内容正文:
Day 5 · 非谓语动词(一)
—— 现在分词与过去分词作状语/定语
目录
一、 典例分析 1
二、 仿写练习 5
1. 语法填空与仿写练习 5
2. 答案解析与仿写参考 6
3. 写作迁移 7
阶段目标:通过“五步四层剥离法”体会现在分词与过去分词在句子中作状语/定语。
1、 典例分析
⭐ 例1(2025全国II卷·语法填空)
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance to discover one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
① 全句观:
连词数:0个 | 动词数:4个(Growing, used, denying, to discover)
结构类型:现在分词作时间状语(Growing up)+ 现在分词作结果状语(denying)+ 不定式作目的状语(to dry)+ 不定式作后置定语(to discover)
② 第一层(并列切分):无并列连词
③ 第二层(主从定位):
主句主干:my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines.
现在分词作时间状语:Growing up(在我成长过程中,逻辑主语为my family and our neighbors,主动关系)
现在分词作结果状语:denying me the chance(表示主句动作带来的结果,逻辑主语为前面整件事)
不定式作目的状语:to dry clothing → 修饰used
不定式作后置定语:to discover one of the great wonders of sunshine → 修饰chance
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
after sunning clothes for an entire day → 介词短语作时间状语
of sunshine → 介词短语作定语,修饰wonders
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
主句:my family never used clotheslines.
分词状语1:Growing up. 分词状语2:denying me the chance.
不定式目的状语:to dry clothing. 不定式后置定语:to discover the wonders.
树状结构图:
[Growing up] [现在分词作时间状语]
[my family and our neighbors] [never used] [clotheslines]
└── [to dry clothing] [不定式作目的状语]
└── [, denying me the chance to discover one of the great wonders of sunshine]
[现在分词作结果状语]
└── [to discover the wonders] [不定式作后置定语,修饰chance]
⚠️ 核心考点:
现在分词作状语时,逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致(Growing up的逻辑主语是my family,主动关系)
denying作结果状语,表示主句动作带来的自然结果
⭐ 例2(2025全国II卷·语法填空)
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt left to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
树状结构图:① 全句观:
连词数:1个(If)| 动词数:3个(experienced, left, missing)
结构类型:If条件状语从句 + 过去分词作后置定语(left)
② 第一层(并列切分):
无并列连词
③ 第二层(主从定位):
条件状语从句(If引导):If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt
过去分词作后置定语:left to sun for a day → 修饰a sheet or shirt,表示“被放在太阳下晒了一天的”,被动/完成关系
主句主干:you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
from a sheet or shirt → 介词短语作状语
left to sun for a day → 过去分词短语作后置定语
well → 语气词
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
条件状语从句:you’ve experienced the scent.
主句:you’re missing out.
过去分词定语:left to sun.
[If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt]
[条件状语从句]
└── [left to sun for a day] [过去分词作后置定语,修饰shirt,被动关系]
[well] [you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders] [主句]
⚠️ 核心考点:
过去分词作定语表被动/完成(shirt被留在太阳下晒)
区分过去分词作定语与谓语动词:left前无be动词,作定语
⭐ 例3(2025北京卷·语法填空)
When traveling, we engage with cultures and experiences.
树状结构图:① 全句观:
连词数:1个(When)| 动词数:2个(traveling, engage)
结构类型:状语从句省略结构(when + 现在分词)
② 第一层(并列切分):
无并列连词
③ 第二层(主从定位):
主句主干:we engage with cultures and experiences.
状语从句省略结构:When traveling(= When we travel)
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
省略规则:状语从句的主语与主句主语一致(均为we),且从句谓语含有be动词,因此可以省略主语和be动词
with cultures and experiences → 介词短语作状语
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
完整形式:When we travel, we engage...
省略形式:When traveling, we engage...
[完整形式] When we travel, we engage with cultures and experiences.
[省略形式] When traveling, we engage with cultures and experiences.
↑ 省略了we(主语与主句一致)
⚠️ 核心考点:
状语从句省略的条件:主语一致 + 从句谓语含be动词
省略后,主动关系用现在分词(traveling)
⭐ 例4(2025全国I卷·语法填空)
We hope to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
树状结构图:① 全句观:
连词数:1个(and)| 动词数:3个(hope, to present, initiate)
结构类型:不定式作宾语(hope to do)+ 并列不定式省略to
② 第一层(并列切分):
and连接两个并列的不定式短语:
不定式1:to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context
不定式2:initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism(省略to)
③ 第二层(主从定位):
主句主干:We hope.
不定式短语1(作hope的宾语):to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context
不定式短语2(作hope的并列宾语,省略to):initiate dialogues
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
in a visual context → 介词短语作方式状语
with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism → 介词短语作状语
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
主句:We hope.
不定式1:to present the game.
不定式2:to initiate dialogues.
[We] [hope]
└── [to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context]
[不定式作宾语]
└── [and] [initiate dialogues with ...] [不定式作宾语,省略to]
⚠️ 核心考点:
hope to do sth.,不定式作宾语
并列不定式中,第二个及之后的不定式可以省略to
⭐ 例5(2025全国I卷·语法填空)
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
树状结构图:① 全句观:
连词数:1个(which)| 动词数:3个(is featuring, inspired, originated)
结构类型:过去分词作后置定语(inspired by Go)
② 第一层(并列切分):
无并列连词
③ 第二层(主从定位):
主句主干:An exhibition is featuring artwork.
过去分词作后置定语:inspired by Go → 修饰artwork,表示“被围棋启发的”,被动关系
非限制性定语从句(which引导):which originated in China → 修饰Go
④ 第三层(修饰剥离):
at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai → 介词短语作地点状语
or weiqi in Chinese → 同位语,解释Go
⑤ 第四层(最小单元):
主句:An exhibition is featuring artwork.
过去分词定语:inspired by Go.
定语从句:which originated in China.
[An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai] [is featuring] [artwork]
└── [inspired by Go] [过去分词作后置定语,表被动]
└── [, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago] [非限制性定语从句]
⚠️ 核心考点:
过去分词短语作后置定语,表被动/完成
与定语从句的转换:inspired by Go = which is inspired by Go
2、 仿写练习
1. 语法填空与仿写练习
⭐ 练1
原句(2025全国II卷·语法填空):
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, _________ me the chance to discover one of the great wonders of sunshine.
① 请在横线上填入正确的非谓语形式:
② 判断横线处作什么成分: ____________________________________
③ 横线处的逻辑主语是什么? __________________________________
④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________
⭐ 练2
原句(2025全国II卷·语法填空):
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt _________ to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
① 请在横线上填入正确的非谓语形式:
② 判断横线处作什么成分: ____________________________________
③ sheet/shirt与横线处动词之间是什么关系? ____________________
④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________
⭐ 练3
原句(2025北京卷·语法填空):
_________ traveling, we engage with cultures and experiences.
① 请在横线上填入正确的连词:
② 补全状语从句的完整形式: __________________________________
③ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________
⭐ 练4
原句(2025全国I卷·语法填空):
We hope _________ present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art.
① 请在横线上填入正确的非谓语形式:
② 判断横线处作什么成分: ____________________________________
③ 第二个动词initiate前是否需要加to? __(是/否)为什么?
④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________
⭐ 仿写任务5
任务说明: 请根据以下中文提示,写一段话(不少于50词) ,描述你成长过程中的一个习惯或经历,至少使用1个现在分词作状语和1个过去分词作后置定语。
提示: 描述你小时候常做的一件事,以及它对你的影响。
句式参考: Growing up, I... / The habit developed in my childhood...
你的仿写:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 答案解析与仿写参考
⭐ 练1 参考答案
① 答案: denying
② 现在分词作结果状语(表示主句动作带来的结果)
③ 逻辑主语是前面整件事(my family never used clotheslines to dry clothing这一事实)
④ 翻译: 在我的成长过程中,我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物,这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一。
⭐ 练2 参考答案
① 答案: left
② 过去分词作后置定语(修饰shirt)
③ 动宾关系/被动关系(shirt是被“留下”晒的)
④ 翻译: 如果你从未体验过床单或衬衫在太阳下晒一天后散发出的“阳光香气”,那你真是错过了生活中的一大奇迹。
⭐ 练3 参考答案
① 答案: When
② 完整形式: When we travel
③ 翻译: 旅行时,我们会接触不同的文化和体验。
⭐ 练4 参考答案
① 答案: to
② 不定式作宾语(hope to do)
③ 不需要加to(并列不定式中,第二个及之后的不定式可以省略to)
④ 翻译: 我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能,并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。
⭐ 练5 仿写参考
Growing up in a family of book lovers, I developed the habit of reading every night before bed. The books recommended by my grandmother opened up a whole new world to me.
3. 写作迁移
任务: 用非谓语动词写一段话(不少于50词),描述你成长过程中的一个习惯或经历,至少使用1个现在分词作状语和1个过去分词作后置定语。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
写作示范:
Growing up in a small coastal town, I spent most of my summers playing on the beach. The shells collected during those trips still remind me of the simple joys of childhood. Encouraged by my parents, I learned to appreciate the beauty of nature at an early age.
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