专题03 阅读填表-【题型易-必考题型】第五单元测试题型特训（南京专用）2026-2027学年译林版英语九年级上册

考前特训 专题03 阅读填表 第五单元测试题型特训（南京专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 “阅读填表”属于任务型阅读：先读一篇短文，再把文中信息填进一张摘要表格，每空一词（个别为短语），共 10 空。它不只是“抄词”——表格用栏目和箭头把文章重新组织了一遍，考生要顺着表格的逻辑回到原文定位，再把原文改写成表格需要的词形。考的是定位、转换、归纳三项能力。 二、命题形式与题量 以“正文＋摘要表格”的形式呈现，表格多为 2–3 栏，左栏是小标题、右栏是概括性内容，单元格内以带编号的空格代替答案；每篇设 10 空，每空填一词；本次特训共 7 篇、70 空，正文词数在 273–458 词之间（最短一篇 273 词，最长一篇 458 词）。 每篇表格的最后一行常设一道**开放性表达**（写一句自己的看法或做法），答案不唯一，评分看要点与语言，本次共 2 篇涉及。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 70 空梳理） 通过逐空梳理本次特训的 70 个空，考点集中在以下六类： （1）名词与名词短语（约 22 空，约占 31%）：如 band / history / health / problem / progress / benefits / development，需要从原文的动词或形容词反推名词形式。 （2）动词的时态、语态与非谓语（约 19 空，约占 27%）：如 appeared / developed / considered / born / applies / causes，重点在一般过去时、过去分词与主谓一致。 （3）形容词与副词（约 13 空，约占 19%）：如 helpful / highly / local / easily / peacefully，常由原文的名词或动词派生而来。 （4）介词与连词（约 8 空，约占 11%）：如 because / so / including / with / before，考查表格前后两栏的因果、包含、伴随关系。 （5）概括归纳（约 6 空，约占 9%）：如 Introduction / Tips / Art，需要用一两个词概括整段或整栏内容，原文没有现成词。 （6）开放性表达（2 空，约占 3%）：根据全文谈看法或做法，答案不唯一，要求句子完整、语法正确。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等偏上，难点不在“读不懂”，而在“**找得到却填不对**”：原文说 the society was developing fast，表格要填 development；原文说 on their own，表格要填 themselves。定位只是第一步，词形转换才是真正的失分点。 从本次选材看，两个趋势明显：一是**文化主题占比高**（中国鼓、中国画与书法、京剧），表格栏目多用「历史悠久 / 用途 / 文化意义」这类概括词；二是**字数跨度大**（273–458 词），最长一篇讲“元认知”，抽象概念多、同义替换密集，对词汇量要求最高，建议放在最后做。 一、四步解题法 **第一步　先看表格，把表格当“文章骨架”。**表格的左栏小标题就是文章的段落顺序，先通读表格，判断这篇材料分几层（如“引言—历史—用途—意义”），再带着这个框架去读原文，定位速度会快很多。 **第二步　按空定位，锁定原文一句。**逐个空找关键词（表格里出现的人名、时间、名词），回到原文找到对应句。注意表格用词常与原文不同（cause → causes、developing → development），要按“意思”找而不是按“词形”找。 **第三步　判断词形，做“一次转换”。**看清空在表格句中充当什么成分：缺主语或宾语填名词，缺谓语填动词（注意时态与单复数），修饰名词填形容词，修饰动词或整句填副词，连接两栏填连词。这一步决定能不能得分。 **第四步　通读表格，复查语法与拼写。**填完后把整张表格连读一遍，重点查：单复数是否与主语一致、时态是否与全篇统一、大小写（栏目首词）是否正确、拼写是否漏字母。表格填空每空一词，多写一个词就是零分。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】具体身份栏用“中心词”——以 Passage 1 题 2 为例：原文首句 “Coldplay, a famous rock band in England” 中，该题位于 Coldplay 介绍栏（而非概括栏，也非表格左栏），问的是 Coldplay 的具体身份。famous 是修饰语，rock 是限定语，真正回答“是什么”的是中心词 band。凡是表格问“身份/类别”，都要提取名词中心词，而不是照抄修饰语。故填 band。 【点拨2】缺谓语先定“时态＋单复数”——以 Passage 2 题 1 为例：原文写 “eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness”，表格把这句话压缩成“某某导致困倦”，空处作谓语。主语是“吃午饭或高温”这一概念（第三人称单数），全文用一般现在时，因此 cause 要加 -s。很多同学填 cause 丢掉 -s，就是漏了主谓一致。故填 causes。 【点拨3】表格用过去时，空也要过去时——以 Passage 3 题 5 为例：该题属于中国书法（Chinese calligraphy）板块，原文 “Chinese characters can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty” 讲汉字/书法起源于商朝，表格改写为“中国书法……于商朝”，动作发生在过去。appear 是规则动词，过去式直接加 -ed。判断时态应依据该书法篇章自身的语境（不能套用京剧板块的 developed 或其他篇章的 was set up）。故填 appeared。 【点拨4】两栏之间先判“逻辑关系”——以 Passage 4 题 2 为例：原文说 “Those students think the schooling has nothing to do with their lives”，表格把它拆成前后两栏：“学生不投入学习”与“他们觉得上学与生活无关”。后者是前者的原因，因此空处填因果连词 because。若两栏是并列，则填 and；是转折，则填 but——填连词前先在草稿上标出箭头方向。故填 because。 【点拨5】形容词位置看“句型”——以 Passage 5 题 7 为例：原文是 “makes us easily understood by others”（副词 easily 修饰 understood），表格改写成 “make it ______ for others to understand us”。这是 make + it + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 的句型，it 是形式宾语，空处必须是形容词，所以 easily 要改成 easy。同一意思在不同句型里词性会变，这是填表题最典型的“陷阱转换”。故填 easy。 【点拨6】动词要“降级”成名词——以 Passage 6 题 8 为例：原文是 “the society was developing fast and drums were widely used”，表格左栏是介词短语 “with the fast ______ of society”，介词 of 前必须是名词，因此把动词 develop 变成名词 development。凡见到 the ______ of、a ______ in 这类结构，空处一律优先考虑名词。故填 development。 【点拨7】固定搭配按“原句还原”——以 Passage 7 题 1 为例：原文写 “The secret isn’t being ‘born smart’”，表格把这句话改写为“元认知不是一种天生（______）的能力”。being born 是 be born（天生）的固定搭配，空处填过去分词 born。这类空靠语感和搭配，改写后仍要能还原成原文的短语，不能只按中文意思硬译成 natural。故填 born。 【点拨8】反身代词找“同义替换”——以 Passage 1 题 5 为例：原文是 “The fans could produce electricity by riding the bikes or dancing on the floors on their own”，表格把 on their own 换成 by ______，两者同义（靠自己）。主语 the fans 是复数，反身代词用 themselves。看到 on one’s own / by oneself / alone 这一组，就要立刻想到反身代词，并核对单复数。故填 themselves。 三、易错提醒 照抄原文词形——原文 developing、表格要 development，词性不转换就是零分。 漏掉主谓一致——Passage 2 题 1 的 cause 必须变 causes，这是本卷最高频的失分点。 时态与全篇不统一——表格同一栏若已用过去时，其余动词也要用过去时（Passage 3 题 5）。 填连词不看箭头方向——Passage 4 题 2 必须先判断两栏是因果还是并列，再决定 because / and。 形容词与副词混用——Passage 5 题 7 在 make it + adj. 句型里必须用 easy，不能用 easily。 一格填两词或拼写漏字母——每空只填一词，且要检查 -s、-ed、-ing 等词尾是否写全。 开放性表达写成单词——最后一行要求写完整句子时，要有主语和谓语，不能只写关键词。 Passage 1 Coldplay, a famous rock band (乐队) in England, cares a lot about the Earth and has done a lot to protect the environment. Take the band’s 2022 world tour as an example. They encouraged their fans to travel to the shows by bus or on foot. At the shows, the band set up special bikes and dance floors. The fans could produce electricity (电能) by riding the bikes or dancing on the floors on their own. This year, Coldplay is continuing to go green. The band released (发行) its tenth album (专辑), Moon Music, on October 4. The records (唱片) are made from plastic waste. Coldplay has worked closely with Ocean Cleanup to make these records. The Dutch (荷兰的) group uses large fences (围栏) and special boats to clean up plastic waste in rivers and oceans. It puts the fences in many different rivers. The fences let the water flow through and stop the rubbish at the same time. Coldplay supports Ocean Cleanup’s work. It often donates money to Ocean Cleanup. What kind of plastic waste makes good records? The group uses PET, a high-quality plastic. The plastic waste has to be very clean. Ocean Cleanup collects plastic waste from the river Rio Las Vacas, because it meets their needs. The plastic waste is separated and mixed. Then, it is tested and used to make the records. These records have good sound quality. Each record is about 140 grams in weight. One record is made from nine old PET plastic bottles. In fact, when a band makes a new record, it usually produces tons of new plastic. With the help of Ocean Cleanup, Coldplay has greatly cut down on this production! Music from plastic waste Coldplay Ocean Cleanup 1 It is a famous 2 that cares a lot about the Earth and has done a lot to protect the environment. It cleans up plastic rubbish in rivers and oceans 3 large fences and special boats. Main body ★During the band’s 2022 world tour, they encouraged their fans to take a bus or 4 to the shows. At the shows,the band set up special bikes and dance floors. The fans could produce electricity by 5 . ★This October, the band released its tenth album, Moon Music. The records are made from plastic waste. ★It puts the fences in many different rivers. The fences let the water flow through while 6 the rubbish. ★The group separates, mixes, 7 the plastic rubbish and uses it to make Coldplay’s records. These records have good sound quality and 8 about 140 grams each. Conclusion There is a close 9 between Coldplay and Ocean Cleanup. Coldplay sends donations to support the work of Ocean Cleanup. With the 10 of Ocean Cleanup, Coldplay has greatly reduced the production of new plastic in their album release. Passage 2 Are you sometimes a little bit tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think heat leads to the sleepiness. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time, about eight hours after you get up, your body temperature drops. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments (实验). The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later. In many parts of the world, people take naps (小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work not easy in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore it can help us stay healthy in general. In countries where naps are traditional, the risk of problems such as heart disease among people is reduced. If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap—even ten minutes of sleep can be of help. Topic: Afternoon sleepiness and naps Details Causes of afternoon sleepiness Many people think eating lunch or heat 1 the sleepiness. In fact, about eight hours after you get up, your body temperature goes 2 , which makes you feel slow and sleepy. Experiments on sleep habits Scientists tested sleep habits. People almost always slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours 3 . Naps around the world In many parts of the world, especially in warmer climates, it’s 4 to work in the early afternoon, people take naps. Researchers say naps are good for everyone in all 5 . Good points of taking naps A daily nap makes our body and mind more rested, so it is good for our 6 in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people 7 less from heart disease. 8 for taking naps The best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. Sleeping too late in the day or sleeping too 9 may make you feel more tired and sleepy. If time is short, even ten minutes of sleep can be 10 . Passage 3 Chinese painting Chinese painting is a main form of Chinese art. It can be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery (新石器时代的陶器) six or seven thousand years ago. Chinese paintings are painted on Xuan paper or silk in ink and colour. The painters usually use brushes to paint in Chinese ink. The classic subjects in Chinese paintings are plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, which are so-called Four Gentlemen in Chinese paintings. Chinese paintings mix poetry and calligraphy with themes that include characters, landscapes, flowers, birds and other animals. Nowadays old Chinese paintings are highly valued and can be sold at a high price. Chinese calligraphy Chinese calligraphy is an important Chinese culture. Chinese characters can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty (1600BC—1046BC). Over thousands of years, the writing of Chinese characters has been developed into a highly regarded art form, which is often called Chinese calligraphy. The ink stick, ink stone, writing brush and paper are the four common things of calligraphy. They are known together as the Four Treasures of the Study. These four “tools” have been used by artists throughout China’s history, from ancient to modern times. Calligraphy carries the emotions, feelings and personality of the calligrapher. Many Chinese people consider Chinese calligraphy as a lifelong hobby. Most children in China take Chinese calligraphy lessons. Beijing opera Beijing opera is a special Chinese opera form dating back to the year 1790, when the famous four Anhui opera troupes first came to Beijing in celebration of the 80th birthday of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. Some local operas, mixed with features in Beijing, after five or six years’ development, became Beijing opera. Today Beijing opera is filled with music, acrobatic dance and special costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folk stories. Title: A 1 forms of China Chinese p 2 It has a long h 3 of six or seven thousand years. People u 4 Chinese ink and colour to draw Chinese paintings on Xuan paper or silk. Plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are four classic subjects in Chinese paintings. Chinese calligraphy It a 5 in the Shang Dynasty. Chinese people think h 6 of this art form—Chinese calligraphy. The Four Treasures of the Study are the ink stick, ink stone, writing brush and paper. A number of Chinese people think that calligraphy can be c 7 as their lifelong hobby. Beijing opera It was d 8 over 200 years ago. It is a mixture of l 9 opera in Anhui Province and some features in Beijing. Today we can l 10 Chinese history and folk stories from it. Passage 4 Not all teenagers do well at school, but why is that? Those students think the schooling has nothing to do with their lives, such as the kind of work they will do in the future. How can teenage students become more engaged (参与) with their studies? Geoff Mulgan, social commentator and TED speaker, believes the solution (解决方法) is to make learning more relevant. He studied the way of people’s learning in schools around the world, from Australia to Paraguay. His research suggested that a new model of schooling was needed——a model that connects what students are learning to their own plans for their future.“What kind of school would have teenagers fighting to get in, not fighting to stay out?” wondered Mulgan. His answer is the one in which students can learn things by doing. Mulgan helped create the Studio School, a system of publicly funded (资助) schools for 14-to-19-year-olds in the U.K. Unlike traditional education, Studio Schools connect knowledge learning with practical training for future jobs. About 80 percent of the courses are done not through sitting in classrooms but through real-life, practical projects which include working at local businesses. Mulgan says that many teenagers “learn best in teams, and they learn best by doing things for real”. This different method is also improved by more personalized (个性化的) instruction and support. Studio Schools are smaller than traditional schools——usually around 300 learners——to make sure that every student feels valued. Each student has a “personal coach” who helps him or her develop a plan to meet their learning goals. By having more clear goals, students become more confident of doing well at school. Reports have shown hopeful results. Many traditional school students who were not getting good grades improved greatly after they moved to a Studio School. Mulgan says Studio Schools are based on a simple idea that turns education on its head. They think teamwork and practical projects are very important while learning. This simple idea is spreading and the number of Studio Schools has been rising sharply. Engaging Learners The 1 Some students don’t do well at school and they aren’t engaged with their studies 2 they think their schooling isn’t connected with their future lives. The solution By researching 3 people around the world learn , Mulgan believes students need a new model of schooling. It should connect learning to their own 4 plans. • Studio Schools, 5 from the traditional ones, make it possible to connect knowledge learning with practical training. · Instead of sitting in classroom, students in Studio Schools finish most courses through practical projects, 6 working at local businesses. · With 300 learners, Studio Schools provide 7 plans for students to meet their learning needs. · Having clearer goals in mind, the confident students make great 8 in their schoolwork. The results · The idea that teamwork and practical projects really matter is spreading. There is a sharp 9 in the number of Studio Schools. Your ideas What do you think of Studio Schools introduced here in the passage? 10 Passage 5 Schools play an important role in our lives, as we spend much of our time there. Why do we go to school? Some believe that we go to gain knowledge, while others think that socializing (社交) is a necessary part of school life. We go to school mainly to get qualification (学历) and learn facts, as the role of school is to develop us into adults and prepare us for working life, so its purpose becomes clear: gaining knowledge. Certificates (证书) of education level are required for further study and jobs. Learning subjects well helps us pass entrance exams, which provides choices for our paths to the future. It is also necessary for us to learn facts and develop an understanding of the world. For example, the knowledge of Physics and Chemistry can explain certain things in daily lives, which can help solve some problems. In Geography and History classes, we can learn about the way our environments are shaped over time. These allow teenagers to connect with the world and understand time and space that are beyond their reach. However, some people believe socializing like working in groups and making friends is more important. They can help improve interpersonal skills and cultural understanding, and are good for our mental health. These are the keys to our growth and prepare us for the future. At school, group work needs us to communicate and socialize with others. In this way, we can increase our ability to express ideas clearly, which makes us easily understood by others. Such skills are of great use in workplaces and cannot be developed from textbooks. It is also important for us to make friends at school. Research has shown that close friendships can help reduce stress, especially during teenage years. Making friends at school does not mean that we can’t learn facts well. Instead, the friendships can encourage us to study, so school should actively support students to develop healthy friendships. I think school is the place where students should gain knowledge and develop socializing skills as well. Topic *Why do we go to school? People don’t have the same view on this topic. Anyway, going to school 1 a lot in everyone’s life. Two 2 views Gaining knowledge *Getting qualification ●Further study and jobs 3 certificates. Learning subjects well helps students 4 entrance exams. ●Students’future paths somewhat depend on entrance exams. Learning facts We can solve daily problems 5 Physics and Chemistry knowledge. ●We can understand 6 the environments are shaped by learning Geography and History. Socializing Working in groups Our ability of expressing clearly increased in groups can make it 7 for others to understand us. 8 communication skills can hardly be developed from textbooks. Making friends Close friendships bring students some 9 , such as reducing stress and encouraging us to study. Healthy friendships are good for our mental health and study. The 10 view Not only gaining knowledge but also developing socializing skills is important to students at school. Passage 6 The drum has existed in Chinese civilization for thousands of years and has a deep spiritual meaning which is more than a kind of musical instrument. Confucius regarded the “Drum Dance” highly. It is also the origin of the Chinese phrase “guwu” which means “embolden” (大胆) in English. The drum was mentioned in Chinese history in the Pottery Age. The Zhou dynasty set up the drum music institution that was responsible (负责的) for the management of officers known as “drum men” and developed a complete drum music system. From then on, drums came to be used in ancient Chinese practices such as sacrifice (祭祀), military (军事), labor (劳动) and other activities. In ancient China, agriculture (农业) was the main form of production and drums were considered indispensable (不可或缺的) for a good harvest. Since the sound of drums echoes that of thunder, it was believed that playing drums could bring rain. So the instrument was used to pray for good weather and to “communicate” with them. Drums also played a part in the war. Because of a strong resonance effect (共振作用), the drum’s sound could go very far while increasing fear in the heart of the enemies. So the drum was used as a military booster for a long time. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the society was developing fast and drums were widely used. The national band, drama, folk art, song and dance, boat racing, lion dance, festival gathering and labor competition were all together with the beats of drums. The sound of drums became synonymous (同义的) with celebrations, filling hearts with joy. Different types of Chinese drums exist today. For example, “Taiping Drum” is used to express hope for peace and prosperity while “Ansai Waist Drum” is meant to show the spirit of the Loess Plateau (黄土高原) and the heroic character of farmers in Northwest China. Kaifeng has “Pan Drum”, and Luochuan of Shaanxi Province is known for its “Bie Drum”. There are also some cheerful and time-honored drum dances such as “Fengyang Flower Drum” in Anhui Province and “Fishing Basket Flower Drum” in Jiangsu Province. In a word, drum culture reflects (反映) the stability (安定) and prosperity (繁荣) of Chinese society. For thousands of years, Chinese people have always been expecting peace and satisfaction. Drum culture in China 1 ·The drum appeared thousands of years ago in China. It goes far beyond a musical instrument and has a deep effect on history and culture. In 2 times ·The 3 of the drum in China can be traced back to the Pottery Age. ·A special drum music institution was set up for 4 officers called “drum men”. Meanwhile, a complete drum music system was developed. ·Later, drums were put into 5 in ancient Chinese practices. ·People played drums for a good harvest in agriculture since people 6 it could bring rain. ·The sound of the drum could travel a long way, 7 it would give enemies a stronger sense of fear in the war. ·With the fast 8 of the society, drums were widely used and the sound of drums filled people’s hearts with joy. Today ·Drums of 9 types are seen across China and they mean a lot to their local culture. Conclusion ·Drum culture reflects the stability and prosperity of Chinese society. ·People hope to live 10 with satisfaction in the society like this. Passage 7 How do your classmates stay calm during exams? Why can they work out group work problems quickly or solve fights with friends? The secret isn’t being “born smart”—they ask themselves simple questions like, “What should I do next?” or “Is there a better way?” This skill is called “metacognition”. If you never use metacognition, you are in danger of wasting a lot of time on small problems. Understanding metacognition Metacognition means “thinking about how you think”. Imagine it as a map for your brain — it helps you see your learning path clearly. Scientist John Flavell said, “It’s like knowing what you know and what you don’t know.” People who use metacognition well break a big task into small ones (plan), find mistakes quickly (check), try new ways if something doesn’t work (repair) and use what worked before in new situations (learn). In this way, people can work out problems faster with less trouble and effort. Real-life examples of metacognition Preparing for exams. Tom breaks his study into two parts—30 minutes for notes and 10 minutes for his problems. Later, he asks, “Can I explain this to my classmates?” If not, he marks difficult parts or watches short videos to help himself learn faster. Working in a group. Lisa divides tasks into “research” and “writing” and then sets weekly Friday meetings. When a member is absent, she calmly gives the tasks to others and uses the group chat to share their work. In this way, the project can be finished on time successfully. Managing moods. When a friend suddenly changes the outing plan, Mike stops for a moment, takes a deep breath and asks himself, “Am I angry because of this?” He then sends WeChat messages to his friend, “Can we meet another day?” This calm way of dealing with his awful feelings is a better choice. He used to be so painful when little things went wrong, but now he stays calm. Practising metacognition When you’re working, ask yourself questions like, “What should I do now?”, “Is this helpful?” or “Is there a better way?” Write down good ideas in a notebook, or try to explain them out. If you can’t explain them clearly, go back and review the parts you don’t understand. When you’re trapped, think: “How will someone else solve this?” Maybe they will research first, break the task into small ones or ask for others’ help. Try to do what they do! Why it matters Metacognition turns “not understanding” into “clear understanding”. In the face of math problems or daily challenges, paying attention to how you think helps you do better. Remember: The best learners don’t just work hard, but also use metacognition to work smarter. About Metacognition ●It works as a mind map to deal with the problems instead of a 1 skill. ●It helps people work faster and more 2 . ●If you never use it, you may 3 wasting a lot of time on small problems. Examples How it works Preparing for exams ●Tom goes over what he learned 4 he explains ideas to others. Working in a group ●Lisa 5 it to the project by working closely with the team. Managing moods ●Mike sends messages calmly to his friend to keep their friendship. ●He used to be in so much 6 when little things went wrong, but now he stays calm. ●When people have trouble solving problems, others’ thoughts or experience should be 7 . Why it matters ●It helps 8 things more clearly. ●When 9 challenges, you should pay attention to how you think, which helps you do better. Your ideas ●According to the passage, what can you do to improve yourself? (No more than 15 words) 10 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题03 阅读填表 第五单元测试题型特训（南京专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 “阅读填表”属于任务型阅读：先读一篇短文，再把文中信息填进一张摘要表格，每空一词（个别为短语），共 10 空。它不只是“抄词”——表格用栏目和箭头把文章重新组织了一遍，考生要顺着表格的逻辑回到原文定位，再把原文改写成表格需要的词形。考的是定位、转换、归纳三项能力。 二、命题形式与题量 以“正文＋摘要表格”的形式呈现，表格多为 2–3 栏，左栏是小标题、右栏是概括性内容，单元格内以带编号的空格代替答案；每篇设 10 空，每空填一词；本次特训共 7 篇、70 空，正文词数在 273–458 词之间（最短一篇 273 词，最长一篇 458 词）。 每篇表格的最后一行常设一道**开放性表达**（写一句自己的看法或做法），答案不唯一，评分看要点与语言，本次共 2 篇涉及。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 70 空梳理） 通过逐空梳理本次特训的 70 个空，考点集中在以下六类： （1）名词与名词短语（约 22 空，约占 31%）：如 band / history / health / problem / progress / benefits / development，需要从原文的动词或形容词反推名词形式。 （2）动词的时态、语态与非谓语（约 19 空，约占 27%）：如 appeared / developed / considered / born / applies / causes，重点在一般过去时、过去分词与主谓一致。 （3）形容词与副词（约 13 空，约占 19%）：如 helpful / highly / local / easily / peacefully，常由原文的名词或动词派生而来。 （4）介词与连词（约 8 空，约占 11%）：如 because / so / including / with / before，考查表格前后两栏的因果、包含、伴随关系。 （5）概括归纳（约 6 空，约占 9%）：如 Introduction / Tips / Art，需要用一两个词概括整段或整栏内容，原文没有现成词。 （6）开放性表达（2 空，约占 3%）：根据全文谈看法或做法，答案不唯一，要求句子完整、语法正确。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等偏上，难点不在“读不懂”，而在“**找得到却填不对**”：原文说 the society was developing fast，表格要填 development；原文说 on their own，表格要填 themselves。定位只是第一步，词形转换才是真正的失分点。 从本次选材看，两个趋势明显：一是**文化主题占比高**（中国鼓、中国画与书法、京剧），表格栏目多用「历史悠久 / 用途 / 文化意义」这类概括词；二是**字数跨度大**（273–458 词），最长一篇讲“元认知”，抽象概念多、同义替换密集，对词汇量要求最高，建议放在最后做。 一、四步解题法 **第一步　先看表格，把表格当“文章骨架”。**表格的左栏小标题就是文章的段落顺序，先通读表格，判断这篇材料分几层（如“引言—历史—用途—意义”），再带着这个框架去读原文，定位速度会快很多。 **第二步　按空定位，锁定原文一句。**逐个空找关键词（表格里出现的人名、时间、名词），回到原文找到对应句。注意表格用词常与原文不同（cause → causes、developing → development），要按“意思”找而不是按“词形”找。 **第三步　判断词形，做“一次转换”。**看清空在表格句中充当什么成分：缺主语或宾语填名词，缺谓语填动词（注意时态与单复数），修饰名词填形容词，修饰动词或整句填副词，连接两栏填连词。这一步决定能不能得分。 **第四步　通读表格，复查语法与拼写。**填完后把整张表格连读一遍，重点查：单复数是否与主语一致、时态是否与全篇统一、大小写（栏目首词）是否正确、拼写是否漏字母。表格填空每空一词，多写一个词就是零分。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】具体身份栏用“中心词”——以 Passage 1 题 2 为例：原文首句 “Coldplay, a famous rock band in England” 中，该题位于 Coldplay 介绍栏（而非概括栏，也非表格左栏），问的是 Coldplay 的具体身份。famous 是修饰语，rock 是限定语，真正回答“是什么”的是中心词 band。凡是表格问“身份/类别”，都要提取名词中心词，而不是照抄修饰语。故填 band。 【点拨2】缺谓语先定“时态＋单复数”——以 Passage 2 题 1 为例：原文写 “eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness”，表格把这句话压缩成“某某导致困倦”，空处作谓语。主语是“吃午饭或高温”这一概念（第三人称单数），全文用一般现在时，因此 cause 要加 -s。很多同学填 cause 丢掉 -s，就是漏了主谓一致。故填 causes。 【点拨3】表格用过去时，空也要过去时——以 Passage 3 题 5 为例：该题属于中国书法（Chinese calligraphy）板块，原文 “Chinese characters can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty” 讲汉字/书法起源于商朝，表格改写为“中国书法……于商朝”，动作发生在过去。appear 是规则动词，过去式直接加 -ed。判断时态应依据该书法篇章自身的语境（不能套用京剧板块的 developed 或其他篇章的 was set up）。故填 appeared。 【点拨4】两栏之间先判“逻辑关系”——以 Passage 4 题 2 为例：原文说 “Those students think the schooling has nothing to do with their lives”，表格把它拆成前后两栏：“学生不投入学习”与“他们觉得上学与生活无关”。后者是前者的原因，因此空处填因果连词 because。若两栏是并列，则填 and；是转折，则填 but——填连词前先在草稿上标出箭头方向。故填 because。 【点拨5】形容词位置看“句型”——以 Passage 5 题 7 为例：原文是 “makes us easily understood by others”（副词 easily 修饰 understood），表格改写成 “make it ______ for others to understand us”。这是 make + it + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 的句型，it 是形式宾语，空处必须是形容词，所以 easily 要改成 easy。同一意思在不同句型里词性会变，这是填表题最典型的“陷阱转换”。故填 easy。 【点拨6】动词要“降级”成名词——以 Passage 6 题 8 为例：原文是 “the society was developing fast and drums were widely used”，表格左栏是介词短语 “with the fast ______ of society”，介词 of 前必须是名词，因此把动词 develop 变成名词 development。凡见到 the ______ of、a ______ in 这类结构，空处一律优先考虑名词。故填 development。 【点拨7】固定搭配按“原句还原”——以 Passage 7 题 1 为例：原文写 “The secret isn’t being ‘born smart’”，表格把这句话改写为“元认知不是一种天生（______）的能力”。being born 是 be born（天生）的固定搭配，空处填过去分词 born。这类空靠语感和搭配，改写后仍要能还原成原文的短语，不能只按中文意思硬译成 natural。故填 born。 【点拨8】反身代词找“同义替换”——以 Passage 1 题 5 为例：原文是 “The fans could produce electricity by riding the bikes or dancing on the floors on their own”，表格把 on their own 换成 by ______，两者同义（靠自己）。主语 the fans 是复数，反身代词用 themselves。看到 on one’s own / by oneself / alone 这一组，就要立刻想到反身代词，并核对单复数。故填 themselves。 三、易错提醒 照抄原文词形——原文 developing、表格要 development，词性不转换就是零分。 漏掉主谓一致——Passage 2 题 1 的 cause 必须变 causes，这是本卷最高频的失分点。 时态与全篇不统一——表格同一栏若已用过去时，其余动词也要用过去时（Passage 3 题 5）。 填连词不看箭头方向——Passage 4 题 2 必须先判断两栏是因果还是并列，再决定 because / and。 形容词与副词混用——Passage 5 题 7 在 make it + adj. 句型里必须用 easy，不能用 easily。 一格填两词或拼写漏字母——每空只填一词，且要检查 -s、-ed、-ing 等词尾是否写全。 开放性表达写成单词——最后一行要求写完整句子时，要有主语和谓语，不能只写关键词。 Passage 1 Coldplay, a famous rock band (乐队) in England, cares a lot about the Earth and has done a lot to protect the environment. Take the band’s 2022 world tour as an example. They encouraged their fans to travel to the shows by bus or on foot. At the shows, the band set up special bikes and dance floors. The fans could produce electricity (电能) by riding the bikes or dancing on the floors on their own. This year, Coldplay is continuing to go green. The band released (发行) its tenth album (专辑), Moon Music, on October 4. The records (唱片) are made from plastic waste. Coldplay has worked closely with Ocean Cleanup to make these records. The Dutch (荷兰的) group uses large fences (围栏) and special boats to clean up plastic waste in rivers and oceans. It puts the fences in many different rivers. The fences let the water flow through and stop the rubbish at the same time. Coldplay supports Ocean Cleanup’s work. It often donates money to Ocean Cleanup. What kind of plastic waste makes good records? The group uses PET, a high-quality plastic. The plastic waste has to be very clean. Ocean Cleanup collects plastic waste from the river Rio Las Vacas, because it meets their needs. The plastic waste is separated and mixed. Then, it is tested and used to make the records. These records have good sound quality. Each record is about 140 grams in weight. One record is made from nine old PET plastic bottles. In fact, when a band makes a new record, it usually produces tons of new plastic. With the help of Ocean Cleanup, Coldplay has greatly cut down on this production! Music from plastic waste Coldplay Ocean Cleanup 1 It is a famous 2 that cares a lot about the Earth and has done a lot to protect the environment. It cleans up plastic rubbish in rivers and oceans 3 large fences and special boats. Main body ★During the band’s 2022 world tour, they encouraged their fans to take a bus or 4 to the shows. At the shows,the band set up special bikes and dance floors. The fans could produce electricity by 5 . ★This October, the band released its tenth album, Moon Music. The records are made from plastic waste. ★It puts the fences in many different rivers. The fences let the water flow through while 6 the rubbish. ★The group separates, mixes, 7 the plastic rubbish and uses it to make Coldplay’s records. These records have good sound quality and 8 about 140 grams each. Conclusion There is a close 9 between Coldplay and Ocean Cleanup. Coldplay sends donations to support the work of Ocean Cleanup. With the 10 of Ocean Cleanup, Coldplay has greatly reduced the production of new plastic in their album release. 【答案】 1．Introduction 2．band 3．using/with 4．walk 5．themselves 6．stopping 7．tests 8．weigh 9．relationship 10．help 【导语】本文为说明文，介绍英国摇滚乐队酷玩乐队践行环保理念：巡演倡导绿色出行、推出由海洋废弃塑料制成的专辑唱片，并介绍合作机构Ocean Cleanup清理河道海洋塑料、加工塑料制作唱片的完整流程。 【详解】1．表格第一栏总起介绍两个主体Coldplay与Ocean Cleanup，对应板块标题为Introduction（介绍）。 2．原文第一句“Coldplay, a famous rock band in England”，说明Coldplay是知名乐队，填band。 3．原文“The Dutch group uses large fences and special boats to clean up plastic waste”，空格后为工具，可用介词with或动名词using。 4．原文“They encouraged their fans to travel to the shows by bus or on foot”，or连接take a bus与walk，表示并列的动词短语，此处填walk。 5．原文“The fans could produce electricity by riding the bikes or dancing on the floors on their own.”，on their own=themselves，填themselves。 6．原文“The fences let the water flow through and stop the rubbish at the same time.”，while后接动名词，stop变为stopping。 7．原文“The plastic waste is separated and mixed. Then, it is tested...”，表格为主动语态并列动词separates, mixes, tests，填tests。 8．原文“Each record is about 140 grams in weight.”，转换动词weigh，主语records为复数，用原形weigh。 9．原文“Coldplay has worked closely with Ocean Cleanup”，二者联系紧密，固定搭配a close relationship，填relationship。 10．原文“With the help of Ocean Cleanup, Coldplay has greatly cut down on this production!”，固定搭配with the help of，填help。 Passage 2 Are you sometimes a little bit tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think heat leads to the sleepiness. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time, about eight hours after you get up, your body temperature drops. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments (实验). The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later. In many parts of the world, people take naps (小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work not easy in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore it can help us stay healthy in general. In countries where naps are traditional, the risk of problems such as heart disease among people is reduced. If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap—even ten minutes of sleep can be of help. Topic: Afternoon sleepiness and naps Details Causes of afternoon sleepiness Many people think eating lunch or heat 1 the sleepiness. In fact, about eight hours after you get up, your body temperature goes 2 , which makes you feel slow and sleepy. Experiments on sleep habits Scientists tested sleep habits. People almost always slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours 3 . Naps around the world In many parts of the world, especially in warmer climates, it’s 4 to work in the early afternoon, people take naps. Researchers say naps are good for everyone in all 5 . Good points of taking naps A daily nap makes our body and mind more rested, so it is good for our 6 in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people 7 less from heart disease. 8 for taking naps The best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. Sleeping too late in the day or sleeping too 9 may make you feel more tired and sleepy. If time is short, even ten minutes of sleep can be 10 . 【答案】 1．causes 2．down 3．later 4．hard/difficult/challenging 5．climates 6．health 7．suffer 8．Tips 9．long 10．helpful 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了午后困倦的真正原因、相关的睡眠习惯实验、世界各地的小睡传统、小睡的好处以及关于小睡的建议。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think heat leads to the sleepiness.（他们可能认为吃午餐是困倦的原因。或者，在夏天，他们可能认为高温导致困倦。）”可推知，许多人认为吃午餐或高温会导致困倦。表格中此处缺谓语动词，且主语为第三人称单数概念，因此填causes。 2．根据文章第1段“At that time, about eight hours after you get up, your body temperature drops.（那时，大约在你起床八小时后，你的体温会下降。）”可推知，体温下降会让你感到反应迟缓和困倦。表格中“goes _______”对应文中的“drops”，“go down”意为下降，因此填down。 3．根据文章第2段“They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.（他们睡一个长周期，然后大约八小时后睡一个短周期。）”可推知，人们在大约八小时后睡一个短周期。表格内容与原文一致，因此填later。 4．根据文章第3段“This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work not easy in the early afternoon.（在气候较温暖的地区尤其如此，那里的高温使得下午早些时候的工作不容易。）”可推知，在下午早些时候工作是不容易的。“not easy”意为困难，对应单词hard/difficult/challenging。 5．根据文章第3段“Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate.（研究人员现在说，小睡对任何气候下的每个人都有好处。）”可推知，小睡对所有气候都有好处。表格中“all”后接复数名词climates。 6．根据文章第3段“A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore it can help us stay healthy in general.（每天小睡能让身心得到更多休息，因此它通常能帮助我们保持健康。）”可推知，小睡对我们的健康有好处。表格中our后接名词，“healthy”的名词形式为health，因此填health。 7．根据文章第3段“In countries where naps are traditional, the risk of problems such as heart disease among people is reduced.（在有午睡传统的国家，人们患心脏病等问题的风险降低了。）”可推知，人们患心脏病的痛苦或几率减少了。表格结构“_______ less from heart disease”常用搭配为suffer from“遭受”，此处表示人们受心脏病困扰更少，因此填suffer。 8．根据文章第3段“here are a few tips about making the most of your nap.（这里有一些关于充分利用午睡的建议。）”可推知，本部分主要讲述午睡的建议。表格此处为标题，首字母需大写，因此填Tips。 9．根据文章第3段“This can also happen if you sleep for too long.（如果你睡得太久，也会发生这种情况。）”可推知，睡得太晚或睡得太久都会让你更累。表格内容与原文一致，因此填long。 10．根据文章第3段“even ten minutes of sleep can be of help.（即使十分钟的睡眠也会有帮助。）”可推知，十分钟的睡眠是有帮助的。表格中be后接形容词，“of help”相当于helpful，因此填helpful。 Passage 3 Chinese painting Chinese painting is a main form of Chinese art. It can be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery (新石器时代的陶器) six or seven thousand years ago. Chinese paintings are painted on Xuan paper or silk in ink and colour. The painters usually use brushes to paint in Chinese ink. The classic subjects in Chinese paintings are plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, which are so-called Four Gentlemen in Chinese paintings. Chinese paintings mix poetry and calligraphy with themes that include characters, landscapes, flowers, birds and other animals. Nowadays old Chinese paintings are highly valued and can be sold at a high price. Chinese calligraphy Chinese calligraphy is an important Chinese culture. Chinese characters can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty (1600BC—1046BC). Over thousands of years, the writing of Chinese characters has been developed into a highly regarded art form, which is often called Chinese calligraphy. The ink stick, ink stone, writing brush and paper are the four common things of calligraphy. They are known together as the Four Treasures of the Study. These four “tools” have been used by artists throughout China’s history, from ancient to modern times. Calligraphy carries the emotions, feelings and personality of the calligrapher. Many Chinese people consider Chinese calligraphy as a lifelong hobby. Most children in China take Chinese calligraphy lessons. Beijing opera Beijing opera is a special Chinese opera form dating back to the year 1790, when the famous four Anhui opera troupes first came to Beijing in celebration of the 80th birthday of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. Some local operas, mixed with features in Beijing, after five or six years’ development, became Beijing opera. Today Beijing opera is filled with music, acrobatic dance and special costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folk stories. Title: A 1 forms of China Chinese p 2 It has a long h 3 of six or seven thousand years. People u 4 Chinese ink and colour to draw Chinese paintings on Xuan paper or silk. Plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are four classic subjects in Chinese paintings. Chinese calligraphy It a 5 in the Shang Dynasty. Chinese people think h 6 of this art form—Chinese calligraphy. The Four Treasures of the Study are the ink stick, ink stone, writing brush and paper. A number of Chinese people think that calligraphy can be c 7 as their lifelong hobby. Beijing opera It was d 8 over 200 years ago. It is a mixture of l 9 opera in Anhui Province and some features in Beijing. Today we can l 10 Chinese history and folk stories from it. 【答案】 1．Art 2．painting 3．history 4．use 5．appeared 6．highly 7．considered 8．developed 9．local 10．learn 【导语】本文主要介绍了三种中国艺术形式：中国画、中国书法以及京剧，分别讲述它们的起源、特点与相关文化信息。 【详解】1．文章分别介绍中国画、书法、京剧，都属于艺术形式，且根据首字母提示可知，Art符合语境，应填Art。 2．表格左侧为分类标题，对应原文小标题Chinese painting，且与首字母p对应，应填painting。 3．第一段“It can be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery six or seven thousand years ago”，说明它拥有六七千年的悠久历史，long history表示“悠久历史”，对应首字母h，应填history。 4．第一段指出“Chinese paintings are painted on Xuan paper or silk in ink and colour”，人们使用墨和色彩在宣纸或丝绸上作画，根据首字母提示可知，此处表示“使用”，use符合语境，应填use。 5．第二段“Chinese characters can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty”，意思是它起源于商朝，根据首字母提示可知，此处表示“起源”，appear符合语境，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，appear的过去式直接加-ed，应填appeared。 6．第二段指出“the writing of Chinese characters has been developed into a highly regarded art form”，highly regarded相当于短语think highly of，意为“高度评价”，根据首字母提示可知，highly符合语境，应填highly。 7．第二段“Many Chinese people consider Chinese calligraphy as a lifelong hobby”，说明许多中国人认为书法可以被视作他们终身的爱好，根据首字母提示可知，此处表示“被看作”，can be后接过去分词，considered符合语境，应填considered。 8．第三段指出“Beijing opera is a special Chinese opera form dating back to the year 1790”，它是200多年前被创作出来的，根据首字母提示可知，此处表示“被创作”，本句为被动语态，developed符合语境，应填developed。 9．第三段指出“Some local operas, mixed with features in Beijing”，来自安徽的地方戏曲，根据首字母提示可知，此处表示“地方的”，local符合语境，应填local。 10．第三段“…to tell stories from Chinese history and folk stories”，说明我们可以从中了解中国历史与民间故事，根据首字母提示可知，此处表示“了解”，固定搭配learn…from“从……了解”，learn符合语境，can后面用动词原形，应填learn。 Passage 4 Not all teenagers do well at school, but why is that? Those students think the schooling has nothing to do with their lives, such as the kind of work they will do in the future. How can teenage students become more engaged (参与) with their studies? Geoff Mulgan, social commentator and TED speaker, believes the solution (解决方法) is to make learning more relevant. He studied the way of people’s learning in schools around the world, from Australia to Paraguay. His research suggested that a new model of schooling was needed——a model that connects what students are learning to their own plans for their future.“What kind of school would have teenagers fighting to get in, not fighting to stay out?” wondered Mulgan. His answer is the one in which students can learn things by doing. Mulgan helped create the Studio School, a system of publicly funded (资助) schools for 14-to-19-year-olds in the U.K. Unlike traditional education, Studio Schools connect knowledge learning with practical training for future jobs. About 80 percent of the courses are done not through sitting in classrooms but through real-life, practical projects which include working at local businesses. Mulgan says that many teenagers “learn best in teams, and they learn best by doing things for real”. This different method is also improved by more personalized (个性化的) instruction and support. Studio Schools are smaller than traditional schools——usually around 300 learners——to make sure that every student feels valued. Each student has a “personal coach” who helps him or her develop a plan to meet their learning goals. By having more clear goals, students become more confident of doing well at school. Reports have shown hopeful results. Many traditional school students who were not getting good grades improved greatly after they moved to a Studio School. Mulgan says Studio Schools are based on a simple idea that turns education on its head. They think teamwork and practical projects are very important while learning. This simple idea is spreading and the number of Studio Schools has been rising sharply. Engaging Learners The 1 Some students don’t do well at school and they aren’t engaged with their studies 2 they think their schooling isn’t connected with their future lives. The solution By researching 3 people around the world learn , Mulgan believes students need a new model of schooling. It should connect learning to their own 4 plans. • Studio Schools, 5 from the traditional ones, make it possible to connect knowledge learning with practical training. · Instead of sitting in classroom, students in Studio Schools finish most courses through practical projects, 6 working at local businesses. · With 300 learners, Studio Schools provide 7 plans for students to meet their learning needs. · Having clearer goals in mind, the confident students make great 8 in their schoolwork. The results · The idea that teamwork and practical projects really matter is spreading. There is a sharp 9 in the number of Studio Schools. Your ideas What do you think of Studio Schools introduced here in the passage? 10 【答案】 1．problem 2．because 3．how 4．future 5．different 6．including 7．personal 8．progress 9．rise 10．Studio Schools are beneficial because they can increase students’ interest in learning and thus improve academic efficiency; however, they require a higher teacher-student ratio, which may pose a significant challenge for some schools.(言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Geoff Mulgan提出的“工作室学校”（Studio Schools）模式，旨在通过将学习与未来职业规划及实践项目相结合，解决青少年在学校表现不佳的问题，并介绍了该模式的特点及成效。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“Not all teenagers do well at school, but why is that?”及表格结构“The solution”可知，此处对应的是所面临的问题，故填“problem”。 2．根据文章第一段“Those students think the schooling has nothing to do with their lives”可推知，这是学生不参与学习的原因，表格中前后句为因果关系，故填“because”。 3．根据文章第二段“He studied the way of people’s learning in schools around the world”可推知，“the way”意为“方式”，此处转换为引导宾语从句的连接副词“how”。 4．根据文章第二段“connects what students are learning to their own plans for their future”可推知，学习应与未来的计划相连，故填“future”。 5．根据文章第三段“Unlike traditional education”可推知，“Unlike”意为“不同于”，表格中搭配为“different from”，故填“different”。 6．根据文章第三段“practical projects which include working at local businesses”可推知，此处用“include”的现在分词形式作伴随状语或定语，故填“including”。 7．根据文章第四段“Each student has a'personal coach'who helps him or her develop a plan”可推知，学校提供的是个性化的或个人计划。故填“personal”。 8．根据文章第四段“Many traditional school students…improved greatly”可推知，“improved greatly”转换为名词短语“make great progress”，故填“progress”。 9．根据文章第五段“the number of Studio Schools has been rising sharply”可推知，“rising sharply”转换为名词短语“a sharp rise”，故填“rise”。 10．本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据文章内容，这种学校模式注重实践和个性化，对学生有益。 Passage 5 Schools play an important role in our lives, as we spend much of our time there. Why do we go to school? Some believe that we go to gain knowledge, while others think that socializing (社交) is a necessary part of school life. We go to school mainly to get qualification (学历) and learn facts, as the role of school is to develop us into adults and prepare us for working life, so its purpose becomes clear: gaining knowledge. Certificates (证书) of education level are required for further study and jobs. Learning subjects well helps us pass entrance exams, which provides choices for our paths to the future. It is also necessary for us to learn facts and develop an understanding of the world. For example, the knowledge of Physics and Chemistry can explain certain things in daily lives, which can help solve some problems. In Geography and History classes, we can learn about the way our environments are shaped over time. These allow teenagers to connect with the world and understand time and space that are beyond their reach. However, some people believe socializing like working in groups and making friends is more important. They can help improve interpersonal skills and cultural understanding, and are good for our mental health. These are the keys to our growth and prepare us for the future. At school, group work needs us to communicate and socialize with others. In this way, we can increase our ability to express ideas clearly, which makes us easily understood by others. Such skills are of great use in workplaces and cannot be developed from textbooks. It is also important for us to make friends at school. Research has shown that close friendships can help reduce stress, especially during teenage years. Making friends at school does not mean that we can’t learn facts well. Instead, the friendships can encourage us to study, so school should actively support students to develop healthy friendships. I think school is the place where students should gain knowledge and develop socializing skills as well. Topic *Why do we go to school? People don’t have the same view on this topic. Anyway, going to school 1 a lot in everyone’s life. Two 2 views Gaining knowledge *Getting qualification ●Further study and jobs 3 certificates. Learning subjects well helps students 4 entrance exams. ●Students’future paths somewhat depend on entrance exams. Learning facts We can solve daily problems 5 Physics and Chemistry knowledge. ●We can understand 6 the environments are shaped by learning Geography and History. Socializing Working in groups Our ability of expressing clearly increased in groups can make it 7 for others to understand us. 8 communication skills can hardly be developed from textbooks. Making friends Close friendships bring students some 9 , such as reducing stress and encouraging us to study. Healthy friendships are good for our mental health and study. The 10 view Not only gaining knowledge but also developing socializing skills is important to students at school. 【答案】 1．matters/means 2．different/main 3．need/require 4．pass 5．with/using/through 6．how 7．easy 8．Such/Useful/Helpful 9．benefits/advantages 10．writer’s/author’s 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人们上学的目的，对比了获取知识与社交技能两种观点，并最终提出了作者的看法，即两者都很重要。 【详解】1．根据文章第 1 段“Schools play an important role in our lives”可推知，上学在每个人的生活中都很“重要/有意义”，matter/mean a lot为固定搭配，表示“很重要/意义重大”，此处用三单形式。 2．根据文章第 1 段“Some believe that we go to gain knowledge, while others think that socializing is a necessary part of school life”及下文分别阐述两种观点可知，此处指两种“不同的”或“主要的”观点， different/main符合。 3．根据文章第 2 段“Certificates of education level are required for further study and jobs”可知，深造和工作“需要”证书，原文为被动语态，表格中为主语主动语态，故填need/require。 4．根据文章第 2 段“Learning subjects well helps us pass entrance exams”可推知，学好科目帮助学生“通过”考试，故填pass。 5．根据文章第 2 段“the knowledge of Physics and Chemistry can explain certain things in daily lives, which can help solve some problems”可推知，我们可以“用/通过”物理和化学知识解决日常问题，故填with/using/through。 6．根据文章第 2 段“learn about the way our environments are shaped over time”可推知，此处表示理解环境是“如何”形成的，the way对应how。 7．根据文章第 4 段“makes us easily understood by others”可推知，此处表示团队合作让我们更容易被他人理解，表格中“make it ... for others to understand us”结构中需用形容词，easy表示“容易的”。 8．根据文章第 4 段“Such skills are of great use in workplaces”可推知，此处指“这样的”或“有用的”沟通技能，首字母需大写。故填Such/Useful/Helpful。 9．根据文章第 4 段“close friendships can help reduce stress... encourage us to study”可推知，友谊给学生带来了一些“好处/益处”。故填benefits/advantages。 10．根据文章第 5 段“I think school is the place where students should gain knowledge and develop socializing skills as well”可推知，此处是“作者的”观点。故填writer’s/author’s。 Passage 6 The drum has existed in Chinese civilization for thousands of years and has a deep spiritual meaning which is more than a kind of musical instrument. Confucius regarded the “Drum Dance” highly. It is also the origin of the Chinese phrase “guwu” which means “embolden” (大胆) in English. The drum was mentioned in Chinese history in the Pottery Age. The Zhou dynasty set up the drum music institution that was responsible (负责的) for the management of officers known as “drum men” and developed a complete drum music system. From then on, drums came to be used in ancient Chinese practices such as sacrifice (祭祀), military (军事), labor (劳动) and other activities. In ancient China, agriculture (农业) was the main form of production and drums were considered indispensable (不可或缺的) for a good harvest. Since the sound of drums echoes that of thunder, it was believed that playing drums could bring rain. So the instrument was used to pray for good weather and to “communicate” with them. Drums also played a part in the war. Because of a strong resonance effect (共振作用), the drum’s sound could go very far while increasing fear in the heart of the enemies. So the drum was used as a military booster for a long time. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the society was developing fast and drums were widely used. The national band, drama, folk art, song and dance, boat racing, lion dance, festival gathering and labor competition were all together with the beats of drums. The sound of drums became synonymous (同义的) with celebrations, filling hearts with joy. Different types of Chinese drums exist today. For example, “Taiping Drum” is used to express hope for peace and prosperity while “Ansai Waist Drum” is meant to show the spirit of the Loess Plateau (黄土高原) and the heroic character of farmers in Northwest China. Kaifeng has “Pan Drum”, and Luochuan of Shaanxi Province is known for its “Bie Drum”. There are also some cheerful and time-honored drum dances such as “Fengyang Flower Drum” in Anhui Province and “Fishing Basket Flower Drum” in Jiangsu Province. In a word, drum culture reflects (反映) the stability (安定) and prosperity (繁荣) of Chinese society. For thousands of years, Chinese people have always been expecting peace and satisfaction. Drum culture in China 1 ·The drum appeared thousands of years ago in China. It goes far beyond a musical instrument and has a deep effect on history and culture. In 2 times ·The 3 of the drum in China can be traced back to the Pottery Age. ·A special drum music institution was set up for 4 officers called “drum men”. Meanwhile, a complete drum music system was developed. ·Later, drums were put into 5 in ancient Chinese practices. ·People played drums for a good harvest in agriculture since people 6 it could bring rain. ·The sound of the drum could travel a long way, 7 it would give enemies a stronger sense of fear in the war. ·With the fast 8 of the society, drums were widely used and the sound of drums filled people’s hearts with joy. Today ·Drums of 9 types are seen across China and they mean a lot to their local culture. Conclusion ·Drum culture reflects the stability and prosperity of Chinese society. ·People hope to live 10 with satisfaction in the society like this. 【答案】 1．Introduction 2．ancient/old 3．history 4．managing 5．use 6．believed/thought/considered 7．so 8．development 9．different 10．peacefully 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国鼓文化的历史发展及其深远的文化意义。 【详解】1．根据表格结构，该空与In ancient times、Today、Conclusion并列，且右侧内容是对鼓的总体介绍。根据文章第1段“The drum has existed in Chinese civilization for thousands of years and has a deep spiritual meaning which is more than a kind of musical instrument.”可推知此处为文章的引言部分。故填Introduction。 2．根据“Today”及右侧内容提到的“Pottery Age”以及文章第3段“In ancient China, agriculture was the main form of production...”可知，此处讲的是古代鼓的发展，修饰“times”应填形容词，所以ancient/old“古老的”符合。 3．根据文章第2段“The drum was mentioned in Chinese history in the Pottery Age.”可推知鼓在中国的历史可以追溯到陶器时代。故填history。 4．根据文章第2段“The Zhou dynasty set up the drum music institution that was responsible for the management of officers known as ‘drum men’...”可推知设立专门的鼓乐机构是为了管理官员，介词for后接动名词形式。故填managing。 5．根据文章第2段“From then on, drums came to be used in ancient Chinese practices...”可推知鼓被投入使用，put into use意为“投入使用”。故填use。 6．根据文章第3段“Since the sound of drums echoes that of thunder, it was believed that playing drums could bring rain.”可推知，因为鼓声与雷声相呼应，所以人们相信打鼓可以吸引雨水，believe“相信”/think“认为”/consider“认为”均符合；时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填believed/thought/considered。 7．根据文章第4段“Because of a strong resonance effect, the drum’s sound could go very far while increasing fear in the heart of the enemies. So the drum was used as a military booster for a long time.”可推知鼓声能传很远，因此会给敌人带来更强的恐惧感，前后为因果关系。故填so。 8．根据文章第5段“In the Tang and Song dynasties, the society was developing fast and drums were widely used.”可推知随着社会的快速发展，鼓被广泛使用，空处需填名词形式。故填development。 9．根据文章第6段“Different types of Chinese drums exist today.”可推知今天在中国各地可以看到不同类型的鼓。故填different。 10．根据文章第7段“For thousands of years, Chinese people have always been expecting peace and satisfaction.”可推知人们希望在这样的社会中和平、满足地生活，修饰动词live需用副词。故填peacefully。 Passage 7 How do your classmates stay calm during exams? Why can they work out group work problems quickly or solve fights with friends? The secret isn’t being “born smart”—they ask themselves simple questions like, “What should I do next?” or “Is there a better way?” This skill is called “metacognition”. If you never use metacognition, you are in danger of wasting a lot of time on small problems. Understanding metacognition Metacognition means “thinking about how you think”. Imagine it as a map for your brain — it helps you see your learning path clearly. Scientist John Flavell said, “It’s like knowing what you know and what you don’t know.” People who use metacognition well break a big task into small ones (plan), find mistakes quickly (check), try new ways if something doesn’t work (repair) and use what worked before in new situations (learn). In this way, people can work out problems faster with less trouble and effort. Real-life examples of metacognition Preparing for exams. Tom breaks his study into two parts—30 minutes for notes and 10 minutes for his problems. Later, he asks, “Can I explain this to my classmates?” If not, he marks difficult parts or watches short videos to help himself learn faster. Working in a group. Lisa divides tasks into “research” and “writing” and then sets weekly Friday meetings. When a member is absent, she calmly gives the tasks to others and uses the group chat to share their work. In this way, the project can be finished on time successfully. Managing moods. When a friend suddenly changes the outing plan, Mike stops for a moment, takes a deep breath and asks himself, “Am I angry because of this?” He then sends WeChat messages to his friend, “Can we meet another day?” This calm way of dealing with his awful feelings is a better choice. He used to be so painful when little things went wrong, but now he stays calm. Practising metacognition When you’re working, ask yourself questions like, “What should I do now?”, “Is this helpful?” or “Is there a better way?” Write down good ideas in a notebook, or try to explain them out. If you can’t explain them clearly, go back and review the parts you don’t understand. When you’re trapped, think: “How will someone else solve this?” Maybe they will research first, break the task into small ones or ask for others’ help. Try to do what they do! Why it matters Metacognition turns “not understanding” into “clear understanding”. In the face of math problems or daily challenges, paying attention to how you think helps you do better. Remember: The best learners don’t just work hard, but also use metacognition to work smarter. About Metacognition ●It works as a mind map to deal with the problems instead of a 1 skill. ●It helps people work faster and more 2 . ●If you never use it, you may 3 wasting a lot of time on small problems. Examples How it works Preparing for exams ●Tom goes over what he learned 4 he explains ideas to others. Working in a group ●Lisa 5 it to the project by working closely with the team. Managing moods ●Mike sends messages calmly to his friend to keep their friendship. ●He used to be in so much 6 when little things went wrong, but now he stays calm. ●When people have trouble solving problems, others’ thoughts or experience should be 7 . Why it matters ●It helps 8 things more clearly. ●When 9 challenges, you should pay attention to how you think, which helps you do better. Your ideas ●According to the passage, what can you do to improve yourself? (No more than 15 words) 10 【答案】 1．born 2．easily 3．risk 4．before 5．applies 6．pain 7．considered 8．understand 9．facing 10．I will use metacognition to plan and check my study. (答案不唯一) 【导语】本文介绍了“元认知”的含义、作用、现实生活中的应用实例及实践意义。 【详解】1．第一段指出：“The secret isn’t being ‘born smart’...”，说明元认知并非一种“天生”的技能，故填born。 2．第二段指出：“...work out problems faster with less trouble and effort.”，说明元认知能让人更快、更轻松地解决问题，故填easily。 3．第一段指出：“If you never use metacognition, you are in danger of wasting a lot of time on small problems.”，be in danger of与risk doing对应，故填risk。 4．第三段指出：“Tom breaks his study into two parts — 30 minutes for notes and 10 minutes for his problems. Later, he asks, ‘Can I explain this to my classmates?’ If not, he marks difficult parts...”，说明Tom先复习所学内容，再向他人解释，故填before。 5．第四段指出：“In this way, the project can be finished on time successfully.”，说明Lisa把元认知运用到项目中，与团队紧密合作，apply...to...表示“把……应用于……”，主语Lisa为第三人称单数，故填applies。 6．第五段指出：“He used to be so painful when little things went wrong...”，in so much pain与“so painful”对应，故填pain。 7．第六段指出：“...ask for others’ help. Try to do what they do!”，说明他人的想法或经验应被考虑、借鉴，“should be”后接过去分词构成被动语态，故填considered。 8．第七段指出：“Metacognition turns ‘not understanding’ into ‘clear understanding’.”，说明它帮助人们更清楚地理解事物，“helps”后接动词原形，故填understand。 9．第七段指出：“In the face of math problems or daily challenges...”，“in the face of”与when facing对应，故填facing。 10．“Practising metacognition”部分指出：“ask yourself questions... Write down good ideas in a notebook, or try to explain them out.”，结合制定计划并检查学习的方法，可概括为：I will use metacognition to plan and check my study. (答案不唯一，不超过15词) 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $