学考专题04 情态动词、虚拟语气：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，广东专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题04 情态动词、虚拟语气 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 近年广东合格考考查分布 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 情态动词 考点二 虚拟语气 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 情态动词 考点二 虚拟语气 练|巩固提升训练 基础巩固 能力提升 一、课标要求与命题定位 《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》在"语言知识—语法知识"中明确要求：学生应在语境中理解和运用情态动词表达能力、许可、义务、建议、推测、意愿等语气，并能借助虚拟语气表达与事实相反的假设、愿望与建议；在"语篇"与"语用"层面，要求学生在真实的对话与语篇中得体地完成请求、提议、建议、推测等交际功能。 从近三年广东合格考的卷面结构看，本专题呈现"两条腿走路"的考查格局：一条腿在Ⅰ卷情景交际，依托 could you please...?、Shall we...?、May I...? 等委婉句式考查"得体应答"；另一条腿在Ⅱ卷阅读与Ⅲ卷完形，依托 must be、might be、could be、would have done 等结构考查"语篇中的语气推断"。Ⅳ卷语法填空则偶尔以固定句式（如 it's time sb. did）设空。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 课标要求（语言知识·语法） 本专题对应考点 学考常见呈现方式 运用情态动词表达能力、许可、义务、推测、意愿、建议 考点一 情态动词（can/could、may/might、must、shall、should、will/would、need/dare、used to） 情景交际应答；完形填空；阅读语气推断 运用情态动词 + have done 表达对过去的推测与评述 考点一 之"情态动词+have done" 阅读理解句意推断；语法填空 运用虚拟语气表达与事实相反的假设、愿望、建议 考点二 虚拟语气（if 条件句、名词性从句、特殊句式、含蓄条件句） 语法填空固定句式；写作中的高级表达 在语境中得体完成请求、提议、建议等交际功能 考点一 之"委婉句式组块" 情景交际（每题3分） 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 下表统计近三年（2024—2026）广东合格考英语卷中本专题的直接考查点，并附2020、2022两年作为参照，以便看清命题走势。 年份·卷别 考查板块 题号 考查点 2024年1月 广东合格考 Ⅰ 情景交际 第4题 Shall we...? 提出建议及应答 Ⅰ 情景交际 第5题 could you please...? 委婉请求及应答 Ⅱ 阅读理解A篇 第10题相关句 if I had said "no" / would have happened（混合虚拟） 2026年1月 广东合格考 Ⅰ 情景交际 第3题 can 表能力 + It's kind of you 应答 Ⅲ 完形填空 第23空 might be 表不确定推测 Ⅲ 完形填空 第24空 should join in 表"应该" 2022年1月 广东合格考 Ⅰ 情景交际 第5题 Could you...? → Go ahead Ⅲ 完形填空 第29空 I shall fall 中 shall 表第一人称将来 Ⅱ 阅读理解B篇 第11题 Without commas, life would be...（含蓄虚拟） 2020年1月 广东学考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第9空 it's time they (should) deal with（虚拟语气） 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：情景交际是主战场。近三年情景交际5题中，稳定有1～2题直接由情态动词句式承担，且集中在 could you please...?、Shall we...?、Could you...?、May I...? 四个句式上。命题人不换句式，只换应答语，因此把"句式—应答"配成固定组块记忆，是最省力的得分路径。 规律二：阅读完形考"语气推断"，不考"语法填空"。must be（一定）、might be（可能）、could be（可能是）三档推测语气的强弱，直接决定阅读推理题与完形填空中"作者态度""事情可能性"的判断。这类题不会出现"填情态动词"的形式，而是要求考生读懂情态动词背后的确信度。 规律三：虚拟语气以"固定句式"形态出现。广东卷几乎不考 if 条件句的四种时态搭配，而是把 it's time sb. did、Without...、would have done 这类"半固定结构"嵌进语篇。复习时应以"结构—含义"配对为主，不必铺开讲虚拟语气的全部分类。 规律四：2021年起分值抬升，不容轻视。2021年起本卷改为150分、46题、90分钟，情景交际每题3分（共15分）。1道情景交际题的分值＝1道阅读理解题，性价比极高。 考点一 情态动词 一、核心概念 情态动词（Modal Verbs）是表示说话人语气和态度的助动词。它本身有词义（如"可能、必须、允许、应该、愿意"），但不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词原形或"have done / be doing"等结构连用，共同构成谓语。 四大基本特征：① 后接动词原形（不带 to，ought to、used to 除外）；② 没有人称和数的变化（He can swim，can 不加 s）；③ 部分情态动词有过去式（can→could，may→might，will→would，shall→should），但过去式并不总表过去时间，更多用于委婉或虚拟；④ 否定在其后直接加 not，疑问将其提前。 二、分类总览 类别 成员 主要功能 基本情态动词 can/could，may/might，must，shall/should，will/would，ought to 表示能力、许可、义务、推测、意愿、习惯等 半情态动词 need，dare，used to，had better 兼有情态动词与实义动词两种身份，用法需辨析 情态动词+have done must/can't/may/might/could/should/needn't/would + have done 对过去情况的推测、责备、遗憾或虚拟 三、用法精讲 下表先给出八个核心情态动词的用法总览，随后逐一分项精讲用法规则并配例句。 情态动词 核心用法 学考易考点 can / could 能力、许可、可能性、惊讶 could have done 本能够做而未做 may / might 许可、可能性、祝愿 may/might have done 可能已做 must 必须、禁止、必然推测 must have done 一定已做 shall 征求意见、承诺、规章 不同人称用法不同 should / ought to 应该、按常理推测 should have done 本应该做而未做 will / would 意愿、请求、习惯、预测 would 表过去习惯 need / dare 需要、敢于（多用于否定/疑问） needn't have done 本不必做 used to / had better 过去习惯（现已不）、最好 used to 与 would、be used to 区分 （一）can / could 用法 规则说明 例句 表能力 can 表现在能力，could 表过去能力；be able to 可替代 She can speak three languages.（她会说三种语言。） 表许可 can 口语常用；could 更委婉客气 Could I use your phone?（我可以用一下你的电话吗？） 表可能性 多用于否定句、疑问句表"不可能/可能吗"；肯定句中可能性用 may/might 更常见 That can't be true.（那不可能是真的。）Can the news be true?（这消息会是真的吗？） 表惊讶/怀疑 否定式 can't 表强烈否定推测 He can't have left without saying goodbye.（他不可能不辞而别。） could + have done 虚拟用法：本能够做而（因故）没做 I could have passed the exam, but I was too careless.（我本能够通过考试，但太粗心了。） （二）may / might 用法 规则说明 例句 表许可 may 正式，might 更委婉；回答 May I... 时否定常用 mustn't / can't May I come in?—Yes, you may.（我可以进来吗？——可以。） 表可能性 may 可能性较大，might 可能性更小；只用于肯定、否定句，疑问句用 can He may be at home now.（他现在可能在家。）She might not know the news.（她也许不知道这个消息。） 表祝愿 may 置于句首的倒装结构 May you succeed!（祝你成功！） may / might + have done 推测过去"可能已经做了"，might 语气更不确定 He may have missed the train.（他可能没赶上火车。） （三）must 用法 规则说明 例句 表必须 主观义务；否定用 needn't / don't have to 表"不必"，mustn't 表"禁止" You must finish your homework today.（你今天必须完成作业。）You mustn't smoke here.（此处禁止吸烟。） 表必然推测 只用于肯定句，表"一定是"；否定、疑问用 can't / Can... He must be a doctor.（他一定是医生。） must + have done 对过去事实的肯定推测"一定已经做了"，有依据 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.（地面是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。） 反意疑问 must 表推测时，反意问句按动词本身变化；mustn't 表禁止时用 may He must be tired, isn't he?（他一定累了，是吗？） （四）shall 用法 规则说明 例句 第一人称疑问句 征求对方意见或提出建议 Shall I open the window?（要我打开窗户吗？）Shall we go for a walk?（我们去散散步好吗？） 第二、三人称陈述句 表说话人的承诺、警告、威胁或规定 You shall get the book tomorrow.（你明天就能拿到这本书。） 规章、法律文本 表义务、规定 Candidates shall remain seated until the exam ends.（考生须在考试结束前保持就座。） （五）should / ought to 用法 规则说明 例句 表应该 should 与 ought to 基本同义，表义务、建议；ought to 语气略强 You should/ought to see a doctor.（你应该去看医生。） 表推测 按常理"应当会"，用于肯定句 The film should be very popular.（这部电影应当会很受欢迎。） should + have done 本应该做而没做，表责备或遗憾；否定式表"本不应该做而做了" You should have told me earlier.（你本该早点告诉我。）You shouldn't have said that.（你本不该说那话。） （六）will / would 用法 规则说明 例句 表意愿 will 表说话时意愿，would 表过去意愿或更委婉 I will help you with the housework.（我愿意帮你做家务。） 表请求 Would you please... 比 Will you please... 更委婉 Would you please close the door?（请关一下门好吗？） 表习惯 will 表现在习惯性动作；would 表过去习惯（常与 used to 辨析：would 不强调"现在已不"，used to 强调） He will sit there reading for hours.（他常常坐在那儿读上几个小时书。）When young, he would play football every day.（年轻时他每天踢足球。） 表预测 will 表将来预测 It will rain tomorrow.（明天会下雨。） （七）need / dare 用法 规则说明 例句 need 作情态动词 仅用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形，无时态人称变化 You needn't worry about it.（你不必为此担心。）Need I hand in the paper today?（我需要今天交论文吗？） need 作实义动词 need to do / need doing（表被动）；有人称时态变化 The flowers need watering.（这些花需要浇水了。） needn't + have done 本不必做却做了（含"多此一举"意味） You needn't have come so early.（你本不必来这么早的。） dare 作情态动词 多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形 He dare not tell the truth.（他不敢说出真相。） dare 作实义动词 dare to do，有人称时态变化 She doesn't dare to ask questions.（她不敢提问。） （八）used to / had better 用法 规则说明 例句 used to do 过去经常做而现在不再做；疑问、否定用 did 或 used 助动词 I used to get up early.（我过去常早起，现在不了。） be used to doing 习惯于做某事（to 为介词，后接动名词） He is used to living in the countryside.（他习惯于住在乡下。） be used to do 被用来做（被动结构） Wood is used to make paper.（木材被用来造纸。） had better 最好……；否定为 had better not do You had better not stay up late.（你最好不要熬夜。） 四、情态动词 + have done（核心板块） "情态动词+have done"是单选题和语法填空的高频考点，语义高度固化，必须成组记忆。其核心区分标准是：推测类看"肯定/否定/不确定"，虚拟类看"本应做而没做/本不必做而做了"。 结构 含义 性质 例句 must have done 一定已经做了（肯定推测，有依据） 推测 It must have rained last night.（昨晚一定下雨了。） can't / couldn't have done 不可能已经做了（否定推测） 推测 He can't have finished the work so soon.（他不可能这么快就完成工作。） may / might have done 可能已经做了（不确定） 推测 She may have forgotten the appointment.（她可能忘了这个约定。） could have done 本能够做而没做（遗憾） 虚拟 I could have helped you, but I was busy.（我本可以帮你，但当时很忙。） should / ought to have done 本应该做而没做（责备/遗憾） 虚拟 You should have studied for the test.（你本应该为考试复习的。） shouldn't / oughtn't to have done 本不应该做而做了（责备） 虚拟 You shouldn't have told her the secret.（你本不该把秘密告诉她。） needn't have done 本不必做而做了（多余） 虚拟 We needn't have booked the tickets in advance.（我们本不必提前订票的。） would have done 本来会做（多用于虚拟条件句主句） 虚拟 If I had been free, I would have gone with you.（如果我当时有空，我就跟你去了。） 考点二 虚拟语气 一、核心概念 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人所说的内容不是事实，而是假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令或与事实相反的想象。它的核心特征是谓语动词采用特殊的"向过去推移"的形式，因此判断是否用虚拟语气、用哪种形式，关键看"与什么时间的事实相反"。 二、分类总览 类别 典型结构 示例 if 条件句虚拟 if + 过去式 / had done / were to do；主句 would/could/might/should + do/have done If I were you, I would accept it. 名词性从句虚拟 谓语用 (should) + 动词原形 He suggested that we (should) start early. 特殊句式虚拟 wish / if only / would rather / It's time / as if 等 I wish I were a bird. 含蓄条件句 without / but for / or / otherwise / but 引出隐含条件 Without your help, I couldn't have succeeded. 混合虚拟 从句与主句所指时间不同，各自按时间推移 If I had studied hard, I would be a doctor now. 三、if 条件句虚拟语气 if 虚拟条件句是虚拟语气的根基。牢记"时间向后推一格"的原则：与现在事实相反→动词用过去式；与过去事实相反→动词用 had done；与将来事实相反→用 were to do / should do 或过去式。 虚拟时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 did / were would/could/might/should + do If I were you, I would take the job.（如果我是你，我会接受这份工作。） 与过去事实相反 had done would/could/might/should + have done If he had got up earlier, he would have caught the train.（如果他早点起床，就赶上火车了。） 与将来事实相反 were to do / should do / did would/could/might/should + do If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（要是明天下雨，我们就待在家。） 两点补充：① 主句情态动词的选择决定语气强弱，would 表结果、could 表能力、might 表可能、should 表"竟然/应该会"。② 若主句与从句所指时间不一致，构成混合虚拟，各自独立按时间推移，互不迁就。 例：If I had taken your advice, I would be healthy now.（如果我当时听了你的建议，现在身体就好了。）——从句"当时"与过去相反用 had taken；主句"现在"与现在相反用 would be。 （一）省略 if 的倒装 当从句含 were、had、should 时，可省略 if，将 were/had/should 提前到句首，构成倒装。这是语法填空的高频考点。 原句 倒装形式 If I were you, I would try again. Were I you, I would try again. If he had come earlier, he would have met her. Had he come earlier, he would have met her. If it should rain, the match would be put off. Should it rain, the match would be put off. （二）混合虚拟 从句与过去事实相反、主句与现在事实相反时，主句用 would + 动词原形，从句用 had done。判断依据是主、从句各自的时间状语或语境。 四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在表示"建议、要求、命令、愿望"等语义的词后，名词性从句（宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）谓语用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。这是选择题和语法填空的必考点。 （一）宾语从句 动词 suggest（建议）、advise、propose、recommend、order、command、demand、require、request、insist（坚持要求）、desire、decide、ask 等后接 that 从句时，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形。 例：He suggested that we (should) hold the meeting tomorrow.（他建议我们明天开会。）The doctor ordered that the patient (should) stay in bed.（医生要求病人卧床休息。） 【学考易错】suggest 表"暗示、表明"时，从句用陈述语气；insist 表"坚持认为（某一事实）"时，从句用陈述语气；只有表"建议/坚持要求"时才用虚拟。 动词 表……时用虚拟 表……时用陈述 suggest 建议：suggest that sb (should) do 暗示、表明：suggest that sb does/is... insist 坚持要求：insist that sb (should) do 坚持认为：insist that sb does/is... （二）主语从句 ① It is suggested / required / demanded / ordered / proposed + that 从句，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形；② It is necessary / important / essential / natural / strange / vital + that 从句，谓语同样用 (should) + 动词原形。 例：It is required that every student (should) wear school uniform.（要求每个学生穿校服。）It is important that you (should) keep calm in the exam.（考试中保持冷静很重要。） （三）表语从句与同位语从句 当主语或先行词为 suggestion、advice、proposal、demand、order、request、requirement、plan、idea 等名词时，其表语从句或同位语从句用 (should) + 动词原形。 例：My suggestion is that we (should) go by train.（我的建议是我们坐火车去。）The order that the soldiers (should) leave at once was given.（立即撤离的命令已经下达。） 五、特殊句式中的虚拟语气 结构 谓语形式 例句 wish（但愿） 与现在相反：did/were；与过去相反：had done；与将来相反：would/could do I wish I knew the answer.（但愿我知道答案。）I wish I had attended the lecture.（我真希望当时去听了讲座。） if only（要是……就好了） 同 wish If only I had listened to my mother!（要是我当时听了妈妈的话就好了！） would rather（宁愿） 与现在/将来相反：did；与过去相反：had done I'd rather you came tomorrow.（我宁愿你明天来。）I'd rather you hadn't told him.（我倒希望你当时没告诉他。） It's (high/about) time that... 过去式 或 should + 动词原形（should 不可省） It's high time that we took action.（该是我们采取行动的时候了。） as if / as though 与现在事实相反用过去式；与过去相反用 had done；若很可能为真则用陈述语气 He talks as if he knew everything.（他说得好像什么都知道似的。） had hoped that... 从句用 would + 动词原形，表"本希望……（落空）" I had hoped that he would come, but he didn't.（我本希望他会来，但他没来。） 六、含蓄条件句 条件不通过 if 从句直接给出，而由介词短语、连词或上下文暗示，称为含蓄条件句。识别隐含条件是解题关键。 标志词 用法 例句 without / with 没有/有了……，相当于 if 条件 Without water, there would be no life.（没有水就没有生命。） but for 要不是……（多与过去事实相反） But for your help, I couldn't have finished it.（要不是你的帮助，我完不成这件事。） otherwise / or 否则，相当于 if not He worked hard; otherwise he would have failed.（他学习努力，否则就考砸了。） but 本打算……但……（主句虚拟+but 陈述） I would have come, but I was ill.（我本想来的，但当时病了。） 考点一：情态动词 例1.(2019年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试（春季高考）A卷) — Excuse me, ________tell me how to get to the railway station? — ________. You can't miss it. A. Yes, I can B. It's my pleasure to help you C. That's easy D. Turn left at the first crossing 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词 could 引导的委婉请求及应答。句意："——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？——在第一个十字路口左转，你不会错过的。"could you please...? 是 could 表委婉请求的典型句式，回答时应直接给出对方需要的信息（路线），而不是对"能否帮助"本身作答。D项"Turn left at the first crossing"给出了具体方向，与后句"You can't miss it"（你不会错过）构成完整的指路语段，逻辑通顺。 【点睛】A项 Yes, I can 只回答了"能不能"，没有回答"怎么走"，且对 could 引导的请求用 can 作答显得生硬；B项"It's my pleasure to help you"是事后回应感谢的客套话，位置不对；C项"That's easy"评价对方的问题，不符合指路的交际目的。做情景交际题的通用方法：先判断句式的交际功能（请求/提议/建议/感谢/道歉），再找与该功能匹配的应答语块，最后用后文验证。 例2.(2020年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试·语法填空) If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they ________ (deal) with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook. 【答案】dealt 或 should deal 【详解】考查固定句式"It's (high) time that + 从句"中的虚拟语气。该句式中从句谓语用一般过去时，或用 should + 动词原形（should 不可省略）。故填 dealt 或 should deal。句意："如果你的孩子说他们得跳过家务，因为到了该处理作业的时候了，你最好不要放过他们。" 【点睛】这是广东学考语法填空里虚拟语气最可能出现的位置——不是考 if 条件句的时态搭配，而是考"半固定结构"。需要成组记忆的同类结构还有：It's high time that... / It's about time that... / I'd rather... / I wish... / as if...。注意空格给了提示词 (deal)，说明考的是词形变化，此时务必判断是否触发虚拟语气这一"隐性时态"。 例3.(2024年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试) — Shall we go to Harbin for the summer holiday? — ________ A. Never mind B. Not at all C. Sounds great D. The same to you 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词 shall 用于第一人称疑问句提出建议，以及对应答语的判断。句意："——我们暑假去哈尔滨好吗？——听起来不错。"Shall we...? 是 shall 表"提出建议、征求对方意见"的固定句式，应答时应表示赞同或提出异议。C项"Sounds great"意为"听起来不错"，直接表示同意该提议，符合语境。 【点睛】A项"Never mind"用于回应对方的道歉或表示感谢对方不在意；B项"Not at all"用于回应感谢或"你介意吗"；D项"The same to you"用于回应祝福。三者都不是对"提议"的应答。shall 在第一人称疑问句中几乎只考"提建议"这一功能，遇到 Shall we...? / Shall I...? 时，先在心里把它还原成"Let's... / Do you want me to..."，再选应答。 例4.(2024年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试·情景交际) — Mr. Green, could you please spare me a few minutes? — ________ A. Sure B. Good job C. Help yourself D. Good luck 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词 could 用于委婉请求及应答。句意："——格林先生，您能给我几分钟时间吗？——当然可以。"could you please...? 是请求对方做某事的礼貌句式，答语应当就是否答应请求作出回应。A项"Sure"表示欣然同意，最贴合。 【点睛】B项"Good job"用于表扬；C项"Help yourself"用于请对方自便取用食物等；D项"Good luck"用于祝愿。这三项都无法回应"请求"。请注意：虽然问句用了 could（过去式形式），但它表达的是现在时间的委婉请求，答语用 Sure / Certainly / Of course 等现在时形式，不必迁就时态。 例5.(2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试·情景交际) — Could you spare me a few minutes, Mr. Green? I still have some questions. — ________ A. Good job B. Come on C. Go ahead D. Help yourself 【答案】C 【详解】考查 Could you...? 请求句式及应答"Go ahead"。句意："——格林先生，能占用您几分钟吗？我还有几个问题。——说吧。"对方提出"占用几分钟问问题"的请求，C项"Go ahead"意为"请讲、请继续"，是允许对方开始讲话的标准应答。 【点睛】本题与2024年第5题是同一句式的两次考查（问句几乎相同，只换了应答语），足见命题人对 could you...? 这一句式的偏爱。请把这一组应答语块打包记住：请求对方让路/开始 → Go ahead；请求对方帮忙 → Sure / Certainly / Of course / No problem；请求未获同意 → I'm afraid not / Sorry, but...。 1. — Must I visit the professor this week? — No, you ________. A. can't B. mustn't C. wouldn't D. needn't 【答案】D 【详解】句意："——我必须这周去拜访教授吗？——不，你不必。"must 引导的一般疑问句，其否定回答用 needn't 或 don't have to，表示"不必"；mustn't 意为"禁止"，不能用于回答 Must I...?。故选D。 2. The school bag ________ be Teng Fei's. The name on the bag isn't his. A. must B. may C. mustn't D. can't 【答案】D 【详解】句意："这个书包不可能是腾飞的。书包上的名字不是他的。"must 表肯定推测（一定），may 表可能，mustn't 表禁止，can't 表否定推测（不可能）。后句"The name on the bag isn't his"提供了否定依据，故用 can't。故选D。 3. — Where is Lucy? She ________ be in the classroom, because I saw her there five minutes ago. A. must B. can't C. might D. should 【答案】A 【详解】句意："——露西在哪儿？她一定在教室里，因为我五分钟前在那里看到她。"because 从句给出了明确依据，属于有把握的肯定推测，用 must。故选A。 4. They ________ be in the playground. They ________ be in the computer room because it's time for computer lesson. A. mustn't; can't B. can't; must C. can; mustn't D. can't; must 【答案】D 【详解】句意："他们不可能在操场上。他们一定在电脑室，因为现在是电脑课时间。"第一空根据后文"现在是电脑课时间"作出否定判断，用 can't（不可能）；第二空有明确依据，用 must（一定）。故选D。 5. The Internet in our classroom is too slow, so I ________ go to the library to study. A. must B. can C. should D. have to 【答案】D 【详解】句意："我们教室的网络太慢了，所以我不得不去图书馆学习。"网络慢属于客观原因，由此被迫去图书馆，强调客观必要性，用 have to；must 强调说话人主观意愿上的"必须"。故选D。 6. When you are home alone, you ________ answer the door for strangers. A. can B. needn't C. should D. mustn't 【答案】D 【详解】句意："当你独自在家时，你千万不要给陌生人开门。"此处表示强烈的禁止语气，mustn't 意为"禁止、千万不要"。can 表能力，needn't 表不必，should 表应该，均不合语境。故选D。 7. — I can't believe it. Maria has practiced running for two hours. — Yeah. She ________ be very tired now. She needs a good rest. A. can't B. should C. must D. will 【答案】C 【详解】句意："——真不敢相信，玛丽亚已经练习跑步两个小时了。——是啊，她现在一定非常累了，她需要好好休息。"前句已给出充分依据，属于有把握的肯定推测，用 must。故选C。 8. There ________ a meeting this afternoon. But I am not sure. A. may be B. may have C. must be D. must have 【答案】A 【详解】句意："今天下午可能有一场会议，但我不确定。"But I am not sure 表明说话人没有把握，故用 may 表不确定推测；原句是 there be 句型，须用 may be 而非 may have。故选A。 考点二：虚拟语气 例1.(2020年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试) …because it's time they ________ (deal) with their homework… 【答案】dealt / should deal 【详解】见考点一典例2。本题考查 It's time that 从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用一般过去时 dealt，或用 should + 动词原形 should deal（should 不可省略）。 【点睛】同一道真题在本专题两个考点下各讲一次，是因为它同时是"固定句式"和"虚拟语气"的交汇点。请把它当作本专题的核心记忆锚点：it's time sb. did / should do。 例2.(2024年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试) I think about what ________ if I ________ "no" to some challenging tasks. Maybe I ________ so much progress in my job. 【答案】would have happened；had said；would never have made 【详解】考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句 if I had said "no"（had done），主句 what would have happened / I would never have made（would + have done）。句意："我会想，如果当初我对那些有挑战性的任务说'不'，会发生什么。也许我在工作中永远不会取得这么大的进步。" 【点睛】这是广东卷虚拟语气在阅读中最"原型"的一次呈现——完整的三段式：if + had done, 主语 + would have done。做题时不必分析形式，只需抓住"作者在假设一件没有发生的事"，就能判断后文"说yes让我进步"是作者的肯定态度。 例3.(2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试 ) ________ commas, life would be puzzling. 【答案】Without 【详解】考查含蓄条件句。原文开头设问"What would life be like without commas? It would be quite confusing."，第11题改写为"Without commas, life would be ___"。without commas 相当于 if there were no commas，是含蓄条件句的典型标志词，主句用 would + 动词原形，表示与现在事实相反。 【点睛】含蓄条件句的三个高频标志：without（没有）、but for（要不是）、otherwise / or（否则）。三者后面都可以还原成 if 从句，还原后虚拟的时态就能一眼看出。 1. If I ________ more careful, I wouldn't have made such a mistake in the report. A. am B. were C. had been D. would be 【答案】C 【详解】句意："如果我当时更细心一些，就不会在报告里犯这样的错误了。"主句 wouldn't have made 表明与过去事实相反，因此从句须用过去完成时 had been。故选C。 2. ________, I would have attended your birthday party last night. A. If I am free B. If I was free C. Had I been free D. Were I free 【答案】C 【详解】句意："要是我昨晚有空，就去参加你的生日派对了。"主句 would have attended 表与过去事实相反，从句须用 had been；省略 if 后将 had 提前构成部分倒装，即 Had I been free。故选C。 3. ________ for the traffic jam, I would have caught the train. A. If it were not B. Had it not been C. Were it not D. If it hasn't been 【答案】B 【详解】句意："要不是因为交通堵塞，我就赶上火车了。"主句 would have caught 表明与过去事实相反，从句须用 had been；省略 if 后把 had 提前，not 留在主语后，即 Had it not been for...。故选B。 4. If I had made painstaking efforts to improve my craftsmanship in the past, I ________ a popular artisan now. A. am B. were C. would have become D. would become 【答案】D 【详解】句意："如果我过去努力改进我的工艺，我现在会成为一名受欢迎的工匠。"这是混合虚拟：从句与过去事实相反（had made），主句因有 now 而与现在事实相反，用 would + 动词原形。故选D。 5. Bees can help plants grow. ________ bees, we wouldn't have enough food. A. From B. Like C. Except D. Without 【答案】D 【详解】句意："蜜蜂能帮助植物生长。没有蜜蜂，我们就不会有足够的食物。"此处表示"没有蜜蜂"的假设后果，构成含蓄条件句，应用介词 Without（相当于 If there were no bees）。故选D。 6. I'm glad you told me about yesterday's show being cancelled. Otherwise I ________ all the way for nothing. A. travelled B. had travelled C. would travel D. would have traveled 【答案】D 【详解】句意："很高兴你告诉我昨天的演出取消了，否则我就白跑一趟了。"otherwise 引出含蓄条件，相当于 if you hadn't told me；由 told 可知与过去事实相反，主句用 would have done。故选D。 7. It is vital that every student ________ good learning habits. A. forms B. form C. formed D. will form 【答案】B 【详解】句意："每个学生养成良好的学习习惯至关重要。"It is vital / necessary / important + that 从句中，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略，故填动词原形 form。故选B。 8. The people who love peace do think that it is time the violent conflicts in Libya ________. A. come to an end B. put to an end C. came to an end D. bring to an end 【答案】C 【详解】句意："爱好和平的人们确实认为，利比亚的暴力冲突是时候该结束了。"It is time that 从句谓语用一般过去时（或 should + 动词原形）；conflicts 与 come to an end（结束）是主动关系，用 came to an end。B、D两项的 put/bring to an end 意为"使……结束"，需用被动。故选C。 9. The test results suggest that the recovery plan as well as the new running techniques ________ effective, so it is suggested that the training camp ________ for another week. A. are; should be extended B. should be; be extended C. is; be extended D. are; will be extended 【答案】C 【详解】句意："测试结果表明，恢复计划以及新的跑步技巧是有效的，因此建议训练营再延长一周。"第一个 suggest 表"表明"，从句用陈述语气；主语 the recovery plan as well as... 的谓语与 as well as 前的主语一致，用单数 is。第二个 suggest 表"建议"，其后的从句用虚拟语气，且 training camp 与 extend 是被动关系，用 (should) be extended。故选C。 10. I wish I ________ so much time playing computer games last weekend. A. didn't waste B. haven't wasted C. wouldn't waste D. hadn't wasted 【答案】D 【详解】句意："我真希望上周末没浪费那么多时间玩电脑游戏。"last weekend 表明与过去事实相反，wish 后的从句用 had done，此处为否定形式 hadn't wasted。故选D。 11. I would rather you ________ me some practical advice on my English writing now. A. give B. gave C. will give D. have given 【答案】B 【详解】句意："我宁愿你现在给我一些关于英语写作的实用建议。"would rather 后的从句与现在或将来的事实相反时用一般过去时，give 的过去式为 gave。故选B。 12. His suggestion is that we ________ early tomorrow. A. started B. start C. starting D. to start 【答案】B 【详解】句意："他的建议是我们明天早点出发。"suggestion 作主语时，其表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。故选B。 13. She looks as if she ________ in a different era. A. is B. was C. were D. had been 【答案】C 【详解】句意："她看起来好像生活在另一个时代。"as if 引导的表语从句表示与现在事实相反的情况，用一般过去时，be 动词一律用 were。故选C。 14. Burdened with overwhelming assignments, the vice-principal put forward a suggestion at the weekly meeting ________ he ________ an extra assistant to distribute part of his heavy workload. A. whether; hires B. what; hired C. that; hire D. that; hires 【答案】C 【详解】句意："由于承担着繁重的任务，副校长在周会上提出了一项建议，即他聘请一名额外的助手来分担部分繁重的工作量。"第一空引导同位语从句说明 suggestion 的具体内容，从句结构完整、不缺成分，用无实义的 that；第二空 suggestion 后的同位语从句用虚拟语气 (should) + 动词原形，故用 hire。故选C。 15. He talks about the accident so vividly as if he ________ it himself. A. had witnessed B. should witness C. has witnessed D. witnessed 【答案】A 【详解】句意："他把那场事故讲得如此生动，就好像他亲自目睹了一样。"as if 从句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，谓语用过去完成时 had done。"目睹事故"发生在过去且是假设，故用 had witnessed。故选A。 16. He's working hard for fear that he ________. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 【答案】A 【详解】句意："他努力工作，惟恐落后。"for fear that / lest / in case 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语用 should + 动词原形。故选A。 17. ________ it would stop! The heavy rain has lasted three days. A. Only if B. Even if C. Ever since D. If only 【答案】D 【详解】句意："要是雨能停下来就好了！这场大雨已经下了三天。"从句 it would stop 用了虚拟语气，说明主句需要一个引出愿望的连词。If only 意为"要是……就好了"，其后从句用虚拟语气；Only if 表"只有……才"，Even if 表"即使"，Ever since 表"自从"，均不引导虚拟愿望。故选D。 18. — He failed his driving test. — What a pity! If only he ________ what his driving instructor had been telling him. A. listened to B. would listen to C. had listened to D. should listen to 【答案】C 【详解】句意："——他驾照考试没通过。——真遗憾！要是他当时听了他驾驶教练的话就好了。"if only 表达对过去的遗憾，从句用过去完成时 had listened to。故选C。 （一）单项选择（共10题） 1. — I wonder if I can borrow your new camera to shoot some photos for the project. — You ________ have my camera if you don't handle it with great care. A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't 【答案】A 【详解】句意："——我想知道能不能借你的新相机，为这个项目拍些照片。——如果你不小心爱护它，你就别想用我的相机。"if 从句给出警告条件，主句用 shan't（shall not）表说话人强烈的禁止与警告，意为"不许、别想"。might not 表可能不，needn't 表不必，shouldn't 表不应该，语气均不足以表达警告。故选A。 2. You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, because it's bad for your health. A. needn't B. need C. shouldn't D. should 【答案】C 【详解】句意："你不应该在睡前吃太多东西，因为这对健康有害。"because 从句给出理由（对健康有害），说明这是劝告，用 shouldn't（不应该）。needn't 表不必，should 表应该，均与"有害"的语境相反。故选C。 3. When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief ________ have broken into my house during the day. A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't 【答案】A 【详解】句意："我到家时，屋里一片狼藉。白天一定有小偷闯进过我家。"the house was a mess 是明确依据，对过去情况的肯定推测用 must have done。can 不用于肯定句表推测，mustn't 表禁止且不用于推测，can't have done 表否定推测。故选A。 4. If you don't want to ________ the exam any more, you ________ work harder. A. take; should B. take; will C. fail; should D. fail; will 【答案】C 【详解】句意："如果你不想再考试不及格，你就应该更努力学习。"根据"不想再……"和后句"更努力学习"可推知，前空应为"不及格"，用 fail；后空表劝告建议，用 should。take 意为"参加"，与"更努力"无逻辑关联。故选C。 5. You ________ get the free ticket for the concert if you answer the questions correctly. A. must B. can C. should D. need 【答案】B 【详解】句意："如果你正确回答这些问题，你就能得到音乐会的免费门票。"if 从句给出条件，主句表示在该条件下"能够"获得，用 can 表能力/可能性。must 表必须，should 表应该，need 表需要，均不合逻辑。故选B。 6. — Dad, ________ I join the robotics programme after school? — Of course you can go for it. A. must B. should C. can D. need 【答案】C 【详解】句意："——爸爸，我放学后可以参加机器人项目吗？——当然，你可以去试试。"答语"Of course you can"中的 can 直接提示了问句用的是 can；此处是向长辈请求许可，can 最常用。must 表必须，should 表应该，need 表需要，均不表请求许可。故选C。 7. You ________ tell him the bad news now, because he will soon make an important speech at the international meeting. A. can't B. needn't C. dare not D. shouldn't 【答案】D 【详解】句意："你现在不应该告诉他这个坏消息，因为他马上就要在国际会议上发表重要讲话。"because 从句说明理由，此处是劝告、建议，用 shouldn't。dare not 表不敢，主语是 you 时语义不通；needn't 表不必，语气过弱。故选D。 8. When the traffic lights are red, you ________ cross the road. A. won't B. mustn't C. needn't D. wouldn't 【答案】B 【详解】句意："红灯亮时，你禁止横穿马路。"红灯禁行是交通规则，属于强制禁止，用 mustn't。won't / wouldn't 表意愿，needn't 表不必，均不能表达规则性禁止。故选B。 9. Excuse me. Read the text louder, please. I ________ hear you. A. can't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can 【答案】A 【详解】句意："打扰一下，请读大声一点，我听不见。"正因为"听不见"，才要求对方读大声，故用 can't 表"不能、无法"。shouldn't 表不应该，needn't 表不必，can 与"请读大声"矛盾。故选A。 10. — Linda, ________ I borrow your ruler? I can't find mine. — Sure, here you are. A. can B. must C. need D. should 【答案】A 【详解】句意："——琳达，我可以借用你的尺子吗？我找不到我的了。——当然，给你。"此处是向同学请求许可借用物品，can 最常用、最自然。must 表必须，need 表需要，should 表应该，均不表请求许可。故选A。 （二）单句语法填空（共10题） 在下列各句的空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. — Did you tell Mary the news? — No, I ________ (tell) her, but I forgot to call her. 【答案】could have told 【详解】句意："——你告诉玛丽这个消息了吗？——没有，我本可以告诉她的，但忘了打电话。"but I forgot 表明"过去有能力做而没做"，用 could have done。故填 could have told。 2. You ________ (finish) the report yesterday, but you didn't. The boss was very angry. 【答案】should have finished（或 ought to have finished） 【详解】句意："你本应该昨天完成报告的，但你没有，老板非常生气。"表示"本应该做而没做"，含责备意味，用 should / ought to have done。故填 should have finished。 3. — Where is Jack? I can't find him anywhere. — He ________ (be) in the library. I saw him go there just now. 【答案】must 【详解】句意："——杰克在哪儿？我到处都找不到他。——他一定在图书馆，我刚才看见他去那儿了。"I saw him go there just now 是明确依据，属有把握的肯定推测，用 must be。故填 must。 4. The exam was easy. You ________ (worry) about it so much. 【答案】needn't have worried 【详解】句意："考试很简单，你本不必那么担心的。"考试简单说明"担心"是多此一举，表示"本不必做而做了"，用 needn't have done。故填 needn't have worried。 5. — Someone is knocking at the door. Who ________ it be? — It ________ be Tom. He said he would come tonight. 【答案】can；must 【详解】句意："——有人在敲门，会是谁呢？——一定是汤姆，他说过今晚要来。"疑问句中表推测用 can；答语有"He said he would come tonight"这一依据，用 must 表肯定推测。故填 can；must。 6. ________ I open the window? It's too hot in the room. 【答案】Shall 【详解】句意："我可以打开窗户吗？屋里太热了。"第一人称疑问句（I / we）中用 shall 征求对方意见。故填 Shall，注意句首字母大写。 7. He ________ (swim) across the river when he was young, but now he is too old to do it. 【答案】could 【详解】句意："他年轻时能游过这条河，但现在年纪太大了，做不到了。"when he was young 表明是过去的一般能力，用 could。故填 could。 8. My watch doesn't work. It ________ (be) out of order. I must have it repaired. 【答案】may be（或 might be） 【详解】句意："我的表不走了，可能是坏了，我得去修一下。"仅凭"表不走了"推测原因，没有十足把握，用 may / might be。故填 may be 或 might be。 9. If I ________ (be) you, I would not accept his invitation. 【答案】were 【详解】句意："如果我是你，我就不会接受他的邀请。"与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，be 动词一律用 were。故填 were。 10. ________ (be) it not for your timely help, we would have been in great trouble. 【答案】Had 【详解】句意："要不是你及时帮忙，我们就会陷入大麻烦了。"这是省略 if 的倒装句，原句为 If it had not been for...，省略 if 后把 had 提到句首。故填 Had，注意句首字母大写。 （一）阅读理解（阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项）。 (2026年广东合格考试)To improve health and longevity, people focus on eating the right food, sleeping enough hours and getting enough exercise. 16 . It isnt only based on what you take in but also on what you give. Whether giving presents during holidays or offering listening ear to a friend in need, we are improving our mental health and positive impacts our physical health, and can even bring joy to our work. Research has shown that volunteering offers unbelievable benefits for mental health and longevity. 17 . During a four years period, researchers found that those who participated in (参与) 100 or more than hours of volunteering for years experienced greater purpose in life and reduced loneliness. 18 .One study shows a relationship between giving and lower blood pressure. This study recorded blood pressure and heart rate every 30 minutes for 24 hours. It is revealed that when participants positively connected with others... Whats more, giving is helpful for professional health. 19 . The data shows that when the students were being generous with patients - either with their time, presence... they experienced the joys of feeling connected and making a difference. 20 . 【选项】 A. Giving also has measurable effects on physical health. B. They've developed a stronger purpose in their profession. C. But the secret to living a longer and healthier life has another side. D. A study was carried out among volunteers aged 50 and above. E. A survey was conducted among some medical students about what brings them joy. 【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A 19. E 20. B 16. 【详解】前文列举了"吃对、睡够、规律运动"这些常规建议，后文紧接一句"It is giving."（它就是给予）。选项C"但长寿健康的秘诀还有另一面"起到承上启下的转折作用，用 but 与上文常规建议形成对照，用 another side 引出"给予"这一新维度，与后句"It is giving"严丝合缝。故选C。 17. 【详解】后文提到"在四年期间，研究人员发现参与100小时以上志愿活动的人……"，说明这是一项针对志愿者的研究。选项D"一项研究在50岁及以上的志愿者中开展"恰好交代了研究对象与研究方式，与后文的研究对象、时长完全匹配。故选D。 18.【详解】 前文讲"给予对心理健康有益"，后文讲"给予与更低的血压有关"（属于生理健康）。选项A"给予甚至对生理健康有可衡量的影响"正好承上（心理健康）启下（生理健康），是标准的过渡句。故选A。 19. 【详解】后文提到"学生在对患者慷慨时……"，说明研究对象是学生。选项中只有E涉及学生——"一项调查在一些医学生中开展，了解什么能给他们带来快乐"，其中"患者"一词也与后文的 patients 呼应。故选E。 20. 【详解】前文讲"给予对职业健康有帮助"，后文是学生的案例。选项B"他们甚至在职业中培养出了更强的目标感"承接"职业健康"这一话题，说明给予对职业发展的具体积极影响。故选B。 （二）完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 (2026年广东合格考试) August 6th was a hot summer day. For a __21__, it's a holiday today. The children were __22__ — they rushed into the house and asked their parents what holiday that day was. As the parents were new to the village, Mr. Smith guessed it might be some __23__ holiday the days they hadn't heard. He decided that they should join in the __24__ as they were part of the neighborhood. So they packed some home-made sandwiches in a picnic basket and __25__ the park nearby, where the villagers would gather on a holiday. When the kids next door saw that, they asked their parents if they could go, too. By noon, the park was __26__ with people from all over. Everyone had a __27__ time. And many were amazed at how many new __28__ they made. Everyone asked him what __29__ was about. Mr. Smith was __30__ about it. "I was just __31__," he __32__. "It was so hot this morning that I wanted a day of __33__." Everyone laughed. They said it was a lovely __34__ — and August 6th was much of a __35__: they called it "Neighborhood Day". 21. A. race B. movie C. picnic D. concert 22. A. lucky B. curious C. helpful D. careless 23. A. local B. foreign C. national D. international 24. A. discussion B. organization C. conversation D. celebration 25. A. longed for B. headed for C. reached for D. watched for 26. A. rising B. spreading C. rushing D. crowded 27. A. short B. tough C. suitable D. fantastic 28. A. friends B. families C. sandwiches D. battles 29. A. secret B. holiday C. business D. battle 30. A. sick B. bored C. surprised D. confident 31. A. joking B. guessing C. listening D. communicating 32. A. sang B. cheered C. thought D. explained 33. A. rest B. revision C. competition D. request 34. A. request B. revision C. competition D. misunderstanding 35. A. name B. plan C. fact D. sign 【答案】 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 【语篇导读】本文是2026年广东合格考完形填空原题。15个空全部为实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词及动词短语），没有语法填空式的时态/语态空。解题时务必"三看"：一看前后句的因果与转折；二看固定搭配（be crowded with、head for）；三看复现（holiday、celebration、name 在后文均有同词或近义复现）。 21. 【详解】C。句意："对于野餐来说，今天就是个假日。"根据后文"packed some home-made sandwiches in a picnic basket"（把自制三明治装进野餐篮），只有 picnic（野餐）与食物准备场景吻合。race 赛跑、movie 电影、concert 音乐会均与"带三明治"无关。 22. 【详解】B。孩子们冲进屋里追问"今天是什么节日"，说明他们充满好奇，用 curious。lucky 幸运的、helpful 有帮助的、careless 粗心的，都不符合"急于求知"的心理。 23. 【详解】A。前文交代"The parents were new to the village"（父母刚搬来村里），因此 Smith 先生猜这可能是他们没听说过的"当地的"节日，用 local。foreign 外国的、national 国家的、international 国际的，对一个村庄而言范围过大。 24. 【详解】D。既然是节日，他们决定加入"庆祝活动"，用 celebration。discussion 讨论、organization 组织、conversation 交谈，都不能表达"参与节日欢庆"。 25. 【详解】B。他们装好篮子，"前往"附近的公园，用 headed for。longed for 渴望、reached for 伸手去拿、watched for 守候，动作方向均不贴切。 26. 【详解】D。到中午，公园里"挤满"了人，be crowded with 是固定搭配。rising 升起、spreading 传播、rushing 冲，都不能描述"人多"。 27. 【详解】D。后文"Everyone laughed"和"a lovely..."表明大家度过了"极好的"时光，用 fantastic。short 短暂的、tough 艰难的、suitable 合适的，都无法传达这种欢乐。 28. 【详解】A。节日里人们聚在一起，最自然的收获是交到"新朋友"，用 friends。families 家庭、sandwiches 三明治、battles 战斗，与"节日社交"场景无关。 29.【详解】 B。此处是在追问"August 6th 这个节日是怎么回事"，用 holiday。secret 秘密、business 生意、battle 战斗，均不合文意。 30.【详解】 C。结合后文 Smith 先生解释"我只是开个玩笑"可知，节日本是他的玩笑被当真，面对大家的询问他应是"惊讶的"，用 surprised。sick 生病的、bored 无聊的、confident 自信的，都不符合"玩笑当真"时的情绪。 31. 【详解】A。他说"我只是在开玩笑"，解释了原本没有节日却成了节日的起因，用 joking。guessing 猜测、listening 听、communicating 交流，都不能解释这个误会。 32.【详解】 D。他向大家"解释"说早上太热了所以想放假，用 explained。sang 唱歌、cheered 欢呼、thought 想，都不如 explained 准确，因为这是在陈述原因。 33. 【详解】A。因为"早上太热"，所以他想要"一天休息"，用 rest（a day of rest）。revision 复习、competition 竞赛、request 请求，均与"天热"无因果关联。 34. 【详解】D。大家笑着说这是一个可爱的"误会"，用 misunderstanding。request 请求、revision 复习、competition 竞争，都不符合"玩笑被当真"的情节。 35. 【详解】A。既然大家都叫它"Neighborhood Day"，说明 August 6th 有了一个"名字"，用 name。plan 计划、fact 事实、sign 标志，都不如 name 贴切。 （三）语法填空（共10题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese Opera Week Is Coming (2026年广东合格考试) Are you interested in traditional Chinese opera? Here is some good news for you. This year's Chinese Opera Week is coming. It will be held in our opera center at __36__ end of this month. As usual, you can enjoy __37__ (watch) different forms of Chinese opera in the center. You can learn to sing traditional Chinese opera from Miss Yue, __38__ (we) opera teacher. You can even buy traditional-style products at over 150 stands. There will also be a food street __39__ you can try creative dishes. This year's opera week __40__ (feature) new technology. You can also "visit" past places __41__ (use) AI to set the scene for some historical operas with VR technology. Yes, you can also try AI-based photography and 3D-printed __42__ (culture) products at the Opera Tech Market as well. You can enjoy all the __43__ (activity) above for free. So __44__ are you waiting for? Take out your phone, get online __45__ follow our official account now. 【答案】 36. the 37. watching 38. our 39. where 40. features 41. using 42. cultural 43. activities 44. what 45. and 【语篇导读】本卷10个空里，有提示词的7空（37、38、40、41、42、43、45中的提示词型）全部为词形变化，无提示词的3空（36、39、44）为冠词、关系副词、疑问代词。这印证了近三年广东语法填空的稳定结构：词形变化为主（约七成）、虚词为辅（约三成），且几乎不直接考"填情态动词"。因此本专题的复习重心应放在阅读完形中的"语气推断"和写作中的"高级句式"上。 36. 【详解】the。固定搭配 at the end of...（在……的末尾），须用定冠词 the。 37.【详解】 watching。enjoy doing sth. 为固定搭配，enjoy 后接动名词作宾语。 38. 【详解】our。修饰名词 opera teacher，需用形容词性物主代词，we 的形容词性物主代词是 our。 39. 【详解】where。引导定语从句，先行词是 a food street（地点），从句中缺少地点状语，用关系副词 where。 40.【详解】 features。主语 This year's opera week 为单数，全文为一般现在时，谓语用第三人称单数 features。 41. 【详解】using。逻辑主语 you 与 use 是主动关系，用现在分词作方式状语。 42. 【详解】cultural。修饰名词 products 需用形容词，culture 的形容词形式为 cultural。 43. 【详解】activities。all 后接可数名词复数，activity 的复数为 activities。 44.【详解】 what。句型 What are you waiting for?（你还在等什么？），用疑问代词 what 引导特殊疑问句。 45. 【详解】and。连接并列的祈使句 Take out your phone、get online、follow our official account，表顺承关系，用并列连词 and。 （四）书面表达（共1题） (2026年广东合格考试)假定你是李华，学校英语报正在举办体育主题征文活动，请你用英文写一篇你的体育锻炼情况。 内容包括： 1. 你的体育锻炼情况（项目、时间、频率）； 2. 体育锻炼给你带来的成长与变化； 3. 呼吁大家进行体育锻炼。 注意： (1) 词数：90 个左右； (2) 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； (3) 标题自拟。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Sports Are Fun Hello everyone! I'm Li Hua. I'd like to share my sports story with you. I've been playing volleyball for three years. I usually practice with friends after school every Tuesday and Thursday. It not only keeps me fit but also brings me joy. Through sports, I've become more energetic and confident. I've also made many friends. The happiness after sweating together is truly unforgettable. Let's get moving! Whether it's running, swimming, or dancing, find a sport you love and stick to it. Sports are fun! 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 　保持健康：keep fit → stay healthy / build up one's body 　精力充沛的：energetic → full of energy 　坚持：stick to → keep on / hold on to 　难忘的：unforgettable → memorable 2. 句式拓展 　简单句变复合句 　原句：It not only keeps me fit but also brings me joy. 　拓展句：Not only does it keep me fit, but it also brings me joy.（not only 置于句首引起部分倒装，是提升档次的高分写法） 3. 高分句型 　【高分句型 1】I've been playing volleyball for three years.（运用现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续，比一般现在时更能体现"坚持"） 　【高分句型 2】Whether it's running, swimming, or dancing, find a sport you love and stick to it.（运用 whether...or... 引导让步状语从句，句式有张力，适合放在结尾呼吁段） 4. 本专题句式渗透 　写作中可自然嵌入本专题的情态动词与虚拟语气，提升语言档次： 　　· You should keep a balanced diet and exercise regularly.（should 提建议） 　　· Without sports, we would be weak and easily fall ill.（without 含蓄虚拟） 　　· It is high time that we took action to build up our bodies.（It's time that 虚拟句式） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学考专题 情态动词、虚拟语气 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 近年广东合格考考查分布 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 情态动词 考点二 虚拟语气 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 情态动词 考点二 虚拟语气 练|巩固提升训练 基础巩固 能力提升 一、课标要求与命题定位 《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》在"语言知识—语法知识"中明确要求：学生应在语境中理解和运用情态动词表达能力、许可、义务、建议、推测、意愿等语气，并能借助虚拟语气表达与事实相反的假设、愿望与建议；在"语篇"与"语用"层面，要求学生在真实的对话与语篇中得体地完成请求、提议、建议、推测等交际功能。 从近三年广东合格考的卷面结构看，本专题呈现"两条腿走路"的考查格局：一条腿在Ⅰ卷情景交际，依托 could you please...?、Shall we...?、May I...? 等委婉句式考查"得体应答"；另一条腿在Ⅱ卷阅读与Ⅲ卷完形，依托 must be、might be、could be、would have done 等结构考查"语篇中的语气推断"。Ⅳ卷语法填空则偶尔以固定句式（如 it's time sb. did）设空。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 课标要求（语言知识·语法） 本专题对应考点 学考常见呈现方式 运用情态动词表达能力、许可、义务、推测、意愿、建议 考点一 情态动词（can/could、may/might、must、shall、should、will/would、need/dare、used to） 情景交际应答；完形填空；阅读语气推断 运用情态动词 + have done 表达对过去的推测与评述 考点一 之"情态动词+have done" 阅读理解句意推断；语法填空 运用虚拟语气表达与事实相反的假设、愿望、建议 考点二 虚拟语气（if 条件句、名词性从句、特殊句式、含蓄条件句） 语法填空固定句式；写作中的高级表达 在语境中得体完成请求、提议、建议等交际功能 考点一 之"委婉句式组块" 情景交际（每题3分） 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 下表统计近三年（2024—2026）广东合格考英语卷中本专题的直接考查点，并附2020、2022两年作为参照，以便看清命题走势。 年份·卷别 考查板块 题号 考查点 2024年1月 广东合格考 Ⅰ 情景交际 第4题 Shall we...? 提出建议及应答 Ⅰ 情景交际 第5题 could you please...? 委婉请求及应答 Ⅱ 阅读理解A篇 第10题相关句 if I had said "no" / would have happened（混合虚拟） 2026年1月 广东合格考 Ⅰ 情景交际 第3题 can 表能力 + It's kind of you 应答 Ⅲ 完形填空 第23空 might be 表不确定推测 Ⅲ 完形填空 第24空 should join in 表"应该" 2022年1月 广东合格考 Ⅰ 情景交际 第5题 Could you...? → Go ahead Ⅲ 完形填空 第29空 I shall fall 中 shall 表第一人称将来 Ⅱ 阅读理解B篇 第11题 Without commas, life would be...（含蓄虚拟） 2020年1月 广东学考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第9空 it's time they (should) deal with（虚拟语气） 说明：上表所列均为本讲义已逐卷核对原文的年份。2025年第一次合格考英语卷以 .rar 压缩包形式提供，本机无可用解压工具（RAR4 格式需外部程序解码），故未纳入统计；2024、2026两年对应"近3年"中的最近两届，2022、2020两年作为趋势参照一并列出，便于看出命题走向。2026年卷阅读理解A、B两篇及第二节（七选五）在所提供的参考答案中标注为"缺"，故该年阅读板块的考查点仅据完形与语法填空统计。 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：情景交际是主战场。近三年情景交际5题中，稳定有1～2题直接由情态动词句式承担，且集中在 could you please...?、Shall we...?、Could you...?、May I...? 四个句式上。命题人不换句式，只换应答语，因此把"句式—应答"配成固定组块记忆，是最省力的得分路径。 规律二：阅读完形考"语气推断"，不考"语法填空"。must be（一定）、might be（可能）、could be（可能是）三档推测语气的强弱，直接决定阅读推理题与完形填空中"作者态度""事情可能性"的判断。这类题不会出现"填情态动词"的形式，而是要求考生读懂情态动词背后的确信度。 规律三：虚拟语气以"固定句式"形态出现。广东卷几乎不考 if 条件句的四种时态搭配，而是把 it's time sb. did、Without...、would have done 这类"半固定结构"嵌进语篇。复习时应以"结构—含义"配对为主，不必铺开讲虚拟语气的全部分类。 规律四：2021年起分值抬升，不容轻视。2021年起本卷改为150分、46题、90分钟，情景交际每题3分（共15分）。1道情景交际题的分值＝1道阅读理解题，性价比极高。 考点一 情态动词 一、核心概念 情态动词（Modal Verbs）是表示说话人语气和态度的助动词。它本身有词义（如"可能、必须、允许、应该、愿意"），但不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词原形或"have done / be doing"等结构连用，共同构成谓语。 四大基本特征：① 后接动词原形（不带 to，ought to、used to 除外）；② 没有人称和数的变化（He can swim，can 不加 s）；③ 部分情态动词有过去式（can→could，may→might，will→would，shall→should），但过去式并不总表过去时间，更多用于委婉或虚拟；④ 否定在其后直接加 not，疑问将其提前。 二、分类总览 类别 成员 主要功能 基本情态动词 can/could，may/might，must，shall/should，will/would，ought to 表示能力、许可、义务、推测、意愿、习惯等 半情态动词 need，dare，used to，had better 兼有情态动词与实义动词两种身份，用法需辨析 情态动词+have done must/can't/may/might/could/should/needn't/would + have done 对过去情况的推测、责备、遗憾或虚拟 三、用法精讲 下表先给出八个核心情态动词的用法总览，随后逐一分项精讲用法规则并配例句。 情态动词 核心用法 学考易考点 can / could 能力、许可、可能性、惊讶 could have done 本能够做而未做 may / might 许可、可能性、祝愿 may/might have done 可能已做 must 必须、禁止、必然推测 must have done 一定已做 shall 征求意见、承诺、规章 不同人称用法不同 should / ought to 应该、按常理推测 should have done 本应该做而未做 will / would 意愿、请求、习惯、预测 would 表过去习惯 need / dare 需要、敢于（多用于否定/疑问） needn't have done 本不必做 used to / had better 过去习惯（现已不）、最好 used to 与 would、be used to 区分 （一）can / could 用法 规则说明 例句 表能力 can 表现在能力，could 表过去能力；be able to 可替代 She can speak three languages.（她会说三种语言。） 表许可 can 口语常用；could 更委婉客气 Could I use your phone?（我可以用一下你的电话吗？） 表可能性 多用于否定句、疑问句表"不可能/可能吗"；肯定句中可能性用 may/might 更常见 That can't be true.（那不可能是真的。）Can the news be true?（这消息会是真的吗？） 表惊讶/怀疑 否定式 can't 表强烈否定推测 He can't have left without saying goodbye.（他不可能不辞而别。） could + have done 虚拟用法：本能够做而（因故）没做 I could have passed the exam, but I was too careless.（我本能够通过考试，但太粗心了。） （二）may / might 用法 规则说明 例句 表许可 may 正式，might 更委婉；回答 May I... 时否定常用 mustn't / can't May I come in?—Yes, you may.（我可以进来吗？——可以。） 表可能性 may 可能性较大，might 可能性更小；只用于肯定、否定句，疑问句用 can He may be at home now.（他现在可能在家。）She might not know the news.（她也许不知道这个消息。） 表祝愿 may 置于句首的倒装结构 May you succeed!（祝你成功！） may / might + have done 推测过去"可能已经做了"，might 语气更不确定 He may have missed the train.（他可能没赶上火车。） （三）must 用法 规则说明 例句 表必须 主观义务；否定用 needn't / don't have to 表"不必"，mustn't 表"禁止" You must finish your homework today.（你今天必须完成作业。）You mustn't smoke here.（此处禁止吸烟。） 表必然推测 只用于肯定句，表"一定是"；否定、疑问用 can't / Can... He must be a doctor.（他一定是医生。） must + have done 对过去事实的肯定推测"一定已经做了"，有依据 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.（地面是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。） 反意疑问 must 表推测时，反意问句按动词本身变化；mustn't 表禁止时用 may He must be tired, isn't he?（他一定累了，是吗？） （四）shall 用法 规则说明 例句 第一人称疑问句 征求对方意见或提出建议 Shall I open the window?（要我打开窗户吗？）Shall we go for a walk?（我们去散散步好吗？） 第二、三人称陈述句 表说话人的承诺、警告、威胁或规定 You shall get the book tomorrow.（你明天就能拿到这本书。） 规章、法律文本 表义务、规定 Candidates shall remain seated until the exam ends.（考生须在考试结束前保持就座。） （五）should / ought to 用法 规则说明 例句 表应该 should 与 ought to 基本同义，表义务、建议；ought to 语气略强 You should/ought to see a doctor.（你应该去看医生。） 表推测 按常理"应当会"，用于肯定句 The film should be very popular.（这部电影应当会很受欢迎。） should + have done 本应该做而没做，表责备或遗憾；否定式表"本不应该做而做了" You should have told me earlier.（你本该早点告诉我。）You shouldn't have said that.（你本不该说那话。） （六）will / would 用法 规则说明 例句 表意愿 will 表说话时意愿，would 表过去意愿或更委婉 I will help you with the housework.（我愿意帮你做家务。） 表请求 Would you please... 比 Will you please... 更委婉 Would you please close the door?（请关一下门好吗？） 表习惯 will 表现在习惯性动作；would 表过去习惯（常与 used to 辨析：would 不强调"现在已不"，used to 强调） He will sit there reading for hours.（他常常坐在那儿读上几个小时书。）When young, he would play football every day.（年轻时他每天踢足球。） 表预测 will 表将来预测 It will rain tomorrow.（明天会下雨。） （七）need / dare 用法 规则说明 例句 need 作情态动词 仅用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形，无时态人称变化 You needn't worry about it.（你不必为此担心。）Need I hand in the paper today?（我需要今天交论文吗？） need 作实义动词 need to do / need doing（表被动）；有人称时态变化 The flowers need watering.（这些花需要浇水了。） needn't + have done 本不必做却做了（含"多此一举"意味） You needn't have come so early.（你本不必来这么早的。） dare 作情态动词 多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形 He dare not tell the truth.（他不敢说出真相。） dare 作实义动词 dare to do，有人称时态变化 She doesn't dare to ask questions.（她不敢提问。） （八）used to / had better 用法 规则说明 例句 used to do 过去经常做而现在不再做；疑问、否定用 did 或 used 助动词 I used to get up early.（我过去常早起，现在不了。） be used to doing 习惯于做某事（to 为介词，后接动名词） He is used to living in the countryside.（他习惯于住在乡下。） be used to do 被用来做（被动结构） Wood is used to make paper.（木材被用来造纸。） had better 最好……；否定为 had better not do You had better not stay up late.（你最好不要熬夜。） 四、情态动词 + have done（核心板块） "情态动词+have done"是单选题和语法填空的高频考点，语义高度固化，必须成组记忆。其核心区分标准是：推测类看"肯定/否定/不确定"，虚拟类看"本应做而没做/本不必做而做了"。 结构 含义 性质 例句 must have done 一定已经做了（肯定推测，有依据） 推测 It must have rained last night.（昨晚一定下雨了。） can't / couldn't have done 不可能已经做了（否定推测） 推测 He can't have finished the work so soon.（他不可能这么快就完成工作。） may / might have done 可能已经做了（不确定） 推测 She may have forgotten the appointment.（她可能忘了这个约定。） could have done 本能够做而没做（遗憾） 虚拟 I could have helped you, but I was busy.（我本可以帮你，但当时很忙。） should / ought to have done 本应该做而没做（责备/遗憾） 虚拟 You should have studied for the test.（你本应该为考试复习的。） shouldn't / oughtn't to have done 本不应该做而做了（责备） 虚拟 You shouldn't have told her the secret.（你本不该把秘密告诉她。） needn't have done 本不必做而做了（多余） 虚拟 We needn't have booked the tickets in advance.（我们本不必提前订票的。） would have done 本来会做（多用于虚拟条件句主句） 虚拟 If I had been free, I would have gone with you.（如果我当时有空，我就跟你去了。） 考点二 虚拟语气 一、核心概念 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人所说的内容不是事实，而是假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令或与事实相反的想象。它的核心特征是谓语动词采用特殊的"向过去推移"的形式，因此判断是否用虚拟语气、用哪种形式，关键看"与什么时间的事实相反"。 二、分类总览 类别 典型结构 示例 if 条件句虚拟 if + 过去式 / had done / were to do；主句 would/could/might/should + do/have done If I were you, I would accept it. 名词性从句虚拟 谓语用 (should) + 动词原形 He suggested that we (should) start early. 特殊句式虚拟 wish / if only / would rather / It's time / as if 等 I wish I were a bird. 含蓄条件句 without / but for / or / otherwise / but 引出隐含条件 Without your help, I couldn't have succeeded. 混合虚拟 从句与主句所指时间不同，各自按时间推移 If I had studied hard, I would be a doctor now. 三、if 条件句虚拟语气 if 虚拟条件句是虚拟语气的根基。牢记"时间向后推一格"的原则：与现在事实相反→动词用过去式；与过去事实相反→动词用 had done；与将来事实相反→用 were to do / should do 或过去式。 虚拟时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 did / were would/could/might/should + do If I were you, I would take the job.（如果我是你，我会接受这份工作。） 与过去事实相反 had done would/could/might/should + have done If he had got up earlier, he would have caught the train.（如果他早点起床，就赶上火车了。） 与将来事实相反 were to do / should do / did would/could/might/should + do If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（要是明天下雨，我们就待在家。） 两点补充：① 主句情态动词的选择决定语气强弱，would 表结果、could 表能力、might 表可能、should 表"竟然/应该会"。② 若主句与从句所指时间不一致，构成混合虚拟，各自独立按时间推移，互不迁就。 例：If I had taken your advice, I would be healthy now.（如果我当时听了你的建议，现在身体就好了。）——从句"当时"与过去相反用 had taken；主句"现在"与现在相反用 would be。 （一）省略 if 的倒装 当从句含 were、had、should 时，可省略 if，将 were/had/should 提前到句首，构成倒装。这是语法填空的高频考点。 原句 倒装形式 If I were you, I would try again. Were I you, I would try again. If he had come earlier, he would have met her. Had he come earlier, he would have met her. If it should rain, the match would be put off. Should it rain, the match would be put off. （二）混合虚拟 从句与过去事实相反、主句与现在事实相反时，主句用 would + 动词原形，从句用 had done。判断依据是主、从句各自的时间状语或语境。 四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在表示"建议、要求、命令、愿望"等语义的词后，名词性从句（宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）谓语用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。这是选择题和语法填空的必考点。 （一）宾语从句 动词 suggest（建议）、advise、propose、recommend、order、command、demand、require、request、insist（坚持要求）、desire、decide、ask 等后接 that 从句时，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形。 例：He suggested that we (should) hold the meeting tomorrow.（他建议我们明天开会。）The doctor ordered that the patient (should) stay in bed.（医生要求病人卧床休息。） 【学考易错】suggest 表"暗示、表明"时，从句用陈述语气；insist 表"坚持认为（某一事实）"时，从句用陈述语气；只有表"建议/坚持要求"时才用虚拟。 动词 表……时用虚拟 表……时用陈述 suggest 建议：suggest that sb (should) do 暗示、表明：suggest that sb does/is... insist 坚持要求：insist that sb (should) do 坚持认为：insist that sb does/is... （二）主语从句 ① It is suggested / required / demanded / ordered / proposed + that 从句，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形；② It is necessary / important / essential / natural / strange / vital + that 从句，谓语同样用 (should) + 动词原形。 例：It is required that every student (should) wear school uniform.（要求每个学生穿校服。）It is important that you (should) keep calm in the exam.（考试中保持冷静很重要。） （三）表语从句与同位语从句 当主语或先行词为 suggestion、advice、proposal、demand、order、request、requirement、plan、idea 等名词时，其表语从句或同位语从句用 (should) + 动词原形。 例：My suggestion is that we (should) go by train.（我的建议是我们坐火车去。）The order that the soldiers (should) leave at once was given.（立即撤离的命令已经下达。） 五、特殊句式中的虚拟语气 结构 谓语形式 例句 wish（但愿） 与现在相反：did/were；与过去相反：had done；与将来相反：would/could do I wish I knew the answer.（但愿我知道答案。）I wish I had attended the lecture.（我真希望当时去听了讲座。） if only（要是……就好了） 同 wish If only I had listened to my mother!（要是我当时听了妈妈的话就好了！） would rather（宁愿） 与现在/将来相反：did；与过去相反：had done I'd rather you came tomorrow.（我宁愿你明天来。）I'd rather you hadn't told him.（我倒希望你当时没告诉他。） It's (high/about) time that... 过去式 或 should + 动词原形（should 不可省） It's high time that we took action.（该是我们采取行动的时候了。） as if / as though 与现在事实相反用过去式；与过去相反用 had done；若很可能为真则用陈述语气 He talks as if he knew everything.（他说得好像什么都知道似的。） had hoped that... 从句用 would + 动词原形，表"本希望……（落空）" I had hoped that he would come, but he didn't.（我本希望他会来，但他没来。） 六、含蓄条件句 条件不通过 if 从句直接给出，而由介词短语、连词或上下文暗示，称为含蓄条件句。识别隐含条件是解题关键。 标志词 用法 例句 without / with 没有/有了……，相当于 if 条件 Without water, there would be no life.（没有水就没有生命。） but for 要不是……（多与过去事实相反） But for your help, I couldn't have finished it.（要不是你的帮助，我完不成这件事。） otherwise / or 否则，相当于 if not He worked hard; otherwise he would have failed.（他学习努力，否则就考砸了。） but 本打算……但……（主句虚拟+but 陈述） I would have come, but I was ill.（我本想来的，但当时病了。） 考点一：情态动词 例1.(2019年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试（春季高考）A卷) — Excuse me, ________tell me how to get to the railway station? — ________. You can't miss it. A. Yes, I can B. It's my pleasure to help you C. That's easy D. Turn left at the first crossing 例2.(2020年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试 ) If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they ________ (deal) with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook. 例3.(2024年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试) — Shall we go to Harbin for the summer holiday? — ________ A. Never mind B. Not at all C. Sounds great D. The same to you 例4.(2024年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试) — Mr. Green, could you please spare me a few minutes? — ________ A. Sure B. Good job C. Help yourself D. Good luck 例5.(2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试) — Could you spare me a few minutes, Mr. Green? I still have some questions. — ________ A. Good job B. Come on C. Go ahead D. Help yourself 1. — Must I visit the professor this week? — No, you ________. A. can't B. mustn't C. wouldn't D. needn't 2. The school bag ________ be Teng Fei's. The name on the bag isn't his. A. must B. may C. mustn't D. can't 3. — Where is Lucy? She ________ be in the classroom, because I saw her there five minutes ago. A. must B. can't C. might D. should 4. They ________ be in the playground. They ________ be in the computer room because it's time for computer lesson. A. mustn't; can't B. can't; must C. can; mustn't D. can't; must 5. The Internet in our classroom is too slow, so I ________ go to the library to study. A. must B. can C. should D. have to 6. When you are home alone, you ________ answer the door for strangers. A. can B. needn't C. should D. mustn't 7. — I can't believe it. Maria has practiced running for two hours. — Yeah. She ________ be very tired now. She needs a good rest. A. can't B. should C. must D. will 8. There ________ a meeting this afternoon. But I am not sure. A. may be B. may have C. must be D. must have 考点二：虚拟语气 例1.(2020年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试·语法填空 ) …because it's time they ________ (deal) with their homework… 例2.(2024年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试) I think about what ________ if I ________ "no" to some challenging tasks. Maybe I ________ so much progress in my job. 例3.(2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试) ________ commas, life would be puzzling. 1. If I ________ more careful, I wouldn't have made such a mistake in the report. A. am B. were C. had been D. would be 2. ________, I would have attended your birthday party last night. A. If I am free B. If I was free C. Had I been free D. Were I free 3. ________ for the traffic jam, I would have caught the train. A. If it were not B. Had it not been C. Were it not D. If it hasn't been 4. If I had made painstaking efforts to improve my craftsmanship in the past, I ________ a popular artisan now. A. am B. were C. would have become D. would become 5. Bees can help plants grow. ________ bees, we wouldn't have enough food. A. From B. Like C. Except D. Without 6. I'm glad you told me about yesterday's show being cancelled. Otherwise I ________ all the way for nothing. A. travelled B. had travelled C. would travel D. would have traveled 7. It is vital that every student ________ good learning habits. A. forms B. form C. formed D. will form 8. The people who love peace do think that it is time the violent conflicts in Libya ________. A. come to an end B. put to an end C. came to an end D. bring to an end 9. The test results suggest that the recovery plan as well as the new running techniques ________ effective, so it is suggested that the training camp ________ for another week. A. are; should be extended B. should be; be extended C. is; be extended D. are; will be extended 10. I wish I ________ so much time playing computer games last weekend. A. didn't waste B. haven't wasted C. wouldn't waste D. hadn't wasted 11. I would rather you ________ me some practical advice on my English writing now. A. give B. gave C. will give D. have given 12. His suggestion is that we ________ early tomorrow. A. started B. start C. starting D. to start 13. She looks as if she ________ in a different era. A. is B. was C. were D. had been 14. Burdened with overwhelming assignments, the vice-principal put forward a suggestion at the weekly meeting ________ he ________ an extra assistant to distribute part of his heavy workload. A. whether; hires B. what; hired C. that; hire D. that; hires 15. He talks about the accident so vividly as if he ________ it himself. A. had witnessed B. should witness C. has witnessed D. witnessed 16. He's working hard for fear that he ________. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 17. ________ it would stop! The heavy rain has lasted three days. A. Only if B. Even if C. Ever since D. If only 18. — He failed his driving test. — What a pity! If only he ________ what his driving instructor had been telling him. A. listened to B. would listen to C. had listened to D. should listen to 基础巩固 （一）单项选择（共10题） 1. — I wonder if I can borrow your new camera to shoot some photos for the project. — You ________ have my camera if you don't handle it with great care. A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't 2. You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, because it's bad for your health. A. needn't B. need C. shouldn't D. should 3. When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief ________ have broken into my house during the day. A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't 4. If you don't want to ________ the exam any more, you ________ work harder. A. take; should B. take; will C. fail; should D. fail; will 5. You ________ get the free ticket for the concert if you answer the questions correctly. A. must B. can C. should D. need 6. — Dad, ________ I join the robotics programme after school? — Of course you can go for it. A. must B. should C. can D. need 7. You ________ tell him the bad news now, because he will soon make an important speech at the international meeting. A. can't B. needn't C. dare not D. shouldn't 8. When the traffic lights are red, you ________ cross the road. A. won't B. mustn't C. needn't D. wouldn't 9. Excuse me. Read the text louder, please. I ________ hear you. A. can't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can 10. — Linda, ________ I borrow your ruler? I can't find mine. — Sure, here you are. A. can B. must C. need D. should （二）单句语法填空（共10题） 在下列各句的空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. — Did you tell Mary the news? — No, I ________ (tell) her, but I forgot to call her. 2. You ________ (finish) the report yesterday, but you didn't. The boss was very angry. 3. — Where is Jack? I can't find him anywhere. — He ________ (be) in the library. I saw him go there just now. 4. The exam was easy. You ________ (worry) about it so much. 5. — Someone is knocking at the door. Who ________ it be? — It ________ be Tom. He said he would come tonight. 6. ________ I open the window? It's too hot in the room. 7. He ________ (swim) across the river when he was young, but now he is too old to do it. 8. My watch doesn't work. It ________ (be) out of order. I must have it repaired. 9. If I ________ (be) you, I would not accept his invitation. 10. ________ (be) it not for your timely help, we would have been in great trouble. （一）阅读理解（阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项）。 (2026年广东合格考试)To improve health and longevity, people focus on eating the right food, sleeping enough hours and getting enough exercise. 16 . It isnt only based on what you take in but also on what you give. Whether giving presents during holidays or offering listening ear to a friend in need, we are improving our mental health and positive impacts our physical health, and can even bring joy to our work. Research has shown that volunteering offers unbelievable benefits for mental health and longevity. 17 . During a four years period, researchers found that those who participated in (参与) 100 or more than hours of volunteering for years experienced greater purpose in life and reduced loneliness. 18 .One study shows a relationship between giving and lower blood pressure. This study recorded blood pressure and heart rate every 30 minutes for 24 hours. It is revealed that when participants positively connected with others... Whats more, giving is helpful for professional health. 19 . The data shows that when the students were being generous with patients - either with their time, presence... they experienced the joys of feeling connected and making a difference. 20 . 【选项】 A. Giving also has measurable effects on physical health. B. They've developed a stronger purpose in their profession. C. But the secret to living a longer and healthier life has another side. D. A study was carried out among volunteers aged 50 and above. E. A survey was conducted among some medical students about what brings them joy. （二）完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 (2026年广东合格考试) August 6th was a hot summer day. For a __21__, it's a holiday today. The children were __22__ — they rushed into the house and asked their parents what holiday that day was. As the parents were new to the village, Mr. Smith guessed it might be some __23__ holiday the days they hadn't heard. He decided that they should join in the __24__ as they were part of the neighborhood. So they packed some home-made sandwiches in a picnic basket and __25__ the park nearby, where the villagers would gather on a holiday. When the kids next door saw that, they asked their parents if they could go, too. By noon, the park was __26__ with people from all over. Everyone had a __27__ time. And many were amazed at how many new __28__ they made. Everyone asked him what __29__ was about. Mr. Smith was __30__ about it. "I was just __31__," he __32__. "It was so hot this morning that I wanted a day of __33__." Everyone laughed. They said it was a lovely __34__ — and August 6th was much of a __35__: they called it "Neighborhood Day". 21. A. race B. movie C. picnic D. concert 22. A. lucky B. curious C. helpful D. careless 23. A. local B. foreign C. national D. international 24. A. discussion B. organization C. conversation D. celebration 25. A. longed for B. headed for C. reached for D. watched for 26. A. rising B. spreading C. rushing D. crowded 27. A. short B. tough C. suitable D. fantastic 28. A. friends B. families C. sandwiches D. battles 29. A. secret B. holiday C. business D. battle 30. A. sick B. bored C. surprised D. confident 31. A. joking B. guessing C. listening D. communicating 32. A. sang B. cheered C. thought D. explained 33. A. rest B. revision C. competition D. request 34. A. request B. revision C. competition D. misunderstanding 35. A. name B. plan C. fact D. sign （三）语法填空（共10题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese Opera Week Is Coming (2026年广东合格考试) Are you interested in traditional Chinese opera? Here is some good news for you. This year's Chinese Opera Week is coming. It will be held in our opera center at __36__ end of this month. As usual, you can enjoy __37__ (watch) different forms of Chinese opera in the center. You can learn to sing traditional Chinese opera from Miss Yue, __38__ (we) opera teacher. You can even buy traditional-style products at over 150 stands. There will also be a food street __39__ you can try creative dishes. This year's opera week __40__ (feature) new technology. You can also "visit" past places __41__ (use) AI to set the scene for some historical operas with VR technology. Yes, you can also try AI-based photography and 3D-printed __42__ (culture) products at the Opera Tech Market as well. You can enjoy all the __43__ (activity) above for free. So __44__ are you waiting for? Take out your phone, get online __45__ follow our official account now. （四）书面表达（共1题） (2026年广东合格考试) 假定你是李华，学校英语报正在举办体育主题征文活动，请你用英文写一篇你的体育锻炼情况。 内容包括： 1. 你的体育锻炼情况（项目、时间、频率）； 2. 体育锻炼给你带来的成长与变化； 3. 呼吁大家进行体育锻炼。 注意： (1) 词数：90 个左右； (2) 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； (3) 标题自拟。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $