Unit 5 Power of Ideas Grammar Focus (4a—4c)课件 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

Section A What changes can inventions bring to our lives? Grammar Focus (4a—4c) 01 02 03 能够在观察例句、语篇研读中,识别一般现在时、一般过去时以及情态动词的被动语态结构,理解被动语态侧重描述事物、客观介绍发明与工程成就的表意功能。 区分主动/被动语境,判断动作承受者,梳理被动语态时态变化规律,提升归纳、辨析逻辑能力;通过青藏铁路、发明创造等素材,感受科技成就、大国工程,培养民族自豪感;了解世界重要发明,尊重科技创新。 能识别被动语态动词、根据时间/语境正确变换被动形式,完成填空练习,读懂科技、发明类短句和语篇,完成语法知识的内化运用。 Learning objectives Warming-up Let’s watch a video. The song is sung by me. I sing the song. 主语是动作的发出者 主语是动作的承受者 Active 主动语态 Passive 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式,它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。 1. A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. 2. The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 3. Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. 4. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901. Read the sentences. Circle the verbs in the passive voice. P45 4a 一般过去时的被动语态: was/were+动词的过去分词 含有情态动词的被动语态: can/must/should/ + be +动词的过去分词 被动语态由“be动词+过去分词”构成。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 一般现在时的被动语态: am/is/are+动词的过去分词 、 被动语态the passive voice定义: 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系:主语是谓语动作的承受者。 当我们认为执行动作的人是谁并不重要,反而是“接受动作”的人或物值得被强调时,我们就会用“被动语态”来凸显“被执行动作”的人或物。 一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态,需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时可用介词by引出。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 01 、 强调动作的承受者 This house was built in 1990. 这座房子建于1990年。 (强调的是“房子”被建造) The window was broken last night.昨晚窗户被打碎了。 (强调的是“窗户”被打破) 什么时候要使用被动语态? 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者 My bike was stolen yesterday.我的自行车昨天被偷了。 (不知道是谁偷的) The meeting room is cleaned every morning. 会议室每天早上都会被打扫。 (重点是“会议室被打扫” ,无须指出是谁打扫的) 02 、 动作的发出者是物而不是人 The roof was blown off by the strong wind. 屋顶被强风吹走了。 (the strong wind是动作的发出者,但无主观意愿) The city was destroyed by the earthquake.城市被地震摧毁了。 (the earthquake是动作的发出者,但无主观意愿) 用于客观、正式的文体(如:科技文章、新闻报道、官方文件、说明书等),以显得客观中立 Samples were heated to 100 for one hour. 样本被加热至100摄氏度,持续了一小时。 (标准实验步骤描述,聚焦于样本承受的动作) Several arrests were made following last night’s protests. 在昨晚的抗议活动后,实施了数次逮捕。 (客观报道事件结果,不指明执行者,符合新闻报道的中立原则) 、 被动语态the passive voice的结构 主语+be动词+过去分词+(by执行动作者) (接受动作者) be有各种时态变化,be动词则随主语及时态做变化。 be动词可以是am, is, are,was,were等 被动语态要强调说明动作的发出者就加上by+sb.(被某人) 后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态 规则动词 不规则动词 VS 肯定句变否定句时,be 动词前面加not; 变一般疑问句时,需要把be动词提前; 03 、 现在时的被动语态: 1 2 过去时的被动语态: 将来时的被动语态: 3 The door is locked. 单数be动词现在时 lock的过去分词 My new bike was stolen. 单数be动词过去时 steal的过去分词 The work will be finished soon. be动词将来时 finish的过去分词 常见各时态的被动语态结构: 、 现在进行时的被动语态: 4 现在完成时的被动语态: 5 情态动词的被动语态: 6 The mall is being built next to the gym. be动词现在进行时 build的过去分词 The homework has already been done. be动词完成时 did的过去分词 The desk should be moved to another room. 情态动词+be动词原形 move的过去分词 、 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+ am/is/are +过去分词+其他. Chinese is spoken by many people. 否定句 主语+ am/is/are+ not +过去分词+其他. They aren’t allowed to go into the house. 本单元重点1:一般现在时的被动语态句式结构 一般疑问句及回答 Is/Are+主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ is/ are. 否定回答: No, 主语+ isn’t/ aren’t. — Is the car made by a German? — Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What are the shirts made of? 、 一般过去时被动语态的肯定句结构为: “主语++其他.”。 was /were+及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时被动语态的否定句结构为: “主语++其他.”。 was/were not+及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时被动语态的一般疑问句结构为: “+其他.”。 Was/Were +主语 +及物动词的过去分词 本单元重点2:一般过去时被动语态句式结构 ① Our homework must be finished on time. 我们的作业必须按时完成。 ② It can be used everywhere. 它可以在各处被使用。 ③ The invention should be respected. 这项发明应该被尊重。 Note 本单元重点3:含有情态动词的被动语态句式 基本句型:主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 (+ by sb.) 主动语态变被动语态 主动语态 My mother waters the flowers every morning. 被动语态 第1步:主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语(代词要用主格)。 The flowers are watered 第2步:主动语态的谓语动词变成“be + 动词的过去分词”形式。 by my mother 第3步:主动语态的主语变成“by+动作执行者”放在主谓结构后面 (有时可省略)。 every morning. 第4步:将句子其他成分照抄下来。 主语 宾语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 、 1. 有些短语动词相当于及物动词,变为被动句时介词或副词不能去掉。 e.g.The teacher came up with a new idea. was by the teacher. 介词“off, with”不能去掉。 A new idea come up with e.g. They put off the sports meeting because of the weather. The sports meeting was put off because of the weather by them. 主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题 、 2. 主动句中感官动词see / hear / watch / feel等和使役动词make / let / have等后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时应加上不定式标志to。 e.g. People made the law to protect their rights. The law protect people’s rights. 变为被动 语态时必须 加上“to” was made to e.g. I saw him leave the room. He was seen to leave the room. 、 3. 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时,通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语,指“物”的直接宾语保留不变;如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语,则在间接宾语前加to或for。 “An e-dictionary” 作主语, “me”前保留 “to” e.g. My father gave me an e-dictionary yesterday. I was given an e-dictionary yesterday. An e-dictionary was given to me yesterday. 、 was bought a book was bought for me e.g. He bought me a book. I by him. A book by him. A book 作主语,“me”前 加“for” 、 常见系动词:be, become, seem, appear, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, remain, stay, keep等。 4. 系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词没有被动语态。 e.g. The meeting took place yesterday. He fell asleep during the movie. 常见不及物动词/短语:appear(出现), arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, lie(躺) , occur, rise, sit, sleep, stand, stay, take place, break out, come true, run out, take off等. 、 无被动 语态 His dream came true after many years. The accident happened last weekend. 、 5. sell (销售)、write (书写) 、read (阅读) 、wash (洗) 、cut (切割) 、wear (穿着) 、cook (烹饪)等可作不及物动词,用主动语态,和well、easily等副词连用,含有被动意义。 e.g. This kind of skirt sells well here. The pen writes smoothly. 无被动 语态 、 4b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. The telephone (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876. 2. People all over the world (connect) to each other through the internet. 3. The word “robot” (introduce) for the first time in a play in 1920. was invented are connected was introduced 4. It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button (press) to start the machine. 5. It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel (find) in Eastern Europe. was was found pressed be supposed to do/be sth. 应当做(某事)或是(某物) such a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 如此……的…… • It is said that (据说) It is believed that (人们相信) • It is known that (众所周知) It is reported that (据报道) • It is expected that (预计) 、 What do you know about the railway? 、 What do you know about the railway? 青藏铁路(Qinghai‑Xizang Railway)被誉为“天路”,2006年全线通车。 修建工程面临三大世界级难题:高原frozen ground(冻土)、高寒缺氧、生态环境脆弱。建设团队研发了特殊工程技术,同时修建动物通道与生态桥梁,兼顾工程建设与野生动物保护。 铁路通车之后极大便利了青藏高原对外交通,带动当地旅游与经济发展。项目积累的高原建设经验,也给世界同类地区基建提供了重要借鉴。 、 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. The Qinghai-Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It (connect)Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on,so pipes (use) to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, connects were needed were used 顶层 冰封的 融化 管道 、 it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to (create)instead. In some other places, bridges (build) to keep the railway up above the ground.These bridges are animal-friendly and (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project,the railway has (increase) tourism and economic development in the area.The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help(improve) transport in other similar places in the world. be created were built allow increased (to) improve 隧道 旅游业 经济的 获得 、 Completed year 2006 Route Total length Highest point Connects Xining to Lhasa 1,956 kilometres 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass Building challenges 1. The frozen ground would melt and become soft in summer. 2. It was hard to build tracks across the frozen land. Qinghai–Xizang Railway 4c Make a profile of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. 、 Creative solutions 1. Special pipes were used to keep the ground hard. 2. Tunnels were created for some sections. 3. Animal‑friendly bridges were built above the ground, allowing animals to pass underneath. Influence It has increased tourism and economic development in the area. Value of the project Lessons and experience from its construction can help improve transport in similar places around the world. Lavf57.71.100 Bilibili VXCode Swarm Transcoder v0.2.30(gap_fixed:False) Lavf58.29.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $