第04讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(四)-2027年高三英语一轮复习专项

2026-10-27
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Day 4 · 定语从句(四) —— 极难句特训:嵌套定语从句 目录 一、 典例分析 1 二、 仿写练习 5 1. 语法填空与仿写练习 5 2. 答案解析与仿写参考 6 3. 写作迁移 7 阶段目标:通过“五步四层剥离法”体会嵌套式与分隔式定语从句的层次关系,掌握跳过同位语、介词短语等插入成分准确定位先行词,并判断关系词在从句中作主、宾、定语的方法。 1、 典例分析 ⭐ 例1(2023天津卷·单项填空)难度:★★☆☆☆ Their child is at the stage ______ she can say individual words but not full sentences. ① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:2个(is, can say) 结构类型:where引导的限制性定语从句(抽象地点) ② 第一层(并列切分): but连接两个并列宾语:individual words / not full sentences ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:Their child is at the stage. 限制性定语从句:______ she can say individual words but not full sentences → 修饰the stage 先行词stage表示抽象地点(“阶段”),关系词在从句中作地点状语(= at the stage),用where 抽象名词(stage, point, situation, case等)后接定语从句,缺状语时用where ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): at the stage → 介词短语作表语 individual words / full sentences → 并列宾语 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:Their child is at the stage. 定语从句:she can say words but not sentences there. 树状结构图: [Their child] [is] [at the stage] └── [where she can say individual words but not full sentences] [限制性定语从句,where作地点状语] ⚠️ 核心考点: 抽象名词(stage, point, situation, case)后接定语从句,缺状语时用where where不限于具体地点,也可指抽象“阶段/地步” ⭐ 例2(2021天津卷·单项填空)难度:★★★☆☆ William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ______ we can learn without repeating them. 树状结构图:① 全句观: 连词数:2个(that, 横线处)| 动词数:3个(suggested, informs, can learn) 结构类型:“介词 + which”引导的限制性定语从句 ② 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:William Hastie once suggested that... 宾语从句(that引导):that history informs us of past mistakes 限制性定语从句:______ we can learn without repeating them → 修饰past mistakes 横线处关系词在从句中作learn from的宾语(learn from past mistakes),介词from提前,用from which 完整形式:past mistakes from which we can learn ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): of past mistakes → 介词短语作状语 without repeating them → 介词短语作状语 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:William Hastie suggested that... 宾语从句:history informs us of mistakes. 定语从句:from which we can learn. [William Hastie] [once suggested] [that history informs us of past mistakes] └── [from which we can learn without repeating them] [“介词 + which”引导的限制性定语从句,修饰past mistakes] ⚠️ 核心考点: “介词 + which”结构中,介词的选择取决于从句中动词的搭配(learn from mistakes) 关系词在从句中作介词宾语,不可用that替换 ⭐ 例3(2022全国甲卷·语法填空)难度:★★★★☆ On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. ① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:2个(lost, crossed) 结构类型:who引导的非限制性定语从句 ② 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:the man Cao Shengkang crossed 40 cities and counties. 非限制性定语从句:______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight → 修饰Cao Shengkang 先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语(lost的主语),用who ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): On the 1,100-kilometer journey → 介词短语作状语 at the age of eight → 介词短语作时间状语 in a car accident → 介词短语作场景/地点状语 in three provinces → 介词短语作地点状语 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:Cao Shengkang crossed cities and counties. 定语从句:who lost his eyesight. 树状结构图: [On the 1,100-kilometer journey,] [the man Cao Shengkang] └── [, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,] [非限制性定语从句,修饰Cao Shengkang] [crossed] [40 cities and counties in three provinces] ⚠️ 核心考点: who在从句中作主语,不可省略 ⭐ 例4(2020全国III卷·语法填空)难度:★★★★☆ In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike. 树状结构图:① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:2个(lived, were) 结构类型:whose引导的限制性定语从句(完全倒装主句) ② 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句(完全倒装):In ancient China lived an artist.(正常语序:An artist lived in ancient China.) 限制性定语从句:______ paintings were almost lifelike → 修饰an artist 横线处关系词在从句中作paintings的定语(“他的画”),表示所属关系,用whose whose paintings = the artist’s paintings ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): In ancient China → 介词短语作地点状语,置于句首引起完全倒装 almost lifelike → 形容词短语作表语 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:An artist lived in ancient China. 定语从句:whose paintings were lifelike. [In ancient China] [lived] [an artist] [完全倒装] └── [______ paintings were almost lifelike] [限制性定语从句,whose作paintings的定语] ⚠️ 核心考点: whose在从句中作定语,修饰后面的名词 主句为完全倒装(地点状语 + 谓语 + 主语),增加句子复杂度 ⭐ 例5(2023全国乙卷·短文改错改编)难度:★★★★★ The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ______ hair color looked just perfect.① 全句观: 连词数:2个(which, 横线处)| 动词数:4个(chose, came, had, looked) 结构类型:which引导的限制性定语从句嵌套whose引导的限制性定语从句 ② 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:The color came in a box. 省略关系词的定语从句:(that/which)she chose → 修饰The color 限制性定语从句1(which引导):which had a picture of a woman → 修饰a box 树状结构图:限制性定语从句2(横线处):______ hair color looked just perfect → 修饰a woman,嵌套在which从句内部 横线处关系词在从句中作hair的定语(“她的头发颜色”),表示所属关系,用whose ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): she chose → 省略关系词的定语从句,修饰The color of a woman → 介词短语作定语,修饰picture hair color → 名词短语,受whose修饰 just perfect → 形容词短语作表语 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:The color came in a box. 定语从句1:which had a picture. 定语从句2:whose hair color looked perfect. 省略定语从句:she chose the color. [The color] [(that/which) she chose] [came in] [a box] └── [which had a picture of a woman] [限制性定语从句1,修饰box] └── [whose hair color looked just perfect] [限制性定语从句2,修饰woman] [whose作hair的定语] ⚠️ 核心考点: whose引导定语从句时,在从句中作定语,修饰后面的名词 2、 仿写练习 1. 语法填空与仿写练习 ⭐ 练1 原句(2023天津卷·单项填空): Their child is at the stage _________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. ① 请在横线上填入正确的关系词: ② 先行词stage表示什么?关系词在从句中作什么成分? ________ ③ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 练2 原句(2021天津卷·单项填空): William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _________ we can learn without repeating them. ① 请在横线上填入正确的“介词 + 关系词”: ② 介词from的选择依据是什么? ______________________________ ③ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 练3 原句(2020全国III卷·语法填空): In ancient China lived an artist _________ paintings were almost lifelike. ① 请在横线上填入正确的关系词: ② 该关系词在从句中作什么成分? ______________________________ ③ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 练4 ✍️【仿写任务】 任务说明: 请根据以下中文提示,写一段话(不少于50词),描述一个人或一件物品,至少使用1个whose引导的定语从句和1个分隔式定语从句。 提示: 描述一位家人、朋友或你珍视的物品。 你的仿写: _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 答案解析与仿写参考 ⭐ 练1 参考答案 ① 答案: where ② stage表示抽象地点(“阶段”),关系词在从句中作地点状语(= at the stage) ③ 翻译: 他们的孩子正处于能说出单个单词但还不能说出完整句子的阶段。 ⭐ 练2 参考答案 ① 答案: from which ② 依据从句中learn的搭配:learn from past mistakes(从过去的错误中学习) ③ 翻译: 威廉·哈斯蒂曾提出,历史告诉我们过去的错误,我们可以从中学习而不重蹈覆辙。 ⭐ 练3 参考答案 ① 答案: whose ② 在从句中作定语(修饰paintings,“他的画”) ③ 翻译: 中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。 ⭐ 练4 仿写参考 My grandfather is a man whose stories always fascinate me. He lives in a small house in the countryside, which he built with his own hands many years ago. The house, whose garden is full of flowers, is a place where I spent most of my childhood summers. (50 words) 3. 写作迁移 任务: 用定语从句写一段话(不少于50词),描述一个人或一件物品,至少使用1个whose引导的定语从句和1个分隔式定语从句。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 写作示范: My grandfather is a man whose stories always fascinate me. He lives in a small house in the countryside, which he built with his own hands many years ago. The house, whose garden is full of flowers, is a place where I spent most of my childhood summers.  学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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第04讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(四)-2027年高三英语一轮复习专项
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第04讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(四)-2027年高三英语一轮复习专项
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第04讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(四)-2027年高三英语一轮复习专项
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