精品解析：北京景山学校远洋分校高二年级2026-2027学年第一学期英语学科10月月考试题

北京景山学校远洋分校高二年级2026—2027学年第一学期 英语学科10月月考试题 第一节 完形填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Pam Bales, an experienced hiker, stepped onto snow-covered Jewell Trail. The hike up the lower part of Jewell was pleasant. But less than an hour later, the weather was showing its teeth. Bales began to think about calling it a day. Then she noticed something: a single set of ____1____in the snow ahead of her. She’d been____2____unclear tracks all day and hadn’t given them much____3____, because so many people climb Jewell Trail. But these, as a volunteer of the Valley Search and Rescue Team, she realized, had been made by a pair of sneakers, which was surely not for this kind of trail 2. Strong wind screamed, and ____4____was just hours away. If Bales continued to follow the tracks she’d add risk to the journey. But the tracks ahead meant someone might be in trouble. She could not let this go. She silently scolded (责骂) the absent hiker for____5____normal safety rules and struggled to walk carefully in the direction of the tracks. After about 20 to 30 yards, she rounded a corner and saw a man sitting motionless. He wore tennis sneakers and a light jacket. She checked him for any sign of ____6____.There was none. Bales had been trained in search and rescue and knew that he was hypothermic (体温过低) and would die soon if he didn’t get out of there. The man said he had lost his way and was extremely cold. Bales brought a pair of soft-shell pants, a winter hat, and a ja ket from her pack. She helped the man pull the warm, dry layers onto his body and offered him some hot cocoa.____7____ he stood. She offered continuous encouragement —“Keep going! You’re doing great.” Just before 6 p.m., they arrived at the trailhead very tired. Her climb up to the spot where she ____8____ the man had taken about four hours. Two hours had passed since then. A week later, the president of Bales’ rescue group received a letter in the mail. It read: “On Sunday October 17, I went up my trail, Jewell.____9____ was to be bad. But without thinking too much I was dressed to go quickly. Next thing I knew this lady was talking to me, changing my clothes, making me warmer. She just kept encouraging me. Finally, I learned her name was Pam. The entire time she treated me with compassion (同情心),confidence, and one hundred percent commitment 3...” In the nine years since she saved John, Bales has become something of a hiking legend (传奇人物). It’s a(n) ____10____ she never sought or wanted, but one she certainly has earned. 1. A. clothes B. tools C. gloves D. footprints 2. A. recording B. following C. covering D. leaving 3. A. response B. expectation C. thought D. hope 4. A. success B. darkness C. freedom D. disaster 5. A. knowing B. making C. judging D. breaking 6. A. injury B. life C. power D. loss 7. A. Unwillingly B. Nervously C. Immediately D. Slowly 8. A. treated B. observed C. located D. protected 9. A. Chance B. Weather C. Health D. Sight 10. A. title B. fortune C. opportunity D. option 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了一位经验丰富的徒步旅行者Pam Bales在登山途中救了一位登山迷路者的经历。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：然后她注意到什么：她前面的雪地上有一排脚印。A. clothes衣服；B. tools工具；C. gloves手套；D. footprints脚印。根据下文“had been made by a pair of sneakers”可知，是运动鞋留下的脚印。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：她一整天都在跟着模糊的足迹，而且因为很多人都爬过Jewell Trail，所以没怎么留意这些足迹。A. recording记录；B. following跟随；C. covering覆盖；D. leaving留下。根据后文的“unclear tracks”可知，此处表示跟着足迹走，following符合题意。 【3题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。A. response回复；B. expectation期待；C. thought想法；D. hope希望。根据下文“because so many people climb Jewell Trail.”可知，爬山的人很多，因此推断出她没有多想。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：狂风呼啸，还有几小时就要黑天了。A. success成功；B. darkness黑暗、黑天；C. freedom自由；D. disaster灾难。根据下文“Just before 6 p. m., they arrived at the trailhead”可知，傍晚六点前才到达山道的起点，推断此处快要天黑。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：她默默地责备这个不在场的徒步旅行者违反了正常的安全规则，挣扎着小心地朝着足迹的方向走去。A. knowing知道；B. making制作；C. judging评论；D. breaking打破。根据上文“But the tracks ahead meant someone might be in trouble.”可知，登山者遭遇了危险，打破了安全规则。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：她检查了一下他是否有受伤迹象。A. injury受伤；B. life生活；C. power能力；D. loss损失。根据上文“she rounded a corner and saw a man sitting motionless.”和下文“There was none.”可知，她在检查这个人是否受伤。 【7题详解】 考查副词。句意：他慢慢地站了起来。A. Unwillingly不情愿地；B. Nervously紧张地；C. Immediately立即地；D. Slowly慢慢地。根据上文“ saw a man sitting motionless”可知，他身体虚弱，应该是慢慢地站了起来。 【8题详解】 考查动词。句意：她爬山到发现他的地点用了4小时的时间。A. treated对待；B. observed观察；C. located定位；D. protected保护。根据上文“ After about 20 to 30 yards, she rounded a corner and saw a man sitting motionless.”可知，她找到这个人所在的地点。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：天气会很糟糕。A. Chance机会；B. Weather天气；C. Health健康；D. Sight视力。呼应第一段中“the weather was showing its teeth.”指天气糟糕。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：她从未寻求过，也从未想要过得到这样一个称号，但她确实赚到了。A. title头衔、称号；B. fortune 运气、财富；C. opportunity机会；D. option选择。根据上文“In the nine years since she saved John, Bales has become something of a hiking legend.”可知，Bales成为传奇人物，推断出她从没想过得到这个称号。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhao Chuang is a science artist working in Beijing,____11____ job bridges science and art by painting and sculpturing ancient extinct species. Zhao reproduces each element described in papers on the history of life in an artistic way, and the ____12____ (blank) in scientific research are filled by his logic and imagination. His painting of a prehistoric flying animal became the cover of important scientific journal Nature in 2006, a highlight in his career ____13____ a science artist. 【答案】11. whose 12. blanks 13. as 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了科学艺术家赵闯的工作内容和他的艺术作品。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：赵闯是一名在北京工作的科学艺术家，他的工作是通过绘画和雕塑古代灭绝物种来连接科学和艺术。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a science artist，作从句中job的定语，表示所属关系，用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：他以艺术的方式再现了生命史论文中所描述的每一个元素，科学研究中的空白也被他的逻辑和想象所填补。分析句子可知，and连接两个并列的句子，空处作后一个句子的主语，结合are可知，此处主语为复数。故填blanks。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：2006年，他的一幅史前飞行动物的画作成为重要科学杂志《自然》的封面，这是他作为科学艺术家生涯中的一个亮点。分析句子可知，science artist为名词词组，空处缺少介词，表示“作为”用as。故填as。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Harbin, ____14____ (know) for its ice and snow festivals, became very popular last winter. An increasing number of tourists ____15____ (rush) to the “Ice City of China” to experience the best of ice and snow culture. Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more ____16____ (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. The city’s individual attractions make it a must-see spot no matter the weather. 【答案】14. known 15. rushed 16. to offer 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍以冰雪节闻名的哈尔滨去年冬天备受游客欢迎，除冰雪乐趣之外，这座城市全年还有欧式建筑、特色美食等诸多值得游览的看点。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：以冰雪节闻名的哈尔滨去年冬天变得非常受欢迎。句中已有谓语动词became，空处需填非谓语动词。主语Harbin和know之间是被动关系，使用过去分词known。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：越来越多的游客涌向“中国冰城”，去体验冰雪文化的魅力。根据时间状语last winter可知事情发生在过去，谓语动词使用一般过去时，rush的过去式为rushed。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了冰雪带来的乐趣，这座城市全年还有更多可以提供给人们的东西，包括传统欧式建筑、独特美食以及文化活动。固定结构have much more to offer，表示“有更多可以提供的事物”，用不定式to offer作后置定语。 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Terracotta Army (兵马俑) was found in 1974 near Xi’an. It is formed of more than 8,000 sculptures, which ____17____ (bury) alongside the emperor Qin Shi Huang more than 2,200 years ago. Now, researchers have recreated the shoes of one soldier and analysis of them ____18____ (suggest) that shoes worn by the terracotta sculptures were surprisingly flexible and slip resistant. If the recreated shoes ____19____ (true) reflect the real ones, they can help build a better picture of ____20____ Qin dynasty soldiers wore and how this might have aided them in battles. 【答案】17. were buried 18. suggests 19. truly 20. what 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了研究者对于兵马俑鞋子的研究和发现。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：它由8000多尊雕塑组成，这些雕塑在2200多年前与秦始皇一起埋葬。分析句子可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，空处作从句谓语，which指代先行词sculptures，表示复数，与bury构成被动关系，且结合more than 2,200 years ago可知，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were buried。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：现在，研究人员重新制作了一名士兵的鞋子，对鞋子的分析表明，兵马俑雕塑所穿的鞋子具有惊人的柔韧性和防滑性。and并列两个句子，空处为后一个句子的谓语，主语analysis为单数，suggest意思为：表明，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填suggests。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果重现的鞋子真实地反映了真实的鞋子，它们可以帮助我们更好地了解秦朝士兵的穿着，以及这对他们在战斗中的帮助。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词reflect，用副词作状语。故填truly。 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，of为介词，其后为宾语从句，从句Qin dynasty soldiers wore中wore后缺少宾语，表示事物，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Most Helpful Apps for Students There's almost an app for everything nowadays, and this can make student life easier, cheaper, safer and more fun. Whether you want help with taking notes, revising, waking up on time or keeping fit， read on for our student app picks． Lecture recording apps Just a few years ago, students attending lectures would have to spend the entire time writing wildly on notepads, in order not to miss any vital bit of information. Then along came technology, and now， lecture recording apps are a reality. Sound Note is a popular lecture recording app for iPad users. You can store an entire lecture in both visual and audio form. Other good quality lecture recording apps include Notes Plus and Audio Memos Free—The Voice Recorder. Student planner apps Organization is key for success and well-being at university, and student planner apps are becoming increasingly popular. As well as saving on paper, many student planner apps also send reminders and warnings straight to your phone or device. Popular student planner apps include Timetable, My Class Schedule and Class Timetable. Student safety apps A number of apps for students have been developed promoting personal safety if out alone at night. The Circle of Six app is particularly useful for locating lost friends on nights out and also allows users to send their circle of six friends an instant call for help at the touch of a button. The GPS tracker will mark your location on your friends" devices, ensuring you'll always be able to find one another if necessary. Other student apps that promote safety include bSafe and React Mobile. Healthy eating apps If you're interested in eating healthily while keeping to a student budget, consider downloading a few healthy eating apps. Examples I've come across which are perfect apps for students include Rockin Ramen， a student app featuring a number of nutritious recipes with Ramen as a main ingredient, and MealBoard, an app which plans healthy meals, grocery shops and recipes based on what you've got in the fridge. 21. Which apps send reminders to users? A. Student planner apps. B. Lecture recording apps. C. Student safety apps. D. Healthy eating apps. 22. What can we learn about the Circle of Six app? A. It allows users to seek help during an emergency. B. It encourages users to communicate with friends. C. It enables users to store an entire lecture. D. It helps users to lead a healthy life. 23. The main purpose of the passage is to . A. categorize apps B. introduce apps C. evaluate apps D. compare apps 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几款对于学生来讲最好用的应用软件。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“As well as saving on paper, many student planner apps also send reminders and warnings straight to your phone or device. ”可知，很多学生计划软件也可以直接向你的手机或设备发送提醒和警告，A项Student planner apps切题。故选A项。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“The Circle of Six app is particularly useful for locating lost friends on nights out and also allows users to send their circle of six friends an instant call for help at the touch of a button.”可知The Circle of Six应用软件对于定位在夜间迷路的朋友很有用，并且允许使用者按一个按钮就可以给使用The Circle of Six的朋友发即时求救，A项切合题意。故选A项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。文章的第一段是主题段。作者在这一段中首先从整体上介绍了学生使用手机应用软件的益处，然后在下面的几段中具体介绍了每个应用软件的特点，因此B项符合题意。故选B项。 Jeremy Locke, who owns a roofing and construction company in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, had always been wanting to repair the roof of Jeanette MacDonald's home. Whenever he drove past the woman's home, he assumed that the roof was under repair because the job had already been taken on by another group of repairmen — but as the weeks wore on, the roof continued to worsen without any signs of repair. “I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, I'd be more than happy to,” Locke told CBC. When Locke finally reached out to MacDonald about fixing her roof for free, however, she politely declined his offer because she did not like to accept charity. That being said, she had already applied for a government grant (补助金) to fix the roof and she said she was more than happy to hire Locke once her grant application was approved. Unfortunately, MacDonald never received the approval. As the stubborn Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle(抽奖)that his business was holding for a free roof After the grandmother-of-four accepted one of the raffle tickets. Locke told her that she was the winner — because she was the only one who had entered the raffle Thanks to his sweet little plan, Locke and his crew are starting work on the roof this week, which is expected to cost his company about $ 9,000. MacDonald, meanwhile, told CBC that she doesn't know how to express her gratitude to Locke, saying that he is her “guardian angel”. “There's nobody out there like him,” she added. 24. Why did MacDonald refuse Locke's offer initially? A. She didn't trust him. B. She had won a raffle. C. She didn't like free help. D. She had got an official grant. 25. How did Locke finally make MacDonald change her mind? A. He persuaded her to give up her application. B. He invited her to enter his business. C. He gave her about $ 9,000. D. He told her a white lie. 26. Which of the following words best describe Locke? A. Stubborn and tricky. B. Wealthy and innocent. C. Determined and warm-hearted. D. Different and ambitious. 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了建筑公司老板 Locke一心想帮助老人 MacDonald免费修理屋顶，并通过一个善意的谎言最终得以实现的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When Locke finally reached out to MacDonald about fixing her roof for free, however, she politely declined his offer because she did not like to accept charity. (然而，当Locke最终向MacDonald提出免费修理她的屋顶时，她礼貌地拒绝了他的提议，因为她不喜欢接受施舍)”可知，MacDonald不愿意接受免费的帮助，故选C项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“As the stubborn Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help. He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle (抽奖) that his business was holding for a free roof. After the grandmother-of-four accepted one of the raffle tickets. Locke told her that she was the winner — because she was the only one who had entered the raffle. Thanks to his sweet little plan, Locke and his crew are starting work on the roof this week, which is expected to cost his company about $ 9,000.(当这个固执的加拿大老人拒绝接受任何来自Locke的帮助时，这个富有同情心的建筑工人为了让她接受他的帮助耍了一个无辜的把戏。他邀请麦克唐纳参加他公司为免费提供屋顶而举办的抽奖活动。这位四个孩子的祖母接受了其中一张抽奖券。Locke告诉她，她是获胜者，因为她是唯一一个参加抽奖的人。由于他的小计划，Locke和他的团队本周开始在屋顶上工作，预计这将花费他的公司约9000美元)”可知，Locke看到MacDonald一直拒绝Locke的援助，于是对MacDonald撒了一个善意的谎言，在这个小计划的作用下，Locke终于开始免费修理MacDonald的屋顶。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Locke在接受CBC采访时表示：“我当时想，如果在我们的社区里没有人站出来帮助这位女士，我将非常乐意去做。””可知，Locke是热心的；结合第五段“As the stubborn Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help. He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle (抽奖) that his business was holding for a free roof. After the grandmother-of-four accepted one of the raffle tickets. Locke told her that she was the winner — because she was the only one who had entered the raffle.(当这个固执的加拿大老人拒绝接受任何来自Locke的帮助时，这个富有同情心的建筑工人为了让她接受他的帮助耍了一个无辜的把戏。他邀请麦克唐纳参加他公司为免费提供屋顶而举办的抽奖活动。这位四个孩子的祖母接受了其中一张抽奖券。Locke告诉她，她是获胜者，因为她是唯一一个参加抽奖的人)”可知，Locke在MacDonald一直拒绝他的援助之后还想出了善意的谎言让她接受帮助的行为，证明他是有决心的，故选C项。 The technology for speech-recognition systems has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s. Many voice systems can understand the language when spoken at a normal conversational rate. But even the advanced human-machine interfaces(人机交互) used today are unable to trick the listeners into thinking a computer is a human. Why is this? Simply put, it’s because human beings rely on more than words to convey ideas or interpret messages, such as tones, facial expressions, body movements, and objects in the world around them. One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers is virtual personal assistants (VPAs) on mobile phones. If you tell a mobile phone VPA that you want to schedule a lunch with a friend, it can set the appointment in your phone in seconds. The VPA can also hold a basic “conversation” and has earned fame for its elementary sense of humour. Still, the humour is preprogrammed and can be triggered only when human users speak certain key words. While the potential for “real” communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people. Some experts worry about people’s attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human-to-human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations. They worry that people won’t be able to display the right emotion or tone in conversations because they haven’t been practising those skills. Others fear that machines will take over functions that were traditionally performed by humans, such as customer service. Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy(侵犯隐私)．When people use certain speech-recognition applications, they leave behind an audio track of their speech. When you ask a VPA for directions, your speech is sent and saved to a remote server for processing. This digital trail may lead to data mining, or the collection of large quantities of personal data. For now, however, the continuing evolution of speech-recognition software is worth expecting. Leading companies in the field hope to make human communication with machines as seamless as possible, just like communicating with another human. 27. According to the passage, what can a VPA do? A. Entertain users with original jokes. B. Make people regard it as a human. C. Hold preprogrammed conversations. D. Display the right tones in conversations. 28. Which situation reflects the concerns mentioned in the passage? A. One VPA service was priced higher for protecting users’ privacy. B. An airline bore high costs for applying VPAs to its online service. C. An app failed to offer the right direction when given spoken instructions. D. Some teenagers became more socially awkward due to the addiction to VPAs. 29. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To inform readers of the double-edged quality of a new technology. B. To inspire readers to explore the future of a new technology. C. To promote the application of a new technology. D. To stress the convenience of a new technology. 30. What might be the best title of the passage? A. The worries over VPAs. B. Talking to technology. C. The world of technology. D. Listening to “a real person.” 【答案】27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了语音识别技术不断的发展，但是再高级的技术也无法实现“真人发声”的效果，同时指出，语音识别技术可能会产生一些负面影响，比如侵犯个人隐私等，但是，就目前而言，语音识别软件的不断发展值得人们的期待。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The VPA can also hold a basic “conversation” and has earned fame for its elementary sense of humour. Still, the humour is preprogrammed and can be triggered only when human users speak certain key words.(VPA还可以进行基本的“对话”，并因其基本的幽默感而声名鹊起。尽管如此，幽默是预先编程的，只有在人类用户说出某些关键词时才能触发。)”可知，尽管VPA可以进行基本的对话，甚至会在对话时有幽默感，但是这些幽默都是预先编程的，所以，VPA能够完成预先编程好的对话。故选C项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some experts worry about people’s attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human-to-human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations.(一些专家担心人们对这些机器的依恋，并担心成功的人与人对话的艺术在年轻一代中将得不到发展。)”可知，人们一旦对机器产生了依恋，那人与人对话的艺术在青年一代就可能得不到发展，分析选项可知，D项描述的现象与文中的担心有关。故选D项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers is virtual personal assistants (VPAs) on mobile phones. If you tell a mobile phone VPA that you want to schedule a lunch with a friend, it can set the appointment in your phone in seconds.(在会说话的计算机领域，最近取得的一项重大成就是手机上的虚拟个人助理（VPA）。如果您告诉手机VPA您想与朋友安排午餐，它可以在几秒钟内在您的手机中设置约会。)”可知，语音识别系统的开发，给人们带来了一些便利，再根据第三段中的“While the potential for “real” communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people.(虽然人与机器之间“真正”通信的潜力似乎令人兴奋，但这种可能性会使一些人担忧。)”以及下文中讲述的一些由语音识别技术产生的担忧问题可知，尽管人机交流的潜力令人兴奋，但是这也会使得人们产生一些担忧，由此可以判断，该文目的是告知读者技术的双面特点。故选A项。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The technology for speech-recognition systems has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s. Many voice systems can understand the language when spoken at a normal conversational rate.(自 1950 年代出现以来，语音识别系统技术取得了长足的进步。许多语音系统在以正常的会话速率说话时可以理解该语言。)”以及下文中讲述的语音识别系统的一些弊端，以及语音识别技术引发的一些问题，和最后一段中对语音识别系统开发的期待，可以判断全文均是讲解的语音识别系统的相关信息，所以“与技术对话”符合文章内容。故选B项。 Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies- although, in fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. The phenomenon has long existed since the first Earth Day in 1970, when companies spent $300 million advertising themselves as green companies—many times more than the money they actually spent on research into pollution reduction itself. And the trend continued over the following decades when some of the planet’s worst polluters tried to pass themselves off as eco-friendly. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever- more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide dark motives. Of course, some businesses are genuinely committed to making the world a better, greener place. But when a company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan(口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception. And what about today s consumers? Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else would companies do it? More information and greater awareness are essential. Analysing the tricks used by advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non- governmental organisations can spread the word. Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must be put in place. So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer. 31. What can we learn about greenwashing? A. It is an ecological concept. B. It is a marketing technique. C. It is an awareness campaign. D. It is an advertising innovation. 32. What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Hide the truth. B. Raise the risk. C. Expose the weakness. D. Break the limit. 33. What can be inferred about most consumers? A. They are lacking in legal knowledge. B. They have encouraged greenwashing. C. They may question consumer groups. D. They tend to make sensible decisions. 34. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Actions to fight false advertising. B. Ways to protect customers’ interest. C. Attempts to solve environmental problems. D. Proposals to ensure sustainable development. 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在社会中不光有企业致力于让世界变得更美好、更环保，也有一些公司夸大效果、编造数据，试图用环保理念掩盖其黑暗的动机。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies- although, in fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources.(几乎每天都有公司在精心制作的广告中告诉我们，他们为我们的环境做出了多大的贡献。发电厂的烟囱里会长出花朵；SUV出现在自然栖息地；石油公司使用阳光、友好的标志，并承诺使用更清洁的技术——尽管事实上，他们没有在可再生能源或替代能源上投入足够的资金。)”中，作者举例说明现状，即很多高污染公司会利用广告试图向外界表达自己绿色、环保的生产经营理念，而实际上却并没有真正做到环保。由此可以推测出，所以对于这些公司来说，假装自己环保只是一种打广告的营销手段。故选B项。 【32题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception.(充其量，这种“洗绿”将事实推到了极限；在最坏的情况下，它有助于掩盖欺骗。)”，分析句子成分可知，it指的是上文提到的greenwashing这个现象；上文“Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”.(他们传递的信息是“购买我们的产品，你就能结束全球变暖，改善空气质量，拯救海洋”。)”中，作者再次举例说明一些公司“声称”自己是环保企业，宣传虚假信息，欺骗消费者，而购买这些产品并不能结束全球变暖、改善空气质量，这些企业只不过是想利益最大化，吸引更多的顾客以谋取更多的利益；所以“洗绿”这件事情能够帮助这些企业隐藏他们的真实想法，即隐瞒真相。故选A项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true.(他们中很少有人能真正有准备地对真相做出明智的判断和决定。)”可知，他们很少有人做出明智的判断，是否具有法知识无法推断。故D选项：They tend to make sensible decisions.(他们倾向于做出明智的决定。)错误；A选项：They are lacking in legal knowledge.（他们缺乏法律知识。）错误。根据“Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies.（消费者团体可以惩罚环保公司。）可知，消费者团体是支持真正的环保的。文中无法推断出大部分消费者质疑消费者团体”故C选项错误。根据“Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else would companies do it?（漂绿之所以成为可能，是因为消费者经常相信别人告诉他们的，否则公司为什么会这样做？）”可知，消费者相信广告公司的漂绿行为，助长了公司的虚假环保的行为。故B选项：They have encouraged greenwashing.（他们已经鼓励了漂绿行为）正确。故选B。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer.(所有这些肯定都是问题的核心：广告的真正影响是推广不可持续的生活方式。这就是我们星球面临的真正危险，一种不能再被忽视的危险。)”可知，本段讲的是虚假广告会引发民众不可持续的生活方式和地球的不可持续发展，所以为了解决这一核心问题，需要采取行动打击虚假广告。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___35___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth. People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”. ___36___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem “sure of themselves”. If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___37___ However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___38___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems. ___39___ It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result. A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though. B. You have the power to shape a new self-perception. C. This encourages you to speak openly without worry. D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes. E. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth. F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence. G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth. 【答案】35. A 36. F 37. G 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【导语】文章是一篇说明文，讲述了自尊的定义，拥有健康自尊的人们的特征和低自尊人群对自身的危害，最后对于如何正确提升自尊给出了建议。 【35题详解】 空格下文“ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled.”（有些人即使很能干、很有技能，也可能会发展出低自尊。）这个例子与空格前没有呼应，选项A“Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.”（然而，自尊并不总是根植于现实。）与这个例子存在论点和论据的关系，故选择A。 【36题详解】 这段第一句“People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. ”（有健康自尊的人不需要向别人吹嘘自己。）可见，整一段都在讲健康自尊的人们。再者空格后“They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. ”（他们不羞于分享想法，包括对他人的建设性批评。）可知，选项F的“People with a healthy level of self-esteem ”与整段的指代一致，故选择F。 【37题详解】 根据空格前“When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor.....Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help.”(当你停止消极的自我对话时，你就能敞开心扉......继续，直到它变得越来越少，也许甚至是在镜子里的几个尴尬的笑可能会有帮助。)可知，讲述改变低自尊状态的方法，与选项G"With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth."(通过一些练习和坚持，你会赢得这场内在的斗争，看到你的自我价值。),中的练习和坚持这些方法相对应，故选G。 【38题详解】 空格前“professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ”（做心理治疗的专业人员不会通过判断或给予纠正。）可知，这个现象与选项C中指代的this指代一致，专业人员不会判断或者纠正，所以这将鼓励你去放开说。故选择C. 【39题详解】 空格后“It will take some work but your entire life—from your relationships to your body image to your work habits”（这需要付出一些努力，但你的整个生活——从你的人际关系到你的身体形象，再到你的工作习惯），可知it 指代与选项B"You have the power to shape a new self-perception(你有能力塑造一种新的自我认知)相一致，可知新的自我认知需要一些努力，但会让你受益颇多。故选择B. 第四部分 书面表达（共一节，12分） 阅读表达（共4小题；第60、61题各2分，第62题3分，第63题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today’s modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other. Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence. Assess yourself The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future. Practice good manners No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others’ backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. Ask questions When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them. Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone. 40. What is cultural competence according to the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can you think of to develop your cultural competence? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. 41. Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other. 42. To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. 43. To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍是什么是“文化能力”，它的重要性，以及提高这种能力的方法。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.(从本质上讲，文化能力被定义为理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力)”可知，文化能力是理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力。故答案为：It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other.(具有强大文化能力的人可以创造性地解决这些问题，即使一开始似乎不可能解决。更重要的是，思考和关心有不同经历的人可以带来一种理解感。这有助于在彼此之间建立信任)”可知，在跨文化环境中文化能力对人们来说很重要是因为，有了它人们可以创造性地解决问题，并建立彼此之间的信任。故答案为：Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据Assess yourself部分的“This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future.(这可以让你对自己在该领域的优势和劣势有一个大致的了解，这样你就可以在未来提高自己)”和Practice good manners部分的“Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.(密切关注你的交流，确保你以一种友好和礼貌的方式与他人交谈)”可知，为了提高我们的文化能力，我们应该了解我们在这方面的优势和劣势，当我们不理解他人的行为时，我们应该礼貌地提出问题。因此错误部分是“even if we may speak in an impolite way”，因为根据原文所述，我们应该确保以友好和礼貌的方式与他人交流。故答案为：To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. 【43题详解】 开放性问题。结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：为了培养文化能力，我们应该通过阅读相关书籍和在线搜索信息来了解不同的文化，从而获得知识。建议参加跨文化交流研讨会，与来自不同背景的人互动，以提高我们的跨文化交流技能。故答案为：To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京景山学校远洋分校高二年级2026—2027学年第一学期 英语学科10月月考试题 第一节 完形填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Pam Bales, an experienced hiker, stepped onto snow-covered Jewell Trail. The hike up the lower part of Jewell was pleasant. But less than an hour later, the weather was showing its teeth. Bales began to think about calling it a day. Then she noticed something: a single set of ____1____in the snow ahead of her. She’d been____2____unclear tracks all day and hadn’t given them much____3____, because so many people climb Jewell Trail. But these, as a volunteer of the Valley Search and Rescue Team, she realized, had been made by a pair of sneakers, which was surely not for this kind of trail 2. Strong wind screamed, and ____4____was just hours away. If Bales continued to follow the tracks she’d add risk to the journey. But the tracks ahead meant someone might be in trouble. She could not let this go. She silently scolded (责骂) the absent hiker for____5____normal safety rules and struggled to walk carefully in the direction of the tracks. After about 20 to 30 yards, she rounded a corner and saw a man sitting motionless. He wore tennis sneakers and a light jacket. She checked him for any sign of ____6____.There was none. Bales had been trained in search and rescue and knew that he was hypothermic (体温过低) and would die soon if he didn’t get out of there. The man said he had lost his way and was extremely cold. Bales brought a pair of soft-shell pants, a winter hat, and a ja ket from her pack. She helped the man pull the warm, dry layers onto his body and offered him some hot cocoa.____7____ he stood. She offered continuous encouragement —“Keep going! You’re doing great.” Just before 6 p.m., they arrived at the trailhead very tired. Her climb up to the spot where she ____8____ the man had taken about four hours. Two hours had passed since then. A week later, the president of Bales’ rescue group received a letter in the mail. It read: “On Sunday October 17, I went up my trail, Jewell.____9____ was to be bad. But without thinking too much I was dressed to go quickly. Next thing I knew this lady was talking to me, changing my clothes, making me warmer. She just kept encouraging me. Finally, I learned her name was Pam. The entire time she treated me with compassion (同情心),confidence, and one hundred percent commitment 3...” In the nine years since she saved John, Bales has become something of a hiking legend (传奇人物). It’s a(n) ____10____ she never sought or wanted, but one she certainly has earned. 1. A. clothes B. tools C. gloves D. footprints 2. A. recording B. following C. covering D. leaving 3. A. response B. expectation C. thought D. hope 4. A. success B. darkness C. freedom D. disaster 5. A. knowing B. making C. judging D. breaking 6. A. injury B. life C. power D. loss 7. A. Unwillingly B. Nervously C. Immediately D. Slowly 8. A. treated B. observed C. located D. protected 9. A. Chance B. Weather C. Health D. Sight 10. A. title B. fortune C. opportunity D. option 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhao Chuang is a science artist working in Beijing,____11____ job bridges science and art by painting and sculpturing ancient extinct species. Zhao reproduces each element described in papers on the history of life in an artistic way, and the ____12____ (blank) in scientific research are filled by his logic and imagination. His painting of a prehistoric flying animal became the cover of important scientific journal Nature in 2006, a highlight in his career ____13____ a science artist. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Harbin, ____14____ (know) for its ice and snow festivals, became very popular last winter. An increasing number of tourists ____15____ (rush) to the “Ice City of China” to experience the best of ice and snow culture. Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more ____16____ (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. The city’s individual attractions make it a must-see spot no matter the weather. 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Terracotta Army (兵马俑) was found in 1974 near Xi’an. It is formed of more than 8,000 sculptures, which ____17____ (bury) alongside the emperor Qin Shi Huang more than 2,200 years ago. Now, researchers have recreated the shoes of one soldier and analysis of them ____18____ (suggest) that shoes worn by the terracotta sculptures were surprisingly flexible and slip resistant. If the recreated shoes ____19____ (true) reflect the real ones, they can help build a better picture of ____20____ Qin dynasty soldiers wore and how this might have aided them in battles. 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Most Helpful Apps for Students There's almost an app for everything nowadays, and this can make student life easier, cheaper, safer and more fun. Whether you want help with taking notes, revising, waking up on time or keeping fit， read on for our student app picks． Lecture recording apps Just a few years ago, students attending lectures would have to spend the entire time writing wildly on notepads, in order not to miss any vital bit of information. Then along came technology, and now， lecture recording apps are a reality. Sound Note is a popular lecture recording app for iPad users. You can store an entire lecture in both visual and audio form. Other good quality lecture recording apps include Notes Plus and Audio Memos Free—The Voice Recorder. Student planner apps Organization is key for success and well-being at university, and student planner apps are becoming increasingly popular. As well as saving on paper, many student planner apps also send reminders and warnings straight to your phone or device. Popular student planner apps include Timetable, My Class Schedule and Class Timetable. Student safety apps A number of apps for students have been developed promoting personal safety if out alone at night. The Circle of Six app is particularly useful for locating lost friends on nights out and also allows users to send their circle of six friends an instant call for help at the touch of a button. The GPS tracker will mark your location on your friends" devices, ensuring you'll always be able to find one another if necessary. Other student apps that promote safety include bSafe and React Mobile. Healthy eating apps If you're interested in eating healthily while keeping to a student budget, consider downloading a few healthy eating apps. Examples I've come across which are perfect apps for students include Rockin Ramen， a student app featuring a number of nutritious recipes with Ramen as a main ingredient, and MealBoard, an app which plans healthy meals, grocery shops and recipes based on what you've got in the fridge. 21. Which apps send reminders to users? A. Student planner apps. B. Lecture recording apps. C. Student safety apps. D. Healthy eating apps. 22. What can we learn about the Circle of Six app? A. It allows users to seek help during an emergency. B. It encourages users to communicate with friends. C. It enables users to store an entire lecture. D. It helps users to lead a healthy life. 23. The main purpose of the passage is to . A. categorize apps B. introduce apps C. evaluate apps D. compare apps Jeremy Locke, who owns a roofing and construction company in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, had always been wanting to repair the roof of Jeanette MacDonald's home. Whenever he drove past the woman's home, he assumed that the roof was under repair because the job had already been taken on by another group of repairmen — but as the weeks wore on, the roof continued to worsen without any signs of repair. “I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, I'd be more than happy to,” Locke told CBC. When Locke finally reached out to MacDonald about fixing her roof for free, however, she politely declined his offer because she did not like to accept charity. That being said, she had already applied for a government grant (补助金) to fix the roof and she said she was more than happy to hire Locke once her grant application was approved. Unfortunately, MacDonald never received the approval. As the stubborn Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle(抽奖)that his business was holding for a free roof After the grandmother-of-four accepted one of the raffle tickets. Locke told her that she was the winner — because she was the only one who had entered the raffle Thanks to his sweet little plan, Locke and his crew are starting work on the roof this week, which is expected to cost his company about $ 9,000. MacDonald, meanwhile, told CBC that she doesn't know how to express her gratitude to Locke, saying that he is her “guardian angel”. “There's nobody out there like him,” she added. 24. Why did MacDonald refuse Locke's offer initially? A. She didn't trust him. B. She had won a raffle. C. She didn't like free help. D. She had got an official grant. 25. How did Locke finally make MacDonald change her mind? A. He persuaded her to give up her application. B. He invited her to enter his business. C. He gave her about $ 9,000. D. He told her a white lie. 26. Which of the following words best describe Locke? A. Stubborn and tricky. B. Wealthy and innocent. C. Determined and warm-hearted. D. Different and ambitious. The technology for speech-recognition systems has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s. Many voice systems can understand the language when spoken at a normal conversational rate. But even the advanced human-machine interfaces(人机交互) used today are unable to trick the listeners into thinking a computer is a human. Why is this? Simply put, it’s because human beings rely on more than words to convey ideas or interpret messages, such as tones, facial expressions, body movements, and objects in the world around them. One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers is virtual personal assistants (VPAs) on mobile phones. If you tell a mobile phone VPA that you want to schedule a lunch with a friend, it can set the appointment in your phone in seconds. The VPA can also hold a basic “conversation” and has earned fame for its elementary sense of humour. Still, the humour is preprogrammed and can be triggered only when human users speak certain key words. While the potential for “real” communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people. Some experts worry about people’s attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human-to-human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations. They worry that people won’t be able to display the right emotion or tone in conversations because they haven’t been practising those skills. Others fear that machines will take over functions that were traditionally performed by humans, such as customer service. Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy(侵犯隐私)．When people use certain speech-recognition applications, they leave behind an audio track of their speech. When you ask a VPA for directions, your speech is sent and saved to a remote server for processing. This digital trail may lead to data mining, or the collection of large quantities of personal data. For now, however, the continuing evolution of speech-recognition software is worth expecting. Leading companies in the field hope to make human communication with machines as seamless as possible, just like communicating with another human. 27. According to the passage, what can a VPA do? A. Entertain users with original jokes. B. Make people regard it as a human. C. Hold preprogrammed conversations. D. Display the right tones in conversations. 28. Which situation reflects the concerns mentioned in the passage? A. One VPA service was priced higher for protecting users’ privacy. B. An airline bore high costs for applying VPAs to its online service. C. An app failed to offer the right direction when given spoken instructions. D. Some teenagers became more socially awkward due to the addiction to VPAs. 29. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To inform readers of the double-edged quality of a new technology. B. To inspire readers to explore the future of a new technology. C. To promote the application of a new technology. D. To stress the convenience of a new technology. 30. What might be the best title of the passage? A. The worries over VPAs. B. Talking to technology. C. The world of technology. D. Listening to “a real person.” Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies- although, in fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. The phenomenon has long existed since the first Earth Day in 1970, when companies spent $300 million advertising themselves as green companies—many times more than the money they actually spent on research into pollution reduction itself. And the trend continued over the following decades when some of the planet’s worst polluters tried to pass themselves off as eco-friendly. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever- more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide dark motives. Of course, some businesses are genuinely committed to making the world a better, greener place. But when a company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan(口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception. And what about today s consumers? Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else would companies do it? More information and greater awareness are essential. Analysing the tricks used by advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non- governmental organisations can spread the word. Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must be put in place. So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer. 31. What can we learn about greenwashing? A. It is an ecological concept. B. It is a marketing technique. C. It is an awareness campaign. D. It is an advertising innovation. 32. What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Hide the truth. B. Raise the risk. C. Expose the weakness. D. Break the limit. 33. What can be inferred about most consumers? A. They are lacking in legal knowledge. B. They have encouraged greenwashing. C. They may question consumer groups. D. They tend to make sensible decisions. 34. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Actions to fight false advertising. B. Ways to protect customers’ interest. C. Attempts to solve environmental problems. D. Proposals to ensure sustainable development. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___35___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth. People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”. ___36___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem “sure of themselves”. If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___37___ However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___38___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems. ___39___ It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result. A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though. B. You have the power to shape a new self-perception. C. This encourages you to speak openly without worry. D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes. E. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth. F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence. G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth. 第四部分 书面表达（共一节，12分） 阅读表达（共4小题；第60、61题各2分，第62题3分，第63题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today’s modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other. Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence. Assess yourself The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future. Practice good manners No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others’ backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. Ask questions When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them. Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone. 40. What is cultural competence according to the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can you think of to develop your cultural competence? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $