专题02 阅读理解（说明文+记叙文）（学考真题汇编，江苏专用）2027年高中英语

专题02 阅读理解（说明文+记叙文） Passage 1 （2026·江苏·学业水平合格考）Recycling Smartphones: Why It Matters Every year, millions of old smartphones are thrown away. But these devices contain valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper. If recycled properly, one ton of phones can yield more gold than 17 tons of gold ore! However, only about 20% of e-waste is recycled globally. Most ends up in landfills, leaking harmful chemicals into soil and water. In China, new laws now require companies to take back old electronics and recycle them responsibly. Experts suggest three steps: ·Donate or sell your working phone. ·Wipe all data before disposal. ·Take it to a certified recycling center, not the trash bin. “Recycling isn’t just eco-friendly — it’s smart economics,” says environmental scientist Ms. Chen. “We’re wasting precious resources every time we toss a phone.” 1.What can be found in old smartphones? A. Plastic bottles. B. Gold and silver. C. Paper and wood. D. Food waste. 2.What percentage of e-waste is recycled worldwide? A. About 10%. B. About 20%. C. About 50%. D. About 80%. 3.What should you do BEFORE recycling your phone? A. Break it into pieces. B. Delete all personal data. C. Paint it a new color. D. Keep it for ten years. 4.What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To advertise new phones. B. To explain phone design. C. To encourage phone recycling. D. To criticize phone companies. Passage 2 （2026·江苏·学业水平合格考）A new cross-disciplinary field termed “cosmic (宇宙的) heritage studies” has been proposed by an international team of archaeologists and space physicists. This discipline focuses on identifying, documenting and preserving historical objects from humanity’s ventures into space, treating them as valuable cultural heritage rather than mere space junk. “The objects we’ve left in space and on other planets and moons tell the story of human technological achievement and exploration spirit,” said Dr. Maria Chen, lead researcher from the European Space Heritage Foundation. “With increasing commercial space activities, these artifacts face never-before-seen risks of damage or destruction if not properly protected.” The concept builds upon traditional archaeological principles but adapts them to the unique conditions of space environment. Unlike Earth-based archaeology that deals with centuries-old artifacts, cosmic heritage must consider factors like radiation exposure, low-gravity effects, and orbital decay (衰减) that affect preservation. A central challenge for cosmic heritage researchers involves establishing criteria for what is considered as significant space heritage. “While obviously historically important items like the first satellite Sputnik or Apollo landing sites deserve protection, we also need to consider more recent objects that represent technological milestones,” Dr. Chen explained. The international community currently debates whether to preserve all human-made objects in space or only selected historically significant ones. The team recommends establishing an international record-keeping system for space artifacts and developing low-impact documentation methods using remote sensing technology. “We’re not suggesting we bring everything back to museums,” Dr. Chen clarified. “In many cases, digital preservation through high-resolution imaging and 3D modeling may be the most practical approach.” As space becomes increasingly accessible, cosmic heritage studies aim to ensure that future generations can understand and appreciate the material evidence of humanity’s first steps beyond Earth. The researchers hope their work will inform international space policy and promote responsible management of off-Earth cultural resources. 1.Why does Dr. Chen advocate for treating space objects as heritage? A. For their commercial value. B. For their historical stories. C. For their rescue urgency. D. For their display potential. 2.How does Dr. Chen view the current protection situation? A. Urgent due to commercial growth. B. Challenging due to harsh space conditions. C. Complex due to unclear ownership. D. Manageable with current laws. 3.What is the key challenge mentioned in paragraph 4? A. Agreeing on preservation technology. B. Setting international protection rules. C. Finding long-term conservation funds. D. Deciding which objects to protect. 4.What is the principle behind Dr. Chen’s recommended preservation method? A. Bringing items back to Earth. B. Building bases at sites. C. Using remote, low-impact tech. D. Making strict space laws. Passage 3 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Imagine walking halfway around Australia as a kid… well, this year you can do just that. Kids News is calling on schools to host a walkathon (徒步马拉松) in May to see if schoolchildren can work together and actually walk the distance from at least Adelaide to Brisbane. That’s about 2,500 km if you walked through Melbourne and Sydney, which is a really long way. But if enough schools join in, it’s possible. It’s part of Kids News’ Health of the Nation campaign, which aims to get Australian kids moving in 2024 and thinking about ways to improve their health. Sam Wood, a famous fitness trainer, believes kids who walk regularly in their childhood — whether to school each day or around the park with the family dog — are setting themselves up for an active adulthood where walking becomes a habit in their daily routine. “People think it doesn’t make you fit, but they’re wrong,” Wood said. “If you are looking for something you can do anytime and anywhere, just get out and get yourself walking. It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long, the great thing about walking is whether you do a 60-minute walk or six 10-minute walks throughout the day, you get the same benefits. It’s great for our physical health and for our mental health.” 1.Why is Kids News calling on schools to host a walkathon? A. To measure the distance between two cities. B. To visit different places in the country. C. To encourage students to move more. D. To help students with their lessons. 2.What benefit can children get from walking regularly in their childhood? A. Becoming active teachers. B. Developing social abilities. C. Making more friends. D. Forming a good habit. 3.What does Sam Wood think of walking in the last paragraph? A. Convenient. B. Tiring. C. Tough. D. Painful. 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The longer you walk, the fitter you are. B. It’s necessary to walk at least 60 minutes a day. C. Walking brings both physical and mental benefits. D. It’s better to walk during daytime than in the evening. Passage 4 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）If you have fallen into a sleep schedule (时间表) that’s negatively affecting your body clock, what can you do? Try taking these steps to get your sleep patterns and body clock back to normal. Have a regular schedule Fight against the desire to get up late. Get up at the same time each day, and stick to that schedule on weekends. Once you’ve established a regular schedule, you’ll be able to fall asleep and wake up more easily. Exercise Exercise may increase production of melatonin (褪黑激素), and increased melatonin production can make it easier to fall asleep. Exercise also helps your body’s other systems stay in line with your body clock. Keep naps (打盹) short Napping can impact your body clock by making it harder to fall asleep at night. If you need to take a nap, limit it to 30 minutes or less and try to nap before 3:00 p. m. Limit light before bed Break the habit of looking through social media right before bedtime. Blue light from electronic devices like smartphones sends signals to your brain that it’s time to be awake. Having trouble getting up in the morning or staying up later than you want is a common problem. But if you follow these steps, you’ll get your body clock back on track in no time! 1.Who is the passage intended for? A. People with wrong body clock. B. Over-users of smartphones. C. Poor time-management people. D. Lazy people doing no exercise. 2.What is the function of increased melatonin production? A. To refresh the brain. B. To increase heart rate. C. To help fall asleep. D. To strengthen muscles. 3.How long should a nap be? A. As long as possible. B. More than 30 minutes. C. As short as possible. D. At most half an hour. 4.Which of the following may prevent you from sleeping before bedtime? A. Reading print books. B. Using smartphones. C. Chatting with parents. D. Listening to music. Passage 5 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Have you ever been in a sports field when the crowd is so loud that it shakes the structure of the stands (看台)? Have you ever thought of using the loud noise? When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you could turn the noise into a power source. Lily Min was inspired by Pixar’s film Monsters, Inc. Two monsters (怪兽) provide the electric power to a world of monsters by using children’s screams. She even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy. To test her theory, she built a 22x12-inch size model of a typical sports field. She then played sounds at either 70 decibels (分贝) or 100 decibels like the noise in the sports field. The experiment’s equipment wasn’t good enough, unfortunately, and the amounts of electricity gathered were small. Lily found that with more advanced equipment and on a larger size, enough power could be produced. Lily says, “Turning sound into electrical energy makes a great contribution to reducing the energy use of a typical sports field. In addition, in cities with heavy traffic, the loud noise from vehicles like cars and buses could be used to produce electricity, contributing to the energy needs of city development. Many factories, which often have continuous noise, could catch and change these sounds into electrical energy, thus reducing their total energy consumption (消耗).” 1.What really inspired Lily to turn sound into energy? A. A science experiment. B. A movie called Monsters, Inc. C. A basketball match. D. A visit to a sports field. 2.What was the purpose of Lily’s experiment? A. To make noise in the sports field. B. To test how loudly crowds can shout. C. To find more advanced equipment. D. To prove noises can be changed into electricity. 3.Where might Lily’s idea be applied? A. Schools and libraries. B. Factories and busy streets. C. Gardens and hotels. D. Cinemas and museums. 4.Which of the following best describes Lily? A. Curious and creative. B. Honest and confident. C. Brave and responsible. D. Careful and generous. Passage 6 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Children with parents who allow them to take more risks while playing are more likely to reach the recommended levels of exercise, a new study by Coventry University has found. The study has found 78% of the 645 parents across Australia didn’t like their children to take risks while playing, and would limit activities such as climbing trees, riding bikes fast down hills, and play-fighting with others. However, the study revealed that children of parents with more relaxed attitudes towards adventurous play were around three times more likely to meet the Australian and UK’s guidelines to get in an hour a day of “huff and puff” (气喘吁吁) exercise. “Obviously, parents don’t want to see their children pick up serious injuries, but evidence (证据) suggests that most play injuries are not serious, and the potential rewards of risky experiences are great,” says Alethea Jerebine, a researcher at Coventry University. “We know that through taking risks at play, children learn about what they can and can’t do, build confidence and independence, as well as learn to manage risk and keep themselves safe.” “It’s important for children to develop their understanding of risk from an early age, and build these skills gradually increasingly.” With the health benefits so obvious, a few small injuries along the way seems like a fair exchange. 1.What does the Coventry University study show? A. Schools lack sports facilities. B. Kids are angry at their parents. C. Most kids are over-protected. D. Lots of exercise is unfit for kids. 2.What would most Australian parents do concerning their children? A. Encourage them to climb trees. B. Let them play-fight with others. C. Allow them to ride fast down the hills. D. Limit their adventurous activities. 3.Which is one of the potential rewards of risky experiences for children? A. Avoiding difficult exercise. B. Taking risks without their parents. C. Learning to manage risk. D. Treating their own injuries. 4.When should kids start to develop their understanding of risk? A. From senior high school. B. From an early age. C. From junior high school. D. From adulthood. Passage 7 （2023·江苏·学业水平合格考）You drove ten hours to your aunt’s house, and you’re ready to get some sleep in the guest room. But though you’re so tired, sleep just doesn’t come. You turn from side to side in bed all night. And finally, when you do fall asleep, you wake up just an hour later. It’s so easy to fall asleep in your own bed. So why can’t you sleep well here? Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says. “People do not sleep well the first night. There is less slow brainwave activity, meaning not as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this phenomenon (现象) as well.” The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化). When you’re in your own bed, your brain knows it’s home and you will be safe. It can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep. But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to. But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep. 1.What is the “first night effect”? A. Poor sleep on the first night. B. Less rapid brainwave activity. C. Long deep sleep all night. D. Good habit of sleeping. 2.From paragraph 3 we know that bad sleep in new places ________. A. brings danger to health B. exists only in humans C. has bad effects on the brain D. has a very long history 3.Why is it harder to sleep in new places? A. There are real dangers nearby. B. New beds feel uncomfortable. C. People feel unsafe and worried. D. The brain stops working normally. 4.What’s good news for most people? A. Brains no longer feel safe. B. They will have a quick mind. C. They can finally sleep well. D. Unfamiliar sounds disappear. Passage 8 （2023·江苏·学业水平合格考）With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit (保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 1.What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C. Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 2.Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 3.What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 4.How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. Passage 9 （2024·江苏·学业水平合格考）There are many volunteer opportunities to choose from. The key is to find a position that you would enjoy. It’s also important to make sure that your commitment matches the organization’s needs. Besides, the opportunities that match both your goals and interests are most likely to be fun and successful. Consider several volunteer possibilities Don’t limit yourself to just one organization or one specific type of job. Try to visit different organizations if necessary. Where to find volunteer opportunities ● Libraries or senior centers ● Local animal shelters, rescue organizations, or wildlife centers. ● Youth organizations, sports teams, and after-school programs. How much time should you volunteer? Volunteering doesn’t have to take over your life to be beneficial. In fact, research shows that just two to three hours per week, or about 100 hours a year, can be the most beneficial — to both you and your chosen causes. The important thing is to volunteer only the amount of time that feels comfortable to you. Getting the most out of volunteering Ask questions. You can ask if the experience is right for your skills, your goals, and the time you have to spend. Don’t be afraid to make a change. Don’t force yourself into a bad fit or feel forced to stick with a volunteer role you dislike. Talk to the organization about changing your focus or look for a different organization that’s a better fit. Enjoy yourself. If you’ re not enjoying yourself, ask yourself why. Finding what’s bothering you can help you decide how to go forward. 1.What might be the most important for a person to be a volunteer? A. His safety. B. His family. C. His salaries. D. His interests and goals. 2.How much time is needed to volunteer according to the passage? A. 2 months a year. B. 10 hours a day. C. 2 or 3 weeks a month. D. The amount of time suitable to you. 3.What should you do when the voluntary work is not what you expect? A. Ask questions. B. Find the reason. C. Look for a new post. D. Enjoy every day as usual. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How to apply for a job. B. What to expect from a voluntary position. C. How to find the right volunteer opportunity. D. How much time to spend on the volunteering cause. Passage 10 （2024·江苏·学业水平合格考）Bike, bus, train, car, or plane? How do our travel choices impact the climate? The answer will be given in the book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike Berners-Lee. Biking vs. Driving Riding a bike is always a better choice than driving. It’s healthier and you’ re not burning any petrol. But you’re still burning fuel — your food. Food choices matter. Raising cows for beef and dairy produces a lot of emissions (排放). Berners-Lee writes, “If your cycling calories come from hamburgers, the emissions are about the same as driving.” Bus vs. Train Buses and trains carry many people. So the carbon impact of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight that isn’t people. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a train ride more than that of a bus ride. Car vs. Plane Only about two percent of global emissions come from air travel. But that’s mainly because it’s much less common than other forms of travel. Planes carry more people than cars, so a plane trip is usually worse for the climate. Getting a heavy plane up into the sky and keeping it there burns lots of fuel. And today we can’t change to electric passenger planes because batteries aren’t yet powerful enough. Also, burning fuel high in the sky has a greater impact on climate change than burning the same amount of fuel close to the ground. “It’s hard to avoid flying less,” writes Berners-Lee. 1.What advantage does riding a bike have over driving? A. Burning less petrol. B. Benefiting health C. Pushing more weight D. Producing more emissions 2.Why is a bus ride better according to Paragraph 3? A. It is much heavier. B. It is much larger. C. Its emissions are fewer. D. It carries more people. 3.Why does air travel produce fewer global emissions? A. Traveling by plane is less common B. Planes carry more passengers. C. Planes use less fuel in the sky. D. Planes use powerful batteries. 4.What might be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Causes of flying less B. Benefits of riding a bike C. Impacts of travel choice D. Advantages of electric planes Passage 11 （2024·江苏·学业水平合格考）So, how do pets have such a great positive effect on both our physical and mental health? It’s likely that there are a number of factors at play. First. pets offer company. Research shows that being alone can have a hugely harmful effect on our physical and mental health, with studies linking it to heart disease, anxiety, depression and so on. It also appears that pets promote (促进) social connections. Studies have shown that walking out with a dog results in much more conversations with passing strangers than walking alone. But, it’s not just dogs that can increase our social connections. A 1975 study gave a group of elderly individuals either a plant or a bird to look after over a period of three years. They found that those caring for a bird had built up a significantly bigger community of friends and visitors than those with a plant. Pet ownership can also come with increased exercise, which may help to explain some of the heart and mental health benefits. And it may explain why dogs, who need to be taken out regularly for walks, appear to be more beneficial for heart health than other pets. Although the exact mechanism (机制) of health promotion is still-unknown, one thing is clear: pets are great for our health and well worth bringing into our homes if we’ re looking to make new friends, add a spring to our step and perhaps even days to our life. 1.What will happen when you walk out with a dog? A. The dog will attack other animals. B. The dog will get excited outside home. C. Strangers will walk past you at a safe distance D. There will be more chances of talking with strangers 2.Why does the writer mention “a 1975 study” in Paragraph 3? A. To support an idea. B. To tell a story. C. To present a fact. D. To make a guess. 3.What will the writer probably recommend? A. Study the mechanism of health promotion. B. Grow some plants at home. C. Keep a pet at home. D. Do more exercise 4.How many positive effects of pets does the passage show? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. Passage 12 （2024·江苏·学业水平合格考）The Chinese character “he” (和) was selected as the most Chinese of Chinese ideograms (表意文字), carrying the most meaning for Chinese culture. Like Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, you can infer a nation’s spirit from its language. The character “he” reveals that China aims at building a “harmonious (和谐) society.” A good example may be that the words “harmony” and “peace” featured heavily in the opening ceremonies at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The character “he” (和) has two parts: “禾” (he), which means standing grain (and gives the character its pronunciation “hé”) and the character “口” (kou), which means mouth. The character has deeper roots in the Chinese spirit. It has been a favorite of Chinese philosophers (哲学家) — including Confucius — for at least thousands of years. It also appears in “fairness”, “balance”, “warmth” and a host of other terms that reflect the long-held desires of many Chinese people. Here are common expressions and proverbs with the Chinese character “he” (和)： 和谈 (hétán) — peace talks 和好 (héhǎo) — become friends again 君子和而不同 (jūnzǐhé’érbùtóng) — Gentlemen seek harmony but not uniformity. 1.The writer reveals China’s spirit of “harmony” in Paragraph 2 by ______. A. giving descriptions B. providing an example C. comparing opinions D. explaining its meaning 2.What does the part “禾” in the character “和” (he) mean? A. Mouth. B. Standing grain. C. Harmony. D. Warmth. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Language has a close relationship with culture. B. The Chinese character usually has two parts C. Language changes with time and the world. D. The Chinese character has the longest history. 4.In what situation can we say “héhǎo”? A. We insist on our own points of view. B. We stop quarreling and be friends again. C. We live and work in a peaceful country. D. We always have the same opinion on the matter. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文+记叙文） Passage 1 （2026·江苏·学业水平合格考）Recycling Smartphones: Why It Matters Every year, millions of old smartphones are thrown away. But these devices contain valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper. If recycled properly, one ton of phones can yield more gold than 17 tons of gold ore! However, only about 20% of e-waste is recycled globally. Most ends up in landfills, leaking harmful chemicals into soil and water. In China, new laws now require companies to take back old electronics and recycle them responsibly. Experts suggest three steps: ·Donate or sell your working phone. ·Wipe all data before disposal. ·Take it to a certified recycling center, not the trash bin. “Recycling isn’t just eco-friendly — it’s smart economics,” says environmental scientist Ms. Chen. “We’re wasting precious resources every time we toss a phone.” 1.What can be found in old smartphones? A. Plastic bottles. B. Gold and silver. C. Paper and wood. D. Food waste. 2.What percentage of e-waste is recycled worldwide? A. About 10%. B. About 20%. C. About 50%. D. About 80%. 3.What should you do BEFORE recycling your phone? A. Break it into pieces. B. Delete all personal data. C. Paint it a new color. D. Keep it for ten years. 4.What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To advertise new phones. B. To explain phone design. C. To encourage phone recycling. D. To criticize phone companies. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了回收智能手机的重要性，包括旧手机中含有的贵金属、全球电子垃圾回收的现状、专家建议的回收步骤以及回收手机的经济和环境意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But these devices contain valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper.(但这些设备含有金、银和铜等贵金属)”可知，旧手机中含有金和银等贵金属。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, only about 20% of e-waste is recycled globally.(然而，全球只有约20%的电子垃圾被回收)”可知，全球只有约20%的电子垃圾被回收。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wipe all data before disposal.(在处理前清除所有数据)”可知，在回收手机之前，应该删除所有个人数据。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Every year, millions of old smartphones are thrown away. But these devices contain valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper. If recycled properly, one ton of phones can yield more gold than 17 tons of gold ore!(每年，数以百万计的旧智能手机被丢弃。但这些设备含有金、银和铜等贵金属。如果回收得当，一吨手机可以产出比17吨金矿石更多的黄金!)”以及最后一段中“Recycling isn’t just eco-friendly — it’s smart economics(回收不仅环保，而且是明智的经济行为)”可知，文章主要讲述了回收智能手机的重要性，包括旧手机中含有的贵金属、全球电子垃圾回收的现状、专家建议的回收步骤以及回收手机的经济和环境意义，由此可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励手机回收。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏·学业水平合格考）A new cross-disciplinary field termed “cosmic (宇宙的) heritage studies” has been proposed by an international team of archaeologists and space physicists. This discipline focuses on identifying, documenting and preserving historical objects from humanity’s ventures into space, treating them as valuable cultural heritage rather than mere space junk. “The objects we’ve left in space and on other planets and moons tell the story of human technological achievement and exploration spirit,” said Dr. Maria Chen, lead researcher from the European Space Heritage Foundation. “With increasing commercial space activities, these artifacts face never-before-seen risks of damage or destruction if not properly protected.” The concept builds upon traditional archaeological principles but adapts them to the unique conditions of space environment. Unlike Earth-based archaeology that deals with centuries-old artifacts, cosmic heritage must consider factors like radiation exposure, low-gravity effects, and orbital decay (衰减) that affect preservation. A central challenge for cosmic heritage researchers involves establishing criteria for what is considered as significant space heritage. “While obviously historically important items like the first satellite Sputnik or Apollo landing sites deserve protection, we also need to consider more recent objects that represent technological milestones,” Dr. Chen explained. The international community currently debates whether to preserve all human-made objects in space or only selected historically significant ones. The team recommends establishing an international record-keeping system for space artifacts and developing low-impact documentation methods using remote sensing technology. “We’re not suggesting we bring everything back to museums,” Dr. Chen clarified. “In many cases, digital preservation through high-resolution imaging and 3D modeling may be the most practical approach.” As space becomes increasingly accessible, cosmic heritage studies aim to ensure that future generations can understand and appreciate the material evidence of humanity’s first steps beyond Earth. The researchers hope their work will inform international space policy and promote responsible management of off-Earth cultural resources. 1.Why does Dr. Chen advocate for treating space objects as heritage? A. For their commercial value. B. For their historical stories. C. For their rescue urgency. D. For their display potential. 2.How does Dr. Chen view the current protection situation? A. Urgent due to commercial growth. B. Challenging due to harsh space conditions. C. Complex due to unclear ownership. D. Manageable with current laws. 3.What is the key challenge mentioned in paragraph 4? A. Agreeing on preservation technology. B. Setting international protection rules. C. Finding long-term conservation funds. D. Deciding which objects to protect. 4.What is the principle behind Dr. Chen’s recommended preservation method? A. Bringing items back to Earth. B. Building bases at sites. C. Using remote, low-impact tech. D. Making strict space laws. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一个新兴的交叉学科——“宇宙遗产研究”。该领域由考古学家和空间物理学家提出，旨在将人类留在太空中的器物视为文化遗产，而非太空垃圾，并进行识别、记录和保护。文章探讨了该学科的目的、其面临的独特挑战、对太空文物构成威胁的因素以及可行的保护方案。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The objects we’ve left in space and on other planets and moons tell the story of human technological achievement and exploration spirit(我们在太空中以及在其他行星和卫星上留下的物体，讲述着人类在技术成就和探索精神方面的历程)”可知，陈博士主张将太空物体视为遗产是因为它们背后的历史故事。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“With increasing commercial space activities, these artifacts face never-before-seen risks of damage or destruction if not properly protected.(随着商业太空活动的日益增多，这些物品若得不到妥善保护，将面临前所未有的受损或毁灭风险)”可知，陈博士认为由于商业增长，当前的保护状况情况紧急。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“A central challenge for cosmic heritage researchers involves establishing criteria for what is considered as significant space heritage.(对于宇宙遗产研究者而言，一个核心挑战在于确立什么样的空间遗产被视为具有重要意义的标准)”可知，第4段中提到的关键挑战是决定保护哪些物品。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“The team recommends establishing an international record-keeping system for space artifacts and developing low-impact documentation methods using remote sensing technology. “We’re not suggesting we bring everything back to museums,” Dr. Chen clarified. “In many cases, digital preservation through high-resolution imaging and 3D modeling may be the most practical approach.”(该团队建议建立一个国际性的太空文物记录系统，并利用遥感技术开发低影响的记录方法。“我们并不是说要把所有东西都带回博物馆，”陈博士解释道，“在很多情况下，通过高分辨率成像和三维建模进行数字化保存可能是最实际的方法。”)”可知，陈博士推荐的保护方法背后的原理是利用远程、低影响技术。故选C。 Passage 3 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Imagine walking halfway around Australia as a kid… well, this year you can do just that. Kids News is calling on schools to host a walkathon (徒步马拉松) in May to see if schoolchildren can work together and actually walk the distance from at least Adelaide to Brisbane. That’s about 2,500 km if you walked through Melbourne and Sydney, which is a really long way. But if enough schools join in, it’s possible. It’s part of Kids News’ Health of the Nation campaign, which aims to get Australian kids moving in 2024 and thinking about ways to improve their health. Sam Wood, a famous fitness trainer, believes kids who walk regularly in their childhood — whether to school each day or around the park with the family dog — are setting themselves up for an active adulthood where walking becomes a habit in their daily routine. “People think it doesn’t make you fit, but they’re wrong,” Wood said. “If you are looking for something you can do anytime and anywhere, just get out and get yourself walking. It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long, the great thing about walking is whether you do a 60-minute walk or six 10-minute walks throughout the day, you get the same benefits. It’s great for our physical health and for our mental health.” 1.Why is Kids News calling on schools to host a walkathon? A. To measure the distance between two cities. B. To visit different places in the country. C. To encourage students to move more. D. To help students with their lessons. 2.What benefit can children get from walking regularly in their childhood? A. Becoming active teachers. B. Developing social abilities. C. Making more friends. D. Forming a good habit. 3.What does Sam Wood think of walking in the last paragraph? A. Convenient. B. Tiring. C. Tough. D. Painful. 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The longer you walk, the fitter you are. B. It’s necessary to walk at least 60 minutes a day. C. Walking brings both physical and mental benefits. D. It’s better to walk during daytime than in the evening. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍《儿童新闻》发起的校园徒步马拉松活动，旨在鼓励澳大利亚儿童多运动，并阐述步行对身心健康的益处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It’s part of Kids News’ Health of the Nation campaign, which aims to get Australian kids moving in 2024 and thinking about ways to improve their health. (这是《儿童新闻》“国民健康”活动的一部分，该活动旨在让澳大利亚儿童在2024年多运动，并思考改善健康的方法。)”可知，《儿童新闻》号召学校举办徒步马拉松是为了鼓励学生多运动。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sam Wood, a famous fitness trainer, believes kids who walk regularly in their childhood — whether to school each day or around the park with the family dog — are setting themselves up for an active adulthood where walking becomes a habit in their daily routine. (著名健身教练山姆·伍德认为，童年时期有规律步行的孩子——无论是每天步行上学，还是和家里的狗在公园散步——都能为积极的成年生活打下基础，让步行成为日常生活中的一种习惯。)”可知，儿童时期规律步行能让孩子养成良好的习惯。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If you are looking for something you can do anytime and anywhere, just get out and get yourself walking. It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long (如果你正在寻找一项可以随时随地进行的运动，那就出去走走吧。步行不必太快，也不必持续太久)”可知，山姆·伍德认为步行是一项方便易行的运动。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long, the great thing about walking is whether you do a 60-minute walk or six 10-minute walks throughout the day, you get the same benefits. It’s great for our physical health and for our mental health. (步行不一定要速度快，也不一定要持续很久。步行的一大好处在于，无论你是一次性走60分钟，还是一天内分6次各走10分钟，获得的益处都是相同的。这种运动对我们的身体健康和心理健康都大有裨益。)”可知，最后一段的主旨是步行对身心都有益处。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）If you have fallen into a sleep schedule (时间表) that’s negatively affecting your body clock, what can you do? Try taking these steps to get your sleep patterns and body clock back to normal. Have a regular schedule Fight against the desire to get up late. Get up at the same time each day, and stick to that schedule on weekends. Once you’ve established a regular schedule, you’ll be able to fall asleep and wake up more easily. Exercise Exercise may increase production of melatonin (褪黑激素), and increased melatonin production can make it easier to fall asleep. Exercise also helps your body’s other systems stay in line with your body clock. Keep naps (打盹) short Napping can impact your body clock by making it harder to fall asleep at night. If you need to take a nap, limit it to 30 minutes or less and try to nap before 3:00 p. m. Limit light before bed Break the habit of looking through social media right before bedtime. Blue light from electronic devices like smartphones sends signals to your brain that it’s time to be awake. Having trouble getting up in the morning or staying up later than you want is a common problem. But if you follow these steps, you’ll get your body clock back on track in no time! 1.Who is the passage intended for? A. People with wrong body clock. B. Over-users of smartphones. C. Poor time-management people. D. Lazy people doing no exercise. 2.What is the function of increased melatonin production? A. To refresh the brain. B. To increase heart rate. C. To help fall asleep. D. To strengthen muscles. 3.How long should a nap be? A. As long as possible. B. More than 30 minutes. C. As short as possible. D. At most half an hour. 4.Which of the following may prevent you from sleeping before bedtime? A. Reading print books. B. Using smartphones. C. Chatting with parents. D. Listening to music. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍四种调整睡眠规律、恢复生物钟正常运转的方法，包括规律作息、坚持运动、控制午睡时长和睡前避免强光。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If you have fallen into a sleep schedule (时间表) that’s negatively affecting your body clock, what can you do? Try taking these steps to get your sleep patterns and body clock back to normal. (如果你陷入了对生物钟产生负面影响的睡眠规律，该怎么办？不妨尝试以下方法，让你的睡眠模式和生物钟恢复正常。)”可知，本文的目标读者是生物钟紊乱的人群。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Exercise部分中的“Exercise may increase production of melatonin (褪黑激素), and increased melatonin production can make it easier to fall asleep. (运动可能会促进褪黑激素的分泌，而褪黑激素分泌量的增加有助于人们更轻松地入睡。)”可知，褪黑激素分泌增加的作用是帮助入睡。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Keep naps (打盹) short部分中的“If you need to take a nap, limit it to 30 minutes or less and try to nap before 3:00 p. m. (如果你需要午睡，请将时长控制在30分钟以内，且尽量在下午3点前完成午睡。)”可知，午睡时长最多不能超过半小时。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Limit light before bed部分中的“Break the habit of looking through social media right before bedtime. Blue light from electronic devices like smartphones sends signals to your brain that it’s time to be awake. (改掉睡前刷社交媒体的习惯。智能手机等电子设备发出的蓝光会向大脑发送信号，让大脑认为此时应该保持清醒。)”可知，睡前使用智能手机可能会阻碍入睡。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Have you ever been in a sports field when the crowd is so loud that it shakes the structure of the stands (看台)? Have you ever thought of using the loud noise? When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you could turn the noise into a power source. Lily Min was inspired by Pixar’s film Monsters, Inc. Two monsters (怪兽) provide the electric power to a world of monsters by using children’s screams. She even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy. To test her theory, she built a 22x12-inch size model of a typical sports field. She then played sounds at either 70 decibels (分贝) or 100 decibels like the noise in the sports field. The experiment’s equipment wasn’t good enough, unfortunately, and the amounts of electricity gathered were small. Lily found that with more advanced equipment and on a larger size, enough power could be produced. Lily says, “Turning sound into electrical energy makes a great contribution to reducing the energy use of a typical sports field. In addition, in cities with heavy traffic, the loud noise from vehicles like cars and buses could be used to produce electricity, contributing to the energy needs of city development. Many factories, which often have continuous noise, could catch and change these sounds into electrical energy, thus reducing their total energy consumption (消耗).” 1.What really inspired Lily to turn sound into energy? A. A science experiment. B. A movie called Monsters, Inc. C. A basketball match. D. A visit to a sports field. 2.What was the purpose of Lily’s experiment? A. To make noise in the sports field. B. To test how loudly crowds can shout. C. To find more advanced equipment. D. To prove noises can be changed into electricity. 3.Where might Lily’s idea be applied? A. Schools and libraries. B. Factories and busy streets. C. Gardens and hotels. D. Cinemas and museums. 4.Which of the following best describes Lily? A. Curious and creative. B. Honest and confident. C. Brave and responsible. D. Careful and generous. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述高中生莉莉受电影启发，尝试将噪音转化为电能的探索过程及应用前景。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lily Min was inspired by Pixar’s film Monsters, Inc. (米莉·闵受到了皮克斯电影《怪兽电力公司》的启发)”可知，启发莉莉将声音转化为能量的是电影《怪兽电力公司》。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To test her theory, she built a 22x12-inch size model of a typical sports field. (为了验证她的理论，她制作了一个典型运动场的22×12英寸的模型)”以及第二段“she even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy (她甚至设计了一个可以将噪音转化为可用能源的收集系统)”可知，莉莉做实验的目的是证明噪音可以被转化为电能。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In addition, in cities with heavy traffic, the loud noise from vehicles like cars and buses could be used to produce electricity (此外，在交通繁忙的城市，汽车、公交车等交通工具产生的巨大噪音可以用来发电)”和“Many factories, which often have continuous noise, could catch and change these sounds into electrical energy (许多经常有持续噪音的工厂，可以捕捉这些声音并将其转化为电能)”可知，莉莉的想法可以应用在工厂和繁忙街道。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文并根据第一段“When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you could turn the noise into a power source.(来自莱克查尔斯的高中生米莉・闵在体育馆观看 NBA 比赛时，突发奇想：能否把现场的喧闹声转化为一种能源呢？)”以及第二段“Lily Min was inspired by Pixar’s film Monsters, Inc. Two monsters (怪兽) provide the electric power to a world of monsters by using children’s screams. She even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy.(米莉・闵受到了皮克斯动画电影《怪兽电力公司》的启发。影片中，两只怪兽利用孩子们的尖叫声为怪兽世界提供电力能源。她甚至还设计出了一套收集系统，这套系统有望将噪音转化为可用能源)”可知，莉莉在看篮球赛时产生将噪音转化为能源的想法，还受电影启发设计收集系统、制作模型做实验，这体现出她富有好奇心和创造力。故选A项。 Passage 6 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Children with parents who allow them to take more risks while playing are more likely to reach the recommended levels of exercise, a new study by Coventry University has found. The study has found 78% of the 645 parents across Australia didn’t like their children to take risks while playing, and would limit activities such as climbing trees, riding bikes fast down hills, and play-fighting with others. However, the study revealed that children of parents with more relaxed attitudes towards adventurous play were around three times more likely to meet the Australian and UK’s guidelines to get in an hour a day of “huff and puff” (气喘吁吁) exercise. “Obviously, parents don’t want to see their children pick up serious injuries, but evidence (证据) suggests that most play injuries are not serious, and the potential rewards of risky experiences are great,” says Alethea Jerebine, a researcher at Coventry University. “We know that through taking risks at play, children learn about what they can and can’t do, build confidence and independence, as well as learn to manage risk and keep themselves safe.” “It’s important for children to develop their understanding of risk from an early age, and build these skills gradually increasingly.” With the health benefits so obvious, a few small injuries along the way seems like a fair exchange. 1.What does the Coventry University study show? A. Schools lack sports facilities. B. Kids are angry at their parents. C. Most kids are over-protected. D. Lots of exercise is unfit for kids. 2.What would most Australian parents do concerning their children? A. Encourage them to climb trees. B. Let them play-fight with others. C. Allow them to ride fast down the hills. D. Limit their adventurous activities. 3.Which is one of the potential rewards of risky experiences for children? A. Avoiding difficult exercise. B. Taking risks without their parents. C. Learning to manage risk. D. Treating their own injuries. 4.When should kids start to develop their understanding of risk? A. From senior high school. B. From an early age. C. From junior high school. D. From adulthood. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了考文垂大学的研究发现：父母允许孩子在玩耍时多冒险，孩子更易达到建议运动量。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study has found 78% of the 645 parents across Australia didn’t like their children to take risks while playing, and would limit activities such as climbing trees, riding bikes fast down hills, and play-fighting with others. (该研究发现，在澳大利亚的645名父母中，有78%的人不喜欢孩子在玩耍时冒险，并且会限制孩子爬树、骑自行车冲下坡、和别人打闹等活动)”可知，大部分父母会限制孩子的冒险类玩耍行为，由此推知，多数孩子都处于被过度保护的状态。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study has found 78% of the 645 parents across Australia didn’t like their children to take risks while playing, and would limit activities such as climbing trees, riding bikes fast down hills, and play-fighting with others. (该研究发现，在澳大利亚的645名父母中，有78%的人不喜欢孩子在玩耍时冒险，并且会限制孩子爬树、骑自行车冲下坡、和别人打闹等活动)”可知，大多数澳大利亚父母会限制孩子的冒险类活动。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We know that through taking risks at play, children learn about what they can and can’t do, build confidence and independence, as well as learn to manage risk and keep themselves safe. (我们知道，孩子在玩耍中冒险，能学会分辨自己能做和不能做的事，建立自信和独立性，还能学会管理风险、保护自身安全)”可知，孩子进行冒险体验的潜在益处之一是学会管理风险。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“It’s important for children to develop their understanding of risk from an early age, and build these skills gradually increasingly. (对孩子来说，从小培养风险意识、循序渐进地掌握相关技能十分重要)”可知，孩子应该从幼年时期就开始培养对风险的认知。故选B项。 Passage 7 （2023·江苏·学业水平合格考）You drove ten hours to your aunt’s house, and you’re ready to get some sleep in the guest room. But though you’re so tired, sleep just doesn’t come. You turn from side to side in bed all night. And finally, when you do fall asleep, you wake up just an hour later. It’s so easy to fall asleep in your own bed. So why can’t you sleep well here? Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says. “People do not sleep well the first night. There is less slow brainwave activity, meaning not as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this phenomenon (现象) as well.” The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化). When you’re in your own bed, your brain knows it’s home and you will be safe. It can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep. But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to. But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep. 1.What is the “first night effect”? A. Poor sleep on the first night. B. Less rapid brainwave activity. C. Long deep sleep all night. D. Good habit of sleeping. 2.From paragraph 3 we know that bad sleep in new places ________. A. brings danger to health B. exists only in humans C. has bad effects on the brain D. has a very long history 3.Why is it harder to sleep in new places? A. There are real dangers nearby. B. New beds feel uncomfortable. C. People feel unsafe and worried. D. The brain stops working normally. 4.What’s good news for most people? A. Brains no longer feel safe. B. They will have a quick mind. C. They can finally sleep well. D. Unfamiliar sounds disappear. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，讲述了人在新的环境中无法安然入眠的“第一晚效应。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says.People do not sleep well the first night(脑科学家Martha Hotz Vitaterna对这个问题了如指掌。她说，在一些睡眠研究圈子里，这被称为“第一晚效应”。人们在第一个晚上睡不好。)”可知此处的第一晚效应指的是一个人到了一个陌生地方以后睡眠不好的问题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化).(这种情况也发生在其他动物身上，这让科学家们认为，新地方的睡眠不好是大脑中一个非常古老的过程的结果。它可以追溯到人类进化之前很久。)”可知新地方的睡眠不好是大脑中一个非常古老的过程的结果，它可以追溯到人类进化之前很久，因此有着悠久的历史。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to.(但是当你在一个不熟悉的地方睡觉时，你的大脑会保持轻微的注意力，以确保附近没有危险。即使是熟悉的声音也会让你担心。那是什么？危险吗？它会唤醒大脑，让你在需要的时候做好逃跑的准备。)”可知人们到了一个新地方以后会感到不安全和担心，所以会睡眠不好。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep.(但好消息是：对大多数人来说，在一个新地方呆上一两个晚上后，我们焦虑的大脑就会再次感到安全。最后我们可以有一个完整的睡眠。)”可知对于大多数人来说好消息是几天之后他们最终会有一个很好的睡眠。故选C项。 Passage 8 （2023·江苏·学业水平合格考）With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit (保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 1.What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C. Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 2.Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 3.What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 4.How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着珠穆朗玛峰登山者人数的增加，山上遗留的垃圾问题日益严重，尼泊尔官方正在采取措施应对这场环境灾难。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. (随着珠穆朗玛峰登山者人数的增加，这座自然奇观上留下了更多的垃圾。幸运的是，尼泊尔官员正在努力应对这场环境灾难) ”可知，珠穆朗玛峰环境灾难的原因是登山者留下的垃圾。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. (此外，还有人类排泄物的问题。这是一个日益严重的问题，已经危及生命。排泄物问题现在从大本营蔓延到下面的河流，污染了当地的供水) ”可知，污染当地水源的是人类排泄物。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. (2014年，尼泊尔政府试图解决这一污染问题，要求登山者在下山时带回18磅的垃圾)” 可知，2014年要求登山者下山时带走18磅的垃圾。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain.(首先，沿着山路放置了垃圾桶。此外，对于污染山区的登山者将处以重罚)” 和 “Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. (最后，垃圾将被从山上移走)” 可知，最后一段提出了三条新规定：放置垃圾桶、对污染者处以重罚和移除山上的垃圾。故选B项。 Passage 9 （2024·江苏·学业水平合格考）There are many volunteer opportunities to choose from. The key is to find a position that you would enjoy. It’s also important to make sure that your commitment matches the organization’s needs. Besides, the opportunities that match both your goals and interests are most likely to be fun and successful. Consider several volunteer possibilities Don’t limit yourself to just one organization or one specific type of job. Try to visit different organizations if necessary. Where to find volunteer opportunities ● Libraries or senior centers ● Local animal shelters, rescue organizations, or wildlife centers. ● Youth organizations, sports teams, and after-school programs. How much time should you volunteer? Volunteering doesn’t have to take over your life to be beneficial. In fact, research shows that just two to three hours per week, or about 100 hours a year, can be the most beneficial — to both you and your chosen causes. The important thing is to volunteer only the amount of time that feels comfortable to you. Getting the most out of volunteering Ask questions. You can ask if the experience is right for your skills, your goals, and the time you have to spend. Don’t be afraid to make a change. Don’t force yourself into a bad fit or feel forced to stick with a volunteer role you dislike. Talk to the organization about changing your focus or look for a different organization that’s a better fit. Enjoy yourself. If you’ re not enjoying yourself, ask yourself why. Finding what’s bothering you can help you decide how to go forward. 1.What might be the most important for a person to be a volunteer? A. His safety. B. His family. C. His salaries. D. His interests and goals. 2.How much time is needed to volunteer according to the passage? A. 2 months a year. B. 10 hours a day. C. 2 or 3 weeks a month. D. The amount of time suitable to you. 3.What should you do when the voluntary work is not what you expect? A. Ask questions. B. Find the reason. C. Look for a new post. D. Enjoy every day as usual. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How to apply for a job. B. What to expect from a voluntary position. C. How to find the right volunteer opportunity. D. How much time to spend on the volunteering cause. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何找到合适的志愿机会及相关注意事项。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Besides, the opportunities that match both your goals and interests are most likely to be fun and successful.(此外，那些既符合你的目标又契合你兴趣的志愿机会，极有可能既有趣又能取得成功)”可知，对于一个人来说，成为志愿者的最重要因素是他的兴趣和目标。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“How much time should you volunteer?”标题下“The important thing is to volunteer only the amount of time that feels comfortable to you.(重要的是，只在你觉得舒适的时长范围内去做志愿服务)”可知，志愿服务的时间应该是你觉得舒服的时间量，即适合你的时间量。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Getting the most out of volunteering”标题下的“Don’t force yourself into a bad fit or feel forced to stick with a volunteer role you dislike. Talk to the organization about changing your focus or look for a different organization that’s a better fit.(不要强迫自己去做不适合的事情，也不要觉得非得勉强自己继续从事一个你不喜欢的志愿者工作。和所在的组织沟通，谈谈改变你的工作重点，或者寻找一个更适合你的不同组织)”可知，当志愿工作不是你所期望的时候，你应该寻找一个新的岗位。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段“There are many volunteer opportunities to choose from. The key is to find a position that you would enjoy. It’s also important to make sure that your commitment matches the organization’s needs. Besides, the opportunities that match both your goals and interests are most likely to be fun and successful.(有很多志愿者机会可供选择。关键在于找到一个你会喜欢的岗位。确保你投入的精力能符合该组织的需求，这一点也很重要。此外，那些既符合你的目标又与你的兴趣相契合的机会，极有可能既充满乐趣又能取得成功)”可知，文章主要讲述了如何找到适合的志愿者机会，包括考虑多种可能性、寻找志愿者机会的地方、志愿服务的时间以及如何从志愿服务中获得最大收益等。故选C。 Passage 10 （2024·江苏·学业水平合格考）Bike, bus, train, car, or plane? How do our travel choices impact the climate? The answer will be given in the book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike Berners-Lee. Biking vs. Driving Riding a bike is always a better choice than driving. It’s healthier and you’ re not burning any petrol. But you’re still burning fuel — your food. Food choices matter. Raising cows for beef and dairy produces a lot of emissions (排放). Berners-Lee writes, “If your cycling calories come from hamburgers, the emissions are about the same as driving.” Bus vs. Train Buses and trains carry many people. So the carbon impact of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight that isn’t people. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a train ride more than that of a bus ride. Car vs. Plane Only about two percent of global emissions come from air travel. But that’s mainly because it’s much less common than other forms of travel. Planes carry more people than cars, so a plane trip is usually worse for the climate. Getting a heavy plane up into the sky and keeping it there burns lots of fuel. And today we can’t change to electric passenger planes because batteries aren’t yet powerful enough. Also, burning fuel high in the sky has a greater impact on climate change than burning the same amount of fuel close to the ground. “It’s hard to avoid flying less,” writes Berners-Lee. 1.What advantage does riding a bike have over driving? A. Burning less petrol. B. Benefiting health C. Pushing more weight D. Producing more emissions 2.Why is a bus ride better according to Paragraph 3? A. It is much heavier. B. It is much larger. C. Its emissions are fewer. D. It carries more people. 3.Why does air travel produce fewer global emissions? A. Traveling by plane is less common B. Planes carry more passengers. C. Planes use less fuel in the sky. D. Planes use powerful batteries. 4.What might be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Causes of flying less B. Benefits of riding a bike C. Impacts of travel choice D. Advantages of electric planes 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了不同出行方式对气候产生的不同影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Riding a bike is always a better choice than driving. It’s healthier and you’ re not burning any petrol.(骑自行车总是比开车更好的选择。它更健康，而且你不消耗任何汽油)”可知，骑自行车相较于开车的优势是对健康有益。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Buses and trains carry many people. So the carbon impact of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight that isn’t people. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a train ride more than that of a bus ride.(公共汽车和火车载很多人。所以乘坐的碳影响会分摊到所有乘客身上。为公共汽车或火车提供动力的燃料也需要推动所有不是人的重量。火车非常大且重。所有这些额外的重量使得乘坐火车对气候的影响比乘坐公共汽车更大)”可知，虽然公共汽车和火车都载很多人，但是火车因为自身更重，所以排放的碳影响更大。由此推知，坐公共汽车更好是因为它的排放更少。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Only about two percent of global emissions come from air travel. But that’s mainly because it’s much less common than other forms of travel.(全球排放中只有大约2%来自航空旅行。但这主要是因为它比其他旅行形式要少见得多)”可知，航空旅行产生的全球排放较少是因为乘飞机旅行不太常见。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Bike, bus, train, car, or plane? How do our travel choices impact the climate? The answer will be given in the book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike Berners-Lee.(自行车、公共汽车、火车、汽车还是飞机？我们的出行选择对气候有怎样的影响？答案将在迈克・伯纳斯 - 李所著的《万物的碳足迹》一书中给出)”可知，文章讲述了不同出行方式对气候产生的不同影响。由此可知，“Impacts of travel choice(旅行选择的影响)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 11 （2024·江苏·学业水平合格考）So, how do pets have such a great positive effect on both our physical and mental health? It’s likely that there are a number of factors at play. First. pets offer company. Research shows that being alone can have a hugely harmful effect on our physical and mental health, with studies linking it to heart disease, anxiety, depression and so on. It also appears that pets promote (促进) social connections. Studies have shown that walking out with a dog results in much more conversations with passing strangers than walking alone. But, it’s not just dogs that can increase our social connections. A 1975 study gave a group of elderly individuals either a plant or a bird to look after over a period of three years. They found that those caring for a bird had built up a significantly bigger community of friends and visitors than those with a plant. Pet ownership can also come with increased exercise, which may help to explain some of the heart and mental health benefits. And it may explain why dogs, who need to be taken out regularly for walks, appear to be more beneficial for heart health than other pets. Although the exact mechanism (机制) of health promotion is still-unknown, one thing is clear: pets are great for our health and well worth bringing into our homes if we’ re looking to make new friends, add a spring to our step and perhaps even days to our life. 1.What will happen when you walk out with a dog? A. The dog will attack other animals. B. The dog will get excited outside home. C. Strangers will walk past you at a safe distance D. There will be more chances of talking with strangers 2.Why does the writer mention “a 1975 study” in Paragraph 3? A. To support an idea. B. To tell a story. C. To present a fact. D. To make a guess. 3.What will the writer probably recommend? A. Study the mechanism of health promotion. B. Grow some plants at home. C. Keep a pet at home. D. Do more exercise 4.How many positive effects of pets does the passage show? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了宠物对人类身心健康的多方面积极影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Studies have shown that walking out with a dog results in much more conversations with passing strangers than walking alone.(研究表明，与独自散步相比，带着狗外出散步会带来更多与路过陌生人的交谈机会)”可知，当你带着狗出去散步时，会有更多与陌生人交谈的机会。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“But, it’s not just dogs that can increase our social connections. A 1975 study gave a group of elderly individuals either a plant or a bird to look after over a period of three years. They found that those caring for a bird had built up a significantly bigger community of friends and visitors than those with a plant.(但是，并非只有狗能够增进我们的社交关系。一项 1975 年的研究让一群老年人在三年的时间里要么照料一株植物，要么照料一只鸟。研究人员发现，那些照料鸟的人比照料植物的人建立起了规模大得多的朋友圈子，也有更多人来探访他们)”可知，作者提到1975年的研究是为了支持“宠物能促进社交联系”这一观点，说明不仅仅是狗能增加我们的社交联系，照顾鸟的老人也建立了更大的朋友和访客社区。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Although the exact mechanism (机制) of health promotion is still-unknown, one thing is clear: pets are great for our health and well worth bringing into our homes if we’ re looking to make new friends, add a spring to our step and perhaps even days to our life.(尽管促进健康的确切机制仍然未知，但有一点是明确的：宠物对我们的健康大有裨益。如果我们想要结交新朋友、让自己步伐轻快起来，甚至有可能延长寿命，那么宠物是非常值得养在家里的)”可知，作者认为宠物对我们的健康有好处，如果我们想结交新朋友，给我们的生活增添活力，甚至延长我们的寿命，那么把宠物带回家是值得的。因此，作者可能会推荐在家里养宠物。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的“First. pets offer company.(宠物提供陪伴)”；第二段的“It also appears that pets promote (促进) social connections.(宠物促进社交联系)”以及最后一段的“Pet ownership can also come with increased exercise, which may help to explain some of the heart and mental health benefits.(养宠物会增加锻炼，这可能有助于解释对心脏和心理健康的一些好处)”可知，文章中提到宠物的积极影响一共有三个方面。所以选 B。 Passage 12 （2024·江苏·学业水平合格考）The Chinese character “he” (和) was selected as the most Chinese of Chinese ideograms (表意文字), carrying the most meaning for Chinese culture. Like Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, you can infer a nation’s spirit from its language. The character “he” reveals that China aims at building a “harmonious (和谐) society.” A good example may be that the words “harmony” and “peace” featured heavily in the opening ceremonies at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The character “he” (和) has two parts: “禾” (he), which means standing grain (and gives the character its pronunciation “hé”) and the character “口” (kou), which means mouth. The character has deeper roots in the Chinese spirit. It has been a favorite of Chinese philosophers (哲学家) — including Confucius — for at least thousands of years. It also appears in “fairness”, “balance”, “warmth” and a host of other terms that reflect the long-held desires of many Chinese people. Here are common expressions and proverbs with the Chinese character “he” (和)： 和谈 (hétán) — peace talks 和好 (héhǎo) — become friends again 君子和而不同 (jūnzǐhé’érbùtóng) — Gentlemen seek harmony but not uniformity. 1.The writer reveals China’s spirit of “harmony” in Paragraph 2 by ______. A. giving descriptions B. providing an example C. comparing opinions D. explaining its meaning 2.What does the part “禾” in the character “和” (he) mean? A. Mouth. B. Standing grain. C. Harmony. D. Warmth. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Language has a close relationship with culture. B. The Chinese character usually has two parts C. Language changes with time and the world. D. The Chinese character has the longest history. 4.In what situation can we say “héhǎo”? A. We insist on our own points of view. B. We stop quarreling and be friends again. C. We live and work in a peaceful country. D. We always have the same opinion on the matter. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了汉字“和”(hé)在中国文化中的重要性及其象征意义，展示了它如何体现中国追求和谐社会的精神。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子“A good example may be that the words ‘harmony’ and ‘peace’ featured heavily in the opening ceremonies at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.(一个很好的例子是，在2008年北京奥运会的开幕式上，“和谐”和“和平”这两个词被大量提及。)”可知，作者通过提供一个具体的例子来揭示中国“和谐”的精神。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“The character “he” (和) has two parts: “禾” (he), which means standing grain (and gives the character its pronunciation “hé”) and the character “口” (kou), which means mouth.(汉字“和”由两部分构成：左侧的“禾”（本义为成熟的谷物，同时标示“hé”的发音）与右侧的“口”（表示人的嘴巴）。)”可知，可知，“禾”意味着成熟的谷物。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段“The Chinese character “he” (和) was selected as the most Chinese of Chinese ideograms (表意文字), carrying the most meaning for Chinese culture.(汉字“和”被选为最具中国特色的表意文字（“和”字），承载着中国文化的最大意义。)”和第二段的句子“Like Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, you can infer a nation’s spirit from its language. The character “he” reveals that China aims at building a “harmonious (和谐) society.”(正如拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生曾经说过的那样，你可以从一个民族的语言中推断出这个民族的精神。“和”字揭示了中国的目标是建设一个“和谐社会”。)”可知，文章通过介绍汉字“和”及其在中国文化中的重要性，强调了语言与文化之间的紧密联系。（虽然汉字确实常由两部分组成，但这并不是文章的主要观点；文章也没有提到语言随时间和世界的变化，也没有提到汉字的历史长度。）故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。文章最后提到“和好”(héhǎo)意为“become friends again(重修旧好)”。所以，“héhǎo”用于描述停止争吵并重新成为朋友的情况。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文+记叙文） Passage 1 1. B　2. B　3. B　4. C Passage 2 1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C Passage 3 1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C Passage 4 1. A　2. C　3. D　4. B Passage 5 1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A Passage 6 1. C　2. D　3. C　4. B Passage 7 1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C Passage 8 1. B　2. A　3. D　4. B Passage 9 1. D　2. D　3. C　4. C Passage 10 1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C Passage 11 1. D　2. A　3. C　4. B Passage 12 1. B　2. B　3. A　4. B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $