学考专题08 状语从句：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，广东专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题08 状语从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 时间状语从句 考点二 让步状语从句 考点三 原因、目的与结果状语从句 考点四 条件、比较与方式状语从句 研|核心专题精讲 考点一：时间状语从句 考点二：让步状语从句 考点三：原因、目的与结果状语从句 考点四：条件、比较与方式状语从句 练|巩固提升训练 一、课标要求与命题定位 《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》在“语言知识·语法知识”中要求：学生应理解并运用复合句，能识别状语从句的引导词及其所表达的时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、方式等逻辑关系；在语篇层面，能借助这些逻辑标记快速判断句间关系、理清作者的行文思路；在书面表达层面，能恰当使用状语从句增强表达的连贯性与逻辑性。 对广东合格考而言，本专题有一个必须讲清楚的事实：近三年（2024—2026）的语法填空 30 个空中，状语从句一空未设。这不是“不考”，而是命题方式变了——状语从句不再以“填引导词”的形式出现，而是作为**逻辑关系的载体**潜伏在阅读长句和书面表达里。因此本专题的备考重心不是背引导词表，而是“读出逻辑、写出连贯”两项能力。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 课标要求 本专题对应考点 广东合格考呈现方式 识别复合句的构成，理解句间逻辑关系 考点一 时间状语从句（when / while / as / until / before / since） 语法填空历史设空 1 处（2023·41 when）；阅读长句时间链 把握语篇中的转折、对比、退让关系 考点二 让步状语从句（although / though / no matter / whatever） 完形语篇（no matter how hard）；阅读作者态度句 理解因果、目的、结果的逻辑推进 考点三 原因、目的与结果状语从句（because / since / so that / so…that） 阅读说理段（because 高频）；书面表达说理句 在书面表达中恰当使用复合句 考点四 条件、比较与方式状语从句（if / unless / as long as / as…as / as if） 书面表达范文（if 条件句、as…as 结构） 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 年份·卷别 语法填空设空 题号 考查点 设空数 2024年1月 广东合格考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（37 which、38 to get、41 taking 等均非本专题） 0 2025年1月 广东合格考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（36 To become、40 working、45 whether/if 宾语从句） 0 2026年1月 广东合格考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（37 watching、39 where、41 using 等均非本专题） 0 2023年1月 广东合格考 10 空 第41空 when 引导时间状语从句（when friends eat together） 1 2022年1月 广东合格考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（41 which、45 to recover 等均非本专题） 0 2021年1月 广东学考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（45 why 为定语从句关系副词，勿误判） 0 2020年1月 广东学考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（5 who 定语从句、9 虚拟语气） 0 统计口径：逐套核对 2019A、2020、2021、2022、2023、2024、2026 共 7 套语法填空 70 个空，状语从句仅 2023 年第 41 空 1 处（when），占 1.4%；近三年（2024—2026）30 空为 0 处。2025 年卷的语法填空已逐空核对，其中第 45 空为 if/whether 引导的宾语从句，属名词性从句，不计入本专题。 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：语法填空几乎不设空，但阅读里到处都是。7 套语法填空 70 空，状语从句只占 1 空（2023 第41空 when），近三年更是 0 空。但这不等于不考——2020 阅读的 "He didn’t put it down until he heard the shout"、2021 阅读 C 的 "while computers operate at lightning speed"、2024 完形的 "As Kate was jumping"、2026 阅读的 "Whatever the truth is"，全是状语从句。命题人把它挪到了“读懂”这一层。 规律二：考的是逻辑判断，不是语法形式。状语从句决定的是句间关系：是让步（虽然）、原因（因为）、结果（以至于），还是对比（而）。完形填空里凡是“前后语义相反”的空，八成落在让步或对比从句上——2024 届模拟卷完形第 26 空（However, no matter what she did…）就是典型。这类题靠语法术语答不出来，靠逻辑判断才行。 规律三：书面表达是状语从句的主战场。应用文 90 词要写出层次，靠的就是连接手段。2023 年书面表达范文里 "If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us." 一句条件状语从句，把“邀请”写得既礼貌又有余地；同篇 "running for two hours" 用分词状语补出时长。写作里的状语从句不是炫技，是“把话说圆”。 规律四：最容易被误判的是三类词。第一类，while：既可表时间（当……时），也可表对比（而），还可表让步（虽然）——2021 阅读 C 的 "while computers operate at lightning speed" 是对比，不是时间。第二类，since：既可表时间（自从），也可表原因（既然）——2026 阅读 "since you asked" 是原因。第三类，for：既可作介词，也可作并列连词表原因——2020 完形 "for there were too many of us" 是原因。这三类每年都有人栽，务必按“看位置、看标点、看语义”三步定夺。 规律五：复习顺序应先让步、再时间、后条件。从真题密度看，让步从句在阅读完形中出现频率最高（作者态度的转折几乎都靠它），时间从句次之（叙事语篇的主线），条件从句在写作中最有用。建议课堂按“让步→时间→条件→因果结果”的顺序推进，先解决最影响理解的，再补最影响表达的。 考点一 时间状语从句 一、核心概念 时间状语从句用来说明主句动作发生的时间，由时间连词引导。判断的关键不是背连词，而是先看两件事：一是主从句动作的先后关系（同时、先后、持续到某点），二是从句谓语能不能用进行时或完成时。把这两件事定下来，连词自然就选对了。 二、时间状语从句引导词总表 引导词 含义 用法要点 真题/通用例句 when 当……时 最通用；从句可用进行时、一般时、完成时 When she saw the lion approaching, she left the sheep in the path of the lion.（2019A 阅读） while 当……时；而（对比） 从句多用进行时；亦表对比，见考点四 She and I had this conversation almost every day while we were in high school.（2019A 阅读） as 正当……时；随着 强调“一边……一边”，动作同时推进 As Kate was jumping, a teenage boy rushed to her from across the road.（2024 完形） before 在……之前 三种译法：之前／才／趁……还没有 Sometimes we have to be angry before we can do what needs to be done.（2023 阅读 B） after 在……之后 从句常用完成时或一般时 After hesitating for a while, Johnny put the frog into his pocket.（2023 完形） until / till 直到…… 主句为延续性动词用肯定式；为短暂动词用 not…until He didn’t put it down until he heard the shout "Bus coming!"（2020 阅读） since 自从…… 主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时；亦表原因，见考点三 She has lived here since she was a child.（通用例） as soon as 一……就…… 表示紧接发生，可换用 the moment / immediately I really hope you can come as soon as possible.（2024 书面表达范文） the moment / every time / each time 一……就／每次 名词短语起连词作用，后接完整从句 Every time he visits the village, he calls on the old man.（通用例） once 一旦…… 含条件意味，见考点四 Once you start, you will find it hard to stop.（通用例） 三、when / while / as 三辨 对比项 when while as 从句谓语 一般时／进行时／完成时均可 多用进行时（持续性） 多用一般时／进行时（短暂或同步） 动作关系 可先可后，可长可短 强调“在……期间”，两动作同时持续 强调“随着／一边……一边”，同步变化 可否省略主语 可（when doing / when done） 可（while doing） 一般不可 典型场景 叙事中的时间点 背景动作、对比 动作并行推进、随时间变化 真题印证 When crops are green, locusts look green.（2025 阅读 A） while computers operate at lightning speed.（2021 阅读 C） As Kate was jumping…（2024 完形） 四、not…until 的四种形态 结构 构成 例句 肯定式 主句谓语为延续性动词 + until Tiger stayed by my side until he disappeared suddenly under my bed.（2022 语法填空） 否定式 主句谓语为短暂动词 + not…until He didn’t put it down until he heard the shout "Bus coming!"（2020 阅读） 强调句 It is not until…that… It was not until he heard the shout that he put it down.（通用例） 倒装句 Not until 置于句首，主句部分倒装 Not until he heard the shout did he put it down.（通用例） 五、用法精讲 1.时间连词的三个判断步骤 第一步，定先后：两个动作是同时、先后，还是一个持续到另一个发生？同时→when/while/as；先后→before/after；持续到某点→until。 第二步，定谓语：从句是短暂动作还是持续动作？持续动作且与主句并行→while；短暂动作、紧接着发生→as soon as / the moment。 第三步，定期望：主句是肯定还是否定？否定 + 短暂动词→not…until；主句含现在完成时→since。 2.时间状语的省略形式 当从句主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语为 it），且从句谓语含 be 动词时，可省略主语和 be。 When (he was) five, he used to take his father’s clock apart.（2022 阅读 A 原句结构） When hiking and walking, they have to keep the feet in good condition.（2019A 阅读） While (he was) lost in thought, he fell over a stone.（2019A 语法填空语篇） 3.时间状语从句的时态规则 主将从现：主句用一般将来时，时间/条件从句用一般现在时表将来。 When the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color.（2025 阅读 A 原句） 主过从过：叙事语篇中主从句时态一致，但从句动作先发生可用过去完成时。 After he had finished the work, he went home.（通用例） 六、双语例句佐证 When she saw the lion approaching, she left the sheep in the path of the lion quickly. 她看到狮子靠近时，赶紧把羊留在狮子经过的路上。（2019A 阅读·magician 篇） He didn’t put it down until he heard the shout "Bus coming!" 他直到听到“公交车来了”的喊声才放下报纸。（2020 阅读·父亲早晨） As Kate was jumping, a teenage boy rushed to her from across the road. 凯特正在跳绳时，一个十几岁的男孩从马路对面冲向她。（2024 完形·Kate 跳绳） While he was lost in thought, unluckily, he fell over a stone. 他正沉浸在遐想中时，不幸被一块石头绊倒了。（2019A 语法填空·山羊与鸡蛋） Every time he visits the village, he calls on the old man. 每次他回村，都会去看望那位老人。（通用例） 考点二 让步状语从句 一、核心概念 让步状语从句表达“虽然、尽管、即使、无论”的退让关系，主句往往与从句形成语义转折。它在广东卷里出现的频率高于其他状语从句，原因是作者表态时几乎都要“先退一步再肯定”——读懂让步从句，就读懂了作者真正的立场。 二、让步状语从句引导词总表 引导词 含义 位置与要点 真题/通用例句 although / though 虽然 可置句首或句中；不与 but 连用 Although he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work.（2020 完形） even though 尽管（事实） 语气强于 although，所述为已知事实 Even though it was raining, they went on working.（通用例） even if 即使（假设） 所述为假设，非事实 Even if you fail, you will learn something.（通用例） while 虽然（= although） 只能置句首，且从句多为状态描述 While I understand your point, I still disagree.（通用例） no matter + wh- 无论…… 引导让步从句，可置句首或句尾 However, no matter what she did, she still didn’t get any attention.（2024届模拟卷完形） whatever / whoever / whichever 无论什么／谁／哪个 可引导让步从句，也可引导名词性从句 Whatever solution we choose, as long as we are trying…（2023 阅读 B） whether…or… 无论是……还是…… 并列让步，两项都要完整 Whether you like it or not, you have to face it.（通用例） 三、no matter 类与 -ever 类对照 形式 词性 可引导的从句 例句 no matter what 连词短语 只引导让步状语从句 No matter what she did, she still didn’t get any attention.（2024届模拟卷完形） whatever 代词/限定词 让步状语从句 + 主语/宾语/表语从句 Whatever solution we choose, we have taken the first step.（2023 阅读 B，让步） Whatever the truth is, this discovery gives us a fresh view.（2026 阅读，让步） no matter how 连词短语 只引导让步状语从句，后接 adj./adv. But no matter how hard the boys tried, the frog just wouldn’t talk.（2023 完形） however 副词 让步状语从句（however + adj./adv.）+ 转折副词 However hard he tried, he couldn’t open the door.（通用例） 四、as / though 引导的倒装让步 结构 构成 例句 译文 形容词提前 Adj. + as / though + 主语 + be Tired as he was, he kept on working. 尽管很累，他仍继续工作。 副词提前 Adv. + as / though + 主语 + 谓语 Hard as he tried, he failed again. 尽管他很努力，还是又失败了。 名词提前 N.（不带冠词）+ as / though + 主语 + be Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，却懂得很多。 动词提前 V. + as / though + 主语 + 助动词 Try as he might, he couldn’t solve it. 尽管他尽力尝试，仍解决不了。 五、用法精讲 1.although / though 的三条硬规矩 第一，不能与 but 连用：Although it was late, but he went out.（×）→ Although it was late, he went out.（√） 第二，可与 yet / still 连用加强语气：Although he was tired, yet he kept working. 第三，though 可置句末作副词（意为“不过”）：It’s a good idea, though. 2.让步从句与转折词的分工 although 是连词，连接两个分句；however 是副词，前后要用逗号隔开，不能直接连接两个分句。 Although he was ill, he came to school.（√） He was ill. However, he came to school.（√） He was ill, however he came to school.（×） 3.no matter 与 -ever 的取舍 两者在引导让步从句时基本可互换：No matter what she did = Whatever she did。 但 -ever 词还能引导名词性从句，此时不能用 no matter 替换。 Whatever he said surprised us.（主语从句 √）／ No matter what he said surprised us.（×） 判断口诀：从句能移到句首且句意不变→让步；从句充当主句的成分（主语/宾语/表语）→名词性从句。 六、双语例句佐证 Although he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work, for there were too many of us. 虽然他穿上了暖和的衣服，但没有用，因为我们人太多了。（2020 完形·感冒病毒） Whatever solution we choose, as long as we are trying to find the solution, we have taken the first step. 无论我们选择什么方案，只要我们努力寻找解决办法，就已经迈出了正确的第一步。（2023 阅读 B·愤怒） However, no matter what she did, she still didn’t get any attention. 然而，无论她做什么，仍然得不到任何关注。（2024届模拟卷·完形 Susan） Whatever the truth is, this discovery gives us a fresh and respectful view of wolves’ intelligence. 无论真相如何，这一发现都让我们对狼的智慧有了全新而尊重的看法。（2026 阅读·狼的智慧） Tired as he was, he kept on working. 尽管很累，他仍继续工作。（通用例·倒装让步） 考点三 原因、目的与结果状语从句 一、核心概念 原因、目的、结果三类从句共同承担“说理”的功能，是说明文和议论文的骨架。广东卷的阅读说理段几乎每一段都由 because 撑起逻辑，书面表达里想拿高分也离不开 so…that 与 so that。这一考点的难点不在引导词，而在四组易混结构的边界。 二、because / since / as / for 四辨 连词 语气强度 能否回答 why 位置 真题/通用例句 because 最强，直接原因 能 主句前后均可 I just think that she can’t accept failures because she lives her life as a perfectionist.（2019A 阅读） since 次强，“既然”已知理由 能 多置句首 Since you asked, I will tell you the whole story.（2026 阅读） as 较弱，双方共知的原因 能 多置句首 As it was raining, we stayed at home.（通用例） for 补充说明，非直接原因 不能 只能置主句之后，前有逗号 It didn’t work, for there were too many of us.（2020 完形） 三、目的与结果状语从句 结构 类型 要点 例句 so that 目的 从句常含 can / could / may / might It asked Johnny for a kiss so that it could turn back into a princess.（2023 完形） in order that 目的 较正式，可置句首 In order that everyone could hear, he spoke louder.（通用例） so + adj./adv. + that 结果 so 后接形容词或副词 We are so used to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing.（2021 阅读 C） such + (a/an) + adj. + n. + that 结果 such 后接名词短语 It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.（通用例） so that（结果） 结果 从句前常有逗号，从句不含情态动词 He got up late, so that he missed the bus.（通用例） 四、四组易混结构辨析 易混点 区别 判定方法 because vs because of because 接从句；because of 接名词/代词/动名词 空后是完整句子→because；是短语→because of so that（目的）vs so…that（结果） 目的从句含情态动词，主句与从句间无逗号；结果从句不含情态动词 看从句有没有 can/could/may/might；有→目的 so…that vs such…that so 修饰形容词/副词；such 修饰名词短语 看空后第一个词：形容词/副词→so；名词→such since（时间）vs since（原因） 时间义主句用现在完成时；原因义主句时态不限 看主句时态与句意：完成时+“自从”→时间 五、用法精讲 1.因果链的读取顺序 读说明文时，先找 because / since / as，它们标明“结论在前、依据在后”或“依据在前、结论在后”。 2023 阅读 B 第二段：Most people think of anger as a feeling we must keep under control.（结论）→ Children are sometimes sent to their rooms…（举例）→ 全段逻辑靠“结论—例证”推进，没有一个 because，但读懂了才知道作者在讲“社会规训”。 2.目的与结果的三种改写 目的：so that + 从句 ↔ in order to / so as to + 动词原形 ↔ to + 动词原形 It asked for a kiss so that it could turn back into a princess. = It asked for a kiss in order to turn back into a princess. 结果：so…that ↔ such…that ↔ too…to / enough to We are so used to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing. = We are too used to constant activities to sit and do nothing. 3.结果状语从句的倒装 so + adj./adv. 置于句首时，主句部分倒装，从句不变。 So used are we to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing.（通用例） Such was his anger that he could not speak.（通用例） 六、双语例句佐证 I just think that she can’t accept failures because she lives her life as a perfectionist. 我只是觉得她不能接受失败，因为她以完美主义者的方式生活。（2019A 阅读·perfectionist 篇） We are so used to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing. 我们太习惯于不停歇的活动，以至于很难坐着什么也不做。（2021 阅读 C·速度） It didn’t work, for there were too many of us. 那没有用，因为我们人太多了。（2020 完形·感冒病毒） It asked Johnny for a kiss so that it could turn back into a beautiful princess. 它向约翰尼讨一个吻，好让自己变回美丽的公主。（2023 完形·青蛙） Since you asked, I will tell you the whole story. 既然你问了，我就把整件事告诉你。（2026 阅读·原句结构） 考点四 条件、比较与方式状语从句 一、核心概念 条件状语从句是书面表达的“礼貌开关”——加一个 if，邀请就从强硬变成商量；比较状语从句是阅读的“程度刻度”——as…as、more than 决定你判断作者是“更”还是“不如”；方式状语从句则是叙事的“画面感来源”。这三类在语法填空中同样极少设空，但在写作与阅读中不可或缺。 二、条件状语从句引导词总表 引导词 含义 要点 真题/通用例句 if 如果 主将从现；虚拟条件句另见专题04 If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us.（2023 书面表达范文） unless 除非（= if…not） 本身含否定，主句不再加 not Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.（通用例） as long as 只要 强调条件的充分性 As long as we are trying to find the solution, we have taken the first step.（2023 阅读 B） once 一旦 含时间与条件双重意味 Once you start, you will find it hard to stop.（通用例） in case 以防 从句用一般现在时表将来 Take an umbrella in case it rains.（通用例） provided / provided that 假如（正式） 多用于书面语 Provided that you work hard, you will succeed.（通用例） 三、比较状语从句结构表 结构 含义 要点 真题/通用例句 as + adj./adv. + as 和……一样 中间用原级 I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey.（2019A 阅读） not as / so + adj./adv. + as 不如…… 否定比较 He is not as tall as his brother.（通用例） 比较级 + than 比……更 than 后接完整或省略的从句 The more ways you use, the better you learn.（2024 阅读 B） the + 比较级, the + 比较级 越……越…… 两个分句都要用比较级 The more you read, the more you know.（通用例） as much as one can 尽某人所能 as…as 后接从句，常用 can/could The whole village avoided him as much as they could.（2021 语法填空） 四、方式状语从句 结构 含义 语气 例句 as if / as though 好像 所述可能为真，用陈述语气 It looks as if it is going to rain.（通用例） as if / as though + 虚拟 好像（与事实相反） 与现在相反用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时 He acted as if nothing had happened.（通用例） the way (that) 以……的方式 口语中可省 that Do it the way I showed you.（通用例） 五、用法精讲 1.if 条件句在主将从现中的位置 主句用一般将来时（will / be going to），从句用一般现在时。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（√） If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.（×） 从句若含情态动词表意愿，可用 will：If you will help me, I can finish it today. 2.写作中的条件句三种分寸 强邀请：Please come and join us. 留余地：If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us.（2023 书面表达范文） 表期待：I would be grateful if you could come.（通用例） 同一件事，加不加 if、用不用 could，礼貌程度差一个档。合格考书面表达想上 20 分，这三档要会用。 3.while 的三义辨析（本专题最高频陷阱） 时间义：While he was lost in thought, he fell over a stone.（2019A 语法填空） 对比义：Motor cars cover a hundred miles in an hour, while computers operate at lightning speed.（2021 阅读 C） 让步义：While I understand your point, I still disagree.（通用例） 判定方法：看主从句是否“同时进行”（时间）／是否“两相对照”（对比）／是否“退让转折”（让步）。 六、双语例句佐证 If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us. 如果您没有预约安排，请来参加我们的活动。（2023 书面表达·范文） As long as we are trying to find the solution, we have already taken the first step. 只要我们努力寻找解决办法，就已经迈出了第一步。（2023 阅读 B·愤怒） I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey. 我觉得那份成功的记忆像蜜一样甜。（2019A 阅读·跑步） Motor cars cover a hundred miles in an hour, while computers operate at lightning speed. 汽车一小时能跑一百英里，而电脑以闪电般的速度运转。（2021 阅读 C·速度） The whole village avoided him as much as they could. 全村人尽可能躲着他。（2021 语法填空·Peter） 考点一：时间状语从句 例1.(2019年1月广东学考A卷·语法填空语篇改编) ________ he was lost in thought, unluckily, he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. 例2.(2020年1月广东学考·阅读理解语篇句（父亲与公交车）) He didn’t put it down ________ he heard the shout "Bus coming!" 例3.(2024年1月广东合格考·完形填空语篇句（Kate 跳绳）) ________ Kate was jumping, a teenage boy rushed to her from across the road. A. Until B. As C. Since D. Before 1. ________ she saw the lion approaching, she left the sheep in the path of the lion quickly and went back home. 2. Her job was to stop a bus ________ it came. 3. Tiger stayed by my side until he ________ (disappear) suddenly under my bed. 4. And ________ you doodle while listening to a lecture, you are using all four. 考点二：让步状语从句 例1.(2023年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇语篇句（愤怒）) ________ solution we choose, as long as we are trying to find the solution to the problem, we have already taken the first step in the right direction. 例2.(2020年1月广东学考·完形填空语篇句（感冒病毒）) ________ he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work, for there were too many of us. A. But B. Although C. However D. Because 例3.(2024届广东春季高考模拟卷·完形填空第26空句式改编（Susan 篇）) However, ________ she did, she still didn’t get any attention. 1. ________ the truth is, this discovery gives us a fresh and respectful view of wolves’ intelligence. 2. But ________ hard the boys tried, the frog just wouldn’t talk. 3. ________ you are not an artist, doodling can help you. 4. What’s more, ________ many people live in the countryside, they want to use supermarkets and good fast roads. 考点三：原因、目的与结果状语从句 例1.(2019年1月广东学考A卷·阅读理解语篇句（perfectionist 篇）) I just think that she can’t accept failures ________ she lives her life as a perfectionist. A. because B. because of C. though D. unless 例2.(2021年1月广东学考·阅读理解C篇语篇句（速度）) We are so used to constant activities ________ we find it difficult to sit and do nothing. A. as B. that C. which D. than 1. I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey, ________ I had to overcome failure to reach it. 2. It didn’t work, ________ there were too many of us. 3. My boss was so pleased ________ he trusted me with more important tasks since then. 4. It asked Johnny for a kiss ________ it could turn back into a beautiful princess. 考点四：条件、比较与方式状语从句 例1.(2021年1月广东学考·阅读理解C篇语篇句（速度）) Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour, aircraft cross the world within a day, ________ computers operate at lightning speed. A. when B. while C. until D. before 例2.(2023年1月广东合格考·书面表达范文句) ________ you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us. 1. ________ one suppresses his anger, he may suffer serious mental and physical health problems. 2. The more ways you use, ________ better you learn. 3. So the whole village avoided ________ (he) as much as they could. 4. ________ giving presents during holidays or offering a listening ear to a friend in need, we are improving our mental health. 一、单项选择（共10题） 从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. He didn’t put it down ________ he heard the shout "Bus coming!" A. since B. before C. until D. after 2. ________ we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. A. While B. When C. Until D. Unless 3. ________ Kate was jumping, a teenage boy rushed to her from across the road. A. Until B. Since C. As D. Before 4. ________ he was lost in thought, unluckily, he fell over a stone. A. While B. Until C. Since D. As soon as 5. ________ the kids next door saw that, they asked their parents if they could go, too. A. Although B. When C. Unless D. Even if 6. ________ solution we choose, we have already taken the first step in the right direction. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. Whoever 7. ________ he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work, for there were too many of us. A. But B. However C. Although D. Because 8. However, ________ she did, she still didn’t get any attention. A. no matter what B. no matter how C. no matter where D. no matter when 9. I just think that she can’t accept failures ________ she lives her life as a perfectionist. A. because of B. because C. though D. unless 10. ________ these ice creams are made from different kinds of plant milk, less water and energy are required in the production. A. Although B. Unless C. Since D. Even if 二、单句语法填空（共10题） 在下列各句的空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 11. She read the letter again and again ________ she died. 12. Many family-friendly companies also give paid leave to both parents ________ a baby is born. 13. ________ he was five he used to take his father’s clock apart and put it back together again. 14. And don’t add a comma ________ you feel like it. 15. She and I had this conversation almost every day ________ we were in high school. 16. He began to think that he would save eggs ________ they were in short supply. 17. I was never good at running, so I failed every time ________ the third year at school. 18. Brown believes doodling is helpful ________ it includes more than one way of learning. 19. We are ________ used to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing. 20. But ________ the point of doodling is to help you think, then it doesn’t matter what the picture looks like. 一、阅读理解（共3篇15题） A、B 两篇为四选一；C 篇为七选五（5选5，无干扰项），从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每篇均标明出处。 A （2023年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试·阅读理解第一节 A篇） A new interactive (互动的) map shows which parts of the world have been hit hardest by climate change. The map, called ClimateEX, allows users to see how global warming (全球变暖) influences temperature and rainfall across the Earth. The map shows, in the UK, areas of eastern Scotland have been most influenced by climate change. In the US, the west coast has seen a rise in temperature and loss of rainfall. The map also shows that over the next 50 years parts of Wales and northeast England will see big changes to their climate. Developed by a scientist at the University of Cincinnati, the map uses 50 years of public climate data from 50,000 international weather stations around the Earth. It shows not only how the climate has changed, but also what will possibly happen by the year 2070. According to the map, over the next 50 years Central America will be subject to terrible heat and rainfall. Papua New Guinea, southeastern China, the west coast of the US, Greenland and the Arctic are also easily influenced, most importantly for sea level change. ClimateEX can also help users search for places where climate change may lead to extreme phenomena (现象) in the future. The user simply touches the place where storms are frequent at present on the map and then ClimateEX will show all the places where storms are likely to happen in 50 years. 6. A rise in temperature and loss of rainfall have happened in ________. A. the US B. China C. Papua New Guinea D. the UK 7. The map tells the climate change in the future by ________. A. setting up weather stations B. recording rainfall C. measuring the sea levels D. using past climate data 8. The underlined phrase "be subject to" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________. A. cause B. suffer C. avoid D. change 9. According to the last paragraph, the map can ________. A. reduce the influences of climate change B. change the climates of different countries C. show where extreme climates will happen D. suggest how people deal with climate change 10. What is the best title for the passage? A. Increasing Rainfall B. An Amazing Map C. A Map of the World D. Changeable Climate B （2021年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试·阅读理解 C篇） Modern inventions have greatly increased people’s love of speed. Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour, aircraft cross the world within a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year we produce motor cars which go even faster and each new computer is said to save precious seconds in handling tasks. All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag (时差反应): our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too much time in front of computers results in eye pain or finger pain. Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists. Too much use may do harm to our brains, a bad result we do not like to think about. What do we do with the time we have saved then? Certainly not relax. We are so used to constant (连续不断的) activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. Modern inventions have brought us great benefits, but at the same time, we have lost a lot of fun as human beings. There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the farming of the land or the care of cattle. Their lives went on at a much slower speed, and in a familiar pattern. We might admire a way of life like this, yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays. Modern technology has changed everything. 11. The underlined word "lightning" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________. A. fast B. unexpected C. possible D. exciting 12. According to Paragraph 2, we save time at the price of our ________. A. happiness B. health C. wealth D. safety 13. According to the passage, modern inventions make life ________. A. happier and more relaxing B. faster and less enjoyable C. simpler and less comfortable D. slower and healthier 14. The last paragraph suggests that ________. A. life in the future will be better B. we should do more physical work C. we cannot enjoy modern life D. our life cannot be what it used to be 15. Which section of the newspaper is the passage probably from? A. Business. B. Education. C. Life. D. Sports. C （2024届广东省高三第一次春季高考学业水平考试模拟卷·阅读第二节） Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. But there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our schools or jobs. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 16 But for many of us, the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is an important step in making new friends. 17 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talks is a very useful skill in relating (关联的) with other people. 18 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 19 Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 20 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. 【选项】 A. Do things together. B. Don’t wait to be spoken to. C. Try not to find fault with your friend. D. Making new friends comes easy for some people. E. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 二、完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。（2024年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试） It was a sunny day. Kate was jumping rope in front of her house. She had all the time in the world to __21__ her jumping. The jump rope was __22__ to her. It was a birthday __23__ from her grandma, who spent several nights __24__ making it perfect. As Kate was jumping, a teenage boy __25__ to her from across the road. "Give me that," he shouted and __26__ the jump rope from Kate’s hands and ran away. __27__ and angry, Kate ran after the boy, hoping to get it back. "What a __28__ boy," thought Kate. She ran all the way to a park and finally __29__ the boy. There, she saw a younger child __30__ in the pond (池塘). The boy threw an end of the jump rope to the child and pulled the child onto the bank. Kate walked up to them and asked if they needed any __31__. "All good. Thank you," said the boy. Handing the jump rope back to Kate, he __32__, "I’m sorry if I frightened you just now, but I was in a __33__. The rope was a big help." Back home, Kate told her grandma that the rope had helped __34__ a child in the park. She smiled __35__ as she thought of the part her jump rope had played. 21. A. show B. enjoy C. record D. prepare 22. A. short B. strong C. special D. strange 23. A. gift B. card C. cake D. party 24. A. freely B. quickly C. anxiously D. tirelessly 25. A. rode B. drove C. jumped D. rushed 26. A. stole B. took C. received D. borrowed 27. A. Tired B. Touched C. Shocked D. Excited 28. A. lonely B. helpless C. careless D. horrible 29. A. caught up with B. argued with C. shouted at D. got away from 30. A. swimming B. struggling C. playing D. rowing 31. A. help B. time C. money D. advice 32. A. warned B. shouted C. ordered D. apologized 33. A. way B. mess C. hurry D. minute 34. A. save B. find C. lead D. train 35. A. bravely B. proudly C. curiously D. nervously 三、语法填空（共7题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（ 2019 年广东学考 A 卷语法填空） Once, there lived a poor man in a small village. He was very clever but didn't want 36 (work) at all. He lived on 37 the villagers gave him every day. One day he got a basket of eggs 38 a kind lady. He began to think that he would save eggs until they were in short supply. Then he could earn a small amount of money by 39 (sell) them at a-very good price. And then he would buy a couple of goats. Very soon, he would have 40 large group of goats. The goat milk would bring him much more money. With the money, he would buy a cow. 41 (it)milk would bring him a lot of money. He would become much 42 (rich ), build a big house and marry a pretty woman. They would have a lot of 43 (child). While he was lost in thought, 44 (unlucky ), he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. He was very sad. That 45 (bring) an end to the man's beautiful dream. 四、书面表达（共1题） （2023年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试·书面表达）假定你是李华。请给外教 David 写一封邮件，邀请他参加在学校操场举办的"英语之夜"活动。活动时间为下周五晚上六点到八点。 1. 时间和地点； 2. 活动内容：演唱歌曲、朗诵诗歌和表演话剧； 3. 希望对方能参加。 注意： 1. 词数 90 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节，并将开头和结尾抄写在答题卡上，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 状语从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 时间状语从句 考点二 让步状语从句 考点三 原因、目的与结果状语从句 考点四 条件、比较与方式状语从句 研|核心专题精讲 考点一：时间状语从句 考点二：让步状语从句 考点三：原因、目的与结果状语从句 考点四：条件、比较与方式状语从句 练|巩固提升训练 一、课标要求与命题定位 《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》在“语言知识·语法知识”中要求：学生应理解并运用复合句，能识别状语从句的引导词及其所表达的时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、方式等逻辑关系；在语篇层面，能借助这些逻辑标记快速判断句间关系、理清作者的行文思路；在书面表达层面，能恰当使用状语从句增强表达的连贯性与逻辑性。 对广东合格考而言，本专题有一个必须讲清楚的事实：近三年（2024—2026）的语法填空 30 个空中，状语从句一空未设。这不是“不考”，而是命题方式变了——状语从句不再以“填引导词”的形式出现，而是作为**逻辑关系的载体**潜伏在阅读长句和书面表达里。因此本专题的备考重心不是背引导词表，而是“读出逻辑、写出连贯”两项能力。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 课标要求 本专题对应考点 广东合格考呈现方式 识别复合句的构成，理解句间逻辑关系 考点一 时间状语从句（when / while / as / until / before / since） 语法填空历史设空 1 处（2023·41 when）；阅读长句时间链 把握语篇中的转折、对比、退让关系 考点二 让步状语从句（although / though / no matter / whatever） 完形语篇（no matter how hard）；阅读作者态度句 理解因果、目的、结果的逻辑推进 考点三 原因、目的与结果状语从句（because / since / so that / so…that） 阅读说理段（because 高频）；书面表达说理句 在书面表达中恰当使用复合句 考点四 条件、比较与方式状语从句（if / unless / as long as / as…as / as if） 书面表达范文（if 条件句、as…as 结构） 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 年份·卷别 语法填空设空 题号 考查点 设空数 2024年1月 广东合格考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（37 which、38 to get、41 taking 等均非本专题） 0 2025年1月 广东合格考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（36 To become、40 working、45 whether/if 宾语从句） 0 2026年1月 广东合格考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（37 watching、39 where、41 using 等均非本专题） 0 2023年1月 广东合格考 10 空 第41空 when 引导时间状语从句（when friends eat together） 1 2022年1月 广东合格考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（41 which、45 to recover 等均非本专题） 0 2021年1月 广东学考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（45 why 为定语从句关系副词，勿误判） 0 2020年1月 广东学考 10 空 — 无状语从句设空（5 who 定语从句、9 虚拟语气） 0 统计口径：逐套核对 2019A、2020、2021、2022、2023、2024、2026 共 7 套语法填空 70 个空，状语从句仅 2023 年第 41 空 1 处（when），占 1.4%；近三年（2024—2026）30 空为 0 处。2025 年卷的语法填空已逐空核对，其中第 45 空为 if/whether 引导的宾语从句，属名词性从句，不计入本专题。 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：语法填空几乎不设空，但阅读里到处都是。7 套语法填空 70 空，状语从句只占 1 空（2023 第41空 when），近三年更是 0 空。但这不等于不考——2020 阅读的 "He didn’t put it down until he heard the shout"、2021 阅读 C 的 "while computers operate at lightning speed"、2024 完形的 "As Kate was jumping"、2026 阅读的 "Whatever the truth is"，全是状语从句。命题人把它挪到了“读懂”这一层。 规律二：考的是逻辑判断，不是语法形式。状语从句决定的是句间关系：是让步（虽然）、原因（因为）、结果（以至于），还是对比（而）。完形填空里凡是“前后语义相反”的空，八成落在让步或对比从句上——2024 届模拟卷完形第 26 空（However, no matter what she did…）就是典型。这类题靠语法术语答不出来，靠逻辑判断才行。 规律三：书面表达是状语从句的主战场。应用文 90 词要写出层次，靠的就是连接手段。2023 年书面表达范文里 "If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us." 一句条件状语从句，把“邀请”写得既礼貌又有余地；同篇 "running for two hours" 用分词状语补出时长。写作里的状语从句不是炫技，是“把话说圆”。 规律四：最容易被误判的是三类词。第一类，while：既可表时间（当……时），也可表对比（而），还可表让步（虽然）——2021 阅读 C 的 "while computers operate at lightning speed" 是对比，不是时间。第二类，since：既可表时间（自从），也可表原因（既然）——2026 阅读 "since you asked" 是原因。第三类，for：既可作介词，也可作并列连词表原因——2020 完形 "for there were too many of us" 是原因。这三类每年都有人栽，务必按“看位置、看标点、看语义”三步定夺。 规律五：复习顺序应先让步、再时间、后条件。从真题密度看，让步从句在阅读完形中出现频率最高（作者态度的转折几乎都靠它），时间从句次之（叙事语篇的主线），条件从句在写作中最有用。建议课堂按“让步→时间→条件→因果结果”的顺序推进，先解决最影响理解的，再补最影响表达的。 考点一 时间状语从句 一、核心概念 时间状语从句用来说明主句动作发生的时间，由时间连词引导。判断的关键不是背连词，而是先看两件事：一是主从句动作的先后关系（同时、先后、持续到某点），二是从句谓语能不能用进行时或完成时。把这两件事定下来，连词自然就选对了。 二、时间状语从句引导词总表 引导词 含义 用法要点 真题/通用例句 when 当……时 最通用；从句可用进行时、一般时、完成时 When she saw the lion approaching, she left the sheep in the path of the lion.（2019A 阅读） while 当……时；而（对比） 从句多用进行时；亦表对比，见考点四 She and I had this conversation almost every day while we were in high school.（2019A 阅读） as 正当……时；随着 强调“一边……一边”，动作同时推进 As Kate was jumping, a teenage boy rushed to her from across the road.（2024 完形） before 在……之前 三种译法：之前／才／趁……还没有 Sometimes we have to be angry before we can do what needs to be done.（2023 阅读 B） after 在……之后 从句常用完成时或一般时 After hesitating for a while, Johnny put the frog into his pocket.（2023 完形） until / till 直到…… 主句为延续性动词用肯定式；为短暂动词用 not…until He didn’t put it down until he heard the shout "Bus coming!"（2020 阅读） since 自从…… 主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时；亦表原因，见考点三 She has lived here since she was a child.（通用例） as soon as 一……就…… 表示紧接发生，可换用 the moment / immediately I really hope you can come as soon as possible.（2024 书面表达范文） the moment / every time / each time 一……就／每次 名词短语起连词作用，后接完整从句 Every time he visits the village, he calls on the old man.（通用例） once 一旦…… 含条件意味，见考点四 Once you start, you will find it hard to stop.（通用例） 三、when / while / as 三辨 对比项 when while as 从句谓语 一般时／进行时／完成时均可 多用进行时（持续性） 多用一般时／进行时（短暂或同步） 动作关系 可先可后，可长可短 强调“在……期间”，两动作同时持续 强调“随着／一边……一边”，同步变化 可否省略主语 可（when doing / when done） 可（while doing） 一般不可 典型场景 叙事中的时间点 背景动作、对比 动作并行推进、随时间变化 真题印证 When crops are green, locusts look green.（2025 阅读 A） while computers operate at lightning speed.（2021 阅读 C） As Kate was jumping…（2024 完形） 四、not…until 的四种形态 结构 构成 例句 肯定式 主句谓语为延续性动词 + until Tiger stayed by my side until he disappeared suddenly under my bed.（2022 语法填空） 否定式 主句谓语为短暂动词 + not…until He didn’t put it down until he heard the shout "Bus coming!"（2020 阅读） 强调句 It is not until…that… It was not until he heard the shout that he put it down.（通用例） 倒装句 Not until 置于句首，主句部分倒装 Not until he heard the shout did he put it down.（通用例） 五、用法精讲 1.时间连词的三个判断步骤 第一步，定先后：两个动作是同时、先后，还是一个持续到另一个发生？同时→when/while/as；先后→before/after；持续到某点→until。 第二步，定谓语：从句是短暂动作还是持续动作？持续动作且与主句并行→while；短暂动作、紧接着发生→as soon as / the moment。 第三步，定期望：主句是肯定还是否定？否定 + 短暂动词→not…until；主句含现在完成时→since。 2.时间状语的省略形式 当从句主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语为 it），且从句谓语含 be 动词时，可省略主语和 be。 When (he was) five, he used to take his father’s clock apart.（2022 阅读 A 原句结构） When hiking and walking, they have to keep the feet in good condition.（2019A 阅读） While (he was) lost in thought, he fell over a stone.（2019A 语法填空语篇） 3.时间状语从句的时态规则 主将从现：主句用一般将来时，时间/条件从句用一般现在时表将来。 When the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color.（2025 阅读 A 原句） 主过从过：叙事语篇中主从句时态一致，但从句动作先发生可用过去完成时。 After he had finished the work, he went home.（通用例） 六、双语例句佐证 When she saw the lion approaching, she left the sheep in the path of the lion quickly. 她看到狮子靠近时，赶紧把羊留在狮子经过的路上。（2019A 阅读·magician 篇） He didn’t put it down until he heard the shout "Bus coming!" 他直到听到“公交车来了”的喊声才放下报纸。（2020 阅读·父亲早晨） As Kate was jumping, a teenage boy rushed to her from across the road. 凯特正在跳绳时，一个十几岁的男孩从马路对面冲向她。（2024 完形·Kate 跳绳） While he was lost in thought, unluckily, he fell over a stone. 他正沉浸在遐想中时，不幸被一块石头绊倒了。（2019A 语法填空·山羊与鸡蛋） Every time he visits the village, he calls on the old man. 每次他回村，都会去看望那位老人。 考点二 让步状语从句 一、核心概念 让步状语从句表达“虽然、尽管、即使、无论”的退让关系，主句往往与从句形成语义转折。它在广东卷里出现的频率高于其他状语从句，原因是作者表态时几乎都要“先退一步再肯定”——读懂让步从句，就读懂了作者真正的立场。 二、让步状语从句引导词总表 引导词 含义 位置与要点 真题/通用例句 although / though 虽然 可置句首或句中；不与 but 连用 Although he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work.（2020 完形） even though 尽管（事实） 语气强于 although，所述为已知事实 Even though it was raining, they went on working.（通用例） even if 即使（假设） 所述为假设，非事实 Even if you fail, you will learn something.（通用例） while 虽然（= although） 只能置句首，且从句多为状态描述 While I understand your point, I still disagree.（通用例） no matter + wh- 无论…… 引导让步从句，可置句首或句尾 However, no matter what she did, she still didn’t get any attention.（2024届模拟卷完形） whatever / whoever / whichever 无论什么／谁／哪个 可引导让步从句，也可引导名词性从句 Whatever solution we choose, as long as we are trying…（2023 阅读 B） whether…or… 无论是……还是…… 并列让步，两项都要完整 Whether you like it or not, you have to face it.（通用例） 三、no matter 类与 -ever 类对照 形式 词性 可引导的从句 例句 no matter what 连词短语 只引导让步状语从句 No matter what she did, she still didn’t get any attention.（2024届模拟卷完形） whatever 代词/限定词 让步状语从句 + 主语/宾语/表语从句 Whatever solution we choose, we have taken the first step.（2023 阅读 B，让步） Whatever the truth is, this discovery gives us a fresh view.（2026 阅读，让步） no matter how 连词短语 只引导让步状语从句，后接 adj./adv. But no matter how hard the boys tried, the frog just wouldn’t talk.（2023 完形） however 副词 让步状语从句（however + adj./adv.）+ 转折副词 However hard he tried, he couldn’t open the door.（通用例） 四、as / though 引导的倒装让步 结构 构成 例句 译文 形容词提前 Adj. + as / though + 主语 + be Tired as he was, he kept on working. 尽管很累，他仍继续工作。 副词提前 Adv. + as / though + 主语 + 谓语 Hard as he tried, he failed again. 尽管他很努力，还是又失败了。 名词提前 N.（不带冠词）+ as / though + 主语 + be Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，却懂得很多。 动词提前 V. + as / though + 主语 + 助动词 Try as he might, he couldn’t solve it. 尽管他尽力尝试，仍解决不了。 五、用法精讲 1.although / though 的三条硬规矩 第一，不能与 but 连用：Although it was late, but he went out.（×）→ Although it was late, he went out.（√） 第二，可与 yet / still 连用加强语气：Although he was tired, yet he kept working. 第三，though 可置句末作副词（意为“不过”）：It’s a good idea, though. 2.让步从句与转折词的分工 although 是连词，连接两个分句；however 是副词，前后要用逗号隔开，不能直接连接两个分句。 Although he was ill, he came to school.（√） He was ill. However, he came to school.（√） He was ill, however he came to school.（×） 3.no matter 与 -ever 的取舍 两者在引导让步从句时基本可互换：No matter what she did = Whatever she did。 但 -ever 词还能引导名词性从句，此时不能用 no matter 替换。 Whatever he said surprised us.（主语从句 √）／ No matter what he said surprised us.（×） 判断口诀：从句能移到句首且句意不变→让步；从句充当主句的成分（主语/宾语/表语）→名词性从句。 六、双语例句佐证 Although he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work, for there were too many of us. 虽然他穿上了暖和的衣服，但没有用，因为我们人太多了。（2020 完形·感冒病毒） Whatever solution we choose, as long as we are trying to find the solution, we have taken the first step. 无论我们选择什么方案，只要我们努力寻找解决办法，就已经迈出了正确的第一步。（2023 阅读 B·愤怒） However, no matter what she did, she still didn’t get any attention. 然而，无论她做什么，仍然得不到任何关注。（2024届模拟卷·完形 Susan） Whatever the truth is, this discovery gives us a fresh and respectful view of wolves’ intelligence. 无论真相如何，这一发现都让我们对狼的智慧有了全新而尊重的看法。（2026 阅读·狼的智慧） Tired as he was, he kept on working. 尽管很累，他仍继续工作。（通用例·倒装让步） 考点三 原因、目的与结果状语从句 一、核心概念 原因、目的、结果三类从句共同承担“说理”的功能，是说明文和议论文的骨架。广东卷的阅读说理段几乎每一段都由 because 撑起逻辑，书面表达里想拿高分也离不开 so…that 与 so that。这一考点的难点不在引导词，而在四组易混结构的边界。 二、because / since / as / for 四辨 连词 语气强度 能否回答 why 位置 真题/通用例句 because 最强，直接原因 能 主句前后均可 I just think that she can’t accept failures because she lives her life as a perfectionist.（2019A 阅读） since 次强，“既然”已知理由 能 多置句首 Since you asked, I will tell you the whole story.（2026 阅读） as 较弱，双方共知的原因 能 多置句首 As it was raining, we stayed at home.（通用例） for 补充说明，非直接原因 不能 只能置主句之后，前有逗号 It didn’t work, for there were too many of us.（2020 完形） 三、目的与结果状语从句 结构 类型 要点 例句 so that 目的 从句常含 can / could / may / might It asked Johnny for a kiss so that it could turn back into a princess.（2023 完形） in order that 目的 较正式，可置句首 In order that everyone could hear, he spoke louder.（通用例） so + adj./adv. + that 结果 so 后接形容词或副词 We are so used to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing.（2021 阅读 C） such + (a/an) + adj. + n. + that 结果 such 后接名词短语 It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.（通用例） so that（结果） 结果 从句前常有逗号，从句不含情态动词 He got up late, so that he missed the bus.（通用例） 四、四组易混结构辨析 易混点 区别 判定方法 because vs because of because 接从句；because of 接名词/代词/动名词 空后是完整句子→because；是短语→because of so that（目的）vs so…that（结果） 目的从句含情态动词，主句与从句间无逗号；结果从句不含情态动词 看从句有没有 can/could/may/might；有→目的 so…that vs such…that so 修饰形容词/副词；such 修饰名词短语 看空后第一个词：形容词/副词→so；名词→such since（时间）vs since（原因） 时间义主句用现在完成时；原因义主句时态不限 看主句时态与句意：完成时+“自从”→时间 五、用法精讲 1.因果链的读取顺序 读说明文时，先找 because / since / as，它们标明“结论在前、依据在后”或“依据在前、结论在后”。 2023 阅读 B 第二段：Most people think of anger as a feeling we must keep under control.（结论）→ Children are sometimes sent to their rooms…（举例）→ 全段逻辑靠“结论—例证”推进，没有一个 because，但读懂了才知道作者在讲“社会规训”。 2.目的与结果的三种改写 目的：so that + 从句 ↔ in order to / so as to + 动词原形 ↔ to + 动词原形 It asked for a kiss so that it could turn back into a princess. = It asked for a kiss in order to turn back into a princess. 结果：so…that ↔ such…that ↔ too…to / enough to We are so used to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing. = We are too used to constant activities to sit and do nothing. 3.结果状语从句的倒装 so + adj./adv. 置于句首时，主句部分倒装，从句不变。 So used are we to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing.（通用例） Such was his anger that he could not speak.（通用例） 六、双语例句佐证 I just think that she can’t accept failures because she lives her life as a perfectionist. 我只是觉得她不能接受失败，因为她以完美主义者的方式生活。（2019A 阅读·perfectionist 篇） We are so used to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing. 我们太习惯于不停歇的活动，以至于很难坐着什么也不做。（2021 阅读 C·速度） It didn’t work, for there were too many of us. 那没有用，因为我们人太多了。（2020 完形·感冒病毒） It asked Johnny for a kiss so that it could turn back into a beautiful princess. 它向约翰尼讨一个吻，好让自己变回美丽的公主。（2023 完形·青蛙） Since you asked, I will tell you the whole story. 既然你问了，我就把整件事告诉你。（2026 阅读·原句结构） 考点四 条件、比较与方式状语从句 一、核心概念 条件状语从句是书面表达的“礼貌开关”——加一个 if，邀请就从强硬变成商量；比较状语从句是阅读的“程度刻度”——as…as、more than 决定你判断作者是“更”还是“不如”；方式状语从句则是叙事的“画面感来源”。这三类在语法填空中同样极少设空，但在写作与阅读中不可或缺。 二、条件状语从句引导词总表 引导词 含义 要点 真题/通用例句 if 如果 主将从现；虚拟条件句另见专题04 If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us.（2023 书面表达范文） unless 除非（= if…not） 本身含否定，主句不再加 not Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.（通用例） as long as 只要 强调条件的充分性 As long as we are trying to find the solution, we have taken the first step.（2023 阅读 B） once 一旦 含时间与条件双重意味 Once you start, you will find it hard to stop.（通用例） in case 以防 从句用一般现在时表将来 Take an umbrella in case it rains.（通用例） provided / provided that 假如（正式） 多用于书面语 Provided that you work hard, you will succeed.（通用例） 三、比较状语从句结构表 结构 含义 要点 真题/通用例句 as + adj./adv. + as 和……一样 中间用原级 I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey.（2019A 阅读） not as / so + adj./adv. + as 不如…… 否定比较 He is not as tall as his brother.（通用例） 比较级 + than 比……更 than 后接完整或省略的从句 The more ways you use, the better you learn.（2024 阅读 B） the + 比较级, the + 比较级 越……越…… 两个分句都要用比较级 The more you read, the more you know.（通用例） as much as one can 尽某人所能 as…as 后接从句，常用 can/could The whole village avoided him as much as they could.（2021 语法填空） 四、方式状语从句 结构 含义 语气 例句 as if / as though 好像 所述可能为真，用陈述语气 It looks as if it is going to rain.（通用例） as if / as though + 虚拟 好像（与事实相反） 与现在相反用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时 He acted as if nothing had happened.（通用例） the way (that) 以……的方式 口语中可省 that Do it the way I showed you.（通用例） 五、用法精讲 1.if 条件句在主将从现中的位置 主句用一般将来时（will / be going to），从句用一般现在时。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（√） If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.（×） 从句若含情态动词表意愿，可用 will：If you will help me, I can finish it today. 2.写作中的条件句三种分寸 强邀请：Please come and join us. 留余地：If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us.（2023 书面表达范文） 表期待：I would be grateful if you could come.（通用例） 同一件事，加不加 if、用不用 could，礼貌程度差一个档。合格考书面表达想上 20 分，这三档要会用。 3.while 的三义辨析（本专题最高频陷阱） 时间义：While he was lost in thought, he fell over a stone.（2019A 语法填空） 对比义：Motor cars cover a hundred miles in an hour, while computers operate at lightning speed.（2021 阅读 C） 让步义：While I understand your point, I still disagree.（通用例） 判定方法：看主从句是否“同时进行”（时间）／是否“两相对照”（对比）／是否“退让转折”（让步）。 六、双语例句佐证 If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us. 如果您没有预约安排，请来参加我们的活动。（2023 书面表达·范文） As long as we are trying to find the solution, we have already taken the first step. 只要我们努力寻找解决办法，就已经迈出了第一步。（2023 阅读 B·愤怒） I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey. 我觉得那份成功的记忆像蜜一样甜。（2019A 阅读·跑步） Motor cars cover a hundred miles in an hour, while computers operate at lightning speed. 汽车一小时能跑一百英里，而电脑以闪电般的速度运转。（2021 阅读 C·速度） The whole village avoided him as much as they could. 全村人尽可能躲着他。（2021 语法填空·Peter） 考点一：时间状语从句 例1.(2019年1月广东学考A卷·语法填空语篇改编) ________ he was lost in thought, unluckily, he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. 【答案】While 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：他正沉浸在遐想中时，不幸被一块石头绊倒了，所有鸡蛋都掉在地上。从句 he was lost in thought 用过去进行时，表示一个正在持续的动作；主句 fell 用一般过去时，表示在这个持续过程中突然发生的事。两者是"背景—突发"关系，用 while 最贴切，意为"在……期间"。原句即用 While 引导，本空将引导词设为考点，考查"从句进行时 + 主句一般时"的判定。 【点睛】看到"从句用进行时、主句用一般时"的组合，先想 while：它给主句动作提供一个正在进行的背景。 例2.(2020年1月广东学考·阅读理解语篇句) He didn’t put it down ________ he heard the shout "Bus coming!" 【答案】until 【详解】考查 not…until 结构。句意：他直到听见"公交车来了"的喊声，才把报纸放下。主句谓语 put down 是短暂性动作，且用了否定式 didn’t，符合"短暂动词 + not…until"的固定搭配，表示"直到……才"。若主句是延续性动词（如 waited、stayed），则用肯定式 until。 【点睛】not + 短暂动词 + until = 直到……才；延续动词直接接 until，不加 not。这条规则决定了 90% 的 until 题。 例3.(2024年1月广东合格考·完形填空语篇句) ________ Kate was jumping, a teenage boy rushed to her from across the road. A. Until B. As C. Since D. Before 【答案】B 【详解】考查时间连词的辨析。句意：正当凯特跳绳的时候，一个十几岁的男孩从马路对面冲向她。A. Until 直到；B. As 正当……时；C. Since 自从／既然；D. Before 在……之前。从句 Kate was jumping 是正在进行的动作，主句 rushed 是紧接着发生的动作，两者同步推进，as 强调"一边……一边／正当……之际"，最贴合原句。原句即用 As 引导。 【点睛】as ≈ "正当"；while ≈ "在……期间"（强调持续）；when ≈ "当……时"（最通用）。三者都可以，但语感不同。 1. ________ she saw the lion approaching, she left the sheep in the path of the lion quickly and went back home. 【答案】When 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：当她看到狮子靠近时，赶紧把羊留在狮子经过的路上，然后回家了。从句 she saw the lion approaching 是短暂动作，与主句 left…went 先后相接，用 when 引导。（ 2019年1月广东学考A卷·阅读理解 magician 篇） 2. Her job was to stop a bus ________ it came. 【答案】when 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：她的任务是公交车来的时候把它拦下。从句 it came 是瞬时动作，主句 stop a bus 随即发生，用 when（当……时）。若用 while，则暗示"在公交车行驶期间一直拦"，不合逻辑。（ 2020年1月广东学考·阅读理解·父亲早晨篇） 3. Tiger stayed by my side until he ________ (disappear) suddenly under my bed. 【答案】disappeared 【详解】考查 until 从句中的时态。句意：Tiger 一直守在我身边，直到他突然消失在我床下。主句 stayed 是过去时，until 从句表示"到过去某一时刻为止"，也用一般过去时，故填 disappeared。这一空是 2022年1月广东合格考语法填空第39空原题，原卷只考时态，此处顺带复习 until 从句的时间定位。 4. And ________ you doodle while listening to a lecture, you are using all four. 【答案】when 【详解】考查时间状语从句 + 省略式。句意：当你一边听课一边涂鸦时，你四种学习方式都在用。while listening 是"while you are listening"的省略形式（从句主语与主句一致且含 be，可省主语和 be）。整个从句由 when 引导，表示"在……的时候"。（ 2024年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇 doodling） 考点二：让步状语从句 例1.(2023年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇语篇句（愤怒）) ________ solution we choose, as long as we are trying to find the solution to the problem, we have already taken the first step in the right direction. 【答案】Whatever 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论我们选择什么方案，只要我们努力寻找解决这个问题的办法，就已经朝着正确方向迈出了第一步。空格后是名词 solution，从句 we choose 缺宾语，需要能修饰名词且充当宾语的词——whatever（无论什么）正好，相当于 no matter what。注意句首大写。 【点睛】whatever / whichever 后可直接跟名词，no matter what 不行：Whatever solution（√）／ no matter what solution（×）。 例2.(2020年1月广东学考·完形填空语篇句（感冒病毒）) ________ he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work, for there were too many of us. A. But B. Although C. However D. Because 【答案】B 【详解】考查让步状语从句及连词与副词的区别。句意：虽然他穿上了暖和的衣服，但没有用，因为我们人数太多了。A. But 是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，不能引导从句置于句首并与后面的主句构成"主从"关系；C. However 是连接副词，须用逗号隔开，也不能直接引导从句；D. Because 表原因，与句意相反。只有 Although 能引导让步状语从句，且不与 but 连用。原句即用 Although。 【点睛】although 是连词（后面直接跟从句，不用逗号）；however 是副词（后面要逗号）。这是广东卷最常设的干扰项。 例3.(2024届广东春季高考模拟卷·完形填空第26空句式改编) However, ________ she did, she still didn’t get any attention. 【答案】no matter what（或 whatever） 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：然而，无论她做什么，仍然得不到任何关注。空格后是完整的主谓结构 she did，缺宾语，需要"无论什么"含义的连接词。可填 no matter what 或 whatever，两者在此完全等价。原卷第 26 空考的是副词 However（作转折），本空将其后的 no matter what 设为考点，考查让步从句的引导词。 【点睛】no matter what = whatever，可互换；但 whatever 还能引导主语/宾语从句，no matter what 不能。 1. ________ the truth is, this discovery gives us a fresh and respectful view of wolves’ intelligence. 【答案】Whatever 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论真相如何，这一发现都让我们对狼的智慧有了全新而尊重的看法。从句 the truth is 缺表语，需要"无论什么"含义的词，whatever 正好可作表语并引导让步从句，相当于 no matter what。句首注意大写。（2026年1月广东合格考·阅读理解·狼的智慧篇） 2. But ________ hard the boys tried, the frog just wouldn’t talk. 【答案】no matter how（或 however） 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：但是无论孩子们多么努力地尝试，青蛙就是不肯说话。空格后是形容词 hard，需要"无论多么"含义的引导词，用 no matter how 或 however 均可。no matter how 与 however 等价，但 however 还能作转折副词，no matter how 只能引导让步从句。（ 2023年1月广东合格考·完形填空·青蛙篇） 3. ________ you are not an artist, doodling can help you. 【答案】Even if 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：即使你不是艺术家，涂鸦也能帮到你。"你不是艺术家"是一种假设，不是已知事实，用 even if（即使）；若所述为事实则用 even though（尽管）。本句是作者对读者的宽慰，属假设，故用 even if。（ 2024年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇 doodling） 4. What’s more, ________ many people live in the countryside, they want to use supermarkets and good fast roads. 【答案】although（或 though） 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：此外，虽然很多人住在乡村，他们却想用超市和便捷的快速路。从句讲"住在乡村"，主句讲"想用城市的设施"，语义相反，用 although / though 引导让步。注意不能填 but——but 是并列连词，不能引导置于句首的从句与后面主句构成主从关系。（2023年1月广东合格考·阅读第二节·英国乡村篇） 考点三：原因、目的与结果状语从句 例1.(2019年1月广东学考A卷·阅读理解语篇句（perfectionist 篇）) I just think that she can’t accept failures ________ she lives her life as a perfectionist. A. because B. because of C. though D. unless 【答案】A 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：我只是觉得她不能接受失败，因为她以完美主义者的方式生活。空格后 she lives her life as a perfectionist 是完整的句子，必须用连词 because；B. because of 是介词短语，后接名词或动名词，不能接句子；C. though 表让步，句意相反；D. unless 表条件"除非"，不合逻辑。原句即用 because。 【点睛】because + 句子；because of + 名词/doing。空后有没有主谓，是唯一判定标准。 例2.(2021年1月广东学考·阅读理解C篇语篇句（速度）) We are so used to constant activities ________ we find it difficult to sit and do nothing. A. as B. that C. which D. than 【答案】B 【详解】考查 so…that 结果状语从句。句意：我们太习惯于不停歇的活动，以至于很难坐着什么也不做。前面是 so + 形容词 used，构成 so…that 固定结构，that 引导结果状语从句。A. as 用于 as…as 比较；C. which 引导定语从句，前面不能有 so；D. than 用于比较级之后。 【点睛】so + adj./adv. + that…；such + (a/an) + adj. + n. + that…。看 that 前是形容词还是名词，一眼定 so / such。 1. I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey, ________ I had to overcome failure to reach it. 【答案】because 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：我觉得那份成功的记忆像蜜一样甜，因为我必须克服失败才能达到它。从句解释"为什么甜"，是直接原因，用 because；且从句是完整句子，不能用 because of。（ 2019年1月广东学考A卷·阅读理解·跑步篇） 2. It didn’t work, ________ there were too many of us. 【答案】for 【详解】考查 for 表原因的用法。句意：那没有用，因为我们人太多了。逗号后补充说明前句的原因，且不能回答 why 的提问、不能置于句首——这是 for 作为并列连词的特征。此处若用 because，语法也对，但原句用的是 for，语义更偏向"补充说明"。（ 2020年1月广东学考·完形填空·感冒病毒篇） 3. My boss was so pleased ________ he trusted me with more important tasks since then. 【答案】that 【详解】考查 so…that 结果状语从句。句意：老板非常满意，从那以后就把更重要的任务交给我。前面是 so + 形容词 pleased，构成 so…that 结构，that 引导结果状语从句。注意不要误填 as——as 用于 as…as 比较结构，前面不能是单独的 so。（ 2024年1月广东合格考·阅读理解A篇 saying yes） 4. It asked Johnny for a kiss ________ it could turn back into a beautiful princess. 【答案】so that 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：它向约翰尼讨一个吻，好让自己变回美丽的公主。从句含情态动词 could，表示目的，用 so that 引导（也可用 in order that）。若从句不含情态动词、且主从句间有逗号，则 so that 表结果。这里的 could 是判定目的的关键标志。（ 2023年1月广东合格考·完形填空·青蛙篇） 考点四：条件、比较与方式状语从句 例1.(2021年1月广东学考·阅读理解C篇语篇句（速度）) Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour, aircraft cross the world within a day, ________ computers operate at lightning speed. A. when B. while C. until D. before 【答案】B 【详解】考查 while 表对比的用法。句意：汽车一个多小时能跑一百英里，飞机一天之内能绕地球一圈，而电脑以闪电般的速度运转。三个分句并列，前两项说"交通工具快"，第三项说"电脑更快"，形成两相对照，用 while（而）最准确。这里 while 不表时间，而是表对比，与前两个分句的并列关系构成"正—更"的层次。 【点睛】while 三义：时间（当……时）／对比（而）／让步（虽然）。看到前后两项在同一维度上比较，就是"对比"。 例2.(2023年1月广东合格考) ________ you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us. 【答案】If 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果您没有预约安排，请来参加我们的活动。主句 please come and join us 是祈使句，从句表示条件，用 if 引导；从句用一般现在时（don’t have），符合"主将从现／主祈从现"的规则。这一句是官方范文中的高分句：加一个 if，就把生硬的邀请变成留有余地的商量，礼貌度明显提升。 【点睛】写作中加 if 是"降调"技巧：Please come.（直接）→ If you are free, please come.（礼貌）。合格考写作提分靠这种细节。 1. ________ one suppresses his anger, he may suffer serious mental and physical health problems. 【答案】If 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果一个人压抑自己的愤怒，他可能会遭受严重的身心健康问题。从句提出假设条件，主句说明结果，用 if 引导；从句用一般现在时（suppresses），主句用情态动词 may + 动词原形，符合"主将从现"的变体（情态动词也属"将来"范畴）。（ 2023年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇·愤怒） 2. The more ways you use, ________ better you learn. 【答案】the 【详解】考查"the + 比较级, the + 比较级"结构。句意：你使用的方式越多，学得就越好。前半句是 The more ways you use，后半句对应 the better you learn，两个分句都用"the + 比较级"开头，表示"越……越……"。此处缺冠词 the。（ 2024年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇 doodling） 3. So the whole village avoided ________ (he) as much as they could. 【答案】him 【详解】考查比较状语从句 + 代词。句意：所以全村人都尽可能躲着他。avoided 是及物动词，后接代词宾格 him；as much as they could 是比较状语从句，意为"尽他们所能（地多）"，修饰 avoided 的程度。这一空是 2021年1月广东学考语法填空第38空原题。（ 2021年1月广东学考·语法填空·Peter 篇） 4. ________ giving presents during holidays or offering a listening ear to a friend in need, we are improving our mental health. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查 whether…or… 引导的让步状语从句。句意：无论是节日送礼物，还是倾听需要帮助的朋友，我们都在改善自己的心理健康。Whether A or B 表示"无论是 A 还是 B"，A、B 两项结构对称（giving… / offering…），此处省略了从句主语和 be 动词。（ 2026年1月广东合格考·阅读第二节·给予与健康篇） 一、单项选择（共10题） 从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. He didn’t put it down ________ he heard the shout "Bus coming!" A. since B. before C. until D. after 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他直到听见"公交车来了"的喊声，才把报纸放下。didn’t + 短暂动词 put down，构成 not…until 结构，表示"直到……才"。since 表"自从"，需与现在完成时连用；before 表"在……之前"，与 didn’t 连用会变成"没放下之前"，语义混乱；after 与句意相反。（ 2020年1月广东学考·阅读理解） 2. ________ we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. A. While B. When C. Until D. Unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我们乘飞机高速穿越世界、损失或增加半天时间时，我们的身体会告诉我们。从句描述一个具体情况（lose or gain half a day），主句说明随之出现的结果，用 when 最自然。While 强调"在……期间持续"，此处 lose or gain 是瞬时结果，不合；Until 表"直到"，句意不通；Unless 表"除非"，逻辑不符。（ 2021年1月广东学考·阅读理解C篇·速度） 3. ________ Kate was jumping, a teenage boy rushed to her from across the road. A. Until B. Since C. As D. Before 【答案】C 【详解】句意：正当凯特跳绳的时候，一个十几岁的男孩从马路对面冲向她。as 强调"正当……之际"，主从句动作同步推进，最贴合原句语感。Until 表"直到"，需与延续动作或 not 连用；Since 表"自从／既然"，与叙事不符；Before 表"在……之前"，会变成"在她跳绳之前"，时间关系反了。（ 2024年1月广东合格考·完形填空·Kate 跳绳） 4. ________ he was lost in thought, unluckily, he fell over a stone. A. While B. Until C. Since D. As soon as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他正沉浸在遐想中时，不幸被一块石头绊倒了。从句 was lost in thought 是持续性状态，主句 fell 是突发动作，用 while 提供"正在进行"的背景最准确。Until 表"直到"，Since 表"自从／既然"，As soon as 表"一……就"，均不合句意。（ 2019年1月广东学考A卷·语法填空·山羊与鸡蛋） 5. ________ the kids next door saw that, they asked their parents if they could go, too. A. Although B. When C. Unless D. Even if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：隔壁的孩子们看到那一切后，就问父母他们能不能也去。从句 saw that 是主句 asked 的时间前提，先后相接，用 when（当……时）。Although / Even if 表让步，Unless 表条件，均与"看到之后才问"的先后关系不符。（ 2026年1月广东合格考·完形填空·邻里日篇） 6. ________ solution we choose, we have already taken the first step in the right direction. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. Whoever 【答案】A 【详解】句意：无论我们选择什么方案，都已经朝着正确方向迈出了第一步。空格后是名词 solution，需要能修饰名词的词：whatever（无论什么）可作限定词，相当于 no matter what。Whenever 表时间、Wherever 表地点、Whoever 表人，都不能修饰 solution。（2023年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇·愤怒） 7. ________ he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work, for there were too many of us. A. But B. However C. Although D. Because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：虽然他穿上了暖和的衣服，但没有用，因为我们人数太多了。But 是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，不能引导从句与后面主句构成主从关系；However 是连接副词，后面须用逗号隔开，也不能直接引导从句；Because 表原因，与"虽然"相反。只有 Although 能引导让步状语从句。（ 2020年1月广东学考·完形填空·感冒病毒篇） 8. However, ________ she did, she still didn’t get any attention. A. no matter what B. no matter how C. no matter where D. no matter when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：然而，无论她做什么，仍然得不到任何关注。从句 she did 缺宾语，需要"无论什么"含义的短语，用 no matter what（= whatever）。no matter how 后须接形容词或副词；no matter where / when 分别表地点和时间，都不能填补 did 的宾语。（ 2024届广东春季高考模拟卷·完形填空·Susan 篇） 9. I just think that she can’t accept failures ________ she lives her life as a perfectionist. A. because of B. because C. though D. unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我只是觉得她不能接受失败，因为她以完美主义者的方式生活。空格后 she lives her life as a perfectionist 是完整句子，必须用连词 because。because of 是介词短语，只能接名词或动名词；though 表让步、unless 表条件，与句意的因果关系不符。（ 2019年1月广东学考A卷·阅读理解·perfectionist 篇） 10. ________ these ice creams are made from different kinds of plant milk, less water and energy are required in the production. A. Although B. Unless C. Since D. Even if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于这些冰淇淋是用不同种类的植物奶制成的，生产过程中需要的水和能源更少。前后是"原因—结果"关系：因为是植物奶做的，所以更省水省能，用 Since（既然、由于）。Although 表让步、Unless 表条件、Even if 表让步，都切断不了这个因果链。（ 2024年1月广东合格考·阅读第二节·植物冰淇淋篇） 二、单句语法填空（共10题） 在下列各句的空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 11. She read the letter again and again ________ she died. 【答案】till（或 until） 【详解】句意：她一遍又一遍地读那封信，直到去世。主句 read again and again 是延续性动作，用肯定式 till / until 表示"一直持续到……为止"，不加 not。（2020年1月广东学考·阅读理解·母亲的信篇） 12. Many family-friendly companies also give paid leave to both parents ________ a baby is born. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：许多对家庭友好的公司也在孩子出生时给父母双方带薪假期。从句 a baby is born 是主句动作发生的时间点，用 when 引导。注意这里不用 while——born 是瞬时动作，不具持续性。（ 2021年1月广东学考·阅读理解·育儿假篇） 13. ________ he was five he used to take his father’s clock apart and put it back together again. 【答案】When 【详解】句意：他五岁时常常把父亲的钟拆开再装回去。从句 he was five 表年龄时间点，用 when 引导，句首大写。主句 used to 表过去习惯，与从句过去时呼应。（2022年1月广东合格考·阅读理解A篇·George Daniels） 14. And don’t add a comma ________ you feel like it. 【答案】when（或 whenever） 【详解】句意：也不要凭感觉随便加逗号。从句 you feel like it 表示"当你想要的时候"，用 when 引导；若强调"每当"，可用 whenever。祈使句主句 + 时间从句，是说明文常见的提醒句式。（ 2022年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇·逗号） 15. She and I had this conversation almost every day ________ we were in high school. 【答案】while 【详解】句意：高中时我们几乎每天都这样聊。从句 we were in high school 表示一段持续的时期，主句动作在这段时期内反复发生，用 while（在……期间）最贴切；用 when 亦可，但 while 更强调"那段期间"。（ 2019年1月广东学考A卷·阅读理解·perfectionist 篇） 16. He began to think that he would save eggs ________ they were in short supply. 【答案】until（或 till） 【详解】句意：他开始盘算着把鸡蛋存起来，直到它们缺货（再卖）。主句 save eggs 是延续性动作，用肯定式 until 表"一直存到……为止"。注意与"not…until"区分：本句主句没有否定，意思是"存到缺货为止"，而非"直到缺货才开始存"。（ 2019年1月广东学考A卷·语法填空·山羊与鸡蛋） 17. I was never good at running, so I failed every time ________ the third year at school. 【答案】until（或 till） 【详解】句意：我一直不擅长跑步，所以每次都失败，直到中学第三年（才通过）。failed every time 表示反复失败，这一状态持续到第三年为止，用 until。句中的 every time 是名词短语作状语（每次），不是连词，不要与 until 混淆。（ 2019年1月广东学考A卷·阅读理解·跑步篇） 18. Brown believes doodling is helpful ________ it includes more than one way of learning. 【答案】because（或 since / as） 【详解】句意：布朗认为涂鸦有帮助，因为它包含不止一种学习方式。从句直接说明"为什么有帮助"，是直接原因，用 because 最准确；用 since / as 亦可，但语气较弱。空格后是完整句子，不能填 because of。（ 2024年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇·doodling） 19. We are ________ used to constant activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing. 【答案】so 【详解】句意：我们太习惯于不停歇的活动，以至于很难坐着什么也不做。空格后是形容词 used，且后面有 that 引导的结果从句，构成 so + adj. + that 结构，故填 so。若空格后是名词短语（如 such constant activities），则用 such。（ 2021年1月广东学考·阅读理解C篇·速度） 20. But ________ the point of doodling is to help you think, then it doesn’t matter what the picture looks like. 【答案】if 【详解】句意：但如果涂鸦的目的是帮你思考，那么图画成什么样就不重要了。从句提出假设条件，主句给出在该条件下的结论，用 if 引导；从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时（陈述客观判断），符合条件句的时态规则。（ 2024年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇·doodling） 一、阅读理解（共3篇15题） A、B 两篇为四选一；C 篇为七选五（5选5，无干扰项），从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每篇均标明出处。 A （2023年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试·阅读理解第一节 A篇） A new interactive (互动的) map shows which parts of the world have been hit hardest by climate change. The map, called ClimateEX, allows users to see how global warming (全球变暖) influences temperature and rainfall across the Earth. The map shows, in the UK, areas of eastern Scotland have been most influenced by climate change. In the US, the west coast has seen a rise in temperature and loss of rainfall. The map also shows that over the next 50 years parts of Wales and northeast England will see big changes to their climate. Developed by a scientist at the University of Cincinnati, the map uses 50 years of public climate data from 50,000 international weather stations around the Earth. It shows not only how the climate has changed, but also what will possibly happen by the year 2070. According to the map, over the next 50 years Central America will be subject to terrible heat and rainfall. Papua New Guinea, southeastern China, the west coast of the US, Greenland and the Arctic are also easily influenced, most importantly for sea level change. ClimateEX can also help users search for places where climate change may lead to extreme phenomena (现象) in the future. The user simply touches the place where storms are frequent at present on the map and then ClimateEX will show all the places where storms are likely to happen in 50 years. 6. A rise in temperature and loss of rainfall have happened in ________. A. the US B. China C. Papua New Guinea D. the UK 7. The map tells the climate change in the future by ________. A. setting up weather stations B. recording rainfall C. measuring the sea levels D. using past climate data 8. The underlined phrase "be subject to" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________. A. cause B. suffer C. avoid D. change 9. According to the last paragraph, the map can ________. A. reduce the influences of climate change B. change the climates of different countries C. show where extreme climates will happen D. suggest how people deal with climate change 10. What is the best title for the passage? A. Increasing Rainfall B. An Amazing Map C. A Map of the World D. Changeable Climate 【答案】6. A 【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 "In the US, the west coast has seen a rise in temperature and loss of rainfall."（在美国，西海岸气温上升、降雨减少）可知，美国出现了气温上升和降雨减少的情况。故选 A。 【答案】7. D 【详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 "the map uses 50 years of public climate data from 50,000 international weather stations"（该地图使用了全球 5 万个气象站 50 年来的公共气候数据）可知，它利用过去的气候数据预测未来变化。故选 D。 【答案】8. B 【详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段 "It shows not only how the climate has changed, but also what will possibly happen by the year 2070." 及第四段 "over the next 50 years Central America will be subject to terrible heat and rainfall" 可推断，中美洲将"遭受"酷热与暴雨。cause 引起、avoid 避免、change 改变，均不合。故选 B。 【答案】9. C 【详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段 "ClimateEX can also help users search for places where climate change may lead to extreme phenomena in the future." 可知，该地图能显示未来极端气候可能发生的地点。它不能"减少影响""改变气候""提出应对办法"。故选 C。 【答案】10. B 【详解】主旨大意题。第一段介绍 "A new interactive map"，第三段说明其数据来源与预测能力，末段介绍其搜索功能，全文围绕这张"令人惊叹的地图"展开。A、C、D 均只涉及局部或过于宽泛。故选 B。 B （2021年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试·阅读理解 C篇） Modern inventions have greatly increased people’s love of speed. Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour, aircraft cross the world within a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year we produce motor cars which go even faster and each new computer is said to save precious seconds in handling tasks. All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag (时差反应): our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too much time in front of computers results in eye pain or finger pain. Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists. Too much use may do harm to our brains, a bad result we do not like to think about. What do we do with the time we have saved then? Certainly not relax. We are so used to constant (连续不断的) activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. Modern inventions have brought us great benefits, but at the same time, we have lost a lot of fun as human beings. There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the farming of the land or the care of cattle. Their lives went on at a much slower speed, and in a familiar pattern. We might admire a way of life like this, yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays. Modern technology has changed everything. 11. The underlined word "lightning" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________. A. fast B. unexpected C. possible D. exciting 12. According to Paragraph 2, we save time at the price of our ________. A. happiness B. health C. wealth D. safety 13. According to the passage, modern inventions make life ________. A. happier and more relaxing B. faster and less enjoyable C. simpler and less comfortable D. slower and healthier 14. The last paragraph suggests that ________. A. life in the future will be better B. we should do more physical work C. we cannot enjoy modern life D. our life cannot be what it used to be 15. Which section of the newspaper is the passage probably from? A. Business. B. Education. C. Life. D. Sports. 【答案】11. A 【详解】词义猜测题。"computers operate at lightning speed" 中 lightning（闪电）修饰 speed，与前文 "Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour"、"aircraft cross the world within a day" 并列，都在强调"快"。故选 A。 【答案】12. B 【详解】细节理解题。第二段列举了时差反应（jet lag）、眼痛、手指痛、可能伤害大脑等后果，这些都是身体（健康）方面的代价。happy 幸福、wealth 财富、safety 安全均非本段所指。故选 B。 【答案】13. B 【详解】推理判断题。全文一方面说现代发明让速度越来越快（faster），另一方面反复强调代价：“at a price”“we have lost a lot of fun as human beings”。故主旨是：更快但乐趣更少。A 与文意相反；C 的 simpler 无从谈起；D 与 “love of speed” 矛盾。故选 B。 【答案】14. D 【详解】推理判断题。末段说过去人们的生活节奏慢、模式熟悉，"such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays"，即那种生活对今天的人来说只能是个梦——我们的生活回不到从前了。作者并未说未来更好（A）、也未号召多劳动（B）、更没否定享受现代生活（C）。故选 D。 【答案】15. C 【详解】文章出处题。文章谈现代发明如何改变人们的生活节奏与身心状态，属日常生活话题，最可能出自报纸的"生活"版。商业、教育、体育三个版块与内容无关。故选 C。 C （2024届广东省高三第一次春季高考学业水平考试模拟卷） Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. But there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our schools or jobs. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 16 But for many of us, the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is an important step in making new friends. 17 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talks is a very useful skill in relating (关联的) with other people. 18 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 19 Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 20 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. 【选项】 A. Do things together. B. Don’t wait to be spoken to. C. Try not to find fault with your friend. D. Making new friends comes easy for some people. E. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 【答案】16. D 【详解】空后 "But for many of us, the process is difficult and requires courage." 用 But 转折，说明空处应表达"对某些人来说交朋友很容易"，与后文"但对我们很多人来说很难"形成对比。D 项 "Making new friends comes easy for some people."（对一些人来说结交新朋友很容易）正好承接。故选 D。 【答案】17. B 【详解】本段小标题为 "Start a conversation."，空后说 "You can always start the conversation."（你随时都可以先开口）。B 项 "Don’t wait to be spoken to."（不要等着别人先跟你说话）与"主动开口"完全一致。故选 B。 【答案】18. A 【详解】空处是本段的小标题（独占一行）。下文说 "Choosing friends with common interests is important… Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience."（选择兴趣相投的朋友很重要……一起外出总是愉快的），讲的是一起做事。A 项 "Do things together."（一起做事）与之呼应，且句式与其他小标题一致。故选 A。 【答案】19. E 【详解】本段讲"让友谊慢慢成长"：不要用电话、短信、拜访去逼迫新朋友，否则会让人疲惫。E 项 "So you will need to give your friend time to react to you."（所以你需要给朋友时间回应你）由上文顺推而来，So 是明显的因果路标。故选 E。 【答案】20. C 【详解】本段主题是"让朋友做自己"。空前说 "allow your friends to be themselves"，空后说 "Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be."（不要试图把他们变成你想要的样子）。C 项 "Try not to find fault with your friend."（尽量不要挑朋友的毛病）与前后句同为"不要……"的劝告句式，语义连贯。故选 C。 二、完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。（2024年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试·完形填空） It was a sunny day. Kate was jumping rope in front of her house. She had all the time in the world to __21__ her jumping. The jump rope was __22__ to her. It was a birthday __23__ from her grandma, who spent several nights __24__ making it perfect. As Kate was jumping, a teenage boy __25__ to her from across the road. "Give me that," he shouted and __26__ the jump rope from Kate’s hands and ran away. __27__ and angry, Kate ran after the boy, hoping to get it back. "What a __28__ boy," thought Kate. She ran all the way to a park and finally __29__ the boy. There, she saw a younger child __30__ in the pond (池塘). The boy threw an end of the jump rope to the child and pulled the child onto the bank. Kate walked up to them and asked if they needed any __31__. "All good. Thank you," said the boy. Handing the jump rope back to Kate, he __32__, "I’m sorry if I frightened you just now, but I was in a __33__. The rope was a big help." Back home, Kate told her grandma that the rope had helped __34__ a child in the park. She smiled __35__ as she thought of the part her jump rope had played. 21. A. show B. enjoy C. record D. prepare 22. A. short B. strong C. special D. strange 23. A. gift B. card C. cake D. party 24. A. freely B. quickly C. anxiously D. tirelessly 25. A. rode B. drove C. jumped D. rushed 26. A. stole B. took C. received D. borrowed 27. A. Tired B. Touched C. Shocked D. Excited 28. A. lonely B. helpless C. careless D. horrible 29. A. caught up with B. argued with C. shouted at D. got away from 30. A. swimming B. struggling C. playing D. rowing 31. A. help B. time C. money D. advice 32. A. warned B. shouted C. ordered D. apologized 33. A. way B. mess C. hurry D. minute 34. A. save B. find C. lead D. train 35. A. bravely B. proudly C. curiously D. nervously 【答案】21. B 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：她有充足的时间好好享受跳绳。A. show 展示；B. enjoy 享受；C. record 记录；D. prepare 准备。前句说 “sunny day”“in front of her house”，后句说这是奶奶熬夜做的礼物，都指向“享受”。故选 B。 【答案】22. C 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：这根跳绳对她来说很特别。A. short 短的；B. strong 结实的；C. special 特别的；D. strange 奇怪的。后文交代这是奶奶花了好几个晚上做成的生日礼物，所以"特别"。故选 C。 【答案】23. A 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这是奶奶送给她的生日礼物。A. gift 礼物；B. card 卡片；C. cake 蛋糕；D. party 聚会。下文 "who spent several nights making it perfect" 中的 it 指跳绳，说明它是被"做出来"的礼物。故选 A。 【答案】24. D 【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：奶奶花了好几个晚上不知疲倦地把它做得完美。A. freely 自由地；B. quickly 迅速地；C. anxiously 焦虑地；D. tirelessly 不知疲倦地。"several nights" 强调耗时之长，与"不知疲倦"相配。故选 D。 【答案】25. D 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：凯特正在跳绳时，一个十几岁的男孩从马路对面冲向她。A. rode 骑；B. drove 开车；C. jumped 跳；D. rushed 冲。后文 "he shouted and took the jump rope… and ran away" 说明动作急促，rushed 最贴切。故选 D。 【答案】26. B 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：他喊道"给我"，然后从凯特手里夺过跳绳跑了。A. stole 偷；B. took 拿走、夺走；C. received 收到；D. borrowed 借。这是在凯特眼前发生、伴随 "Give me that" 的动作，took…from one’s hands 意为"从某人手中夺走"。故选 B。 【答案】27. C 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：又惊又怒，凯特追着男孩跑，希望能拿回跳绳。A. Tired 累的；B. Touched 感动的；C. Shocked 震惊的；D. Excited 兴奋的。跳绳被人当面抢走，第一反应是"震惊"，与 and angry 并列构成情绪递进。故选 C。 【答案】28. D 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意："多可怕的男孩啊，"凯特心想。A. lonely 孤独的；B. helpless 无助的；C. careless 粗心的；D. horrible 可怕的。此时凯特认为对方是抢东西的坏孩子，后文真相揭晓形成反转。故选 D。 【答案】29. A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她一路追到公园，终于追上了那个男孩。A. caught up with 追上；B. argued with 与……争吵；C. shouted at 朝……喊叫；D. got away from 逃离。前文 "ran all the way to a park" 表明一直在追，结果是"追上"。故选 A。 【答案】30. B 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：在那里，她看到一个更小的孩子正在池塘里挣扎。A. swimming 游泳；B. struggling 挣扎；C. playing 玩耍；D. rowing 划船。后文男孩用跳绳把孩子拉上岸，说明孩子处于危险中，是"挣扎"而非"游泳"。故选 B。 【答案】31. A 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：凯特走过去问他们是否需要帮助。A. help 帮助；B. time 时间；C. money 钱；D. advice 建议。看到有人落水被救起，本能地询问是否需要帮忙。故选 A。 【答案】32. D 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：男孩把跳绳还给凯特，道歉说："如果我刚才吓到你了，对不起……"A. warned 警告；B. shouted 喊叫；C. ordered 命令；D. apologized 道歉。后文直接引语是 "I’m sorry…"，明确是道歉。故选 D。 【答案】33. C 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意："……但我当时很急。"A. in a way 在某种程度上；B. in a mess 一团糟；C. in a hurry 匆忙、着急；D. in a minute 立刻。男孩为救落水孩子而抢跳绳，是"情急之下"的行为，与 "I’m sorry if I frightened you" 呼应。故选 C。 【答案】34. A 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：回到家，凯特告诉奶奶，这根跳绳在公园里帮助救了一个孩子。A. save 救；B. find 找到；C. lead 带领；D. train 训练。前文男孩用跳绳把落水孩子拉上岸，正是"救"。故选 A。 【答案】35. B 【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：想到自己的跳绳所起的作用，她自豪地笑了。A. bravely 勇敢地；B. proudly 自豪地；C. curiously 好奇地；D. nervously 紧张地。自己的礼物帮上了忙，情感是"自豪"。故选 B。 三、语法填空（共7题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Once, there lived a poor man in a small village. He was very clever but didn't want 36 (work) at all. He lived on 37 the villagers gave him every day. One day he got a basket of eggs 38 a kind lady. He began to think that he would save eggs until they were in short supply. Then he could earn a small amount of money by 39 (sell) them at a-very good price. And then he would buy a couple of goats. Very soon, he would have 40 large group of goats. The goat milk would bring him much more money. With the money, he would buy a cow. 41 (it)milk would bring him a lot of money. He would become much 42 (rich ), build a big house and marry a pretty woman. They would have a lot of 43 (child). While he was lost in thought, 44 (unlucky ), he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. He was very sad. That 45 (bring) an end to the man's beautiful dream. 【答案】36. to work 【详解】考查固定搭配。want to do sth.“想做某事”，故答案为to work。 【答案】37. what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：他靠村民们每天给他的东西过活。lived on 后接宾语从句，从句 the villagers gave him 缺宾语，用 what 引导（= the things that）。 【答案】38. from 【详解】考查介词。句意：有一天，他从一位好心女士那里得到一篮鸡蛋。get sth. from sb. 意为"从某人处得到某物"，故填 from。 【答案】39．selling 【详解】考查固定搭配。固定搭配：by doing sth.“通过做某事”，故答案为selling。 【答案】40. a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：很快，他就会有了一大群山羊。a large group of 是固定搭配，表示"一大群"，故填不定冠词 a。 【答案】41. Its 【详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它的奶会给他带来很多钱。空格修饰名词 milk，指代前文的 a cow，用形容词性物主代词 Its，句首大写。 【答案】42. richer 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：他会变得富有得多。前有 much 修饰，且与前文 "much more money" 形成程度递进，用比较级 richer。 【答案】43. children 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：他们会有一大群孩子。a lot of 后接可数名词复数，child 的复数为 children。 【答案】44. unluckily 【详解】考查副词。句意：他正沉浸在遐想中时，不幸被石头绊倒了。空格修饰整个句子 he fell over a stone，用副词 unluckily 作评注性状语。 【答案】45. brought 【详解】考查时态。句意：这结束了他美丽的梦。结合句意可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为brought。 四、书面表达（共1题） （2023年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试·书面表达） 假定你是李华。请给外教 David 写一封邮件，邀请他参加在学校操场举办的"英语之夜"活动。活动时间为下周五晚上六点到八点。 1. 时间和地点； 2. 活动内容：演唱歌曲、朗诵诗歌和表演话剧； 3. 希望对方能参加。 注意： 1. 词数 90 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节，并将开头和结尾抄写在答题卡上，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文如下： Dear David, It is a great privilege for me to invite you to participate in the activity of English Night. Here is some detailed information you may want to know. The event is scheduled to be held on the playground from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. next Friday, running for two hours. We will have lots of activities you are interested in, such as singing, reading poems, and acting English Drama. We really hope that you would accept this invitation. If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 参加：participate in → take part in；举行：hold → throw；对……感兴趣：be interested in → take interest in； 回复：reply → response。 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：We will have lots of activities you are interested in, such as singing, reading poems, and acting English Drama. 拓展句：We will have lots of activities you are interested in, which include singing, reading poems, and acting English Drama. 3. 本专题语法点回扣：状语从句与状语 ① 条件状语从句："If you don’t have prior appointment, please come and join us."—— 加一个 if，把生硬的邀请变成留有余地的商量，这是写作中的"降调"技巧。 ② 分词状语："…from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. next Friday, running for two hours."—— 用现在分词补出持续时间，避免再写一个简单句。 ③ 目的表达："…invite you to participate in the activity of English Night."—— 不定式作宾语补足语，等同于 so that you can participate。 4. 评分要点 ① 三个内容要点（时间地点、活动内容、希望参加）是否齐全；② 书信格式与礼貌用语是否得体； ③ 是否使用复合句与连接手段（if 条件句、such as 列举、分词状语）；④ 词数是否在 90 左右。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $