专题04 首字母填空-【题型易-必考题型精练】2026-2027学年八年级上册英语期中考前梯度特训（外研版·天津专用）

考前特训 专题04 首字母填空 期中考满分冲刺（天津专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 首字母填空（短文填空）是天津中考英语中区分度较高的题型，考查学生在语篇中根据首字母提示、语法规则与上下文逻辑写出正确单词的能力。每空限填一词，既考“想得出”，更考“写正确”。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、80 道小题，篇幅在 152—376 词之间，话题紧贴八年级上册（外研版）单元主题，涵盖宠物狗 Coco 的日常、外貌与内在美、交谈的艺术、Jack 与 Peter 的友谊、寻找快乐的富人、南京为环卫工人发放降温背心、环保小发明、蔡伦造纸等。 二、命题特点 （1）首字母即“半个答案”：提示字母已经框定了词形起点，但仍需结合搭配与语境判断词性与词义。 （2）实词为主、虚词为辅：名词、动词、形容词、副词约占八成，介词、连词、代词约占两成。 （3）必考“词形变化”：同一词根需变形才能得分，如 run → runs、visit → visited、happy → happiest、try → trying。 （4）固定搭配频繁出现：look after、once a week、be based on、be worth doing、spend time doing 等。 （5）语篇逻辑定词：如 but、however、Instead 一类转折信号，往往决定所填词的褒贬方向。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 8 篇梳理） 通过对 80 道小题的归类，核心考点可归纳为以下六类： （1）名词（约 18 题）：name、friend、height、team、problems、invention 等，注意可数与复数。 （2）动词时态与主谓一致（约 20 题）：runs、visited、decided、made、carries 等。 （3）形容词与副词（约 18 题）：unhappy、polite、similar、easily、carefully 等。 （4）介词与连词（约 10 题）：by、without、Though、Instead 等。 （5）非谓语动词（约 8 题）：spend time doing、be worth doing、keep trying 等。 （6）代词与固定短语（约 6 题）：him、either、look after、once a week 等。 一、四步解题法 第一步：通读全文，抓住话题与文体（记叙、说明、议论），预判可能出现的词场（如“宠物”篇多宠物照料词）。 第二步：逐空判断词性——看空前后是否有冠词、形容词、介词、主语，先定“填什么词性”，再定“填什么词”。 第三步：借首字母缩小范围，联想该字母开头的常见词，用搭配与句意逐一排除。 第四步：变形与复查——检查时态、单复数、比较级、大小写；再通读一遍，确认语法与语意双通。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】主谓一致与三单——以 Passage 1 题 3 为例：原文写道“When I come back home from school”，主语 he 是第三人称单数，且 always 表明是习惯性动作，因此动词 run 要加 -s 写作 runs。首字母填空题看到 he / she / it 作主语＋一般现在时，先想“加不加 -s”，这是最高频的失分点。 【点拨2】名词与固定短语——以 Passage 2 题 3 为例：原文写道“most people around us are of medium”，后面接 and medium build，与 build（体型）并列的必然是“身高”，故填 height。of medium height / of medium build 是描写外貌的固定搭配，背熟这一组，本空即可秒答。 【点拨3】副词修饰动词——以 Passage 3 题 2 为例：原文写道“speak clearly so they can understand you”，空处修饰动词 understand，必须用副词；结合首字母 e 与“说清楚—听得懂”的因果，填 easily。凡空前是实义动词、空后无名词，优先考虑副词。 【点拨4】现在完成时——以 Passage 3 题 9 为例：原文写道“After the talk, you might feel happy because you’ve”，you’ve 是 you have 的缩写，其后必须接过去分词，结合首字母 m 与“建立联系”的搭配 make a connection，填 made。看到 have / has / ’ve，先锁定过去分词。 【点拨5】名词单数与语境——以 Passage 4 题 3 为例：原文写道“The old lady thanked them warmly and said”，引号内是“You boys make a wonderful …”，a 之后接单数可数名词，且前文两人合力搬袋子，故填 team。冠词 a / an 后面永远跟单数可数名词，这是判断单复数最硬的信号。 【点拨6】副词与否定补充——以 Passage 5 题 5 为例：原文写道“met many rich men, but all of them said they were not happy”，not happy 后需要一个表示“也（不）”的词收尾，结合首字母 e 填 either。肯定句尾用 too，否定句尾用 either，这一对反义副词务必分清。 【点拨7】让步连词——以 Passage 6 题 6 为例：原文写道“it is a small improvement, it solves a big problem”，前后是“改进很小”与“解决大问题”的让步对比，结合首字母 T 填 Though，且位于句首须大写。让步关系常用 Although / Though，但 although 不能与 but 连用，写作时要留意。 【点拨8】非谓语固定结构——以 Passage 8 题 4 为例：原文写道“doing many experiments with different things”，前面是 He spent many years，spend time (in) doing sth 是固定结构，故填 trying。凡见到 spend / be worth / finish / enjoy / keep，后面一律用 -ing 形式，这是首字母填空的“送分点”。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“只填原形”：run → runs、visit → visited、happy → happiest，词形不变形一律不得分。 • 忌“忽略首字母大小写”：句首单词必须大写，如 Before、Though、Instead。 • 忌“名词单复数随意”：a / an 后接单数，these / some / many 后接复数。 • 忌“固定搭配记混”：look after（照顾）、be based on（基于）、be worth doing（值得做）要成组记忆。 Passage 1 Do you like dogs? I have a pet dog. His n 1 is Coco. He is white and brown. He is very cute. I love him very much. Coco is my best f 2 . He is very friendly. When I come back home from school, he always r 3 to me and wags (摇) his tail. He makes me happy. I often t 4 Coco for a walk in the park. He likes to run and play with other dogs. He is very active. Sometimes I play balls with h 5 . He can catch the ball in his m 6 . It is so fun! I need to l 7 after Coco. I give him food and water every day. I also give him a bath (洗澡) once a w 8 . He is a part of my family. I think having a pet is a w 9 experience. It teaches me to be caring (有爱心的) and r 10 . Do you want to have a pet too? Passage 2 Everyone wants to be a good-looking person, especially young people. Did you d 1 of being tall when you were young? If a girl has a beautiful face, maybe she can join in the storytelling when she grows u 2 . Of course, a handsome boy can take part in model shows. And a tall boy can be a basketball player. In fact, most people around us are of medium h 3 and medium build. For students, food can be useful to your body. If you want to be tall, you can drink more milk. Fruit and vegetables also make your body s 4 and healthy. Walking is good for our health. If you don’t want to w 5 glasses, you must have good reading habits to protect your eyes. Most people have ordinary faces. You can’t judge someone only b 6 his or her looks. A good appearance may be important for someone, but it isn’t all for your life. The inner beauty is the thing everyone n 7 . If you are kind and f 8 to people, they will like you. If you can use your abilities to help o 9 , you will be powerful and helpful. People may describe good looks differently, but the ideas about inner b 10 are the same. It’s the most important. Passage 3 Having a good talk with others is an art. B 1 starting a chat, you can prepare some simple topics to avoid awkward silence. When talking to someone, speak clearly so they can understand you e 2 . It’s also important to be p 3 —don’t interrupt (打断) others while they’re speaking. A good conversation n 4 both speaking and listening. Try to be a kind listener and show you care about their ideas. If you feel n 5 at first, take a deep breath and relax yourself. You can share small stories about your life, but don’t talk only about yourself—ask them q 6 too. Avoid talking about personal things like family arguments unless they bring it up. If the topic becomes boring, you can c 7 it to something more interesting, like a new book or a funny video. Remember to keep a smile and make eye contact—these small a 8 will make the chat enjoyable. After the talk, you might feel happy because you’ve m 9 a connection. With practice, you’ll get better at communicating and find that talking to others is not as hard as you think. So next time, don’t be a 10 to start a chat—it could lead to a new friendship. Passage 4 Jack and Peter have been neighbours since childhood. At first, they did not get along well because they had d 1 hobbies. Jack loved painting while Peter was crazy about basketball. They seldom spoke to each other.    One rainy afternoon, Jack was walking home from school when he saw an old lady struggling to carry heavy bags. He ran to help, but the bags were too heavy for one person. Just then, Peter came by and o 2 to help without hesitation. Together, they carried the bags all the way to the old lady’s house. The old lady thanked them warmly and said, “You boys make a wonderful t 3 .” Jack and Peter looked at each other and smiled. That day, they discovered that kindness was something they had in c 4 . Since then, they have become close friends. Jack has learned some basketball s 5 from Peter, and Peter has tried painting with Jack’s guidance. They often say that their friendship is b 6 on shared kindness rather than shared interests. Last week, Peter made a m 7 in an important exam and felt very upset. Jack did not laugh at him. I 8 , he encouraged Peter to keep trying. Peter was so t 9 that he wrote in his diary: “A true friend is someone who s 10 with you not only in happy moments but also in hard times.” Passage 5 Once upon a time there was a rich man in England. He had a lot of money, but he felt u 1 all the time. One day he went to see an old man to ask about happiness. The old man had a look at him, shook his head and said n 2 . Finally, the rich man left h 3 to look for happiness. He v 4 many places, met many rich men, but all of them said they were not happy e 5 . On his way home, the rich man saw a farmer w 6 in the fields. He went up to the farmer and asked, “ Could you tell me if you feel happy?” “Yes, I’m quite happy, “ the farmer answered. “Please tell me how you have found happiness, “asked the rich man. The farmer answered with a s 7 on his face, “That’s very easy. If you work h 8 , have three meals a day and go to bed early w 9 any worry, you’ll be the h 10 man in the world. “ Passage 6 Everyone knows how hot summer is in Nanjing. A warm little story recently won lots of praise online. Some street cleaners in Nanjing received cooling vests with small fans. With temperatures over 40℃, they no longer have to f 1 against extreme heat by themselves. At first sight, the cooling vest looks s 2 to common working vests. It has bright yellow cloth and reflective strips to keep workers s 3 . But if you look closely, you will find one quite small fan on each side of the vest. When the fans work, they pull outside air into the vest. The air flows upward and speeds up the evaporation of sweat. In this way, workers feel m 4 cooler. The fans get power from a portable power bank inside the vest’s pocket. A full charge can work for three to four hours. Workers can recharge it during lunch and keep using it in the afternoon. More than 20 such vests were handed out in Xuanwu District before the hot season. Street cleaners working on sunny roads like Jiming Temple Road were the f 5 to try them out. Workers who wore the vests shared: “I finally don’t need to wear sticky clothes covered with salt marks.” The story drew public attention for a simple reason. T 6 it is a small improvement, it solves a big problem. Street cleaners work outdoors in strong sunlight and face high risks of heatstroke. In the past, governments o 7 water and medicine. However, cooling vests directly deal with workers’ uncomfortable body feelings. Care changes from short-time comfort to all-day protection. Nearly all people online spoke highly of this idea. Many hoped the vests could be used across the country. Some said technology should serve common workers. One sentence spread quickly: How a city treats its workers shows its level of civilization. Still, the vests have practical p 8 to solve. Will the power last long enough? Who will repair them? Can cities afford the cost? People need to find answers. Even so, it is surely w 9 praising for taking this first step. The warmth of a city lies in the kindness shown to every common person. A small vest c 10 great respect for workers. We hope this cool wind can reach more cities and more outdoor workers. Passage 7 Tom’s dream is to use t 1 to make people’s lives better and protect the environment. He loves creating new things with it and often does small experiments at home. Last month, he won a small prize for his new invention at school—a useful tool designed for environmental protection. He decided to test out this small machine with Lily in the park. Early last Saturday morning, they met at the bus stop o 2 the library. Tom took a packet with gloves, rubbish bags and the new invention—a small machine he made—that could help pick up rubbish e 3 . “This invention is so c 4 !” Lily said happily. They planned to clean up the park near the community, as they often saw rubbish and dirty bottles there, which gave off a s 5 smell. What’s more, they knew such rubbish would bring r 6 to both people’s health and the environment, so they hoped to do something to change it. When they arrived at the park, they put on gloves and started working. Tom used his small machine to clean rubbish under the trees, while Lily collected plastic bottles in the bag. The small machine saved them a lot of time and effort. A passer-by who was walking past the park noticed their s 7 tool and the clean-up work, then came over to help happily. During the work, they talked about how to r 8 pollution. Lily added that they should also a 9 using too many plastic bags. They all agreed that everyone has the r 10 to protect the environment, and smart inventions can make the job easier. By noon, the park became clean and tidy. Though they were tired, they felt very happy. Tom realized that his small invention and their small actions could make a big difference. He decided to keep working on new inventions to help more people live in a better world. Passage 8 Cai Lun was known as one of the greatest inventors in ancient China during the Han Dynasty. He c 1 the world by creating paper. Before his wonderful creation, people had to use heavy bamboo to w 2 . When Cai Lun worked as an official (官员) in the Royal Palace, he noticed this big problem and d 3 to solve it. He spent many years t 4 doing many experiments with different things like tree bark (树皮), old clothes and fishing nets. And luckily, he finally s 5 in making the first paper in 105AD．His i 6 surprised everyone because it was light and cheap. It also made books easier and cheaper to produce. The emperor was so happy that he a 7 Cai Lun to improve the method (方法). Soon, paper making workshops were held in many cities across the country in order to spread (传播) the technology. Because of Cai Lun’s hard work, it allowed people to s 8 knowledge more widely than before. Today, we use paper every day for books, newspapers and many other things in our modern life. It has b 9 an important part of our daily life. But we should remember how difficult its success is and thank Cai Lun for n 10 giving up. 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题04 首字母填空 期中考满分冲刺（天津专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 首字母填空（短文填空）是天津中考英语中区分度较高的题型，考查学生在语篇中根据首字母提示、语法规则与上下文逻辑写出正确单词的能力。每空限填一词，既考“想得出”，更考“写正确”。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、80 道小题，篇幅在 152—376 词之间，话题紧贴八年级上册（外研版）单元主题，涵盖宠物狗 Coco 的日常、外貌与内在美、交谈的艺术、Jack 与 Peter 的友谊、寻找快乐的富人、南京为环卫工人发放降温背心、环保小发明、蔡伦造纸等。 二、命题特点 （1）首字母即“半个答案”：提示字母已经框定了词形起点，但仍需结合搭配与语境判断词性与词义。 （2）实词为主、虚词为辅：名词、动词、形容词、副词约占八成，介词、连词、代词约占两成。 （3）必考“词形变化”：同一词根需变形才能得分，如 run → runs、visit → visited、happy → happiest、try → trying。 （4）固定搭配频繁出现：look after、once a week、be based on、be worth doing、spend time doing 等。 （5）语篇逻辑定词：如 but、however、Instead 一类转折信号，往往决定所填词的褒贬方向。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 8 篇梳理） 通过对 80 道小题的归类，核心考点可归纳为以下六类： （1）名词（约 18 题）：name、friend、height、team、problems、invention 等，注意可数与复数。 （2）动词时态与主谓一致（约 20 题）：runs、visited、decided、made、carries 等。 （3）形容词与副词（约 18 题）：unhappy、polite、similar、easily、carefully 等。 （4）介词与连词（约 10 题）：by、without、Though、Instead 等。 （5）非谓语动词（约 8 题）：spend time doing、be worth doing、keep trying 等。 （6）代词与固定短语（约 6 题）：him、either、look after、once a week 等。 一、四步解题法 第一步：通读全文，抓住话题与文体（记叙、说明、议论），预判可能出现的词场（如“宠物”篇多宠物照料词）。 第二步：逐空判断词性——看空前后是否有冠词、形容词、介词、主语，先定“填什么词性”，再定“填什么词”。 第三步：借首字母缩小范围，联想该字母开头的常见词，用搭配与句意逐一排除。 第四步：变形与复查——检查时态、单复数、比较级、大小写；再通读一遍，确认语法与语意双通。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】主谓一致与三单——以 Passage 1 题 3 为例：原文写道“When I come back home from school”，主语 he 是第三人称单数，且 always 表明是习惯性动作，因此动词 run 要加 -s 写作 runs。首字母填空题看到 he / she / it 作主语＋一般现在时，先想“加不加 -s”，这是最高频的失分点。 【点拨2】名词与固定短语——以 Passage 2 题 3 为例：原文写道“most people around us are of medium”，后面接 and medium build，与 build（体型）并列的必然是“身高”，故填 height。of medium height / of medium build 是描写外貌的固定搭配，背熟这一组，本空即可秒答。 【点拨3】副词修饰动词——以 Passage 3 题 2 为例：原文写道“speak clearly so they can understand you”，空处修饰动词 understand，必须用副词；结合首字母 e 与“说清楚—听得懂”的因果，填 easily。凡空前是实义动词、空后无名词，优先考虑副词。 【点拨4】现在完成时——以 Passage 3 题 9 为例：原文写道“After the talk, you might feel happy because you’ve”，you’ve 是 you have 的缩写，其后必须接过去分词，结合首字母 m 与“建立联系”的搭配 make a connection，填 made。看到 have / has / ’ve，先锁定过去分词。 【点拨5】名词单数与语境——以 Passage 4 题 3 为例：原文写道“The old lady thanked them warmly and said”，引号内是“You boys make a wonderful …”，a 之后接单数可数名词，且前文两人合力搬袋子，故填 team。冠词 a / an 后面永远跟单数可数名词，这是判断单复数最硬的信号。 【点拨6】副词与否定补充——以 Passage 5 题 5 为例：原文写道“met many rich men, but all of them said they were not happy”，not happy 后需要一个表示“也（不）”的词收尾，结合首字母 e 填 either。肯定句尾用 too，否定句尾用 either，这一对反义副词务必分清。 【点拨7】让步连词——以 Passage 6 题 6 为例：原文写道“it is a small improvement, it solves a big problem”，前后是“改进很小”与“解决大问题”的让步对比，结合首字母 T 填 Though，且位于句首须大写。让步关系常用 Although / Though，但 although 不能与 but 连用，写作时要留意。 【点拨8】非谓语固定结构——以 Passage 8 题 4 为例：原文写道“doing many experiments with different things”，前面是 He spent many years，spend time (in) doing sth 是固定结构，故填 trying。凡见到 spend / be worth / finish / enjoy / keep，后面一律用 -ing 形式，这是首字母填空的“送分点”。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“只填原形”：run → runs、visit → visited、happy → happiest，词形不变形一律不得分。 • 忌“忽略首字母大小写”：句首单词必须大写，如 Before、Though、Instead。 • 忌“名词单复数随意”：a / an 后接单数，these / some / many 后接复数。 • 忌“固定搭配记混”：look after（照顾）、be based on（基于）、be worth doing（值得做）要成组记忆。 Passage 1 Do you like dogs? I have a pet dog. His n 1 is Coco. He is white and brown. He is very cute. I love him very much. Coco is my best f 2 . He is very friendly. When I come back home from school, he always r 3 to me and wags (摇) his tail. He makes me happy. I often t 4 Coco for a walk in the park. He likes to run and play with other dogs. He is very active. Sometimes I play balls with h 5 . He can catch the ball in his m 6 . It is so fun! I need to l 7 after Coco. I give him food and water every day. I also give him a bath (洗澡) once a w 8 . He is a part of my family. I think having a pet is a w 9 experience. It teaches me to be caring (有爱心的) and r 10 . Do you want to have a pet too? 【答案】 1．name 2．friend 3．runs 4．take 5．him 6．mouth 7．look 8．week 9．wonderful 10．responsible 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己心爱的宠物狗Coco的外貌特征、活泼的性格以及作者照顾它的日常。通过养宠物，作者不仅收获了快乐，还学会了关爱与承担责任。 【详解】1．句意：它的名字叫Coco。根据句意及首字母“n”提示，此处应填入名词name（名字），表示狗的名字。 2．句意：Coco是我最好的朋友。根据句意及首字母“f”提示，结合前文作者对狗的喜爱，此处应填入名词friend（朋友），构成短语best friend（最好的朋友）。 3．句意：当我放学回家时，它总是跑向我并摇尾巴。根据句意及首字母“r”提示，此处应填入动词run（跑）。结合后半句的“wags”可知，本句描述的是经常性的动作，应用一般现在时；主语“he”为第三人称单数，动词需加-s。故填runs。 4．句意：我经常带Coco去公园散步。根据句意及首字母“t”提示，此处应使用动词take，构成固定搭配take... for a walk（带……去散步）。主语“I”为第一人称，谓语动词用原形。故填take。 5．句意：有时我和它一起玩球。根据句意及首字母“h”提示，此处指代前文提到的宠物狗Coco，作介词with的宾语，应使用人称代词的宾格形式him。 6．句意：它能用嘴接住球。根据句意及首字母“m”提示，动物接球通常是用嘴，此处应填入名词mouth（嘴）。 7．句意：我需要照顾Coco。根据句意及首字母“l”提示，此处考查固定短语look after（照顾、照料）。need to后接动词原形。故填look。 8．句意：我也每周给它洗一次澡。根据句意及首字母“w”提示，结合前面的“once a”，此处应填入表示时间周期的名词week（周），构成短语once a week（每周一次）。 9．句意：我认为养宠物是一次极好的经历。根据句意及首字母“w”提示，此处应填入形容词wonderful（极好的、精彩的），用来修饰名词experience（经历）。 10．句意：它教会了我变得有爱心和负责任。根据句意及首字母“r”提示，此处应与前面的形容词“caring”保持并列关系，填入形容词responsible（负责任的）。 Passage 2 Everyone wants to be a good-looking person, especially young people. Did you d 1 of being tall when you were young? If a girl has a beautiful face, maybe she can join in the storytelling when she grows u 2 . Of course, a handsome boy can take part in model shows. And a tall boy can be a basketball player. In fact, most people around us are of medium h 3 and medium build. For students, food can be useful to your body. If you want to be tall, you can drink more milk. Fruit and vegetables also make your body s 4 and healthy. Walking is good for our health. If you don’t want to w 5 glasses, you must have good reading habits to protect your eyes. Most people have ordinary faces. You can’t judge someone only b 6 his or her looks. A good appearance may be important for someone, but it isn’t all for your life. The inner beauty is the thing everyone n 7 . If you are kind and f 8 to people, they will like you. If you can use your abilities to help o 9 , you will be powerful and helpful. People may describe good looks differently, but the ideas about inner b 10 are the same. It’s the most important. 【答案】 1．dream 2．up 3．height 4．strong 5．wear 6．by 7．needs 8．friendly 9．others 10．beauty 【导语】本文是议论文，围绕外貌展开，提到人们对好看外表的向往，同时指出多数人相貌普通，强调不能以貌取人，内在美才是每个人都需要的，且比外在相貌更重要。 【详解】1．句意：你小时候梦想过长高吗？根据首字母提示和“being tall”可知，此处表示对长高的向往。动词dream“梦想”符合语境，助动词Did后用原形。故填dream。 2．句意：如果一个女孩有漂亮的脸蛋，也许她长大后可以参加讲故事活动。根据首字母提示和“when she grows”可知，此处表示成长后的状态。固定短语grow up“长大”符合语境。故填up。 3．句意：事实上，我们身边大多数人都是中等身高、中等身材。根据首字母提示和“medium build”并列关系可知，此处描述外形特征。名词height“身高”符合语境，medium height为固定短语。故填height。 4．句意：水果和蔬菜也能让你的身体强壮又健康。根据首字母提示和“healthy”并列关系可知，此处表示对身体的积极作用。形容词strong“强壮的”符合语境，使役动词make后接形容词作宾语补足语。故填strong。 5．句意：如果你不想戴眼镜，就必须养成良好的阅读习惯来保护眼睛。根据首字母提示和“glasses”可知，此处表示佩戴眼镜的动作。动词wear“戴”符合语境，want to后接动词原形。故填wear。 6．句意：你不能只通过一个人的外表来判断他/她。根据首字母提示和“judge someone”和“his or her looks”的逻辑关系可知，此处表示判断的依据。介词by“通过”符合语境。故填by。 7．句意：内在美是每个人都需要的东西。根据首字母提示和“inner beauty”的重要性可知，此处表示内在美是必需的。动词need“需要”符合语境，主语everyone为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填needs。 8．句意：如果你善良且对人友好，人们会喜欢你。根据首字母提示和“kind”并列关系可知，此处表示待人友好。形容词friendly“友好的”符合语境。故填friendly。 9．句意：如果你能用自己的能力帮助别人，你会变得有影响力且乐于助人。根据首字母提示和“help”可知，此处表示帮助他人。代词others“别人”符合语境，指代不确定的其他人。故填others。 10．句意：人们对好看外表的描述可能不同，但对内在美的看法是一致的。根据首字母提示和前文“inner beauty”的呼应可知，此处再次强调内在美。名词beauty“美”符合语境，与前文保持一致。故填beauty。 Passage 3 Having a good talk with others is an art. B 1 starting a chat, you can prepare some simple topics to avoid awkward silence. When talking to someone, speak clearly so they can understand you e 2 . It’s also important to be p 3 —don’t interrupt (打断) others while they’re speaking. A good conversation n 4 both speaking and listening. Try to be a kind listener and show you care about their ideas. If you feel n 5 at first, take a deep breath and relax yourself. You can share small stories about your life, but don’t talk only about yourself—ask them q 6 too. Avoid talking about personal things like family arguments unless they bring it up. If the topic becomes boring, you can c 7 it to something more interesting, like a new book or a funny video. Remember to keep a smile and make eye contact—these small a 8 will make the chat enjoyable. After the talk, you might feel happy because you’ve m 9 a connection. With practice, you’ll get better at communicating and find that talking to others is not as hard as you think. So next time, don’t be a 10 to start a chat—it could lead to a new friendship. 【答案】 1．Before 2．easily 3．polite 4．needs 5．nervous 6．questions 7．change 8．actions 9．made 10．afraid 【导语】本文介绍了良好交谈是一门艺术，讲解了与人聊天前后的各类沟通技巧，帮助我们学会更好地和他人交流。 【详解】1．句意：在开始聊天之前，你可以准备一些简单话题来避免尴尬的冷场。根据后文“you can prepare some simple topics to avoid awkward silence”，准备话题这个动作发生在开启对话之前，结合所给首字母B，Before表示“在……之前”，符合语境。 2．句意：和别人交谈时，说清楚，这样他们就能容易地理解你。根据前文“speak clearly”，表达说得清晰，对方就可以轻松听懂，空格修饰动词understand，需要副词，结合所给首字母e，easily表示“容易地”，符合语境。 3．句意：有礼貌也很重要——不要在别人说话的时候打断他们。根据破折号后“don’t interrupt others while they’re speaking”，不打断别人说话是礼貌的行为，be动词后接形容词，结合所给首字母p，polite表示“有礼貌的”，符合语境。 4．句意：一场好的对话需要说和听两者兼备。根据“both speaking and listening”，一场成功交谈同时包含表达与倾听，主语A good conversation是单数，文章为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合所给首字母n，needs表示“需要”，符合语境。 5．句意：如果你一开始觉得紧张，深呼吸，放松自己。根据后文“take a deep breath and relax yourself”，深呼吸放松是用来缓解紧张情绪，feel后面接形容词，结合所给首字母n，nervous表示“紧张的”，符合语境。 6．句意：你可以分享生活里的小故事，但不要只谈论自己——也要向他们提问。根据前文“don’t talk only about yourself”，不能只说自己的事，还要向对方提出问题，空格用名词复数表泛指，结合所给首字母q，questions表示“问题”，符合语境。 7．句意：如果话题变得无聊，你可以把它换成更有趣的内容，比如一本新书或者搞笑视频。根据后文“to something more interesting”，把无聊的话题转换为更有意思的话题，情态动词can后接动词原形，结合所给首字母c，change表示“改变，转换”，符合语境。 8．句意：记得保持微笑并有眼神交流——这些小小的举动会让聊天变得愉快。根据前文“keep a smile and make eye contact”，微笑和眼神接触都是小小的行为动作，these后接名词复数，结合所给首字母a，actions表示“行动，举动”，符合语境。 9．句意：交谈结束后，你可能会感到开心，因为你建立了一段联结。本句描述谈话结束之后的感受，开心的原因是和对方建立起沟通上的联结，结合所给首字母m，make表示“建立，制造”，make a connection表示“建立联系”，符合语境；本句为现在完成时，have后使用过去分词made。 10．句意：所以下一次，不要害怕开启一段聊天——这可能会带来一段新友谊。根据后文“it could lead to a new friendship”，鼓励人们主动开启对话，不要害怕，结合所给首字母a，afraid表示“害怕的”，固定搭配be afraid to do sth表示“害怕做某事”，符合语境。 Passage 4 Jack and Peter have been neighbours since childhood. At first, they did not get along well because they had d 1 hobbies. Jack loved painting while Peter was crazy about basketball. They seldom spoke to each other.    One rainy afternoon, Jack was walking home from school when he saw an old lady struggling to carry heavy bags. He ran to help, but the bags were too heavy for one person. Just then, Peter came by and o 2 to help without hesitation. Together, they carried the bags all the way to the old lady’s house. The old lady thanked them warmly and said, “You boys make a wonderful t 3 .” Jack and Peter looked at each other and smiled. That day, they discovered that kindness was something they had in c 4 . Since then, they have become close friends. Jack has learned some basketball s 5 from Peter, and Peter has tried painting with Jack’s guidance. They often say that their friendship is b 6 on shared kindness rather than shared interests. Last week, Peter made a m 7 in an important exam and felt very upset. Jack did not laugh at him. I 8 , he encouraged Peter to keep trying. Peter was so t 9 that he wrote in his diary: “A true friend is someone who s 10 with you not only in happy moments but also in hard times.” 【答案】 1．different 2．offered 3．team 4．common 5．skills 6．based 7．mistake 8．Instead 9．touched / thankful 10．stays / stands 【导语】本文主要讲述了Jack和Peter从互不了解到成为好朋友的故事。 【详解】1．句意：起初，他们相处得不好，因为他们有不同的爱好。根据后文“Jack loved painting while Peter was crazy about basketball.”可知，两人爱好不同。d开头，填different（形容词，意为“不同的”），修饰hobbies。 2．句意：就在这时，Peter路过并毫不犹豫地主动提出帮忙。根据语境，Peter主动提出帮忙。o开头，填offered（动词过去式，意为“主动提出”），固定搭配offer to do sth.，该空所在语境为过去时态。 3．句意：老奶奶热情地感谢他们，并说：“你们俩真是好搭档。”根据语境，老奶奶夸赞两人配合得好，像一个团队。t开头，填team（名词，意为“团队”），a wonderful team表示“很好的搭档/组合”。 4．句意：那天，他们发现善良是他们共同拥有的东西。固定搭配have…in common意为“有共同之处”，c开头，填common（形容词，意为“共同的”）。 5．句意：Jack从Peter那里学了一些篮球技巧，而Peter也曾在Jack的指导下尝试过绘画。 根据语境，Peter教Jack篮球方面的技能。s开头，填skills（some后加名词复数，意为“技巧、技能”）。 6．句意：他们常说他们的友谊是建立在共同的善良之上，而非共同的兴趣。根据“on shared kindness”可知他们的友谊基于共同的善良，固定搭配be based on意为“基于……”。 7．句意：上周，Peter在一次重要考试中犯了错误，感到很沮丧。根据“in an important exam and felt very upset”可知是在考试中犯错，固定搭配make a mistake意为“犯错”。 8．句意：相反，他鼓励Peter继续努力。根据语境，前后句为转折对比关系，表示“相反、反而”。I开头，填Instead（副词，意为“相反”），位于句首首字母大写。 9．句意：Peter深受感动/非常感激，他在日记中写道：“真正的朋友是不仅在快乐时陪伴你，也在艰难时刻与你同在/支持你的人”。前文Jack鼓励Peter，Peter应感到“感动”或“感激”。t开头，可填touched（形容词，意为“感动的”）或thankful（形容词，意为“感激的”）。 10．句意：Peter深受感动/非常感激，他在日记中写道：“真正的朋友是不仅在快乐时陪伴你，也在艰难时刻与你同在/支持你的人”。根据语境，表示“陪伴、站在你身边”。s开头，可填stays（表陪伴）或stands（表支持），stand with sb.表示“支持某人”。句子是一般现在时，关系词who指代不定代词someone，从句的谓语动词用单三。 Passage 5 Once upon a time there was a rich man in England. He had a lot of money, but he felt u 1 all the time. One day he went to see an old man to ask about happiness. The old man had a look at him, shook his head and said n 2 . Finally, the rich man left h 3 to look for happiness. He v 4 many places, met many rich men, but all of them said they were not happy e 5 . On his way home, the rich man saw a farmer w 6 in the fields. He went up to the farmer and asked, “ Could you tell me if you feel happy?” “Yes, I’m quite happy, “ the farmer answered. “Please tell me how you have found happiness, “asked the rich man. The farmer answered with a s 7 on his face, “That’s very easy. If you work h 8 , have three meals a day and go to bed early w 9 any worry, you’ll be the h 10 man in the world. “ 【答案】 1．unhappy 2．nothing 3．home 4．visited 5．either 6．working 7．smile 8．hard 9．without 10．happiest 【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事，主要讲述了英格兰一位富有但感到不快乐的富人寻找快乐的过程。 【详解】1．句意：他有很多钱，但他一直感到不快乐。结合本句“He had a lot of money, but he felt …all the time.”及首字母提示可知，他虽然有很多钱，但他依然不开心。故填(u)nhappy。 2．句意：老人看了他一眼，摇了摇头，什么也没说。结合“The old man had a look at him, shook his head and said …”及首字母提示可知，这个老人看了看他，摇了摇头，啥也没说。故填(n)othing。 3．句意：最后，这个富人离开家去寻找幸福。结合上文所述和本句“Finally, the rich man left …to look for happiness.”以及首字母提示可知，这个富人在没有得到有关幸福的答案后，最终决定离开家去寻找幸福。故填(h)ome。 4．句意：他游览了很多地方，遇到了很多有钱人，但他们都说自己也不开心。根据横线后的“many places”及首字母提示可知，横线处应表达游览，又本文时态为一般过去时，因此需填动词原形visit的过去式visited。故填(v)isited。 5．句意：他游览了很多地方，遇到了很多有钱人，但他们都说自己也不开心。结合该否定句“but all of them said they were not happy …”及首字母提示可知，此处要表达他们所有人也不开心。故填(e)ither。 6．句意：在回家的路上，这个富人看到一个农民在田里干活。结合“On his way home, the rich man saw a farmer …in the fields.”及首字母提示可知，此处要表达在回家的路上，这个富人看到一个农民在田里工作的那一瞬间。因此用“see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事”这一句型。故填(w)orking。 7．句意：农夫笑着回答说：“这很容易。”结合后文“That’s very easy.”及首字母提示可知，这位农民认为找到幸福对他来说很简单，因此才会笑着说。故填(s)mile。 8．句意：“如果你努力工作，一天能吃上三顿饭且无忧无虑地早睡，你将是世界上最幸福的人。”结合分析句子结构以及首字母提示可知，此处需填副词hard以修饰动词“work”从而表达努力工作。故填(h)ard。 9．句意：“如果你努力工作，一日三餐，无忧无虑地早睡，你将是世界上最幸福的人。”结合并列连词前的“have three meals a day”及首字母提示可知，此空需填without以表达和一天能吃上三顿饭这样同等美好的无忧无虑的早睡。故填(w)ithout。 10．句意：“如果你努力工作，一日三餐，无忧无虑地早睡，你将是世界上最幸福的人。”结合横线前后的定冠词“the”和“in the world”以及首字母提示可知，此空需填happy的最高级形式happiest以表达你将是世界上最幸福的人。故填(h)appiest。 Passage 6 Everyone knows how hot summer is in Nanjing. A warm little story recently won lots of praise online. Some street cleaners in Nanjing received cooling vests with small fans. With temperatures over 40℃, they no longer have to f 1 against extreme heat by themselves. At first sight, the cooling vest looks s 2 to common working vests. It has bright yellow cloth and reflective strips to keep workers s 3 . But if you look closely, you will find one quite small fan on each side of the vest. When the fans work, they pull outside air into the vest. The air flows upward and speeds up the evaporation of sweat. In this way, workers feel m 4 cooler. The fans get power from a portable power bank inside the vest’s pocket. A full charge can work for three to four hours. Workers can recharge it during lunch and keep using it in the afternoon. More than 20 such vests were handed out in Xuanwu District before the hot season. Street cleaners working on sunny roads like Jiming Temple Road were the f 5 to try them out. Workers who wore the vests shared: “I finally don’t need to wear sticky clothes covered with salt marks.” The story drew public attention for a simple reason. T 6 it is a small improvement, it solves a big problem. Street cleaners work outdoors in strong sunlight and face high risks of heatstroke. In the past, governments o 7 water and medicine. However, cooling vests directly deal with workers’ uncomfortable body feelings. Care changes from short-time comfort to all-day protection. Nearly all people online spoke highly of this idea. Many hoped the vests could be used across the country. Some said technology should serve common workers. One sentence spread quickly: How a city treats its workers shows its level of civilization. Still, the vests have practical p 8 to solve. Will the power last long enough? Who will repair them? Can cities afford the cost? People need to find answers. Even so, it is surely w 9 praising for taking this first step. The warmth of a city lies in the kindness shown to every common person. A small vest c 10 great respect for workers. We hope this cool wind can reach more cities and more outdoor workers. 【答案】 1．fight 2．similar 3．safe 4．much 5．first 6．Though 7．offered 8．problems 9．worth 10．carries 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了南京为环卫工人发放带风扇的降温背心，这一举措体现了城市对普通劳动者的关怀与尊重。 【详解】1．句意：在超过40℃的气温下，他们不再需要独自对抗极端高温。根据“against extreme heat by themselves”和首字母可知，该处为“fight against对抗”，分析句子结构，have to接动词原形fight。 2．句意：乍一看，降温背心看起来与普通的工作背心相似。该处指的是“降温背心看起来与普通的工作背心相似”，look为系动词，后接形容词作表语，similar意为“相似的”，符合题意。 3．句意：它有明亮的黄色布料和反光条，以保持工人安全。分析句子结构，“keep sb+形容词”表示“使某人保持……状态”，反光条的作用是为了安全，根据首字母提示，safe意为“安全的”，符合语境，在句中作宾语补足语。 4．句意：通过这种方式，工人们感觉凉快多了。分析句子结构，此处修饰比较级cooler，结合首字母提示，much符合题意。 5．句意：在阳光明媚的街道上，如鸡鸣寺路，环卫工人是第一批尝试使用它们的人。分析句子结构，“the+序数词+to do”表示“第几个做……”，结合首字母提示，first“第一”符合题意。 6．句意：虽然这是一个小小的改进，但它解决了一个大问题。分析句子结构，前后句存在让步关系，Though意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，符合首字母提示及语境。在句首首字母大写 7．句意：过去，政府提供水和药品。分析句子结构，“In the past”表明时态为一般过去时，该处指的是“提供水和药品”，结合首字母提示，offer意为“提供”，符合题意，其过去式为offered。 8．句意：尽管如此，背心仍有实际的问题需要解决。分析句子结构，practical为形容词，后接名词，结合首字母可知，该处指的是“问题”，problem意为“问题”，符合题意，与 solve搭配，且根据上下文可知问题不止一个，用复数problems。 9．句意：即便如此，迈出这第一步肯定是值得赞扬的。该处指的是“值得赞扬的”，“be worth doing”为固定搭配，意为“值得做……”，worth符合首字母提示及语境。 10．句意：一件小背心承载了对工人的极大尊重。该处指的是“背心承载了对工人的极大尊重”，结合首字母可知，carry意为“承载”符合题意，分析句子结构，主语“A small vest”为第三人称单数，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，carry变第三人称单数形式carries。 Passage 7 Tom’s dream is to use t 1 to make people’s lives better and protect the environment. He loves creating new things with it and often does small experiments at home. Last month, he won a small prize for his new invention at school—a useful tool designed for environmental protection. He decided to test out this small machine with Lily in the park. Early last Saturday morning, they met at the bus stop o 2 the library. Tom took a packet with gloves, rubbish bags and the new invention—a small machine he made—that could help pick up rubbish e 3 . “This invention is so c 4 !” Lily said happily. They planned to clean up the park near the community, as they often saw rubbish and dirty bottles there, which gave off a s 5 smell. What’s more, they knew such rubbish would bring r 6 to both people’s health and the environment, so they hoped to do something to change it. When they arrived at the park, they put on gloves and started working. Tom used his small machine to clean rubbish under the trees, while Lily collected plastic bottles in the bag. The small machine saved them a lot of time and effort. A passer-by who was walking past the park noticed their s 7 tool and the clean-up work, then came over to help happily. During the work, they talked about how to r 8 pollution. Lily added that they should also a 9 using too many plastic bags. They all agreed that everyone has the r 10 to protect the environment, and smart inventions can make the job easier. By noon, the park became clean and tidy. Though they were tired, they felt very happy. Tom realized that his small invention and their small actions could make a big difference. He decided to keep working on new inventions to help more people live in a better world. 【答案】 1．technology 2．opposite 3．easily 4．clever 5．strange 6．risks 7．smart 8．reduce 9．avoid 10．responsibility 【导语】本文讲述了热爱科技发明的汤姆，制作了一台环保捡垃圾小机器，并和莉莉一起去公园清理垃圾的故事。他们不仅用发明提高了清理效率，还在过程中讨论环保方法，体会到了小发明和小行动对改善环境的大作用。 【详解】1．句意：汤姆的梦想是用科技改善人们的生活并保护环境。根据“creating new things”和“small experiments”以及“new invention”可知，这些均与科技相关，结合首字母“t”，“technology”意为“科技”，符合语境，故填technology。 2．句意：上周六一大早，他们在图书馆对面的公交站碰面。此处需要一个介词表示公交站的位置，结合首字母“o”，“opposite”意为“在……对面”，用于描述地点方位，故填opposite。 3．句意：汤姆带了一个包，里面有手套、垃圾袋和他做的新发明 —— 一台能帮人轻松捡垃圾的小机器。根据“pick up rubbish”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词短语，结合发明的用途是省力捡垃圾，首字母“e”提示用“easily”（轻松地），故填easily。 4．句意：“这个发明太妙了！” 莉莉开心地说。前文提到机器能轻松捡垃圾，莉莉的评价是赞赏的，结合首字母“c”，“clever”意为“巧妙的；好用的”，符合夸赞发明的语境，故填clever。 5．句意：他们计划清理社区附近的公园，因为他们经常看到那里有垃圾和脏瓶子，散发出一股怪异的气味。根据常识可知，脏瓶子和垃圾会产生不好的气味，结合首字母“s”，“strange”意为“怪异的；陌生的”，可形容难闻的气味，故填strange。 6．句意：此外，他们知道这类垃圾会给人们的健康和环境带来危害。“bring risks to”是固定搭配，意为“给……带来危害/风险”，结合垃圾对健康和环境的负面影响，首字母“r”提示用“risks”（风险），故填risks。 7．句意：一位路过公园的行人注意到了他们的灵巧工具和清理工作，然后愉快地过来帮忙。前文提到这个发明能节省时间和力气，是个灵巧的工具，结合首字母“s”，“smart”意为“灵巧的；好用的”，修饰“tool”，故填smart。 8．句意：干活的时候，他们讨论了如何减少污染。清理垃圾的目的之一是减少污染，结合首字母“r”，“reduce”意为“减少”，“how to”后接动词原形，故填reduce。 9．句意：莉莉补充说，他们还应该避免使用太多塑料袋。塑料袋是白色污染的来源之一，保护环境需要避免多用塑料袋，结合首字母“a”，“avoid”意为“避免”，“should”后接动词原形，故填avoid。 10．句意：他们一致认为，每个人都有保护环境的责任，而巧妙的发明能让这件事变得更轻松。“have the responsibility to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“有责任做某事”，结合环保的主题，首字母“r” 提示用“responsibility”（责任），故填responsibility。 Passage 8 Cai Lun was known as one of the greatest inventors in ancient China during the Han Dynasty. He c 1 the world by creating paper. Before his wonderful creation, people had to use heavy bamboo to w 2 . When Cai Lun worked as an official (官员) in the Royal Palace, he noticed this big problem and d 3 to solve it. He spent many years t 4 doing many experiments with different things like tree bark (树皮), old clothes and fishing nets. And luckily, he finally s 5 in making the first paper in 105AD．His i 6 surprised everyone because it was light and cheap. It also made books easier and cheaper to produce. The emperor was so happy that he a 7 Cai Lun to improve the method (方法). Soon, paper making workshops were held in many cities across the country in order to spread (传播) the technology. Because of Cai Lun’s hard work, it allowed people to s 8 knowledge more widely than before. Today, we use paper every day for books, newspapers and many other things in our modern life. It has b 9 an important part of our daily life. But we should remember how difficult its success is and thank Cai Lun for n 10 giving up. 【答案】 1．changed 2．write 3．decided 4．trying 5．succeeded 6．invention 7．asked 8．spread 9．become 10．never 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国古代汉朝时期伟大的发明家蔡伦及其发明造纸术的故事。 【详解】1．句意：他通过发明了纸张改变了世界。此处为固定搭配change the world，意为“改变世界”，空前为主语He，此处需填谓语，由于叙述过去的事件，因此应用一般过去时，change的过去式为changed，故填changed。 2．句意：在他这项伟大的发明之前，人们不得不使用沉重的竹简来书写。此处为固定结构use sth. to do sth.，意为“用某物做某事”，由于空前为to，因此空处应填动词原形，故填write。 3．句意：当蔡伦在皇宫担任官员时，他注意到了这个大问题并决定解决它。and连接并列谓语，noticed与decided形式一致，用一般过去时，在主句中作谓语。故填decided。 4．句意：他花了很多年时间尝试用树皮、旧衣服和渔网等不同的东西做了很多实验。此处为固定结构spend time (in) doing sth.，in可以省略，空处填动名词，try doing sth.尝试做某事，try的动名词为trying。故填trying。 5．句意：幸运的是，他终于在公元105年成功制造出了第一张纸。此处为固定搭配succeed in doing sth.，意为“成功做某事”，此处为一般过去时，应填动词的一般过去式形式，故填succeeded。 6．句意：他的发明让所有人都感到惊讶，因为它轻便又便宜。由于空前为形容词性物主代词His，此处应填名词，His invention指他的发明，故填invention。 7．句意：皇帝非常高兴，因此他让蔡伦改进这种方法。此处为固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.，意为“让某人做某事”，叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填asked。 8．句意：由于蔡伦的辛勤工作，人们能够比以前更广泛地传播知识。此处为固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，空前为to，因此空处应填动词原形，spread knowledge“传播知识”，故填spread。 9．句意：它已经成为我们日常生活中重要的一部分。此处为固定搭配become an important part of，意为“成为……重要组成部分”，故填become。 10．句意：但我们应该记住它的成功是多么艰难，并感谢蔡伦从未放弃。结合语境，蔡伦花了多年时间实验，最终成功，说明它从未放弃。空后为giving up，因此空处应填否定副词，故填never。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $