第01讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(一)-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

2026-08-04
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摘要:

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦定语从句核心考点,系统梳理限制性与非限制性定语从句的区分标准及关系词选择规则,通过典例分析、仿写练习、写作迁移的逻辑链条构建知识体系。采用“五步四层剥离法”解析真题,结合考点梳理、方法指导、分层训练环节,帮助学生突破关系词判断及句子结构分析难点,体现复习的系统性与针对性。 讲义以高考真题为载体,创新运用“树状结构图”可视化句子成分,通过“五步四层剥离法”培养学生的逻辑思维与分析能力。设置语法填空、仿写任务、写作迁移等分层练习,强化语言能力与学习策略,助力学生在有限时间内提升定语从句应用及应试能力,为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

内容正文:

Day 1 · 定语从句(一) —— 限制性与非限制性定语从句 目 录 一、典例分析 二、仿写练习 1. 仿写任务 2. 答案解析 3. 写作迁移 阶段目标:通过“五步四层剥离法”完成句子分析,掌握关系词选择的基本规则,区分并正确使用两种定语从句。 ⭐ 例1(2025全国I卷·语法填空) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 树状结构图:1 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:3个(is featuring, inspired, originated) 结构类型:非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“Go, or weiqi in Chinese” 2 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 3 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:An exhibition is featuring artwork. 非限制性定语从句:______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago → 修饰Go(围棋) 先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导 非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开,去掉后主句依然完整 4 第三层(修饰剥离): inspired by Go → 过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰artwork at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai → 介词短语作地点状语 5 第四层(最小单元): 主句:An exhibition is featuring artwork. 定语从句:which originated in China. [An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai] [is featuring] [artwork] └── [inspired by Go] [过去分词作后置定语] └── [, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago] [非限制性定语从句] ⚠️ 核心考点: 非限制性定语从句中,先行词指物时只能用which,不能用that 关系词在从句中作主语时不可省略 ⭐ 例2(2025全国II卷·语法填空) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 树状结构图:① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:3个(live, grow, doesn't exist) 结构类型:非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the countryside” ② 第一层(并列切分): 定语从句内部包含三个并列分句:bamboo...grow wild / chickens are free-range / central heating doesn't exist ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:I live in the countryside. 非限制性定语从句:______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild... → 修饰the countryside 先行词指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用where引导 ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): with my Chinese husband and his family → 介词短语作伴随状语 of Zhejiang, China → 介词短语作定语,修饰countryside ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:I live in the countryside. 定语从句:bamboo and tea bushes grow wild there. [I] [live] [in the countryside of Zhejiang, China] [with my Chinese husband and his family] └── [, where bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains] [非限制性定语从句] ⚠️ 核心考点: 先行词表示地点,且在从句中作地点状语时,用关系副词where 区分where和which:若从句缺主语/宾语用which,缺状语用where ⭐ 例3(2025全国I卷·阅读B篇) In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. ① 全句观: 连词数:3个(who, who, who)| 动词数:5个(met, saved, demanded, died, rejected) 结构类型:三个who引导的限制性定语从句并列 ② 第一层(并列切分): 三个并列宾语由逗号分隔:a cowboy,a strict father,and a modern-day Juliet 每个并列宾语后各接一个who引导的限制性定语从句 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet. 定语从句1:who saved his town → 修饰cowboy 定语从句2:who demanded his son earn straight A's → 修饰father 定语从句3:who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love → 修饰Juliet 三个先行词均指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用who引导 限制性定语从句无逗号,去掉后主句意思不完整 ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): in my ninth-grade writing class last year → 介词短语作时间/地点状语 after her parents rejected the love → 时间状语从句,嵌套在定语从句3内部 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:I met a cowboy, a father, and a Juliet. 定语从句1:who saved his town. 定语从句2:who demanded his son earn A's. 定语从句3:who died of heartbreak. 树状结构图: [I] [met] ├── [a cowboy] [who saved his town] [定语从句1] ├── [a strict father] [who demanded his son earn straight A's] [定语从句2] └── [a modern-day Juliet] [who died of heartbreak] [定语从句3] └── [after her parents rejected the love] [时间状语从句] ⚠️ 核心考点: 先行词指人时,用关系代词who(作主语)或whom(作宾语) 多个定语从句可并列,关系词需分别与各自先行词一致 ⭐ 例4(2024全国II卷·语法填空) Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 树状结构图:① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:3个(commemorating, is known, add) 结构类型:非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“Tang Xianzu” ② 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:Chinese cultural elements add an international character. 非限制性定语从句:______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia” → 修饰Tang Xianzu 先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用who引导 ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): commemorating Tang Xianzu → 现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰elements to Stratford-upon-Avon → 介词短语作状语 William Shakespeare's hometown → 同位语,解释Stratford-upon-Avon ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:elements add character. 定语从句:who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”. [Chinese cultural elements] [add] [character] [to Stratford-upon-Avon] └── [commemorating Tang Xianzu] [现在分词作后置定语] └── [, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”] [非限制性定语从句] ⚠️ 核心考点: 非限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时用who who在从句中作主语,不可省略 ⭐ 例5(2024全国II卷·语法填空) Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ______ will make them the most money. 树状结构图:① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:3个(are, price, will make) 结构类型:限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the way” ② 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:shops price goods in the way. 限制性定语从句:______ will make them the most money → 修饰the way 先行词the way,关系词在从句中作主语,可用that或which引导 注意:the way后关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略,但本句中关系词作主语,不可省略 ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): Of course → 插入语 not charities → 表语 破折号后为解释说明 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:shops price goods in the way. 定语从句:that/which will make them money. [shops] [price] [goods] [in the way] └── [that/which will make them the most money] [限制性定语从句,关系词作主语] ⚠️ 核心考点: the way后接定语从句,关系词作宾语时可省略(如I like the way he talks),作主语时不可省略(如本题) 区分关系词在从句中作主语还是宾语,是关键判断依据 训练目标:通过“五步四层剥离法”完成句子分析,并能写出正确的定语从句。 1. 语法填空与仿写练习 ⭐ 语法填空1 原句(2025全国I卷·语法填空): An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. ① 请在横线上填入正确的关系词:________________________ ② 判断该从句是限制性还是非限制性: ________________________ ③ 横线处的关系词在从句中作什么成分? ________________________ ④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 语法填空2 原句(2025全国II卷·语法填空): Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _________ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains. ① 请在横线上填入正确的关系词:________________________ ② 判断该从句是限制性还是非限制性: ________________________ ③ 横线处的关系词在从句中作什么成分? ________________________ ④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 语法填空3 原句(2024全国II卷·语法填空): Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon. ① 请在横线上填入正确的关系词:________________________ ② 判断该从句是限制性还是非限制性: ________________________ ③ 横线处的关系词在从句中作什么成分? ________________________ ④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 语法填空4 原句(2024全国II卷·语法填空): Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. ① 请在横线上填入正确的关系词(可多选):________________________ ② 判断该从句是限制性还是非限制性: ________________________ ③ 横线处的关系词能否省略?为什么? ________________________ ④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ✍ 仿写任务5 任务说明: 请根据以下中文提示,写一个完整的英文句子,包含至少一个定语从句。 提示: 用定语从句介绍一本你最喜欢的书。 句式参考: The book, which..., is... 或 The book that... is... 你的仿写: _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 答案解析与仿写参考 ⭐ 练1 参考答案 ① 答案: which ② 非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开) ③ 在从句中作主语(originated的主语) ④ 翻译: 上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览,展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋(中文称为“围棋”),它起源于4000多年前的中国。 ⭐ 练2 参考答案 ① 答案: where ② 非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开) ③ 在从句中作地点状语(= in the countryside) ④ 翻译: 然而现在,我和我的中国丈夫及其家人住在中国浙江的乡村,那里的山上竹子和茶树肆意生长,鸡总是散养的,也没有集中供暖。 ⭐ 练3 参考答案 ① 答案: who ② 非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开) ③ 在从句中作主语(is known的主语) ④ 翻译: 为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。 ⭐ 练4 参考答案 ① 答案: that / which ② 限制性定语从句(无逗号) ③ 不能省略(关系词在从句中作主语,作主语时不可省略) ④ 翻译: 当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最能赚钱的方式给商品定价。 ⭐ 练5 仿写参考 ① The Little Prince, which was written by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, is my favorite book of all time. ② The book that has influenced me most is The Old Man and the Sea. 3. 写作迁移(50词) 任务: 写一段话(不少于50词),描述一位对你影响最大的老师,包含定语从句。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 写作示范: My English teacher, who has a great sense of humor, always makes his classes lively and interesting. The advice that he gave me about learning English has been invaluable. He is the person who inspired me to read extensively and to express myself confidently in writing. (47 words) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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第01讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(一)-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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第01讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(一)-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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第01讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(一)-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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