Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section A (4a-4c)课件2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

该初中英语课件聚焦一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态，核心知识点包括“be+过去分词”结构、主动被动转换及核心词汇（如be supposed to do）。通过4a句子圈画被动动词（如“is connected”“was sent”）导入，结合物品制作实例讲解结构、句式变化和使用场景，再以4b单句填空、4c青藏铁路语篇填空搭建从感知到运用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合思维品质与文化意识，通过主动被动对比分析、4a-4c分层练习引导归纳语态规律，培养逻辑推理思维。结合青藏铁路案例感知“中国制造”，增强民族自信。采用语境化分层练习（单句改写、语篇运用），总结高频易错点（如be动词不可丢），助力学生提升语法运用与自主学习能力，为教师提供清晰教学路径和多样化资源。

Section A (4a-4c) Unit 5 Power of Ideas 01 Teaching Objectives 语言能力：本节课聚焦一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态的巩固运用，学生能够熟练掌握be+过去分词的核心结构，辨析主动语态与被动语态的用法差异。熟练掌握本课时核心词汇与be supposed to do重点句型，能完成单句改写、语篇填空等练习，可在简单语境中准确运用被动语态描述物品制作、客观现象等内容，提升语法运用与书面表达能力。 思维品质：通过主动语态与被动语态的句式转换练习，培养学生的对比分析与逻辑推理思维。在4a至4c的分层练习中，引导学生归纳被动语态的使用场景和句式规律，学会甄别语态使用误区，逐步形成严谨的语言思维。同时借助句式仿写、语篇运用活动，锻炼学生的归纳总结与灵活迁移的创新思维。 学习能力：引导学生掌握语法专项的高效学习方法，养成自主归纳语法规则、整理错题的学习习惯。通过自主练习、小组互助纠错、课堂展示互评等多样化课堂活动，提升学生自主探究与合作学习的能力。学生能独立完成分层语法练习，主动梳理知识重难点，逐步提升英语语法应用与自主学习的综合能力。 文化意识：结合本单元思想力量、物品制造与创新发展的主题，学生在语法练习的语境中感知中外产品制造、创新思想的差异与融合。了解中国制造的国际影响力，感受创新思维与实干精神的重要价值，增强民族文化自信。同时尊重不同国家的工业文化与创新理念，培养包容多元、崇尚创新的跨文化交际意识。 02 Teaching Points 教学重点：重点掌握一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的基本结构和肯定句、否定句、疑问句的句式用法，熟练完成主动语态与被动语态的基础转换。掌握本课时核心词汇及be supposed to do的固定用法，能结合4a结构选择、4b句型填空、4c语篇运用等课堂练习，在简单语境中规范、准确地运用被动语态完成语言输出，夯实语法基础与语言运用能力。 教学难点：难点在于精准区分主动语态与被动语态的适用语境，规避句式转换中的常见错误，尤其是不规则动词过去分词的正确运用。同时掌握情态动词结合被动语态的拓展结构用法，能在连贯语篇中灵活运用被动语态进行表达，突破机械句式套用的局限，实现语法知识的灵活迁移与综合运用。 03 Section A (4a-4c) A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901. Read the sentences. Circle the verbs in the passive voice. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 一、被动语态基本概念 英语句子有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态：主语是动作的执行者；被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，也就是主语被别人做这个动作。 被动语态的核心结构都是：be + 及物动词的过去分词 (done)，be 动词会随着时态、人称、数发生变化，过去分词永远不变。只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（happen、appear、take place 等）没有被动。 二、一般现在时的被动语态 1. 基本结构：am /is/are + 动词过去分词 主语第一人称单数 (I)：am + done 主语单数、不可数名词、第三人称单数：is + done 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 主语复数、you：are + done 2. 句式变化 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词。 例：Many trees are planted every year. 每年都会种很多树。 否定句：在 be 动词后面直接加 not。 例：The homework is not finished on time. 这份作业没有按时完成。 一般疑问句：把 am /is/are 提到句首。 例：Is this book loved by teenagers? 这本书被青少年喜爱吗？ 3. 使用场景 描述经常性、习惯性的客观事实、真理，不知道或者不需要说出动作是谁做的。 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 例：The moon is seen at night. 夜晚能看见月亮。 强调事物，而不是做动作的人。动作执行者如果要写出来，用by + 动作执行者，常放在句末。 例：This kind of cake is made by my grandma. 这种蛋糕是我奶奶做的。 4. 注意点 by 短语经常可以省略，当我们不关心是谁做动作时，直接不用写。 例：These rules are followed. 这些规定被遵守。（不说被谁遵守） 三、一般过去时的被动语态 1. 基本结构：was /were + 动词过去分词 主语单数、I、第三人称单数：was + done 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 主语复数、you：were + done 2. 句式变化 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词。 例：The bridge was built in 2010. 这座桥是2010年建造的。 否定句：was /were 后面加 not。 例：Those letters were not sent yesterday. 那些信件昨天没有被寄出。 一般疑问句：was /were 提到句首。 例：Were these pictures taken last summer? 这些照片是去年夏天拍的吗？ 3. 使用场景 描述过去某个时间发生的被动动作，句中常出现过去时间标志词：yesterday、 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 last…、in + 过去年份、just now等。侧重过去被做，和现在没有经常性关系。 例：My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 四、两者核心对比 1. be 动词不一样 一般现在时被动用 am/is/are，用于现在、客观常态； 一般过去时被动用 was/were，用于过去发生的事情。 过去分词的形式两种时态完全不变，变化只在 be 动词。 2. 时间标志词区分 一般现在时被动常见标志：every day、often、usually、always（表经常性客观情况） 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时被动常见标志：yesterday、last week、in 2008、just now（过去时间） 例句对比： The windows are cleaned every week.（一般现在被动：每周窗户都被打扫，常态） The windows were cleaned yesterday.（一般过去被动：窗户昨天被打扫了，过去一次性动作） 五、高频易错点 1. 不要丢掉 be 动词！被动语态必须有 be，只写过去分词是错误。 ❌ The letter written. ✅ The letter is written. / The letter was written. 2. 分清主动还是被动。看主语：主语发出动作用主动；主语承受动作用被动。 We clean the room. 我们打扫房间。（主动，we 做 clean） 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 The room is cleaned by us. 房间被我们打扫。（被动，room 接受 clean 这个动作） 3. 感官动词、使役动词主动省略 to，被动要还原 to。 主动：We see him run. 我们看见他跑步。 被动：He is seen to run. 他被看见跑步。（被动 to 不能丢） 4. 不及物动词无被动：happen、take place、appear、break out，永远不能写成 be done。 ❌ The accident was happened. ✅ The accident happened. 事故发生了。 5. by 后面接动作执行者，如果是人，by 不能随便省略；如果不强调是谁做的，可以直接去掉 by 部分。 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. The telephone ____________ (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876. 2. People all over the world ____________ (connect) to each other through the internet. 3. The word “robot” _____________ (introduce) for the first time in a play in 1920. 4. It wasn't supposed to make such a loud noise when the button ____________ (press) to start the machine. 5. It is believed that the world's oldest wheel __________ (find) in Eastern Europe. was invented are connected was introduced was pressed was found Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. The Qinghai-Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It _________ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas ___________ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes __________ (use) to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels connects were needed were used Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. had to _________ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges _________ (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and ______ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway has _________ (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help ____________ (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. be created were built allow increased (to) improve 句子填空 1. If your homework ____________ (complete), I think you can go on to practice playing the piano. 2. All the dialogue in this play __________ (speak) in Nanjing dialect (方言), so it is easy for the locals to understand. 3. Hundreds of factories ________________ (encourage) to move away or close between 2005 and 2015. 4. The story that __________ (tell) by Boya teaches us true friendship. 5. Sticky notes __________ (use) everywhere around the world now. 6. The work which __________ (write) by Chopin moved thousands of people. 7. This book __________ (write) by a writer named Zhu Ziqing. 8. The walls of his room ___________ (paint) light blue last month. 9. All the materials __________ (boil) in hot water before they are beaten up. 10. The papermaking skill __________ (spread) to Europe in the 12th century. is completed is spoken were encouraged is told are used was written was written were painted are boiled was spread 句型转换 1. Whitcomb Judson invented the zipper in 1893.（改为被动语态） The zipper ______ ________ by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. 2. People cover the hill with trees.（同义句转换） The hill ________ ________ ________ trees. 3. My parents never allow me to hang out with my friends late at night.（改为同义句） ________ never ________ to hang out with my friends late at night by my parents. 4. The government took many measures to help people in need.（改为同义句） Many measures ______ _____ by the government to help people in need. 5. People boil all the materials first.（改为一般过去时被动） All the materials ________ ________ first long ago. was invented is covered I'm allowed were taken were boiled with 04 Vocabulary all over the world 全世界，世界各地 例句：People all over the world enjoy this sport. 全世界的人们都喜爱这项运动。 同义短语： around the world 全世界（最常用，可直接互换） across the world 遍及全世界，世界各地 throughout the world 遍及全球（书面语气稍强） 易混辨析：all over the world /in the world /around the world all over the world：强调范围，遍布各个地方，侧重“到处、遍及”。 around the world：和 all over the world 绝大多数情况可以互换。它还可以表示“环游”，搭配 travel，travel around the world 环游世界。 in the world：侧重“在世界上”，多用于范围限定，常和最高级连用。 ⚠️易错提醒： all over the world 前面不加介词 in，不说in all over the world。 be supposed to do/be sth. 应该，应当，被认为，据说 例句：You are supposed to hand in your homework on time. 你应该按时上交作业。 同义短语： should do 应该做（最常用，可互换） ought to do 应该做（语气略正式） be expected to do 理应 / 被期待做某事 易混辨析：be supposed to do /should do /be expected to do be supposed to do：侧重按照规则、习俗、外界要求理应做，暗含“本该做（实际可能没做）”，有被动意味。 should do：侧重说话人的主观建议、个人看法，语气主观。 be expected to do：侧重“被他人期待、被指望做某事”，强调别人的期望。 高频易错点：否定形式：be not supposed to do sth 不应该做某事（禁止做） such a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 如此 / 这么…… 的一个…… 例句：It is such a useful invention. 它是一项如此有用的发明。 同义短语：so + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数，含义完全相同，可以互换。 易混辨析：such 与 so such是形容词，修饰名词，重心落在名词上。 单数可数：such a/an + adj. + n.(单数) ；复数 / 不可数：such + adj. + n.(复数 / 不可数) so是副词，修饰形容词或者副词，重心落在形容词 / 副词上。 单数可数结构：so + adj. + a/an + n.(单数)；so 后面不能直接接形容词 + 复数/不可数名词。 特殊情况：名词前有 many, much, few, little 表示数量多少时，只用 so，不用 such。 高频易错：只有单数可数名词才可以两套句型互换；复数名词、不可数名词只能用 such。 ✅ such valuable information ❌ so valuable information tourism n.旅游业，观光业，旅游，观光 例句：Tourism plays an important part in the local economy. 旅游业在当地经济中起到重要作用。 tourism industry 旅游业 cultural tourism 文化旅游 eco‑tourism 生态旅游 develop tourism 发展旅游业 tourism resources 旅游资源 tour n.&v. 旅行；游览 go on a tour 去旅行 tour around… 环游…… tourist n. 游客，旅游者 tourist attraction 旅游景点 tourist spot 旅游胜地 易混辨析：tour /tourism/tourist tour：名词兼动词，侧重指一次旅行、游览行程。 tourism：不可数名词，侧重旅游这个行业、产业，不指人，也不指单次出行。 tourist：可数名词，指人，游客、旅游者。 易错提醒：tourism 是不可数名词，没有复数 tourisms；要表达许多游客，用 many tourists。 allow v.允许，准许，使有可能，使得以发生 allow sth. 允许某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 allow for 把……考虑在内 allowance n. 津贴；补助；零花钱 make allowance(s) for 体谅；考虑到 allowed adj. 被允许的 be not allowed 不被允许 易混辨析：allow /permit/let allow：普通用词，语气偏弱，侧重 “不阻止、默许”，常用结构allow doing；allow sb. to do；be allowed to do。 permit：正式用语，多用于书面、官方规章制度，语义强于 allow。结构permit doing；permit sb. to do。 let：口语化，语气最弱，后面接不带 to 的动词原形，无被动形式。结构let sb. do sth. lesson n.课，课程，课时，教训，经验 例句：He learned a hard lesson from the mistake. 他从错误中吸取了沉痛的教训。 have/take a lesson 上课 give sb. a lesson 给某人上课；教训某人 learn a lesson 吸取教训 teach sb. a lesson 给某人一个教训 music/art lesson 音乐 / 美术课 lesson plan 教案 易混辨析：lesson /class/course lesson：侧重一节一节课、教学内容；也可指教训。 class：侧重班级；课堂；上课这个活动，强调时间或者在场的学生群体。 course：侧重整套课程（一系列课程构成），时间跨度长。 ⚠️高频易错 1. give sb. a lesson 两层含义：①给某人授课 ②教训某人，要看语境。 2. teach sb. a lesson 只有“教训某人”，没有“上课”的意思。 05 Homework Review the grammar learned in this class. Preview the text for the next class. See you in the next class! $