内容正文:
Unit 2 We’re Family! 知识清单
人教版 七年级上册
家庭成员与家谱 · 四个元音 · 名词所有格 · 三单与 Do / Does · 全家福阅读 · 家庭写作
一、单元导览
第一单元认识的是“新朋友”,这一单元把镜头转回家:饭桌上的一家人、相册里的一张全家福、爷爷奶奶口中的“你小时候”。本单元题目 We’re Family! 是“我们是一家人”,两个大问题是 What does family mean to you?(家庭对你意味着什么?)和 What is fun about your family?(你的家庭有什么好玩的地方?)。
要谈家人,先得叫得准:father / mother / uncle / aunt / cousin 各指谁。再要学会两件“说不清就出错”的事:东西是谁的,用 名词所有格 说清楚;家人的日常爱好,用 实义动词的一般现在时 说清楚——主语是 he 还是 they,动词长什么样完全不同。
本单元要解决两大问题:
一、What does family mean to you?(家庭对你意味着什么?)—— Section A
① 家庭成员都有哪些称呼?cousin 为什么不分堂表?
② 四个元音 /ɜː/ /ə/ /ʌ/ /ɑː/ 怎样读准?词尾 -s 什么时候读 /s/、/z/、/ɪz/?
③ 东西是谁的?“凯特的猫”“祖父母的帽子”怎样说才不错?
④ 家人的日常爱好怎样说?he plays 与 they play 差在哪里?
二、What is fun about your family?(你的家庭有什么好玩的地方?)—— Section B
⑤ Lily 的全家福里都有谁?她怎样按“左、右、中间”介绍?
⑥ 怎样画一张 family tree,再写一篇介绍自己家的短文?
二、家庭成员与家谱(Section A 1a)
1. 一张家谱认全称谓
英语的亲属称谓比汉语“粗”,但正因为粗,反而好记:cousin 一个词包下所有的堂兄弟姐妹和表兄弟姐妹,不分堂表、不分男女;uncle / aunt 也不分父系母系,叔叔、舅舅、姑父、姨父都叫 uncle。先看这张三代家谱,把每一格对上一个词:
图 1 三代家谱:从 grandparents 到 cousin
2. 直系亲属
直系指的是“生我的人”和“我生的人”这一条线,称谓最常用,也最容易拼错:
单词
音标
中文
要记住的地方
father
/ˈfɑːðə(r)/
父亲;爸爸
口语说 dad
mother
/ˈmʌðə(r)/
母亲;妈妈
口语说 mum
parent
/ˈpeərənt/
父亲或母亲
通常用复数 parents 指“父母”
grandfather
/ˈɡrænfɑːðə(r)/
祖父;外祖父
口语说 grandpa
grandmother
/ˈɡrænmʌðə(r)/
祖母;外祖母
口语说 grandma
grandparent
/ˈɡrænpeərənt/
祖父(母)
常用复数 grandparents
son
/sʌn/
儿子
读音同 sun
daughter
/ˈdɔːtə(r)/
女儿
gh 不发音
3. 旁系亲属与其他
单词
音标
中文
要记住的地方
brother
/ˈbrʌðə(r)/
兄;弟
不分哥哥弟弟
sister
/ˈsɪstə(r)/
姐;妹
不分姐姐妹妹
cousin
/ˈkʌzn/
堂(表)兄弟姐妹
不分堂表、不分男女
uncle
/ˈʌŋkl/
叔父;舅父;姑父
不分父系母系
aunt
/ɑːnt/
姑母;姨母;婶母
不分父系母系
grandchild
/ˈɡræntʃaɪld/
孙辈
复数是 grandchildren
husband
/ˈhʌzbənd/
丈夫
妻子是 wife
member
/ˈmembə(r)/
成员;会员
a family member 家庭成员
两个不规则复数要单独记:grandchild → grandchildren、child → children;而 photo 的复数直接加 s,是 photos,不是 photoes。
4. family 一词两用
family 既能指“家庭”这个整体,也能指“家人”这些人,谓语动词跟着变:
用法
意思
谓语
例句
指整体
家庭(一个单位)
单数 is
My family is big.
指成员
家人(好几个人)
复数 are
My family are all kind.
判断方法很简单:后面说的是“一个家”还是“一群人”。说房子大、家庭和睦,当作整体用 is;说爸妈爷爷奶奶各自怎么样,当作成员用 are。
三、两段听力对话(Section A 1b / 1c)
1. 对话一:公园里遇到同学(Yaming 与 Emma)
1b 的第一段对话发生在公园。Yaming 带着全家散步,正好碰上同班同学 Emma,于是把家人一一介绍给她:
Yaming: Morning, Emma.
Emma: Oh, hi, Yaming! Glad to see you here in the park!
Yaming: Me too. Emma, these are my parents. Dad and Mum, this is my classmate, Emma.
Mr & Mrs Wang: Nice to meet you, Emma.
Emma: Nice to meet you too, Mr and Mrs Wang.
Yaming: And this is my sister, Yaqi.
Emma: Hi, Yaqi!
Yaqi: Hi, Emma!
这段对话只用两个句型就介绍完了三个人:介绍一个人 用 This is ...,介绍两个人以上 用 These are ...。注意 these are my parents 里 parents 是复数,答语里的称呼也要跟着变成 Mr and Mrs Wang(王先生和王太太)。
2. 对话二:一张全家福(Teng Fei 与 Peter)
第二段对话里,Teng Fei 看到 Peter 手里的全家福,一边问一边认人。这段对话把“问是谁”的两种问法都用上了:
Teng Fei: Is this your family photo, Peter?
Peter: Yes, it is.
Teng Fei: Are these your parents?
Peter: Yes, they are.
Teng Fei: Who’s he?
Peter: He’s my father’s brother, my uncle. And this is my aunt.
Teng Fei: Who’s she?
Peter: She’s my sister, Helen.
Teng Fei: Is this your brother?
Peter: No, it’s my cousin, David. This is my brother, Jim.
Teng Fei: Who are they?
Peter: They’re my grandparents. They’re my father’s parents.
Teng Fei: What a happy family!
三个细节值得反复听:① 问一个人 用 Who’s ...?,答语用 He’s / She’s ...问两个以上 用 Who are they?,答语用 They’re ...。② 回答 Is this ...? 时用 it 指代,不说 this;回答 Are these ...? 时用 they。③ What a happy family! 是感叹句,意思是“多么幸福的一家啊”,不是问句。
3. 听后梳理
这类“认人”的听力题,听的时候只要抓住三样信息,就不会乱:
要抓的信息
对话里的依据
容易听错的地方
谁在介绍谁
Yaming 介绍的是父母和妹妹 Yaqi
Emma 是 classmate,不是 sister
人物关系
Peter 介绍的是 uncle、aunt、sister Helen、cousin David、brother Jim、grandparents
David 是 cousin,不是 brother
单数还是复数
parents、grandparents 都是复数,答语用 they
把 they’re 听成 it’s
判断对错时还有一个小技巧:Peter 的 grandparents 是他爸爸的父母(They’re my father’s parents.),而不是妈妈的父母——英语里 grandparents 不区分爷爷奶奶和外公外婆,只有靠上下文才说得清。
四、语音:四个元音(Section A Pronunciation)
上一单元练的是前元音,这一单元集中练四个中后部元音:/ɜː/ /ə/ /ʌ/ /ɑː/。它们的共同点是舌头不往前顶,区别在舌位高低、开口大小和长短:
图 2 四个元音 /ɜː/ /ə/ /ʌ/ /ɑː/ 及例词
音标
长短
常见字母(组合)
例词
/ɜː/
长音
er, ir, ur, or(在 w 后)
her, girl, turn, work
/ə/
短音
非重读音节里的 a, e, o, u
sister, summer, doctor
/ʌ/
短音
u, o
duck, hut, much, love
/ɑː/
长音
ar, a
dark, march, heart, class
两组长短对比要成对练,读错了词义就变:
对比
单词对比
区别
/ɜː/ 与 /ə/
her — sister, turn — summer
重读时读长音 /ɜː/,非重读时弱化成 /ə/
/ʌ/ 与 /ɑː/
duck — dark, much — march
前者短促,后者拉长、口张到最大
1. 词尾 -s 与所有格 -’s 怎样读
名词复数的 -s、动词三单的 -s、所有格的 -’s,读音都跟着前面的音走,只有三种情况:
前面是什么音
读音
例词
清辅音:p, t, k, f 等
/s/
likes, lets, walks, gets, Kate’s, Mike’s
浊辅音或元音:b, d, g, l, m, n, r, v, 元音
/z/
loves, reads, plays, finds, Ella’s, Fred’s
s, z, sh, ch, x, ge 结尾
/ɪz/
watches, closes, Alice’s
记忆办法:摸摸喉咙,声带不振动就读 /s/,振动就读 /z/;碰到 s、sh、ch 这类“嘶嘶”的音,中间必须垫一个 /ɪ/,否则两个音会粘在一起听不清。
2. 单词重音
双音节和多音节词里,总有一个音节读得响亮,叫重读音节。本单元两组词的重音位置正好相反:
类型
重音位置
例词
多数双音节词
第一个音节
funny, mother, uncle, cousin, grandpa
少数双音节词
第二个音节
begin, about, report, because, idea
带 a-、be-、re- 等前缀的词,重音常落在后面:aˈbout、beˈcause、reˈport。而 ˈfunny、ˈmother 这类词重音在前,读的时候前面的音要沉下去、拉长一点。
五、名词所有格:东西是谁的(Grammar Focus 3b)
表示“某人的东西”,英语在名词后面加 撇号加 s。看着简单,实际有四种情况,课本 3b 的五道题正好把它们考全了:
图 3 名词所有格的四种情况
情况
构成
例子
为什么
单数名词
+ ’s
Kate’s cat
一个凯特,加 ’s
以 -s 结尾的复数
+ ’
my grandparents’ caps
已经有 s,不再重复加
两人共有
只在最后一个加 ’s
Peter and Emma’s classroom
一间教室,两个人共用
各自拥有
两个都加 ’s
Lily’s and Lucy’s bags
各是各的
所有格后面的名词如果上文已说过可以省掉:—Whose schoolbag is this? —It’s Teng Fei’s.。
1. 课本 3b 原题
用括号里单词的正确所有格形式填空:
句子
答案
This is ______ (Kate) cat. It likes fish very much.
Kate’s
This is ______ (Peter and Emma) classroom. They love their big and clean classroom.
Peter and Emma’s
These are my little ______ (brothers) balls.
brothers’
—Whose caps are these? —They’re my ______ (grandparents).
grandparents’
—Whose schoolbag is this? —It’s ______ (Teng Fei).
Teng Fei’s
第 2 题两人共用一间教室,只加最后一个;第 3 题已复数,只加撇号。
2. 两种“谁的”问法
问法
例句
回答
Whose + 名词 + is / are ...?
Whose piano is this?
It’s my mother’s.
Whose is / are ...?
Whose are these bats?
They’re my grandpa’s.
别把 whose 和 who’s 混了:whose 是“谁的”,后面跟名词;who’s 是 who is 的缩写,是“是谁”。看到 Whose cap is this? 就答 It’s Kate’s.;看到 Who’s that girl? 才答 She’s Kate.。
六、实义动词的一般现在时(Grammar Focus 3a / 3c)
前面学的是 be 动词,本单元开始学实义动词(play、have、like 这类有实际动作的词)。铁律只有一条:主语是三单,动词变形;其余主语用原形。
图 4 三单变化与 Do / Does 问句
1. 三单怎么变
情况
变法
例词
一般情况
+ s
play → plays, read → reads, like → likes
以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾
+ es
watch → watches, go → goes, do → does
辅音字母 + y 结尾
变 y 为 i, 再 + es
study → studies, carry → carries
特殊
单独记
have → has
哪些主语算“三单”?he、she、it,单数的人名或称呼(Teng Fei、my father、my sister),以及单个的可数名词(the dog)。注意 I 和 you 不算三单,动词一律用原形。
2. 四种句式
句式
结构
例子
肯定句
主语 + 动词(三单变形)+ 其他
My brother has short hair.
否定句
主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形
He doesn’t play chess.
一般疑问句
Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Does your father spend a lot of time fishing?
简答
Yes, 主语 + do / does. No, 主语 + don’t / doesn’t.
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
三个高频错点:① Does 后面动词必须还原,说 Does he plays ...? 是错的;② 答语用 do / does,不能借 be 动词,Yes, he is. 是答 Is he ...? 的;③ 否定句里 doesn’t 已经把“三单”吃掉了,后面同样用原形。
3. 课本 3c 短文
3c 用一段短文把七种动词形式串了起来。先读完整的版本,注意加粗的动词为什么长这样:
I have a brother and a sister. My brother is tall, and he has short hair. He is really funny, and he often makes us laugh. My sister looks very different. She is short, and she has long brown hair. She is a quiet girl. She really likes reading. I’m not tall or short. I don’t talk or read much. But I play the violin really well. I also like playing tennis. We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together.
主语
动词
为什么这样变
my brother(he)
has
have 的三单是 has
he
makes
make 直接加 s
my sister(she)
looks
look 直接加 s
she
likes
like 直接加 s
I
don’t talk
否定句,don’t 后用原形
I
play
I 不是三单,用原形
we
are
be 动词,we 后面用 are
最后一句 We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together. 是本单元的“金句”:different 说不一样,but 一转,have a lot of fun together 说在一起很开心。写家庭的作文,用这一句收尾最稳。
七、Section A 2a–2e:在家里看东西(Whose ...?)
1. 对话:Teng Fei 请 Peter 进屋
这一段从“认人”转到“认东西”。Peter 到 Teng Fei 家,看到乒乓球拍、钓竿和钢琴,一路问“这是谁的”:
Teng Fei: Hi, Peter! Come in.
Peter: Thanks. Oh, these ping-pong bats are nice. Whose are they?
Teng Fei: Well, this is my ping-pong bat, and the black one is my grandpa’s.
Peter: Do you often play ping-pong together?
Teng Fei: Yes, we play every week. My grandpa loves sport.
Peter: Whose fishing rods are those?
Teng Fei: They’re my father’s. He spends a lot of time fishing.
Peter: Hey, do you play the piano?
Teng Fei: No, I don’t. It’s my mother’s piano. She can play it really well!
对话里的 the black one 用 one 代替前面的 ping-pong bat,避免重复;my grandpa’s 后面同样省掉了 ping-pong bat。这种“用 one 或所有格顶替”的写法,在英语里非常常见。
2. 2b 表格:谁有什么,拿它做什么
家庭成员
拥有的东西
做的活动
Teng Fei
a ping-pong bat
play ping-pong
Grandpa
the black ping-pong bat
play ping-pong
Father
fishing rods
fish
Mother
a piano
play the piano
表格里的活动一栏要注意搭配:打乒乓球说 play ping-pong,中间不加 the;弹钢琴说 play the piano,乐器前必须加 the。这条规则本单元反复考。
3. 2d:Li Xin 家这些东西是谁的
课本给了 Li Xin 家的四张照片,用同一组问答就能全部说清:
A: Whose erhu is this?
B: It’s Li Xin’s erhu.
A: Does she play the erhu well?
B: Yes, she does.
照片里的东西
可以问
可以答
erhu
Whose erhu is this?
It’s Li Xin’s.
basketball
Whose basketball is that?
It’s her brother’s.
Chinese chess
Whose Chinese chess is this?
It’s her grandpa’s.
4. 三个语言点
词句
中文
说明
spend a lot of time fishing
花很多时间钓鱼
spend time doing sth.,doing 不能换成 to do
play ping-pong / play chess
打乒乓球 / 下棋
球类、棋类前不加 the
play the piano / play the violin
弹钢琴 / 拉小提琴
乐器前必须加 the
Come in.
进来。
主人招呼客人最常用的一句
really well
非常好
修饰动词用 well,不用 good
八、Section B 阅读:Lily 的全家福(1b)
1. 照片里都有谁
Section B 的阅读是一篇图片配文:爱尔兰女孩 Lily 拿着一张全家福,按“中间—左边—右边”的顺序把六个人和一条狗介绍了一遍。先看这张“照片”,把人和位置对上:
图 5 Lily 的全家福:左、右、中间各是谁
2. 原文
Hi, I’m Lily from Ireland. I love my big family. Here’s a photo of us. I’m the one with the pink hat.
This is my dad, Fred, on the left. He’s very handsome. He often plays tennis with me. My little brother, Sam, is on his knee. Sam is seven, and he really likes chess.
My mum, Jane, is on the right. She’s beautiful and kind. She always reads me a story at night.
My grandparents, Jack and Sarah, are in the middle. They’re my dad’s parents. They have a dog. His name is Oscar.
My grandparents have three grandchildren: Sam, my cousin Lucy, and me. They often say I’m their favourite grandchild, but I think they say the same thing to all of us!
3. 信息梳理
人物
身份
外貌与性格
常做的事
Fred
爸爸(在左边)
very handsome
plays tennis with Lily
Sam
弟弟,7 岁
坐在爸爸膝盖上
really likes chess
Jane
妈妈(在右边)
beautiful and kind
reads Lily a story at night
Jack & Sarah
爷爷奶奶(在中间)
爸爸的父母
养了一条狗 Oscar
Lily
我自己
戴粉红色帽子
介绍全家人
4. 语言点
词句
中文
说明
Here’s a photo of us.
这是我们的一张照片。
Here is 开头的倒装句,主语在后面
the one with the pink hat
戴粉色帽子的那个
with 表“带着、穿着”,修饰 one
on his knee
在他的膝盖上
介绍照片位置的说法
in the middle
在中间
和 on the left / right 成组记
at night
在夜晚
不加 the
favourite
最喜欢的
英式拼写,美式写作 favorite
the same thing to all of us
对我们所有人说同样的话
same 前必须加 the
两个句型值得背下来:They have a dog. His name is Oscar.(先说有什么,再说它叫什么);They often say ..., but I think ...(转述别人的说法,再补自己的看法)。后者在写作里很好用。
九、读后任务:判断、复述与仿写(1c / 1d / 2a)
1. 判断对错(1c)
读完文章,下面五句要能快速判断,并说出依据在哪一句:
句子
判断
依据
Fred is Jack and Sarah’s son.
√
爷爷奶奶是 my dad’s parents,爸爸当然是他们的儿子
Lily’s father likes tennis.
√
He often plays tennis with me.
Oscar is Lily’s pet dog.
√
Oscar 是爷爷奶奶养的狗,也是全家的宠物
Lily is Lucy’s cousin.
√
my cousin Lucy
Lily thinks she is her grandparents’ favourite grandchild.
×
她认为爷爷奶奶对每个孙辈都说同样的话
第 5 题是全篇的“幽默点”:They often say I’m their favourite grandchild, but I think they say the same thing to all of us!——爷爷奶奶对每个孩子都说“你是我最喜欢的”,Lily 心里明白得很。这类题要区分“别人说的”和“我认为的”。
2. 复述照片(1d)
1d 要求轮流描述照片,一个说一个人。可以照着这个顺序:
步骤
句式
示例
先定位
This is ... on the left / on the right / in the middle.
This is Lily’s father, on the left.
再说名
His / Her name is ...
His name is Fred.
再说人
He’s / She’s + 形容词.
He’s very handsome.
最后说事
He / She often ...
He often plays tennis with me.
3. 仿写:Hu Xiao 的一家(2a)
2a 给了一段结构相同的介绍,把关键词填进去就成了一段完整的短文。先看填好的版本:
I’m Hu Xiao. This is my family photo. Here’s my dad. He’s handsome and funny. My dad’s favourite sport is football. He plays it every week. Next to him is my mum. She’s beautiful and kind. She likes to go hiking. The tall girl is me. I’m always happy, and I love animals. This is my little brother, Hu Rui. He has big eyes. He’s very clever, and he likes reading a lot. We love and help each other.
填空
答案
依据
He’s ______ and funny.
handsome
与 funny 并列,都是形容性格外貌
favourite sport is ______.
football
后文 He plays it every week
She’s beautiful and ______.
kind
与 beautiful 并列
I love ______.
animals
前文 The tall girl is me
He has ______.
big eyes
have 后接身体部位
He likes ______ a lot.
reading
like doing sth.
这段文字里有两个倒装:Here’s my dad. 和 Next to him is my mum.。倒装的目的不是炫技,而是把“位置”提到句首,读的人一听就知道人在照片的哪一边。
十、写作:My Family
1. 三段式结构
写“我的家庭”这类短文,最省力的办法是固定三段,每段只干一件事:
段落
写什么
常用句型
第一段 点题
交代有几口人、照片从哪来
Here is a photo of my family. There are ... people in my family.
第二段 逐人介绍
每个人的位置 + 外貌性格 + 常做的事
This is my father. He’s tall and kind. He often ...
第三段 收尾
一家人各不相同,但在一起很开心
We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together.
2. 范文
My Family
Hi, I’m Li Hua. Here is a photo of my family. There are four people in my family: my father, my mother, my sister and me.
My father is on the left. He’s tall and handsome. He often plays football with me at weekends. My mother is next to him. She’s kind, and she likes reading. The girl in the middle is my sister. She’s nine, and she really likes drawing.
We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together. I love my family.
范文只用了三种“介绍人”的句式:This is ...、... is on the left / next to him / in the middle、He / She + 形容词,然后每人补一件常做的事。把家人换掉、把爱好换掉,就是你自己的一篇。
3. 写完自查
检查项
要求
内容
至少写 3 个人:位置、外貌性格、常做的事各一句
语法
三单动词加 s;be 动词与主语一致;所有格不漏撇号
搭配
play football 不加 the;play the piano 要加 the
拼写标点
handsome、grandparents、favourite 等长词要核对;句首大写、句末有标点
换主语:My father → my grandfather / my cousin
换爱好:plays football → goes hiking / likes reading
换位置:on the left → in the middle / next to my mum
换结尾:I love my family. → Family is where love never ends.
十一、Project:Make your own family tree
本单元的项目任务是画一张自己的家谱,并向全班介绍。课本没有规定格式,但按下面三步做,既清楚又好看:
步骤
做什么
注意什么
第一步 画结构
一般画三代:祖辈在最上,父辈在中间,自己和兄弟姐妹、堂表兄弟姐妹在最下
同一代人放在同一层
第二步 填信息
每个人旁边写:姓名、年龄、外貌、性格、爱好
至少写 4 项,不要只写名字
第三步 介绍
拿着家谱向同学介绍,边指边说这个人是谁、长什么样、喜欢做什么
用 This is ... / These are ...
介绍时的开头、中间、结尾可以这样安排:
开头:This is my family tree. There are six people in my family.
中间:This is my grandpa. He’s 70, and he likes fishing. These are my parents. My father is a doctor ...
结尾:We are all different, but we love each other.
同学可以追问:Whose family tree is bigger? Who does this photo belong to?
十二、重点词汇
本单元的词汇按“家庭成员 — 物品与活动 — 描述人物”三组排列。音标用国际音标标注;词性缩写:n. 名词,v. 动词,adj. 形容词,adv. 副词,prep. 介词。带 ★ 的是 Section B 新增词汇。
单词 / 短语
音标
词性
中文
parent
/ˈpeərənt/
n.
父(母)亲
grandparent
/ˈɡrænpeərənt/
n.
祖父(母);外祖父(母)
grandchild★
/ˈɡræntʃaɪld/
n.
(外)孙子;(外)孙女
son★
/sʌn/
n.
儿子
husband
/ˈhʌzbənd/
n.
丈夫
member
/ˈmembə(r)/
n.
成员;会员
bat
/bæt/
n.
球棒;球拍
ping-pong bat
/ˈpɪŋ pɒŋ bæt/
短语
乒乓球拍
fishing rod
/ˈfɪʃɪŋ rɒd/
短语
钓竿
chess
/tʃes/
n.
国际象棋
Chinese chess
/ˌtʃaɪˈniːz tʃes/
短语
中国象棋
violin
/ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/
n.
小提琴
activity
/ækˈtɪvəti/
n.
活动
hat★
/hæt/
n.
帽子
knee★
/niː/
n.
膝;膝盖
hike★
/haɪk/
v. & n.
远足;徒步旅行
mean
/miːn/
v.
意思是;打算
spend
/spend/
v.
花(时间、钱等)
laugh
/lɑːf/
v. & n.
笑;笑声
talk
/tɔːk/
v.
交谈;谈论
together
/təˈɡeðə(r)/
adv.
在一起;共同
really
/ˈriːəli/
adv.
非常;真正地
different★
/ˈdɪfrənt/
adj.
不同的
funny
/ˈfʌni/
adj.
好笑的;滑稽的
handsome★
/ˈhænsəm/
adj.
英俊的
pink★
/pɪŋk/
adj. & n.
粉红色(的)
next to★
/ˈnekst tə/
短语
紧邻;在……近旁
in the middle★
/ɪn ðə ˈmɪdl/
短语
在中间;中部
at night★
/ət naɪt/
短语
在夜晚
a lot of / lots of
/ə lɒt əv/
短语
大量;许多
have fun
/hæv fʌn/
短语
玩得高兴
go hiking★
/ɡəʊ ˈhaɪkɪŋ/
短语
远足;徒步旅行
人名与地名要会读会写:Ireland(爱尔兰)、Fred(弗雷德)、Jane(简)、Jack(杰克)、Sarah(萨拉)、Sam(萨姆)、Lucy(露西)、Oscar(奥斯卡)、David(戴维)。
十三、重点短语与句型
1. 重点短语
短语
中文
短语
中文
a photo of my family
一张全家福
play ping-pong
打乒乓球
family photo
全家福照片
play chess
下国际象棋
come in
进来
play the piano
弹钢琴
every day / every week
每天 / 每周
play the violin
拉小提琴
spend time doing sth.
花时间做某事
go hiking
去远足
a lot of / lots of
大量;许多
have fun
玩得高兴
on the left / on the right
在左边 / 在右边
at night
在夜晚
in the middle
在中间
next to
紧邻;在……旁边
read sb. a story
给某人读故事
help each other
互相帮助
2. 重点句型
句型
中文
用法提示
—Whose ping-pong bats are these?
—They’re my father’s.
这些乒乓球拍是谁的?
是我爸爸的。
whose 问物主,答语用所有格
—Is this your family photo?
—Yes, it is.
这是你的全家福吗?
是的。
问 this 用 it 回答
—Who’s he?
—He’s my uncle.
他是谁?
是我叔叔。
问一个人用 Who’s
—Who are they?
—They’re my grandparents.
他们是谁?
是我祖父母。
问两个以上用 Who are they
This is my dad. These are my parents.
这是我爸爸。这是我父母。
一个用 this,两个以上用 these
He spends a lot of time fishing.
他花很多时间钓鱼。
spend time doing
My grandpa loves sport.
我爷爷热爱运动。
love 后接名词
We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together.
我们各不相同,但在一起很开心。
but 表转折
—Do you play the piano?
—Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
你弹钢琴吗?
弹。/ 不弹。
答语用 do,不用 am
—Does your father spend a lot of time fishing?
—Yes, he does.
你爸爸花很多时间钓鱼吗?
是的。
Does 后动词还原
十四、语法聚焦
1. 名词所有格再看一遍
所有格的核心是“谁的东西就在谁后面加撇号”。四种情况可以用一句话串起来:单数加 ’s,s 结尾的复数只加撇号;两人共有在后加,各自拥有都要加。
情况
构成
例子
单数名词
+ ’s
my father’s piano
不以 -s 结尾的复数
+ ’s
children’s books
以 -s 结尾的复数
+ ’
my grandparents’ caps
共有
最后一个 + ’s
Peter and Emma’s classroom
各自
每个都 + ’s
Lily’s and Lucy’s bags
2. 实义动词的三单变化
三单变化只有四条规则,但第四条的 have → has 和第三条的 study → studies 最容易错:
规则
变法
例词
一般
+ s
like → likes, play → plays, read → reads
s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾
+ es
watch → watches, go → goes, do → does
辅音字母 + y
y 变 i 再加 es
study → studies, carry → carries
特殊
单独记
have → has
注意元音字母加 y 的词不用变:play → plays、buy → buys,因为 y 前面是元音。
3. Do / Does 的疑问与否定
实义动词的疑问句不能像 be 动词那样直接提前,必须借助动词:主语是 I / you / we / they 借 do;主语是 he / she / it 或单数名词借 does。
句式
结构
例子
肯定句
主语 + 动词(三单变形)
My sister likes reading.
否定句
主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形
My sister doesn’t like reading.
疑问句
Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形?
Does your sister like reading?
肯定简答
Yes, 主语 + do / does.
Yes, she does.
否定简答
No, 主语 + don’t / doesn’t.
No, she doesn’t.
口诀:主语是三单,动词加 -s 或 -es;
疑问和否定,does 出场,后面的动词还原;
答语只认 do / does,别把 is / am / are 借过来。
4. 形容词性物主代词
介绍家人时离不开这些词,它们后面必须接名词:
人称
形物代
例子
人称
形物代
例子
I
my
my dad
we
our
our family
you
your
your uncle
they
their
their son
he
his
his hat
she
her
her sister
it
its
its name
—
—
—
its 和 it’s 是两回事:its 是“它的”,it’s 是 it is 的缩写。Its name is Oscar. 对,It’s name is Oscar. 错。
5. 两个高频搭配
搭配
规则
例证
play + 球类 / 棋类
不加 the
play ping-pong, play chess, play football
play + 乐器
必须加 the
play the piano, play the violin
family 作整体
谓语用单数
My family is big.
family 指成员
谓语用复数
My family are all kind.
6. whose 与 who’s
词语
是什么
后面接什么
例句
whose
谁的(疑问代词)
名词,或直接作表语
Whose cap is this?
who’s
who is 的缩写
不作定语
Who’s that boy?
十五、巩固练习与参考答案
练习按题型分组:语音、词汇与拼写、名词所有格、三单与 Do / Does、情景交际,另有补全对话和连词成句。先独立完成,再对照文末答案。
题型一 语音(四个元音与重音)
1. 下列单词中,字母组合 ir 读 /ɜː/ 的是( )。
A. hire B. fire C. tired D. girl
2. 下列单词中,字母 u 读 /ʌ/ 的是( )。
A. put B. rule C. duck D. use
3. 下列单词中,字母组合 ar 读 /ɑː/ 的是( )。
A. warm B. dark C. war D. quarter
4. 下列单词中,含有 /ə/ 音的是( )。
A. her B. turn C. doctor D. duck
5. 下列各组单词中,元音读音相同的一组是( )。
A. her — sister B. duck — dark C. girl — turn D. much — march
6. 单词 funny 的重音在( )。
A. 第一个音节 B. 第二个音节 C. 两个都重读 D. 没有重音
题型二 词汇与拼写
7. My father’s brother is my ________.
A. aunt B. cousin C. brother D. uncle
8. My aunt’s son is my ________.
A. brother B. cousin C. uncle D. son
9. —How many ________ are there in your family? —Three.
A. person B. peoples C. member D. people
10. These are my ________ books. They are for children.
A. children B. childrens C. children’s D. child’s
11. My grandparents have three ________: my brother, my cousin and me.
A. grandchild B. grandchildren C. grandchilds D. grandchildrens
题型三 名词所有格
12. This is ________ cat. It likes fish very much.
A. Kate B. Kates C. Kate’s D. Kates’
13. This is ________ classroom. They love their big and clean classroom.
A. Peter’s and Emma’s B. Peter and Emma C. Peter’s and Emma D. Peter and Emma’s
14. These are my little ________ balls.
A. brothers B. brother’s C. brothers’ D. brothers’s
15. —Whose caps are these? —They’re my ________.
A. grandparents B. grandparents’ C. grandparent’s D. grandparents’s
16. —Whose schoolbag is this? —It’s ________.
A. Teng Fei B. Teng Feis C. Teng Fei’ D. Teng Fei’s
17. 下列表达“莉莉和露西各自的书包”正确的是( )。
A. Lily and Lucy’s schoolbags B. Lily’s and Lucy’s schoolbags C. Lily’s and Lucy schoolbags D. Lily and Lucy schoolbags
题型四 三单与 Do / Does
18. My brother ________ short hair.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
19. He is really funny, and he often ________ us laugh.
A. makes B. make C. making D. to make
20. —________ your father spend a lot of time fishing? —Yes, he does.
A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
21. —Do you play the piano? —No, I ________.
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. am not D. aren’t
22. My sister ________ very different from me.
A. look B. looking C. looks D. is look
23. She ________ reading very much.
A. like B. likes C. liking D. is like
题型五 情景交际
24. —Whose fishing rods are those? —________
A. They’re my father’s. B. It’s my father. C. Yes, they are. D. They are fishing.
25. —________ are they? —They’re my grandparents.
A. What B. Whose C. Where D. Who
26. —Is this your family photo? —________
A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, they are. C. No, it is. D. Yes, he is.
27. —How many people are there in your family? —________
A. Four. B. Four people are. C. Yes, four. D. They are four.
28. —What’s your father like? —________
A. He’s tall and funny. B. He’s a doctor. C. He likes football. D. He’s forty.
题型六 补全对话
从方框中选择合适的句子补全对话,其中有一项多余。
A: Hi, Lucy! Is this your family photo?
B: ____29____
A: Who’s the man on the left?
B: ____30____
A: Is the little boy your brother?
B: ____31____ He’s my cousin.
A: What a happy family!
A. Yes, it is.
B. No, he isn’t.
C. He’s my uncle.
D. How old is he?
题型七 连词成句
把下列单词连成一句话,注意大小写和句末标点。
32. photo, here, is, a, of, my, family ( . )
33. whose, are, bats, these, ping-pong ( ? )
34. father, time, my, a, lot, of, spends, fishing ( . )
35. is, one, the, pink, I, with, hat, the ( . )
36. different, all, we, are, but, fun, we, together, have ( . )
即时检测
1. My mother’s sister is my ________.
A. aunt B. uncle C. cousin D. sister
2. This is ________ piano.
A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Lucy’s D. Lucys’
3. —Does your mother have a piano? —Yes, she ________.
A. do B. does C. is D. has
4. These are my ________.
A. grandparent B. grandparents C. grandparent’s D. grandparents’s
5. We are different, ________ we have a lot of fun together.
A. but B. and C. or D. so
参考答案
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A
7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. B
12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. B
18. B 19. A 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. B
24. A 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. A
29. A 30. C 31. B
32. Here is a photo of my family.
33. Whose ping-pong bats are these?
34. My father spends a lot of time fishing.
35. I’m the one with the pink hat.
36. We are all different, but we have fun together.
即时检测:1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A
十六、易错点辨析
下面这些说法是本单元最容易出错的地方。先自己判断,再看右边的正确说法和原因。
常见错误
正确说法与原因
This is Kate cat.
This is Kate’s cat.(漏了所有格的撇号 s)
These are my brothers’s balls.
These are my brothers’ balls.(以 -s 结尾的复数只加撇号)
This is Peter’s and Emma’s classroom.
This is Peter and Emma’s classroom.(两人共有一间教室,只加最后一个)
My grandfather have a dog.
My grandfather has a dog.(三单主语用 has)
Does your father spends a lot of time fishing?
Does your father spend a lot of time fishing?(Does 后面动词必须还原)
—Do you play the piano? —Yes, I am.
—Yes, I do.(实义动词的答语用 do,不借 be 动词)
My family are big.
My family is big.(这里指“一个家庭”,用单数)
He plays the chess every day.
He plays chess every day.(棋类、球类前不加 the)
—Whose piano is this? —It’s my mother.
—It’s my mother’s.(回答归属要用所有格)
He spend a lot of time to fish.
He spends a lot of time fishing.(三单加 s;spend time doing)
十七、知识网络
本单元分八个板块:称谓、家谱、四个元音、所有格、三单、Do / Does、Whose、阅读与写作。
板块
核心要点
易错提醒
家庭成员
father, mother, uncle, aunt, cousin, son
cousin 不分堂表男女
三代家谱
grandparents → parents → me
grandchild 复数是 grandchildren
四个元音
/ɜː/ her, /ə/ sister, /ʌ/ duck, /ɑː/ dark
非重读才读 /ə/
名词所有格
Kate’s cat; my grandparents’ caps
-s 复数只加撇号
共有与各自
Peter and Emma’s classroom; Lily’s and Lucy’s bags
共有只加最后一个
三单变化
plays, watches, studies, has
Does 后动词还原
Do / Does
Do you ...? Does he ...?
答语用 do / does
Whose
Whose piano is this? It’s my mother’s.
别与 Who’s 混
十八、一分钟速记
· 亲属:father, mother, parents, grandparents, brother, sister, cousin, uncle, aunt, son, grandchild
· 三代:祖辈 grandparents → 父辈 parents / uncle / aunt → 我辈 brother / sister / cousin
· 四个元音:/ɜː/ her、/ə/ sister、/ʌ/ duck、/ɑː/ dark
· 所有格:单数加撇号 s,s 结尾复数只加撇号,共有在后加,各自都要加
· 三单:+s(plays)、+es(watches)、y 变 i 加 es(studies)、have → has
· 疑问:Do you ...? / Does he ...? 答语 Yes, I do. / Yes, he does.
· 问物主:Whose ... is this? 答 It’s my father’s.
· 搭配:play ping-pong(不加 the)、play the piano(加 the)
· 金句:We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together.
十九、文化角、学习自评与单元反思
文化角(Culture corner)
英语的亲属称谓比汉语“粗”,这不是偷懒,而是习惯不同。汉语要分清爷爷和外公、伯伯和舅舅、堂哥和表姐;英语只用一个 grandfather、一个 uncle、一个 cousin 全包下来。所以真要把关系说准,英语得补一句:my father’s parents(我爸爸的父母)、my mother’s brother(我妈妈的哥哥)。
正因为称谓粗,介绍全家福时英语特别依赖位置:on the left(左边)、on the right(右边)、in the middle(中间)、next to him(旁边)。位置 + 名字 + 关系,三样一起才对得上号。
英语还用 -in-law 表示姻亲:mother-in-law 是婆婆或岳母,brother-in-law 是姐夫或妹夫。一个关系造一个新词,可见两种语言切分亲属的方式不同。
学习自评
学习目标
掌握
基本掌握
需加强
能说出 12 个以上的家庭成员称谓
能读准 /ɜː/ /ə/ /ʌ/ /ɑː/ 四个元音
能分清 -s / -’s 的三种读音
能正确使用名词所有格的四种形式
能写出实义动词的三单形式并正确提问
能用 Whose ...? 询问物主并作答
能读懂全家福短文并提取人物信息
能写出一篇介绍自己家庭的短文
在对应的格子里打“√”,本单元的内容就真正属于你了。
单元反思(Reflecting)
学完整个单元,对照下面四个问题想一想,能用英语简单说说自己的情况:
反思问题
中文
自我评价
I can name the members of my family.
我能说出家庭成员的称谓。
Very well / OK / Needs work
I can talk about what my family members like.
我能谈论家人喜欢什么。
Very well / OK / Needs work
I can use ’s to say who things belong to.
我能用所有格说清东西是谁的。
Very well / OK / Needs work
I can introduce my family with a photo.
我能看着照片介绍我的家人。
Very well / OK / Needs work
本单元我会说
学完本单元,试着不看课本,用下面的句子介绍自己的家:
功能
我会说
说人数
There are four people in my family.
介绍一个人
This is my father. He’s tall and handsome.
介绍两个以上
These are my grandparents. They’re in the middle.
说位置
My mum is on the right. She’s next to my dad.
说爱好
He often plays football. She likes reading.
问物主
Whose piano is this? It’s my mother’s.
收尾
We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together.
二十、写作输出单:My Family Card
把本单元的写作拆成一张卡片:先填信息,再按句式连成三段,就是 Project 要交的家庭介绍。
卡片项目
My answer(自己填)
可以照着写的句子
People 几口人
There are ... people in my family.
Who 都有谁
They are my ..., my ... and me.
Father 爸爸
He’s tall and handsome. He often ...
Mother 妈妈
She’s kind. She likes ...
Others 其他人
My ... is on the left. He / She ...
Fun 好玩的事
We often ... together.
Ending 收尾
We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together.
My Family(照着填,连起来就是一篇完整的三段短文)
Hello, I’m ________. Here is a photo of my family. There are ________ people in my family: ________.
This is my father. He’s ________. He often ________. My mother is ________. She’s ________, and she likes ________. The ________ is my ________.
We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together. I love my family.
写完对照第十节“3. 写完自查”逐项过一遍:三单动词加 s 没有、所有格的撇号漏没漏、play the piano 的 the 在不在、长词拼对没有。
1. 家庭介绍词库
写家庭短文时最缺的不是句式,而是词。按类别备一点,写起来就不干:
类别
常用词 / 短语
用在哪
外貌
tall, short, handsome, beautiful, big eyes, long hair
He’s tall and handsome.
性格
kind, funny, clever, quiet, happy
She’s kind and funny.
爱好
play football, play the piano, read a story, go hiking
He often plays football.
频率
every day, every week, often, always, at weekends
She always reads me a story.
位置
on the left, on the right, in the middle, next to him
My mum is on the right.
2. 升格示例:把 3 句写成 6 句
同一句话,补上位置、外貌、时间这些细节,句子就立起来了:
原来的句子
升格后的句子
补了什么
This is my father.
This is my father, on the left. He’s tall and handsome.
位置 + 外貌
My mother likes reading.
My mother is on the right. She’s kind, and she always reads me a story at night.
位置 + 性格 + 时间
We are happy.
We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together.
用 but 造转折句
三种结尾都不错,挑一句收尾即可:
① We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together.
② I love my family. Family is where life begins and love never ends.
③ There are four people in my family, and I love every one of them.
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