精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高三年级英语学科10月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科10月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Two Trips Artur: Route 66 Growing up in Hungary in the 70s, Route 66 was like a mythical highway. The Rolling Stones’ version of the song was very popular back then and I knew the lyrics (歌词) by heart. Ever since then, I ____1____ (want) to drive it — and last year my dream finally came true. To celebrate our 50th birthdays, I flew to Chicago with an old friend, Attila. We then hired a car and set off for LA — more than 2000 miles away! We hadn’t done much research ____2____ we left - and soon discovered that the road is no longer really in use! Its peak years were the 1930s through to the 60s and since then it’s fallen into disrepair. As a result, much of the journey was quite bumpy; we went through some really out-of-the-way places — and got ____3____ (lose) quite a bit as well! We drove through some really boring scenery — mile after mile of farmland - and, of course, we had the occasional quarrel. Spending all that time together meant they were bound ____4____ (happen)! Having said that, though, we ended up better friends than ever. Felix: The Trans — Siberian Railway I’m studying Chinese at university and last year I went to Beijing. I’ve always loved trains, so I decided to go across Russia on the Trans-Siberian express. I had wanted to travel alone as my image of group tours is middle-aged people ____5____ (follow) a guide around like a group of sheep. However, other people advised ____6____ travelling independently and the Vodkatrain group tour turned out to be quite different from the usual tour. There were only eight of us — all in ____7____ twenties. I guess being stuck on a train for hours day after day you either end up bonding or wanted to kill each other and luckily we formed a strange bond. The guides in the cities we stopped off at were local students who gave us useful information about ____8____ most tourists don’t go. Their friends even came along sometimes, so not only ____9____ we pass through some amazing countryside, but we also met some remarkable people. There were many highlights, among ____10____ Lake Baikal was the best. It’s this vast expanse of incredibly pure water and the whole area is almost untouched by the modern world. 【答案】1. have wanted 2. before 3. lost 4. to happen 5. following 6. against 7. our 8. where 9. did 10. which 【解析】 【导语】文章分别讲述了Artur和好友自驾沿66号公路从芝加哥前往洛杉矶的经历，以及Felix参加伏尔加列车旅行团乘坐西伯利亚大铁路横跨俄罗斯前往北京的旅行体验。 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：从那时起，我就一直想要自驾走完这条路，去年我的梦想终于实现了。句中出现时间标志词Ever since then(从那以后)，是现在完成时的典型标识，主语为I，助动词用have。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：我们出发前没做太多攻略，很快就发现这条路实际上已经不再投入使用了。根据逻辑，“没做攻略”的动作发生在“出发”之前，需要填入表示“在……之前”的时间连词before。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们穿过了一些非常偏僻的地方，还经常迷路！get lost是固定搭配，意为“迷路”。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间待在一起意味着这类争吵注定会发生。be bound to do sth.是固定结构，意为“注定会做某事”。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我原本想独自旅行，因为我对跟团游的印象就是一群中年人像绵羊一样跟着导游到处走。此处逻辑主语middle-aged people和动词follow是主动关系，用现在分词following作后置定语修饰middle-aged people。 【6题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而其他人都不建议独自旅行，最后伏尔加列车团的跟团游和普通的旅行团完全不同。根据后文作者选择了跟团的逻辑，此处表示其他人反对独自旅行，advise against doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“建议不要做某事”。 【7题详解】 考查物主代词。句意：我们一共只有八个人，都二十多岁。in one’s twenties是固定表达，意为“在某人二十多岁时”，此处指代主语all of us，对应的形容词性物主代词是our。 【8题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我们停留的城市的导游都是当地学生，他们给我们提供了大多数游客不会去的地方的实用信息。此处介词about后接宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 【9题详解】 考查部分倒装。句意：他们的朋友有时甚至也会加入，所以我们不仅穿越了令人惊叹的乡村，还结识了一些非常了不起的人。not only置于句首时句子需要部分倒装，根据上下文的一般过去时时态，需要借助助动词did构成倒装结构。 【10题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：旅行中有很多精彩的瞬间，其中贝加尔湖之行是最棒的。此处是介词among+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是highlights(表示事物)，关系代词用which。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. broadened B. completely C. comprehensive D. concerned E. consistent F. expansion G. involved H. limitation I. predicted J. sociality K. ultimately Sea Smarts Killer whales have group-specific dialects, sperm whales babysit one another’s young and bottlenose dolphins cooperate with other species. These social skills are all closely linked with their brain sizes, according to a recent study. Scientists first proposed a relation between social living and brain ____11____ nearly three decades ago, when they observed that primate (灵长类) species with larger brains typically lived in bigger groups. This theory was later ____12____ to associate brain size with other social characteristics, such as resolving conflicts and distributing food. Michael Muthukrishna, an economic psychologist at the London School of Economics, and his colleagues went searching for a similar link between big brains and ____13____ in cetaceans (鲸目动物). They collected a(n) ____14____ data set of cetacean brain and body mass, group size and social characteristics. The team’s analyses, which covered 90 species, revealed that brain size was best ____15____ by a score based on various social behaviors such as cooperation with other species, group hunting and complex vocalizations. Bigger brains were also linked to other factors, including dietary richness and geographical range. The authors say these results are ____16____ with theories that cetaceans developed large brains to deal with the challenges of living in information-rich social environments. Yet Muthukrishna notes that his study’s main ____17____ is the lack of available research on many cetacean species. Discovering more about whales and dolphins could reveal that other factors — such as life span and the duration of the young-age phase — might also be ____18____ in brain size, he adds. Understanding how cetaceans developed such big brains could ____19____ help us piece together humanity’s own evolutionary history. Because these animals occupy a(n) _____20_____ different environment than people do, Muthukrishna says, “they provide us with a useful control group for testing hypotheses (假设) about human evolution.” 【答案】11. F 12. A 13. J 14. C 15. I 16. E 17. H 18. G 19. K 20. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了研究发现鲸类大脑大小和社会性密切相关，该结论契合相关理论，但研究存在资料不足的局限，鲸类也可为研究人类进化提供参照。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：近三十年前，科学家首次提出群居生活与大脑扩张之间存在关联，当时他们观察到大脑更大的灵长类物种通常生活在更大的群体中。根据“primate (灵长类) species with larger brains typically lived in bigger groups”以及句意“扩张”可知应填名词expansion，作宾语。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：该理论后来得到拓展，将大脑尺寸和其他社会特征联系起来，例如化解冲突与分配食物。根据“associate brain size with other social characteristics”以及句意“拓展”可知应填动词broaden，结合上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：伦敦政治经济学院的经济心理学家迈克尔·穆图克里希纳和同事寻找鲸目动物大脑体积与社会性之间类似的联系。根据后文大量社会行为的描述以及句意“社会性”可知应填名词sociality，作宾语。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们收集了一份全面的鲸目动物大脑、体重、群体规模以及社会特征的数据集。根据data set和后文覆盖90个物种以及句意“全面的”可知应填形容词comprehensive，修饰名词data作定语。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：该团队涵盖90个物种的分析显示，大脑尺寸最适合依据多种社会行为得分来预测，比如跨物种合作、群体捕猎和复杂发声。根据后文指标用来判断大脑大小以及句意“预测”可知应填动词predict，结合was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究者称这些结果与如下理论保持一致：鲸目动物演化出大容量大脑，用来应对信息丰富的群居环境带来的挑战。根据后文“with theories that cetaceans developed large brains to deal with the challenges of living in information-rich social environments”以及句意“一致的”可知应填形容词consistent，作表语。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而穆图克里希纳指出，这项研究主要的局限是缺少很多鲸目物种可利用的相关研究。根据“the lack of available research”以及句意“局限”可知应填名词limitation，作主语。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他补充道，对鲸豚进一步研究可能会发现寿命、幼年期时长等其他因素也和大脑尺寸有关。根据上文“such as life span and the duration of the young-age phase”以及句意“有关的、涉及的”可知应填形容词involved，作表语。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：弄清鲸目动物如何演化出巨大的大脑，最终可以帮助我们梳理人类自身的进化史。根据“help us piece together humanity’s own evolutionary history”以及句意“最终”可知应填副词ultimately，作状语。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：穆图克里希纳说，因为这些动物所处的环境和人类完全不同，它们为检验人类进化相关假设提供了有用的参照组。根据“different environment”以及句意“完全地”可知应填副词completely，修饰形容词different作状语。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Where words fail, music speaks.” Though these words, from the pen of Hans Christian Andersen, are appealing, the idea that there might be something ____21____ in music which go beyond cultural boundaries has generally been met with doubt by scholars working in the field. That doubt may, however, be groundless, for research published in Current Biology this week by Samuel Mehr and Manvir Singh of Harvard University provides evidence that music does indeed ____22____ the communication of simple ideas between people even when they have no language in common. To confirm this, the two researchers recruited 750 online volunteers from 60 countries. They played these volunteers 36 musical pieces, each 14 seconds long, and each drawn at random from one of 118 songs in a collection of the music of small-scale societies around the world. Given the broad range of cultures and languages ____23____ in the collection, and the diversity of the volunteers, Dr Mehr and Mr Singh could be reasonably certain that those listening were both ____24____ with the music and unable to understand the lyrics (歌词) in question. After each piece had been played, volunteers were asked what they thought the song’s ____25____ was, and how sure they were of that on a scale of one to six. The possibilities offered were: “for dancing”; “for comforting a baby”; “for healing illness”; “for expressing love for another”; “for remembering the dead”; and “for telling a story”. The first four of these were real functions, as ____26____ by the people from whom the song in question had been collected. The last two were ____27____, and were included as foils (陪衬者). Dr Mehr and Mr. Singh found that volunteers’ ____28____ of a song’s function were generally in good agreement with its actual function — with one exception. Dance songs were particularly ____29____ to identify. They rated 2.18 points higher on the certainty scale as being used “for dancing” than lullabies (摇篮曲) did; 1.38 points higher than love songs; and 1.09 points higher than healing songs. ____30____, lullabies were rated 1.53 points higher than dance songs as being “to comfort a baby”, 1.42 points higher than healing songs and 1.19 points higher than love songs. Healing songs proved a bit more ____31____. They scored only 0.47 and 0.31 points higher than dance and love songs respectively for “to heal illness”, and were statistically indistinguishable from lullabies. The ____32____, though, was love songs. Listeners could distinguish them from healing songs, but not from lullabies or dance songs. Why love songs were hard to identify is ____33____. Because such songs involve showing off to the object of one’s affections, they may require more creativity, and thus generate more ____34____ than lullabies or dance songs. Perhaps the fact that both dancing and cooing (温柔地说话) are involved in romance ____35____ listeners. Love songs aside, however, Andersen was clearly onto something. 21. A. universal B. similar C. elegant D. innovative 22. A. weaken B. teach C. explain D. permit 23. A. concealed B. instructed C. arranged D. represented 24. A. unpopular B. unfamiliar C. dissatisfied D. disconnected 25. A. origin B. rhythm C. function D. relevance 26. A. consumed B. controlled C. excluded D. stated 27. A. taken off B. made up C. looked into D. set about 28. A. perceptions B. experiences C. memories D. methods 29. A. hard B. necessary C. inadequate D. easy 30. A. Similarly B. Consequently C. Instead D. Fortunately 31. A. troublesome B. distinguishable C. pleasant D. theoretical 32. A. agreement B. exception C. mission D. pattern 33. A. different B. certain C. unclear D. abnormal 34. A. energy B. variety C. interest D. profit 35. A. satisfied B. disappointed C. confused D. relieved 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了一项跨文化实验证明音乐有跨越语言传递简单信息的能力，舞曲、摇篮曲易识别，疗愈歌曲辨识度一般，而情歌最难分辨，原因尚不明确。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：安徒生这句话很动人，但学界学者通常对这样一种观点持怀疑态度：音乐里或许存在某种超越文化界限的普适性东西。A. universal普适的；B. similar相似的；C. elegant优雅的；D. innovative创新的。根据下文“music does indeed ____ the communication of simple ideas between people even when they have no language in common.”可知，下文研究探讨音乐能否跨越文化，对应超越文化边界、共通普适的特质。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而这份怀疑或许毫无根据，哈佛大学的两位学者发表在《当代生物学》上的研究证明，即使人们没有共同语言，音乐确实能够促成简单想法的交流。A. weaken削弱；B. teach教；C. explain解释；D. permit使成为可能、允许。根据下文“even when they have no language in common”可知，音乐可以让互不理解语言的人传递简单想法。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：该音乐集收录了多种多样的文化与语言，志愿者背景也各不相同，梅尔博士和辛格先生有理由确信听众既不熟悉这些乐曲，也看不懂相关歌词。A. concealed隐藏；B. instructed指导；C. arranged安排；D. represented代表。根据上文“To confirm this, the two researchers recruited 750 online volunteers from 60 countries. They played these volunteers 36 musical pieces, each 14 seconds long, and each drawn at random from one of 118 songs in a collection of the music of small-scale societies around the world.”可知，各类文化语言在曲库中被收录、代表呈现。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该音乐集收录了多种多样的文化与语言，志愿者背景也各不相同，梅尔博士和辛格先生有理由确信听众既不熟悉这些乐曲，也看不懂相关歌词。A. unpopular不受欢迎的；B. unfamiliar不熟悉的；C. dissatisfied不满意的；D. disconnected断开的。根据下文“music and unable to understand the lyrics in question”可知，实验要排除熟悉乐曲带来的干扰，听众对曲子陌生。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：每首乐曲播放完毕后，研究人员询问志愿者认为这首歌的功能是什么，并让他们用一到六分标注自己的确信程度。A. origin起源；B. rhythm节奏；C. function功能；D. relevance关联。结合后文列出的用途以及“of a song’s function”可知，询问歌曲的作用功能。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：其中前四项是真实功能，由采集歌曲的当地人所说明。A. consumed消耗；B. controlled控制；C. excluded排除；D. stated说明、陈述。根据下文“by the people from whom the song in question”可知，这些用途是当地人陈述说明的。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：最后两项是编造出来的，用来作为干扰选项。A. taken off起飞；B. made up编造；C. looked into调查；D. set about着手。根据下文“and were included as foils (陪衬者)”可知，最后两项用来充当陪衬干扰项，是虚构编造的。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：梅尔博士与辛格先生发现，志愿者对歌曲功能的感知大多和歌曲真实功能吻合，只有一个例外。A. perceptions感知、看法；B. experiences经历；C. memories记忆；D. methods方法。根据下文“of a song’s function were generally in good agreement”可知，志愿者听完之后形成的看法感知。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：舞曲尤其容易识别。A. hard困难的；B. necessary必要的；C. inadequate不足的；D. easy容易的。结合后文“They rated 2.18 points higher on the certainty scale as being used “for dancing” than lullabies (摇篮曲) did; 1.38 points higher than love songs; and 1.09 points higher than healing songs.”提到舞曲在确信度上得分更高，说明更容易分辨。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意：与之类似，摇篮曲被判定用来安抚婴儿的得分，比舞曲高1.53分，比疗愈歌曲高1.42分，比情歌高1.19分。A. Similarly类似地；B. Consequently因此；C. Instead相反；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据上文“They rated 2.18 points higher on the certainty scale as being used “for dancing” than lullabies (摇篮曲) did; 1.38 points higher than love songs; and 1.09 points higher than healing songs.”可知，前面讲舞曲好识别，这里并列说明摇篮曲也容易被识别，是同类对比。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：疗愈歌曲区分度就要弱一些。A. troublesome难处理的；B. distinguishable可区分的；C. pleasant令人愉快的；D. theoretical理论上的。根据下文“They scored only 0.47 and 0.31 points higher than dance and love songs respectively for “to heal illness”, and were statistically indistinguishable from lullabies.”可知，疗愈歌曲和摇篮曲在统计学上难以区分，说明它的辨识度有限，比较难分辨。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是例外情况是情歌。A. agreement一致；B. exception例外；C. mission任务；D. pattern模式。根据下文“Listeners could distinguish them from healing songs, but not from lullabies or dance songs.”可知，听众无法把情歌和摇篮曲、舞曲区分开，情歌是识别上的例外。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：情歌难以识别的原因尚不明确。A. different不同的；B. certain确定的；C. unclear不清楚的；D. abnormal反常的。根据下文“Because such songs involve showing off to the object of one’s affections, they may require more creativity,”可知，只是给出猜想，没有定论，原因不清楚。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：因为情歌要向爱慕对象展示自己，可能需要更多创意，所以相比摇篮曲、舞曲会产生更多变化。A. energy能量；B. variety多样性、变化；C. interest兴趣；D. profit收益。根据上文“they may require more creativity”可知，创意多带来更多不一样的表现形式，也就是多样性。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：或许浪漫场景里既有舞蹈又有柔声低语这件事，把听众弄糊涂了。A. satisfied使满意；B. disappointed使失望；C. confused使困惑；D. relieved使宽慰。根据上文“ both dancing and cooing (温柔地说话) are involved in romance ”可知，听众难以分辨情歌，是被这些元素混淆了。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The last time the horse seriously competed with man-made transport for speed was 1830, when a stagecoach won a race against America’s first domestically manufactured steam locomotive (蒸汽机车). Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection. The contest over the gently rolling hills of the Sauerland, a pretty district in western Germany, started as a joke. Klaus-Peter Kappest, a photographer from Oberkirchen, had been frustrated for years by the slow pace of his uploads. At 15 megabits (比特,一种信息量单位) per second, it sometimes takes him several hours to send a batch of high-resolution images to his clients. One day Mr Kappest, 52, was chatting to his colleagues at Woll, a local magazine. He suggested that he would be better off delivering his photographs by horse. “That was the most reliable communications technology in the Middle Ages,” he said. “And the editor said, ‘Well let’s do it then, let’s see which is truly faster.” Mr Kappest turned to Jakob Schutte, a rider who lives in the same village, and Favo, his horse. The photographer burnt 4.2GB of images on to a DVD, packed it into a bag and sent it off with Favo and Mr Schutte on the 10km ride to the printer’s office in Schmallenberg. At the same time he uploaded the data through WeTransfer, a popular file-sharing service. The computer had a 20-minute head start while Mr Schutte started off down the road, past Wilzenberg mountain. Favo made the journey in 104 minutes. The file transfer, however, was not finished until the horse had returned to Oberkirchen more than two hours later. In total it took five hours. There was a serious point behind the story. Germany has long been known for its poor broadband and mobile internet coverage, particularly in the countryside. Two years ago a report by a network regulator found that 29 per cent of internet users received less than half the speed to which they were contractually entitled. While things have improved, a global survey carried out this year found that it took on average 16 minutes and eight seconds to download a 5GB film through a German internet connection—a little better than the UK but worse than Puerto Rico and Barbados. In the Sauerland, Mr Kappest’s area, millions of euros have been spent on a new network but the connections have yet to be switched on in dozens of towns and villages, including Oberkirchen. The horse race did its job: Mr Kappest has since been assured that his broadband will be up and running next month. 36. The story of a stagecoach is mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to _______. A. lead in the topic B. introduce a new race C. highlight a historical year D. correct people’s misunderstanding 37. Which of the following is true of Jakob Schutte and his horse? A. They were hired by WeTransfer. B. They used to live in Schmallenberg. C. They completed the task in less than two hours. D. They spent five hours on the way to Oberkirchen. 38. Which of the following is a consequence of the horse race? A. Germany will realize its poor broadband service. B. Mr Kappest will soon have a better internet connection. C. More euros will be spent on the new network in the Sauerland. D. Oberkirchen will be the first in Germany to stop any horse race, 39. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage? A. Germany falls behind in wifi connection B. History hardly repeats itself in normal ways C. Uploading photographs in a modern world is all that easy D. Horse power still has an advantage in race with village wifi 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一场通过赛马进行网速比拼的比赛，介绍了经过以及背后存在的网速问题。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The last time the horse seriously competed with man-made transport for speed was 1830, when a stagecoach won a race against America’s first domestically manufactured steam locomotive (蒸汽机车).(上一次马与人造交通工具在速度上的激烈竞争是在1830年，当时一辆公共马车赢得了与美国第一辆国产蒸汽机车的比赛)”以及第二段“Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.(现在，“马”战胜了理论上强大得多的对手——宽带互联网连接)”可推知，第一段提到公共马车的故事主要是为了引出话题。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Favo made the journey in 104 minutes.(Favo只用了104分钟就走完了全程)”可知，C选项“他们在不到两个小时内完成了任务”正确。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The horse race did its job: Mr Kappest has since been assured that his broadband will be up and running next month.(这场“赛马”起到了它的作用：从那以后，Kappest先生得到了保证，他的宽带将于下个月投入使用)”可知，比赛结果是Kappest先生很快就会有更好的网络连接。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.(现在，“马”战胜了理论上强大得多的对手——宽带互联网连接)”结合文章主要说明了一场通过赛马进行网速比拼的比赛，介绍了经过以及背后存在的网速问题。可知，D选项“在与乡村wifi的比赛中，马力仍然有优势”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （B） To access new mates and food sources, wild mammals (哺乳动物) must often move between protected areas. Conservationists have long advocated designating (指定) “wild-life corridors” to make this easier and safer — but the most crucial routes' locations, and whether conditions within them support or harm these journeys, have been largely unknown until now. A recent study found that more than 65 percent of such passages where movements are most concentrated remain unprotected. Reducing certain human pressures, the study authors note, could be even more effective at boosting connections than adding protected territory between existing refuges. The scientists examined data on the movements of 624 individual mammals from 48 species, from South American jaguars to African giraffes, using a methodology called circuit theory to create a global map of pathways between protected areas. Most previous studies simply evaluated whether these areas were connected at all. The new study also examined conditions along these mammal pathways, including routes through land used by humans for homes, crops, or forestry. The team then evaluated whether protected areas were well connected to or isolated from others. “We need to maintain those populations and make sure that protected areas don't become islands in sea of human land uses.” says University of British Columbia conservation scientist Angela Brennan, the study's lead author. 40. The study introduced in the passage is different from most previous studies in ________. A. who is engaged B. what is evaluated C. how many species are examined D. why the study is conducted 41. What conclusion has been drawn from the study? A. Existing mammal refuges are not well protected due to insufficient data. B. It is necessary to designate more “wild-life corridors” for wild mammals. C. Most of the protected areas for mammals have become “isolated islands” D. The less human footprint, the more mammal movement in the pathways. 42. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Human activities have caused protected areas to become isolated. B. Mammal populations have been well-maintained in all refuges. C. Adding protected territory is the most effective way to protect mammals. D. The study failed to examine the conditions of the pathways. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了一项新研究分析哺乳动物迁徙通道，对比以往研究，它不仅看连通性，还考察通道环境；减轻人类干扰比新增保护区更利于物种交流，要防止保护区在人类用地中沦为孤岛。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Most previous studies simply evaluated whether these areas were connected at all.(大多数以往的研究只是简单评估这些保护区之间是否连通。)”以及第三段“The new study also examined conditions along these mammal pathways, including routes through land used by humans for homes, crops, or forestry.(这项新研究还考察了哺乳动物迁徙通道沿线的环境，包括穿过住宅、农田或是林业用地的路线。)”可知，这项新研究和以往大部分研究的不同之处在于评估的内容不一样。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Reducing certain human pressures, the study authors note, could be even more effective at boosting connections than adding protected territory between existing refuges.(该研究的作者指出，减轻某些人类带来的压力，比起在现有保护区之间新增保护区域，能更有效地提升连通性。)”可知，人类活动干扰越少，通道里哺乳动物的迁徙活动就越多。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“We need to maintain those populations and make sure that protected areas don't become islands in sea of human land uses.(我们需要维持这些种群，确保保护区不会在人类用地的海洋中变成孤岛。)”可知，人类活动会造成保护区彼此隔离。 （C） A generation understandably frightened by “adulting” may well welcome the linguistic (语言的) comfort food of childlike language. And once established, the habit can easily make the jump to those of us more advanced in years. After all, a kid is inside every one of us, and few people are resistant to the infectiousness of creativity. Young people are the primary drivers of language change, but even we “olds” — as the young are used to putting it — like to change things up now and then. As new slang creeps across generational divides, however, it inevitably stirs up people’s deepest linguistic anxieties. Does the new trend of kidspeak represent a dumbing-down of the English language? Just the opposite: with the rise of kidspeak, we are actually witnessing English’s enrichment. It has long been ordinary for one language to borrow from another, and even from a dialect of the same language: Black English has lent mainstream English words like diss and the “angry” meaning of salty. Kidspeak extends our word stock in exactly the same way that Old Norse, French, and Latin once did. On the internet, for example, kidspeak refers to a “smol kitty” and a “smol baby,” but not a “smol mailbox” or “smol Blu-ray player.” Smol, then, is not merely a way of spelling small, but a more specific term referring to cuteness. Just missing out on becoming Word of the Year at the American Dialect Society’s 2019 meeting was yeet, seemingly meant to imitate the sound of something being thrown into a container or through a net (and often pronounced with a celebratory gesture to that effect). One now speaks of “yeeting” an empty can into the trash, and the word has even developed an irregular past-tense form, yote. We have kidspeak to thank for introducing these new layers of playfulness into our vocabulary. English today is arguably more fertile than it’s been since Shakespeare’s time, and those worried about the novelty of kidspeak might consider that not so long ago pedants (顽固派) were insisting the proper person should say “bal-coh-nee” for balcony, stamp out “nonwords” such as standpoint, and use obnoxious to mean “Tripe for injury.” Their arguments failed miserably when presented to everyday speakers, who tend to have good intuition about how language should work. Amid today’s news cycles, the emergence of kidspeak is something to celebrate. This new slang is a totally natural and endlessly witty collective advancement of the American idiom. It makes for more interesting talk. I, at least, am glad to be living with the English of right now, surrounded by all the new words. 43. According to the speaker, what does the popularity of childlike language reflect? A. Old people’s increasing anxieties. B. People’s reluctance to growing up. C. Young people’s resistance to changes. D. The deepening of generational divides. 44. The example of “smol’” is intended to ________. A. form a sharp contrast with the word “yeet” B. illustrate that kidspeak enriches the English language C. reveal how new words are loaned from other languages D. remind readers that many English words are borrowed words 45. Which of the following statements about kidspeak is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Kidspeak does more good than harm to English. B. Kidspeak is not all playful as commonly thought. C. Kidspeak was awarded 2019’s Word of the Year. D. Kidspeak is regarded as something overestimated. 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The emergence of kidspeak is the result of linguists’ collective wisdom. B. The English language hasn’t changed much since Shakespeare’s time. C. The development of English depends mainly on everyday speakers. D. The advancement of the American idiom contributes to kidspeak. 【答案】43. B 44. B 45. A 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述由于成年人越来越多地在他们的谈话中穿插一些儿童的语言而孕育出的一种语体风格——儿童语，随着儿童语的兴起，我们实际上正在见证英语的丰富。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A generation understandably frightened by ‘adulting’ may well welcome the linguistic (语言的) comfort food of childlike language. (这一代年轻人对‘成年’这个概念感到恐惧是可以理解的，正因如此，他们很有可能欣然接受儿童化的语言这种语言层面的安慰食物)”可知，年轻人对“成年”这一概念感到恐惧，所以会接受儿童化的语言作为语言层面的安慰，故儿童化语言的流行反映了人们不愿意长大。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。第二段中“Kidspeak extends our word stock in exactly the same way that Old Norse, French, and Latin once did.(儿童语以与古斯堪的纳维亚语、法语和拉丁语完全相同的方式扩展了我们的词汇)”提到儿童语扩展了我们的词汇，下文“On the internet, for example, kidspeak refers to a ‘smol kitty’ and a ‘smol baby,’ but not a ‘smol mailbox’ or ‘smol Blu-ray player.’ Smol, then, is not merely a way of spelling small, but a more specific term referring to cuteness. (例如，在互联网上，儿童用语指的是‘小猫咪’和‘小婴儿’，而不是‘小邮箱’或‘小蓝光播放器’。因此，Smol不仅仅是‘小’的一种拼写方式，而是一个更具体的术语，指的是可爱)”是举例证实上述观点，说明儿童语丰富了英语这门语言，故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Does the new trend of kidspeak represent a dumbing-down of the English language? Just the opposite: with the rise of kidspeak, we are actually witnessing English’s enrichment. (儿童语言的新趋势是否代表了英语的低能化？恰恰相反：随着儿童语的兴起，我们实际上正在见证英语的丰富)”以及最后一段“Amid today’s news cycles, the emergence of kidspeak is something to celebrate. This new slang is a totally natural and endlessly witty collective advancement of the American idiom. It makes for more interesting talk. I, at least, am glad to be living with the English of right now, surrounded by all the new words. (在今天的新闻周期中，儿童语言的出现是值得庆祝的。这个新俚语是对美国习语的一种完全自然的、无限机智的集体进步。这会使谈话更有趣。至少，我很高兴能和现在的英语生活在一起，被所有的新词包围着)”可知，儿童语对英语利大于弊。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This new slang is a totally natural and endlessly witty collective advancement of the American idiom. (这个新俚语是对美国习语的一种完全自然的、无限机智的集体进步)”可知，儿童语是对美国习语的一种完全自然的、无限机智的集体进步，故可推知，美国习语的进步促进了儿童语的发展，故选D。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Internet’s Largest Encyclopaedia (百科全书) Being the founder of the Internet’s largest encyclopaedia means Jimmy Wales gets a lot of strange emails. But the emails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who’ve just discovered they have total freedom to edit a Wikipedia entry at the click of a button. ____47____ Wikipedia is a free open-source encyclopaedia, which basically means that anyone can log on. An Encyclopaedia Britannica and add to it or edit it. And they do. ____48____ Academics are upset. Editor once compared Wikipedia to a public toilet seat because you don’t know who used it last. Loyal users claim that cooperation improves articles over time. But what exactly is a wiki and how does it work? Wikis are simple pieces of software that you can download for free. ____49____ Need to solve a business problem overnight and all the members of your team are in different time zones? Start a wiki. And the name? Believe it or not, the name came about because the inventor of the wiki had his honeymoon in Hawaii，where you catch the ‘wiki wiki’ (quick) bus from the airport. Anyway, years ago, Jimmy Wales was looking for a way to combine his two major hobbies: reading the Encyclopaedia Britannica and surfing the Internet. “I met all these great people online,” he says, “and we were all discussing things on mailing lists no one ever looks at. I thought, why not build something long-lasting, more fun and entertaining?” Ah, fun. ____50____ Options and futures trading, which he did in Chicago in the 1990s, was “fun and cool”. Quitting his job to start an Internet company? Delightful. Paying the mortgage purely from investments? Fantastic. And Wikipedia’s growth? Simply amazing. A. It has 1.5 million entries in seventy-six languages - and counting. B. The wide-open nature of the Internet encourages people to disregard the importance of professionalism. C. They know you could confirm anything you like by adding it yourself. D. You then use them to set up a website that can be edited by anyone you like. E. “Oh,” they write, “you’ve got a major security issue.” F. Spend enough time talking to Wales and you’ll believe his life has been one long series of laughter. 【答案】47. E 48. C 49. D 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍维基百科创始人Jimmy Wales，讲述维基百科开放编辑的特点、维基软件的含义、名称由来以及他出于兴趣创办维基百科的经历。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Being the founder of the Internet’s largest encyclopaedia means Jimmy Wales gets a lot of strange emails. But the emails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who’ve just discovered they have total freedom to edit a Wikipedia entry at the click of a button.(身为互联网上最大百科全书的创始人，吉米・威尔士会收到许多奇怪的邮件。但那些让他放声大笑的邮件，来自忧心忡忡的新用户——他们刚刚发现，只需点击一下按钮，就可以自由编辑维基百科的词条)”可知，空前提到刚发现可一键编辑维基百科条目的新用户发来的邮件让Jimmy Wales大笑，E选项的邮件内容“他们写道：‘哦，你们有严重的安全问题’”承接前文的“奇怪邮件”，逻辑连贯。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Wikipedia is a free open-source encyclopaedia, which basically means that anyone can log on. An Encyclopaedia Britannica and add to it or edit it. And they do.(维基百科是免费的开源百科全书，简单来说，任何人都可以登录、增补或者编辑词条，而且人们确实会这么做)”以及后文“Academics are upset. Editor once compared Wikipedia to a public toilet seat because you don’t know who used it last.(学术界人士对此十分不满，一名编辑甚至把维基百科比作公共马桶，因为你根本不知道上一个使用它的人是谁)”可知，前文提到维基百科是一个免费的开源百科，任何人都可以登录后对词条进行补充、编辑，紧接着后文提到学术界人士对此十分不满，大英百科全书的一名编辑甚至把维基百科比作公共马桶，因为你根本不知道上一个使用它的人是谁。C选项“他们知道你完全可以自行添加内容，把任何自己喜欢的说法都坐实”完美承接了前文“人人可自由编辑维基百科”的特性，同时顺理成章地引出后文专业人士对维基内容严谨性的质疑、嘲讽态度，上下文逻辑链条完全通顺。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Loyal users claim that cooperation improves articles over time. But what exactly is a wiki and how does it work? Wikis are simple pieces of software that you can download for free.(忠实用户称，众人协作会慢慢优化词条。但维基到底是什么，又如何运作？维基是可以免费下载的简易软件)”以及后文“Need to solve a business problem overnight and all the members of your team are in different time zones? Start a wiki. And the name? Believe it or not, the name came about because the inventor of the wiki had his honeymoon in Hawaii, where you catch the ‘wiki wiki’ (quick) bus from the airport.(需要连夜解决业务问题，而团队成员分布在不同时区？那就搭建一个维基。那这个名字从何而来？信不信由你，维基这个名字的由来，是维基软件的发明者在夏威夷度蜜月时，在机场搭乘了名叫 “wiki wiki”（意为快速）的巴士)”可知，空前提到维基是可免费下载的简单软件，D选项“你可以用它们搭建一个允许任意指定人员编辑的网站”承接软件的用途，和后文举例的跨时区团队用维基解决问题的场景呼应。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Anyway, years ago, Jimmy Wales was looking for a way to combine his two major hobbies: reading the Encyclopaedia Britannica and surfing the Internet. “I met all these great people online,” he says, “and we were all discussing things on mailing lists no one ever looks at. I thought, why not build something long-lasting, more fun and entertaining?” Ah, fun.(话说回来，多年以前，吉米・威尔士想找到一种方式，把自己两大爱好结合起来：阅读《大英百科全书》和网上冲浪。“我在网上认识了很多很棒的人，” 他说，“我们都在没人看的邮件列表里讨论各种事情。我当时想，为什么不打造一个持久、更有趣、更好玩的东西呢？” 啊，乐趣)”以及后文“Options and futures trading, which he did in Chicago in the 1990s, was “fun and cool”. Quitting his job to start an Internet company? Delightful. Paying the mortgage purely from investments? Fantastic. And Wikipedia’s growth? Simply amazing.(他20世纪90年代在芝加哥做期权期货交易时，觉得这件事 “好玩又很酷”。辞职创办互联网公司？令人开心。单凭投资收入偿还房贷？妙极了。而维基百科的发展？简直令人惊叹)”可知，空前后都围绕Jimmy Wales对“乐趣”的相关表述展开，F选项“和Wales聊得久一点，你会觉得他的人生就是一连串的欢乐”引出后文他过往经历都充满愉悦感的内容，衔接自然。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can Big Tech Be Contained? From the moment Alexa wakes us up in the morning, through to Google recording our every search query, to Facebook feeding us a diet of what our friends are up to, our lives are increasingly in the hands of just four companies: Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple. Every day, they get to decide what we see, hear and experience in a way that no other companies in history have before. For example, on the average Facebook feed, there are reportedly up to 1500 things that Facebook could show us at any one time: Baby photos posted by your cousin, news articles, your friends arguing about politics and so on. So to make this manageable, Facebook uses an algorithm to choose what it thinks we most want to see. We don’t know in any detail how such algorithms work. In fact we can’t know, as these are the “secret sauce” that have made the platforms, like Facebook, so successful, and so powerful. Okay, so these four companies are powerful now. So what? Inevitably in the cut-throat world of business, it’s only a matter of time until another company invents a better product, and shakes up the tech industry again, right? Not necessarily. What makes these four companies slightly different to what has come before them, even when compared to enormous oil companies or banks, is that the tech firms are able to take advantage of the power of “network” effects, which well protects their position. Facebook is once again a particularly good example of this. What makes Facebook useful is that all of your friends are there. If another company created something better than Facebook, it would be hard for it to gain a foothold because, ultimately, everyone you know is already on Facebook. Sadly, there are no easy ways to make Big Tech less, well, big. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Four tech giants control what we see and experience daily through secret algorithms. Their dominance is heavily protected by the ‌“network effect.” For instance, users stay on Facebook because everyone they know is there. Consequently, even if better products emerge, it is extremely difficult to replace or contain these powerful companies. 【解析】 【导语】文章指出四大科技巨头通过秘密算法控制我们的日常所见所感，并借助“网络效应”牢固维持其主导地位，难以被取代或遏制。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①From the moment Alexa wakes us up in the morning, through to Google recording our every search query, to Facebook feeding us a diet of what our friends are up to, our lives are increasingly in the hands of just four companies: Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple. ②Every day, they get to decide what we see, hear and experience in a way that no other companies in history have before. ③So to make this manageable, Facebook uses an algorithm to choose what it thinks we most want to see. ④We don’t know in any detail how such algorithms work. ⑤In fact we can’t know, as these are the ‌“secret sauce” that have made the platforms, like Facebook, so successful, and so powerful. ⑥What makes these four companies slightly different to what has come before them, even when compared to enormous oil companies or banks, is that the tech firms are able to take advantage of the power of ‌“network” effects, which well protects their position. ⑦What makes Facebook useful is that all of your friends are there. ⑧If another company created something better than Facebook, it would be hard for it to gain a foothold because, ultimately, everyone you know is already on Facebook. ⑨Sadly, there are no easy ways to make Big Tech less, well, big. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点整合，说明四大科技巨头通过秘密算法决定我们每天看到和体验的内容；将第6、7、8三个要点整合，说明“网络效应”牢固保护其地位，以Facebook为例说明用户因朋友都在而难以离开；第9个要点作结论，指出难以遏制这些巨头。 3. 遣词造句 Four tech giants control what we see and experience daily through secret algorithms. Their dominance is heavily protected by the ‌“network effect.” For instance, users stay on Facebook because everyone they know is there. Consequently, even if better products emerge, it is extremely difficult to replace or contain these powerful companies. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Four tech giants control what we see and experience daily through secret algorithms. (运用了what引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] For instance, users stay on Facebook because everyone they know is there. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句和省略关系词的定语从句) [高分句型3] Consequently, even if better products emerge, it is extremely difficult to replace or contain these powerful companies. (运用了even if引导的让步状语从句) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这里储存的电可供一个家庭不间断地使用近20年。(use)（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The electricity stored here can be continuously used by a family for nearly two decades. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实，全句使用一般现在时；表示“这里储存的电”为主语，其中“电”为electricity，“储存的”作后置定语修饰electricity，electricity与store之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词stored，“这里”为here，所以主语译为The electricity stored here；表示“可供……使用”为can be used，此处使用情态动词的被动语态；表示“不间断地”为continuously，作状语修饰动词used；表示“被一个家庭”为by a family；表示“近20年”为for nearly two decades，作时间状语。 53. 无论是企业，还是个人，都能感受到这座城市的热情与开放。（Both）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Both enterprises and individuals can feel the enthusiasm and openness of this city. 【解析】 【详解】根据题干给出的提示词Both可知，“无论是……还是……”用固定搭配Both...and...，表示两者都涵盖的范围；“企业”表达为可数名词复数enterprises，表泛指；“个人”表达为可数名词复数individuals，表泛指；“能”用情态动词can；“感受到”用感官系动词feel；“热情与开放”表达为抽象名词短语enthusiasm and openness；“这座城市的”表达为the...of this city。本句表述的是客观存在的普遍感受，使用一般现在时，主语由Both...and...连接两个并列复数名词，情态动词can后接动词原形，符合英文表达习惯。 54. 这部话剧力求给现场观众带来不同于读小说或看电影的体验。(effort) （汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This stage play is making great efforts to bring the live audience a different experience from reading a novel or watching a movie. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是这部话剧目前正在努力呈现的效果，全句使用现在进行时；表示“这部话剧”为This stage play作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“力求”为make efforts to do sth.，此处使用进行时态并加上形容词great表示“极力/力求”，主语This stage play为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词译为is making；表示“给现场观众带来不同于读小说或看电影的体验”为目的状语，使用动词不定式to bring；其中“给某人带来某物”为bring sb. sth.，“现场观众”为the live audience，“体验”为experience，“不同于读小说或看电影的”作后置定语修饰experience，“不同”为different，与介词from搭配，后跟动名词作宾语，“读小说”为reading a novel，“看电影”为watching a movie，所以不定式部分译为to bring the live audience a different experience from reading a novel or watching a movie。 55. 弹窗广告对人们及时接收信息有一定帮助，但海量的弹窗会影响大家的上网冲浪体验，对人们造成困扰。(helpful) （汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Pop-up ads are helpful to a certain extent in enabling people to receive information in time, but too many pop-ups will affect their experience of surfing online and cause them trouble. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句包含转折关系，前半句描述客观事实使用一般现在时，后半句描述将会产生的影响使用一般将来时；表示“弹窗广告”为Pop-up ads作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“对……有一定帮助”为be helpful to a certain extent in doing sth.，主语为复数，be动词使用are，表示“一定”理解为“一定程度上”为to a certain extent ，所以前半句谓语部分译为are helpful to a certain extent in；表示“使人们能够及时接收信息”为enable people to receive information in time，作介词in的宾语，需使用动名词形式enabling；表示“但”为连词but，连接两个并列分句；表示“海量的弹窗”为too many pop-ups作后半句主语；表示“会影响大家的上网冲浪体验”为will affect their experience of surfing online，其中“上网冲浪”为surf online，作介词of的宾语需使用动名词形式surfing；表示“对人们造成困扰”为cause them trouble，与affect并列作谓语，所以使用动词原形cause。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王林的邮件。在邮件中，他提到希望自己可以合理管理手机使用，但是发现自己在手机使用上缺乏自制力，希望你可以给他一点这方面的建议。回复他一封邮件，内容须包括：1)你的建议； 2)你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Wang Lin, I hope this email finds you well. I fully understand your concerns about smartphone usage, which troubles many high school students. Here is some practical advice to help you improve self-control. First, set clear boundaries for phone use. Keep your phone away while studying or sleeping, and use screen time limits and app trackers to avoid distraction. Second, find out time-wasting apps and delete or limit them to spare time for meaningful work. Lastly, take up phone-free hobbies like sports, reading or creative activities to reduce your dependence on the phone. The key is balance. If you follow these tips, you can manage your phone better and make good use of your time. I believe you can succeed. Let’s keep in touch soon. Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给好友王林提出建议，他发现自己在手机使用上缺乏自制力，对此给出你的建议以及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 充分利用：make good use of → take full advantage of 减少：reduce → diminish 建议：advice → proposal 空闲时间：spare time → leisure time 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Lastly, take up phone-free hobbies like sports, reading or creative activities to reduce your dependence on the phone. 拓展句：Lastly, you can take up phone-free hobbies like sports, reading or creative activities, which help reduce your dependence on the phone. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I fully understand your concerns about smartphone usage, which troubles many high school students.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】If you follow these tips, you can manage your phone better and make good use of your time.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科10月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Two Trips Artur: Route 66 Growing up in Hungary in the 70s, Route 66 was like a mythical highway. The Rolling Stones’ version of the song was very popular back then and I knew the lyrics (歌词) by heart. Ever since then, I ____1____ (want) to drive it — and last year my dream finally came true. To celebrate our 50th birthdays, I flew to Chicago with an old friend, Attila. We then hired a car and set off for LA — more than 2000 miles away! We hadn’t done much research ____2____ we left - and soon discovered that the road is no longer really in use! Its peak years were the 1930s through to the 60s and since then it’s fallen into disrepair. As a result, much of the journey was quite bumpy; we went through some really out-of-the-way places — and got ____3____ (lose) quite a bit as well! We drove through some really boring scenery — mile after mile of farmland - and, of course, we had the occasional quarrel. Spending all that time together meant they were bound ____4____ (happen)! Having said that, though, we ended up better friends than ever. Felix: The Trans — Siberian Railway I’m studying Chinese at university and last year I went to Beijing. I’ve always loved trains, so I decided to go across Russia on the Trans-Siberian express. I had wanted to travel alone as my image of group tours is middle-aged people ____5____ (follow) a guide around like a group of sheep. However, other people advised ____6____ travelling independently and the Vodkatrain group tour turned out to be quite different from the usual tour. There were only eight of us — all in ____7____ twenties. I guess being stuck on a train for hours day after day you either end up bonding or wanted to kill each other and luckily we formed a strange bond. The guides in the cities we stopped off at were local students who gave us useful information about ____8____ most tourists don’t go. Their friends even came along sometimes, so not only ____9____ we pass through some amazing countryside, but we also met some remarkable people. There were many highlights, among ____10____ Lake Baikal was the best. It’s this vast expanse of incredibly pure water and the whole area is almost untouched by the modern world. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. broadened B. completely C. comprehensive D. concerned E. consistent F. expansion G. involved H. limitation I. predicted J. sociality K. ultimately Sea Smarts Killer whales have group-specific dialects, sperm whales babysit one another’s young and bottlenose dolphins cooperate with other species. These social skills are all closely linked with their brain sizes, according to a recent study. Scientists first proposed a relation between social living and brain ____11____ nearly three decades ago, when they observed that primate (灵长类) species with larger brains typically lived in bigger groups. This theory was later ____12____ to associate brain size with other social characteristics, such as resolving conflicts and distributing food. Michael Muthukrishna, an economic psychologist at the London School of Economics, and his colleagues went searching for a similar link between big brains and ____13____ in cetaceans (鲸目动物). They collected a(n) ____14____ data set of cetacean brain and body mass, group size and social characteristics. The team’s analyses, which covered 90 species, revealed that brain size was best ____15____ by a score based on various social behaviors such as cooperation with other species, group hunting and complex vocalizations. Bigger brains were also linked to other factors, including dietary richness and geographical range. The authors say these results are ____16____ with theories that cetaceans developed large brains to deal with the challenges of living in information-rich social environments. Yet Muthukrishna notes that his study’s main ____17____ is the lack of available research on many cetacean species. Discovering more about whales and dolphins could reveal that other factors — such as life span and the duration of the young-age phase — might also be ____18____ in brain size, he adds. Understanding how cetaceans developed such big brains could ____19____ help us piece together humanity’s own evolutionary history. Because these animals occupy a(n) _____20_____ different environment than people do, Muthukrishna says, “they provide us with a useful control group for testing hypotheses (假设) about human evolution.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Where words fail, music speaks.” Though these words, from the pen of Hans Christian Andersen, are appealing, the idea that there might be something ____21____ in music which go beyond cultural boundaries has generally been met with doubt by scholars working in the field. That doubt may, however, be groundless, for research published in Current Biology this week by Samuel Mehr and Manvir Singh of Harvard University provides evidence that music does indeed ____22____ the communication of simple ideas between people even when they have no language in common. To confirm this, the two researchers recruited 750 online volunteers from 60 countries. They played these volunteers 36 musical pieces, each 14 seconds long, and each drawn at random from one of 118 songs in a collection of the music of small-scale societies around the world. Given the broad range of cultures and languages ____23____ in the collection, and the diversity of the volunteers, Dr Mehr and Mr Singh could be reasonably certain that those listening were both ____24____ with the music and unable to understand the lyrics (歌词) in question. After each piece had been played, volunteers were asked what they thought the song’s ____25____ was, and how sure they were of that on a scale of one to six. The possibilities offered were: “for dancing”; “for comforting a baby”; “for healing illness”; “for expressing love for another”; “for remembering the dead”; and “for telling a story”. The first four of these were real functions, as ____26____ by the people from whom the song in question had been collected. The last two were ____27____, and were included as foils (陪衬者). Dr Mehr and Mr. Singh found that volunteers’ ____28____ of a song’s function were generally in good agreement with its actual function — with one exception. Dance songs were particularly ____29____ to identify. They rated 2.18 points higher on the certainty scale as being used “for dancing” than lullabies (摇篮曲) did; 1.38 points higher than love songs; and 1.09 points higher than healing songs. ____30____, lullabies were rated 1.53 points higher than dance songs as being “to comfort a baby”, 1.42 points higher than healing songs and 1.19 points higher than love songs. Healing songs proved a bit more ____31____. They scored only 0.47 and 0.31 points higher than dance and love songs respectively for “to heal illness”, and were statistically indistinguishable from lullabies. The ____32____, though, was love songs. Listeners could distinguish them from healing songs, but not from lullabies or dance songs. Why love songs were hard to identify is ____33____. Because such songs involve showing off to the object of one’s affections, they may require more creativity, and thus generate more ____34____ than lullabies or dance songs. Perhaps the fact that both dancing and cooing (温柔地说话) are involved in romance ____35____ listeners. Love songs aside, however, Andersen was clearly onto something. 21. A. universal B. similar C. elegant D. innovative 22. A. weaken B. teach C. explain D. permit 23. A. concealed B. instructed C. arranged D. represented 24. A. unpopular B. unfamiliar C. dissatisfied D. disconnected 25. A. origin B. rhythm C. function D. relevance 26. A. consumed B. controlled C. excluded D. stated 27. A. taken off B. made up C. looked into D. set about 28. A. perceptions B. experiences C. memories D. methods 29. A. hard B. necessary C. inadequate D. easy 30. A. Similarly B. Consequently C. Instead D. Fortunately 31. A. troublesome B. distinguishable C. pleasant D. theoretical 32. A. agreement B. exception C. mission D. pattern 33. A. different B. certain C. unclear D. abnormal 34. A. energy B. variety C. interest D. profit 35. A. satisfied B. disappointed C. confused D. relieved Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The last time the horse seriously competed with man-made transport for speed was 1830, when a stagecoach won a race against America’s first domestically manufactured steam locomotive (蒸汽机车). Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection. The contest over the gently rolling hills of the Sauerland, a pretty district in western Germany, started as a joke. Klaus-Peter Kappest, a photographer from Oberkirchen, had been frustrated for years by the slow pace of his uploads. At 15 megabits (比特,一种信息量单位) per second, it sometimes takes him several hours to send a batch of high-resolution images to his clients. One day Mr Kappest, 52, was chatting to his colleagues at Woll, a local magazine. He suggested that he would be better off delivering his photographs by horse. “That was the most reliable communications technology in the Middle Ages,” he said. “And the editor said, ‘Well let’s do it then, let’s see which is truly faster.” Mr Kappest turned to Jakob Schutte, a rider who lives in the same village, and Favo, his horse. The photographer burnt 4.2GB of images on to a DVD, packed it into a bag and sent it off with Favo and Mr Schutte on the 10km ride to the printer’s office in Schmallenberg. At the same time he uploaded the data through WeTransfer, a popular file-sharing service. The computer had a 20-minute head start while Mr Schutte started off down the road, past Wilzenberg mountain. Favo made the journey in 104 minutes. The file transfer, however, was not finished until the horse had returned to Oberkirchen more than two hours later. In total it took five hours. There was a serious point behind the story. Germany has long been known for its poor broadband and mobile internet coverage, particularly in the countryside. Two years ago a report by a network regulator found that 29 per cent of internet users received less than half the speed to which they were contractually entitled. While things have improved, a global survey carried out this year found that it took on average 16 minutes and eight seconds to download a 5GB film through a German internet connection—a little better than the UK but worse than Puerto Rico and Barbados. In the Sauerland, Mr Kappest’s area, millions of euros have been spent on a new network but the connections have yet to be switched on in dozens of towns and villages, including Oberkirchen. The horse race did its job: Mr Kappest has since been assured that his broadband will be up and running next month. 36. The story of a stagecoach is mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to _______. A. lead in the topic B. introduce a new race C. highlight a historical year D. correct people’s misunderstanding 37. Which of the following is true of Jakob Schutte and his horse? A. They were hired by WeTransfer. B. They used to live in Schmallenberg. C. They completed the task in less than two hours. D. They spent five hours on the way to Oberkirchen. 38. Which of the following is a consequence of the horse race? A. Germany will realize its poor broadband service. B. Mr Kappest will soon have a better internet connection. C. More euros will be spent on the new network in the Sauerland. D. Oberkirchen will be the first in Germany to stop any horse race, 39. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage? A. Germany falls behind in wifi connection B. History hardly repeats itself in normal ways C. Uploading photographs in a modern world is all that easy D. Horse power still has an advantage in race with village wifi （B） To access new mates and food sources, wild mammals (哺乳动物) must often move between protected areas. Conservationists have long advocated designating (指定) “wild-life corridors” to make this easier and safer — but the most crucial routes' locations, and whether conditions within them support or harm these journeys, have been largely unknown until now. A recent study found that more than 65 percent of such passages where movements are most concentrated remain unprotected. Reducing certain human pressures, the study authors note, could be even more effective at boosting connections than adding protected territory between existing refuges. The scientists examined data on the movements of 624 individual mammals from 48 species, from South American jaguars to African giraffes, using a methodology called circuit theory to create a global map of pathways between protected areas. Most previous studies simply evaluated whether these areas were connected at all. The new study also examined conditions along these mammal pathways, including routes through land used by humans for homes, crops, or forestry. The team then evaluated whether protected areas were well connected to or isolated from others. “We need to maintain those populations and make sure that protected areas don't become islands in sea of human land uses.” says University of British Columbia conservation scientist Angela Brennan, the study's lead author. 40. The study introduced in the passage is different from most previous studies in ________. A. who is engaged B. what is evaluated C. how many species are examined D. why the study is conducted 41. What conclusion has been drawn from the study? A. Existing mammal refuges are not well protected due to insufficient data. B. It is necessary to designate more “wild-life corridors” for wild mammals. C. Most of the protected areas for mammals have become “isolated islands” D. The less human footprint, the more mammal movement in the pathways. 42. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Human activities have caused protected areas to become isolated. B. Mammal populations have been well-maintained in all refuges. C. Adding protected territory is the most effective way to protect mammals. D. The study failed to examine the conditions of the pathways. （C） A generation understandably frightened by “adulting” may well welcome the linguistic (语言的) comfort food of childlike language. And once established, the habit can easily make the jump to those of us more advanced in years. After all, a kid is inside every one of us, and few people are resistant to the infectiousness of creativity. Young people are the primary drivers of language change, but even we “olds” — as the young are used to putting it — like to change things up now and then. As new slang creeps across generational divides, however, it inevitably stirs up people’s deepest linguistic anxieties. Does the new trend of kidspeak represent a dumbing-down of the English language? Just the opposite: with the rise of kidspeak, we are actually witnessing English’s enrichment. It has long been ordinary for one language to borrow from another, and even from a dialect of the same language: Black English has lent mainstream English words like diss and the “angry” meaning of salty. Kidspeak extends our word stock in exactly the same way that Old Norse, French, and Latin once did. On the internet, for example, kidspeak refers to a “smol kitty” and a “smol baby,” but not a “smol mailbox” or “smol Blu-ray player.” Smol, then, is not merely a way of spelling small, but a more specific term referring to cuteness. Just missing out on becoming Word of the Year at the American Dialect Society’s 2019 meeting was yeet, seemingly meant to imitate the sound of something being thrown into a container or through a net (and often pronounced with a celebratory gesture to that effect). One now speaks of “yeeting” an empty can into the trash, and the word has even developed an irregular past-tense form, yote. We have kidspeak to thank for introducing these new layers of playfulness into our vocabulary. English today is arguably more fertile than it’s been since Shakespeare’s time, and those worried about the novelty of kidspeak might consider that not so long ago pedants (顽固派) were insisting the proper person should say “bal-coh-nee” for balcony, stamp out “nonwords” such as standpoint, and use obnoxious to mean “Tripe for injury.” Their arguments failed miserably when presented to everyday speakers, who tend to have good intuition about how language should work. Amid today’s news cycles, the emergence of kidspeak is something to celebrate. This new slang is a totally natural and endlessly witty collective advancement of the American idiom. It makes for more interesting talk. I, at least, am glad to be living with the English of right now, surrounded by all the new words. 43. According to the speaker, what does the popularity of childlike language reflect? A. Old people’s increasing anxieties. B. People’s reluctance to growing up. C. Young people’s resistance to changes. D. The deepening of generational divides. 44. The example of “smol’” is intended to ________. A. form a sharp contrast with the word “yeet” B. illustrate that kidspeak enriches the English language C. reveal how new words are loaned from other languages D. remind readers that many English words are borrowed words 45. Which of the following statements about kidspeak is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Kidspeak does more good than harm to English. B. Kidspeak is not all playful as commonly thought. C. Kidspeak was awarded 2019’s Word of the Year. D. Kidspeak is regarded as something overestimated. 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The emergence of kidspeak is the result of linguists’ collective wisdom. B. The English language hasn’t changed much since Shakespeare’s time. C. The development of English depends mainly on everyday speakers. D. The advancement of the American idiom contributes to kidspeak. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Internet’s Largest Encyclopaedia (百科全书) Being the founder of the Internet’s largest encyclopaedia means Jimmy Wales gets a lot of strange emails. But the emails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who’ve just discovered they have total freedom to edit a Wikipedia entry at the click of a button. ____47____ Wikipedia is a free open-source encyclopaedia, which basically means that anyone can log on. An Encyclopaedia Britannica and add to it or edit it. And they do. ____48____ Academics are upset. Editor once compared Wikipedia to a public toilet seat because you don’t know who used it last. Loyal users claim that cooperation improves articles over time. But what exactly is a wiki and how does it work? Wikis are simple pieces of software that you can download for free. ____49____ Need to solve a business problem overnight and all the members of your team are in different time zones? Start a wiki. And the name? Believe it or not, the name came about because the inventor of the wiki had his honeymoon in Hawaii，where you catch the ‘wiki wiki’ (quick) bus from the airport. Anyway, years ago, Jimmy Wales was looking for a way to combine his two major hobbies: reading the Encyclopaedia Britannica and surfing the Internet. “I met all these great people online,” he says, “and we were all discussing things on mailing lists no one ever looks at. I thought, why not build something long-lasting, more fun and entertaining?” Ah, fun. ____50____ Options and futures trading, which he did in Chicago in the 1990s, was “fun and cool”. Quitting his job to start an Internet company? Delightful. Paying the mortgage purely from investments? Fantastic. And Wikipedia’s growth? Simply amazing. A. It has 1.5 million entries in seventy-six languages - and counting. B. The wide-open nature of the Internet encourages people to disregard the importance of professionalism. C. They know you could confirm anything you like by adding it yourself. D. You then use them to set up a website that can be edited by anyone you like. E. “Oh,” they write, “you’ve got a major security issue.” F. Spend enough time talking to Wales and you’ll believe his life has been one long series of laughter. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can Big Tech Be Contained? From the moment Alexa wakes us up in the morning, through to Google recording our every search query, to Facebook feeding us a diet of what our friends are up to, our lives are increasingly in the hands of just four companies: Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple. Every day, they get to decide what we see, hear and experience in a way that no other companies in history have before. For example, on the average Facebook feed, there are reportedly up to 1500 things that Facebook could show us at any one time: Baby photos posted by your cousin, news articles, your friends arguing about politics and so on. So to make this manageable, Facebook uses an algorithm to choose what it thinks we most want to see. We don’t know in any detail how such algorithms work. In fact we can’t know, as these are the “secret sauce” that have made the platforms, like Facebook, so successful, and so powerful. Okay, so these four companies are powerful now. So what? Inevitably in the cut-throat world of business, it’s only a matter of time until another company invents a better product, and shakes up the tech industry again, right? Not necessarily. What makes these four companies slightly different to what has come before them, even when compared to enormous oil companies or banks, is that the tech firms are able to take advantage of the power of “network” effects, which well protects their position. Facebook is once again a particularly good example of this. What makes Facebook useful is that all of your friends are there. If another company created something better than Facebook, it would be hard for it to gain a foothold because, ultimately, everyone you know is already on Facebook. Sadly, there are no easy ways to make Big Tech less, well, big. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这里储存的电可供一个家庭不间断地使用近20年。(use)（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 无论是企业，还是个人，都能感受到这座城市的热情与开放。（Both）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 这部话剧力求给现场观众带来不同于读小说或看电影的体验。(effort) （汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 弹窗广告对人们及时接收信息有一定帮助，但海量的弹窗会影响大家的上网冲浪体验，对人们造成困扰。(helpful) （汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王林的邮件。在邮件中，他提到希望自己可以合理管理手机使用，但是发现自己在手机使用上缺乏自制力，希望你可以给他一点这方面的建议。回复他一封邮件，内容须包括：1)你的建议； 2)你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $