学考专题01 动词的时态和语态：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题01 动词的时态和语态 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 动词的时态 考点二 被动语态 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 动词的时态 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时 必修 熟练掌握，能在语篇中正确选用并表达准确的时间与状态 熟练掌握 单项选择 语法填空 动词的时态 过去将来时 必修 能在语篇中理解和使用，常用于宾语从句表示“从过去看将要发生” 理解和使用 单项选择 语法填空 动词的时态 将来进行时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时 选择性必修 能在语篇中正确地理解和使用；能区分“过去的过去”与“影响现在”等表层意义 正确理解和使用 单项选择 语法填空 动词语态 被动语态：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成等 必修 能判断主语与谓语动词的施动／受动关系，掌握一般被动与常用特殊被动结构 熟练掌握 语法填空 单项选择 动词语态 过去进行时、过去完成时的被动语态 选择性必修 能在语篇中恰当地理解和使用；能与同句中主动形式交替出现的语段正确辨析 正确理解和使用 语法填空 层级解读 ● 必修（一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、过去将来）：必须过关，是语法填空的主战场。 ● 选择性必修（将来进行、过去完成、现在完成进行；过去进行与过去完成的被动）：必须会用，但命题更常与语篇逻辑结合考查。 ● 选修（提高类）（倒装、强调、同位语从句、虚拟语气）：本讲义不展开。仅在必要时作“边界提示”。 ● “将来完成时”“过去完成进行时”“过去将来完成时”属教材拓展内容，学考不作硬性考查要求，本讲义仅在总矩阵中标注为“拓展”，不展开精讲。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份在组织形式上虽有差异，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致。因此，下面的差异分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 语篇材料 选材广泛，兼顾社会生活、传统文化、科技前沿等主题 沿用全国卷材料（或按本省要求命题） 时态语态必须能服务于语篇逻辑，而非孤立单句 语法填空 10 个空，15 分；约 7∶3 为“有提示词／无提示词” 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 有提示词的空考“形式变换”，无提示词的空考“语境推断” 设空位置 常嵌于长句与从句中，一个空可能同时涉及时态、语态、主谓一致 同一 不能只背规则，必须练“划分句子结构” 干扰项设计 多为“时态混淆”“主动／被动误判”“主谓一致忽略”三类 同一 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 书写要求 填写所给词的正确形式，注意拼写与词形 同一 过去分词、现在分词拼写错误属于非智力性失分，必须专项过关 1.3 2027 命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近五年全国卷语法填空的命题走向 ● 语篇化：语法填空已从“语法知识填空”转为“语篇逻辑填空”。设空必须服务于整段意义建构，靠孤立的时间状语猜时态的路子越来越走不通。 ● 考点密集化：近年全国卷语法填空中，动词相关考点（非谓语动词、时态、语态、主谓一致）合计占比约四成，其中谓语动词的时态／语态年均约 1—2 空。 ● 主被动交替：同一语段内主动与被动形式交替出现，语境提供判断依据，“见到不及物动词就排除被动”成为常见设坑方式。 ● 高频时态：一般过去时出现频次最高，其次为现在完成时、现在完成进行时与一般将来时；被动语态重点落在一般现在被动、一般过去被动、将来被动与现在完成被动。 ● 长句综合：考点不再孤立考查，而是嵌在定语从句、状语从句或非谓语结构之中，先断句、再定时态是提速关键。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 建体系 以“时×体”总矩阵为骨架，逐格落实“构成＋用法＋标志词＋例句”，做到看到时间线索就能定位到具体时态格位 知识零散、时态之间辨析不清 练语境 放弃成套的单句选择，改做整段填空；每做一题，先问“这句话在语篇中的时间坐标是什么” 见标志词就套规则，语境判断能力缺失 查一致 写作与填空训练后通读检查时态统一性：全篇时态是否随叙述时间线同步推进，主动与被动是否符合语篇视角 时态跳跃、主动被动混用导致的表达不准 . 2.1 时态体系总矩阵 2.2 12 个核心时态速查表 时态 构成 核心用法 典型标志词／语境 例句 一般现在时 work / works ① 经常性、习惯性动作；② 客观真理、自然现象；③ 按时刻表安排的将来动作 always, usually, every day, on Mondays；主将从现 The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 一般过去时 worked 过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态；与现在无直接关联 yesterday, last week, … ago, in 2020 I saw the film last night. 我昨晚看了那部电影。 一般将来时 will work; am/is/are going to work; am/is/are to work ① 将来要发生；② 说话时临时决定；③ 已有计划；④ 约定或注定 tomorrow, next week, in two days The meeting will be held tomorrow. 会议明天举行。 过去将来时 would work; was/were going to work 立足过去、着眼未来；多用于宾语从句 said…, the next day, before… He said he would come. 他说他会来。 现在进行时 am/is/are working ① 说话此刻正在进行；② 现阶段正在进行； ③ 按计划将要发生 now, at the moment, Look!, Listen! He is leaving tomorrow. 他明天就出发。 过去进行时 was/were working ① 过去某刻正在进行；② 过去某时段持续； ③ 表示过去的将来 at this time yesterday, all morning, when… He said he was leaving the next day. 他说他第二天要走。 将来进行时 will be working 将来某一时刻正在进行的动作；或从将来某刻起持续下去 this time tomorrow, at 8 tomorrow I will be flying to Beijing this time tomorrow. 明天此时我正在飞往北京。 现在完成时 have/has worked ① 动作持续到现在；② 过去动作对现在的影响或结果 since, for, so far, already, yet, just, recently I have lived here for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年。 过去完成时 had worked “过去的过去”：在过去某一时间点之前已完成 by the time, before, by 2020, after… When I arrived, the train had left. 我到时火车已经开走了。 现在完成进行时 have/has been working ① 动作从过去持续到现在并将延续；② 近期间反复进行 all day, this week, recently, since, for I have been reading this book recently. 我最近一直在读这本书。 拓展·将来完成时 will have worked 将来某时之前已完成（教材拓展，非学考硬性要求） by the end of next year, by then By June he will have graduated. 到六月他就毕业了。 拓展·过去完成进行时 had been working 持续到过去某一时刻（教材拓展，非学考硬性要求） for hours before… He had been working all morning before the news came. 消息传来前他已工作了一上午。 ★ 易错提醒｜“现在完成时”与“一般过去时”的分水岭 两者都表示动作发生在过去，唯一的分水岭是：这个动作与“现在”有没有关系。 与现在有关（有结果、有延续）→ 现在完成时：I have lost my key.（钥匙现在还找不着） 与现在无关（只陈述过去某时的事实）→ 一般过去时：I lost my key yesterday.（昨天丢的，仅陈述事实） 硬性判据：出现 yesterday、last week、… ago、in 2020 等具体过去时间，谓语必用一般过去时；出现 since、for + 时间段、so far、up to now 等延续到现在的时段，谓语必用现在完成时。 补充：现在完成时不能与具体过去时间连用，这是命题人最常设置的干扰项。 2.3 被动语态总表与变形规则 被动语态的基本结构是 be + 过去分词。记忆要领：be 动词随“时”走，过去分词永远不变。 时态 被动构成 例句 例句译文 一般现在时被动 am/is/are done The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫。 一般过去时被动 was/were done The bridge was built in 1998. 这座桥建于 1998 年。 一般将来时被动 will/shall be done The meeting will be held tomorrow. 会议将于明天举行。 过去将来时被动 would/should be done He said the work would be finished in a week. 他说这项工作一周后会完成。 现在进行时被动 am/is/are being done The problem is being discussed now. 这个问题正在讨论之中。 过去进行时被动 was/were being done He was being treated when we arrived. 我们到达时他正在接受治疗。 现在完成时被动 have/has been done The work has been finished. 工作已经完成了。 过去完成时被动 had been done The letter had been written before he left. 他走之前信已经写好了。 含情态动词被动 can/must/may + be done The work must be finished today. 这项工作今天必须完成。 主动变被动四步法 2.4 时态标志词速查表 标志词是线索，不是答案。 用法：先由标志词初步定位时态，再回到语篇验证是否自洽。 语义类别 常见标志词 提示时态 频率与习惯 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week, once a week, now and then, from time to time 一般现在时 正在发生 now, at the moment, at present, Look!, Listen! 现在进行时 过去时间点 yesterday, last night/week/year, … ago, the other day, in 2020, just now 一般过去时 过去某刻 at this time yesterday, at ten o'clock last night, all morning 过去进行时 将来时间 tomorrow, next week/month/year, in two days, soon, by 2030 一般将来时 将来某刻 this time tomorrow, at 8 tomorrow morning, the day after tomorrow 将来进行时 延续到现在 since + 时间点, for + 时间段, so far, up to now, in recent years, lately, recently 现在完成时／现在完成进行时 已经完成 already, just, yet, ever, never, have/has… 现在完成时 过去的过去 by the time, by then, by 2020, before/after + 过去时, already 过去完成时 主将从现 if, unless, as soon as, before, after, until, as long as, when + 一般现在时 主句将来时，从句一般现在时 宾语从句呼应 主句为过去时时，从句随之后移 一般过去时／过去进行／过去完成／过去将来 2.5 语态判别三问与挖空自测 语态判别三问（按顺序问，答“否”即换方向） 顺序 追问 答“是”的结论 答“否”的结论 第 1 问 主语与谓语动词之间是施动（动作发出者）还是受动（动作承受者）关系？ 受动 → 考虑被动语态 施动 → 必须用主动语态 第 2 问 该动词是及物动词，或有对应的被动式吗？ 可用被动 不及物或无被动式 → 保持主动或改用系表结构 第 3 问 语境是否需要突出“承受者”，或不便／不必说出“发出者”？ 用被动（科技、新闻、说明性语段常见） 用主动（更直接、有力） 核心考点 · 精讲突破 考点一 动词的时态 一、时态的构成要素 英语时态体系由两个维度构成：“时”（tense）标示动作发生的时间，“体”（aspect）标示动作的完成方式与状态。二者组合成具体时态。做时态题的本质，是先确定“时”，再确定“体”。 维度 取值 回答的问题 在解题中的作用 时（时间） 现在 / 过去 / 将来 / 过去将来 这个动作什么时候发生？ 确定矩阵的“列”，是时态选择的主干 体（完成方式） 一般 / 进行 / 完成 / 完成进行 这个动作处于什么状态、持续多久、是否完成？ 确定矩阵的“行”，决定助动词与动词形式 动词形式 原形 / 三单 / 过去式 / 现在分词 / 过去分词 该动词该变成什么形式？ 落实到具体拼写，是语法填空的直接答案 二、时态用法逐项精讲 （一）一般现在时 ● 用法① 经常性、习惯性动作：常与 always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、every day/week、once a week 等连用。 ● 用法② 客观事实、真理、自然现象、格言警句：主语常为 the earth、the sun、it、this 等。 ● 用法③ 按时间表、计划安排好的将来动作：只限于 go、come、leave、start、stop、arrive、begin 等表示移动或动作趋向的动词。 ● 用法④ 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替一般将来时（“主将从现”）。 ● 用法⑤ 以 here、there 开头的倒装句（Here comes the bus.）表示现在正在发生。 例句：He plays basketball every day. 他每天都打篮球。/ The film starts at two o'clock. 电影两点钟开始。/ If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll probably find a solution that suits everyone. 如果你从各方面考虑问题，你可能会找到一个适合所有人的解决方案。 （二）一般过去时 ● 用法① 过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday、last year、the other day、… ago 连用。 ● 用法② 时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。 ● 用法③ 在 want、wonder、think、hope 等少数动词后用一般过去时表示婉转口气（相当于现在时的委婉表达）。 ● 用法④ It's time…、I wish…、I'd rather… 等结构后的 that 从句中，以及在假设条件句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反或对将来事实的主观设想。 例句：We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候经常在一起玩。/ He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her. 他说他一见到她就把消息告诉她。/ I wish I knew more about it. 但愿我对此了解得更多些。 （三）一般将来时 表达方式 构成 核心含义 典型语境 例句 will / shall + v. will / shall + 动词原形 ① 单纯表示将来； ② 说话时临时作出的决定； ③ 预测、许诺 tomorrow, I think, promise I will help you with it. 我会帮你处理这件事。（当场决定） be going to + v. am/is/are going to + 动词原形 ① 已有计划或打算； ② 根据迹象判断将要发生 next year, plans, signs She is going to work next year. 她明年要工作了。 be to + v. am/is/are to + 动词原形 ① 预先安排好的计划或约定；② 说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令； ③ 注定要发生 scheduled, ordered, destined They are to attempt to be the first to circle the Earth. 他们将尝试成为第一批环游地球的人。 be about to + v. am/is/are about to + 动词原形 正要或即将要做某事；不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用 at the moment, now Will you kindly obey the instructions I am about to give? 你愿意服从我即将给出的指示吗？ （四）过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即“立足过去，着眼未来”，常用于宾语从句中。 ● 基本形式：should / would + 动词原形。宾语从句中第一人称作主语且带“建议、要求”意味时也用 should；其余一般用 would。 ● 其他表达：was / were going to do、was / were about to do、was / were to do；表示过去的习惯性动作时常用 would do / used to do。 例句：They said they would give the police their full cooperation. 他们说他们会全力配合警方。/ I had a feeling you were going to have difficulty doing this. 我有预感你做这件事会有困难。/ He was about to offer an explanation to the police. 他正要向警方作解释。 （五）现在进行时 ● 用法① 说话时正在进行，或表示现阶段正在进行的动作（此时此刻不一定真在进行）。 ● 用法② 表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常与 go、come、leave、start、arrive、return、work、stay、have、wear 等动词连用。 ● 用法③ 表示说话人对主语行为表示赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩（常与 always、constantly、continually 连用）。 例句：He is listening to a tape, but he can't hear it clearly. 他在听磁带，但听不清楚。/ He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match. 他明天就要出发参加他的第一场比赛了。/ We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare's poetry. 我们总是在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美。 （六）过去进行时 ● 用法① 过去某具体时间正在进行的动作，或过去某时间段内一直持续的事情，常与 at that time、at that moment、at this time yesterday、at ten o'clock yesterday 等短语连用。 ● 用法② 过去进行时可以表示过去的将来的含义（与现在进行时表将来完全对应）。 ● 用法③ 与频度副词连用可表示说话者的褒义或贬义感情色彩。 例句：We were playing football at this time yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这个时候我们在踢足球。/ Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已辞去高薪工作，在附近做志愿者。/ She was always arguing with him and fighting with him. 她总是和他争论、吵架。 （七）将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始并继续下去的动作。常见标志性的时间状语有 this time tomorrow、from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.、the day after tomorrow 等。 例句：I will be discussing the situation with my colleagues this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将和我的同事讨论这个情况。 （八）现在完成时 ● 用法① 动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在（甚至到将来），常与 lately、recently、in the last (past) few days/years、since then、up to now、so far 等连用。 ● 用法② 过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，常用 already、ever、just（刚刚）、yet 等。 ● 用法③ 在“最高级 + 名词”或“It/This is + the + 序数词 + time”之后的从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。 例句：I won't pay you until you have finished this job. 在你完成这项工作之前，我不会付钱给你。/ This is the first time I have left my country and set foot on foreign soil. 这是我第一次离开祖国，踏上外国的土地。 短语 含义 例句 have gone to + 地点 “去某地了”，人现在还在那里，没有回来 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了（人不在这里）。 have been to + 地点 “去过某地”，人已经回来了 He has been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次（人已回来）。 have been in + 地点 “在某地（待过）”，人现在还在那里 He has been in Beijing for a week. 他在北京待了一周。 have done（不带地点） “（事情）已完成”，与地点连用须用 have been done The work has been done. 工作已经做完了。 （九）过去完成时 ● 用法① 在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。 ● 用法② 从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间，常用 by then、by that time、by the end of…、by the time + 句子。 ● 用法③ 表示“愿望、打算”的动词（hope、want、expect、think、mean、suppose、plan、intend）用于过去完成时，表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 ● 用法④ 在“hardly (scarcely) … when …”“no sooner … than …”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。 例句：He said that he had been abroad for three years. 他说他在国外待了三年。/ I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）/ Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 （十）现在完成进行时 ● 用法① 动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在并且还要继续下去。 ● 用法② 表示一个近期内一直重复发生、反复进行的动作。 ● 用法③ 常和 all this time、this week、this month、all night、all the morning、recently 等状语以及 since、for 引导的状语从句连用。 例句：I have been reading Hemingway's Farewell to Arms recently. 我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。/ You've been saying that for five years. 这话你已经说了五年了。/ He has been writing articles to the newspapers since he became a teacher. 自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊撰稿。 （十一）时态呼应：主从句的时间关系 复合句中从句的时态不能孤立决定，必须服从主句与逻辑关系。这是语法填空中最易失分、也最能拉开差距的一环。 主句时态／结构 从句时态 说明 例句 一般现在时 一般现在时（客观真理） 客观事实不因时态改变 He says that the earth goes round the sun. 一般过去时 一般过去时 / 过去进行 / 过去完成 / 过去将来 从句时态随之后移（客观真理除外） He said that he had left. 现在完成时 保持不变 主句时态不带动从句 I have known him since we were children. 一般将来时 一般现在时（时间／条件状语从句） “主将从现” It will rain if it is cloudy tomorrow. 一般过去时 一般过去时（时间／条件状语从句） 从句不因主句过去而变将来 He said he would come if it was fine. 宾语从句（表过去） 过去将来时 would do “立足过去，着眼未来” She said she would be back soon. 考点二 动词语态 一、被动语态的构成与使用时机 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。基本结构：be + 过去分词。语态与时态是两个独立维度：语态决定“be + p.p.”，时态决定“be 用什么形式”。 ● 使用时机①：不知道或不必说出动作的执行者（施动者不明或不重要）。 ● 使用时机②：需要特别强调动作的承受者（科技、新闻、说明性语段中尤为常见）。 ● 使用时机③：客观陈述事实，无意突出主观态度（科技报道与新闻语段的典型语域特征）。 例句：The blouse is made of silk. 这件衬衫是丝绸做的。（不必说是谁做的） 二、主动变被动的四条特殊规则 （一）双宾语动词：只能保留一个宾语 句式 例句 规律 间接宾语作主语 The reporters asked the president some questions. → The president was asked some questions by the reporters. 保留直接宾语（some questions） 直接宾语作主语 The reporters asked the president some questions. → Some questions were asked (to) the president by the reporters. 保留间接宾语，其前须补 to（教材亦有省略 to 的写法） （二）复合宾语：作补语的不定式前须加 to（位置不变） I heard him say good-bye to his friends. → He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. ★ 易错提醒｜被动语态中的“to”还原 感官动词与使役动词（see、hear、watch、make、let、have 等）后接宾语补足语时，主动语态中省略 to；变为被动语态后，宾语变主语，原宾补变主补，to 必须还原（let 除外）。 正确：He was made to clean the room by his mother.（他被妈妈要求打扫房间） 错误：~~He was made clean the room.~~ —— 漏掉 to，是最常见的机械性失分。 记忆口诀：“主动省 to，被动补 to”。 （三）动词短语变被动：勿掉“尾巴” This dictionary must be taken good care of.　｜　This book may not be taken out of the reading room. ● take care of → be taken good care of（介词保留在末尾） ● pay attention to → be paid attention to ● put off / give up / carry out → be put off / be given up / be carried out（副词不可丢） （四）情态动词与固定结构：只换后面的动词 This book may not be taken out of the reading room.　｜　Trees should not be planted in summer. 情态动词、be going to、be to、be sure to、have to、used to、had better 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词原形换成 be + 过去分词，其余部分保持不变。 （五）get + 过去分词：表示被动含义的短语 They get paid twice as much as I do, but the job is exactly the same as mine. 他们拿到的薪水是我的两倍，但工作和我的一模一样。/ No matter how well you know Paris, it is easy to get lost. 不管你对巴黎有多熟悉，都很容易迷路。 三、主动形式表示被动含义的五种情形 情形 结构特点 例句 译文 感官／系表动词 + 形容词 feel, sound, taste, look, smell, turn + adj. The music isn't pleasant to listen to. 这音乐听起来不舒服。 不及物动词 + well/easily 等状语 sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn + well This kind of radio doesn't sell well. 这种收音机销路不好。 need / require / worth + doing 后接动名词，形式上主动、意义上被动 The problem needs solving. 这个问题需要解决。 too…to 结构 不定式表被动 The article is too difficult to understand. 这篇文章太难懂了。 形容词的被动意义 adj. + to do The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 四、不能用于被动语态的常见动词 类别 常见词语 原因 不及物动词 happen, occur, take place, break out, last, remain, appear, disappear, arrive, die, rise, fall 无宾语，不存在“被”的对象 带介词的固定短语 belong to, consist of, take part in, run out, lose heart, date from, come true 整体固定，拆开不成立 同源宾语动词 have, own, cost, lack, suit, resemble, possess 主语与动作是“同一物”的关系，无施受之分 ★ 易错提醒｜“见被动就套 be + p.p.”是第二大失分源 主谓是施动关系时必须用主动。例如：He asked me a question.（他问我问题，主语是动作发出者，用主动）若误改为 “He was asked me a question” 即为典型错误（被动句不能直接跟双宾语）。 科技说明与新闻语段是主动变被动的重灾区：语法填空中，“are cherished（被珍爱）”“was seen（被看见）”“will be employed（将被雇用）”“have been translated（已被翻译）”均为被动形式，且主语多为物（文物、任务、遗址），主语是承受者。 判断口诀：先问一句“主语是干这件事的人吗？”——不是，才考虑被动。 考点一：动词时态 例1.(2024-2025学年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) The market also introduced a variety of exceptional shops. From charming flower shops offering an escape from the busy city life to the “Coexistence Plan Shop”, which featured illustrations (插图) that celebrated the connection (connect) between art and nature, there 34 (be) something for everyone. Tasty food included ice cream from Italy. 例2.(2025-2026学年安徽省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) From then on, her mother recognized Hongxia’s talent and 38 (teach) her the techniques of papercutting. 例3.(2025-2026学年云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) A small bike is lying quietly (quiet) in our garden. It 37 (be) very old and I can not ride it any longer, but I still keep it there, as it often brings back to me a wonderful memory. 1．If it (rain) tomorrow, the sports meet will be postponed. 2．So far, the volunteer group (organize) more than twenty public lectures to spread environmental knowledge in rural communities. 3．To master a foreign language typically (take) years of practice. 4． Of vital importance (be) regular exercise for teenagers’ physical and mental health. 考点二：动词语态 例1.(2024-2025学年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Many of its major roads, including (include) Chang’ an Avenue in Beijing and Binjiang Avenue in Shanghai, 42 (crowd) with groups of bikers now. 例2.(2025-2026学年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) “Paxo phones 40 (make) of a small number of parts,” Rochet said. “Fewer parts mean less (little) waste and carbon footprint.” 例3.(2025-2026学年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Throughout the event, street performances 29 (give), bringing the spirit of the Renaissance to life and providing (provide) an enriching experience of history and creativity. 1．We (impress) by the speech that the senior student gave at the opening ceremony. 2．Those old views on mental health (challenge) in recent years with greater public awareness. 3．More efforts (make) to encourage teenagers to take exercise. 4．The sports field (plant) with trees this time last year. 5． Explorers who work on scientific research (stand) at the North Pole this time tomorrow. 一、单项选择 1．— You speak French so fluently! — Really? I ________ you could understand French. A．don’t know B．haven’t known C．didn’t know D．hadn’t known 2．By the end of this term, we ________ all the grammar rules of senior one. A．learn B．will learn C．will have learned D．have learned 3．It was not until the contract was checked carefully that ________ the payment. A．did he make B．would he make C．he has made D．he made 4．I________ the paper since daybreak, but I haven’t finished it yet. A．have written B．have been written C．write D．have been writing 5．They _________ football on the playground _________ it began to rain. A．played; when B．were playing; while C．were playing; when D．had played; while 6．I am so tired. My roommate ________ loud music at midnight, so I can’t fall asleep. A．always B．is always playing C．has always played D．had always played 7．If such natural resources ________, it will take decades to recover. A．destroy B．are destroyed C．have destroyed D．were destroyed 8．Luckily, the injured tourist ________ by local volunteers before the ambulance came. A．saved B．had been saved C．has saved D．had saved 9．________ the classroom ________ when you walked past? A．Had; cleaned B．Was; being cleaned C．Is; cleaned D．Did; clean 10．The school concert we had been looking forward to ________ as planned after weeks of preparation. A．holding B．held C．was held D．being held 11．The group leader, as well as dozens of team members, ________ by the judges after the competition concluded last Saturday. A．is praised B．are praised C．was praised D．were praised 12．Don’t touch the machine! It ________ right now for the physics competition. A．repairs B．is repairing C．is being repaired D．has been repaired 二、单句语法填空 1．Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is (bring) to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. 2．This is the first time that he (accuse) of lying.   3．All the tickets (sell out) before we got to the cinema. 4．The road (widen) at 5 p.m. yesterday, so traffic was heavy. 5．Existing commercial systems, which are (employ) to examine brain activity, cost as much as tens of thousands of dollars but provide only single-point measurements. 6．A great number of new houses (build) for the local villagers since the new policy was carried out three years ago. 7．Many students (work) on their group reports from 3 pm to 5 pm this coming Friday, so please avoid disturbing them. 8．Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Johnson (leave), so we only had time for a few words. 一、阅读理解 A Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and some human activities. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions. Create wildlife-friendly areas in your backyard When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution. Besides, bird or bat houses in your yard or garden can attract and shelter more species. Avoid harming the natural ecosystem in your backyard Some plants from other places can kill or harm the native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife. Have a greener lifestyle By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you’re not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter. Buy products that are friendly to wildlife Don’t buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, or hunters who are eager to earn money with them. Donate money to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats You can give money to organizations or groups that protect wildlife in your neighborhood, thus promoting their work. 1．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To show the threats wildlife faces. B．To raise awareness of wildlife protection. C．To explain the importance of wildlife conservation. D．To introduce different ways to protect wildlife. 2．What is suggested in the passage to create wildlife-friendly areas? A．Building a bird or bat house. B．Using less water and fewer fuels. C．Donating money to organizations. D．Buying products made from endangered animals. 3．Which of the following actions is NOT recommended for a greener lifestyle? A．Providing food and shelter for wildlife. B．Taking showers for a shorter time. C．Keeping the room temperature low in winter. D．Turning off electric devices when not in use. B Not long ago, I noticed a quiet revolution taking place on the streets of Shanghai. It wasn’t in the grand malls or busy offices, but in small handicraft stores. Young and old alike bent over tables, carefully placing tiny colorful beads (珠子) on plastic boards. This simple activity, known as fuse-bead art, has quietly become a national trend. It all starts with focus. Take 11-year-old William, a visitor from the UK. After a piano competition, he walked past a DIY store and was instantly attracted. For two days, he worked patiently there to create a beautiful peach tree, a symbol of Chinese culture that inspires his passion, and took it home. For him, it was a labor of love. For adults, it is a lifeline. Many busy professionals, worn out by endless work messages and screen time, find peace in these beads. As one customer described, putting away the phone and focusing solely on arranging the beads brings a rare sense of joy and peace. It is a chance to simply be in the moment. Fuse-bead art dates back to the 1970s, when it was not originally intended for personal enjoyment, but for rehabilitation (康复) training in nursing homes. In the 1980s, Perler, in the United States, improved it into a children’s puzzle toy, which later spread worldwide. At the end of 2024, a young Chinese actor showcased a homemade fuse-bead tie during a live promotional broadcast, thus fueling the “fuse-bead craze” in China. Experts explain that fuse-bead art perfectly meets young people’s needs. It is easy to do, requiring no special skills. The slow, focused work helps us escape our phones and relieve stress. However, like all trends, it faces challenges. To last, the “handmade economy” must keep innovating and creating new content. But one thing is clear: As long as people seek comfort, creativity, and a break from chaos, handmade crafts like fuse beads will remain more than just a passing craze. 4．Why does the author describe the scene in Shanghai? A．To introduce a new mall. B．To present a new trend. C．To show the busy streets. D．To explain the beads’ appeal. 5．What does William’s choice of the peach tree pattern indicate? A．An intention to help the DIY store. B．A need to reduce academic pressure. C．A preference for piano competitions. D．A strong interest in Chinese culture. 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The evolution of fuse-bead art. B．The popularity of a Chinese actor. C．The function of a new puzzle toy. D．The way of nursing home training. 7．What challenge does fuse-bead art face? A．Expanding the market. B．Staying creative. C．Getting recognized. D．Gaining profits. C Many students tend to stay inside their learning comfort zone. They prefer to practice what they are already good at and avoid challenging content. Working within the comfort zone brings short‑term satisfaction, because students can get correct answers easily and feel a sense of achievement. However, staying long in comfort zones will slow personal growth. Real improvement happens in the learning zone, where you meet unfamiliar, challenging tasks. When dealing with something slightly beyond your present level, you may feel confused or stressed. But through thinking, trying and correcting mistakes, you can gain new abilities. That is where growth takes place. Of course, moving out of the comfort zone does not mean jumping into tasks far beyond your ability, which will only cause anxiety and loss of confidence. The proper way is to accept proper challenges step by step. You can take small risks: try more difficult exercises, speak in public or learn new thinking skills. Small challenges build up your competence gradually. Growth never comes easily. It requires courage to face discomfort. Students should dare to step out of their comfort zone, accept reasonable challenges, and keep moving forward in the learning zone. 8．What do students in the comfort zone like to do? A．Deal with completely new challenging tasks. B．Practice the knowledge they are good at. C．Keep trying tasks far above their level. D．Seek constant advice from teachers. 9．What is the short‑term advantage of staying in comfort zone? A．It speeds up long‑term personal growth. B．It helps students get high‑level competence quickly. C．Students can easily get a feeling of satisfaction. D．Students can learn lots of brand‑new skills. 10．What will happen if students face tasks much beyond their ability? A．They will make rapid progress. B．They will feel anxious and lose confidence. C．They will enter the learning zone naturally. D．They will form good learning habits. 11．What is the main idea of the text? A．Students should get away from comfort zone properly for growth. B．Why most teenagers prefer to live in comfort zones. C．Different kinds of zones in teenagers’ daily life. D．How to reduce anxiety during examinations. D Summer comes, and mosquitoes constantly buzz and bite, leaving red marks and ruining our sleep. To fight them, DEET (避蚊胺) is widely regarded as the gold standard for preventing mosquito bites. Most researchers agree that a key part of its effectiveness is unpleasantness — the bugs just hate to be around it. However, some mosquitoes seem capable of overcoming their revulsion, leading to the idea that the insects might be getting used to the chemical. Claudio Lazzari at the University of Tours set out to investigate, by running a version of the experiments made famous by Ivan Pavlov in the late 1800s where dogs were conditioned to associate sounds with food. In those experiments, Pavlov routinely rang a signal bell and then immediately fed the dogs. Eventually, when he made the sounds but didn’t provide food, he found the animals still salivated (流口水), as they would before a meal. In his experiments, Dr Lazzari presented hungry mosquitoes with warm sheep’s blood as they were exposed to ordinary air or to air blown past paper soaked (浸透) in DEET. With colleagues, he then repeated the experiments with sugar water, instead of blood, on a different set of mosquitoes. The researchers then bravely presented their own hands to the insects. One hand was covered in DEET, the other left untreated. To their frustration, 60% of the mosquitoes that had been exposed to DEET while feeding bit the hand coated in DEET. In contrast, all mosquitoes trained with ordinary air avoided it entirely. Dr Lazzari’s conditioning in the laboratory was important for the mosquitoes in developing their fondness for DEET. But the chances are good that a similar scene is taking place in the real world, where the effects of DEET typically weaken over time, especially when people are sweating or not applying enough of the stuff in the first place. In such circumstances, hungry mosquitoes are most likely to be able to put up with the slight smell of DEET, bite a lightly protected person, begin connecting the smell with food and become more dangerous to those they encounter later in their lives. 12．What does the underlined word “revulsion” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Dislike. B．Fondness. C．Desire. D．Indifference. 13．Why is Pavlov’s experiment mentioned? A．To show that dogs can be trained to expect food. B．To introduce the method behind Dr Lazzari’s research. C．To explain why some mosquitoes stop avoiding DEET. D．To compare the behaviour of dogs with that of mosquitoes. 14．What did Dr Lazzari’s experiments reveal? A．All the mosquitoes bit the DEET-coated hand. B．Ordinary air made mosquitoes keener on DEET. C．Most trained mosquitoes no longer avoided DEET. D．Sugar water was more effective than blood in the training. 15．Why does DEET sometimes fail to keep mosquitoes away? A．Mosquitoes associate it with food. B．Its smell grows stronger over time. C．Human blood weakens the chemical. D．Sweat washes DEET off the skin quickly. 二、完形填空 In North Dakota, neighbors are more like family. Back in September, Randy Fyllesvold, a farmer who lived with his wife Kharra and two little sons, had an 16 . On a cold rainy morning, he drove his old truck to 17 his corn in the fields as usual. The road was 18 , and his truck suddenly lost control and crashed. The doctors examined Randy carefully after he was 19 to hospital, and found he suffered from serious injuries. “The 20 might have to take several weeks,” they said. That 21 Randy’s family greatly. What worried them most was the coming harvest season. The corn in their fields was 22 to be picked, but without Randy’s support, Kharra couldn’t 23 the work alone. As the days passed, she grew more 24 , unsure how to deal with the harvest. Luckily, when friends and neighbors heard about their trouble, they quickly 25 . Led by Wyatt Thompson and Andy Gates, they organized a big volunteer team. Soon, more than fifty volunteers 26 , coming from over ten nearby communities. They worked 27 and finished all the harvest in just a few days. Kharra 28 a warm and moving message online, expressing her thankfulness to everyone who came to help. She said the sight of so many helpers working for her family was really 29 . It’s such small acts of 30 that show how neighbors care for each other like family. 16．A．idea B．award C．accident D．experiment 17．A．plant B．check C．cover D．sell 18．A．wet B．wide C．busy D．clear 19．A．called B．recommended C．invited D．raced 20．A．search B．competition C．recovery D．game 21．A．concerned B．matched C．reminded D．attracted 22．A．easy B．unnecessary C．impossible D．ready 23．A．manage B．enjoy C．improve D．describe 24．A．surprised B．forgetful C．helpless D．careless 25．A．gave up B．stepped in C．passed by D．calmed down 26．A．succeeded B．survived C．returned D．arrived 27．A．secretly B．aimlessly C．bravely D．tirelessly 28．A．ignored B．discovered C．shared D．replaced 29．A．touching B．challenging C．strange D．familiar 30．A．courage B．kindness C．self-care D．creativity 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Before Benjamin Rene and Loic Michel left their hometown of Annecy in southeastern France 31 the morning of September 13, 2024, China was, to them, a distant yet fascinating place, a name more often encountered in headlines than in everyday conversation. “In France, China 32 (feel) extremely far away,” says Rene, 27. “It almost represents the end of the world — as far as you can go by walking.” The idea 33 would eventually turn this abstract distance into lived experience was born two years earlier. The two friends found themselves talking about repetitive work routines and the sense of 34 (tire) in daily life. Surprising even themselves, they made a bold decision: to walk all the way to China, choosing a low-carbon and 35 (environmental) friendly way to travel. They spent more than half a year preparing. Maps 36 (study), visas researched, physical training intensified. Eventually, they quit their jobs in Paris, packed only the 37 (essential) into lightweight backpacks, and accepted that the road ahead would last well over a year. Their 38 (plan) route would stretch roughly 13,000 kilometers, pass through 16 countries, and end in Shanghai. China, which they entered on Sept 13 after a yearlong journey across Central Asia, marked 39 milestone, not just in geographical terms, but emotionally. By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, the capital city of Northwest China’s Gansu province, they had been on the road 40 (explore) China for about 450 days. 四、书信写作 41．假定你是李华，是校英语报“健康生活”版块的负责人。最近你们版块即将面向学生推出一个主题为How to Achieve a Healthy Lifestyle in a Digital Age?的论坛，请你以此为题写一篇文章，刊登在校英语报上，内容包括： 1. 指出现代人不健康的生活习惯； 2. 提出科技赋能健康的例子； 3. 呼吁个人与社会努力。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词的时态和语态 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 动词的时态 考点二 被动语态 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 动词的时态 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时 必修 熟练掌握，能在语篇中正确选用并表达准确的时间与状态 熟练掌握 单项选择 语法填空 动词的时态 过去将来时 必修 能在语篇中理解和使用，常用于宾语从句表示“从过去看将要发生” 理解和使用 单项选择 语法填空 动词的时态 将来进行时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时 选择性必修 能在语篇中正确地理解和使用；能区分“过去的过去”与“影响现在”等表层意义 正确理解和使用 单项选择 语法填空 动词语态 被动语态：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成等 必修 能判断主语与谓语动词的施动／受动关系，掌握一般被动与常用特殊被动结构 熟练掌握 语法填空 单项选择 动词语态 过去进行时、过去完成时的被动语态 选择性必修 能在语篇中恰当地理解和使用；能与同句中主动形式交替出现的语段正确辨析 正确理解和使用 语法填空 层级解读 ● 必修（一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、过去将来）：必须过关，是语法填空的主战场。 ● 选择性必修（将来进行、过去完成、现在完成进行；过去进行与过去完成的被动）：必须会用，但命题更常与语篇逻辑结合考查。 ● 选修（提高类）（倒装、强调、同位语从句、虚拟语气）：本讲义不展开。仅在必要时作“边界提示”。 ● “将来完成时”“过去完成进行时”“过去将来完成时”属教材拓展内容，学考不作硬性考查要求，本讲义仅在总矩阵中标注为“拓展”，不展开精讲。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份在组织形式上虽有差异，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致。因此，下面的差异分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 语篇材料 选材广泛，兼顾社会生活、传统文化、科技前沿等主题 沿用全国卷材料（或按本省要求命题） 时态语态必须能服务于语篇逻辑，而非孤立单句 语法填空 10 个空，15 分；约 7∶3 为“有提示词／无提示词” 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 有提示词的空考“形式变换”，无提示词的空考“语境推断” 设空位置 常嵌于长句与从句中，一个空可能同时涉及时态、语态、主谓一致 同一 不能只背规则，必须练“划分句子结构” 干扰项设计 多为“时态混淆”“主动／被动误判”“主谓一致忽略”三类 同一 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 书写要求 填写所给词的正确形式，注意拼写与词形 同一 过去分词、现在分词拼写错误属于非智力性失分，必须专项过关 1.3 2027 命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近五年全国卷语法填空的命题走向 ● 语篇化：语法填空已从“语法知识填空”转为“语篇逻辑填空”。设空必须服务于整段意义建构，靠孤立的时间状语猜时态的路子越来越走不通。 ● 考点密集化：近年全国卷语法填空中，动词相关考点（非谓语动词、时态、语态、主谓一致）合计占比约四成，其中谓语动词的时态／语态年均约 1—2 空。 ● 主被动交替：同一语段内主动与被动形式交替出现，语境提供判断依据，“见到不及物动词就排除被动”成为常见设坑方式。 ● 高频时态：一般过去时出现频次最高，其次为现在完成时、现在完成进行时与一般将来时；被动语态重点落在一般现在被动、一般过去被动、将来被动与现在完成被动。 ● 长句综合：考点不再孤立考查，而是嵌在定语从句、状语从句或非谓语结构之中，先断句、再定时态是提速关键。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 建体系 以“时×体”总矩阵为骨架，逐格落实“构成＋用法＋标志词＋例句”，做到看到时间线索就能定位到具体时态格位 知识零散、时态之间辨析不清 练语境 放弃成套的单句选择，改做整段填空；每做一题，先问“这句话在语篇中的时间坐标是什么” 见标志词就套规则，语境判断能力缺失 查一致 写作与填空训练后通读检查时态统一性：全篇时态是否随叙述时间线同步推进，主动与被动是否符合语篇视角 时态跳跃、主动被动混用导致的表达不准 . 2.1 时态体系总矩阵 2.2 12 个核心时态速查表 时态 构成 核心用法 典型标志词／语境 例句 一般现在时 work / works ① 经常性、习惯性动作；② 客观真理、自然现象；③ 按时刻表安排的将来动作 always, usually, every day, on Mondays；主将从现 The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 一般过去时 worked 过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态；与现在无直接关联 yesterday, last week, … ago, in 2020 I saw the film last night. 我昨晚看了那部电影。 一般将来时 will work; am/is/are going to work; am/is/are to work ① 将来要发生；② 说话时临时决定；③ 已有计划；④ 约定或注定 tomorrow, next week, in two days The meeting will be held tomorrow. 会议明天举行。 过去将来时 would work; was/were going to work 立足过去、着眼未来；多用于宾语从句 said…, the next day, before… He said he would come. 他说他会来。 现在进行时 am/is/are working ① 说话此刻正在进行；② 现阶段正在进行； ③ 按计划将要发生 now, at the moment, Look!, Listen! He is leaving tomorrow. 他明天就出发。 过去进行时 was/were working ① 过去某刻正在进行；② 过去某时段持续； ③ 表示过去的将来 at this time yesterday, all morning, when… He said he was leaving the next day. 他说他第二天要走。 将来进行时 will be working 将来某一时刻正在进行的动作；或从将来某刻起持续下去 this time tomorrow, at 8 tomorrow I will be flying to Beijing this time tomorrow. 明天此时我正在飞往北京。 现在完成时 have/has worked ① 动作持续到现在；② 过去动作对现在的影响或结果 since, for, so far, already, yet, just, recently I have lived here for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年。 过去完成时 had worked “过去的过去”：在过去某一时间点之前已完成 by the time, before, by 2020, after… When I arrived, the train had left. 我到时火车已经开走了。 现在完成进行时 have/has been working ① 动作从过去持续到现在并将延续；② 近期间反复进行 all day, this week, recently, since, for I have been reading this book recently. 我最近一直在读这本书。 拓展·将来完成时 will have worked 将来某时之前已完成（教材拓展，非学考硬性要求） by the end of next year, by then By June he will have graduated. 到六月他就毕业了。 拓展·过去完成进行时 had been working 持续到过去某一时刻（教材拓展，非学考硬性要求） for hours before… He had been working all morning before the news came. 消息传来前他已工作了一上午。 ★ 易错提醒｜“现在完成时”与“一般过去时”的分水岭 两者都表示动作发生在过去，唯一的分水岭是：这个动作与“现在”有没有关系。 与现在有关（有结果、有延续）→ 现在完成时：I have lost my key.（钥匙现在还找不着） 与现在无关（只陈述过去某时的事实）→ 一般过去时：I lost my key yesterday.（昨天丢的，仅陈述事实） 硬性判据：出现 yesterday、last week、… ago、in 2020 等具体过去时间，谓语必用一般过去时；出现 since、for + 时间段、so far、up to now 等延续到现在的时段，谓语必用现在完成时。 补充：现在完成时不能与具体过去时间连用，这是命题人最常设置的干扰项。 2.3 被动语态总表与变形规则 被动语态的基本结构是 be + 过去分词。记忆要领：be 动词随“时”走，过去分词永远不变。 时态 被动构成 例句 例句译文 一般现在时被动 am/is/are done The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫。 一般过去时被动 was/were done The bridge was built in 1998. 这座桥建于 1998 年。 一般将来时被动 will/shall be done The meeting will be held tomorrow. 会议将于明天举行。 过去将来时被动 would/should be done He said the work would be finished in a week. 他说这项工作一周后会完成。 现在进行时被动 am/is/are being done The problem is being discussed now. 这个问题正在讨论之中。 过去进行时被动 was/were being done He was being treated when we arrived. 我们到达时他正在接受治疗。 现在完成时被动 have/has been done The work has been finished. 工作已经完成了。 过去完成时被动 had been done The letter had been written before he left. 他走之前信已经写好了。 含情态动词被动 can/must/may + be done The work must be finished today. 这项工作今天必须完成。 主动变被动四步法 2.4 时态标志词速查表 标志词是线索，不是答案。 用法：先由标志词初步定位时态，再回到语篇验证是否自洽。 语义类别 常见标志词 提示时态 频率与习惯 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week, once a week, now and then, from time to time 一般现在时 正在发生 now, at the moment, at present, Look!, Listen! 现在进行时 过去时间点 yesterday, last night/week/year, … ago, the other day, in 2020, just now 一般过去时 过去某刻 at this time yesterday, at ten o'clock last night, all morning 过去进行时 将来时间 tomorrow, next week/month/year, in two days, soon, by 2030 一般将来时 将来某刻 this time tomorrow, at 8 tomorrow morning, the day after tomorrow 将来进行时 延续到现在 since + 时间点, for + 时间段, so far, up to now, in recent years, lately, recently 现在完成时／现在完成进行时 已经完成 already, just, yet, ever, never, have/has… 现在完成时 过去的过去 by the time, by then, by 2020, before/after + 过去时, already 过去完成时 主将从现 if, unless, as soon as, before, after, until, as long as, when + 一般现在时 主句将来时，从句一般现在时 宾语从句呼应 主句为过去时时，从句随之后移 一般过去时／过去进行／过去完成／过去将来 2.5 语态判别三问与挖空自测 语态判别三问（按顺序问，答“否”即换方向） 顺序 追问 答“是”的结论 答“否”的结论 第 1 问 主语与谓语动词之间是施动（动作发出者）还是受动（动作承受者）关系？ 受动 → 考虑被动语态 施动 → 必须用主动语态 第 2 问 该动词是及物动词，或有对应的被动式吗？ 可用被动 不及物或无被动式 → 保持主动或改用系表结构 第 3 问 语境是否需要突出“承受者”，或不便／不必说出“发出者”？ 用被动（科技、新闻、说明性语段常见） 用主动（更直接、有力） 核心考点 · 精讲突破 考点一 动词的时态 一、时态的构成要素 英语时态体系由两个维度构成：“时”（tense）标示动作发生的时间，“体”（aspect）标示动作的完成方式与状态。二者组合成具体时态。做时态题的本质，是先确定“时”，再确定“体”。 维度 取值 回答的问题 在解题中的作用 时（时间） 现在 / 过去 / 将来 / 过去将来 这个动作什么时候发生？ 确定矩阵的“列”，是时态选择的主干 体（完成方式） 一般 / 进行 / 完成 / 完成进行 这个动作处于什么状态、持续多久、是否完成？ 确定矩阵的“行”，决定助动词与动词形式 动词形式 原形 / 三单 / 过去式 / 现在分词 / 过去分词 该动词该变成什么形式？ 落实到具体拼写，是语法填空的直接答案 二、时态用法逐项精讲 （一）一般现在时 ● 用法① 经常性、习惯性动作：常与 always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、every day/week、once a week 等连用。 ● 用法② 客观事实、真理、自然现象、格言警句：主语常为 the earth、the sun、it、this 等。 ● 用法③ 按时间表、计划安排好的将来动作：只限于 go、come、leave、start、stop、arrive、begin 等表示移动或动作趋向的动词。 ● 用法④ 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替一般将来时（“主将从现”）。 ● 用法⑤ 以 here、there 开头的倒装句（Here comes the bus.）表示现在正在发生。 例句：He plays basketball every day. 他每天都打篮球。/ The film starts at two o'clock. 电影两点钟开始。/ If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll probably find a solution that suits everyone. 如果你从各方面考虑问题，你可能会找到一个适合所有人的解决方案。 （二）一般过去时 ● 用法① 过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday、last year、the other day、… ago 连用。 ● 用法② 时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。 ● 用法③ 在 want、wonder、think、hope 等少数动词后用一般过去时表示婉转口气（相当于现在时的委婉表达）。 ● 用法④ It's time…、I wish…、I'd rather… 等结构后的 that 从句中，以及在假设条件句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反或对将来事实的主观设想。 例句：We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候经常在一起玩。/ He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her. 他说他一见到她就把消息告诉她。/ I wish I knew more about it. 但愿我对此了解得更多些。 （三）一般将来时 表达方式 构成 核心含义 典型语境 例句 will / shall + v. will / shall + 动词原形 ① 单纯表示将来； ② 说话时临时作出的决定； ③ 预测、许诺 tomorrow, I think, promise I will help you with it. 我会帮你处理这件事。（当场决定） be going to + v. am/is/are going to + 动词原形 ① 已有计划或打算； ② 根据迹象判断将要发生 next year, plans, signs She is going to work next year. 她明年要工作了。 be to + v. am/is/are to + 动词原形 ① 预先安排好的计划或约定；② 说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令； ③ 注定要发生 scheduled, ordered, destined They are to attempt to be the first to circle the Earth. 他们将尝试成为第一批环游地球的人。 be about to + v. am/is/are about to + 动词原形 正要或即将要做某事；不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用 at the moment, now Will you kindly obey the instructions I am about to give? 你愿意服从我即将给出的指示吗？ （四）过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即“立足过去，着眼未来”，常用于宾语从句中。 ● 基本形式：should / would + 动词原形。宾语从句中第一人称作主语且带“建议、要求”意味时也用 should；其余一般用 would。 ● 其他表达：was / were going to do、was / were about to do、was / were to do；表示过去的习惯性动作时常用 would do / used to do。 例句：They said they would give the police their full cooperation. 他们说他们会全力配合警方。/ I had a feeling you were going to have difficulty doing this. 我有预感你做这件事会有困难。/ He was about to offer an explanation to the police. 他正要向警方作解释。 （五）现在进行时 ● 用法① 说话时正在进行，或表示现阶段正在进行的动作（此时此刻不一定真在进行）。 ● 用法② 表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常与 go、come、leave、start、arrive、return、work、stay、have、wear 等动词连用。 ● 用法③ 表示说话人对主语行为表示赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩（常与 always、constantly、continually 连用）。 例句：He is listening to a tape, but he can't hear it clearly. 他在听磁带，但听不清楚。/ He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match. 他明天就要出发参加他的第一场比赛了。/ We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare's poetry. 我们总是在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美。 （六）过去进行时 ● 用法① 过去某具体时间正在进行的动作，或过去某时间段内一直持续的事情，常与 at that time、at that moment、at this time yesterday、at ten o'clock yesterday 等短语连用。 ● 用法② 过去进行时可以表示过去的将来的含义（与现在进行时表将来完全对应）。 ● 用法③ 与频度副词连用可表示说话者的褒义或贬义感情色彩。 例句：We were playing football at this time yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这个时候我们在踢足球。/ Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已辞去高薪工作，在附近做志愿者。/ She was always arguing with him and fighting with him. 她总是和他争论、吵架。 （七）将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始并继续下去的动作。常见标志性的时间状语有 this time tomorrow、from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.、the day after tomorrow 等。 例句：I will be discussing the situation with my colleagues this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将和我的同事讨论这个情况。 （八）现在完成时 ● 用法① 动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在（甚至到将来），常与 lately、recently、in the last (past) few days/years、since then、up to now、so far 等连用。 ● 用法② 过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，常用 already、ever、just（刚刚）、yet 等。 ● 用法③ 在“最高级 + 名词”或“It/This is + the + 序数词 + time”之后的从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。 例句：I won't pay you until you have finished this job. 在你完成这项工作之前，我不会付钱给你。/ This is the first time I have left my country and set foot on foreign soil. 这是我第一次离开祖国，踏上外国的土地。 短语 含义 例句 have gone to + 地点 “去某地了”，人现在还在那里，没有回来 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了（人不在这里）。 have been to + 地点 “去过某地”，人已经回来了 He has been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次（人已回来）。 have been in + 地点 “在某地（待过）”，人现在还在那里 He has been in Beijing for a week. 他在北京待了一周。 have done（不带地点） “（事情）已完成”，与地点连用须用 have been done The work has been done. 工作已经做完了。 （九）过去完成时 ● 用法① 在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。 ● 用法② 从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间，常用 by then、by that time、by the end of…、by the time + 句子。 ● 用法③ 表示“愿望、打算”的动词（hope、want、expect、think、mean、suppose、plan、intend）用于过去完成时，表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 ● 用法④ 在“hardly (scarcely) … when …”“no sooner … than …”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。 例句：He said that he had been abroad for three years. 他说他在国外待了三年。/ I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）/ Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 （十）现在完成进行时 ● 用法① 动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在并且还要继续下去。 ● 用法② 表示一个近期内一直重复发生、反复进行的动作。 ● 用法③ 常和 all this time、this week、this month、all night、all the morning、recently 等状语以及 since、for 引导的状语从句连用。 例句：I have been reading Hemingway's Farewell to Arms recently. 我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。/ You've been saying that for five years. 这话你已经说了五年了。/ He has been writing articles to the newspapers since he became a teacher. 自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊撰稿。 （十一）时态呼应：主从句的时间关系 复合句中从句的时态不能孤立决定，必须服从主句与逻辑关系。这是语法填空中最易失分、也最能拉开差距的一环。 主句时态／结构 从句时态 说明 例句 一般现在时 一般现在时（客观真理） 客观事实不因时态改变 He says that the earth goes round the sun. 一般过去时 一般过去时 / 过去进行 / 过去完成 / 过去将来 从句时态随之后移（客观真理除外） He said that he had left. 现在完成时 保持不变 主句时态不带动从句 I have known him since we were children. 一般将来时 一般现在时（时间／条件状语从句） “主将从现” It will rain if it is cloudy tomorrow. 一般过去时 一般过去时（时间／条件状语从句） 从句不因主句过去而变将来 He said he would come if it was fine. 宾语从句（表过去） 过去将来时 would do “立足过去，着眼未来” She said she would be back soon. 考点二 动词语态 一、被动语态的构成与使用时机 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。基本结构：be + 过去分词。语态与时态是两个独立维度：语态决定“be + p.p.”，时态决定“be 用什么形式”。 ● 使用时机①：不知道或不必说出动作的执行者（施动者不明或不重要）。 ● 使用时机②：需要特别强调动作的承受者（科技、新闻、说明性语段中尤为常见）。 ● 使用时机③：客观陈述事实，无意突出主观态度（科技报道与新闻语段的典型语域特征）。 例句：The blouse is made of silk. 这件衬衫是丝绸做的。（不必说是谁做的） 二、主动变被动的四条特殊规则 （一）双宾语动词：只能保留一个宾语 句式 例句 规律 间接宾语作主语 The reporters asked the president some questions. → The president was asked some questions by the reporters. 保留直接宾语（some questions） 直接宾语作主语 The reporters asked the president some questions. → Some questions were asked (to) the president by the reporters. 保留间接宾语，其前须补 to（教材亦有省略 to 的写法） （二）复合宾语：作补语的不定式前须加 to（位置不变） I heard him say good-bye to his friends. → He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. ★ 易错提醒｜被动语态中的“to”还原 感官动词与使役动词（see、hear、watch、make、let、have 等）后接宾语补足语时，主动语态中省略 to；变为被动语态后，宾语变主语，原宾补变主补，to 必须还原（let 除外）。 正确：He was made to clean the room by his mother.（他被妈妈要求打扫房间） 错误：~~He was made clean the room.~~ —— 漏掉 to，是最常见的机械性失分。 记忆口诀：“主动省 to，被动补 to”。 （三）动词短语变被动：勿掉“尾巴” This dictionary must be taken good care of.　｜　This book may not be taken out of the reading room. ● take care of → be taken good care of（介词保留在末尾） ● pay attention to → be paid attention to ● put off / give up / carry out → be put off / be given up / be carried out（副词不可丢） （四）情态动词与固定结构：只换后面的动词 This book may not be taken out of the reading room.　｜　Trees should not be planted in summer. 情态动词、be going to、be to、be sure to、have to、used to、had better 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词原形换成 be + 过去分词，其余部分保持不变。 （五）get + 过去分词：表示被动含义的短语 They get paid twice as much as I do, but the job is exactly the same as mine. 他们拿到的薪水是我的两倍，但工作和我的一模一样。/ No matter how well you know Paris, it is easy to get lost. 不管你对巴黎有多熟悉，都很容易迷路。 三、主动形式表示被动含义的五种情形 情形 结构特点 例句 译文 感官／系表动词 + 形容词 feel, sound, taste, look, smell, turn + adj. The music isn't pleasant to listen to. 这音乐听起来不舒服。 不及物动词 + well/easily 等状语 sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn + well This kind of radio doesn't sell well. 这种收音机销路不好。 need / require / worth + doing 后接动名词，形式上主动、意义上被动 The problem needs solving. 这个问题需要解决。 too…to 结构 不定式表被动 The article is too difficult to understand. 这篇文章太难懂了。 形容词的被动意义 adj. + to do The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 四、不能用于被动语态的常见动词 类别 常见词语 原因 不及物动词 happen, occur, take place, break out, last, remain, appear, disappear, arrive, die, rise, fall 无宾语，不存在“被”的对象 带介词的固定短语 belong to, consist of, take part in, run out, lose heart, date from, come true 整体固定，拆开不成立 同源宾语动词 have, own, cost, lack, suit, resemble, possess 主语与动作是“同一物”的关系，无施受之分 ★ 易错提醒｜“见被动就套 be + p.p.”是第二大失分源 主谓是施动关系时必须用主动。例如：He asked me a question.（他问我问题，主语是动作发出者，用主动）若误改为 “He was asked me a question” 即为典型错误（被动句不能直接跟双宾语）。 科技说明与新闻语段是主动变被动的重灾区：语法填空中，“are cherished（被珍爱）”“was seen（被看见）”“will be employed（将被雇用）”“have been translated（已被翻译）”均为被动形式，且主语多为物（文物、任务、遗址），主语是承受者。 判断口诀：先问一句“主语是干这件事的人吗？”——不是，才考虑被动。 考点一：动词时态 例1.(2024-2025学年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) The market also introduced a variety of exceptional shops. From charming flower shops offering an escape from the busy city life to the “Coexistence Plan Shop”, which featured illustrations (插图) that celebrated the connection (connect) between art and nature, there 34 (be) something for everyone. Tasty food included ice cream from Italy. 【答案】34．Was 【详解】34．考查there be 句型的时态和主谓一致。 句意：从能让人逃离繁忙城市生活的迷人花店，到以彰显艺术与自然之间联系的插图为特色的“共生计划店”，每个人都能在这里找到适合自己的东西。根据上下文可知，此处描述的是过去举办的市集情况，应用一般过去时。主语是something，为不定代词，视为单数，故填 was。 例2.(2025-2026学年安徽省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) From then on, her mother recognized Hongxia’s talent and 38 (teach) her the techniques of papercutting. 【答案】38．taught 【详解】38．考查时态。句意：从那时起，她的母亲就认识到了红霞的才华，并教她剪纸的技巧。teach(教)是主句并列谓语动词，与主语her mother之间是主动关系，结合上文“From then on”可知，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时态，谓语动词用过去式。故填taught。 例3.(2025-2026学年云南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) A small bike is lying quietly (quiet) in our garden. It 37 (be) very old and I can not ride it any longer, but I still keep it there, as it often brings back to me a wonderful memory. 【答案】37．is 【详解】37．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它很旧了，我再也不能骑它了，但我还是把它放在那里，因为它常常让我回想起一段美好的回忆。根据can not ride和keep 可知，本句陈述一个事实，句子使用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以be动词需用is。故填is。 1．If it (rain) tomorrow, the sports meet will be postponed. 【答案】rains 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果明天下雨，运动会将被推迟。主句will be postponed使用了一般将来时，从句也应用一般将来时。在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。从句主语为it，谓语用单数形式。故填rains。 2．So far, the volunteer group (organize) more than twenty public lectures to spread environmental knowledge in rural communities. 【答案】has organized 【详解】句意：到目前为止，这支志愿者团队已经在乡村社区举办了二十多场公益讲座来普及环保知识。so far是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，主语the volunteer group为单数概念，谓语动词用“has+过去分词”。 3．To master a foreign language typically (take) years of practice. 【答案】takes 【详解】句意：掌握一门外语通常需要数年的练习。根据typically可知，这里指习惯性、经常性的动作，用一般现在时。句子的主语是不定式短语To master a foreign language，谓语动词需要使用单数形式。 4． Of vital importance (be) regular exercise for teenagers’ physical and mental health. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：定期锻炼对青少年的身心健康至关重要。本句为完全倒装结构，正常语序为“Regular exercise for teenagers' physical and mental health is of vital importance”，主语为“Regular exercise”，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式，且描述一般事实，用一般现在时。 考点二：动词语态 例1.(2024-2025学年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Many of its major roads, including (include) Chang’ an Avenue in Beijing and Binjiang Avenue in Shanghai, 42 (crowd) with groups of bikers now. 【答案】42．are crowed 【详解】42．考查时态和语态。句意：它的许多主要道路，包括北京的长安街和上海的滨江大道，现在挤满了骑自行车的人。空处为句子的谓语动词。此处描述的是现在的状态，应用一般现在时，主语Many of its major roads与crowd之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are crowded。 例2.(2025-2026学年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) “Paxo phones 40 (make) of a small number of parts,” Rochet said. “Fewer parts mean less (little) waste and carbon footprint.” 【答案】40．are made 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：罗谢特说：“帕克索手机由少量零件制成。” “be made of”是固定短语，意为“由……制成”，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Paxo phones是复数，故填are made。 例3.(2025-2026学年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Throughout the event, street performances 29 (give), bringing the spirit of the Renaissance to life and providing (provide) an enriching experience of history and creativity. 【答案】29．were given 【详解】29．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在整个活动期间，街头表演不断上演，让文艺复兴的精神焕发活力，并提供了一场丰富的历史与创意体验。根据时间状语Throughout the event以及上文last month可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；street performances与give之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。主语street performances是复数，故填were given。 1．We (impress) by the speech that the senior student gave at the opening ceremony. 【答案】were impressed 【详解】句意：我们对这位高年级学生在开幕式上的演讲印象深刻。句子主语We和提示词impress之间是被动关系，be impressed by表达“被……打动”；结合后文定语从句中谓语gave为一般过去时，可知主句描述过去发生的动作，需使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语We对应的be动词用were。 2．Those old views on mental health (challenge) in recent years with greater public awareness. 【答案】have been challenged 【详解】句意：随着公众意识的提高，那些关于心理健康的旧观念近年来一直受到质疑。根据时间状语in recent years可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语Those old views和challenge之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语用have been challenged。 3．More efforts (make) to encourage teenagers to take exercise. 【答案】will be made 【详解】句意：将会付出更多努力来鼓励青少年锻炼身体。结合语境，此用一般将来时，主语More efforts与make是被动关系，所以使用一般将来时态的被动语态，谓语动词为will be made。 4．The sports field (plant) with trees this time last year. 【答案】was being planted 【详解】句意：去年这个时候，运动场正在被种上树木。时间标志this time last year表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作；the sports field和plant之间是被动关系，因此使用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为单数，主谓一致。 5． Explorers who work on scientific research (stand) at the North Pole this time tomorrow. 【答案】will be standing 【详解】句意：从事科研工作的探险者们，明天这个时候将正站在北极点上。句中标志性时间状语this time tomorrow表示“明天这个时候”，强调将来某一具体时刻动作正在持续进行，需使用将来进行时，结构为will be + 现在分词，因此将所给动词stand变为will be standing。 一、单项选择 1．— You speak French so fluently! — Really? I ________ you could understand French. A．don’t know B．haven’t known C．didn’t know D．hadn’t known 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你法语说得真流利！——真的吗？我刚才不知道你能听懂法语。“不知道对方懂法语”是发生在过去的动作，即在对方说话之前不知道，现在已经知道了，应用一般过去时。 2．By the end of this term, we ________ all the grammar rules of senior one. A．learn B．will learn C．will have learned D．have learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到本学期末，我们将已经学完高一所有的语法规则。此处是谓语动词，结合时间状语“By the end of this term”可知，描述将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态，用将来完成时态，谓语动词为will have learned。 3．It was not until the contract was checked carefully that ________ the payment. A．did he make B．would he make C．he has made D．he made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：直到合同被仔细检查后，他才付款。It was not until + 从句 + that...是not until的强调句型，that后面的主句不用倒装（倒装只出现在Not until置于句首的情况）；主句时态要和was保持一致，用一般过去时。he made为陈述语序且时态正确。 4．I________ the paper since daybreak, but I haven’t finished it yet. A．have written B．have been written C．write D．have been writing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：从破晓开始我就一直在写这篇论文，但我还没有写完。根据句中的时间状语since daybreak以及后半句“but I haven’t finished it yet”可知，“写论文”这个动作从过去（破晓）开始，一直持续到现在，并且仍在进行中，因此应使用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时的结构为“have/has been doing”，主语为第一人称I，故填入have been writing。 5．They _________ football on the playground _________ it began to rain. A．played; when B．were playing; while C．were playing; when D．had played; while 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们正在操场上踢足球，这时突然开始下雨了。固定句型sb. was/were doing sth. when...意为“某人正在做某事，这时突然……”，其中when作并列连词，相当于and at that time。主句表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时（were playing）。 6．I am so tired. My roommate ________ loud music at midnight, so I can’t fall asleep. A．always B．is always playing C．has always played D．had always played 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我太累了。我的室友总是在午夜大声播放音乐，所以我无法入睡。现在进行时与always连用，带有抱怨的感情色彩。结合语境可知，此处表达对室友行为的不满抱怨，用is always playing。 7．If such natural resources ________, it will take decades to recover. A．destroy B．are destroyed C．have destroyed D．were destroyed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果这样的自然资源被破坏，将需要几十年的时间才能恢复。在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时表示将来。同时，从句主语such natural resources与动词destroy之间为被动关系，需使用被动语态。因此，空格处应填入一般现在时的被动语态谓语are destroyed。 8．Luckily, the injured tourist ________ by local volunteers before the ambulance came. A．saved B．had been saved C．has saved D．had saved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：幸运的是，在救护车到来之前，受伤的游客已经被当地志愿者救了。空处为主句谓语，主语the injured tourist与动词save之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，同时由时间状语从句before the ambulance came可知，“被救”这一动作发生在“救护车到来”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应当使用过去完成时的被动语态。 9．________ the classroom ________ when you walked past? A．Had; cleaned B．Was; being cleaned C．Is; cleaned D．Did; clean 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你走过的时候，教室正在被清扫吗？clean(清扫)是谓语动词，根据时间状语从句“when you walked past”可知，主句描述在过去某一具体时刻正在发生的动作，应使用过去进行时，且与主语the classroom之间是被动关系，即教室是被清扫的，故应用过去进行时的被动语态was being cleaned；这是一般疑问句，助动词was放在句首。 10．The school concert we had been looking forward to ________ as planned after weeks of preparation. A．holding B．held C．was held D．being held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：经过数周准备，我们一直期待的学校音乐会按计划举办了。we had been looking forward to是定语从句修饰concert，主句缺少谓语，音乐会是“被举办”，且发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，选was held。 11．The group leader, as well as dozens of team members, ________ by the judges after the competition concluded last Saturday. A．is praised B．are praised C．was praised D．were praised 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周六比赛结束后，组长以及几十名队员受到了评委们的表扬。当主语后面带有as well as, together with, along with等词组时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定。本句中前面的主语The group leader为单数，故谓语动词应使用单数形式。根据时间状语last Saturday可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时；且主语与动词praise之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。因此，空格处应填入一般过去时的单数被动形式was praised。 12．Don’t touch the machine! It ________ right now for the physics competition. A．repairs B．is repairing C．is being repaired D．has been repaired 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要碰那台机器！它现在正在为物理竞赛进行维修。根据句中的时间状语“right now”可知，动作正在进行，应使用现在进行时；且主语“It”（指代机器）与动词“repair”之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，因此，此处需用现在进行时的被动语态，结构为“is/am/are being +过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is being repaired。 二、单句语法填空 1．Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is (bring) to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. 【答案】brought 【详解】句意：小猫一出生就开始喵喵叫，并用它来引起母亲的注意并获得喂食。动词短语bring...to life作从句谓语，意为“使……复生；赋予……生命”，与主语a baby cat之间是被动关系，用过去分词brought构成一般现在时的被动语态is brought to life。 2．This is the first time that he (accuse) of lying.   【答案】has been accused 【详解】句意：这是他第一次被指责撒谎。This is the first time that...是固定句型，表示“这是第一次……”，从句用现在完成时；he和accuse之间是被动关系，be accused of意为“被指控……”，且主语是he，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，即has been accused。 3．All the tickets (sell out) before we got to the cinema. 【答案】had been sold out 【详解】句意：在我们到达电影院之前，所有的票都已经售罄了。空处为主句谓语动词；根据时间状语before we got to the cinema可知，“票售完”发生在“到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时；主语All the tickets与sell out之间为被动关系，需用过去完成时的被动语态，即“had been + 过去分词”。 4．The road (widen) at 5 p.m. yesterday, so traffic was heavy. 【答案】was being widened 【详解】句意：昨天下午5点，这条路正在被拓宽，所以交通很拥堵。根据时间状语at 5 p.m. yesterday可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；主语The road与widen之间是被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，且主语为单数，be动词用was。 5．Existing commercial systems, which are (employ) to examine brain activity, cost as much as tens of thousands of dollars but provide only single-point measurements. 【答案】employed 【详解】句意：现有的商用系统被用来检测大脑活动，价格高达数万美元，却只能提供单点测量。employ(使用)作定语从句中谓语，与主语which(指代先行词commercial systems)之间是被动关系，应用过去分词employed构成一般现在时的被动语态are employed。 6．A great number of new houses (build) for the local villagers since the new policy was carried out three years ago. 【答案】have been built 【详解】句意：自从三年前新政策实施以来，已经为当地村民建造了大量新房。根据时间状语since the new policy was carried out可知，用现在完成时；主语A great number of new houses和build 是被动关系，用现在完成时被动语态，谓语用have been built。 7．Many students (work) on their group reports from 3 pm to 5 pm this coming Friday, so please avoid disturbing them. 【答案】will be working 【详解】句意：本周五下午3点到5点，许多学生将正在做他们的小组报告，所以请避免打扰他们。 时间状语this coming Friday以及from 3 pm to 5 pm可知，此处表示将来某一段特定时间段内正在发生的动作，要用将来进行时will be doing。 8．Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Johnson (leave), so we only had time for a few words. 【答案】was leaving 【详解】句意：不幸的是，当我顺道拜访时，约翰逊教授正要离开，所以我们只有说几句话的时间。根据when引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）以及so we only had time for a few words可知，主句表示过去即将发生的动作，leave这个词，经常用进行时表示将来，主语是Professor Johnson，应用was leaving。 一、阅读理解 A Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and some human activities. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions. Create wildlife-friendly areas in your backyard When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution. Besides, bird or bat houses in your yard or garden can attract and shelter more species. Avoid harming the natural ecosystem in your backyard Some plants from other places can kill or harm the native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife. Have a greener lifestyle By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you’re not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter. Buy products that are friendly to wildlife Don’t buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, or hunters who are eager to earn money with them. Donate money to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats You can give money to organizations or groups that protect wildlife in your neighborhood, thus promoting their work. 1．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To show the threats wildlife faces. B．To raise awareness of wildlife protection. C．To explain the importance of wildlife conservation. D．To introduce different ways to protect wildlife. 2．What is suggested in the passage to create wildlife-friendly areas? A．Building a bird or bat house. B．Using less water and fewer fuels. C．Donating money to organizations. D．Buying products made from endangered animals. 3．Which of the following actions is NOT recommended for a greener lifestyle? A．Providing food and shelter for wildlife. B．Taking showers for a shorter time. C．Keeping the room temperature low in winter. D．Turning off electric devices when not in use. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了如何通过小行动保护野生动物的建议。 【详解】1．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions. (以下是一些关于如何通过小行动保护野生动物的建议。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍保护野生动物的不同方法。故选D。 2．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. (当你试图让你的花园更美丽时，你可以选择能为当地野生动物提供食物和住所的植物)”可知，文章中建议创建野生动物友好区的方法是建造鸟屋或蝙蝠屋。故选A。 3．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you’re not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter.(通过使用更少的水和更少的燃料，你将有助于保护你周围的野生动物。如果可以的话，坐公共汽车或地铁，不使用时关掉电器，淋浴时间缩短，冬天把房间的温度保持在68华氏度或以下)”可知，这里提到了使用更少的水和更少的燃料、淋浴时间缩短以及冬天把房间的温度保持在68华氏度或以下。因此，为了更环保的生活方式，没有提到的行动是为野生动物提供食物和住所。故选A。 B Not long ago, I noticed a quiet revolution taking place on the streets of Shanghai. It wasn’t in the grand malls or busy offices, but in small handicraft stores. Young and old alike bent over tables, carefully placing tiny colorful beads (珠子) on plastic boards. This simple activity, known as fuse-bead art, has quietly become a national trend. It all starts with focus. Take 11-year-old William, a visitor from the UK. After a piano competition, he walked past a DIY store and was instantly attracted. For two days, he worked patiently there to create a beautiful peach tree, a symbol of Chinese culture that inspires his passion, and took it home. For him, it was a labor of love. For adults, it is a lifeline. Many busy professionals, worn out by endless work messages and screen time, find peace in these beads. As one customer described, putting away the phone and focusing solely on arranging the beads brings a rare sense of joy and peace. It is a chance to simply be in the moment. Fuse-bead art dates back to the 1970s, when it was not originally intended for personal enjoyment, but for rehabilitation (康复) training in nursing homes. In the 1980s, Perler, in the United States, improved it into a children’s puzzle toy, which later spread worldwide. At the end of 2024, a young Chinese actor showcased a homemade fuse-bead tie during a live promotional broadcast, thus fueling the “fuse-bead craze” in China. Experts explain that fuse-bead art perfectly meets young people’s needs. It is easy to do, requiring no special skills. The slow, focused work helps us escape our phones and relieve stress. However, like all trends, it faces challenges. To last, the “handmade economy” must keep innovating and creating new content. But one thing is clear: As long as people seek comfort, creativity, and a break from chaos, handmade crafts like fuse beads will remain more than just a passing craze. 4．Why does the author describe the scene in Shanghai? A．To introduce a new mall. B．To present a new trend. C．To show the busy streets. D．To explain the beads’ appeal. 5．What does William’s choice of the peach tree pattern indicate? A．An intention to help the DIY store. B．A need to reduce academic pressure. C．A preference for piano competitions. D．A strong interest in Chinese culture. 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The evolution of fuse-bead art. B．The popularity of a Chinese actor. C．The function of a new puzzle toy. D．The way of nursing home training. 7．What challenge does fuse-bead art face? A．Expanding the market. B．Staying creative. C．Getting recognized. D．Gaining profits. 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．A 7．B 【导语】文章介绍了拼豆艺术在中国走红的现象。 【详解】4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Not long ago, I noticed a quiet revolution taking place on the streets of Shanghai…This simple activity, known as fuse-bead art, has quietly become a national trend.(不久前，我注意到上海街头正发生一场悄然的变革……这种被称为拼豆艺术的简单活动，已悄然成为一种全国性的趋势。)”可知，作者描述上海街头人们玩拼豆的场景，是为了引出并介绍拼豆这一新的流行趋势。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“For two days, he worked patiently there to create a beautiful peach tree, a symbol of Chinese culture that inspires his passion, and took it home.(他耐心花两天制作漂亮桃树，桃树是中国文化的象征，激发了他的热爱，并把作品带回家。)”可知，William选择制作桃树是因为它代表了中国文化，这表明他对中国文化有着浓厚的兴趣。 6．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Fuse-bead art dates back to the 1970s, when it was not originally intended for personal enjoyment, but for rehabilitation (康复) training in nursing homes. In the 1980s, Perler, in the United States, improved it into a children’s puzzle toy, which later spread worldwide. At the end of 2024, a young Chinese actor showcased a homemade fuse-bead tie during a live promotional broadcast, thus fueling the “fuse-bead craze” in China.(拼豆艺术起源于20世纪70年代，最初它并非用于个人娱乐，而是供养老院开展康复训练使用。20世纪80年代，美国Perler公司把它改良成儿童益智玩具，之后传播到世界各地。2024年末，一位中国青年演员在直播带货时展示自制拼豆领带，由此点燃了国内的“拼豆热潮”。)”可知，第三段按照时间顺序（20世纪70年代、80年代、2024年底），依次讲述了拼豆从最初的养老院康复训练工具，到后来的儿童益智玩具，再到如今在中国引发热潮的过程。因此，该段主要讲述的是拼豆艺术的发展与演变。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, like all trends, it faces challenges. To last, the ‘handmade economy’ must keep innovating and creating new content.(然而，像所有趋势一样，它也面临挑战。为了持久，“手工经济”必须不断创新和创造新内容。)”可知，拼豆艺术面临的挑战是需要不断创新，即保持创造力。 C Many students tend to stay inside their learning comfort zone. They prefer to practice what they are already good at and avoid challenging content. Working within the comfort zone brings short‑term satisfaction, because students can get correct answers easily and feel a sense of achievement. However, staying long in comfort zones will slow personal growth. Real improvement happens in the learning zone, where you meet unfamiliar, challenging tasks. When dealing with something slightly beyond your present level, you may feel confused or stressed. But through thinking, trying and correcting mistakes, you can gain new abilities. That is where growth takes place. Of course, moving out of the comfort zone does not mean jumping into tasks far beyond your ability, which will only cause anxiety and loss of confidence. The proper way is to accept proper challenges step by step. You can take small risks: try more difficult exercises, speak in public or learn new thinking skills. Small challenges build up your competence gradually. Growth never comes easily. It requires courage to face discomfort. Students should dare to step out of their comfort zone, accept reasonable challenges, and keep moving forward in the learning zone. 8．What do students in the comfort zone like to do? A．Deal with completely new challenging tasks. B．Practice the knowledge they are good at. C．Keep trying tasks far above their level. D．Seek constant advice from teachers. 9．What is the short‑term advantage of staying in comfort zone? A．It speeds up long‑term personal growth. B．It helps students get high‑level competence quickly. C．Students can easily get a feeling of satisfaction. D．Students can learn lots of brand‑new skills. 10．What will happen if students face tasks much beyond their ability? A．They will make rapid progress. B．They will feel anxious and lose confidence. C．They will enter the learning zone naturally. D．They will form good learning habits. 11．What is the main idea of the text? A．Students should get away from comfort zone properly for growth. B．Why most teenagers prefer to live in comfort zones. C．Different kinds of zones in teenagers’ daily life. D．How to reduce anxiety during examinations. 【答案】8．B 9．C 10．B 11．A 【导语】文章主要论述了学生应适度走出舒适区，在学习区接受合理挑战，才能获得真正的成长。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many students tend to stay inside their learning comfort zone. They prefer to practice what they are already good at and avoid challenging content.(许多学生倾向于待在他们的学习舒适区。他们更喜欢练习自己已经擅长的内容，而回避有挑战性的内容。)”可知，处在舒适区的学生喜欢练习自己擅长的知识。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Working within the comfort zone brings short-term satisfaction, because students can get correct answers easily and feel a sense of achievement.(在舒适区内学习能带来短期的满足感，因为学生可以轻松得到正确答案并感到成就感。)”可知，待在舒适区的短期优势是学生容易获得满足感。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Of course, moving out of the comfort zone does not mean jumping into tasks far beyond your ability, which will only cause anxiety and loss of confidence.(当然，走出舒适区并不意味着跳入远超自己能力的任务中，那只会造成焦虑和失去信心。)”可知，如果学生面对远超自己能力的任务，他们会感到焦虑并失去信心。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“However, staying long in comfort zones will slow personal growth.(然而，长期待在舒适区会减缓个人成长。)”以及最后一段中“Students should dare to step out of their comfort zone, accept reasonable challenges, and keep moving forward in the learning zone.(学生应该敢于走出舒适区，接受合理的挑战，并在学习区不断前进。)”可知，全文核心观点是学生应当适度走出舒适区以获得成长。 D Summer comes, and mosquitoes constantly buzz and bite, leaving red marks and ruining our sleep. To fight them, DEET (避蚊胺) is widely regarded as the gold standard for preventing mosquito bites. Most researchers agree that a key part of its effectiveness is unpleasantness — the bugs just hate to be around it. However, some mosquitoes seem capable of overcoming their revulsion, leading to the idea that the insects might be getting used to the chemical. Claudio Lazzari at the University of Tours set out to investigate, by running a version of the experiments made famous by Ivan Pavlov in the late 1800s where dogs were conditioned to associate sounds with food. In those experiments, Pavlov routinely rang a signal bell and then immediately fed the dogs. Eventually, when he made the sounds but didn’t provide food, he found the animals still salivated (流口水), as they would before a meal. In his experiments, Dr Lazzari presented hungry mosquitoes with warm sheep’s blood as they were exposed to ordinary air or to air blown past paper soaked (浸透) in DEET. With colleagues, he then repeated the experiments with sugar water, instead of blood, on a different set of mosquitoes. The researchers then bravely presented their own hands to the insects. One hand was covered in DEET, the other left untreated. To their frustration, 60% of the mosquitoes that had been exposed to DEET while feeding bit the hand coated in DEET. In contrast, all mosquitoes trained with ordinary air avoided it entirely. Dr Lazzari’s conditioning in the laboratory was important for the mosquitoes in developing their fondness for DEET. But the chances are good that a similar scene is taking place in the real world, where the effects of DEET typically weaken over time, especially when people are sweating or not applying enough of the stuff in the first place. In such circumstances, hungry mosquitoes are most likely to be able to put up with the slight smell of DEET, bite a lightly protected person, begin connecting the smell with food and become more dangerous to those they encounter later in their lives. 12．What does the underlined word “revulsion” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Dislike. B．Fondness. C．Desire. D．Indifference. 13．Why is Pavlov’s experiment mentioned? A．To show that dogs can be trained to expect food. B．To introduce the method behind Dr Lazzari’s research. C．To explain why some mosquitoes stop avoiding DEET. D．To compare the behaviour of dogs with that of mosquitoes. 14．What did Dr Lazzari’s experiments reveal? A．All the mosquitoes bit the DEET-coated hand. B．Ordinary air made mosquitoes keener on DEET. C．Most trained mosquitoes no longer avoided DEET. D．Sugar water was more effective than blood in the training. 15．Why does DEET sometimes fail to keep mosquitoes away? A．Mosquitoes associate it with food. B．Its smell grows stronger over time. C．Human blood weakens the chemical. D．Sweat washes DEET off the skin quickly. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了科学家通过经典条件反射实验，发现部分蚊子可将避蚊胺气味与食物关联，进而不再躲避避蚊胺的相关研究。 【详解】12．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Most researchers agree that a key part of its effectiveness is unpleasantness — the bugs just hate to be around it.(多数研究者认为避蚊胺起效的核心在于它的难闻特质，蚊子根本不愿靠近它)”可知，蚊子讨厌待在避蚊胺周围，故revulsion意为“厌恶”，与“Dislike”同义。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Claudio Lazzari at the University of Tours set out to investigate, by running a version of the experiments made famous by Ivan Pavlov in the late 1800s where dogs were conditioned to associate sounds with food.(图尔大学的克劳迪奥·拉扎里借鉴19世纪末巴甫洛夫的经典实验思路展开研究，该实验中狗被训练将声音和食物建立关联)”可知，提及巴甫洛夫的实验是为了引出拉扎里博士研究所采用的条件反射方法。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To their frustration, 60% of the mosquitoes that had been exposed to DEET while feeding bit the hand coated in DEET.(令他们沮丧的是，60%的在进食时接触过避蚊胺的蚊子咬了涂有避蚊胺的手)”可知，大多数经过训练的蚊子不再避开避蚊胺。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In such circumstances, hungry mosquitoes are most likely to be able to put up with the slight smell of DEET, bite a lightly protected person, begin connecting the smell with food and become more dangerous to those they encounter later in their lives.(在这种情况下，饥饿的蚊子很可能能够忍受避蚊胺的轻微气味，去叮咬防护不足的人，并开始把这种气味与食物联系起来，从而在日后的生活中对它们遇到的人变得更加危险)”可知，避蚊胺有时失效是因为蚊子将它和食物关联在了一起。 二、完形填空 In North Dakota, neighbors are more like family. Back in September, Randy Fyllesvold, a farmer who lived with his wife Kharra and two little sons, had an 16 . On a cold rainy morning, he drove his old truck to 17 his corn in the fields as usual. The road was 18 , and his truck suddenly lost control and crashed. The doctors examined Randy carefully after he was 19 to hospital, and found he suffered from serious injuries. “The 20 might have to take several weeks,” they said. That 21 Randy’s family greatly. What worried them most was the coming harvest season. The corn in their fields was 22 to be picked, but without Randy’s support, Kharra couldn’t 23 the work alone. As the days passed, she grew more 24 , unsure how to deal with the harvest. Luckily, when friends and neighbors heard about their trouble, they quickly 25 . Led by Wyatt Thompson and Andy Gates, they organized a big volunteer team. Soon, more than fifty volunteers 26 , coming from over ten nearby communities. They worked 27 and finished all the harvest in just a few days. Kharra 28 a warm and moving message online, expressing her thankfulness to everyone who came to help. She said the sight of so many helpers working for her family was really 29 . It’s such small acts of 30 that show how neighbors care for each other like family. 16．A．idea B．award C．accident D．experiment 17．A．plant B．check C．cover D．sell 18．A．wet B．wide C．busy D．clear 19．A．called B．recommended C．invited D．raced 20．A．search B．competition C．recovery D．game 21．A．concerned B．matched C．reminded D．attracted 22．A．easy B．unnecessary C．impossible D．ready 23．A．manage B．enjoy C．improve D．describe 24．A．surprised B．forgetful C．helpless D．careless 25．A．gave up B．stepped in C．passed by D．calmed down 26．A．succeeded B．survived C．returned D．arrived 27．A．secretly B．aimlessly C．bravely D．tirelessly 28．A．ignored B．discovered C．shared D．replaced 29．A．touching B．challenging C．strange D．familiar 30．A．courage B．kindness C．self-care D．creativity 【答案】 16．C 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．B 【导语】本文讲述在美国北达科他州，农夫Randy遭遇车祸受伤，邻里们自发赶来帮忙完成玉米收割，诠释邻里如家人般互助的温暖故事。 【详解】16．考查名词。句意：早在九月，农夫兰迪・菲莱斯沃尔德和妻子卡拉以及两个小儿子一起生活，他遭遇了一场意外事故。A. idea想法；B. award奖项；C. accident事故；D. experiment实验。根据下文“his truck suddenly lost control and crashed”可知，兰迪发生了车祸事故。 17．考查动词。句意：在一个阴冷的雨天早晨，他像往常一样开着旧卡车去田里查看玉米。A. plant种植；B. check查看；C. cover覆盖；D. sell售卖。根据第二段“The corn in their fields was to be picked”可知，临近收割时节，他开车到田间查看玉米长势。 18．考查形容词。句意：路面湿滑，他的卡车突然失控并发生碰撞。A. wet湿的；B. wide宽阔的；C. busy繁忙的；D. clear晴朗的。根据上文“On a cold rainy morning”可知，下雨导致路面潮湿。 19．考查动词。句意：兰迪被紧急送往医院后，医生对他进行了仔细检查，发现他伤势严重。A. called呼叫；B. recommended推荐；C. invited邀请；D. raced快速运送。根据下文“found he suffered from serious injuries”可知，车祸受伤后他被紧急送往医院救治。 20．考查名词。句意：医生说：“康复可能需要好几周的时间。”A. search搜寻；B. competition比赛；C. recovery康复；D. game游戏。根据上文“found he suffered from serious injuries”可知，这里指受伤后的恢复过程。 21．考查动词。句意：这件事让兰迪一家人十分担忧。A. concerned使担忧；B. matched匹配；C. reminded提醒；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“What worried them most was the coming harvest season”可知，车祸这件事让家人忧心忡忡。 22．考查形容词。句意：田里的玉米已经成熟，可以收割了，但是没有兰迪的帮忙，卡拉独自无法完成这项工作。A. easy容易的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. impossible不可能的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文“to be picked”可知，玉米已经成熟，准备好等待收割。 23．考查动词。句意：田里的玉米已经成熟，可以收割了，但是没有兰迪的帮忙，卡拉独自无法完成这项工作。A. manage设法完成；B. enjoy享受；C. improve改善；D. describe描述。根据上文“What worried them most was the coming harvest season.”推测，卡拉一个人没办法完成收割这项繁重农活，因此才担忧。 24．考查形容词。句意：日子一天天过去，她越发感到无助，不知道该如何应对收割工作。A. surprised惊讶的；B. forgetful健忘的；C. helpless无助的；D. careless粗心的。根据下文“unsure how to deal with the harvest”可知，她不知道如何处理收割事宜，内心充满无助。 25．考查动词短语。句意：幸运的是，当亲友邻居听说他们的困境后，很快伸出援手。A. gave up放弃；B. stepped in介入，伸出援手；C. passed by路过；D. calmed down冷静下来。根据下文“they organized a big volunteer team”可知，邻居主动组建志愿队前来帮忙。 26．考查动词。句意：很快，五十多名志愿者赶到，他们来自附近十多个社区。A. succeeded成功；B. survived幸存；C. returned返回；D. arrived到达。根据下文“coming from over ten nearby communities”可知，志愿者从周边各个社区赶来抵达农田。 27．考查副词。句意：他们不知疲倦地劳作，仅仅几天就完成了全部收割工作。A. secretly秘密地；B. aimlessly无目的地；C. bravely勇敢地；D. tirelessly不知疲倦地。根据下文“finished all the harvest in just a few days”可知，志愿者辛苦不知疲倦地劳作，快速完成收割。 28．考查动词。句意：卡拉在网上发布了一条温暖感人的信息，向所有前来帮忙的人表达谢意。A. ignored忽视；B. discovered发现；C. shared分享；D. replaced替换。根据online和下文“expressing her thankfulness to everyone who came to help”可知，卡拉在网络上分享这条感谢信。 29．考查形容词。句意：她说看到这么多帮手为自家干活的景象十分令人感动。A. touching令人感动的；B. challenging有挑战性的；C. strange奇怪的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据上文“more than fifty volunteers , coming from over ten nearby communities”可知，众多邻里主动前来帮忙收割的暖心场面令人感动。 30．考查名词。句意：正是这些小小的善举，体现邻里之间像家人一样彼此关照。A. courage勇气；B. kindness善举；C. self-care自我关怀；D. creativity创造力。根据上文邻居自发前来帮忙收割庄稼这件事可知，这属于善意的举动。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Before Benjamin Rene and Loic Michel left their hometown of Annecy in southeastern France 31 the morning of September 13, 2024, China was, to them, a distant yet fascinating place, a name more often encountered in headlines than in everyday conversation. “In France, China 32 (feel) extremely far away,” says Rene, 27. “It almost represents the end of the world — as far as you can go by walking.” The idea 33 would eventually turn this abstract distance into lived experience was born two years earlier. The two friends found themselves talking about repetitive work routines and the sense of 34 (tire) in daily life. Surprising even themselves, they made a bold decision: to walk all the way to China, choosing a low-carbon and 35 (environmental) friendly way to travel. They spent more than half a year preparing. Maps 36 (study), visas researched, physical training intensified. Eventually, they quit their jobs in Paris, packed only the 37 (essential) into lightweight backpacks, and accepted that the road ahead would last well over a year. Their 38 (plan) route would stretch roughly 13,000 kilometers, pass through 16 countries, and end in Shanghai. China, which they entered on Sept 13 after a yearlong journey across Central Asia, marked 39 milestone, not just in geographical terms, but emotionally. By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, the capital city of Northwest China’s Gansu province, they had been on the road 40 (explore) China for about 450 days. 【答案】 31．on 32．feels 33．that/which 34．tiredness 35．environmentally 36．were studied 37．essentials 38．planned 39．a 40．exploring 【导语】文章讲述两位法国年轻人决定徒步前往中国，以此开启低碳旅程，并在途中探索中国的故事。 【详解】31．考查介词。句意：2024年9月13日早上，在Benjamin Rene和Loic Michel离开法国东南部的故乡Annecy之前，对他们来说，中国是一个遥远却迷人的地方，这个名字更多出现在新闻头条，而非日常对话中。在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上，应用介词on。 32．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Rene说：“在法国，中国感觉非常遥远。”此处考查谓语动词，China与feel为主动关系，这里描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语China是单数第三人称，谓语动词feel用第三人称单数形式。 33．考查定语从句。句意：最终将这种抽象的距离转化为真实体验的想法，是两年前萌生的。此空考查定语从句，先行词是The idea，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 34．考查名词。句意：两位朋友开始谈论起重复的工作流程以及日常生活中那种疲惫感。空处应填名词作of的宾语，tiredness为不可数名词。 35．考查副词。句意：他们甚至自己也感到惊讶，做出了一个大胆的决定：一路步行前往中国，选择低碳环保的方式出行。修饰形容词friendly，应用副词environmentally，构成environmentally friendly，表示“环保的”。 36．考查时态和语态。句意：他们研究了地图，调研了签证，加强了体能训练。此处考查谓语动词，主语Maps与study是被动关系，且这里描述过去情况，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。 37．考查名词复数。句意：最终，他们辞去了巴黎的工作，只把必需品装进轻便背包，并接受了前方的道路将持续一年多的事实。essential作名词时意为“必需品”，是可数名词，此处指“各种必需品”，应用复数形式表示泛指。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们计划中的路线全长约1.3万公里，将途经16个国家，最终抵达上海。plan和名词route之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作定语。 39．考查冠词。句意：他们在中亚跋涉一年后，于9月13日进入中国，这不仅在地理上，而且在情感上都标志着一个里程碑。此处泛指“一个里程碑”，且milestone以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：当他们抵达中国西北部甘肃省的省会兰州时，他们已经在徒步前往中国的道路上探索了约450天。explore和主语they之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语。 四、书信写作 41．假定你是李华，是校英语报“健康生活”版块的负责人。最近你们版块即将面向学生推出一个主题为How to Achieve a Healthy Lifestyle in a Digital Age?的论坛，请你以此为题写一篇文章，刊登在校英语报上，内容包括： 1. 指出现代人不健康的生活习惯； 2. 提出科技赋能健康的例子； 3. 呼吁个人与社会努力。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 How to Achieve a Healthy Lifestyle in a Digital Age? Nowadays, many students spend too much time on digital devices, which makes them lack exercise and stay up late. This bad habit that most teenagers have formed harms their physical and mental health. Luckily, technology can help us keep healthy. We can use health apps that record our daily steps and sleep quality. It is suggested that we set screen time limits on our phones. A healthy lifestyle needs efforts from both individuals and society. Let us make good use of digital tools instead of being controlled by them. 【导语】题目要求考生以李华的身份写一篇文章，介绍数字时代健康生活方式，列举问题、科技方案并发出呼吁。 【详解】1.词汇积累 许多：many → a variety of 帮助：help → assist 建议：suggest → propose 控制：control → govern 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Luckily, technology can help us keep healthy. 拓展句：Luckily, technology can help us keep healthy, which brings us many convenient ways to manage our daily health. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays, many students spend too much time on digital devices, which makes them lack exercise and stay up late.  (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】This bad habit that most teenagers have formed harms their physical and mental health. (运用了that 引导的限制性定语从句) 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $