Unit 4 课时4 Section A Grammar Focus（大单元分层作业）英语新教材人教版九年级下册

Unit4 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 课时4 Section A (Grammar Focus)分层作业 A组巩固过关 C组思维拔高 B组能力进阶 拓展链接中考 ( 词汇 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/adj.自然环境的；生态环境的 well-known /ˌwelˈnəʊn/adj.众所周知的；著名的 disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/v.打扰；使焦虑 trap /træp/v.设陷阱捕捉；卡住n.陷阱；罗网 lamp /læmp/n.台灯；灯 bother /ˈbɒðə(r)/v.使（某人）烦恼；花费时间精力（做某事） loss /lɒs/n.丧失；亏损；丢失 句型 1. I never realized that t here are so many kinds of rubbish! 我从来没有意识到有这么多种类的垃圾！ 2. Do you know why air pollution is getting worse nowadays? 你知道为什么如今空气污染越来越严重吗？ 3. Unless everyone works together, we cannot deal with the environmental problem. 除非大家共同努力，否则我们无法解决环境问题。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ___________ adj. 自然环境的；生态环境的 2. ___________ adj. 众所周知的；著名的 3. ___________ v. 打扰；使焦虑 4. ___________ v. 设陷阱捕捉；卡住 n. 陷阱；罗网 5. ___________ n. 台灯；灯 6. ___________ v. 使（某人）烦恼 7. ___________ n. 丧失；亏损；丢失 【答案】environmental; well-known; disturb; trap; lamp; bother; loss 二、词组默写 1. 光污染 _______________________ 2. 噪声污染 _______________________ 3. 环境问题 _______________________ 4. 众所周知 _______________________ 5. 使某人烦恼 _______________________ 6. 听力或记忆力丧失 _______________________ 7. 街灯 _______________________ 8. 交通事故 _______________________ 9. 共同努力；合作 _______________________ 10. 被困住 _______________________ 【答案】light pollution; noise pollution; the environmental problem; be well-known; bother sb.; hearing or memory loss; street lamps; traffic accidents; work together; get trapped 三、选择方框中的连接词填空 ( | that | whether | why | unless | as soon as | ) 1. I wonder ________ we should throw away or reuse this plastic bottle. 2. He told me ________ he was really worried about air pollution. 3. Can you tell me ________ the smog is so thick in winter? 4. We cannot deal with the environmental problem ________ everyone works together. 5. ________ the rubbish arrives, it is organized into different groups. 【答案】1. whether 2. that 3. why 4. unless 5. As soon as 【详解】 1. whether：whether...or... "是……还是……"，宾语从句中表示"是否"，与 or 搭配时只能用 whether。 2. that：宾语从句陈述事实，that 引导，可省略。 3. why：连接副词，表示原因"为什么"。 4. unless：除非，引导条件状语从句，"如果不大家合作就不能解决"。 5. As soon as：一……就……，垃圾一到就被分类，时间状语从句。 四、句式转换（合并为含宾语从句的复合句） 1. Where does light pollution come from? Do you know? Do you know ________ light pollution ________ from? 2. Why is the smog so thick in winter? Can you tell me? Can you tell me ________ the smog ________ thick in winter? 3. What can we do about noise pollution? I want to know it. I want to know ________ we ________ ________ about noise pollution. 4. Is there too much rubbish? He asked me. He asked me ________ ________ ________ too much rubbish.（连接词用 if 或 whether 均可） 【答案】 1. where; comes 2. why; is 3. what; can do 4. if/whether; there was 【详解】 1. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主语 light pollution 为第三人称单数，谓语用 comes；疑问词 where 保留。 2. 疑问词 why 保留，从句改为陈述语序 is the smog → the smog is。 3. 疑问词 what 保留，从句改为陈述语序 we can do。 4. 一般疑问句变宾语从句用 if/whether 引导（"是否"），从句改为陈述语序，且主句 asked 为过去时，从句 is 相应变为 was（时态呼应）。 五、单项选择 1. Do you know ______? A. what is light pollution B. what light pollution is C. how is light pollution caused D. how light pollution is causing 【答案】B 【详解】宾语从句必须用陈述语序，排除 A、C；light pollution 与 cause 之间是被动关系，应为 is caused，排除 D。 2. I wonder ______ the plastic bottle should be thrown away or reused. A. that B. whether C. why D. how 【答案】B 【详解】whether...or... 为固定结构，表示"是……还是……"，引导宾语从句；that 不与 or 搭配。 3. We cannot win the fight against pollution ______ everyone works together. A. unless B. if C. because D. when 【答案】A 【详解】unless 意为"除非；如果不"，引导条件状语从句；主句为否定含义，从句用肯定形式。 4. ______ the smog disappeared, she coughed less and slept better. A. While B. Unless C. As soon as D. Whether 【答案】C 【详解】as soon as 表示"一……就……"，烟雾一消散，她咳嗽就少了；while 表"尽管/当……时"，unless 表"除非"，均不合句意。 5. Some insects get trapped and die in street lamps ______ they are attracted to the light. A. because B. unless C. whether D. until 【答案】A 【详解】because 引导原因状语从句，昆虫被困死于街灯是"因为"它们被灯光吸引。 六、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Light pollution is a problem that most people are not aware of. It is caused by street and building lights. Most people do not realize 1.________ it can harm their health, causing eye problems or 2.________ (disturb) their sleep. Sometimes, the light on a road is 3.________ bright 4.________ it causes traffic accidents. Light pollution harms animals as well. Some insects get 5.________ (trap) and die in street lamps 6.________ they are attracted to the light. 7.________ we do not pay attention to this problem now, the situation will become even 8.________ (bad). It is well-known 9.________ light pollution does harm to both people and animals, 10.________ we must take action to deal with it. 【答案】 1. that 2. disturbing 3. so 4. that 5. trapped 6. because 7. If 8. worse 9. that 10. so 【详解】 1. that：realize 后接宾语从句，陈述事实用 that 引导。 2. disturbing：与 causing 并列，or 连接两个动名词短语作伴随结果。 3. so 4. that：so + adj. + that... "如此……以至于"，中间填 so、that。 5. trapped：get trapped 被困住，get + 过去分词表被动。 6. because：引导原因状语从句，昆虫被困死是因为被灯光吸引。 7. If：if 引导条件状语从句，遵循"主将从现"。 8. worse：even 修饰比较级，become even worse 变得更加糟糕。 9. that：It is well-known that... 固定句型，"众所周知……"。 10. so：前后为因果关系，"因此我们必须采取行动"。 七、根据要求完成句子 1. I never realized ________ ________ are so many kinds of rubbish! 我从来没有意识到有这么多种类的垃圾！ 2. Do you know ________ air pollution is ________ worse nowadays? 你知道为什么如今空气污染越来越严重吗？ 3. ________ everyone works together, we cannot deal with the environmental problem. 除非大家共同努力，否则我们无法解决环境问题。 4. ________ recycling is good, not everything can be recycled. 尽管回收利用是好事，但并非所有东西都能被回收。 5. Noise pollution can ________ people so ________ they suffer from hearing or memory ________. 噪声污染会使人们烦恼，以至于他们遭受听力或记忆力丧失。 【答案】1. that there 2. why; getting 3. Unless 4. While 5. bother; that; loss 【详解】 1. that 引导宾语从句，陈述语序；there be 句型保留陈述语序 that there are。 2. why 连接副词引导宾语从句；is getting worse 变得越来越糟。 3. Unless 引导条件状语从句，"除非"，主句为否定句。 4. While 引导让步状语从句，"尽管"。 5. bother sb. 使某人烦恼；so that 如此……以至于；hearing or memory loss 听力或记忆力丧失。 八、语法选择 Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets. That’s because 1 new cars are produced. One out of every six Americans works at 2 together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars with gas. Americans won’t live without cars! Most Americans find it hard to think what life would be like without a car. 3 , some have realized the serious problem of air pollution by cars. 4 polluted air is poisonous (有毒的) and dangerous to health. One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a new kind of car. That’s what several of the large car factories 5 to do now. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow. Another way is to take the place of the car engine by 6 . Engineers are now working on some new cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model 7 satisfies man. 8 the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their cars. They are encouraged to travel and go to work by bike. Riding a bike is thought to help keep the air clean. But this change does not come 9 —a large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. And the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment (失业). 10 cars have brought us a better life, they have also brought us new problems. 1．A．millions of B．million of C．millions D．million 2．A．put B．to put C．putting D．has put 3．A．But B．However C．And D．So 4．A．A B．An C．The D．/ 5．A．tried B．will try C．are trying D．was trying 6．A．something else B．anything else C．else something D．else anything 7．A．who B．where C．that D．whom 8．A．Prevent B．Preventing C．To prevent D．Prevented 9．A．easy B．easier C．easily D．more easily 10．A．But B．Because C．Since D．Although 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了汽车数量增加带来的空气污染问题，以及解决这一问题的可能方法，包括研发新型汽车和改变出行方式等，同时也指出了这些改变可能带来的新问题。 【详解】1．句意：那是因为每年生产数百万辆新车。 millions of数百万的；million of表述错误；millions数百万，复数形式；million百万，单数形式。根据“Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets. That’s because…new cars are produced.”可知，每年生产的新车数量是数百万的，millions of表示泛指“数百万的”，符合语境，故选A。 2．句意：每六个美国人中就有一个从事汽车零部件组装、驾驶卡车、修建道路或给汽车加油的工作。 put放；to put动词不定式；putting动名词；has put现在完成时。根据“One out of every six Americans works at…together the parts of cars…”可知，此处是固定短语work at doing sth.“从事于做某事”，应用动名词形式，故选C。 3．句意：然而，一些人已经意识到汽车造成的空气污染的严重问题。 But但是；However然而；And和；So所以。根据“Most Americans find it hard to think what life would be like without a car…some have realized the serious problem of air pollution by cars.”可知，前后句之间是转折关系，且空格后有逗号隔开，应用however表示转折，故选B。 4．句意：被污染的空气是有毒的，对健康有害。 A一个，不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；An一个，不定冠词，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；The定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据“…polluted air is poisonous (有毒的) and dangerous to health.”可知，此处特指被汽车污染的空气，应用定冠词the修饰，故选C。 5．句意：这就是几家大型汽车工厂现在正在努力做的。 tried尝试，过去式；will try将会尝试，一般将来时；are trying正在尝试，现在进行时；was trying正在尝试，过去进行时。根据“That’s what several of the large car factories…to do now.”可知，此处描述的是现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，故选C。 6．句意：另一种方法是用别的东西代替汽车发动机。 something else别的东西，用于肯定句；anything else别的东西，用于否定句和疑问句；else something表述错误；else anything表述错误。根据“Another way is to take the place of the car engine by…”可知，此处是指用别的东西代替汽车发动机，且句子是肯定句，应用something else，故选A。 7．句意：许多制造商认为，要开发出一种满足人类需求的实用车型需要数年时间。 who谁；where哪里；that引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，指物或人；whom谁，宾格形式。根据“Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model…satisfies man.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是model，指物，在从句中作主语，应用that引导，故选C。 8．句意：为了防止世界被汽车污染，我们必须改变我们许多人的生活方式。 Prevent阻止，动词原形；Preventing阻止，动名词；To prevent阻止，动词不定式；Prevented阻止，过去式。根据“…the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes…”可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了防止世界被汽车污染”，故选C。 9．句意：但这种改变来之不易——如果一家汽车厂关闭，大量工人可能会失业。 easy容易的；easier更容易的；easily容易地；more easily更容易地。根据“But this change does not come…a large number of workers may find themselves without jobs…”可知，此处修饰动词come，应用副词形式，且根据语境可知，这种改变不是容易实现的，应用原级easily，故选C。 10．句意：虽然汽车给我们带来了更好的生活，但也给我们带来了新的问题。 But但是；Because因为；Since自从；Although虽然。根据“…cars have brought us a better life, they have also brought us new problems.”可知，前后句之间是让步关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选D。 九、阅读理解 A Want to find a book to help your children learn about pollution? Here’re some for you. By Neal Layton In the book, children can learn where plastic comes from, why plastic doesn’t biodegrade (生物降解) easily, and why it’s dangerous for animals and people. The book is also full of ideas about how young children can help! By Jess French This book will teach young children some facts about the waste from our daily life and where it goes. It also provides a lot of ideas on how to save our seas and how to turn our waste into something useful. By N.G.K. and Sylva Fae In the book, your children can join Harry and his friends to learn about plastic pollution in the sea. Harry meets a whale and it gets in trouble. He learns about the problem of plastic pollution in our seas from the whale, and Harry thinks he needs to do something about it. By Lauren Child In this book, you’ll read a story of Charlie and Lola. Charlie encouraged Lola to recycle old toys. Lola found a recycling competition: If she recycled 100 kinds of plastic and paper in two weeks, she could grow real trees. She asked her classmates for help, and they turned out to be great recyclers. 11．Who is the passage written for? A．Children. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Writers. 12．What questions does the first book answer? a. Where does plastic go in the end? b. Why is plastic dangerous for people? c. Why is it hard for plastic to biodegrade? d. How can children help reduce plastic pollution? A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 13．Whose books talk about turning waste into useful things? A．Neal Layton’s and Jess French’s. B．Jess French’s and N.G.K.’s. C．Jess French’s and Lauren Child’s. D．N.G.K.’s and Lauren Child’s. 14．From the story of Harry Saves The Ocean, we know that ________. A．Harry is a whale B．Harry meets his friends in the sea C．the whale helps Harry out of trouble D．the whale lets Harry know about plastic pollution in the sea 15．The passage is most probably from ________. A．a magazine B．a dictionary C．a noticeboard D．a travel guide 【答案】11．B 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文向读者推荐了四本帮助儿童了解污染相关知识的书籍，分别介绍了每本书的作者与核心内容。 【详解】11．根据开头“Want to find a book to help your children learn about pollution? Here’re some for you.”可知，本文是向家长推荐适合孩子的书籍，因此读者对象是父母。 12．第一本书提到“learn where plastic comes from, why plastic doesn’t biodegrade easily, and why it’s dangerous for animals and people. The book is also full of ideas about how young children can help!”对应选项b（对人和动物危险）、c（难以生物降解）、d（孩子如何帮助减少塑料污染），未提及a（塑料最终去哪）。 13．Jess French的书提到“how to turn our waste into something useful”；Lauren Child的书讲述Lola通过回收旧玩具和塑料纸张参加竞赛并种树，也涉及废物利用。Neal Layton和N.G.K.的书未提到“变废为宝”。 14．根据N.G.K.部分“He learns about the problem of plastic pollution in our seas from the whale”可知，鲸鱼让Harry了解了海洋塑料污染问题。 15．文章是面向家长的儿童环保主题书籍推荐内容，这类内容通常刊载在杂志上，因此这篇文章最可能来自杂志。 B 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Plastic has become one of the 16 (big) environmental problems today. It was first invented in the 19th century, 17 it wasn’t until the 1950s that it became widely used. People loved it because it was cheap and 18 (easy) to produce. However, we now know that plastic is very difficult 19 (get) rid of. It can stay in the environment for thousands of years. Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic waste 20 (dump) into the ocean. This harms marine life. Many animals mistake plastic 21 food and die. Plastic also affects humans. Tiny plastic particles have been found in our food, water, and even the air. 22 average, we may consume a credit card’s worth of plastic every week. So what can we do? We can reduce our use of single-use plastic, recycle more, and support companies that use 23 (sustain) materials. Governments can also make laws to limit plastic production. But the most important thing is to raise 24 (aware) about this issue. Everyone has a role to play 25 protecting our planet from plastic pollution. 【答案】 16．biggest 17．but 18．easy 19．to get 20．are dumped 21．for 22．On 23．sustainable 24．awareness 25．in 【导语】本文介绍了塑料成为当今最大环境问题之一的原因、其对海洋生物和人类健康的危害，以及个人、企业和政府可以采取的措施来减少塑料污染。 【详解】16．句意：塑料已成为当今最大的环境问题之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”。“big”的最高级为“biggest”。 17．句意：它最早发明于19世纪，但直到20世纪50年代才开始广泛使用。前后句为转折关系，需用转折连词“but”。 18．句意：人们喜欢它，因为它便宜且易于生产。与“cheap”并列，需用形容词“easy”，意为“容易的”。 19．句意：然而，我们现在知道塑料很难摆脱。“be difficult to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“做某事是困难的”，需用动词不定式“to get”。 20．句意：每年约有800万吨塑料垃圾被倾倒入海洋。主语“about 8 million tons of plastic waste”与谓语动词“dump”之间为被动关系，且时间状语“Every year”表示经常发生的动作，需用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“are + 过去分词”，dump的过去分词为dumped。 21．句意：许多动物将塑料误认为食物而死亡。“mistake...for...”是固定搭配，意为“把……误认为……”，需用介词“for”。 22．句意：平均而言，我们每周可能摄入相当于一张信用卡重量的塑料。“on average”是固定短语，意为“平均而言”，需用介词“On”，句首首字母大写。 23．句意：我们可以减少一次性塑料的使用，增加回收利用，并支持使用可持续材料的公司。修饰名词“materials”，需用形容词作定语。“sustain”的形容词形式为“sustainable”，意为“可持续的”。 24．句意：但最重要的是提高对此问题的认识。动词“raise”后需接名词作宾语。“aware”的名词形式为“awareness”，意为“意识”。 25． 句意：每个人在保护我们的地球免受塑料污染方面都有一份责任。“play a role in doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“在做某事中发挥作用”，需用介词“in”。 一、完形填空 （2025山东廊坊中考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There are over fifty different types of plastics. Many of them are used 26 packaging (包装). Most plastics do not break down and a lot of them are not recyclable. When they are 27 , they can pollute the air and make it very dangerous. One of the most popular plastics used in making bottles is called PET. This can be recycled. Plastics 28 PET need to be labeled so they can be collected easily for recycling. In America, PET is recycled and used to make 29 things, such as flowerpots and milk crates. In Germany some bottles are made from a type of plastic which breaks down in strong 30 or when buried. 31 this is expensive and the bottles might break while they are being need. Nearly all the things you buy from the supermarket are wrapped in something. 32 fruit and vegetables are wrapped in plastic or in plastic bags. When we use these things, we usually 33 the packaging. Packaging keeps food 34 . It protects the food and also gives us information about the product. But is it all necessary? If you add up all the packaging, it comes to a lot. Try not to buy things that use a lot of plastic. You’d better 35 your old plastic containers for keeping things. 26．A．at B．on C．to D．for 27．A．burnt B．heated C．bought D．used 28．A．as B．by C．like D．with 29．A．dry B．new C．heavy D．natural 30．A．wind B．smell C．storm D．sunlight 31．A．Or B．So C．But D．And 32．A．Yet B．Even C．Still D．Always 33．A．put up B．pick up C．give away D．throw away 34．A．warm B．clear C．fresh D．delicious 35．A．reuse B．return C．repair D．reduce 【答案】 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了塑料包装的广泛使用及其对环境的影响，并提出了一些减少塑料使用的方法。 【详解】26．句意：许多塑料用于包装。 at在；on在……上；to到；for为了。be used for“用于……”，结合“packaging (包装).”可知，应该说塑料被用于包装。故选D。 27．句意：当它们被焚烧时，它们会污染空气并使其非常危险。 burnt焚烧；heated加热；bought购买；used 使用。根据“they can pollute the air and make it very dangerous”可知，焚烧塑料会污染空气，用burnt。故选A。 28．句意：像PET这样的塑料需要贴标签，以便可以轻松收集进行回收。 as作为；by通过；like像；with和。根据“PET”可知，此处表示“像PET这样的塑料”，用like。故选C。 29．句意：在美国，PET被回收并用于制造新东西，如花盆和牛奶箱。 dry干的；new新的；heavy重的；natural自然的。根据“such as flowerpots and milk crates”可知，此处表示“制造像花盆和牛奶箱等这样的新东西”，用new。故选B。 30．句意：在德国，一些瓶子是由一种在强烈阳光下或埋藏时可分解的塑料制成的。 wind风；smell气味；storm风暴；sunlight阳光。根据“breaks down in strong”及常识可知，此处表示“在强烈阳光下分解”，用sunlight。故选D。 31．句意：但这是昂贵的，并且瓶子可能在使用时破裂。 Or或者；So所以；But但是；And和。前后两句表示转折关系，用but连接。故选C。 32．句意：甚至水果和蔬菜也用塑料或塑料袋包装。 Yet然而；Even甚至；Still仍然；Always总是。根据上文“Nearly all the things you buy from the supermarket are wrapped in something.”和“fruit and vegetables”可知，此处表示“甚至水果和蔬菜也用塑料包装”，强调用even。故选B。 33．句意：当我们使用这些东西时，我们通常会扔掉包装。 put up举起；pick up捡起；give away赠送；throw away扔掉。根据“When we use these things”可知，使用东西时包装得扔掉。故选D。 34．句意：包装保持食物新鲜。 warm温暖的；clear清晰的；fresh新鲜的；delicious美味的。根据下文“It protects the food and also gives us information about the product.”可知，包装保护食物，使食物保持新鲜。故选C。 35．句意：你最好重复使用旧的塑料容器来存放东西。 reuse重复使用；return返回；repair修理；reduce 减少。根据上文“Try not to buy things that use a lot of plastic.”可知，不要购买使用大量塑料制成的东西，说明此处建议旧塑料容器可重复使用。故选A。 $Unit4 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 课时4 Section A (Grammar Focus)分层作业 A组巩固过关 C组思维拔高 B组能力进阶 拓展链接中考 ( 词汇 __________ /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/adj.自然环境的；生态环境的 __________ /ˌwelˈnəʊn/adj.众所周知的；著名的 __________ /dɪˈstɜːb/v.打扰；使焦虑 __________ /træp/v.设陷阱捕捉；卡住n.陷阱；罗网 __________ /læmp/n.台灯；灯 __________ /ˈbɒðə(r)/v.使（某人）烦恼；花费时间精力（做某事） __________ /lɒs/n.丧失；亏损；丢失 句型 1. I never realized _________ _ there a re so many kinds of rubbish! 我从来没有意识到有这么多种类的垃圾！ 2. Do you know __________ air pollution is getting worse nowadays? 你知道为什么如今空气污染越来越严重吗？ 3. __________ everyone works together, we cannot deal with the environmental problem. 除非大家共同努力，否则我们无法解决环境问题。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ___________ adj. 自然环境的；生态环境的 2. ___________ adj. 众所周知的；著名的 3. ___________ v. 打扰；使焦虑 4. ___________ v. 设陷阱捕捉；卡住 n. 陷阱；罗网 5. ___________ n. 台灯；灯 6. ___________ v. 使（某人）烦恼 7. ___________ n. 丧失；亏损；丢失 二、词组默写 1. 光污染 _______________________ 2. 噪声污染 _______________________ 3. 环境问题 _______________________ 4. 众所周知 _______________________ 5. 使某人烦恼 _______________________ 6. 听力或记忆力丧失 _______________________ 7. 街灯 _______________________ 8. 交通事故 _______________________ 9. 共同努力；合作 _______________________ 10. 被困住 _______________________ 三、选择方框中的连接词填空 ( | that | whether | why | unless | as soon as | ) 1. I wonder ________ we should throw away or reuse this plastic bottle. 2. He told me ________ he was really worried about air pollution. 3. Can you tell me ________ the smog is so thick in winter? 4. We cannot deal with the environmental problem ________ everyone works together. 5. ________ the rubbish arrives, it is organized into different groups. 四、句式转换（合并为含宾语从句的复合句） 1. Where does light pollution come from? Do you know? Do you know ________ light pollution ________ from? 2. Why is the smog so thick in winter? Can you tell me? Can you tell me ________ the smog ________ thick in winter? 3. What can we do about noise pollution? I want to know it. I want to know ________ we ________ ________ about noise pollution. 4. Is there too much rubbish? He asked me. He asked me ________ ________ ________ too much rubbish.（连接词用 if 或 whether 均可） 五、单项选择 1. Do you know ______? A. what is light pollution B. what light pollution is C. how is light pollution caused D. how light pollution is causing 2. I wonder ______ the plastic bottle should be thrown away or reused. A. that B. whether C. why D. how 3. We cannot win the fight against pollution ______ everyone works together. A. unless B. if C. because D. when 4. ______ the smog disappeared, she coughed less and slept better. A. While B. Unless C. As soon as D. Whether 5. Some insects get trapped and die in street lamps ______ they are attracted to the light. A. because B. unless C. whether D. until 六、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Light pollution is a problem that most people are not aware of. It is caused by street and building lights. Most people do not realize 1.________ it can harm their health, causing eye problems or 2.________ (disturb) their sleep. Sometimes, the light on a road is 3.________ bright 4.________ it causes traffic accidents. Light pollution harms animals as well. Some insects get 5.________ (trap) and die in street lamps 6.________ they are attracted to the light. 7.________ we do not pay attention to this problem now, the situation will become even 8.________ (bad). It is well-known 9.________ light pollution does harm to both people and animals, 10.________ we must take action to deal with it. 七、根据要求完成句子 1. I never realized ________ ________ are so many kinds of rubbish! 我从来没有意识到有这么多种类的垃圾！ 2. Do you know ________ air pollution is ________ worse nowadays? 你知道为什么如今空气污染越来越严重吗？ 3. ________ everyone works together, we cannot deal with the environmental problem. 除非大家共同努力，否则我们无法解决环境问题。 4. ________ recycling is good, not everything can be recycled. 尽管回收利用是好事，但并非所有东西都能被回收。 5. Noise pollution can ________ people so ________ they suffer from hearing or memory ________. 噪声污染会使人们烦恼，以至于他们遭受听力或记忆力丧失。 八、语法选择 Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets. That’s because 1 new cars are produced. One out of every six Americans works at 2 together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars with gas. Americans won’t live without cars! Most Americans find it hard to think what life would be like without a car. 3 , some have realized the serious problem of air pollution by cars. 4 polluted air is poisonous (有毒的) and dangerous to health. One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a new kind of car. That’s what several of the large car factories 5 to do now. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow. Another way is to take the place of the car engine by 6 . Engineers are now working on some new cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model 7 satisfies man. 8 the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their cars. They are encouraged to travel and go to work by bike. Riding a bike is thought to help keep the air clean. But this change does not come 9 —a large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. And the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment (失业). 10 cars have brought us a better life, they have also brought us new problems. 1．A．millions of B．million of C．millions D．million 2．A．put B．to put C．putting D．has put 3．A．But B．However C．And D．So 4．A．A B．An C．The D．/ 5．A．tried B．will try C．are trying D．was trying 6．A．something else B．anything else C．else something D．else anything 7．A．who B．where C．that D．whom 8．A．Prevent B．Preventing C．To prevent D．Prevented 9．A．easy B．easier C．easily D．more easily 10．A．But B．Because C．Since D．Although 九、阅读理解 A Want to find a book to help your children learn about pollution? Here’re some for you. By Neal Layton In the book, children can learn where plastic comes from, why plastic doesn’t biodegrade (生物降解) easily, and why it’s dangerous for animals and people. The book is also full of ideas about how young children can help! By Jess French This book will teach young children some facts about the waste from our daily life and where it goes. It also provides a lot of ideas on how to save our seas and how to turn our waste into something useful. By N.G.K. and Sylva Fae In the book, your children can join Harry and his friends to learn about plastic pollution in the sea. Harry meets a whale and it gets in trouble. He learns about the problem of plastic pollution in our seas from the whale, and Harry thinks he needs to do something about it. By Lauren Child In this book, you’ll read a story of Charlie and Lola. Charlie encouraged Lola to recycle old toys. Lola found a recycling competition: If she recycled 100 kinds of plastic and paper in two weeks, she could grow real trees. She asked her classmates for help, and they turned out to be great recyclers. 11．Who is the passage written for? A．Children. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Writers. 12．What questions does the first book answer? a. Where does plastic go in the end? b. Why is plastic dangerous for people? c. Why is it hard for plastic to biodegrade? d. How can children help reduce plastic pollution? A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 13．Whose books talk about turning waste into useful things? A．Neal Layton’s and Jess French’s. B．Jess French’s and N.G.K.’s. C．Jess French’s and Lauren Child’s. D．N.G.K.’s and Lauren Child’s. 14．From the story of Harry Saves The Ocean, we know that ________. A．Harry is a whale B．Harry meets his friends in the sea C．the whale helps Harry out of trouble D．the whale lets Harry know about plastic pollution in the sea 15．The passage is most probably from ________. A．a magazine B．a dictionary C．a noticeboard D．a travel guide B 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Plastic has become one of the 16 (big) environmental problems today. It was first invented in the 19th century, 17 it wasn’t until the 1950s that it became widely used. People loved it because it was cheap and 18 (easy) to produce. However, we now know that plastic is very difficult 19 (get) rid of. It can stay in the environment for thousands of years. Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic waste 20 (dump) into the ocean. This harms marine life. Many animals mistake plastic 21 food and die. Plastic also affects humans. Tiny plastic particles have been found in our food, water, and even the air. 22 average, we may consume a credit card’s worth of plastic every week. So what can we do? We can reduce our use of single-use plastic, recycle more, and support companies that use 23 (sustain) materials. Governments can also make laws to limit plastic production. But the most important thing is to raise 24 (aware) about this issue. Everyone has a role to play 25 protecting our planet from plastic pollution. 一、完形填空 （2025山东廊坊中考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There are over fifty different types of plastics. Many of them are used 26 packaging (包装). Most plastics do not break down and a lot of them are not recyclable. When they are 27 , they can pollute the air and make it very dangerous. One of the most popular plastics used in making bottles is called PET. This can be recycled. Plastics 28 PET need to be labeled so they can be collected easily for recycling. In America, PET is recycled and used to make 29 things, such as flowerpots and milk crates. In Germany some bottles are made from a type of plastic which breaks down in strong 30 or when buried. 31 this is expensive and the bottles might break while they are being need. Nearly all the things you buy from the supermarket are wrapped in something. 32 fruit and vegetables are wrapped in plastic or in plastic bags. When we use these things, we usually 33 the packaging. Packaging keeps food 34 . It protects the food and also gives us information about the product. But is it all necessary? If you add up all the packaging, it comes to a lot. Try not to buy things that use a lot of plastic. You’d better 35 your old plastic containers for keeping things. 26．A．at B．on C．to D．for 27．A．burnt B．heated C．bought D．used 28．A．as B．by C．like D．with 29．A．dry B．new C．heavy D．natural 30．A．wind B．smell C．storm D．sunlight 31．A．Or B．So C．But D．And 32．A．Yet B．Even C．Still D．Always 33．A．put up B．pick up C．give away D．throw away 34．A．warm B．clear C．fresh D．delicious 35．A．reuse B．return C．repair D．reduce $Unit 4 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 课时4 Section A (Grammar Focus)分层作业 A组巩固过关 C组思维拔高 B组能力进阶 拓展链接中考 ( 词汇 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/adj.自然环境的；生态环境的 well-known /ˌwelˈnəʊn/adj.众所周知的；著名的 disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/v.打扰；使焦虑 trap /træp/v.设陷阱捕捉；卡住n.陷阱；罗网 lamp /læmp/n.台灯；灯 bother /ˈbɒðə(r)/v.使（某人）烦恼；花费时间精力（做某事） loss /lɒs/n.丧失；亏损；丢失 句型 1. I never realized that t here are so many kinds of rubbish! 我从来没有意识到有这么多种类的垃圾！ 2. Do you know why air pollution is getting worse nowadays? 你知道为什么如今空气污染越来越严重吗？ 3. Unless everyone works together, we cannot deal with the environmental problem. 除非大家共同努力，否则我们无法解决环境问题。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】environmental; well-known; disturb; trap; lamp; bother; loss 二、词组默写 【答案】light pollution; noise pollution; the environmental problem; be well-known; bother sb.; hearing or memory loss; street lamps; traffic accidents; work together; get trapped 三、选择方框中的连接词填空 【答案】1. whether 2. that 3. why 4. unless 5. As soon as 四、句式转换（合并为含宾语从句的复合句） 【答案】 1. where; comes 2. why; is 3. what; can do 4. if/whether; there was 五、单项选择 BBACA 六、语法填空 【答案】 1. that 2. disturbing 3. so 4. that 5. trapped 6. because 7. If 8. worse 9. that 10. so 七、根据要求完成句子 【答案】1. that there 2. why; getting 3. Unless 4. While 5. bother; that; loss 八、语法选择 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．C 10．D 九、阅读理解 A 【答案】11．B 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．A B 【答案】 16．biggest 17．but 18．easy 19．to get 20．are dumped 21．for 22．On 23．sustainable 24．awareness 25．in 一、完形填空 （2025山东廊坊中考） 【答案】 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A $