学考专题07 定语从句：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，广东专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题07 定语从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 关系代词 考点二 关系副词与介词+关系代词 考点三 限制性与非限制性定语从句 考点四 易错辨析与解题三步法 研|核心专题精讲 考点一：关系代词的选择 考点二：关系副词与“介词+关系代词” 考点三：非限制性定语从句与as 考点四：易错辨析突破 练|巩固提升训练 一、课标要求与命题定位 《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》在“语言知识·语法知识”中要求：学生应在语篇中理解和运用复合句，能够识别并理解定语从句的构成与表意功能，在书面表达中恰当使用定语从句使表达更准确、连贯。课标同时强调“形式—意义—使用”三维语法观，即不只判断关系词，更要读懂定语从句在语篇中承担的限定、补充、评价等交际功能。 对广东合格考而言，本专题呈现出“设空少、渗透广”的特点：语法填空中每年仅 0～1 空直接设题，但阅读理解与完形填空中含定语从句的句子极为密集，长难句的主干剥离几乎都要靠定语从句的切分能力。因此本专题的备考重点不是背规则，而是“三秒定关系词 + 一眼切主干”两项硬本领。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 课标要求 本专题对应考点 广东合格考呈现方式 识别复合句的构成，理解从句与主句的逻辑关系 考点一 关系代词（who / whom / whose / which / that / as） 语法填空直接设空；阅读长难句切分 理解并运用关系副词表达时间、地点、原因 考点二 关系副词（when / where / why）与“介词+关系代词” 语法填空第39空（2026·where）、第45空（2021·why） 区分限制性与非限制性，把握补充说明功能 考点三 非限制性定语从句与 as 的用法 语法填空第37空（2024·which）、第41空（2022·which） 在书面表达中使用复合句提升连贯性 考点四 易错辨析与写作迁移 书面表达范文中的定语从句串联细节 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 下表逐年核对语法填空的每一空，标出定语从句的直接设空点，并列出阅读、完形中定语从句的密集语篇，另附 2020—2022 三年作趋势参照。 年份·卷别 考查板块 题号 考查点 小计 2024年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第37空 非限制性 which 指代前文名词短语，作从句主语 1处设空 Ⅱ 阅读理解 B篇 语篇句 who / that 引导定语从句修饰 things、professor（语篇理解） 2025年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 — 本卷语法填空未设定语从句空（36 To become、40 working、45 whether） 0处设空 Ⅱ 阅读理解 B篇 语篇句 a large hall where… / the only one who… 密集出现 语篇3处 2026年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第39空 关系副词 where（先行词 food street，从句缺地点状语） 1处设空 2022年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第41空 非限制性 which 引导分隔式从句，作从句主语 1处设空 2021年1月 广东学考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第45空 关系副词 why（先行词 the reason，从句缺原因状语） 1处设空 2020年1月 广东学考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第5空 关系代词 who / that（先行词指人，作从句主语） 1处设空 统计口径：近三年（2024—2026）指 2024年1月、2025年1月、2026年1月三次广东合格考；另附 2020—2022 三年作趋势参照。以上均为语法填空逐空核对结果，语篇句为阅读、完形中含定语从句的原句，不作设空统计。 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：设空少，但每年必有。近 7 套语法填空共 70 空，定语从句占 5 空（2020第5空、2021第45空、2022第41空、2024第37空、2026第39空），平均每年 0.7 空。数量虽少，却是“必考项”——7 套里 5 套命中，命中率 71%。这 5 分不拿，等于把送分题丢掉。 规律二：关系代词多于关系副词，且只考标准判断。5 空里 3 空考关系代词（who/that、which、which），2 空考关系副词（why、where）。全部落在“先行词指人还是指物 + 从句缺主语、宾语还是状语”这条主线上，没有一空考 as 引导、也没有一空要求同时判断介词。 规律三：非限制性与分隔式正在升温。2022 第41空（It was my tablet, which I didn’t realize had fallen off…）与 2024 第37空（a big collection of rare bones, which always made him proud）连续两年考非限制性 which，且 2022 那一空把 I didn’t realize 插在 which 与 had fallen 之间，属分隔式。这说明命题人开始用“插入成分”拉高难度，读句时必须能跳过插入语找到从句主干。 规律四：阅读完形里的定语从句是隐性主战场。2025 卷语法填空零设空，但阅读B篇一段之内就出现 a large hall where all sorts of paintings are on the walls 与he is the only one who ever sees them 两处定语从句。定语从句不设空，并不等于不考——它决定你能不能在一次读句中断开主干与修饰，直接关系阅读速度与细节题定位。 考点一 关系代词 一、核心概念 定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词的作用。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导从句的词叫关系词。判断一个从句是不是定语从句，只看两条：从句前面有没有被修饰的名词，以及关系词在从句里是否充当成分。两条都成立，就是定语从句。 二、定语从句三要素 要素 含义 判断要点 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，偶尔可以是整个主句 紧挨在关系词之前；若被介词短语、谓语等隔开，即为“分隔式定语从句” 关系词 引导从句、代替先行词、并在从句中充当成分的词 关系代词（who/whom/whose/which/that/as）作主、宾、定语；关系副词（when/where/why）作状语 从句 关系词之后、直到句子结束的那部分 从句自身必须是“缺一块”的：缺主语、缺宾语、缺定语或缺状语，缺什么补什么 三、关系代词总表 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当 可否省略 典型例句 who 人 主语（偶尔宾语） 作宾语时可省 The kids who didn’t do chores were less likely to succeed. whom 人 宾语 限制性从句中可省 The man (whom) you met is a scientist. whose 人 / 物 定语（后接名词） 不可省 The girl whose car was stolen called the police. which 物 主语 / 宾语 作宾语时可省 The book (which) you lent me is interesting. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 作宾语时可省 This is the best film that I have ever seen. as 人 / 物 / 整句 主语 / 宾语 不可省 As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. 四、用法精讲 1. 关系词的三重身份 连接：把从句挂到先行词上；替代：代替先行词本身；成分：在从句里当一个句子成分。三重身份里，只有“成分”决定选谁——所以做题永远是先看从句缺什么，再看先行词指什么。 2. who 与 whom 的分工 who 在从句里作主语；whom 在从句里作宾语。口语中作宾语的 whom 常被 who 替代，但紧跟介词时只能用 whom（the man with whom I talked）。 3. whose 的两种等价改写 whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which / of whom。The library whose walls are blue = The library the walls of which are blue。语法填空中若空格后紧跟名词且句中已出现 the，优先想 whose。 4. that 与 which 的取舍原则 限制性从句中指物，两者多数可换；但只要出现“最高级、序数词、不定代词、既有人又有物”等六种情况，就只能用 that（详见考点四）。非限制性从句一律不用 that。 5. as 的特殊地位 as 引导非限制性定语从句时可放在句首、句中或句尾，译为“正如”，常见搭配 as is known to all、as we all know、as is often the case。which 引导的非限制性从句只能放在主句之后。 五、双语例句佐证 The kids who didn’t do household chores were more likely to fail. 不做家务的孩子更可能失败。（who 代替 the kids，在从句中作主语。） The man with whom I talked is a scientist. 和我谈话的那位男士是科学家。（介词 with 后只能用 whom，不能用 who。） The girl whose car was stolen last night called the police. 昨晚车被偷的那个女孩报了警。（whose 作定语，修饰 car。） This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。（先行词被最高级修饰，只能用 that。） As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。（从句位于句首，只能用 as，不能用 which。） 考点二 关系副词与介词+关系代词 一、核心概念 关系副词只有三个：when、where、why。它们与关系代词的分水岭只有一句：从句缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；从句不缺主宾、只缺状语，用关系副词。换一个更实用的说法——把先行词放回从句里，如果必须加一个介词才能说通，那就是关系副词。 二、关系副词总表 关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当 等价形式 典型例句 when 时间名词（day / year / time / period） 时间状语 at / in / on / during + which I still remember the day when we first met. where 地点名词（place / house / village / street） 地点状语 in / at / on + which This is the house where Lu Xun once lived. why 原因名词（reason） 原因状语 for + which That’s the reason why I’m happy now. 三、关系副词与“介词 + which”互换 原句（关系副词） 等价改写（介词 + which） 说明 I remember the day when we met. I remember the day on which we met. 具体到某一天用 on This is the house where I lived. This is the house in which I lived. 住在房子里用 in That is the reason why he left. That is the reason for which he left. for the reason 固定搭配 四、“介词 + 关系代词”五种结构 结构 适用对象 构成方式 典型例句 介词 + which 先行词指物 介词由从句动词/形容词或先行词搭配决定 This is the room in which we once lived. 介词 + whom 先行词指人 同上 The man to whom you spoke is our headmaster. the + 名词 + of which 先行词指物 whose 的等价改写 The house the roof of which was damaged is under repair. 数词 / 代词 / 最高级 + of which 先行词指物 表示“其中几个” He collected many books, most of which are English novels. 数词 / 代词 / 最高级 + of whom 先行词指人 同上 He has three sons, two of whom are doctors. 五、用法精讲 1. 抽象地点名词后面也用 where point、situation、case、stage、position、scene 等抽象名词作先行词，若从句缺状语，同样用 where。We have reached a point where we must make a decision. 2. the way 作先行词的三种写法 the way 后接定语从句且从句不缺主宾时，用 in which / that / 直接省略三种写法都可以：I don’t like the way (in which) he speaks. 注意：若关系词在从句中作主语，则不能省略。 3. 介词怎么选：两个方向 一是看从句里的动词或形容词固定搭配（talk about、be proud of、spend time on）；二是看先行词的习惯搭配（the reason for、the day on、the house in）。两条都试，哪条能说通就用哪条。 4. 关系代词还是关系副词：一次定位法 把先行词“搬回”从句空格处：能直接放在动词后面作宾语 → 关系代词；必须加介词才能放进去 → 关系副词或“介词 + which”。 六、双语例句佐证 This is the factory which / that we visited last year. 这是我们去年参观的工厂。（visit 是及物动词，从句缺宾语 → 关系代词。） This is the factory where my father works. 这是我父亲工作的工厂。（works 后不缺宾语，从句缺地点状语 → 关系副词。） We have reached a point where we must make a decision. 我们已到了必须作决定的关头。（point 是抽象地点名词，从句缺状语 → where。） I don’t like the way in which he speaks. 我不喜欢他说话的方式。（the way 作先行词，从句不缺主宾 → in which / that / 省略均可。） He has three sons, two of whom are doctors. 他有三个儿子，其中两个是医生。（数词 + of + whom 结构，先行词指人用 whom。） 考点三 限制性与非限制性定语从句 一、核心概念 限制性定语从句是先行词“不可缺少”的限定成分，删掉之后句子意思不完整；非限制性定语从句只是补充说明，删掉之后主句意思依然成立，书写上用逗号与主句隔开，朗读时有停顿。 二、限制性与非限制性对比 对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 有无逗号 无逗号，与主句连读 有逗号，与主句分开 作用 限定先行词范围，不可删 补充说明，可删 关系词 who / whom / whose / which / that / as who / whom / whose / which / as（不用 that） 能否省略关系词 作宾语时可省略 一律不可省略 翻译 常译成“……的”作前置定语 常译成独立分句，“这……”“他/它……” 例句 The students who passed the exam were praised.（只表扬通过的那些） The students, who passed the exam, were praised.（全体学生都受表扬） 三、as 与 which 对比 对比项 as which 位置 句首、句中、句尾均可 只能在主句之后 含义 “正如”，表示与预期一致 “这件事”，表示结果或评价 常见搭配 as is known to all / as we all know / as is often the case which made him angry / which is a pity 例句 As we all know, the earth is round. He failed again, which disappointed his father. 固定结构 the same…as（同类）、such…as（同类） the same…that（同一个） 四、用法精讲 1. 非限制性从句中的 which 可以指代整句 He failed the exam, which made his parents angry. 这里的 which 指代“他考试没及格”这一整件事，在从句中作主语。这种用法在广东卷的阅读与写作中极为常见。 2. 分隔式定语从句 先行词与从句之间被谓语、插入语隔开，是 2022 年第41空的考点原型：It was my tablet, which I didn’t realize had fallen off the bed. which 后面先插了一句 I didn’t realize，再接 had fallen。读句时先跳过插入成分，再找 which 的真正谓语。 3. 非限制性从句不能用 that 这是一条硬规则，也是选择题最爱的干扰项设置方式。看到逗号，先划掉 that 和 what 两个选项。 五、双语例句佐证 My brother, who is now in Beijing, will come back next week. 我哥哥下周回来，他现在在北京。（非限制性从句，补充说明，不能用 that。） He failed the exam, which made his parents very angry. 他考试没及格，这让他父母很生气。（which 指代整个主句，作主语。） As is often the case, he was late again. 正如经常发生的那样，他又迟到了。（as 位于句首，译为“正如”。） This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这支笔和我昨天丢的那支是同款。（the same…as 表同类，不是同一支。） This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那支笔。（the same…that 表同一个。） 考点四 易错辨析与解题三步法 一、核心概念 本考点把广东卷与全国卷最爱设的六类陷阱集中处理：that 专用六种情况、定语从句与同位语从句、定语从句与强调句、定语从句与状语从句、one of 结构的主谓一致、分隔式定语从句。这六类几乎覆盖了所有“读得懂却选不对”的失分场景。 二、只用 that 不用 which 的六种情况 序号 情况 例句 1 先行词是 all、much、anything、everything、nothing 等不定代词 Is there anything that belongs to that man? 2 先行词被 the only、the very、the last 等修饰 He is the only person that I trust. 3 先行词被序数词修饰 This is the first book that I bought. 4 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 5 先行词既有人又有物 They talked about the scholars and theories that influenced them. 6 主句以 who / which 开头，为避免重复 Who is the man that is standing there? 三、四组易混结构辨析 易混结构 判别方法 对照例句 定语从句 vs 同位语从句 把 that 后面的部分单独看：缺主语或宾语 → 定语从句；结构完整 → 同位语从句 The news that he told me was true.（缺宾语，定语从句） / The news that our team won made us excited.（结构完整，同位语从句） 定语从句 vs 强调句 去掉 It is / was … that 后：剩余部分结构完整 → 强调句；名词仍缺修饰 → 定语从句 It was in the room that we had the meeting.（强调句） / It was the room where we had the meeting.（定语从句） 定语从句 vs 地点状语从句 从句前面有没有先行词：有 → 定语从句；没有 → 状语从句 Put the book where it was.（状语从句） / Put the book in the place where it was.（定语从句） where 定语从句 vs 表语从句 看 where 前面是不是名词：是名词 → 定语从句；是系动词 → 表语从句 This is where we first met.（表语从句） / This is the place where we first met.（定语从句） 四、主谓一致三种结构 结构 从句谓语单复数 例句 one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 复数（先行词是复数名词） He is one of the students who have passed the exam. the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 单数（先行词是 the only one） He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. those who… 复数 Let’s learn from those who have achieved success. 五、解题三步法 解题三步法 第一步 找先行词：向关系词左边找最近的那个名词，注意跳过介词短语和插入语。 第二步 判成分：把先行词放回从句，看从句缺主语、宾语、定语，还是缺状语。缺主宾定 → 关系代词；缺状语 → 关系副词。 第三步 定关系词：先看先行词指人还是指物，再看有没有“that 专用”或“非限制性”的特殊限制，最后检查介词搭配是否成立。 两步自检 自检一：把选好的关系词代回从句，句子是否读得通？读不通，说明成分判断错了。 自检二：若从句不完整（缺主宾），却选了关系副词；或从句完整，却选了关系代词——立即回头重判。 考点一：关系代词的选择 例1.(2020年1月广东学考·语法填空) Another study finds that compared with the kids ________ didn’t do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to succeed. 例2.(2019年1月广东学考A卷·完形填空语篇改编) Let’s learn from those ________ have achieved success, and open a good book today. 1. In yesterday’s lecture, the elderly professor talked about the scholars and theories ________ had influenced his academic career. A. which B. who C. what D. that 2. The old man ________ we visited in the countryside is a famous artist. A. when B. whom C. which D. whose 3. We talked with the local writer ________ stories describe the life of villagers in the mountains. A. whose B. whom C. who D. that 4. The old temple ________ roof was damaged in the storm is now under repair. A. which B. whose C. where D. that 考点二：关系副词与“介词+关系代词” 例1.(2026年1月广东合格考·语法填空) There will also be a food street ________ you can try creative dishes. 例2.(2021年1月广东学考·语法填空) That’s the reason ________ I’m happy now. 1. The tough task ________ our team spent two months preparing won the city competition prize. A. on which B. in which C. for which D. at which 2. The metal box ________ the artist kept his paintings was damaged during transport. A. in which B. for which C. with which D. by which 3. Reading is an effective means ________ people can broaden their horizons and enrich their minds. A. on which B. in which C. by which D. for which 4. The ancient village has many stone houses, most ________ were built hundreds of years ago. A. of them B. of which C. which D. them 考点三：非限制性定语从句与 as 例1.(2022年1月广东合格考·语法填空) It was my tablet, ________ I didn’t realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. 例2.(2024年1月广东合格考·语法填空改编) He had a big collection of extremely rare bones, ________ always made him proud. 1. Such words ________ he often uses in his daily speech are seldom seen in formal academic articles. A. that B. which C. as D. what 2. He doesn’t possess such a mind ________ is necessary to a scientist. A. that B. which C. as D. what 3. A sudden heavy rain flooded downtown streets, ________ brought trouble to many commuters. A. that B. what C. which D. who 4. The festival will be held in October, ________ the weather is usually mild. A. which B. whom C. when D. that 考点四：易错辨析突破 例1.Such a degree of trust ________ the two partners had placed in each other was exactly what saved their company when the financial crisis struck. A. that B. as C. which D. where 例2.The news ________ you told me yesterday is totally false. The news ________ our team won the match made us excited. A. that；that B. which；that C. that；which D. which；which 例3.He is the only one of the students who ________ passed the exam. A. have B. has C. having D. to have 1. This is the most moving story ________ I have ever read. A. what B. that C. which D. who 2. The news ________ you told me yesterday is totally false. A. what B. that C. how D. whether 3. The famous actor invited the journalist to the small theater ________ his career began. There, he shared the way ________ he improved his acting skills. A. where; where B. which; where C. where; / D. which; / 4. The manager, ________ the company owes its present success, is a man ________ words seldom match his actions. A. to whom; of whom B. to which; whose C. whom; of which D. to whom; whose 一、单项选择（共10题） 从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The concert ________ will be held in our city next month is organized by some famous musicians. A. who B. what C. that D. where 2. The newly-built library, ________ walls are painted in a soft light blue, provides a quiet and peaceful environment for students. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 3. When you are down, you can talk to someone ________ brings you energy or watch movies that ________. A. who; cheer up you B. whom; cheer you up C. who; cheer you up D. that; cheer up you 4. This is the place ________ he often mentioned, but I have no ________ about it. A. /; sense B. which; idea C. where; humour D. that; doubt 5. This is the old building ________ twenty years ago. A. Grandma lived B. Grandma lives C. that Grandma lived D. that Grandma lived in 6. The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 7. They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life. A. which B. who C. why D. that 8. I’ll never forget the lesson ________ I learned last year. A. that B. who C. what D. whom 9. The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my classmate. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 10. I’m interested in the writers ________ popular among teenagers. A. that is B. who is C. who are D. which are 二、单句语法填空（共10题） 在下列各句的空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The book ________ you lent me last week is very interesting. 2. Do you know the man ________ car was stolen last night? 3. This is the best film ________ I have ever seen. 4. The school ________ he once studied has changed a lot. 5. He failed the exam again, ________ made his parents very disappointed. 6. ________ is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. 7. We have reached a point ________ we must make a choice. 8. He has three sons, two of ________ are doctors. 9. The reason ________ he was late was that he got up late. 10. This is the house ________ your grandfather once lived. 一、阅读理解（共3篇15题） A、B 两篇为四选一；C 篇为七选五（5选5，无干扰项），从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每篇均标明出处。 A （2025年1月广东合格考·阅读理解） I worked as a journalist and I was lucky to have an interview with Ezra Pryme, the famous English eccentric (怪人). I say “lucky”, because Ezra Pryme doesn’t have much time for humans and he almost has no visitors. He is very rich and he has a very big country house with a large garden. He has got a large family, but he never sees any of his children or his grandchildren. “I haven’t got any time for them,” he says. He has the largest collection of Art Deco objects in the world, but he is the only one who ever sees them. I knocked at the door of the house at exactly 3 p.m. Ezra’s servant opened the door for me. I was led through a large hall where all sorts of paintings are on the walls and then into a library. I waited for a while and at last a very short man appeared. As soon as he saw me, he held out his hand. Not expecting this, I hesitated for a moment. “You can shake hands,” he said. “I don’t have any diseases!” “Mind the steps!” he cried, leading me down some steps. “I don’t say that to all my visitors, you know!” 6. The underlined word “hesitated” probably means ________. A. introduced oneself B. held out one’s hand C. showed uncertainty D. showed dislikes 7. The writer was allowed to have the interview ________. A. because he was not a human being B. because he was a lucky journalist C. but we don’t know the reason D. since the eccentric likes journalists 8. Ezra Pryme is called eccentric for the following reasons EXCEPT ________. A. he never sees any of his children B. he has no time for humans C. he has seldom had visitors D. he decided to see the journalist 9. From the passage we may infer ________. A. Ezra Pryme lives far away from people B. Ezra Pryme keeps himself away from other people C. the writer hesitated because he thought Ezra Pryme had some disease D. the short man really has some illness 10. Which of the following most reflects the character of Ezra Pryme? A. He asked the servant to open the door for the guest. B. The guest waited for a while before he appeared. C. Nobody but he sees his collection. D. He asked the guest to mind the steps. B （2024年广东春季高考模拟卷） We often hear people say, “I have a good memory for things like that.” or “I can remember names.” But do you know memory is the single most important thing and it has played a very important part? For early men, there were dangers all around them — bad weather, wild animals. The keys to keep on living lay in man’s ability to remember these dangers and the ways he had dealt with them in the past. And as man learned how to deal with them, he became civilized. Surprisingly, scientists have not yet found a way to open up the brain and observe its function without destroying it. Perhaps there are two types of memory: long-term and short-term. Short-term refers to those facts that stay with us for a few seconds to a few hours. For example, when you stay at a hotel, you remember the room number and forget it as soon as you leave. Long-term memory, on the other hand, means you remember things for a long period of time. If you spend your honeymoon in a special hotel, it’s likely that you’ll remember your stay quite clearly. Scientists also believe that a short-term memory can become a long-term memory if a lot of chemical and physical changes take place in the part of the brain. Although the human brain weighs three pounds, it contains 30 billion nerve cells (神经细胞) acting like a computer. When those changes strengthen the links in certain nerve cells, a thought becomes a part of the long-term memory. 11. From the first paragraph, we know that someone is good at remembering ________. A. names B. figures C. pictures D. actions 12. To live safely, people in the past should be able to remember ________. A. the learning ability B. the dangers around them C. some wild plants D. their friends’ addresses 13. How many types of memory are mentioned in the passage? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 14. A short-term memory can become a long-term memory when ________. A. certain nerve cells get destroyed in daily life B. the facts stay in the brain for quite a few hours C. people become strong through different exercise D. some nerve cells link strongly by certain changes 15. What’s the best title for this passage? A. Living skills B. Chemical changes C. Memory types D. Physical changes C （2024年1月广东合格考） Plant-based ice creams have become a good summer choice these days. 16 If you doubt it, you may go to a local store and count all the ice creams that do not use cows’ milk. 17 Actually, plant-based ice cream sales have a 300% increase since 2018. 18 One is that people care about their health. Plant-based ice creams contain less fat, so they are healthier. Environmental protection is also a reason. Since these ice creams are made from different kinds of plant milk, less water and energy are required in the production. People used to think that plant-based ice creams tasted less delicious and less creamy. 19 Thanks to recent technological innovations (创新), plant-based ice creams of new flavors are introduced. They taste just like the creamy and smooth ice creams made from cow’s milk. As you can tell, the quality is really there, and people are becoming more and more interested in the new flavors. With the growing popularity, the plant-based ice cream industry is making more money. Years ago, only a few companies produced plant-based ice creams. 20 【选项】 A. But it’s no longer the case. B. The results might surprise you. C. They are more popular now than ever before. D. There are several reasons for the sharp growth. E. Now more ice cream makers have entered the business. 二、完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。（2022年1月广东合格考·完形填空） The king of Kamera in Africa was a proud and cruel man. His men ____21____ him and immediately carried out his orders. But one day when he was saying proudly that all men were his servants, a ____22____ old man called Boukabar criticized (批评) him, saying, “All men are ____23____ of one another.” “So I am your servant, am I?” said the king very ____24____. “Then prove it. Force me to work for you before sunset, and I will ____25____ you a hundred cows. If you ____26____, I will kill you.” “Very well,” said Boukabar. Being a very old man, he had to use a stick for ____27____. Just as he took it up and was about to go out, a beggar came to the door. “Allow me,” said Boukabar, “to give this ____28____ man something to eat.” Taking some food in both hands, Boukabar tottered (蹒跚) past the king. His stick ____29____ from under his arm and got ____30____ on his clothes, and nearly tripped (绊倒) him up. He cried to the king, “Please pick up the stick or I shall fall.” The king picked it up without thinking, and Boukabar then laughed ____31____ and said, “You see all ____32____ men are servants of one another. I am serving the ____33____ and you are serving me. But I do not want the ____34____. Give them to the poor.” The king did so, and took Boukabar as his chief ____35____. 21. A. liked B. feared C. avoided D. doubted 22. A. wise B. common C. strict D. polite 23. A. rulers B. servants C. workers D. students 24. A. happily B. hurriedly C. angrily D. hopefully 25. A. find B. give C. show D. lend 26. A. argue B. finish C. fail D. agree 27. A. walking B. fighting C. talking D. climbing 28. A. funny B. clever C. brave D. poor 29. A. jumped B. rose C. fell D. appeared 30. A. broken B. hurt C. taken D. caught 31. A. merrily B. bitterly C. secretly D. openly 32. A. rich B. foolish C. old D. good 33. A. waiter B. beggar C. king D. soldier 34. A. sticks B. money C. cows D. food 35. A. advisor B. king C. cook D. designer 三、语法填空（共10题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2025年1月广东合格考） Being a journalist is a cool thing, but do you know how to achieve your dream? 36 (become) a journalist, the first step is to receive education. Most journalists have, at least, a bachelor’s degree in English, communication or journalism. Education is 37 necessary stepping stone to learn about journalism and to help you get your first job with a newspaper, magazine, or other forms of media. Also some schools 38 (assist) you when you search for journalism jobs. While you are receiving your education, 39 is a good idea to get as much hands-on experience as you can. This means 40 (work) on your school’s newspaper or radio station and taking at least one internship during your years at school. Internships can be 41 (value) experience and here are some useful suggestions. Leave a good 42 (impress) on others. Learn from experienced colleagues. Communicate 43 (effect) with other people. Write clearly and concisely. Be always prepared for the unexpected news and the ability to find a good story quickly is important 44 well. As you are completing your education and hands-on experience, you should be able to determine e 45 becoming a journalist is the career path you want to take ahead of time. 四、书面表达（共1题） （2024年广东春季高考模拟卷·书面表达） 假定你是李华，你的好朋友 Peter 是初三学生。在最近的一次来信中 Peter 提到因为书写不够美观、整洁，在多次英语考试中他的作文得分都不理想，这是他目前最大的困扰。请你给 Peter 回信并针对他的问题提出建议。 1. 理解和安慰； 2. 你的建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 90 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 定语从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 关系代词 考点二 关系副词与介词+关系代词 考点三 限制性与非限制性定语从句 考点四 易错辨析与解题三步法 研|核心专题精讲 考点一：关系代词的选择 考点二：关系副词与“介词+关系代词” 考点三：非限制性定语从句与as 考点四：易错辨析突破 练|巩固提升训练 一、课标要求与命题定位 《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》在“语言知识·语法知识”中要求：学生应在语篇中理解和运用复合句，能够识别并理解定语从句的构成与表意功能，在书面表达中恰当使用定语从句使表达更准确、连贯。课标同时强调“形式—意义—使用”三维语法观，即不只判断关系词，更要读懂定语从句在语篇中承担的限定、补充、评价等交际功能。 对广东合格考而言，本专题呈现出“设空少、渗透广”的特点：语法填空中每年仅 0～1 空直接设题，但阅读理解与完形填空中含定语从句的句子极为密集，长难句的主干剥离几乎都要靠定语从句的切分能力。因此本专题的备考重点不是背规则，而是“三秒定关系词 + 一眼切主干”两项硬本领。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 课标要求 本专题对应考点 广东合格考呈现方式 识别复合句的构成，理解从句与主句的逻辑关系 考点一 关系代词（who / whom / whose / which / that / as） 语法填空直接设空；阅读长难句切分 理解并运用关系副词表达时间、地点、原因 考点二 关系副词（when / where / why）与“介词+关系代词” 语法填空第39空（2026·where）、第45空（2021·why） 区分限制性与非限制性，把握补充说明功能 考点三 非限制性定语从句与 as 的用法 语法填空第37空（2024·which）、第41空（2022·which） 在书面表达中使用复合句提升连贯性 考点四 易错辨析与写作迁移 书面表达范文中的定语从句串联细节 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 下表逐年核对语法填空的每一空，标出定语从句的直接设空点，并列出阅读、完形中定语从句的密集语篇，另附 2020—2022 三年作趋势参照。 年份·卷别 考查板块 题号 考查点 小计 2024年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第37空 非限制性 which 指代前文名词短语，作从句主语 1处设空 Ⅱ 阅读理解 B篇 语篇句 who / that 引导定语从句修饰 things、professor（语篇理解） 2025年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 — 本卷语法填空未设定语从句空（36 To become、40 working、45 whether） Ⅱ 阅读理解 B篇 语篇句 a large hall where… / the only one who… 密集出现 语篇3处 2026年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第39空 关系副词 where（先行词 food street，从句缺地点状语） 1处设空 2022年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第41空 非限制性 which 引导分隔式从句，作从句主语 1处设空 2021年1月 广东学考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第45空 关系副词 why（先行词 the reason，从句缺原因状语） 1处设空 2020年1月 广东学考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第5空 关系代词 who / that（先行词指人，作从句主语） 1处设空 统计口径：近三年（2024—2026）指 2024年1月、2025年1月、2026年1月三次广东合格考；另附 2020—2022 三年作趋势参照。以上均为语法填空逐空核对结果，语篇句为阅读、完形中含定语从句的原句，不作设空统计。 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：设空少，但每年必有。近 7 套语法填空共 70 空，定语从句占 5 空（2020第5空、2021第45空、2022第41空、2024第37空、2026第39空），平均每年 0.7 空。数量虽少，却是“必考项”——7 套里 5 套命中，命中率 71%。这 5 分不拿，等于把送分题丢掉。 规律二：关系代词多于关系副词，且只考标准判断。5 空里 3 空考关系代词（who/that、which、which），2 空考关系副词（why、where）。全部落在“先行词指人还是指物 + 从句缺主语、宾语还是状语”这条主线上，没有一空考 as 引导、也没有一空要求同时判断介词。 规律三：非限制性与分隔式正在升温。2022 第41空（It was my tablet, which I didn’t realize had fallen off…）与 2024 第37空（a big collection of rare bones, which always made him proud）连续两年考非限制性 which，且 2022 那一空把 I didn’t realize 插在 which 与 had fallen 之间，属分隔式。这说明命题人开始用“插入成分”拉高难度，读句时必须能跳过插入语找到从句主干。 规律四：阅读完形里的定语从句是隐性主战场。2025 卷语法填空零设空，但阅读B篇一段之内就出现 a large hall where all sorts of paintings are on the walls 与he is the only one who ever sees them 两处定语从句。定语从句不设空，并不等于不考——它决定你能不能在一次读句中断开主干与修饰，直接关系阅读速度与细节题定位。 考点一 关系代词 一、核心概念 定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词的作用。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导从句的词叫关系词。判断一个从句是不是定语从句，只看两条：从句前面有没有被修饰的名词，以及关系词在从句里是否充当成分。两条都成立，就是定语从句。 二、定语从句三要素 要素 含义 判断要点 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，偶尔可以是整个主句 紧挨在关系词之前；若被介词短语、谓语等隔开，即为“分隔式定语从句” 关系词 引导从句、代替先行词、并在从句中充当成分的词 关系代词（who/whom/whose/which/that/as）作主、宾、定语；关系副词（when/where/why）作状语 从句 关系词之后、直到句子结束的那部分 从句自身必须是“缺一块”的：缺主语、缺宾语、缺定语或缺状语，缺什么补什么 三、关系代词总表 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当 可否省略 典型例句 who 人 主语（偶尔宾语） 作宾语时可省 The kids who didn’t do chores were less likely to succeed. whom 人 宾语 限制性从句中可省 The man (whom) you met is a scientist. whose 人 / 物 定语（后接名词） 不可省 The girl whose car was stolen called the police. which 物 主语 / 宾语 作宾语时可省 The book (which) you lent me is interesting. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 作宾语时可省 This is the best film that I have ever seen. as 人 / 物 / 整句 主语 / 宾语 不可省 As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. 四、用法精讲 1. 关系词的三重身份 连接：把从句挂到先行词上；替代：代替先行词本身；成分：在从句里当一个句子成分。三重身份里，只有“成分”决定选谁——所以做题永远是先看从句缺什么，再看先行词指什么。 2. who 与 whom 的分工 who 在从句里作主语；whom 在从句里作宾语。口语中作宾语的 whom 常被 who 替代，但紧跟介词时只能用 whom（the man with whom I talked）。 3. whose 的两种等价改写 whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which / of whom。The library whose walls are blue = The library the walls of which are blue。语法填空中若空格后紧跟名词且句中已出现 the，优先想 whose。 4. that 与 which 的取舍原则 限制性从句中指物，两者多数可换；但只要出现“最高级、序数词、不定代词、既有人又有物”等六种情况，就只能用 that（详见考点四）。非限制性从句一律不用 that。 5. as 的特殊地位 as 引导非限制性定语从句时可放在句首、句中或句尾，译为“正如”，常见搭配 as is known to all、as we all know、as is often the case。which 引导的非限制性从句只能放在主句之后。 五、双语例句佐证 The kids who didn’t do household chores were more likely to fail. 不做家务的孩子更可能失败。（who 代替 the kids，在从句中作主语。） The man with whom I talked is a scientist. 和我谈话的那位男士是科学家。（介词 with 后只能用 whom，不能用 who。） The girl whose car was stolen last night called the police. 昨晚车被偷的那个女孩报了警。（whose 作定语，修饰 car。） This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。（先行词被最高级修饰，只能用 that。） As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。（从句位于句首，只能用 as，不能用 which。） 考点二 关系副词与介词+关系代词 一、核心概念 关系副词只有三个：when、where、why。它们与关系代词的分水岭只有一句：从句缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；从句不缺主宾、只缺状语，用关系副词。换一个更实用的说法——把先行词放回从句里，如果必须加一个介词才能说通，那就是关系副词。 二、关系副词总表 关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当 等价形式 典型例句 when 时间名词（day / year / time / period） 时间状语 at / in / on / during + which I still remember the day when we first met. where 地点名词（place / house / village / street） 地点状语 in / at / on + which This is the house where Lu Xun once lived. why 原因名词（reason） 原因状语 for + which That’s the reason why I’m happy now. 三、关系副词与“介词 + which”互换 原句（关系副词） 等价改写（介词 + which） 说明 I remember the day when we met. I remember the day on which we met. 具体到某一天用 on This is the house where I lived. This is the house in which I lived. 住在房子里用 in That is the reason why he left. That is the reason for which he left. for the reason 固定搭配 四、“介词 + 关系代词”五种结构 结构 适用对象 构成方式 典型例句 介词 + which 先行词指物 介词由从句动词/形容词或先行词搭配决定 This is the room in which we once lived. 介词 + whom 先行词指人 同上 The man to whom you spoke is our headmaster. the + 名词 + of which 先行词指物 whose 的等价改写 The house the roof of which was damaged is under repair. 数词 / 代词 / 最高级 + of which 先行词指物 表示“其中几个” He collected many books, most of which are English novels. 数词 / 代词 / 最高级 + of whom 先行词指人 同上 He has three sons, two of whom are doctors. 五、用法精讲 1. 抽象地点名词后面也用 where point、situation、case、stage、position、scene 等抽象名词作先行词，若从句缺状语，同样用 where。We have reached a point where we must make a decision. 2. the way 作先行词的三种写法 the way 后接定语从句且从句不缺主宾时，用 in which / that / 直接省略三种写法都可以：I don’t like the way (in which) he speaks. 注意：若关系词在从句中作主语，则不能省略。 3. 介词怎么选：两个方向 一是看从句里的动词或形容词固定搭配（talk about、be proud of、spend time on）；二是看先行词的习惯搭配（the reason for、the day on、the house in）。两条都试，哪条能说通就用哪条。 4. 关系代词还是关系副词：一次定位法 把先行词“搬回”从句空格处：能直接放在动词后面作宾语 → 关系代词；必须加介词才能放进去 → 关系副词或“介词 + which”。 六、双语例句佐证 This is the factory which / that we visited last year. 这是我们去年参观的工厂。（visit 是及物动词，从句缺宾语 → 关系代词。） This is the factory where my father works. 这是我父亲工作的工厂。（works 后不缺宾语，从句缺地点状语 → 关系副词。） We have reached a point where we must make a decision. 我们已到了必须作决定的关头。（point 是抽象地点名词，从句缺状语 → where。） I don’t like the way in which he speaks. 我不喜欢他说话的方式。（the way 作先行词，从句不缺主宾 → in which / that / 省略均可。） He has three sons, two of whom are doctors. 他有三个儿子，其中两个是医生。（数词 + of + whom 结构，先行词指人用 whom。） 考点三 限制性与非限制性定语从句 一、核心概念 限制性定语从句是先行词“不可缺少”的限定成分，删掉之后句子意思不完整；非限制性定语从句只是补充说明，删掉之后主句意思依然成立，书写上用逗号与主句隔开，朗读时有停顿。 二、限制性与非限制性对比 对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 有无逗号 无逗号，与主句连读 有逗号，与主句分开 作用 限定先行词范围，不可删 补充说明，可删 关系词 who / whom / whose / which / that / as who / whom / whose / which / as（不用 that） 能否省略关系词 作宾语时可省略 一律不可省略 翻译 常译成“……的”作前置定语 常译成独立分句，“这……”“他/它……” 例句 The students who passed the exam were praised.（只表扬通过的那些） The students, who passed the exam, were praised.（全体学生都受表扬） 三、as 与 which 对比 对比项 as which 位置 句首、句中、句尾均可 只能在主句之后 含义 “正如”，表示与预期一致 “这件事”，表示结果或评价 常见搭配 as is known to all / as we all know / as is often the case which made him angry / which is a pity 例句 As we all know, the earth is round. He failed again, which disappointed his father. 固定结构 the same…as（同类）、such…as（同类） the same…that（同一个） 四、用法精讲 1. 非限制性从句中的 which 可以指代整句 He failed the exam, which made his parents angry. 这里的 which 指代“他考试没及格”这一整件事，在从句中作主语。这种用法在广东卷的阅读与写作中极为常见。 2. 分隔式定语从句 先行词与从句之间被谓语、插入语隔开，是 2022 年第41空的考点原型：It was my tablet, which I didn’t realize had fallen off the bed. which 后面先插了一句 I didn’t realize，再接 had fallen。读句时先跳过插入成分，再找 which 的真正谓语。 3. 非限制性从句不能用 that 这是一条硬规则，也是选择题最爱的干扰项设置方式。看到逗号，先划掉 that 和 what 两个选项。 五、双语例句佐证 My brother, who is now in Beijing, will come back next week. 我哥哥下周回来，他现在在北京。（非限制性从句，补充说明，不能用 that。） He failed the exam, which made his parents very angry. 他考试没及格，这让他父母很生气。（which 指代整个主句，作主语。） As is often the case, he was late again. 正如经常发生的那样，他又迟到了。（as 位于句首，译为“正如”。） This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这支笔和我昨天丢的那支是同款。（the same…as 表同类，不是同一支。） This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那支笔。（the same…that 表同一个。） 考点四 易错辨析与解题三步法 一、核心概念 本考点把广东卷与全国卷最爱设的六类陷阱集中处理：that 专用六种情况、定语从句与同位语从句、定语从句与强调句、定语从句与状语从句、one of 结构的主谓一致、分隔式定语从句。这六类几乎覆盖了所有“读得懂却选不对”的失分场景。 二、只用 that 不用 which 的六种情况 序号 情况 例句 1 先行词是 all、much、anything、everything、nothing 等不定代词 Is there anything that belongs to that man? 2 先行词被 the only、the very、the last 等修饰 He is the only person that I trust. 3 先行词被序数词修饰 This is the first book that I bought. 4 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 5 先行词既有人又有物 They talked about the scholars and theories that influenced them. 6 主句以 who / which 开头，为避免重复 Who is the man that is standing there? 三、四组易混结构辨析 易混结构 判别方法 对照例句 定语从句 vs 同位语从句 把 that 后面的部分单独看：缺主语或宾语 → 定语从句；结构完整 → 同位语从句 The news that he told me was true.（缺宾语，定语从句） / The news that our team won made us excited.（结构完整，同位语从句） 定语从句 vs 强调句 去掉 It is / was … that 后：剩余部分结构完整 → 强调句；名词仍缺修饰 → 定语从句 It was in the room that we had the meeting.（强调句） / It was the room where we had the meeting.（定语从句） 定语从句 vs 地点状语从句 从句前面有没有先行词：有 → 定语从句；没有 → 状语从句 Put the book where it was.（状语从句） / Put the book in the place where it was.（定语从句） where 定语从句 vs 表语从句 看 where 前面是不是名词：是名词 → 定语从句；是系动词 → 表语从句 This is where we first met.（表语从句） / This is the place where we first met.（定语从句） 四、主谓一致三种结构 结构 从句谓语单复数 例句 one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 复数（先行词是复数名词） He is one of the students who have passed the exam. the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 单数（先行词是 the only one） He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. those who… 复数 Let’s learn from those who have achieved success. 五、解题三步法 解题三步法 第一步 找先行词：向关系词左边找最近的那个名词，注意跳过介词短语和插入语。 第二步 判成分：把先行词放回从句，看从句缺主语、宾语、定语，还是缺状语。缺主宾定 → 关系代词；缺状语 → 关系副词。 第三步 定关系词：先看先行词指人还是指物，再看有没有“that 专用”或“非限制性”的特殊限制，最后检查介词搭配是否成立。 两步自检 自检一：把选好的关系词代回从句，句子是否读得通？读不通，说明成分判断错了。 自检二：若从句不完整（缺主宾），却选了关系副词；或从句完整，却选了关系代词——立即回头重判。 考点一：关系代词的选择 例1.(2020年1月广东学考·语法填空) Another study finds that compared with the kids ________ didn’t do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to succeed. 【答案】who / that 【详解】考查关系代词作主语。先行词是 the kids，指人；空格后的从句缺主语（didn’t do 前面没有主语），因此用关系代词 who 或 that。句意：另一项研究发现，与不做家务的孩子相比，三四岁开始做家务的年轻人更有可能成功。 【点睛】先行词指人 + 从句缺主语 = who/that。这是定语从句最基础、也是广东卷最高频的一空。 例2.(2019年1月广东学考A卷·完形填空) Let’s learn from those ________ have achieved success, and open a good book today. 【答案】who 【详解】考查 those who 结构。先行词 those 指人，从句缺主语，用 who 引导；注意从句谓语用复数 have，与 those 保持一致。句意：让我们向那些已经取得成功的人学习，今天就打开一本好书。 【点睛】those who… 是写作高频句式，可套用为 Those who work hard will be rewarded。 1. In yesterday’s lecture, the elderly professor talked about the scholars and theories ________ had influenced his academic career. A. which B. who C. what D. that 【答案】D 【详解】先行词 the scholars and theories 既有人又有物，关系词在从句中作主语；先行词既含人又含物时，只能用 that。what 不能引导定语从句，who 只指人，故选 D。 2. The old man ________ we visited in the countryside is a famous artist. A. when B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】B 【详解】先行词 the old man 指人，从句 we visited ___ 中 visited 缺宾语，关系词在从句中作宾语，用 whom（口语可用 who）。when 作时间状语、which 指物、whose 作定语，均不合，故选 B。 3. We talked with the local writer ________ stories describe the life of villagers in the mountains. A. whose B. whom C. who D. that 【答案】A 【详解】空格后紧跟名词 stories，说明关系词在从句中作定语，表示“这位作家的故事”，用 whose。whom、who、that 都不能直接修饰名词，故选 A。 4. The old temple ________ roof was damaged in the storm is now under repair. A. which B. whose C. where D. that 【答案】B 【详解】空格后是名词 roof，关系词作定语修饰 roof，表示“寺庙的屋顶”，用 whose（= the roof of which）。which 和 that 在从句中作主宾，where 作状语，均不能修饰名词，故选 B。 考点二：关系副词与“介词+关系代词” 例1.(2026年1月广东合格考·语法填空) There will also be a food street ________ you can try creative dishes. 【答案】where 【详解】考查关系副词作地点状语。先行词是 a food street（地点），从句 you can try creative dishes 主谓宾齐全，不缺主语也不缺宾语，缺的是地点状语，故用关系副词 where，相当于 on which。句意：还会有一条美食街，你可以在那里品尝创意菜肴。 【点睛】判断口诀：从句“不缺主宾”就找关系副词；把先行词放回从句，需要加介词才通顺的，一定是关系副词。 例2.(2021年1月广东学考·语法填空) That’s the reason ________ I’m happy now. 【答案】why 【详解】考查关系副词 why。先行词是 the reason，从句 I’m happy now 结构完整，缺的是原因状语，故用 why，相当于 for which。句意：那就是我现在快乐的原因。 【点睛】reason 后跟定语从句，若从句完整用 why；若从句缺主语或宾语，则要用 that / which。对比：That’s the reason that he gave.（gave 缺宾语，用 that/which） 1. The tough task ________ our team spent two months preparing won the city competition prize. A. on which B. in which C. for which D. at which 【答案】C 【详解】从句还原为 our team spent two months preparing for the task，spend time preparing for sth. 中的介词 for 提到关系词前，构成 for which。句意：我们队花了两个月准备的那项艰巨任务赢得了市级比赛奖项。故选 C。 2. The metal box ________ the artist kept his paintings was damaged during transport. A. in which B. for which C. with which D. by which 【答案】A 【详解】从句还原为 the artist kept his paintings in the box，表示“在盒子里”，介词用 in，构成 in which（= where）。故选 A。 3. Reading is an effective means ________ people can broaden their horizons and enrich their minds. A. on which B. in which C. by which D. for which 【答案】C 【详解】means 意为“方式、手段”，by means of 是固定搭配；从句还原为 people can broaden their horizons by this means，故用 by which。句意：阅读是人们开阔视野、丰富心灵的有效方式。故选 C。 4. The ancient village has many stone houses, most ________ were built hundreds of years ago. A. of them B. of which C. which D. them 【答案】B 【详解】“most of + 关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 stone houses 指物，用 of which。若选 of them 或 them，两个句子之间没有连词，会构成逗号粘连的错误。故选 B。 考点三：非限制性定语从句与 as 例1.(2022年1月广东合格考·语法填空) It was my tablet, ________ I didn’t realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句中的分隔式用法。逗号后是非限制性从句，先行词 my tablet 指物，不能用 that；which 在从句中作 had fallen off 的主语，中间的 I didn’t realize 是插入成分，把 which 与它的谓语暂时隔开。句意：那是我的平板电脑，我之前没意识到它已经从床上掉到了地板上。 【点睛】这是广东卷近年最难的一空：插入语把关系词和谓语拆开。读法是先跳过 I didn’t realize，直接问 which … had fallen off 是否通顺。 例2.(2024年1月广东合格考·语法填空) He had a big collection of extremely rare bones, ________ always made him proud. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句指代整个名词短语。逗号后不能用 that；which 指代前面“他有一大批极罕见的骨头收藏”这件事（或 collection），在从句中作主语，made him proud 是谓语部分。句意：他收藏了一大批极罕见的骨头，这总让他引以为豪。 【点睛】which 指代整句，译成“这……”，是书面表达里的高级衔接手段，可直接套用：…, which made me realize the value of teamwork. 1. Such words ________ he often uses in his daily speech are seldom seen in formal academic articles. A. that B. which C. as D. what 【答案】C 【详解】先行词 words 前有 such 修饰，构成 such + 名词 + as 的固定结构，as 在从句中作 uses 的宾语。注意区分 such…as（引导定语从句，意为“像……这样的”）与 such…that（引导结果状语从句），故选 C。 2. He doesn’t possess such a mind ________ is necessary to a scientist. A. that B. which C. as D. what 【答案】C 【详解】与上题同理，such a mind 后接 as 引导的定语从句，as 在从句中作主语。句意：他不具备科学家所必需的那种头脑。故选 C。 3. A sudden heavy rain flooded downtown streets, ________ brought trouble to many commuters. A. that B. what C. which D. who 【答案】C 【详解】逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句“一场突如其来的大雨淹了市中心街道”这件事，which 在从句中作主语。非限制性从句不能用 that，what 不能引导定语从句，故选 C。 4. The festival will be held in October, ________ the weather is usually mild. A. which B. whom C. when D. that 【答案】C 【详解】先行词 October 表时间，从句 the weather is usually mild 结构完整，缺时间状语，故用关系副词 when（= in which）。故选 C。 考点四：易错辨析突破 例1.Such a degree of trust ________ the two partners had placed in each other was exactly what saved their company when the financial crisis struck. A. that B. as C. which D. where 【答案】B 【详解】考查 such…as 结构。先行词前有 such 修饰时，定语从句用 as 引导，构成 such + 名词 + as 的固定搭配，as 在从句中作 placed 的宾语。句意：两位合伙人彼此之间建立的那种信任程度，正是金融危机来袭时拯救公司的关键。that 不能与 such 搭配引导定语从句，故选 B。 【点睛】牢记两组对照：such…as（同类，定语从句）、such…that（如此……以致，结果状语从句）。 例2.The news ________ you told me yesterday is totally false. The news ________ our team won the match made us excited. A. that；that B. which；that C. that；which D. which；which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句与同位语从句的区分。第一句 told 缺宾语，that 在从句中作宾语并在限制性从句中可省略，属定语从句；第二句 our team won the match 结构完整，that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，属同位语从句，且同位语从句只能用 that。两空均填 that，故选 A。 【点睛】判别口诀：把 that 后面的部分单独拿出来读——缺主宾是定语从句，不缺是同位语从句。 例3.He is the only one of the students who ________ passed the exam. A. have B. has C. having D. to have 【答案】B 【详解】考查 one of 结构的主谓一致。在“the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，先行词是 the only one（单数），从句谓语用单数 has。若去掉 only（He is one of the students who…），先行词变成 students，谓语则用复数 have。句意：他是学生中唯一一个通过考试的人。 【点睛】记忆法：only 一出，只认“一个”，谓语跟单数。 1. This is the most moving story ________ I have ever read. A. what B. that C. which D. who 【答案】B 【详解】先行词 story 被形容词最高级 the most moving 修饰，关系词只能用 that，不能用 which。what 不能引导定语从句，who 只指人，故选 B。 2. The news ________ you told me yesterday is totally false. A. what B. that C. how D. whether 【答案】B 【详解】从句 you told me yesterday 中 told 缺直接宾语，关系词在从句中作宾语，先行词 the news 指物，用 that（也可用 which）。句意：你昨天告诉我的那条消息完全是假的。故选 B。 3. The famous actor invited the journalist to the small theater ________ his career began. There, he shared the way ________ he improved his acting skills. A. where; where B. which; where C. where; / D. which; / 【答案】C 【详解】第一空：先行词 the small theater 表地点，从句 his career began 缺地点状语，用 where；第二空：先行词 the way，从句 he improved his acting skills 结构完整，关系词作方式状语，可用 in which / that，也可直接省略，故第二空不填。故选 C。 4. The manager, ________ the company owes its present success, is a man ________ words seldom match his actions. A. to whom; of whom B. to which; whose C. whom; of which D. to whom; whose 【答案】D 【详解】第一空：owe sth. to sb. 表示“把……归功于某人”，介词 to 提前，先行词指人用 whom，构成 to whom；第二空：空格后是名词 words，关系词作定语，用 whose。故选 D。 一、单项选择（共10题） 从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The concert ________ will be held in our city next month is organized by some famous musicians. A. who B. what C. that D. where 【答案】C 【详解】先行词 the concert 指物，从句 will be held in our city next month 缺主语，用关系代词 that（也可用 which）。who 指人，what 不能引导定语从句，where 作状语，故选 C。 2. The newly-built library, ________ walls are painted in a soft light blue, provides a quiet and peaceful environment for students. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 【答案】A 【详解】非限制性定语从句中，空格后紧跟名词 walls，需要一个能作定语的关系词表示“图书馆的墙”，用 whose。of which 也可表所属，但结构须为 the walls of which 或 of which the walls，不能直接写成 of which walls，故选 A。 3. When you are down, you can talk to someone ________ brings you energy or watch movies that ________. A. who; cheer up you B. whom; cheer you up C. who; cheer you up D. that; cheer up you 【答案】C 【详解】第一空：先行词 someone 指人，从句缺主语，用 who；第二空：动副短语 cheer up 接代词宾语时，代词必须放在中间，即 cheer you up。故选 C。 4. This is the place ________ he often mentioned, but I have no ________ about it. A. /; sense B. which; idea C. where; humour D. that; doubt 【答案】B 【详解】第一空：从句 he often mentioned ___ 中 mentioned 缺宾语，用 which 或 that，也可省略，但四个选项中只有 B 项第一空成立（A 项省略在书面语中可接受，但第二空 sense 搭配不当）；第二空：have no idea 是固定搭配，意为“不知道”。故选 B。 5. This is the old building ________ twenty years ago. A. Grandma lived B. Grandma lives C. that Grandma lived D. that Grandma lived in 【答案】D 【详解】live 是不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，必须借助介词 in；关系词 that 代指 the old building，在从句中作介词 in 的宾语，即 the building (that) Grandma lived in。故选 D。 6. The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】D 【详解】先行词 the story 指物，从句 told me about Qian Xuesen 缺宾语，用 which（也可用 that）。who、whom 只指人，whose 作定语，故选 D。 7. They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life. A. which B. who C. why D. that 【答案】D 【详解】先行词 inventions 被形容词最高级 the greatest 修饰，关系词只能用 that，且在从句中作主语。故选 D。 8. I’ll never forget the lesson ________ I learned last year. A. that B. who C. what D. whom 【答案】A 【详解】先行词 the lesson 指物，从句 learned 缺宾语，用 that（也可用 which）。what 不能引导定语从句，who、whom 只指人，故选 A。 9. The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my classmate. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【详解】先行词 the girl 指人，从句 is wearing a red dress 缺主语，用 who（也可用 that）。whom 作宾语，whose 作定语，which 指物，故选 B。 10. I’m interested in the writers ________ popular among teenagers. A. that is B. who is C. who are D. which are 【答案】C 【详解】先行词 the writers 是复数、指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who，且从句谓语要与复数先行词保持一致，用 are。故选 C。 二、单句语法填空（共10题） 在下列各句的空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The book ________ you lent me last week is very interesting. 【答案】that / which 【详解】先行词 the book 指物，从句 you lent me 中 lent 缺直接宾语，用 that 或 which；在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略。句意：你上周借给我的那本书很有趣。 2. Do you know the man ________ car was stolen last night? 【答案】whose 【详解】空格后紧跟名词 car，关系词在从句中作定语，表示“这个人的车”，用 whose。句意：你认识昨晚车被偷的那个人吗？ 3. This is the best film ________ I have ever seen. 【答案】that 【详解】先行词 film 被形容词最高级 the best 修饰，关系词只能用 that，不能用 which。句意：这是我看过的最好的电影。 4. The school ________ he once studied has changed a lot. 【答案】where / in which 【详解】从句 he once studied 主谓结构完整，缺地点状语；先行词 the school 表地点，用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。句意：他曾经就读的那所学校变化很大。 5. He failed the exam again, ________ made his parents very disappointed. 【答案】which 【详解】逗号后为非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面整个主句“他又一次考试不及格”这件事，在从句中作主语；非限制性从句不能用 that。句意：他又一次考试不及格，这让他的父母非常失望。 6. ________ is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. 【答案】As 【详解】从句位于句首、指代整个主句、意为“众所周知”，只能用 As 引导非限制性定语从句；which 引导的从句不能置于句首。句意：众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 7. We have reached a point ________ we must make a choice. 【答案】where / at which 【详解】先行词 point 是抽象地点名词，从句 we must make a choice 结构完整，缺地点状语，用 where，相当于 at which。句意：我们已经到了必须作出选择的关头。 8. He has three sons, two of ________ are doctors. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查“数词 + of + 关系代词”结构。先行词 sons 指人，介词 of 后必须用 whom，不能用 who。句意：他有三个儿子，其中两个是医生。 9. The reason ________ he was late was that he got up late. 【答案】why / for which 【详解】先行词 the reason，从句 he was late 结构完整，缺原因状语，用关系副词 why，相当于 for which。注意与“The reason that he gave”区分：后者 gave 缺宾语，用 that/which。句意：他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 10. This is the house ________ your grandfather once lived. 【答案】where / in which 【详解】从句 your grandfather once lived 主谓完整，缺地点状语；先行词 the house 表地点，用 where，相当于 in which。句意：这就是你祖父曾经住过的房子。 一、阅读理解（共3篇15题） A、B 两篇为四选一；C 篇为七选五（5选5，无干扰项），从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每篇均标明出处。 A （2025年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇） I worked as a journalist and I was lucky to have an interview with Ezra Pryme, the famous English eccentric (怪人). I say “lucky”, because Ezra Pryme doesn’t have much time for humans and he almost has no visitors. He is very rich and he has a very big country house with a large garden. He has got a large family, but he never sees any of his children or his grandchildren. “I haven’t got any time for them,” he says. He has the largest collection of Art Deco objects in the world, but he is the only one who ever sees them. I knocked at the door of the house at exactly 3 p.m. Ezra’s servant opened the door for me. I was led through a large hall where all sorts of paintings are on the walls and then into a library. I waited for a while and at last a very short man appeared. As soon as he saw me, he held out his hand. Not expecting this, I hesitated for a moment. “You can shake hands,” he said. “I don’t have any diseases!” “Mind the steps!” he cried, leading me down some steps. “I don’t say that to all my visitors, you know!” 6. The underlined word “hesitated” probably means ________. A. introduced oneself B. held out one’s hand C. showed uncertainty D. showed dislikes 7. The writer was allowed to have the interview ________. A. because he was not a human being B. because he was a lucky journalist C. but we don’t know the reason D. since the eccentric likes journalists 8. Ezra Pryme is called eccentric for the following reasons EXCEPT ________. A. he never sees any of his children B. he has no time for humans C. he has seldom had visitors D. he decided to see the journalist 9. From the passage we may infer ________. A. Ezra Pryme lives far away from people B. Ezra Pryme keeps himself away from other people C. the writer hesitated because he thought Ezra Pryme had some disease D. the short man really has some illness 10. Which of the following most reflects the character of Ezra Pryme? A. He asked the servant to open the door for the guest. B. The guest waited for a while before he appeared. C. Nobody but he sees his collection. D. He asked the guest to mind the steps. 【答案】6. C 【详解】词义猜测题。原文 “As soon as he saw me, he held out his hand. Not expecting this, I hesitated for a moment.” 意为：他一看到我就伸出手，我没料到这一点，因此“迟疑了一下”。hesitate 表示“因不确定而迟疑”，与 showed uncertainty 同义。A、B 是对方动作，D 程度过重，故选 C。 【答案】7. C 【详解】细节理解题。文中只说 “I say ‘lucky’, because Ezra Pryme doesn’t have much time for humans and he almost has no visitors”，作者自认“幸运”，却始终没有交代普莱姆为什么接受采访，故原因是未知的。A、D 属无中生有，B 是作者的说法而非原因，故选 C。 【答案】8. D 【详解】细节理解题（否定式）。第二、三句 “he doesn’t have much time for humans and he almost has no visitors” 与第五句 “he never sees any of his children or his grandchildren” 分别对应 B、C、A，都是他被称作怪人的表现；D 只是本文采访得以成行的偶然事件，不构成“怪”的理由，故选 D。 【答案】9. B 【详解】推理判断题。全文反复强调普莱姆不见子女、几乎无访客、只有自己能看收藏，说明他主动把自己与人隔开，B 正确。文中只说房子大、有花园，未提远离人群，A 排除；作者迟疑是因为“没料到对方伸手”，C 曲解；D 与 “I don’t have any diseases!” 的自嘲相反，故选 B。 【答案】10. C 【详解】推理判断题。题目问“最能体现其性格”的细节。C 项“只有他自己看得到藏品”直接印证他拒绝与外界分享、极度自我封闭的性格，最具概括力；A、B 只是待客流程，D 反而说明他有体贴的一面，故选 C。 B （2024届广东春季高考模拟卷·阅读理解A篇） We often hear people say, “I have a good memory for things like that.” or “I can remember names.” But do you know memory is the single most important thing and it has played a very important part? For early men, there were dangers all around them — bad weather, wild animals. The keys to keep on living lay in man’s ability to remember these dangers and the ways he had dealt with them in the past. And as man learned how to deal with them, he became civilized. Surprisingly, scientists have not yet found a way to open up the brain and observe its function without destroying it. Perhaps there are two types of memory: long-term and short-term. Short-term refers to those facts that stay with us for a few seconds to a few hours. For example, when you stay at a hotel, you remember the room number and forget it as soon as you leave. Long-term memory, on the other hand, means you remember things for a long period of time. If you spend your honeymoon in a special hotel, it’s likely that you’ll remember your stay quite clearly. Scientists also believe that a short-term memory can become a long-term memory if a lot of chemical and physical changes take place in the part of the brain. Although the human brain weighs three pounds, it contains 30 billion nerve cells (神经细胞) acting like a computer. When those changes strengthen the links in certain nerve cells, a thought becomes a part of the long-term memory. 11. From the first paragraph, we know that someone is good at remembering ________. A. names B. figures C. pictures D. actions 12. To live safely, people in the past should be able to remember ________. A. the learning ability B. the dangers around them C. some wild plants D. their friends’ addresses 13. How many types of memory are mentioned in the passage? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 14. A short-term memory can become a long-term memory when ________. A. certain nerve cells get destroyed in daily life B. the facts stay in the brain for quite a few hours C. people become strong through different exercise D. some nerve cells link strongly by certain changes 15. What’s the best title for this passage? A. Living skills B. Chemical changes C. Memory types D. Physical changes 【答案】11. A 【详解】细节理解题。第一段开头 “We often hear people say, ‘I have a good memory for things like that.’ or ‘I can remember names.’” 直接点出有人擅长记名字，故选 A。 【答案】12. B 【详解】细节理解题。原文 “The keys to keep on living lay in man’s ability to remember these dangers and the ways he had dealt with them in the past.” 说明早期人类生存的关键在于记住周围的危险及应对方法，故选 B。 【答案】13. B 【详解】细节理解题。第二段 “Perhaps there are two types of memory: long-term and short-term.” 明确提到两种记忆类型，后文分别解释，故选 B。 【答案】14. D 【详解】细节理解题。第三段 “When those changes strengthen the links in certain nerve cells, a thought becomes a part of the long-term memory.” 意为某些变化强化了神经细胞之间的连接时，短时记忆转为长时记忆，与 D 项表述一致。A 与 strengthen 相反，故选 D。 【答案】15. C 【详解】主旨大意题。全文围绕记忆的重要性、两种记忆类型（长时与短时）及其转化机制展开，C 项“记忆的类型”最能概括全文。A、B、D 都只是文中的局部信息，故选 C。 C （2024年1月广东合格考·阅读第二节（七选五，5选5）） Plant-based ice creams have become a good summer choice these days. 16 If you doubt it, you may go to a local store and count all the ice creams that do not use cows’ milk. 17 Actually, plant-based ice cream sales have a 300% increase since 2018. 18 One is that people care about their health. Plant-based ice creams contain less fat, so they are healthier. Environmental protection is also a reason. Since these ice creams are made from different kinds of plant milk, less water and energy are required in the production. People used to think that plant-based ice creams tasted less delicious and less creamy. 19 Thanks to recent technological innovations (创新), plant-based ice creams of new flavors are introduced. They taste just like the creamy and smooth ice creams made from cow’s milk. As you can tell, the quality is really there, and people are becoming more and more interested in the new flavors. With the growing popularity, the plant-based ice cream industry is making more money. Years ago, only a few companies produced plant-based ice creams. 20 【选项】 A. But it’s no longer the case. B. The results might surprise you. C. They are more popular now than ever before. D. There are several reasons for the sharp growth. E. Now more ice cream makers have entered the business. 【答案】16. C 【详解】空格位于段首，后文用 “If you doubt it, you may go to a local store and count…” 和 “300% increase” 证明这类冰淇淋确实流行，故空格应总起“它们现在比以往更受欢迎”，选 C。 【答案】17. B 【详解】前句建议“去店里数一数不用牛奶的冰淇淋”，后句 “Actually, … a 300% increase since 2018” 给出统计结果，中间应承上启下说“结果可能会让你吃惊”，选 B。 【答案】18. D 【详解】空格位于段首，后文列举 “One is that people care about their health… Environmental protection is also a reason” 两条原因，故空格应是“这种快速增长有几个原因”，选 D。 【答案】19. A 【详解】前句说“过去人们认为植物基冰淇淋不好吃、不够细腻”，后句说“得益于近年技术创新，新口味被推出，口感和牛奶冰淇淋一样”，语义转折，故填 “But it’s no longer the case.”，选 A。 【答案】20. E 【详解】前句 “Years ago, only a few companies produced plant-based ice creams.” 与后文形成“过去—现在”对比，空格应说“现在更多厂商进入这一行业”，选 E。 二、完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。（2022年1月广东合格考） The king of Kamera in Africa was a proud and cruel man. His men ____21____ him and immediately carried out his orders. But one day when he was saying proudly that all men were his servants, a ____22____ old man called Boukabar criticized (批评) him, saying, “All men are ____23____ of one another.” “So I am your servant, am I?” said the king very ____24____. “Then prove it. Force me to work for you before sunset, and I will ____25____ you a hundred cows. If you ____26____, I will kill you.” “Very well,” said Boukabar. Being a very old man, he had to use a stick for ____27____. Just as he took it up and was about to go out, a beggar came to the door. “Allow me,” said Boukabar, “to give this ____28____ man something to eat.” Taking some food in both hands, Boukabar tottered (蹒跚) past the king. His stick ____29____ from under his arm and got ____30____ on his clothes, and nearly tripped (绊倒) him up. He cried to the king, “Please pick up the stick or I shall fall.” The king picked it up without thinking, and Boukabar then laughed ____31____ and said, “You see all ____32____ men are servants of one another. I am serving the ____33____ and you are serving me. But I do not want the ____34____. Give them to the poor.” The king did so, and took Boukabar as his chief ____35____. 21. A. liked B. feared C. avoided D. doubted 22. A. wise B. common C. strict D. polite 23. A. rulers B. servants C. workers D. students 24. A. happily B. hurriedly C. angrily D. hopefully 25. A. find B. give C. show D. lend 26. A. argue B. finish C. fail D. agree 27. A. walking B. fighting C. talking D. climbing 28. A. funny B. clever C. brave D. poor 29. A. jumped B. rose C. fell D. appeared 30. A. broken B. hurt C. taken D. caught 31. A. merrily B. bitterly C. secretly D. openly 32. A. rich B. foolish C. old D. good 33. A. waiter B. beggar C. king D. soldier 34. A. sticks B. money C. cows D. food 35. A. advisor B. king C. cook D. designer 【答案】21. B 【详解】上文说他骄傲而残酷，下文 “immediately carried out his orders”（立刻执行命令），说明手下对他是“畏惧”。feared 意为“害怕”，符合国王的暴君形象。 【答案】22. A 【详解】这位老人敢于当面批评国王，并用计谋取胜，是“智慧的”。wise 意为“明智的”，与后文他设局让国王替他捡拐杖相呼应。 【答案】23. B 【详解】空格是老人批评的核心观点，且与国王 “all men were his servants” 相对：“所有人互为仆人”。servants 与全文 servant、serving 构成同义复现。 【答案】24. C 【详解】国王听到“我是你的仆人”的质问，又被要求“证明给我看”，情绪是愤怒的，angrily 正确。 【答案】25. B 【详解】“Force me to work for you before sunset, and I will ___ you a hundred cows” 是国王下的赌注：你若能让我为你干活，我就“给”你一百头牛。give 符合语境。 【答案】26. C 【详解】与上一句 “I will give you a hundred cows” 构成条件与反条件：做成了给牛，“失败”就杀头。fail 与 prove it 相对。 【答案】27. A 【详解】老人年迈，用拐杖是为了“走路”。walking 与 take it up（拿起拐杖）逻辑一致。 【答案】28. D 【详解】来的是 a beggar（乞丐），所以是“可怜的人/穷人”。poor 指“贫穷的”，与 beggar 呼应。 【答案】29. C 【详解】他的拐杖从腋下滑“落”，fell from under his arm 是常见搭配。jump、rise 方向相反。 【答案】30. D 【详解】拐杖落下后“挂住/钩住”了衣服，nearly tripped him up。get caught on sth. 意为“被……钩住”，caught 正确。 【答案】31. A 【详解】国王下意识替他捡了拐杖，计谋得逞，老人“开心地”大笑。merrily 与 bitter、secretly 情感相反。 【答案】32. D 【详解】老人总结论点是“所有善良的人互为仆人”，good men 与上一段 all men 呼应，也与他刚帮乞丐的行为一致。 【答案】33. B 【详解】“I am serving the ___ and you are serving me.” 老人刚给乞丐食物，所以是“我在服侍乞丐”。beggar 与上文 a beggar came to the door 复现。 【答案】34. C 【详解】赌注是一百头牛，老人说“我不要那些牛，给穷人吧”。cows 与 a hundred cows 复现。 【答案】35. A 【详解】国王认输并心服，把老人当作首席“顾问”。advisor 符合“以智慧折服国王”的结局。 三、语法填空（共9题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2025年1月广东合格考） Being a journalist is a cool thing, but do you know how to achieve your dream? 36 (become) a journalist, the first step is to receive education. Most journalists have, at least, a bachelor’s degree in English, communication or journalism. Education is 37 necessary stepping stone to learn about journalism and to help you get your first job with a newspaper, magazine, or other forms of media. Also some schools 38 (assist) you when you search for journalism jobs. While you are receiving your education, 39 is a good idea to get as much hands-on experience as you can. This means 40 (work) on your school’s newspaper or radio station and taking at least one internship during your years at school. Internships can be 41 (value) experience and here are some useful suggestions. Leave a good 42 (impress) on others. Learn from experienced colleagues. Communicate 43 (effect) with other people. Write clearly and concisely. Be always prepared for the unexpected news and the ability to find a good story quickly is important 44 well. As you are completing your education and hands-on experience, you should be able to determine e 45 becoming a journalist is the career path you want to take ahead of time. 【答案】36. To become 【详解】考查非谓语动词作目的状语。句首表示“为了成为记者”，用不定式，且句首首字母大写。句意：要成为一名记者，第一步是接受教育。 【答案】37. a 【详解】考查冠词。stepping stone 是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一块（必要的）垫脚石”，用不定冠词 a。 【答案】38. will assist 【详解】考查动词时态。此处谈的是“当你找新闻类工作时，一些学校将会帮助你”，表示将来的动作，用一般将来时 will assist。 【答案】39. it 【详解】考查代词作形式主语。真正的主语是后面的不定式 to get as much hands-on experience as you can，空格处用 it 占位，构成 it is a good idea to do sth. 句型。 【答案】40. working 【详解】考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth. 意为“意味着做某事”，此处指“这意味着要在校报或校广播站工作”，用动名词 working。注意与 mean to do（打算做）区分。 【答案】41. valuable 【详解】考查词性转换。空格作 experience 的定语，需用形容词，value 的形容词形式为 valuable（宝贵的）。 【答案】42. impression 【详解】考查词性转换。leave a good impression on sb. 是固定搭配，意为“给某人留下好印象”，名词形式为 impression。 【答案】43. effectively 【详解】考查词性转换。空格修饰动词 communicate，需用副词，effective 的副词形式为effectively（有效地）。 【答案】44. as 【详解】考查固定搭配。as well 意为“也、还”，位于句末。句意：快速找到好故事的能力也很重要。 【答案】45. .if/whether 【详解】分析句子结构可知，此处考查宾语从句引 导词，空格处引导从句且表示“是否”含义，所以用 if/whether。 四、书面表达（共1题） （2024届广东春季高考模拟卷·书面表达）假定你是李华，你的好朋友 Peter 是初三学生。在最近的一次来信中 Peter 提到因为书写不够美观、整洁，在多次英语考试中他的作文得分都不理想，这是他目前最大的困扰。请你给 Peter 回信并针对他的问题提出建议。 1. 理解和安慰； 2. 你的建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 90 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文如下： Dear Peter, I am really sorry to learn that you have been troubled by your poor handwriting, which causes you not to get good grades in your composition. I truly understand your situation and want to show you my concern. I have some suggestions for you. Firstly, why not improve your handwriting from now on? As a saying goes, it is better late than never. Secondly, it is highly suggested that you should buy a copybook and imitate every word in the book. Finally, turn to your classmates or teachers who are good at handwriting for advice. I do hope my suggestions are of help to you. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【详解】 【结构】采用“三段式”：第一段表示理解与安慰（sorry to learn / truly understand），第二段给出三条建议（Firstly / Secondly / Finally），第三段表达祝愿。层次清晰是书信类书面表达的第一得分点。 【定语从句加分点一】which 引导非限制性定语从句：“…your poor handwriting, which causes you not to get good grades in your composition”，用一个定语从句把“书写差”与“得分低”的因果关系串起来，避免了两句短句的堆砌。这正是本专题在写作中的核心用法。 【定语从句加分点二】who 引导限制性定语从句：“turn to your classmates or teachers who are good at handwriting for advice”，既限定了求助对象，又避免写成 “Your classmates and teachers are good at handwriting. You can ask them.” 这类幼稚句。 【句式多样】why not…?（提建议）、As a saying goes…（引用谚语）、it is highly suggested that…（it 作形式主语 + 虚拟语气）、turn to sb. for advice（固定搭配），四种句式交替，避免通篇 I think / you should。 【易错提醒】① composition 前用 your 而非 the；② suggest 后接 that 从句时用 (should) do；③ 书信结尾 Yours sincerely 首字母大写，Li Hua 另起一行。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $