期中测试卷2026-2027学年沪教版八年级上册英语

深圳市沪教版（新版）八年级上册英语期中测试卷 参考答案与简要解析 一、参考答案 1. 完形填空（10分） 1. A　2. B　3. A　4. A　5. C　6. A　7. A　8. B　9. C　10. C 2. 阅读理解（22.5分） 11.B　12. B　13. B　14. A　15. A 1. B　17. A　18. A　19. A　20. B 2. A　22. B　23. B　24. A　25. C 3. 信息还原（10分） 1. C　27. A　28. E　29. B　30. D 4. 信息匹配（7.5分） 1. A　32. B　33. C　34. D　35. E 5. 语法填空（10分） 1. the most important　37. a　38. were　39. smaller　40. anywhere 2. their　42. carefully　43. up　44. everything　45. is used 二、各题简要解析 （一）完形填空 1. A 。电脑和互联网使学习变得更容易，much 后可接比较级 easier。 2. B 。share information with classmates 意为“与同学分享信息”。 3. A 。find out why... 表示“弄清楚为什么……”。 4. A 。book 是可数名词单数，且此处表示“一本关于交通史的书”，用 a。 5. C 。根据上下文可知，学生制作的是车轮模型，model 符合语境。 6. A 。好的发明通常从一个简单的问题开始，question 符合语境。 7. A 。想法失败时发明家不应放弃，give up 意为“放弃”。 8. B 。前后句是转折关系：电脑有用，但不能像人一样思考，选 but。 9. C 。choose which information is useful 是宾语从句，which 表示“哪些”。 10. C 。希望创造一些能帮助人们的东西，something 用于肯定句。 （二）阅读理解A 11. B 。第一段说明 Leonardo 不仅是画家，还是发明家、工程师和科学家。 12. B 。第二段指出他把想法写在笔记本中。 13. B 。他观察鸟类，以了解飞行的原理。 14. A 。根据上下文，curiosity 指“强烈的求知欲”。 15. A 。全文介绍 Leonardo 的身份、研究方式和广泛兴趣。 （三）阅读理解B 16. B 。文章说明数字可以用来报时、数钱和测量距离。 17. A 。零的概念使大数书写和一些数学运算变得更容易。 18. A 。科学家用数字描述自然界中的速度、大小和年龄等。 19. A 。文章最后指出图片、例子和仔细解释有助于理解数字。 20. B 。全文围绕数字在日常生活、科学和历史中的作用展开。 （四）阅读理解C 21. A 。学生在学校可以用电脑搜索信息和制作演示文稿。 22. B 。电脑能快速存储大量信息并完成复杂计算。 23. B 。电脑按照人们给出的指令运行。 24. A 。使用网络信息前应先检查信息是否可靠。 25. C 。作者建议合理使用电脑，同时保持阅读、运动和面对面交流等平衡生活。 （五）信息还原 26. C 。后文按照 First、Next、Then、Finally 介绍发明过程，C起总领作用。 27. A 。前文说发明家先发现日常问题，A举出具体例子。 28. E 。有了想法后，发明家可能制作模型并进行测试，与后文测试过程衔接。 29. B 。反复测试需要耐心，B与前文逻辑一致。 30. D 。文章最后总结发明可以使生活更容易。 （六）信息匹配 31. A 。查新单词含义应使用词典并阅读例句。 32. B 。比较两项发明可制作图表，展示相同点和不同点。 33. C 。想快速找到信息，应使用合适的关键词进行网络搜索。 34. D 。理解数字问题可画图，并逐步解决。 35. E 。安全使用电脑要保护密码并认真核查信息。 （七）语法填空 36. the most important 。one of 后接形容词最高级和可数名词复数，表示“最重要的……之一”。 37. a 。a large amount of 是固定短语，表示“大量的”。 38. were 。In the past 表示过去，主语 computers 为复数，be 用 were。 39. smaller 。由 much 修饰比较级，且与 Today 的情况作比较，填 smaller。 40. anywhere 。use them almost anywhere 表示“几乎可以在任何地方使用它们”，anywhere 作副词。 41. their 。修饰名词 ideas，应使用形容词性物主代词 their。 42. carefully 。修饰动词 use，应使用副词 carefully。 43. up 。look up information 意为“查找信息”。 44. everything 。not believe everything... 意为“不要相信读到的所有内容”。 45. is used 。technology 是被使用，且主语为单数，使用一般现在时被动语态。 三、书面表达15分评分建议 评分档次 第一档：13—15分 准确介绍一种科学知识、数字现象、计算机功能或发明，说明其作用或意义，并表达个人看法；内容完整，语言准确，句式有变化，结构清晰，衔接自然；基本无语法、拼写和标点错误。 第二档：10—12分 基本覆盖题目要求，内容较完整；语言基本准确，有少量错误但不影响理解；结构较清晰。 第三档：7—9分 完成部分要点，能够介绍对象及其作用，但细节较少；语言错误较多，句式较单一，但基本能够表达主要意思。 第四档：4—6分 只完成少数要点，内容不够充实；语言错误较多，影响理解；篇章衔接较差。 第五档：0—3分 未能围绕主题写作，内容严重缺失；语言错误严重，难以理解，或基本没有作答。 细化评分建议 · 内容要点：6分 · 介绍对象及基本信息：2分 · 说明作用或意义：2分 · 表达个人看法：2分 · 语言运用：5分 · 词汇、句型、时态和语法使用情况 · 篇章结构：2分 · 条理清楚，衔接自然 · 书写规范：2分 · 书写、大小写、标点和词数基本规范 四、书面表达参考范文 Science and Inventions Around Us There are many interesting things in science and technology. The computer is one of the most useful inventions in our daily life. People use computers to look up information, study online and communicate with others. Computers can also store a large amount of information and do difficult calculations quickly. They have made our work and study easier. However, we should use computers wisely. We should check information carefully and spend enough time reading, exercising and talking with our family. In my opinion, computers are useful helpers when we use them in the right way. I hope future inventions will make our lives better and greener. 五、写作提示 1. 介绍发明用途时可使用：be used to do、be used for、help sb. do sth.。 2. 说明作用时可使用：make our lives easier、have an important influence on、as a result。 3. 表达看法时可使用：In my opinion、I think、I hope that...。 4. Unit 1—4 可用词汇包括：look up、number、computer、invention、useful、important、compare、protect、information。 5. 注意 one of 后接形容词最高级和可数名词复数。 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 深圳市沪教版（新版）八年级上册英语期中测试卷 范围：Unit 1—4 　　考试时间：70分钟 　　总分：75分 一、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In the past, people learned about the world mainly from books and teachers. Today, the Internet and computers have made learning much 1. A student can look up information in a few seconds and 2 it with classmates. However, finding information is not the same as understanding it. One day, our science teacher asked us to find out 3 the wheel was important. My friend Leo searched online and found many facts. I read 4 book about the history of transport. Then we discussed the information and made a small 5 of the wheel. During the project, we learned that a good invention usually starts with a simple 6. It may take a long time to test an idea. Some ideas fail, but inventors should not 7. They need to think of a better way and try again. Our model was not the best one in the class, but it helped us understand the importance of teamwork. We also learned that computers are useful tools, 8 they cannot think exactly like people. We must use our own minds to choose 9 information is useful. In the future, I hope to become an inventor and create 10 that can help people. 1. A. easier　B. wider　C. slower　D. older 2. A. hide　B. share　C. break　D. print 3. A. why　B. when　C. where　D. who 4. A. a　B. an　C. the　D. / 5. A. number　B. machine　C. model　D. computer 6. A. question　B. answer　C. distance　D. type 7. A. give up　B. turn on　C. look up　D. take off 8. A. so　B. but　C. because　D. if 9. A. many　B. few　C. which　D. every 10. A. nothing　B. anything　C. something　D. everything 二、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分） A Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest thinkers in history. He was not only a painter but also an inventor, engineer and scientist. He was born in Italy in 1452. As a child, he was interested in almost everything around him. Leonardo wrote down his ideas in notebooks. He drew pictures of flying machines, bridges and other useful objects. Some of his ideas were hundreds of years ahead of their time. Although he could not build all of them, his drawings showed how carefully he studied nature. Leonardo also believed that people should learn from observation. He looked at birds to understand how flying might work. He studied water, plants and the human body. His curiosity helped him connect art and science in a special way. 11. What was Leonardo da Vinci? A. Only a painter. B. A painter, inventor, engineer and scientist. C. Only a teacher. D. A writer and doctor. 12. Where did Leonardo write down his ideas? A. In newspapers. B. In notebooks. C. On classroom walls. D. In letters. 13. What did Leonardo study to understand flying? A. Fish. B. Birds. C. Trees. D. Cars. 14. What does the word “curiosity” mean in the passage? A. A strong wish to know more. B. A fear of new things. C. A plan to travel. D. A way to draw. 15. What is the passage mainly about? A. Leonardo’s life and wide interests. B. The history of modern planes. C. How to become a painter. D. The importance of notebooks. B Numbers are everywhere in our lives. We use them to tell time, count money and measure distance. Some numbers are also important in science and history. The number zero is a good example. Long ago, people did not use zero in the same way that we do today. Without zero, it was difficult to write large numbers or do some kinds of mathematics. The idea of zero helped people make progress in science and trade. Numbers can also help us understand nature. Scientists use numbers to describe the speed of light, the size of planets and the age of rocks. However, numbers are not always easy to understand. We need pictures, examples and careful explanations. 16. What are numbers used for? A. Only telling time. B. Telling time, counting money and measuring distance. C. Making food. D. Drawing pictures. 17. Why was zero important? A. It made some mathematics and large numbers easier to write. B. It was used to make clocks. C. It helped people paint. D. It changed the weather. 18. How do scientists use numbers? A. To describe things in nature. B. To choose school subjects. C. To make clothes. D. To write stories. 19. What may help people understand numbers? A. Pictures and examples. B. More noise. C. Fewer questions. D. Longer holidays. 20. What is the best title for the passage? A. The History of Clocks. B. Numbers in Our Lives. C. How to Draw Planets. D. The Story of Trade. C Computers are now used in many parts of our lives. At school, students use them to search for information, make presentations and communicate with others. At home, people use computers to work, shop and watch videos. Computers can work very quickly. They can store a large amount of information and do difficult calculations. However, computers do not have human feelings or ideas. They follow instructions given by people. For this reason, students should use computers wisely. They should check information before using it and protect their personal information online. They should also spend enough time reading books, exercising and talking face to face with family and friends. 21. What can students use computers to do at school? A. Search for information and make presentations. B. Grow plants. C. Cook meals. D. Repair roads. 22. What can computers do quickly? A. Feel happy. B. Store information and do calculations. C. Make personal decisions. D. Understand every joke. 23. What do computers follow? A. Their feelings. B. Instructions given by people. C. The weather. D. School rules only. 24. What should students do before using information online? A. Check it. B. Copy it all. C. Delete it. D. Hide it. 25. What does the writer advise students to do? A. Use computers all day. B. Never use computers. C. Use computers wisely and keep a balanced life. D. Only watch videos. 三、信息还原（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 下面文章中有五处需要还原的信息。请从A—F六个选项中选出五个能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Inventions are often created to solve problems. 26. ________ First, an inventor notices a problem in daily life. 27. ________ Next, the inventor thinks of an idea. The idea may not work at the beginning. 28. ________ Then the inventor tests the invention again and again. 29. ________ Finally, the invention may be improved and used by many people. 30. ________ A. For example, a person may notice that a machine uses too much energy. B. This is why patience is important. C. Here is a simple description of the process. D. In this way, inventions can make life easier. E. He or she may make a model and test it. F. People should never change an old idea. 四、信息匹配（共5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 下面是五位学生的学习需求和六条建议。请为每位学生选择最合适的一项。 31Amy wants to learn the meaning of a new word. 32.Ben needs to compare two inventions. 33.Cindy wants to find information quickly. 34.David wants to understand a difficult number problem. 35.Ella wants to use a computer safely. A. Use a dictionary and read example sentences. B. Make a chart to show their similarities and differences. C. Use suitable key words when searching online. D. Draw a picture and work out the problem step by step. E. Protect passwords and check information carefully. F. Turn off all computers forever. 五、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are many useful inventions in our lives. The computer is one of 36. ________ (important) inventions. It can store 37. ________ large amount of information and help people work quickly. In the past, computers 38. ________ (be) very large and expensive. Today, they are much 39. ________ (small) and more useful. People can use them almost 40. ________ (anywhere). However, computers cannot do everything. They do not have 41. ________ (they) own ideas. People must give them instructions. If we use computers 42. ________ (careful), they can be good helpers. The Internet has also changed our lives. We can look 43. ________ information, send emails and share ideas online. But we should protect our personal information and not believe 44. ________ (something) we read. In my opinion, technology is useful when it 45. ________ (use) in the right way. 六、书面表达（共15分） 假如你是李华，学校英语社团正在开展“Science and Inventions Around Us”主题征文活动。请写一篇英语短文，介绍一种你熟悉的科学知识、数字现象、计算机功能或发明，并说明它对生活的帮助。 要求： 1. 介绍对象及其基本信息； 2. 说明它的作用或意义； 3. 表达你的看法； 4. 词数80左右，不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名。 Science and Inventions Around Us There are many interesting things in science and technology. ______________________ 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $