专题03 补全句子-【题型易-必考题型精练】2026-2027学年八年级上册英语期中考前梯度特训（外研版·天津专用）

考前特训 专题03 补全句子 期中考满分冲刺（天津专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 补全句子（任务型阅读）是天津中考英语读写结合的典型题型，考查学生在读懂语篇的基础上，用最少的词准确补全句子的能力。本题型不设选项，答案必须从原文中提炼、转换或概括，既考“读懂”，也考“写准”。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、40 道小题，篇幅在 87—238 词之间，话题紧贴八年级上册（外研版）单元主题，涵盖“社恐”与 MBTI 性格测试、线上年鉴 MyYearbook、蒙恬改良毛笔、无人机 SnotBot 护鲸、剪纸艺术、家乡的变化、日常生活中的见闻等。其中前 4 篇为“陈述句补全”，后 4 篇为“问句作答”，两种设问方式恰好构成对照训练。 二、命题特点 （1）答案短小精悍：多为 1—5 个词的短语，极少要求完整长句，写多反而容易失分。 （2）以细节定位为主：约七成题目可直接在原文找到对应句，答案就是原句中的关键成分。 （3）三类转换高频出现：词性转换（如 low → lower）、同义替换（如 8 → eight）、句式转换（陈述句 → 问句作答）。 （4）语法点嵌入设问：如 since 引导的现在完成时、比较级、名词复数、固定搭配，需在补全时保持语法正确。 （5）限词要求在题干中明确：多数题目给出空格长度提示，必须“照格填词”，不能超词。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 8 篇梳理） 通过对 40 道小题的归类，核心考点可归纳为以下五类： （1）细节定位（约 20 题）：锁定题干关键词，回原文摘取对应成分。 （2）因果与条件补全（约 6 题）：如 because / so 引导的原因、结果从句。 （3）名词与专有名词（约 6 题）：人名、地名、机构名须首字母大写、拼写准确。 （4）语法形式（约 6 题）：比较级、现在完成时 since、名词复数等。 （5）主旨概括（约 2 题）：用短语概括全文话题，如 the difference between …。 一、四步解题法 第一步：读题干，划出“定位词”——句中已经给出的实词、人名、数字，都是回原文的坐标。 第二步：带着定位词回原文扫读，找到对应句，再用“谁 + 做什么 + 结果”切出应填成分。 第三步：核对语法：动词形式（时态、单复数）、名词单复数、形容词比较级，缺一不可。 第四步：回填复读整句，检查是否“语意通顺、语法正确、词数合规”，再定稿。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】陈述句补全·直接摘取——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“People with social phobia always feel anxious and uncomfortable when talking with others”，题干只把 when 从句后移，主干与原文几乎一致，答案直接摘取 anxious and uncomfortable 即可。此类题最忌“翻译改写”，原文有什么词就用什么词。 【点拨2】专有名词拼写——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“a website named MyYearbook was set up”，网站名 MyYearbook 是专有名词，必须大小写与原文完全一致（M、Y 大写，中间不加空格）。凡设空处为人名、地名、机构名、作品名，一律照抄原文写法，这是最容易丢“冤枉分”的地方。 【点拨3】因果补全——以 Passage 3 题 4 为例：原文写道“the rabbit’s hair was too oily to hold the ink”，题干为陈述句，已给出 because 引导的原因状语从句（"because the rabbit's hair was so oily"），挖空补全 so … that … 的结果，答案就是 too … to … 结构所表达的“兔毛笔太油，无法吸墨”。遇到 too … to … 要立刻转成“因为太……而不能……”，再压缩成 it couldn’t hold the ink 这样的简短表达。 【点拨4】身份与职业——以 Passage 4 题 2 为例：原文写道“Andy Rogan is an animal scientist and he studies whales”，题干把 studies whales 保留、只留前半句设空，答案即 an animal scientist。注意冠词 an 不能丢：这类题常因漏写冠词而判错。 【点拨5】问句作答·句式转换——以 Passage 5 题 3 为例：原文写道“Extroverted people enjoy making friends”，题干改为 What do extroverted people enjoy doing? 的问答形式，作答时须把 enjoy 后的动名词原样保留，写成 They enjoy making friends with others。问句作答的关键是“主语换代词、动词形式不变”。 【点拨6】数字与拼写——以 Passage 6 题 2 为例：原文写道“I started to learn paper cutting when I was 8 years old”，答案可写 8，也可写 eight，两者均给分。凡数字类设空，注意题干的计量单位（此处为 years old），数字与单位要分别安放，不可把单位重复填入。 【点拨7】比较级还原——以 Passage 7 题 5 为例：原文写道“they are lower than mountains”，题干保留了 than northern mountains，设空处必须填比较级 lower，不能填原级 low。凡题干出现 than，答案一律用比较级；这是补全句子中最高频的“语法陷阱”。 【点拨8】时态标志词——以 Passage 8 题 3 为例：原文写道“I have lived here since 2018”，题干取自原句的"since 2018"部分，挖去其中的 since、保留 2018，答案即 since。现在完成时 + 时间点，标准搭配就是 since + 年份；若为时间段则用 for。看到 have done 与年份同现，先想 since。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“长篇大论”：补全句子只要关键词，写成完整长句既超词又易错，按空格长度“照格填词”。 • 忌“大小写随意”：人名、地名、机构名、书名必须与原文一致，句首单词首字母大写。 • 忌“忽略语法”：than 后用比较级、since 后接时间点、名词注意单复数。 • 忌“答非所问”：问句作答要顺着疑问词回答（What → 名词性成分，Why → because 从句）。 Passage 1 A new term called “social phobia (社恐)” has gained attention in China these days. People with social phobia always feel anxious and uncomfortable when talking with others. The internet has made the MBTI test very popular. Many people take this test to see what they are like. According to the test, there are mainly two kinds of people: extroverted (外向的) and introverted (内向的). Extroverted people enjoy making friends with others, while those who are introverted like to be alone. However, many people cannot tell the difference between being introverted and having social phobia. In fact, it’s challenging for introverted people to become extroverted. Introverted people are not afraid of talking with others. They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can better solve problems. But social phobia is very different. It can be more easily overcome because it’s just an emotional response. Even extroverted people can experience social phobia. Some people say they have social phobia as a way to get personal space sometimes. But we should use it properly. Sometimes social phobia is not good for us. Just imagine that a student with social phobia who refuses to answer the teacher’s questions may not improve his grades or learn some useful things. 1．People with social phobia always feel when talking with others. _______________________________________________________________ 2．According to the MBTI test, there are mainly kinds of people. _______________________________________________________________ 3．Introverted people prefer to stay alone because they want to and solve problems better. _______________________________________________________________ 4．A student with social phobia may not or learn some useful things. _______________________________________________________________ 5．The passage mainly talks about . _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．anxious and uncomfortable 2．two 3．think more carefully 4．improve his grades 5．the difference between being introverted and having social phobia 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“社恐”这一新概念，通过MBTI测试引出外向和内向两种性格特点，并重点阐述了内向性格与社交恐惧症之间的区别及影响。 【详解】1．第一段第二句“People with social phobia always feel anxious and uncomfortable when talking with others.”，直接提取即可。故填anxious and uncomfortable。 2．第二段第三句“According to the test, there are mainly two kinds of people: extroverted (外向的) and introverted (内向的).”，原文明确给出数量信息，直接提取即可。故填two。 3．第三段最后两句“They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can better solve problems.”，直接提取原因部分内容即可。故填think more carefully。 4．最后一段最后一句“Just imagine that a student with social phobia who refuses to answer the teacher’s questions may not improve his grades or learn some useful things.”，直接提取即可。故填improve his grades。 5．原文第三段开头句“However, many people cannot tell the difference between being introverted and having social phobia.”，全文内容围绕该主题展开。文章先引入社交恐惧症、MBTI性格分类的背景，核心围绕大众容易混淆的“内向”和“社交恐惧症”展开说明二者的区别，因此整合得到该答案。故填the difference between being introverted and having social phobia。 Passage 2 A yearbook is a tradition in some high schools. The book contains (包含) the name and the picture of each student in your final year so that you can remember who you went to school with. A 15-year-old schoolgirl Catherine Cook and her brother David, 16, wanted more than this. They thought, “We don’t really know our classmates from just a picture, so why not have a yearbook online? You could learn about people’s musical tastes, the movies they like and so on.” With their hard work, a website named MyYearbook was set up, which soon became popular among their schoolmates. On the website, members can connect with each other by sharing movies, music, photos and study guides. Some students feel that they don’t fit in at school, but can make friends more easily online. Users of MyYearbook can also make virtual (虚拟的) “Lunch Money” by completing activities on the website. They then give it away to charities (慈善机构) in a programme, which has sent 22, 000 books to Africa, and bought 20, 000 kilos of rice for people without enough food. Running the website did not stop Catherine and David from completing their schoolwork successfully. Now, they go on to university, but still manage to put in 50 hours a week developing the website. 1．A yearbook contains of each student in your final year. _______________________________________________________________ 2．Catherine and David set up a website named , which soon became popular among their schoolmates. _______________________________________________________________ 3．On the website, members can each other by sharing movies, music, photos and study guides. _______________________________________________________________ 4．Some students feel that they don’t fit in at school, but can more easily online. _______________________________________________________________ 5．Catherine and David run the website and successfully at the same time. _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．the name and the picture 2．MyYearbook 3．connect with 4．make friends 5．complete their schoolwork 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统年鉴的作用以及Catherine和David创建线上年鉴网站MyYearbook的过程和意义。 【详解】1．根据第一段“The book contains (包含) the name and the picture of each student in your final year”可知，年鉴包含每位毕业年级学生的名字和照片。故填the name and the picture。 2．根据第二段“With their hard work, a website named MyYearbook was set up”可知，他们建立的网站名为MyYearbook。故填MyYearbook。 3．根据第三段“members can connect with each other by sharing movies, music, photos and study guides”可知，网站成员可以彼此联系。故填connect with。 4．根据第三段“but can make friends more easily online”可知，一些学生在网上更容易交到朋友。故填make friends。 5．根据最后一段“Running the website did not stop Catherine and David from completing their schoolwork successfully.”可知，他们在运营网站的同时也成功完成了学业。故填complete their schoolwork。 Passage 3 In 223 BC, Meng Tian (蒙恬) led the army in a war against the Chu Kingdom. In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen. The stick pen was very hard and made writing very slow. Meng Tian had to often write a great number of reports about the battlefield situation to the Qin ruler. He was frustrated (沮丧的) with the difficulty of writing, so he decided to make improvements. Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting. One day, Meng hunted a wild rabbit. It was fat and heavy and its tail left a trail (痕迹) on the ground. Meng suddenly had an idea. He immediately tied the rabbit’s tail to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too oily (含油的) to hold the ink. Meng felt very sad and threw his “rabbit hair brush pen” away into a hole in the rocks. However, Meng Tian couldn’t accept the failure and continued to spend time wondering how to improve the brush pen. A few days later, he was having a walk outside for some fresh air. By chance, he found the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away again. He picked it up and found that it had changed and was now soft and wet—holding water. Meng Tian got inspiration (灵感) at once. He put the rabbit hair brush pen back in the ink and found it worked beautifully on silk. 1．In 223 BC, people wrote on silk with . _______________________________________________________________ 2．Between battles, Meng Tian’s hobby was . _______________________________________________________________ 3．Because Meng was frustrated with the difficulty of writing, he decided to . _______________________________________________________________ 4．Meng Tian failed to write with the rabbit’s hair, because the rabbit’s hair was so oily that . _______________________________________________________________ 5．When he was for some fresh air, he found the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away by chance. _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．a kind of stick pen 2．hunting 3．make improvements 4．it couldn’t hold the ink 5．having a walk outside 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了秦朝将领蒙恬因书写困难而尝试改进毛笔的故事。 【详解】1．根据第一段“In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen.”可知，当时使用的书写工具是硬笔。故填a kind of stick pen。 2．根据第二段“Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting.”可知，蒙恬的爱好是打猎。空格处应填动名词hunting“打猎”作表语。故填hunting。 3．根据第一段“He was frustrated (沮丧的) with the difficulty of writing, so he decided to make improvements.”可知，蒙恬对书写困难感到沮丧，因此决定改进书写工具。故填make improvements。 4．根据第二段“But the rabbit’s hair was too oily (含油的) to hold the ink.”可知，兔毛太油，无法吸墨。空格处是结果状语从句部分，表示“兔毛无法吸墨”，从句的主语是it，指代的是the rabbit’s hair“兔毛”；此处表示过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，所以用couldn’t表示“无法”；hold the ink“吸墨”，couldn’t后接动词原形。故填it couldn’t hold the ink。 5．根据第三段“A few days later, he was having a walk outside for some fresh air. By chance, he found the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away again.”可知，蒙恬是在散步时偶然发现被丢弃的毛笔。故填having a walk outside。 Passage 4 Robots are becoming more and more common in our world. They can look very different. Some have legs and can walk and some look like small planes and can fly. The flying ones are called drones (无人机). Andy Rogan is an animal scientist and he studies whales (鲸). He now works near the Azores— islands in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. He uses a drone for his work and it is named SnotBot. SnotBot has an important job. It collects information about whales. When Andy finds a whale, he flies SnotBot close to the animal. SnotBot carries a petri dish (培养皿). When the whale’s snot (鼻涕) comes out, SnotBot flies over the animal, and quickly collects it. He says that whale snot is like seawater and smells fishy. It helps him know which whale it is, so he can learn more about the whale population. SnotBot also carries a camera, so it can take photos of the big sea animals. Andy and SnotBot aren’t alone. Around the world, people are using drones to help protect wildlife. It can be expensive to study animals because some useful machines cost a lot. Drones can help make this work cheaper. Andy’s team hope that flying robots like SnotBot can help keep animals safe and healthy everywhere. 1．Some of the robots look like and can fly. _______________________________________________________________ 2．Andy Rogan is and he studies whales. _______________________________________________________________ 3．Andy flies SnotBot close to the animal when he . _______________________________________________________________ 4． can take photos of the big sea animals. _______________________________________________________________ 5．Flying robots can help everywhere. _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．small planes 2．an animal scientist 3．finds a whale 4．SnotBot 5．keep animals safe and healthy 【导语】本文介绍了机器人在现实生活中的应用，重点讲述动物科学家 Andy Rogan 使用名为 SnotBot 的无人机收集鲸鱼信息、拍摄鲸鱼照片，以及无人机在保护野生动物方面的作用。 【详解】1．根据“Some look like small planes and can fly. The flying ones are called drones (无人机).”可知，部分机器人看起来像小型飞机且能飞行。故填small planes。 2．根据“Andy Rogan is an animal scientist and he studies whales.”可知，Andy Rogan的身份是动物科学家。故填an animal scientist。 3．根据“When Andy finds a whale, he flies SnotBot close to the animal.”可知，Andy发现鲸鱼时，会让SnotBot靠近鲸鱼。故填finds a whale。 4．根据“SnotBot also carries a camera, so it can take photos of the big sea animals.”可知，此句中的 it 指代前一分句的主语 SnotBot（无人机）——因为是 SnotBot 自身搭载着相机，所以能拍摄大型海洋动物的照片。设空处填的应是主语 SnotBot，而不是 SnotBot 携带的相机。故填SnotBot。 5．根据“Andy’s team hope that flying robots like SnotBot can help keep animals safe and healthy everywhere.”可知，飞行机器人能帮助各地的动物保持安全和健康。故填keep animals safe and healthy。 Passage 5 A new term called “social phobia (社恐)” has gained attention in China these days. People with social phobia always feel anxious and uncomfortable when talking with others. The internet has made the MBTI test very popular. Many people take this test to see what they are like. According to the test, there are mainly two kinds of people: extroverted (外向的) and introverted (内向的). Extroverted people enjoy making friends with others, while those who are introverted like to be alone. However, many people cannot tell the difference between being introverted and having social phobia. In fact, it’s challenging for introverted people to become extroverted. Introverted people are not afraid of talking with others. They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can better solve problems. But social phobia is very different. It can be more easily overcome because it’s just an emotional response. Even extroverted people can experience social phobia. Some people say they have social phobia as a way to get personal space sometimes. But we should use it properly. Sometimes social phobia is not good for us. Just imagine that a student with social phobia who refuses to answer the teacher’s questions may not improve his grades or learn some useful things. 1．How may people with social phobia feel when talking with others? They may feel . _______________________________________________________________ 2．How many main types of people are there according to the MBTI test? There are kinds of people. _______________________________________________________________ 3．What do extroverted people enjoy doing? They enjoy . _______________________________________________________________ 4．Why do introverted people prefer to stay alone? Because they want to and solve problems better. _______________________________________________________________ 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? The passage mainly talks about . _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．anxious and uncomfortable 2．two 3．making friends with others 4．think more carefully 5．the difference between being introverted and having social phobia 【导语】本文主要围绕“社恐”这一新概念展开，介绍了社恐人群的表现，通过MBTI测试引出外向和内向两种人的不同特点，并阐述了内向与社恐的区别。 【详解】1．根据第一段“People with social phobia always feel anxious and uncomfortable when talking with others.”可知，有社交恐惧症的人在和别人交谈时总是感到焦虑和不舒服。故填anxious and uncomfortable。 2．根据第二段“According to the test, there are mainly two kinds of people: extroverted (外向的) and introverted (内向的).”可知，根据测试，主要有两种人：外向型和内向型。故填two。 3．根据第二段“Extroverted people enjoy making friends with others”可知，外向的人喜欢和别人交朋友。故填making friends with others。 4．根据第三段“Introverted people are not afraid of talking with others. They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can better solve problems.”可知，内向的人不是害怕和别人交谈，他们只是喜欢独自待着以更仔细地思考，这样他们能更好地解决问题。故填think more carefully。 5．这是一个开放性问题，需要概括文章主旨。文章主要讨论了内向和有社交恐惧症之间的区别。故填the difference between being introverted and having social phobia。 Passage 6 Hello, everyone! My name is Zhang Peng. I am from Beijing. I have a very special hobby—paper cutting (剪纸). It is a traditional Chinese art. I started to learn paper cutting when I was 8 years old. My grandmother taught me. At first, it was difficult. I often cut my fingers (手指). But I didn’t give up. Now, I am good at it. I can cut beautiful pictures of flowers, animals and Chinese characters (汉字). I like paper cutting because it is interesting. I can use it to decorate (装饰) my room. I also send paper cuttings to my friends as gifts. They all love them. I want to teach more people about this art. I hope it will never be lost. 1．Zhang Peng is from . _______________________________________________________________ 2．Zhang Peng started to learn paper cutting when he was years old. _______________________________________________________________ 3．At first, Zhang Peng often cut his . _______________________________________________________________ 4．Zhang Peng uses paper cuttings to decorate his . _______________________________________________________________ 5．Zhang Peng wants to more people about this art. _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Beijing 2．8/eight 3．fingers 4．room 5．teach 【导语】本文的作者介绍了自己的爱好——剪纸。 【详解】1．根据第一段的“My name is Zhang Peng. I am from Beijing.”可知，他来自北京。故填Beijing。 2．根据第二段的“I started to learn paper cutting when I was 8 years old.”可知，他八岁开始学剪纸。故填8/eight。 3．根据第二段的“I often cut my fingers.”可知，他开始学剪纸时常伤到手指。故填fingers。 4．根据第三段的“I can use it to decorate (装饰) my room.”可知，他用剪纸装饰他的房间。故填room。 5．根据第三段的“I want to teach more people about this art.”可知，他想教更多的人学剪纸。故填teach。 Passage 7 My hometown is a small town in the south of Hebei. It has a population of 30,000. Thirty years ago it was quiet and small, but now it is much busier. There is a wide river and a great university here. The town is famous for sweet peaches. Millions of visitors come every summer. My home is two kilometres away from the town centre, in the quiet countryside. Low green hills are around our town, they are lower than mountains in the north. I love my pretty hometown. 1．The writer’s hometown is a small town in the of Hebei. _______________________________________________________________ 2．The town has a population of thousand. _______________________________________________________________ 3．The town is famous for sweet . _______________________________________________________________ 4．The writer’s home is two kilometres from the town centre. _______________________________________________________________ 5．The hills around the town are than northern mountains. _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．south 2．thirty/30 3．peaches 4．away 5．lower 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作者的家乡——河北南部的一座小镇，讲述了它的人口、环境、特产以及发展变化。 【详解】1．根据原文“My hometown is a small town in the south of Hebei.”，由此可知家乡在河北南部。故填south。 2．根据原文“It has a population of 30,000.”可知，该镇有三万人口，即 thirty thousand；题干空格后接 thousand，故填thirty（或 30）。故填thirty/30。 3．根据原文“The town is famous for sweet peaches.”可知，小镇以甜桃子闻名。故填peaches。 4．根据原文“My home is two kilometres away from the town centre”可知，家在离镇中心两公里的乡间，离镇中心有两公里。故填away。 5．根据原文“Low green hills are around our town, they are lower than mountains in the north.”可知，对比小山和北方山脉，镇周围的丘陵比北方的山脉更低。故填lower。 Passage 8 My name is Li Hua. I am in Grade Seven. I wait for my friends at the school gate every afternoon. Workers will build a new library in our town next year. I have lived here since 2018. There is a small hole on the wall of my house. The road near my home is narrow, so I walk down a small lane every day. I read interesting articles online recently. My parents don’t allow me to stay out late, so I must return home before 7 p.m. I often visit my relatives in the holidays. My cousin likes writing short poems. We never argue with each other. We always knock at the door before going into their houses. 1．Li Hua waits for friends at the every afternoon. _______________________________________________________________ 2．Workers will build a new next year in his town. _______________________________________________________________ 3．Li Hua has lived here 2018. _______________________________________________________________ 4．Li Hua must home before seven o’clock. _______________________________________________________________ 5．Li Hua and his cousin never with each other. _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．school gate 2．library 3．since 4．return 5．argue 【导语】本文介绍李华的日常生活、居住情况以及和亲戚相处的相关情况。 【详解】1．根据原文第一段“I wait for my friends at the school gate every afternoon.”，地点是学校门口，直接提取短语school gate。故填school gate。 2．根据原文第一段“Workers will build a new library in our town next year.”，建筑物是一座新图书馆，直接提取词汇library。故填library。 3．根据原文第一段“I have lived here since 2018.”，直接提取词汇since。故填since。 4．根据原文第二段“My parents don’t allow me to stay out late, so I must return home before 7 p.m.”，李华必须在七点之前回家，must后使用动词原形，直接提取词汇return。故填return。 5．根据原文最后一段“We never argue with each other.”，他们从不吵架，主语为复数，一般现在时，直接提取词汇argue。故填argue。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题03 补全句子 期中考满分冲刺（天津专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 补全句子（任务型阅读）是天津中考英语读写结合的典型题型，考查学生在读懂语篇的基础上，用最少的词准确补全句子的能力。本题型不设选项，答案必须从原文中提炼、转换或概括，既考“读懂”，也考“写准”。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、40 道小题，篇幅在 87—238 词之间，话题紧贴八年级上册（外研版）单元主题，涵盖“社恐”与 MBTI 性格测试、线上年鉴 MyYearbook、蒙恬改良毛笔、无人机 SnotBot 护鲸、剪纸艺术、家乡的变化、日常生活中的见闻等。其中前 4 篇为“陈述句补全”，后 4 篇为“问句作答”，两种设问方式恰好构成对照训练。 二、命题特点 （1）答案短小精悍：多为 1—5 个词的短语，极少要求完整长句，写多反而容易失分。 （2）以细节定位为主：约七成题目可直接在原文找到对应句，答案就是原句中的关键成分。 （3）三类转换高频出现：词性转换（如 low → lower）、同义替换（如 8 → eight）、句式转换（陈述句 → 问句作答）。 （4）语法点嵌入设问：如 since 引导的现在完成时、比较级、名词复数、固定搭配，需在补全时保持语法正确。 （5）限词要求在题干中明确：多数题目给出空格长度提示，必须“照格填词”，不能超词。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 8 篇梳理） 通过对 40 道小题的归类，核心考点可归纳为以下五类： （1）细节定位（约 20 题）：锁定题干关键词，回原文摘取对应成分。 （2）因果与条件补全（约 6 题）：如 because / so 引导的原因、结果从句。 （3）名词与专有名词（约 6 题）：人名、地名、机构名须首字母大写、拼写准确。 （4）语法形式（约 6 题）：比较级、现在完成时 since、名词复数等。 （5）主旨概括（约 2 题）：用短语概括全文话题，如 the difference between …。 一、四步解题法 第一步：读题干，划出“定位词”——句中已经给出的实词、人名、数字，都是回原文的坐标。 第二步：带着定位词回原文扫读，找到对应句，再用“谁 + 做什么 + 结果”切出应填成分。 第三步：核对语法：动词形式（时态、单复数）、名词单复数、形容词比较级，缺一不可。 第四步：回填复读整句，检查是否“语意通顺、语法正确、词数合规”，再定稿。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】陈述句补全·直接摘取——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“People with social phobia always feel anxious and uncomfortable when talking with others”，题干只把 when 从句后移，主干与原文几乎一致，答案直接摘取 anxious and uncomfortable 即可。此类题最忌“翻译改写”，原文有什么词就用什么词。 【点拨2】专有名词拼写——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“a website named MyYearbook was set up”，网站名 MyYearbook 是专有名词，必须大小写与原文完全一致（M、Y 大写，中间不加空格）。凡设空处为人名、地名、机构名、作品名，一律照抄原文写法，这是最容易丢“冤枉分”的地方。 【点拨3】因果补全——以 Passage 3 题 4 为例：原文写道“the rabbit’s hair was too oily to hold the ink”，题干为陈述句，已给出 because 引导的原因状语从句（"because the rabbit's hair was so oily"），挖空补全 so … that … 的结果，答案就是 too … to … 结构所表达的“兔毛笔太油，无法吸墨”。遇到 too … to … 要立刻转成“因为太……而不能……”，再压缩成 it couldn’t hold the ink 这样的简短表达。 【点拨4】身份与职业——以 Passage 4 题 2 为例：原文写道“Andy Rogan is an animal scientist and he studies whales”，题干把 studies whales 保留、只留前半句设空，答案即 an animal scientist。注意冠词 an 不能丢：这类题常因漏写冠词而判错。 【点拨5】问句作答·句式转换——以 Passage 5 题 3 为例：原文写道“Extroverted people enjoy making friends”，题干改为 What do extroverted people enjoy doing? 的问答形式，作答时须把 enjoy 后的动名词原样保留，写成 They enjoy making friends with others。问句作答的关键是“主语换代词、动词形式不变”。 【点拨6】数字与拼写——以 Passage 6 题 2 为例：原文写道“I started to learn paper cutting when I was 8 years old”，答案可写 8，也可写 eight，两者均给分。凡数字类设空，注意题干的计量单位（此处为 years old），数字与单位要分别安放，不可把单位重复填入。 【点拨7】比较级还原——以 Passage 7 题 5 为例：原文写道“they are lower than mountains”，题干保留了 than northern mountains，设空处必须填比较级 lower，不能填原级 low。凡题干出现 than，答案一律用比较级；这是补全句子中最高频的“语法陷阱”。 【点拨8】时态标志词——以 Passage 8 题 3 为例：原文写道“I have lived here since 2018”，题干取自原句的"since 2018"部分，挖去其中的 since、保留 2018，答案即 since。现在完成时 + 时间点，标准搭配就是 since + 年份；若为时间段则用 for。看到 have done 与年份同现，先想 since。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“长篇大论”：补全句子只要关键词，写成完整长句既超词又易错，按空格长度“照格填词”。 • 忌“大小写随意”：人名、地名、机构名、书名必须与原文一致，句首单词首字母大写。 • 忌“忽略语法”：than 后用比较级、since 后接时间点、名词注意单复数。 • 忌“答非所问”：问句作答要顺着疑问词回答（What → 名词性成分，Why → because 从句）。 Passage 1 A new term called “social phobia (社恐)” has gained attention in China these days. People with social phobia always feel anxious and uncomfortable when talking with others. The internet has made the MBTI test very popular. Many people take this test to see what they are like. According to the test, there are mainly two kinds of people: extroverted (外向的) and introverted (内向的). Extroverted people enjoy making friends with others, while those who are introverted like to be alone. However, many people cannot tell the difference between being introverted and having social phobia. In fact, it’s challenging for introverted people to become extroverted. Introverted people are not afraid of talking with others. They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can better solve problems. But social phobia is very different. It can be more easily overcome because it’s just an emotional response. Even extroverted people can experience social phobia. Some people say they have social phobia as a way to get personal space sometimes. But we should use it properly. Sometimes social phobia is not good for us. Just imagine that a student with social phobia who refuses to answer the teacher’s questions may not improve his grades or learn some useful things. 1．People with social phobia always feel when talking with others. _______________________________________________________________ 2．According to the MBTI test, there are mainly kinds of people. _______________________________________________________________ 3．Introverted people prefer to stay alone because they want to and solve problems better. _______________________________________________________________ 4．A student with social phobia may not or learn some useful things. _______________________________________________________________ 5．The passage mainly talks about . _______________________________________________________________ Passage 2 A yearbook is a tradition in some high schools. The book contains (包含) the name and the picture of each student in your final year so that you can remember who you went to school with. A 15-year-old schoolgirl Catherine Cook and her brother David, 16, wanted more than this. They thought, “We don’t really know our classmates from just a picture, so why not have a yearbook online? You could learn about people’s musical tastes, the movies they like and so on.” With their hard work, a website named MyYearbook was set up, which soon became popular among their schoolmates. On the website, members can connect with each other by sharing movies, music, photos and study guides. Some students feel that they don’t fit in at school, but can make friends more easily online. Users of MyYearbook can also make virtual (虚拟的) “Lunch Money” by completing activities on the website. They then give it away to charities (慈善机构) in a programme, which has sent 22, 000 books to Africa, and bought 20, 000 kilos of rice for people without enough food. Running the website did not stop Catherine and David from completing their schoolwork successfully. Now, they go on to university, but still manage to put in 50 hours a week developing the website. 1．A yearbook contains of each student in your final year. _______________________________________________________________ 2．Catherine and David set up a website named , which soon became popular among their schoolmates. _______________________________________________________________ 3．On the website, members can each other by sharing movies, music, photos and study guides. _______________________________________________________________ 4．Some students feel that they don’t fit in at school, but can more easily online. _______________________________________________________________ 5．Catherine and David run the website and successfully at the same time. _______________________________________________________________ Passage 3 In 223 BC, Meng Tian (蒙恬) led the army in a war against the Chu Kingdom. In those days, people wrote on silk with a kind of stick pen. The stick pen was very hard and made writing very slow. Meng Tian had to often write a great number of reports about the battlefield situation to the Qin ruler. He was frustrated (沮丧的) with the difficulty of writing, so he decided to make improvements. Between battles, Meng enjoyed hunting. One day, Meng hunted a wild rabbit. It was fat and heavy and its tail left a trail (痕迹) on the ground. Meng suddenly had an idea. He immediately tied the rabbit’s tail to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too oily (含油的) to hold the ink. Meng felt very sad and threw his “rabbit hair brush pen” away into a hole in the rocks. However, Meng Tian couldn’t accept the failure and continued to spend time wondering how to improve the brush pen. A few days later, he was having a walk outside for some fresh air. By chance, he found the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away again. He picked it up and found that it had changed and was now soft and wet—holding water. Meng Tian got inspiration (灵感) at once. He put the rabbit hair brush pen back in the ink and found it worked beautifully on silk. 1．In 223 BC, people wrote on silk with . _______________________________________________________________ 2．Between battles, Meng Tian’s hobby was . _______________________________________________________________ 3．Because Meng was frustrated with the difficulty of writing, he decided to . _______________________________________________________________ 4．Meng Tian failed to write with the rabbit’s hair, because the rabbit’s hair was so oily that . _______________________________________________________________ 5．When he was for some fresh air, he found the rabbit hair brush pen that he had thrown away by chance. _______________________________________________________________ Passage 4 Robots are becoming more and more common in our world. They can look very different. Some have legs and can walk and some look like small planes and can fly. The flying ones are called drones (无人机). Andy Rogan is an animal scientist and he studies whales (鲸). He now works near the Azores— islands in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. He uses a drone for his work and it is named SnotBot. SnotBot has an important job. It collects information about whales. When Andy finds a whale, he flies SnotBot close to the animal. SnotBot carries a petri dish (培养皿). When the whale’s snot (鼻涕) comes out, SnotBot flies over the animal, and quickly collects it. He says that whale snot is like seawater and smells fishy. It helps him know which whale it is, so he can learn more about the whale population. SnotBot also carries a camera, so it can take photos of the big sea animals. Andy and SnotBot aren’t alone. Around the world, people are using drones to help protect wildlife. It can be expensive to study animals because some useful machines cost a lot. Drones can help make this work cheaper. Andy’s team hope that flying robots like SnotBot can help keep animals safe and healthy everywhere. 1．Some of the robots look like and can fly. _______________________________________________________________ 2．Andy Rogan is and he studies whales. _______________________________________________________________ 3．Andy flies SnotBot close to the animal when he . _______________________________________________________________ 4． can take photos of the big sea animals. _______________________________________________________________ 5．Flying robots can help everywhere. _______________________________________________________________ Passage 5 A new term called “social phobia (社恐)” has gained attention in China these days. People with social phobia always feel anxious and uncomfortable when talking with others. The internet has made the MBTI test very popular. Many people take this test to see what they are like. According to the test, there are mainly two kinds of people: extroverted (外向的) and introverted (内向的). Extroverted people enjoy making friends with others, while those who are introverted like to be alone. However, many people cannot tell the difference between being introverted and having social phobia. In fact, it’s challenging for introverted people to become extroverted. Introverted people are not afraid of talking with others. They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can better solve problems. But social phobia is very different. It can be more easily overcome because it’s just an emotional response. Even extroverted people can experience social phobia. Some people say they have social phobia as a way to get personal space sometimes. But we should use it properly. Sometimes social phobia is not good for us. Just imagine that a student with social phobia who refuses to answer the teacher’s questions may not improve his grades or learn some useful things. 1．How may people with social phobia feel when talking with others? They may feel . _______________________________________________________________ 2．How many main types of people are there according to the MBTI test? There are kinds of people. _______________________________________________________________ 3．What do extroverted people enjoy doing? They enjoy . _______________________________________________________________ 4．Why do introverted people prefer to stay alone? Because they want to and solve problems better. _______________________________________________________________ 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? The passage mainly talks about . _______________________________________________________________ Passage 6 Hello, everyone! My name is Zhang Peng. I am from Beijing. I have a very special hobby—paper cutting (剪纸). It is a traditional Chinese art. I started to learn paper cutting when I was 8 years old. My grandmother taught me. At first, it was difficult. I often cut my fingers (手指). But I didn’t give up. Now, I am good at it. I can cut beautiful pictures of flowers, animals and Chinese characters (汉字). I like paper cutting because it is interesting. I can use it to decorate (装饰) my room. I also send paper cuttings to my friends as gifts. They all love them. I want to teach more people about this art. I hope it will never be lost. 1．Zhang Peng is from . _______________________________________________________________ 2．Zhang Peng started to learn paper cutting when he was years old. _______________________________________________________________ 3．At first, Zhang Peng often cut his . _______________________________________________________________ 4．Zhang Peng uses paper cuttings to decorate his . _______________________________________________________________ 5．Zhang Peng wants to more people about this art. _______________________________________________________________ Passage 7 My hometown is a small town in the south of Hebei. It has a population of 30,000. Thirty years ago it was quiet and small, but now it is much busier. There is a wide river and a great university here. The town is famous for sweet peaches. Millions of visitors come every summer. My home is two kilometres away from the town centre, in the quiet countryside. Low green hills are around our town, they are lower than mountains in the north. I love my pretty hometown. 1．The writer’s hometown is a small town in the of Hebei. _______________________________________________________________ 2．The town has a population of thousand. _______________________________________________________________ 3．The town is famous for sweet . _______________________________________________________________ 4．The writer’s home is two kilometres from the town centre. _______________________________________________________________ 5．The hills around the town are than northern mountains. _______________________________________________________________ Passage 8 My name is Li Hua. I am in Grade Seven. I wait for my friends at the school gate every afternoon. Workers will build a new library in our town next year. I have lived here since 2018. There is a small hole on the wall of my house. The road near my home is narrow, so I walk down a small lane every day. I read interesting articles online recently. My parents don’t allow me to stay out late, so I must return home before 7 p.m. I often visit my relatives in the holidays. My cousin likes writing short poems. We never argue with each other. We always knock at the door before going into their houses. 1．Li Hua waits for friends at the every afternoon. _______________________________________________________________ 2．Workers will build a new next year in his town. _______________________________________________________________ 3．Li Hua has lived here 2018. _______________________________________________________________ 4．Li Hua must home before seven o’clock. _______________________________________________________________ 5．Li Hua and his cousin never with each other. _______________________________________________________________ 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $