内容正文:
Day 6 · 非谓语动词(二)
—— 不定式作宾语/定语/状语
目录
一、 典例分析 1
二、 仿写练习 5
1. 语法填空与仿写练习 5
2. 答案解析与仿写参考 6
3. 写作迁移 7
阶段目标:通过“五步四层剥离法”体会不定式在句中作宾语、后置定语、目的状语与原因状语时的功能差异,掌握根据谓语动词搭配、名词搭配和逻辑关系判断不定式成分的方法。
1、 典例分析
⭐ 例1(2024新课标I卷·语法填空)难度:★☆☆☆☆
原句:
These sepals open on warm days ______ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
① 全句观:
连词数:0个 | 动词数:2个(open, to give)
结构类型:不定式作目的状语
② 第一层(并列切分):
无并列连词
③ 第二层(主从定位):
主句主干:These sepals open on warm days.
不定式作目的状语:to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air
open 是谓语,to give 表示“打开”这一动作的目的
判断方法:可将 to give 移至句首(To give... these sepals open...),句子依然通顺,说明作目的状语
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
on warm days → 介词短语作时间状语
the inside plants → 间接宾语
sunshine and fresh air → 直接宾语
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
主句:These sepals open.
目的状语:to give sunshine and fresh air.
树状结构图:
[These sepals] [open] [on warm days]
└── [to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air]
[不定式作目的状语]
⚠️ 核心考点:
不定式作目的状语,常译为“为了……”
判断技巧:能否将不定式移至句首,或以 in order to 替换
⭐ 例2(2024全国甲卷·语法填空)难度:★★☆☆☆
原句:
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ______ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
树状结构图:① 全句观:
连词数:1个(Although)| 动词数:3个(exist, tend, to catch)
结构类型:不定式作宾语(tend to do)
② 第一层(并列切分):
无并列连词
③ 第二层(主从定位):
让步状语从句(Although 引导):Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level
主句主干:the national parks tend ______ our attention
不定式作宾语:to catch our attention
tend 是谓语,to catch 作 tend 的宾语,构成固定搭配 tend to do sth.(倾向于做某事)
宾语从句/不定式作宾语的区别:此处 tend 后接不定式,而非 that 从句
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
of all sizes and types → 介词短语作定语,修饰 parks
at any level → 介词短语作状语
in particular → 插入语,表强调
because of their large size and variety → 介词短语作原因状语
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
让步状语从句:parks exist.
主句:the national parks tend.
宾语:to catch our attention.
[Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level]
[让步状语从句]
[the national parks,] [in particular,] [tend] [to catch our attention]
└── [不定式作宾语,tend to do]
└── [because of their large size and variety] [原因状语]
⚠️ 核心考点:
tend to do 为固定搭配,不定式作宾语
区分 tend to do(宾语)与 ...enough to do(结果状语)等结构
⭐ 例3(2024新课标II卷·语法填空)难度:★★★☆☆
原句:
Walking at night-time is a great way ______ (step) out of your comfort zone.
树状结构图:① 全句观:
连词数:0个 | 动词数:2个(is, to step)
结构类型:不定式作后置定语
② 第一层(并列切分):
无并列连词
③ 第二层(主从定位):
主句主干:Walking at night-time is a great way.
不定式作后置定语:to step out of your comfort zone → 修饰 a great way
不定式与所修饰名词 way 之间是同位关系(“一种……的方式”),说明 way 的具体内容
判断方法:不定式无法移至句首(To step... Walking is a great way. 不成立),且逻辑主语不是句子主语,因此不是目的状语,而是定语
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
Walking at night-time → 动名词短语作主语
out of your comfort zone → 介词短语作状语
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
主句:Walking is a way.
定语:to step out of your comfort zone.
[Walking at night-time] [is] [a great way]
└── [to step out of your comfort zone]
[不定式作后置定语,修饰 way]
⚠️ 核心考点:
不定式作后置定语时,常修饰 way, chance, ability, time 等抽象名词
区分定语与目的状语:定语无法移至句首,且逻辑主语不是句子主语
⭐ 例4(2024新课标II卷·语法填空)难度:★★★★☆
原句:
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ______ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
树状结构图:① 全句观:
连词数:1个(that)| 动词数:6个(have increased, said, adding, walking, were amazed, to find)
结构类型:不定式作原因状语(amazed to do)
② 第一层(并列切分):
无并列连词
③ 第二层(主从定位):
主句主干:Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson.
现在分词作伴随状语:adding that...
宾语从句(that 引导):that visitors...were often amazed ______ the connection
不定式作原因状语:to find the connection between the two great writers
amazed 是形容词,to find 说明“惊讶”的原因(因为发现……而感到惊讶)
常见“形容词 + to do”表原因:amazed/surprised/happy/sorry to do
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
walking through the Birthplace Garden → 现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 visitors
between the two great writers → 介词短语作定语,修饰 connection
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
宾语从句:visitors were amazed.
原因状语:to find the connection.
[Those cultural elements have increased visibility,] [said Edmondson]
└── [, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden]
[现在分词作伴随状语]
└── [were often amazed] [to find the connection]
[不定式作原因状语]
└── [walking through the garden] [现在分词作后置定语]
⚠️ 核心考点:
be amazed to do 中,不定式作原因状语,不是目的状语
现在分词作后置定语(walking)与不定式作原因状语(to find)在同一句中并存,需分层剥离
⭐ 例5(2024北京卷·语法填空)难度:★★★★★
原句:
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ______ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness.
① 全句观:
连词数:0个 | 动词数:4个(can contribute, allows, to rest, to develop)
结构类型:不定式作后置定语 + 不定式作宾语补足语(allow sb to do)
② 第一层(并列切分):
无并列连词
③ 第二层(主从定位):
主句主干:Taking the time allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness.
不定式作后置定语:to rest → 修饰 the time(“休息的时间”)
不定式作宾语补足语:to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness → 作 allows us 的宾语补足语(allow sb. to do sth.)
to rest 作定语:take the time to do sth. = 花时间做某事,time 与 to rest 是同位关系
to develop 作宾补:allow 后接“宾语 + 不定式”结构
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
Slowing down → 动名词短语作主语(前一句)
to personal growth → 介词短语作状语
of self-awareness → 介词短语作定语,修饰 sense
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
主句:Taking the time allows us.
定语:to rest (the time).
宾补:to develop a sense.
树状结构图:
[Taking the time] [allows] [us]
└── [to rest] [不定式作后置定语,修饰 the time]
└── [to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness] [不定式作宾语补足语]
[Slowing down] [can contribute significantly to personal growth]
⚠️ 核心考点:
同一句中不定式作定语(to rest)和宾补(to develop),功能不同,需分别判断
allow sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配,不定式作宾语补足语
判断定语还是目的状语:to rest 不能移至句首(To rest, taking the time allows... 不成立),且逻辑主语不是句子主语(taking the time 的逻辑主语是人,但 to rest 的逻辑主语也是人,此处关键在于 time 与 to rest 的同位关系)
2、 仿写练习
1. 语法填空与仿写练习
⭐ 练1
原句(2024新课标I卷·语法填空):
These sepals open on warm days _________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
① 请在横线上填入正确的非谓语形式:
② 判断横线处作什么成分: ________________________________
③ 将该不定式移至句首,句子是否成立? ______(是/否)
④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________
⭐ 练2
原句(2024全国甲卷·语法填空):
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _________ (catch) our attention.
① 请在横线上填入正确的非谓语形式:
② 判断横线处作什么成分: ________________________________
③ tend 后接不定式属于什么固定搭配? ________________________
④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________
⭐ 练3
原句(2024新课标II卷·语法填空):
Walking at night-time is a great way _________ (step) out of your comfort zone.
① 请在横线上填入正确的非谓语形式:
② 判断横线处作什么成分: ________________________________
③ 能否将该不定式移至句首?为什么? ________________________
④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________
⭐ 练4
原句(2024新课标II卷·语法填空):
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _________ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
① 请在横线上填入正确的非谓语形式:
② 判断横线处作什么成分: ________________________________
③ amazed 后接不定式表示什么逻辑关系? ______________________
④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________
⭐ 练5 ✍️【仿写任务】
任务说明: 请根据以下中文提示,写一段话(不少于50词),描述你学习一项新技能的经历,至少使用1个不定式作目的状语、1个不定式作后置定语和1个“形容词 + to do”结构。
提示: 描述你为了掌握某项技能做了什么、花了多少时间、以及当你发现进步时的感受。
你的仿写:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 答案解析与仿写参考
⭐ 练1 参考答案
① 答案: to give
② 不定式作目的状语(“为了给内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气”)
③ 是(To give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air, these sepals open on warm days. 成立,说明作目的状语)
④ 翻译: 这些萼片在温暖的日子里打开,为内部的植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。
⭐ 练2 参考答案
① 答案: to catch
② 不定式作宾语(tend to do sth. 固定搭配)
③ tend to do sth.(倾向于做某事)
④ 翻译: 尽管各种大小和类型的公园存在于各个层级,但国家公园尤其因其面积广大和多样性而引人注目。
⭐ 练3 参考答案
① 答案: to step
② 不定式作后置定语(修饰 way)
③ 不能。若移至句首(To step out of your comfort zone, walking at night-time is a great way.),逻辑主语不一致,句子不成立,因此作定语而非目的状语
④ 翻译: 夜间散步是走出舒适区的一个好方法。
⭐ 练4 参考答案
① 答案: to find
② 不定式作原因状语(amazed to do 结构,表示“因发现……而惊讶”)
③ 原因关系(不定式说明 amazed 的原因)
④ 翻译: 埃德蒙森说,这些文化元素提升了斯特拉特福的国际知名度,并补充说,穿行于出生地花园的游客常常惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。
⭐ 练5 仿写参考
To learn to play the guitar, I set aside thirty minutes every day. I was looking for a way to relax after school, and playing music seemed perfect. It took me months to master the basic chords. When I finally played a whole song without stopping, I was amazed to find how much I had improved. (53 words)
3. 写作迁移
任务: 用不定式写一段话(不少于50词),描述你学习一项新技能的经历,至少使用1个不定式作目的状语、1个不定式作后置定语和1个“形容词 + to do”结构。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
写作示范:
To learn to play the guitar, I set aside thirty minutes every day. I was looking for a way to relax after school, and playing music seemed perfect. It took me months to master the basic chords. When I finally played a whole song without stopping, I was amazed to find how much I had improved.
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