourists to participate in cultural activities held there. 【答案】attractions 【详解】句意：这座城市里的许多景点吸引了大批游客来参加在那里举办的文化活动。提示词作主语，用名词形式attraction，意为“景点”，有Many修饰，用复数形式attractions。 13．His bad (behave) in public drew other people’s attention. 【答案】behaviour/behavior 【详解】句意：他在公共场合的不良行为引起了别人的注意。提示词作主语，用名词形式behaviour或者behavior，意为“行为，举止”，不可数名词。 14．The famous (consult) gave us plenty of practical suggestions. 【答案】consultant 【详解】句意：那位著名的顾问给了我们许多实用的建议。consultant意为“顾问”，在句中作主语。 15．To everyone’s (astonish), there it was — an old watch, just as the man had described. 【答案】astonishment 【详解】句意：令所有人惊讶的是，它就在那里——一块旧手表，正如那个人所描述的那样。分析句子结构，“To everyone’s”后需接名词，空格处为介词To的宾语；astonish的名词形式为astonishment，“to one’s astonishment”为固定搭配，意为“令某人惊讶的是”。 一、阅读理解 A Healthy Living Camp The Healthy Living Camp is a one-week outdoor program that encourages people to enjoy nature and build better daily habits. It welcomes students, families, and office workers who want to refresh their mind and body through simple, healthy living. Morning Fitness Each day begins with group exercises beside the lake. Trainers guide participants through stretching, jogging, and breathing activities. These routines improve strength and help people start the day with energy. Nutrition Workshops After breakfast, nutrition coaches share tips about balanced meals. Participants learn how to prepare food with fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. They also practice making quick, healthy snacks that are easy to make at home. Mindful Living Sessions In the afternoon, guests join quiet reflection and meditation (冥想) exercises. Instructors show how to relax, manage stress, and stay focused. These sessions help participants keep a calm and positive attitude even in busy situations. Eco-Friendly Practices The camp teaches everyone to care for the environment. Activities include cleaning hiking trails, planting small trees, and learning to reduce plastic use. Through these projects, campers understand the importance of protecting nature in daily life. At the end of the week, each participant receives a personal report with health tips and progress records. The camp hopes that every guest continues using these habits long after they return home. 1．What is the goal of the camp? A．To offer short tours. B．To train students. C．To teach advanced cooking methods. D．To help people build better daily habits. 2．What activity takes place beside the lake each morning? A．Trail cleaning. B．Nutrition lessons. C．Stretching and jogging. D．Meditation exercises. 3．What is the purpose of the afternoon sessions? A．To teach stress management and concentration. B．To provide outdoor survival training. C．To practice fast cooking. D．To teach first-aid skills. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文介绍了一周户外健康生活营的参与对象、各类活动内容以及营地的目标。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“The Healthy Living Camp is a one-week outdoor program that encourages people to enjoy nature and build better daily habits.(健康生活营是一个为期一周的户外项目，旨在鼓励人们亲近自然、养成更好的日常习惯。)”可知，该营地的目标是帮助人们养成更好的日常习惯。 2．细节理解题。根据Morning Fitness中的“Each day begins with group exercises beside the lake. Trainers guide participants through stretching, jogging, and breathing activities.(每天在湖边以集体运动开启。教练带领参与者做拉伸、慢跑以及呼吸训练。)”可知，每天早上在湖边进行的活动是拉伸和慢跑。 3．推理判断题。根据Mindful Living Sessions中的“In the afternoon, guests join quiet reflection and meditation (冥想) exercises. Instructors show how to relax, manage stress, and stay focused.(下午，学员参与静心反思和冥想练习。指导老师教大家如何放松、调节压力以及保持专注。)”可知，下午课程的目的是教授压力管理和集中注意力。 B The Nobel Prize, first awarded in 1901, is one of the most closely watched honors in the world. The 2026 literature prize went to Anne Carson, a 76-year-old Canadian poet and translator, whose works, drawing on ancient Greek and Roman literature and personal experience, have reshaped literary forms. While most winners would feel honored, Carson showed nothing but disbelief. “It feels a bit crazy,” she said. “I think they’re all crazy.” However, letting this talented writer know she had won took the Nobel Committee real effort. She was sweeping the floor at home in Iceland when the phone rang, and hit the red button several times, as hanging up on unknown numbers was simply her habit. Luckily, it was her husband, Robert Currie, who did the committee’s job. “You all owe me the prize,” he joked to her. “I made you call back.” What made the moment more special was a photo taken by Currie right after Carson learned the news. Praised by the Committee as a “confident and inventive” mind, this expert in the classics stood in her kitchen, wearing an old sweater, with her jaw dropped and an ordinary fridge covered with sticky notes behind her. After being shared by the Nobel Prize’s official account, the photo spread like wildfire, drawing tens of thousands of likes and comments. For ordinary people, the 12 million Swedish kronor (克朗) (about $1.2 million) is obviously valuable. For Carson, the large sum does not seem to be a big deal. She said in a phone interview that she and her husband were “thinking of ways to give it away.” The couple have donated to Doctors Without Borders for years, and mentioned a friend who is recently in need of a house. Perhaps, when the calls stop and the money is gone, Carson will return to her housework and her poems. 4．How does Carson feel about winning the Nobel Prize in literature? A．Shocked. B．Honored. C．Delighted. D．Stressed. 5．What helped the Nobel Committee finally get in contact with Carson? A．Her writing talent. B．Her phone habits. C．Her husband’s reminder. D．Her timely cleaning. 6．What can we learn about Carson’s photo in paragraph 3? A．It is an official photo. B．It shows her expertise. C．It has a special design. D．It draws public attention. 7．What can be inferred about Carson from the last paragraph? A．She plans to build houses for her friends. B．She has a good knowledge of economics. C．She shows little interest in the prize money. D．She gives all her time to voluntary donation. 【答案】4．A 5．C 6．D 7．C 【导语】文章讲述了76岁加拿大诗人卡森斩获诺贝尔文学奖，她十分意外，多次挂断来电，靠丈夫才接到通知，她的照片走红，她打算把奖金捐赠出去。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“While most winners would feel honored, Carson showed nothing but disbelief. “It feels a bit crazy,” she said. “I think they’re all crazy.” (大多数获奖者都会感到荣幸，而卡森只表现出难以置信。“这感觉有点疯狂，”她说。“我觉得他们都疯了。”)”可知，她对获得诺贝尔文学奖感到非常震惊。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Luckily, it was her husband, Robert Currie, who did the committee’s job. “You all owe me the prize,” he joked to her. “I made you call back.” (幸运的是，是她的丈夫罗伯特・柯里帮了委员会的忙。“这个奖你们都得归功于我，” 他跟她开玩笑说，“是我让你回电话的。”)”可知，是她丈夫的提醒帮助诺贝尔委员会最终联系上了卡森。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“After being shared by the Nobel Prize’s official account, the photo spread like wildfire, drawing tens of thousands of likes and comments. (这张照片经诺贝尔奖官方账号转发后迅速传开，收获了数万点赞和评论。)”可知，这张照片吸引了公众的关注。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For Carson, the large sum does not seem to be a big deal. She said in a phone interview that she and her husband were “thinking of ways to give it away.” (对卡森来说，这笔巨款似乎不算什么。她在电话采访中说，她和丈夫正“想办法把这笔钱捐出去。”)”可知，卡森对奖金没什么兴趣。 C Corktown Common Park is a beautiful urban oasis in Toronto’s West Don Lands district. It features a wildlife-filled marsh, sport fields, playgrounds, and plenty of space for picnics or barbecues. However, the park’s most impressive function is invisible: it’s designed to protect nearby neighborhoods from flooding. The landscape architects team worked with engineering firm Arup to create a park that looks natural but functions like a dyke (堤坝). Twenty years ago, the West Don Lands area was mostly unused. It was once home to brick-making companies and taxi garages but had been abandoned for years. Emily Mueller, an associate principal of the firm, explains that Toronto struggled to develop the area due to its high flood risk, because it’s close to both a lake and a river. In recent years, the district has seen significant development, with new office buildings and residential towers. Like many cities, Toronto is working to protect its neighborhoods from more frequent floods caused by climate change. Corktown Common was built on a floodplain, so the team raised the land’s elevation (海拔) by nearly nine meters to create a natural barrier against rising water. Mueller explains that the goal was to combine the park with its facilities, making it feel like a welcoming green space rather than just a flood barrier. To achieve this, the firm added six meters of rolling hills and playgrounds on top of the infrastructure (基础设施). The park is divided into wet and dry sides. Rainwater on the dry side is collected through underground pipes and stored in a large tank for irrigation. This system also reduces pressure on the Don River by slowing the flow of water into Lake Ontario. 8．What is the primary function of Corktown Common Park? A．To attract foreign tourists. B．To replace factories. C．To protect local communities. D．To provide housing. 9．What caused the West Don Lands area to face high flood risk? A．Its wet climate. B．Its poor transportation. C．Its industrial destruction. D．Its unfavorable location. 10．Why did the team add rolling hills and playgrounds on top of the barrier? A．To provide more space for sports and recreation. B．To make the barrier look and feel like a friendly park. C．To increase the height of the barrier against extreme floods. D．To reduce the cost of maintaining the flood-control facilities. 11．What is the best title for the passage? A．Corktown Common Park: A Green Space for Recreation B．Corktown Common Park: A Flood-protecting Park with Green Space C．West Don Lands: An Old Area with Great Development Potential D．West Don Lands: A Site to Lower Stress on the Don River 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．B 【导语】文章主要介绍多伦多的科克敦公共公园，它既是绿地，又是抵御洪水的防洪设施。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, the park’s most impressive function is invisible: it’s designed to protect nearby neighborhoods from flooding.(然而，这座公园最令人惊叹的功能是看不见的：它旨在保护附近社区免受洪水侵袭。)”可知，公园的主要功能是保护当地社区。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Emily Mueller, an associate principal of the firm, explains that Toronto struggled to develop the area due to its high flood risk, because it’s close to both a lake and a river.(该公司副总监艾米丽・穆勒解释说，由于洪水风险高，多伦多很难开发这片区域，因为它同时靠近湖泊和河流。)”可知，不利的地理位置造成该地区洪水风险高。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Mueller explains that the goal was to combine the park with its facilities, making it feel like a welcoming green space rather than just a flood barrier. To achieve this, the firm added six meters of rolling hills and playgrounds on top of the infrastructure.(穆勒解释，目标是将公园与其设施结合，让它像宜人绿地而非单纯的防洪堤。为实现这一点，团队在基础设施上方修建了六米起伏山丘与游乐场。)”可知，起伏山丘与游乐场是为了让防洪堤看起来、感受上像一座友好的公园。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍Corktown Common Park兼具休闲绿地和防洪功能。B选项“Corktown Common Park: A Flood-protecting Park with Green Space(科克敦公共公园：兼具绿地功能的防洪公园)”能概括全文。 D When you’re meeting someone for the first time, you want to leave a good impression on him. 12 However, it’s not just your verbal language that matters — the way you behave is also important. Here are some tips on body language to show positivities and kindness in communication with others. Nod and smile when appropriate. These nonverbal signs can show the other person that you’re fully involved in what he is saying, and in agreement. Try nodding three times to show that you’re really absorbed in what he is saying. 13 If you turn up the corners of your mouth but your eyes stay the same, you could come off as insincere. 14 Don’t be obvious, but try to match his body language and facial expressions. This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person’s goodwill toward the person mirroring him. If he’s leaning against a wall, lean against the wall. If he has crossed his arms, cross your arms. 15 Laugh truly. Even if you’re in a formal setting, if the other person has clearly said something that was intended to raise a laugh, laugh! 16 And this can also show him that you’re listening to what he is saying. Avoid laughing out of nerves or because you have nothing to say. A．Always keep your arms crossed. B．Mirror the person you’re speaking with. C．It’s a simple technique that can often pay off. D．Show him that you have a sense of humor. E．Avoid touching your hair or adjusting your clothing. F．When it comes to smiling, make sure it reaches your eyes! G．You want to say all the perfect things at all the right times. 【答案】12．G 13．F 14．B 15．C 16．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了一些肢体语言的技巧，可以在与他人交流时表现出积极和友善。 【详解】12．根据下文“However, it’s not just your verbal language that matters — the way you behave is also important.(然而，重要的不仅仅是你的口头语言，你的行为方式也同样重要。)”可知，本句是在说明说话的时机，故G选项“你想在合适的时候说所有完美的话。”符合语境。 13．根据下文“If you turn up the corners of your mouth but your eyes stay the same, you could come off as insincere.(如果你只是上扬嘴角，但眼睛保持不变，你可能会被认为是不真诚的。)”可知，本句是在说明微笑时，眼睛应当如何行动。故F选项“当微笑时，一定要让它触及你的眼睛！”中的关键词“reaches your eyes”与下文“eyes”属于同一话题，顺理成章。 14．根据下文“This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person’s goodwill toward the person mirroring him.(这种模仿技巧甚至可以提升一个人对模仿他的人的好感度。)”可知，此处表示镜像技术，B选项“模仿和你交谈的人”是整段的概括，符合题意。 15．根据上文“This mirroring technique has even been shown to increase a person’s goodwill toward the person mirroring him.(这种模仿技巧甚至可以提升一个人对模仿他的人的好感度。)”可知，本句是对上文提到的技术的评价：这是一种很简单的方法，但往往很有效，C选项中的关键词“technique”与上文属于同一话题。C选项“这是一种往往能取得好效果的简单技巧”符合语境。 16．根据下文“And this can also show him that you’re listening to what he is saying.(这也可以让他知道你在听他说话。)”可知，本句是在说明如何做可以让对方知道你在听她说话：向展示你有幽默感。D选项中“him”与下文的“he”属于同一话题顺理成章。故D选项“向他展示你有幽默感”符合语境。 二、完形填空 A quiet afternoon at a Michigan beach suddenly turned into a dangerous race against time. Out of nowhere, a mother 17 out of the water, carrying her two-year-old daughter who had stopped breathing. That left everyone nearby 18 . Mariza Mojica, a mother herself, was shocked at first by the sudden emergency. However, seeing the 19 mother, she quickly stepped in to 20 the woman. Knowing that every single second 21 , Mojica took the child into her arms and immediately 22 CPR (心肺复苏). She first tried mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths, but the child showed no 23 . Without hesitation, Mojica began to do chest compressions (胸外按压), 24 to give up hope. The fight for life continued under great pressure. Just moments later, the child let out a weak cough and began 25 again. Although the whole rescue 26 only about two minutes before professional help arrived, it felt like forever to Mojica. 27 , thanks to her timely effort and calm mind, the little girl was 28 and later left the hospital, safe and sound. Mojica never wanted to be a hero on that day. She simply saw a family in great 29 and chose to 30 . Her brave action serves as a powerful reminder: ordinary people can make a great 31 in life-or-death moments when they respond with quick thinking, courage, and true kindness. 17．A．looked B．walked C．rushed D．dropped 18．A．cheerful B．fearful C．doubtful D．disappointed 19．A．helpless B．careless C．homeless D．selfless 20．A．help B．recognize C．protect D．follow 21．A．remained B．waited C．counted D．continued 22．A．learned B．performed C．received D．discovered 23．A．respect B．weakness C．interest D．improvement 24．A．preparing B．refusing C．managing D．agreeing 25．A．breathing B．drinking C．crying D．walking 26．A．meant B．afforded C．lasted D．started 27．A．Luckily B．However C．Therefore D．Suddenly 28．A．found B．saved C．corrected D．praised 29．A．silence B．doubt C．need D．progress 30．A．hold on B．come in C．set off D．lend a hand 31．A．choice B．decision C．deal D．difference 【答案】 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．D 【导语】文章讲述了在密歇根海滩的一个宁静午后，小女孩意外溺水、呼吸停止，普通母亲Mariza Mojica临危不惧、果断施救，在专业救援到达前为女孩赢得了生机，用行动证明了普通人在生死关头也能带来巨大改变。 【详解】17．考查动词。句意：忽然，一位母亲冲出水面，怀中抱着已经停止呼吸的两岁女儿。A. looked看见；B. walked步行；C. rushed冲；D. dropped掉落。根据前文“Out of nowhere”及后文“carrying her two-year-old daughter who had stopped breathing”可知，孩子状况危急，母亲是“冲”出水面的，rushed最符合语境。 18．考查形容词。句意：这使周围所有人都感到害怕。A. cheerful高兴的；B. fearful害怕的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. disappointed失望的。根据前文“who had stopped breathing”可知，孩子停止呼吸是紧急可怕的情形，因此周围的人“感到害怕”。 19．考查形容词。句意：然而，看到这位无助的母亲，她迅速走上前去帮助这位女士。A. helpless无助的；B. careless粗心的；C. homeless无家可归的；D. selfless无私的。根据第一段“a mother ______ out of the water, carrying her two-year-old daughter”可知，孩子停止呼吸，母亲此刻惊无助。 20．考查动词。句意：然而，看到这位无助的母亲，她迅速走上前去帮助这位女士。A. help帮助；B. recognize认出；C. protect保护；D. follow跟随。根据后文“Mojica took the child into her arms and immediately ______ CPR (心肺复苏).”Mojica抱过孩子进行急救可知，她是在“帮助”这位母亲，step in to help指上前帮忙。 21．考查动词。句意：知道每一秒都至关重要，Mojica把孩子抱进怀里，立刻实施心肺复苏。A. remained保持；B. waited等待；C. counted重要、要紧；D. continued继续。根据第一段“child who had stopped breathing”可知，时间紧迫、分秒必争，every second counted意为“每一秒都很重要”，count作不及物动词表示“重要”。 22．考查动词。句意：知道每一秒都至关重要，Mojica把孩子抱进怀里，立刻实施心肺复苏。A. learned学习；B. performed实施、执行；C. received收到；D. discovered发现。根据后文“She first tried mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths, but the child showed no ______. Without hesitation, Mojica began to do chest compressions (胸外按压), ______ to give up hope.”可知，Mojica对孩子实施心肺复苏。 23．考查名词。句意：她先尝试口对口人工呼吸，但孩子没有任何好转。A. respect尊敬；B. weakness虚弱；C. interest兴趣；D. improvement好转、改善。根据后文“Without hesitation, Mojica began to do chest compressions(胸外按压),”可知，人工呼吸未见效果，孩子“没有好转”。 24．考查动词。句意：Mojica毫不犹豫地开始做胸外按压，拒绝放弃希望。A. preparing准备；B. refusing拒绝；C. managing设法做到；D. agreeing同意。根据空前“Without hesitation, Mojica began to do chest compressions (胸外按压)”可知，她没有放弃希望。 25．考查动词。句意：片刻之后，孩子发出一声微弱的咳嗽，又开始呼吸了。A. breathing呼吸；B. drinking喝水；C. crying哭；D. walking走路。根据第一段“who had stopped breathing”和前文“let out a weak cough”可知，孩子恢复自主“呼吸”。 26．考查动词。句意：虽然整个营救只持续了大约两分钟，专业救援人员就赶到了，但对Mojica来说却像过了很久。A. meant意味着；B. afforded负担得起；C. lasted持续；D. started开始。根据后文“only about two minutes”并结合上文提到的人工呼吸和心肺复苏可知，营救过程“持续”了约两分钟。 27．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，多亏她及时的救助和冷静的心态，小女孩得救了，后来平安出院。A. Luckily幸运地；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Suddenly突然。根据后文“the little girl was ______ and later left the hospital, safe and sound”可知，结果令人欣喜，是“幸运的”。 28．考查动词。句意：多亏她及时的救助和冷静的心态，小女孩得救了，后来平安出院。A. found找到；B. saved得救、获救；C. corrected纠正；D. praised表扬。根据后文“and later left the hospital, safe and sound”可知，小女孩平安出院，是被“救”了。 29．考查名词。句意：她只是看到一个家庭正处于极大的危难之中，于是选择伸出援手。A. silence沉默；B. doubt怀疑；C. need需要、困境；D. progress进步。根据上文小女孩溺水、家人惊慌可知，这个家庭正“急需帮助”，in great need意为“处于极大的困境中”。 30．考查动词短语。句意：她只是看到一个家庭正处于极大的危难之中，于是选择伸出援手。A. hold on坚持、稍等；B. come in进来；C. set off出发；D. lend a hand伸出援手、帮忙。根据语境及上文“step in to ______ the woman”可知，Mojica选择“帮助”这个家庭，lend a hand指伸出援手。 31．考查名词。句意：她勇敢的行为有力地提醒我们：普通人在生死关头，只要以敏捷的思维、勇气和真正的善良作出回应，就能创造巨大的不同。A. choice选择；B. decision决定；C. deal交易；D. difference不同、影响。make a great/a big difference为固定搭配，意为“产生重大影响、带来很大不同”，与文章主旨相符，即普通人也能在关键时刻带来巨大改变。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What is senior high school life like? The path before you leads to a world full of challenges: a new environment, new knowledge and new ways of thinking. 32 , the opportunity lies in each challenge. 33 you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy 34 (person) growth. Most 35 (important), your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. 36 (realize) your potential, 37 is important for you to make the most of our school resources. Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school 38 (facility). Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are 39 (equal) important. 40 a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills. Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. In time you will find 41 (you) growing into a well-rounded individual. 【答案】 32．However 33．When/As 34．personal 35．importantly 36．To realize 37．it 38．facilities 39．equally 40．As 41．yourself 【导语】文章主要讲述了高中生活充满挑战，但每一份挑战中都蕴藏着机遇，鼓励高中生充分利用在校时光、发掘自身潜力，最终成长为全面发展的人。 【详解】32．考查副词。句意：摆在你面前的道路通向一个充满挑战的世界：新环境、新知识和新的思维方式。然而，机遇就存在于每一个挑战之中。根据前文提到高中充满各类挑战，后文说明挑战中藏有机遇，前后构成转折逻辑，且空格后有逗号隔开，此处应填表转折的连接副词However，句首单词首字母需大写。 33．考查连词。句意：当你勇敢应对这些挑战时，你就将有机会收获丰富的知识，享受个人的成长。根据句意逻辑，此处是引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，空格处可以填从属连词When/As，句首单词首字母需大写。 34．考查形容词。句意：当你勇敢应对这些挑战时，你就将有机会收获丰富的知识，享受个人的成长。此处修饰名词growth，需要用形容词作定语，person对应的形容词形式是personal，意为“个人的”。 35．考查副词。句意：最重要的是，你在高中付出的时间和努力将为你打开通往自身潜力的大门。此处作状语修饰整个句子，需要用副词形式，important对应的副词是importantly，固定搭配most importantly意为“最重要的是”。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了发掘你的潜力，充分利用学校的资源对你来说十分重要。此处表目的，作句子的目的状语，需要用动词不定式结构，所以填To realize，句首单词首字母需大写。 37．考查代词。句意：为了发掘你的潜力，充分利用学校的资源对你来说十分重要。本句是固定句式“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，空格处需要填入形式主语it，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to make the most of our school resources。 38．考查名词。句意：利用好课堂，向你的老师和同学学习，并且充分利用我们学校的设施。facility作“设施”讲时是可数名词，学校的设施不止一处，需要用复数形式facilities。 39．考查副词。句意：良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度同等重要。此处修饰形容词important，需要用副词作状语，equal对应的副词形式是equally，意为“同等地”。 40．考查介词。句意：作为一名高中生，你必须努力提升自己的沟通和解决问题的能力。此处表示身份，意为“作为”，填入介词As，句首单词首字母需大写。 41．考查反身代词。句意：最终你会发现你自己正在成长为一个全面发展的个体。此处动作的主语和宾语指代一致，都指文中的“你”，需要用反身代词yourself，意为“你自己”。 四、书信写作 42．假如你是李华，你发现学校阅览室存在以下问题：图书被随意乱涂乱画；阅览室内垃圾乱扔、桌椅不整等。为此，请你向全校同学发出倡议，内容包括： 1．陈述具体情况； 2．呼吁同学们共同爱护图书、保持阅览室整洁。 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear fellow students, Recently, I’ve noticed problems in our school’s reading room. Some books are scribbled on and pages are damaged. Worse still, litter is everywhere and desks and chairs are left messy. I call on everyone to create a comfortable place for readers. A reading room is a place to learn and enjoy quiet moments. Let’s take care of the books and keep the room clean. Please remember that you should put rubbish in bins, clean up after using a desk, and never write in books. A small act of respect makes a big difference. It’s essential to shoulder our responsibility at school. Just be responsible! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】要求考生以李华的身份就学校阅览室存在的问题向全校同学发出爱护图书、保持整洁的倡议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 问题：problem→issue 呼吁某人做某事：call on sb. to do sth.→appeal to sb. to do sth. 垃圾：litter→trash 杂乱的：messy→chaotic 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：A reading room is a place to learn and enjoy quiet moments. 拓展句：A reading room is a place where we can learn and enjoy quiet moments. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Please remember that you should put rubbish in bins, clean up after using a desk, and never write in books.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】It’s essential to shoulder our responsibility at school.（运用了It作形式主语，动词不定式作真主语） 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $