精品解析：上海市闵行第三中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月阶段检测英语试题

闵行三中高二英语阶段练习 （考试时间：120分钟 满分150分） I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Buying a handbag. B. Trying on a piece of clothing. C. Taking a picture. D. Attending a fashion show. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: How do I look? M: Not bad. I really like the color. It matches your handbag. Q: What is the woman probably doing? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To the library. B. To the school. C. To the cafeteria. D. To the cinema. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Are we still going to have group study at the library tonight? W: Yeah. I’m just gonna grab something to eat and then I’ll come back to school. Q: Where is the woman probably going now? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Make a budget. B. Buy the painting. C. Decorate the living room. D. Bargain with the art dealer. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: I think this painting would look good in our living room. What do you think? M: Sure. Let’s take it. Luckily the price is within our budget. Q: What will the two speakers probably do next? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She didn’t get the promotion. B. She doesn’t look attractive. C. She is not in a good mood. D. She can’t stand foggy days. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Did you see Catherine today? Why does she have such a long face? W: I don’t have the foggiest idea. I thought she’d be happy since she got a promotion recently. Q: What can we learn about Catherine? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man needs to arrive earlier. B. The woman has to work overtime. C. The woman dislikes air travel. D. The man wants to save money. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Do you want to share a taxi to the airport? We can save on expenses that way. W: Actually, I hate flying. I’m thinking about going to the conference by train. Q: Why aren’t the man and woman going together? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He has earned a big fortune. B. He is good at saving. C. He has little money. D. He spends money like water. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: You’ve gone through all your money so quickly? I thought you were rich. M: Not me! You know money always burns a hole in my pocket. Q: What can we learn about the man? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He didn’t attend the ceremony. B. He took a lot of precious pictures. C. He forgot to take his cell phone. D. He recorded the ceremony with his camera. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Did you take any pictures of the graduation ceremony yesterday? M: I would have recorded every detail of it if I had taken my cellphone with me. Q: What does the man mean? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Set a deadline for the staff to meet. B. Encourage his staff to work harder. C. Ask for a progress report on the project. D. Hold a conversation with his employees. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Aren’t you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making? M: Yes. I think I’ll probably give them a deadline and hold them to it. Q: What is the man probably going to do? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He doesn’t need a vacation. B. The company is short of hands. C. He is afraid of losing the job. D. The boss told him to take a chance. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Derrick, you look exhausted. Don’t you think you should take a vacation? M: Oh, there’s too much work! My chances would be better if they would hire more people. Q: What does the man mean? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. No seats are available now. B. It’s not the right time to enter. C. It’s too dark for him to find the seat. D. She can’t get in until the interview ends. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Excuse me, can you please show me to my seat? It’s too dark inside and I don’t think I can find my seat. M: I’m sorry, Miss. But I can’t let you in until the interval. Q: What does the man mean? Section B (15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. More cheerful. B. Less stressed. C. More determined. D. Less attractive. 12. A. To find out how clothes can affect people’s feelings. B. To show how scientists pay more attention to details. C. To prove people make fewer mistakes in lab coats. D. To test the effect of clothes on people’s attention. 13. A. Body movements change the way people think. B. How people dress can change their appearance. C. What people wear can affect their performance. D. People doing different jobs wear different clothes. 【答案】11. C 12. D 13. C 【解析】 【原文】It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think. Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful and crossing your arms makes you more determined. So if moving the body can have these effects, what about the clothes we wear? We’re all aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive or professional, but can the clothes actually make us perform better or is it just a feeling? Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people’s powers of attention. The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail. What they found was that people wearing white coats made only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes. This opens the way for all sorts of clothes-based experiments. Is the psychologist smoking a cigar more insightful? Does a chef’s hat make the food taste better? Maybe from now on, I will only be editing my term paper wearing a pair of glasses to help me make fewer mistakes. Questions: 1. How would people probably feel when they cross their arms? 2. What is the purpose of Adam and Galinsky’s experiment?   3. What is the main idea of the passage? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Experts who specialize in preventing natural disasters. B. People trained to respond to medical emergencies. C. Super heroes devoted to defending the earth. D. Doctors and nurses who provide medical services. 15. A. Decent and promising. B. Busy but secure. C. Tough and stressful. D. Demanding but well-paid. 16. A. Passing a physical training program. B. Getting a certificate in CPR (心肺复苏术). C. Possessing a medical school diploma. D. Keeping calm in any situation. 【答案】14. B 15. C 16. C 【解析】 【原文】Some of the everyday heroes in the United States are the country’s paramedics. These young men and women are usually the first people who respond to medical emergencies suffered by citizens. They respond to emergency calls, performing medical services and transporting patients to medical facilities. They work both indoors and outdoors, in all types of weather. Their work is physically tough, sometimes involving life-or-death situations. People’s lives often depend on their quick reaction and competent care. Paramedics must complete a very extensive physical training program that is designed to knock out those who cannot make the cut. A paramedic must be in fit condition, and be mentally strong to perform his or her duties in the face of danger. They must be certified in CPR techniques, and be trained to handle all situations. Paramedics provide a valuable service to the communities they serve. Some of the equipment paramedics carry is very specialized. They carry basic and advanced life support tools so they can reach people in danger and other emergency equipment. Questions: 14. What are paramedics according to the passage? 15. Which group of words can best describe paramedics’ work according to the passage? 16. Which of following is NOT mentioned as a basic requirement for paramedics? 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. 18-26. B. 27-35. C. 36-45. D. 46-55. 18. A. Jogging. B. Swimming. C. Tennis. D. Cycling. 19. A. Launch a new promotion campaign. B. Carry out another survey. C. Increase the production of athletic shoes. D. Hold more athletic competitions. 20. A. Make products more appealing. B. Follow the trend. C. Focus on fitness business. D. Target older customers. 【答案】17. A 18. A 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【原文】W: Simon, could you review the results of the survey on people’s sporting activities? M: Sure. The survey was conducted on 150 men and women between the ages of 18 and 55 years old. According to the result, the most active group involved in sporting activities are those between 18 and 26 years old, followed by those 36 to 45 years old. W: Okay. M: As far as particular sports are concerned, people in these two groups chose jogging as their favorite sport followed by skiing, tennis, swimming, and cycling. W: Hmm. Based on what you’ve said, I think we should consider targeting the 18 to 26-year-old age group more in the future. I also feel we should consider expanding our line of athletic shoes. Maybe we can come up with a more appealing design aimed at this age group. M: I see what you mean. However, when these results are compared with the survey carried out three years ago, we can see a growing trend among older consumers — I mean 46 to 55 — who are becoming more conscious and concerned about staying fit. I believe this trend will continue, so we should focus on this group instead. W: I see your point. Well, let’s meet again on Wednesday to discuss the details. Questions: 17. Which group is the most active in sports according to the survey? 18. Which sport is most popular among people? 19. What is the woman’s proposal based on the survey? 20. What is the man’s suggestion on the marketing strategies? II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. China’s First Nobel Prize Winner in Medicine When it comes to science idols, there is no doubt that Tu Youyou is right up there. At the age of 84, she _____21_____ (award) the Nobel Prize for Medicine, the first Chinese ever ____22____ (win) the award. Tu Youyou started malaria research after she was recruited to a special government unit. In 1967, _____23_____ Chinese government saw an urgent national need to find a cure for malaria. Tu Youyou searched old manuscripts for a herbal remedy _____24_____ might form the basis of a cure. Despite the hardship, Tu never gave up the hope _____25_____ a cure was just around the corner. By this stage, she ______26______ (test) almost 200 compounds with nothing to show for it. Finally she found Artemisia. After repeated trials, she heated the extract _____27_____allowing it to reach boiling point. Tu volunteered to test the drug on _____28_____, being the first human to try it. The first tablets were approved in 1986. Since then, the number of malaria deaths _____29_____ (fall) by almost 50%. Tu devoted her life to ______30______ (perfect) the drug, working quietly in the background. If greatness is measured by lives saved, Tu Youyou ranks among history’s greatest scientists. 【答案】21. was awarded 22. to win 23. the 24. that##which 25. that 26. had tested 27. without 28. herself 29. has fallen 30. perfecting 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国首位诺贝尔医学奖获得者屠呦呦研究抗疟药物青蒿素的事迹。 【21题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：84岁时，她被授予诺贝尔医学奖，是有史以来第一位获此奖项的中国人。主语she和award之间是被动关系；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done；主语为she，be动词用was。 【22题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：84岁时，她被授予诺贝尔医学奖，是有史以来第一位获此奖项的中国人。当名词被the first修饰时，后面常用不定式作后置定语，the first Chinese ever to win… 意为“第一位赢得……的中国人”。 【23题详解】 考查冠词。句意：1967年，中国政府意识到国家迫切需要找到一种治疗疟疾的方法。此处特指中国政府，要用定冠词the修饰Chinese government。 【24题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦查阅古籍寻找草药方子，这一方子有可能作为疗法的基础。先行词a herbal remedy是物，关系词在限制性定语从句中作主语，可用that或者which引导。 【25题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：尽管困难重重，屠呦呦从未放弃希望——治愈方法近在眼前。此处that引导同位语从句，解释说明hope的具体内容，that在从句中不作成分，不能省略。 【26题详解】 考查时态。句意：到这个阶段为止，她已经测试了将近200种化合物，却一无所获。By this stage意为“到这个阶段为止”，stage是过去时间点；“测试”这个动作发生在这个过去时间之前，属于过去的过去，用过去完成时had done。 【27题详解】 考查介词。句意：经过反复试验，她加热提取物，不让它达到沸点。根据上下文科学实验背景，此处指不让达到沸点，without doing表示“不做某事，没有做某事”。 【28题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：屠呦呦自愿在自己身上测试药物，成为第一个人体试验者。主语是Tu，动作施加在主语本人身上，用反身代词herself。 【29题详解】 考查时态。句意：从那以后，疟疾死亡人数下降了近50%。Since then是现在完成时标志词；主语the number of…作主语，谓语动词用单数，现在完成时结构为has/have done，fall的过去分词为fallen。 【30题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦毕生致力于完善这种药物，默默在幕后工作。此处为固定搭配devote one’s life to doing sth.，to是介词，后面接动名词。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. acquire B. assumption C. demanding D. devoted E. impact F. isolation G. mechanisms H. recruits I. rewarding J. sponsored K. sustain Volunteering has long been regarded as a noble act of giving, yet a growing body of research suggests that helpers themselves may be the biggest winners. In a study of more than 2,000 teenagers, those who have ____31____ themselves to community service reported lower stress levels and higher life satisfaction than their peers. The findings challenge the ____32____ that giving is a sacrifice rather than a gain. So what makes volunteering so powerful? Psychologists point to several ____33____. First, helping others builds a sense of belonging, which protects young people from feelings of ____34____. Second, volunteering pushes teenagers out of their comfort zones, forcing them to ____35____ practical skills such as public speaking and problem-solving. Third, witnessing the positive ___36___ of their efforts — a cleaner park, a brighter smile — strengthens their belief that they can make a difference. Take the “Sunshine Readers”program, which ____37____ university students to read aloud to children in hospitals. Initially ____38____ by a local charity, the program has grown into a citywide movement as more schools have joined in. For the volunteers themselves, the experience has proved highly ____39____; many describe it as a turning point in their lives. Of course, volunteering is not always smooth sailing. It can be time-consuming and even emotionally ____40____. Yet for most young volunteers, the rewards far outweigh the challenges. As one participant put it, “I went there hoping to change others’ lives, but I ended up changing my own.” Perhaps that is why an increasing number of schools are integrating volunteering into their curricula, determined to cultivate a caring generation. 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. G 34. F 35. A 36. E 37. H 38. J 39. I 40. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了志愿服务并非单纯付出，助人者自身反而可能是最大受益者；文章从心理学机制、“阳光朗读者”项目实例及客观挑战等方面，说明志愿活动为何能让青少年收获更低的压力与更高的生活满意度。 【31题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：在一项对2000多名青少年的研究中，那些投身社区服务的人，比同龄人报告了更低的压力水平和更高的生活满意度。who have _______ themselves to community service是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those，who作主语，have是现在完成时的助动词，要填过去分词构成谓语；结合空后的themselves to community service可知，方框中的devoted是devote的过去分词，可构成固定短语devote oneself to，表示“投身于”，符合题意。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些发现挑战了“付出是一种牺牲而非收获”这一固有假设。所填词位于定冠词the之后，其后有that引导的同位语从句，要填抽象名词；结合that giving is a sacrifice rather than a gain可知，这是一种假设，方框中assumption“假设”符合题意。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：心理学家指出了若干机制。several修饰所填词，要填复数名词；mechanisms是复数名词，意为“机制”，符合题意，对应下文提出的三个动机。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：帮助他人能建立归属感，从而保护年轻人免于孤立。所填词置于feelings of 之后作宾语，应用名词；结合helping others builds a sense of belonging可知，此处指让年轻人免于孤立，方框中的isolation是名词，意为“孤立”，与belonging相对应，符合题意。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：志愿服务促使青少年走出舒适区，迫使他们习得公开演讲、解决问题等实用技能。所填词位于动词不定式符号to之后，应用动词原形；结合practical skills such as public speaking and problem-solving可知，此处指习得实用技能，方框中的acquire是动词，意为“习得、获得”，符合题意。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：见证自己努力产生的积极影响——更干净的公园、更灿烂的笑容——会坚定他们能够带来改变的信念。所填词位于形容词positive之后，应用名词；结合a cleaner park, a brighter smile可知，此处指努力带来的积极影响，方框中的impact是名词，意为“影响”，符合题意。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：以“阳光朗读者”项目为例，该项目招募大学生到医院为孩子们朗读。which ________ university students to read aloud to children in hospitals是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “Sunshine Readers” program；该从句陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，先行词为单数名词，which在该从句中作主语代替该名词，所填词作谓语，要用动词的第三人称单数形式；结合university students to read aloud to children in hospitals可知，此处指招募大学生去朗读，方框中的recruits是动词recruit的第三人称单数形式，意为“招募”，符合题意。 【38题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：该项目最初由当地一家慈善机构发起赞助，随着更多学校加入，已发展成全市范围的活动。Initially_______ by a local charity置于句首作状语，结合by可知，要用过去分词表示被动含义；结合a local charity可知，此处指慈善机构发起的赞助，方框中的sponsored是sponsor的过去分词，意为“赞助”，符合题意。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对志愿者自身而言，这段经历被证明极有价值；很多人称之为人生的转折点。副词highly作状语修饰所填词，作连系动词proved的表语，应填形容词；结合many describe it as a turning point in their lives可知，志愿者的经历是有意义，方框中的rewarding是形容词，意为“值得的、有意义的”，符合题意。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：志愿服务可能耗费时间，甚至在情感上令人吃力。所填词与形容词time-consuming并列，被副词emotionally修饰，应填表示负面含义的形容词；方框中的demanding是形容词，意为“要求高的、费力的”，符合题意。 III. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A child’s place in the family birth order may play a role in the type of occupations that will interest him or her as an adult, new research suggests. In two related studies, researchers found that only children were more interested in intellectual, cognitive careers than later-born children. ___41___, later-born children were more interested in both artistic and outdoor-related careers. “For example, parents may be extremely ___42___ of only children and worry about their physical safety. That may be why only children are more likely to show interest in academic ___43___ rather than physical or outdoor activities. An only child will tend to get more time and attention from their parents than children with siblings. This will often make them feel special but the downside is that they may suffer from ___44___ and loneliness when friends discuss their brothers and sisters and family life.” The first-born is an only child until the second child comes along — ___45___ them from being the centre of attention, to then sharing the care of parents. Parents will also expect them to be responsible and “set an example”. The change from being the focus of a family may be quite a ___46___ and so shape the first-born’s outlook on life. Therefore, first-borns may try to get back their parents’ attention and approval by achieving success in their career. It is true that first-borns are ___47___ more often found as political leaders than any other birth-order position. Being the youngest in the family can sometimes be a(n) ___48___ experience, especially if the child wants to be taken seriously. The last-born is more likely than the other birth-order positions to take up dangerous sports. This may be a ___49___ of the last-born’s rebellious characteristic–a result of being ___50___ up with always being bossed about by everyone else in the family. Middle children, ___51___, have different issues. “Middle–child syndrome” can mean feeling ___52___ between two other “more important” people — an older sibling who gets all the rights and is treated like an adult and a younger sibling who gets all the ___53___ and is treated like a spoilt child. Middle-borns have to learn to get on with older and younger children, and this may ___54___ them becoming good negotiators — of all the birth-order positions they are most skillful at dealing with both authority figures and those holding ___55___ positions. 41. A. In other words B. In addition C. In contrast D. In particular 42. A. proud B. protective C. positive D. precious 43. A. pursuit B. exchange C. freedom D. reputation 44. A. regret B. jealousy C. sympathy D. neglect 45. A. prohibiting B. varying C. preventing D. transforming 46. A. disaster B. tragedy C. shock D. tendency 47. A. enormously B. significantly C. unexpectedly D. extremely 48. A. exciting B. confusing C. frustrating D. rewarding 49. A. sample B. signal C. symbol D. sign 50. A. tied B. fed C. mixed D. caught 51. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. meanwhile 52. A. sandwiched B. trapped C. combined D. balanced 53. A. honors B. resources C. privileges D. expectations 54. A. insist on B. contribute to C. approve of D. result from 55. A. former B. superior C. latter D. inferior 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了一项新研究，研究表明出生顺序会影响一个人成年后的职业兴趣。 【41题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：相比之下，后出生的孩子对艺术型和户外型职业都更感兴趣。A. In other words换句话说；B. In addition此外；C. In contrast相比之下；D. In particular尤其。根据上文“In two related studies, researchers found that only children were more interested in intellectual, cognitive careers than later-born children.”可知，设空后讲后出生孩子的职业偏好与独生子女不同，前后构成对比关系。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，父母可能对独生子女过分保护，并担心他们的人身安全。A. proud自豪的；B. protective保护的；C. positive积极的；D. precious珍贵的。根据这一句后半部分的“worry about their physical safety ”可知，正因为担心孩子的安全，父母才会处处加以保护，be protective of意为“保护、呵护”。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：这也许就是为什么独生子女更倾向于对学业追求而不是体育或户外活动感兴趣。A. pursuit追求；B. exchange交换；C. freedom自由；D. reputation名声。根据设空处后后半句提到“rather than physical or outdoor activities ”中的对比可知，与户外活动相对，指学业上的追求。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：缺点是，当朋友们谈论他们的兄弟姐妹和家庭生活时，他们可能会感到嫉妒和孤独。A. regret遗憾；B. jealousy嫉妒；C. sympathy同情；D. neglect忽视。根据下文“loneliness when friends discuss their brothers and sisters and family life ”可知，独生子女没有兄弟姐妹，听到朋友谈论兄弟姐妹时容易心生羡慕嫉妒。 【45题详解】 考查动词。句意：老二出生之前，老大一直是唯一的孩子——老二的降生使他们从众人关注的焦点转变为共享父母的关爱。A. prohibiting禁止；B. varying变化；C. preventing阻止；D. transforming转变。根据下文“from being the centre of attention to sharing the care of the parents ”可知，设空处表示从一种状态到另一种状态的转变。 【46题详解】 考查名词。句意：从家庭的焦点变成与弟妹分享关爱，这种变化可能相当令人震惊，并因此塑造老大的处世观。A. disaster灾难；B. tragedy悲剧；C. shock震惊；D. tendency倾向。根据上文“The first-born is an only child until the second child comes along.”可知，老大突然失去独享的关注，这种变化会让他们震惊。 【47题详解】 考查副词。句意：事实上，在政治领袖中，长子长女出现的频率确实明显高于其他任何出生顺序。A. enormously巨大地；B. significantly显著地；C. unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. extremely极其。根据上文“Parents will also expect them to be responsible and “set an example”.”及“Therefore, first-borns may try to get back their parents’ attention and approval by achieving success in their career.”可知，长子长女从小被寄予厚望、追求事业成功，因此他们成为政治领袖的频率比其他出生顺序明显更高。设空处修饰比较结构more often...than any other birth-order position，强调这种差距显著。 【48题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在家里当最小的孩子有时可能是一种令人沮丧的经历，尤其是当这个孩子想被认真对待的时候。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. frustrating令人沮丧的；D. rewarding值得的。根据下文“The last-born is more likely than the other birth-order positions to take up dangerous sports.”可知，老小常不被认真对待，只能通过冒险引人注意，这种经历令人沮丧。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：这可能是老小叛逆性格的一个迹象，是其在家里总是被所有人指使而心生厌烦的结果。A. sample样品；B. signal信号；C. symbol象征；D. sign迹象。根据上文“The last-born is more likely than the other birth-order positions to take up dangerous sports.”可知，从事危险运动正是其叛逆性格的表现，a sign of意为“……的迹象”。 【50题详解】 考查动词。句意：这可能是老小叛逆性格的一个迹象，是其在家里总是被所有人指使而心生厌烦的结果。A. tied系；B. fed喂养；C. mixed混合；D. caught抓住。根据下文“The last-born is more likely than the other birth-order positions to take up dangerous sports.”可知，老小倾向于用叛逆、冒险的方式反抗。设空处所在句表示一种持续累积的不满情绪，be fed up with意为“对……感到厌烦”，与其后always being bossed about(总是被指使)搭配，准确表达老小因长期被指使而产生的厌烦心理。 【51题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，中间的孩子有着不同的问题。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. otherwise否则；D. meanwhile同时。根据上文讲述老小的问题，设空所在句转入讲中间孩子的different issues(不同的问题)，前后为转折关系。 【52题详解】 考查动词。句意：“中间孩子综合征”可能指的是夹在另外两个“更重要”的人之间的感觉，即一个享有所有权利、被当作大人对待的哥哥姐姐，和一个得到一切优待、被宠坏的小弟弟或小妹妹。A. sandwiched夹在中间的；B. trapped被困住的；C. combined结合的；D. balanced平衡的。根据下文“an older sibling who gets all the rights and is treated like an adult and a younger sibling who gets all the privileges and is treated like a spoilt child.”可知，中间的孩子两边分别是更受重视的哥哥姐姐和弟弟妹妹，他们被夹在这两者之间，处境尴尬。 【53题详解】 考查名词。句意：“中间孩子综合征”可能指的是夹在另外两个“更重要”的人之间的感觉，即一个享有所有权利、被当作大人对待的哥哥姐姐，和一个得到一切优待、被宠坏的小弟弟或小妹妹。A. honors荣誉；B. resources资源；C. privileges特权、优待；D. expectations期待。根据下文“an older sibling who gets all the rights and is treated like an adult and a younger sibling who gets all the privileges and is treated like a spoilt child.”可知，设空处与哥哥姐姐的gets all the rights(享有所有权利)形成对照。 【54题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：中间的孩子必须学会与比他们大和小的孩子相处，这可能促成他们成为很好的谈判者。A. insist on坚持；B. contribute to促成；C. approve of赞成；D. result from由…… 造成。根据下文“of all the birth-order positions they are most skillful at dealing with both authority figures ”可知，中间的孩子长期学习与比自己大和小的孩子相处，这种经历促成了他们善于协调沟通的结果。 【55题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在所有出生顺序中，他们在与权威人物以及那些地位较低的人打交道方面最为娴熟。A. former以前的；B. superior更优越的；C. latter后面的；D. inferior较低的、劣势的。根据上文“Middle-borns have to learn to get on with older and younger children.”可知，中间的孩子既要顺应哥哥姐姐(权威人物authority figures)，又要照顾弟弟妹妹(地位较低者)，因此设空处与authority figures形成对照，指地位比自己低的人。 Section B (22’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） To Be a Deaf DJ I was born in England with perfect hearing. In 1990, when I was five, my family moved to the United States. I started getting ear infections every three months or so. We didn’t have health insurance at the time, and when I got a third infection, my parents couldn’t afford the treatment. I went deaf in my right ear and was left with 50 percent hearing in my left. Over time, my remaining hearing dropped to 20 percent, where it is today. My doctors predicted that I would be thoroughly deaf by now, and I think I’m doing pretty well. There was always music on in my house in my childhood. I loved listening to Metallica, Led Zeppelin, Michael Jackson. My dad was a DJ, so he played disco, folk, rock, and music from other countries. For my 18th birthday, my dad asked me to deejay at the restaurant. After doing that for a few weeks, I was interested in it. I desired to learn more. I e-mailed DJ Shiftee, a distinguished New York City DJ, “I know you like a challenge. How about teaching a deaf person to deejay?” He wrote back the next day, “Challenge accepted.” He tutored me twice a week for two years, helping me develop correct technique. I practiced four hours a day. Now when I’m performing, muscle memory takes over. When I started, I wouldn’t tell the club managers that I was deaf. I would just show up, introduce myself, and start playing music. At the end of the night, someone would say, “Oh, here’s the check.” And I’d say, “What? Oh, I can’t hear.” They were always so astonished. Sometimes I would bring doctor’s notes because they wouldn’t believe me. It was reassurance that they were giving me opportunities to perform because I was brilliant, not out of sympathy. Eventually people started calling me “that deaf DJ,” and the name stuck. What fascinates me about deejaying is the creativity. I use software that turns the music into lines of color on a computer screen. I’m visually hearing the music. The next time you go dancing, cover your ears, and you’ll start seeing that you’re able to hear the music in a different way. Music is not all about hearing. I pay all sorts of get-togethers now, from college parties to corporate events. I also go to elementary schools for the deaf and talk to the students about motivation and believing in themselves. I tell the parents, “My advice to you is let your kids chase their dreams. I’m a deaf DJ, so why not?” 56. Which of the following might result in the author’s hearing loss? A. Monthly ear infection. B. Moving to the U. S. C. Family financial hardship. D. The doctors’ prediction. 57. How did DJ Shiftee help the author during his youth? A. He taught him correct skills. B. He discovered his talent for DJ. C. He played at the restaurant for him. D. He cultivated his taste for foreign music. 58. The underlined expression in Paragraph 3 “the name stuck” probably means that ________. A. the author was in low spirits B. the author impressed people deeply C. the audience felt disappointed by the player D. the audience looked down upon the player 59. We can conclude from the passage that the author loves deejaying because ________. A. working as a DJ involves creating B. music helps him to see the world virtually C. he motivates the kids to realize their dream D. he desires to challenge something impossible 【答案】56. C 57. A 58. B 59. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在长大的过程中因为家庭经济的原因没能对耳疾进行彻底的治疗，从而导致了听力的损伤，但坚强的意志力使作者成为了一名唱片节目主持人。作者建议孩子们的父母让孩子们追逐自己的梦想。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We didn’t have health insurance at the time, and when I got a third infection, my parents couldn’t afford the treatment. I went deaf in my right ear and was left with 50 percent hearing in my left. Over time, my remaining hearing dropped to 20 percent, where it is today. (那时我们没有医疗保险，当我第三次感染时，我的父母负担不起治疗费用。我右耳失聪，左耳只有50%的听力。随着时间的推移，我剩下的听力降到了今天的20%)”可知，家庭经济困难导致了作者的听力受损。故选C。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He tutored me twice a week for two years, helping me develop correct technique.(在两年的时间里，他每周辅导我两次，帮助我培养正确的技术)”可知，DJ Shiftee在作者年轻时教给他正确的技能。故选A。 【58题详解】 句意猜测题。根据画线词上文“At the end of the night, someone would say, “Oh, here’s the check.” And I’d say, “What? Oh, I can’t hear.” They were always so astonished. Sometimes I would bring doctor’s notes because they wouldn’t believe me. It was reassurance that they were giving me opportunities to perform because I was brilliant, no out of sympathy. Eventually people started calling me”可知，在深夜有人和作者说：“哦，这是支票。”而作者会说：“什么？哦，我听不到。”他们很惊讶。有时作者会带医生的诊断记录，因为他们不相信作者。可以放心的是，他们给了作者表演的机会，因为作者很聪明，不是出于他们的同情。最终，人们开始称作者为“那个聋的DJ”，可见作者给人们留下了深刻的印象。可知，画线部分表示作者给人留下了深刻的印象。故选B。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What fascinates me about deejaying is the creativity.(当DJ让我着迷的是创造力)”可推知，作者喜欢担任一名唱片节目主持人是因为这份工作中需要人拥有创造力，能够做出创新。故选A。 (B) Are you worried about the planet and tired of waiting around for things to change? Go ahead and take a closer look at the various options available to volunteer for the environment! Sustainable Agriculture If you decide to volunteer for a sustainable agriculture project, you’ll definitely learn some interesting sustainable farming techniques. You will be learning these techniques from locals or teaching them to the local farmers so they can implement these techniques on their own. Best Places to Volunteer: Central or South Africa, India, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines. Marine Conservation Volunteers for marine conservation should naturally be attracted to water. It’s important that you don’t fear diving and have a strong interest in learning to dive during your stay. While volunteering, your task as a volunteer will be to help research, maintain and grow the unique marine biology. Best Places to Volunteer: The Bahamas, Cuba, Peru, South Africa, Indonesia, Spain and Italy. Nature Conservation Conservation projects are dedicated to protecting the natural environment of a specific location. Tasks here may vary greatly depending on the program but it will require volunteers to study the environment and learn about the local wildlife species. You’ll be monitoring the environment and retrieving data while taking action to preserve the local species of fauna and flora. Best Places to Volunteer: Madagascar, the Maldives, South Africa, New Zealand and Russia. Renewable Energy and Water Projects focused on energy and water create ways for communities to access sustainable energy and water sources. These programs are dedicated to designing system improvements and creating a sustainable supply of energy and water. It’s important for conservation volunteers to evaluate the needs of the community and implement actions to solve these issues. Best Places to Volunteer: Peru, Costa Rica, El Salvador, India and Cameroon. Requirements: With so many subcategories and such a wide array of organizations, the required skill set will vary for each program. English is the main language on all projects so it’s important that conservation volunteers have a good understanding of English. For projects in South America, you will find it helpful to have a basic knowledge of Spanish. 60. If you want to volunteer for three projects in the same country, which country is the best choice? A. Peru. B. Indonesia. C. South Africa. D. India. 61. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Volunteers can learn farming techniques by implementing these techniques on their own. B. Volunteers need to study the environment and perform the same natural conservation tasks. C. Volunteers should assess the requirements of the community before implementing actions. D. Volunteers can sign up for marine conservation project even if they are afraid of the water. 62. What is required in common to be a volunteer in any of the above programs? A. Farming techniques. B. Marine biology. C. Data retrieving. D. The English language. 【答案】60. C 61. B 62. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者主要介绍了一些环境志愿者需具备的条件以及可以去的地方。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一个项目Sustainable Agriculture中“Best Places to Volunteer: Central or South Africa, India, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines.”（最佳志愿者地点：中非或南非、印度、尼泊尔、印度尼西亚和菲律宾。），第二个项目Marine Conservation中“Best Places to Volunteer: The Bahamas, Cuba, Peru, South Africa, Indonesia, Spain and Italy.”（志愿者的最佳地点：巴哈马、古巴、秘鲁、南非、印度尼西亚、西班牙和意大利。），第三个项目Nature Conservation中“Best Places to Volunteer: Madagascar, the Maldives, South Africa, New Zealand and Russia.”（志愿者的最佳地点：马达加斯加，马尔代夫，南非，新西兰和俄罗斯。），第四个项目 Renewable Energy and Water中“Best Places to Volunteer: Peru, Costa Rica, El Salvador, India and Cameroon.”（志愿者的最佳地点：秘鲁，哥斯达黎加，萨尔瓦多，印度和喀麦隆。）结合以上四个项目的最佳地点可知，如果你想在同一个国家志愿参加三个项目，最好的选择就是去南非。故选C。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三个项目Nature Conservation中“Tasks here may vary greatly depending on the program but it will require volunteers to study the environment and learn about the local wildlife species. You’ll be monitoring the environment and retrieving data while taking action to preserve the local species of fauna and flora.”（根据项目的不同，这里的任务可能会有很大差异，但需要志愿者研究环境，了解当地的野生动物物种。你将监测环境并获取数据，同时采取行动保护当地的动植物物种。）可知，志愿者需要研究环境，并执行同样的自然保护任务。故选B。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“English is the main language on all projects so it’s important that conservation volunteers have a good understanding of English.”（英语是所有项目的主要语言，所以环保志愿者对英语有良好的理解是很重要的。）可知，任何项目的志愿者都需要具备的共同的条件就是对英语有良好的理解。故选D。 (C) Detecting Loneliness We know that artificial intelligence (AI) is smart enough to do a few things our minds cannot, and with incredible accuracy. And now, it seems it also has the capacity to detect loneliness in humans, which is an otherwise challenging task. A new study, led by researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, US, has shown how AI tools can predict levels of loneliness from a person’s speech with an accuracy rate of 94 percent. The study focused on 80 participants aged 66 to 94, a population particularly vulnerable to loneliness. The subjects were asked 20 questions from the UCLA Loneliness Scale, which uses a four-point rating scale (量表) for questions such as “How often do you feel left out?” and “How often do you feel part of a group of friends?” They were also interviewed in private conversations, which were recorded and transcribed (转录) by researchers. The transcripts (文字记录) were then examined using natural language processing tools, including IBM Watson Natural Language Understanding (WNLU) software, to quantify (量化) expressed emotions. The interesting thing about this system is that it not only uses dictionary-based methods, such as searching for specific words that express fear, but also presents corresponding patterns by testing the words used in the response. Varsha Badal, the first author of the study, noted that the WNLU software system uses deep learning to extract (提取) data from keywords, categories, emotions and grammar.“Natural language processing and machine learning can systematically examine long interviews from multiple individuals and explore how subtle speech features such as emotions may indicate loneliness,” Badal said. “Similar emotion analyses by humans would be open to bias (偏见), lack consistency, and require extensive training to standardize.” The more lonely a person felt, the longer their responses to direct questions regarding loneliness. The system was capable of not just detecting the degree of loneliness in each subject, but also showing differences between the way men and women spoke about loneliness. The men were found to use more fearful and joyful words in their responses, while the women tended to acknowledge feeling lonely during interviews. Co-author Dilip Jeste said that the IBM-UC San Diego Center is now exploring natural language patterns of loneliness and wisdom, which are inversely (成反比地) linked in older adults. “Speech data can be combined with our other assessments of cognition (认知), mobility, sleep, physical activity and mental health to improve understanding of aging and to help contribute to successful aging,” he said. 63. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in the second paragraph most probably mean? A. having very excited and pleased feelings B. unable to think clearly or to understand sth C. having strong negative feelings about sth D. weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally 64. How did the WNLU software system contribute to the loneliness study? A. By detecting speech patterns that show emotion. B. By removing bias from the transcribing process. C. By locating specific words in long conversations. D. By standardizing the training of emotion analyses. 65. Which of the following is among the findings? A. The lonelier the person is, the quicker they respond. B. The way we talk about loneliness varies with age. C. Lonelier people had longer responses about loneliness. D. Women tend to be more optimistic about loneliness. 66. What does Dilip Jeste imply in the last paragraph? A. Further study is needed to improve the system’s accuracy. B. AI tools can be applied to studying the secret of aging. C. Speech data is important for assessing cognition. D. The study is helpful for studying aging. 【答案】63. D 64. A 65. C 66. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述一项新研究发现，AI能够通过人的语音以94%的准确率预测孤独程度，介绍了该研究的对象与方法、系统的工作原理、研究得出的相关结论，以及研究成果在老年健康领域的应用前景。 【63题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段画线词“vulnerable”前面的“The study focused on 80 participants aged 66 to 94(研究聚焦80名年龄在66到94岁的参与者)”和后面的“loneliness(孤独)”可知，老年群体更容易受到孤独的侵扰。由此推知，画线词含有“脆弱的、身心容易受到伤害”之意。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The interesting thing about this system is that it not only uses dictionary-based methods, such as searching for specific words that express fear, but also presents corresponding patterns by testing the words used in the response.(这套系统的有趣之处在于，它不仅采用基于词典的方法，比如搜索表达恐惧的特定词汇，还会通过测试作答所用的词汇呈现对应模式。)”以及第四段中的“Natural language processing and machine learning can systematically examine long interviews from multiple individuals and explore how subtle speech features such as emotions may indicate loneliness.(自然语言处理和机器学习可以系统分析多人的长篇访谈，探索情绪等细微的言语特征如何反映孤独。)”可知，WNLU软件系统通过检测体现情绪的言语模式为孤独研究提供支持。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The more lonely a person felt, the longer their responses to direct questions regarding loneliness.(一个人越孤独，回答与孤独直接相关的问题时回复就越长。)”可知，更孤独的人谈及孤独相关问题时给出的回答更长，属于研究得出的结论。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Speech data can be combined with our other assessments of cognition (认知), mobility, sleep, physical activity and mental health to improve understanding of aging and to help contribute to successful aging(语音数据可以和我们对认知、行动能力、睡眠、身体活动、心理健康的其他评估结合，增进对衰老的理解，助力成功老龄化)”可知，该研究收集的语音数据可纳入老年健康综合评估体系。由此可推知，这项研究对衰老相关研究有帮助。 Section C（8’） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Importance of Ethics (道德准则) Two 1996 studies indicate the importance of the study of ethics to students in journalism and mass communications programs. A survey of seventy-three media ethics courses at universities across the country revealed a continuing rise in enrollment. _____67_____ Also, media organizations have told educators that they value students’ critical-thinking and problem-solving skills and their sense of ethics. However, reasons for studying ethics go beyond what potential employers desire. Proper behavior is necessary for growth and order. If one objective of an education is to promote the growth and development of the individual, then the place to start is with personal behavior. Developing a sense of what is right and wrong, or appropriate and inappropriate, will promote order, not only in individual lives but also in society at large. _____68_____ Speed limits are set, proper directions are indicated, and numerous suggestions are made — Seat belts, for example — so that automobile travel is reasonably safe and efficient. Without order, the “rules” of the road, travel becomes chaotic. Order is necessary. _____69_____ It sets “rules” for proper human activity and as a result promotes growth, development, and order in individual lives. _____70_____ Not every problem is an ethical one, and even when an ethical problem is present itself, people sometimes make the wrong ethical decision, or they make the right ethical decision and it results in unforeseen negative consequences. Nevertheless, people must realize that without a large number of individuals “doing the right thing”, society would not be doing much at all except fighting for survival and trying to figure out an increasingly chaotic world. Things are bad enough with ethics; think how bad they might be without them. A. Ethical behavior could play the same role. B. Think, for example, of the order required to move traffic on roads and highways. C. Ethics promotes not only a better individual but also a better society. D. The other study noted that 44 percent of the responding schools required students to complete an ethics course. E. In conclusion, ethics seeks to resolve moral problems by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong. F. Ethics, however, is not a magic cure-all. 【答案】67. D 68. B 69. A 70. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了道德准则学习对学生的重要性、作用及存在的局限性。 【67题详解】 根据上文“A survey of seventy-three media ethics courses at universities across the country revealed a continuing rise in enrollment. (一项对全国73所大学媒体道德学课程的调查显示，报名人数持续上升)”可知，媒体道德学课程的报名人数在上升，空处承接上文，D项“另一项研究指出，44% 的受访学校要求学生完成一门道德学课程”能够承接上文，进一步举例说明两项研究表明道德学习对新闻与大众传播专业学生的重要性，符合语境。故选D。 【68题详解】 根据上文“Developing a sense of what is right and wrong, or appropriate and inappropriate, will promote order, not only in individual lives but also in society at large. (培养正确与错误、适当与不适当的意识，不仅会促进个人生活的秩序，还会促进整个社会的秩序)”可知，道德观念对个人和社会秩序的促进作用，下文“Speed limits are set, proper directions are indicated, and numerous suggestions are made — Seat belts, for example — so that automobile travel is reasonably safe and efficient. (设定速度限制，指示正确的方向，并提出许多建议——例如，安全带——以使汽车旅行合理安全和高效)”以道路上的交通秩序为例，说明规则对于维护秩序的重要性。B选项“例如，想想在道路上和公路上移动交通所需的秩序”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 【69题详解】 根据上文“Without order, the “rules” of the road, travel becomes chaotic. Order is necessary. (没有秩序，没有道路上的“规则”，旅行就会变得混乱。秩序是必要的)”可知，秩序和规则对于维护交通等重要领域的重要性，空处承接上文，A项“道德行为可以起到同样的作用”将秩序和道德行为类比，道德行为也发挥着与秩序类似的作用，符合语境。故选A。 【70题详解】 根据下文“Not every problem is an ethical one, and even when an ethical problem is present itself, people sometimes make the wrong ethical decision, or they make the right ethical decision and it results in unforeseen negative consequences. (并非每一个问题都是道德问题，而且即使出现了道德问题，人们有时也会做出错误的道德决策，或者他们做出了正确的道德决策，却导致了意想不到的负面后果)”可知，道德准则并不是万能的，它不能解决所有问题，有时甚至会带来负面后果，F项“然而，道德并不是万能的灵丹妙药”能概括段落主旨，引出下文对道德局限性的阐述，符合语境。故选F。 IV. Verb-blanks（10’） 71. Don’t phone him between 5 and 6. He ____________ (have) dinner then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be having 【解析】 【详解】句意：不要在 5 点到 6 点之间给他打电话。那时他将会正在吃晚饭。 “between 5 and 6”以及时间副词then指将来某个特定时间段，表示将来某一时间点 / 时间段正在发生的动作，故用将来进行时will be having。 72. Nobody is allowed to go into the meeting room. The committee members happen ______________ (discuss) the environmental problem now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be discussing 【解析】 【详解】句意：任何人不得进入会议室。委员会成员此刻碰巧正在讨论环境问题。此处为happen to do固定搭配，时间标志词now表明动作正在发生，需用不定式的进行式to be doing；主语 the committee members与discuss之间为主动关系，填to be discussing，表示碰巧正在讨论。 73. He was supposed __________________(return) today, but was delayed by the heavy fog. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have returned 【解析】 【详解】句意：他本该今日归来，却因大雾延误。此处为固定搭配：be supposed to do sth.“理应/应该做某事”，本句中：他本应该今天就已经回来了，但是因为大雾延误了（事实：没有回来），强调动作本该完成却未发生，所以用不定式的完成式to have returned。 74. A knock at the door again! It was the third time someone ________________ (interrupt) me that evening. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had interrupted 【解析】 【详解】句意：又传来一阵敲门声！那已经是那天晚上第三次有人打断我了。此处是“It was the+序数词+time+(that)...”的固定句型，从句要用过去完成时，谓语用had interrupted。 75. Realizing that he hadn’t enough money and ________________(not want) to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】not wanting 【解析】 【详解】句意：意识到自己钱不够，又不想向父亲借钱，他决定卖掉手表。分析句子可知，句子主干：he decided to sell his watch，前面是两个并列的现在分词短语作原因状语：Realizing that… and not wanting to…，逻辑主语都是he，he和want是主动关系，用现在分词。 76. He _______ (plan) to go abroad, but he changed his mind after finding a good job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had planned 【解析】 【详解】句意：他本计划出国，但找到一份好工作后就改变了主意。结合but he changed his mind after finding a good job可知，but后面的句子用了一般过去时，可推断他原本打算出国但没出国，提示词plan用于过去完成时表示原来打算要做但没做，要填had planned，符合本句语境。 77. Yesterday our English teacher told us that practice ______________ (make) perfect. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】makes 【解析】 【详解】句意：昨天我们英语老师告诉我们熟能生巧。“practice makes perfect”是客观真理、谚语，宾语从句不受主句过去时态told的影响，仍用一般现在时；主语practice为不可数名词，此空填makes。 78. When he was a student, he spent as much more time as he could ______________ (go) over his lessons (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】going 【解析】 【详解】句意：当他还是学生的时候，他尽可能多地花时间复习功课。此处为固定结构 spend time (in) doing sth，表示 “花费时间做某事”，介词in可以省略，后面要用动名词形式。 79. Tom ________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】has been working 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的三个月里，汤姆每晚都在图书馆工作。根据后文over the last three months可知表示过去发生的动作，持续不间断进行到现在，将来可能继续进行应用现在完成进行时，主语为Tom，助动词用has，故填has been working。 80. Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been trying 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从人类开始从事园艺活动以来，我们一直在努力使环境变得更美。根据时间状语从句Since the time humankind started gardening可知，主句应用现在完成时；结合句意，应用现在完成进行时，强调动作会一直持续下去。故填have been trying。 V. Complete the following sentences by using the phrases in the box. Each phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one phrase more than you need.（10’） Complete the following sentences by using the phrases in the box. Each phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one phrase more than you need. A. in an attempt to B. stand out C. struggling with D. working on E. by heart F. take turns G. lose face H. on tiptoe I. make use of J. come of K. consist in 81. Though he walked into the classroom ____________, the teacher noticed him in no time. 82. My brother made a fair laboratory in the garden ____________ work hard at chemistry. 83. Those with a vivid imagination tend to ____________ in some creative work. 84. My classmates and I will ____________ to recite the poem in tomorrow’s English lesson. 85. To be skilled readers, you might as well ____________ the context and predict. 86. The last thing I want to see is to ____________ before my friends. 87. I stayed up late last night, ____________ the speech to be delivered at the graduation ceremony. 88. Learning doesn’t ____________ being an empty container. 89. I have listened to it dozens of times and have already learned it ____________. 90. They are ____________ the cruel fate because they believe their efforts are sure to make all the difference. 【答案】81. H 82. A 83. B 84. F 85. I 86. G 87. D 88. K 89. E 90. C 【解析】 【81题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：尽管他踮着脚走进教室，但老师立刻就注意到了他。根据句意可知，此处表示“踮着脚”应用固定搭配on tiptoe，描述走路的方式，在句中作方式状语。 【82题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：我哥哥在花园里搭建了一个简易实验室，力求努力学好化学。根据句意可知，此处表目的“试图，力求”，应用in an attempt to，作目的状语，后接动词原形。 【83题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：那些想象力丰富的人往往会在一些创造性工作中脱颖而出。根据句意可知，此处表示“脱颖而出”应用stand out；tend to 后接动词原形。 【84题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我和同学们将在明天的英语课上轮流背诵这首诗。根据句意可知，此处表示“轮流”应用 take turns，固定搭配take turns to do sth轮流做某事；will 为情态动词，后接动词原形。 【85题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：想要成为熟练的阅读者，你不妨利用上下文进行预测。根据句意可知，此处表示 “利用” 应用make use of；might as well后接动词原形。 【86题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我最不想见到的事就是在朋友面前丢脸。根据句意可知，此处表示“丢脸”应用 lose face；不定式符号to后接动词原形。 【87题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我昨晚熬夜，忙着准备将在毕业典礼上发表的演讲稿。根据句意可知，此处表示“致力于，忙着做”应用 work on；主语I与work on为主动关系，用现在分词working on作伴随状语。 【88题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：学习并不在于充当一个空容器。根据句意可知，此处表示“在于”应用consist in；助动词doesn’t后接动词原形。 【89题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：我已经听了几十遍，熟记于心了。根据句意可知，此处表示“熟记”应用固定搭配learn sth by heart，by heart在句中作状语。 【90题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他们正在与残酷的命运抗争，因为他们相信自己的努力一定会带来改变。根据句意可知，此处表示“与…… 抗争” 应用struggle with；本句为现在进行时，are后接现在分词struggling with。 VI. Translation （15’=3’+3’+4’+5’） 91. 他从小就受到中国传统文化的熏陶。(expose) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He has been exposed to traditional Chinese culture since he was a child/since childhood. 【解析】 【详解】表示“他”用He；表示“受到……熏陶”用固定短语be exposed to，主语是第三人称单数，动作自小时候持续至今，用现在完成时has been exposed to；表示“中国传统文化”短语为traditional Chinese culture；表示“从小”用since he was a child或since childhood。 92. 这件事成功的关键在于你是否能充分利用好自己的时间。（consist) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The key to success in this/it consists in whether you can make good/full use of your own time. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这件事成功的关键”应用the key to success in this/it，success“成功”为名词；表示“在于”应用固定短语consist in，句子描述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the key为单数，故谓语用consists；表示“是否”用whether引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；表示“充分利用”应用固定短语make good/full use of；表示“你自己的时间”为your own time。 93. 他总是固执己见，想要说服他改变自己的观点并非易事。(persuade) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He is always sticking to his own opinions, so it is hard/not easy to persuade him to change his mind/into changing his mind. 【解析】 【详解】句子可处理为并列复合句，由并列连词so连接两个简单句；第一句可将副词always“总是”和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的主观情绪，“固执己见”可用动词短语stick to和名词短语his own opinions搭配；第二句是陈述通常的情况，宜用一般现在时，“做某事并非易事”可用固定句型it is hard to do sth.或it is not easy to do sth.，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，“说服某人做某事”可用动词短语persuade sb. to do sth.或persuade sb. into doing sth.，“改变（他）自己的观点”可用动词短语change his mind。 94. 这个环保组织由10名志愿者组成，最近为了促进可反复利用的购物袋的使用，发起了一场名为“Green Action”的运动。（which） （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The environment protection organization consists of/is made up of/is composed of 10 volunteers, and it has launched a campaign which is named/called Green Action to promote the usage of reusable shopping bags recently. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这个环保组织”应用the environment protection organization，表示“由……组成”应用动词短语consist of / be made up of / be composed of，句子描述客观事实，谓语用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语用consists of/is made up of/is composed of；表示“10名志愿者”为10 volunteers；表示“发起了一场运动”应用动词短语launch a campaign，句子描述已经完成的动作，用现在完成时has launched；表示“名为‘Green Action’”用which引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词campaign，表示“被命名为”应用被动语态is named/called；表示“为了促进可反复利用的购物袋的使用”为不定式to promote the usage of reusable shopping bags作目的状语，表示“最近”为副词recently。 VII. Writing(25’) 95. Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 在求学路上，我们经历过成功的喜悦，也品尝过失败的痛苦。请根据你的个人经历，以“经历 + 感受 + 启示”为主要内容，以“An Unforgettable Experience”为题完成写作。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 An Unforgettable Experience On my academic journey, I have experienced the delight of victory as well as the bitterness of defeat. One striking experience lingers firmly in my mind. Last semester, I suffered a heavy blow in a vital English examination. Glancing at my frustrating grades, I sank into deep depression and was on the point of abandoning my efforts. Fortunately, my teacher offered me precious guidance. She told me that failure serves as a mirror revealing my drawbacks instead of a final verdict. Motivated by her advice, I analyzed my errors systematically and persisted in targeted practice. With constant devotion, I eventually achieved remarkable progress in the subsequent test. This experience conveys a profound lesson. Failure is merely a temporary obstacle. Only by confronting setbacks courageously and persevering in our struggle can we transform hardships into stepping stones to success. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生根据你的个人经历，以“经历 + 感受 + 启示”为主要内容，以“An Unforgettable Experience”为题完成写作。 【详解】1.词汇积累 萦绕：linger→dwell on 重要的：vital→critical 放弃：abandon→desert 最终：eventually→ultimately 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Fortunately, my teacher offered me precious guidance. 拓展句：Fortunately, my teacher who offered me precious guidance came to me when I was trapped in low spirits. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Glancing at my frustrating grades, I sank into deep depression and was on the point of abandoning my efforts.(运用了现在分词glancing作状语) 【高分句型2】Only by confronting setbacks courageously and persevering in our struggle can we transform hardships into stepping stones to success.(only+状语位于句首句子用部分倒装) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Listening comprehension section a directions in section a europe tent, short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was third, the conversations and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question. Have heard one, how do I look? Not bad. I really like the color IT matches your handbag. Question, what is the woman probably doing? Two, are we still going to have group study at the library tonight? Yeah. i'm just gonna grab something to eat. And then I will come back to school question. where is the woman probably going now? Three, I think this painting would look good in our living room. What do you think? sure. Let's take IT. Luckily, the Prices within our budget question. what will the two speakers probably do next? Four, did you see Katherine today? Why does he have such a long face? I don't have the . forest idea. I thought you'd be happy. And he got a promotion recently. Question, what can we learn about gathering? Five, do you want to share a taxi to the airport? We can save on expenses that way. Actually, I hate flying. I'm thinking about going into the . conference by train question, why aren't the men and the woman going together? Six, you've gone through all your money so quickly. I thought you were rich. Not may you know, money always burns a hole in my pocket. Question, what can we learn about the man? Seven, did you take any pictures of the graduation? Every money? Yesterday, I would . have recorded every detail of IT if I had taken my cell phone with me. Question, what does the man mean? Aid aren't discouraged by the slow progress your stuff is making. Yes, I think . i've probably given them a deadline and hold them . to IT question, what is the man probably going to do? Nine, Derek, you look exhausted. Don't do you think you should take a . vacation? This too much work, my chances would be Better if they would hire more people. Question, what does the man mean? Ten, excuse me, can you please show me to my seat is too dark inside, and I don't think I can find my seat. I'm sorry, is, but I can't let you in until . the interval question, what does the man mean? Section b directions in section a, you are here, two shot passengers and the one longer versions of the questions on each of the passages, and longer version the passengers. And the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answer on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question. Have heard . questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. It's surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think. Using expensive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, and crossing your arms makes you more determined. So if moving the body can have these effects, what about the clothes we wear? We are all aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us a few more attractive or professional, but can the clothes actually makers perform Better? Or is this just a feeling? Adam and Green sky tested the effect of simply wearing a White lab code on people's powers of attention. The idea is that White coat is associated with scientists who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail. What they found was that people wearing White coats make only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes. This opens the way for all sorts of close based experiments. Is the psychologist smoke in a cigar? More insightful. Does the chef's had make the food taste Better? Maybe from now on, I will only be editing my turn paper, wearing a parody losses to help me make fewer mistakes. Now listen again, please. It's surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think. Using expensive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, and crossing your arms makes you more determined. So if moving the body can have these effects, what about the close we wear? All aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more effective or professional, but can the clothes actually make us perform Better? Or is this just a feeling? Adam and Green sky tested the effect of simply wearing a White lab coat on people's powers of attention. The idea is that the White clothes are associated with scientists, who in turn to have close attention to detail. What they found was that people wearing White coats made only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes. This opens the way for all sorts of close based experiments. Is the psychologist smoking a cigar? More insight, does the ship had make the food taste Better? Maybe from now on, I will only be editing my turn paper, wearing a pair of glasses to help me make fewer mistakes. Question eleven, how would . people probably feel when they cross their arms? Question twelve, what is the purpose of adam and Green sky experiment? Question thirteen, what is the main idea of the passage? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Some of the everyday heroes in the united states are the country's paramedics. These Young men and women are usually the first people who respond to medical emergencies suffered by citizens. They respond to emergency cause performing medical services and a transporting patients to medical facilities. They work both indoors and outdoors in all types of weather. Their work is physically tough, sometimes involving life or death situations. People's lives often depend on their quick reaction and competent care. Paramedics must complete a very extensive physical training program that is designed to knock up those who cannot make the cut. A parameter must be in fit condition and be mentally strong to perform his or her duties in the face of danger. They must be certified in C, P, R techniques and be trained to handle all situations. Paramedics provide a valuable service to the communities they serve. Some of the equipment paramedics Carry is very specialized. They Carry basic and advanced live support tours so they can reach people in danger and other emergency equipment. Now listen again, please. Some of the everyday heroes in the united states are the country's paramedics. These Young men and women are usually the first people who respond to medical emergencies suffered by citizens. They respond to emergency calls, performing medical services and transporting patients to medical facilities. They work both indoors and outdoors in all types of weather. Their work is physically of, sometimes involving life for debt situations. People's lives often depend on their quick reaction and competent care. Paramedics must complete a very extensive physical training program that is designed to knock out those who cannot make the cut. A paramedic must be in fit condition and be mentally strong to perform his or her duties in the face of danger. They must be certified in C. P, R techniques and be trained to handle all situations. Paramedics provide a valuable service to the communities they serve. Some of the equipment paramedics Carry is very specialized. They Carry basic and advanced life support tools so they can reach people in danger and other emergency equipment. Question fourteen, what are paramedics according to the passage? Question fifteen, which group of words can best describe paramedics work according to the passage? Question sixteen, which of the following is not mentioned as a basic requirement for paramedics? Question seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Simon, could you review the results of the survey on people's sporting activities? sure. The survey was conducted on one hundred fifty men and women between the ages of eight and fifty five years old. According to the result, the most active group involved in sporting activities are those between eighteen and twenty six years old, followed by those thirty six to forty five years old. okay? As far as particular sports are concerned, people in these two ropes chose dragon as their favorite sport, folded by skin, tennis, swiming and cycling. Um based on . what you've said, I think we should consider targeting the eighteen to twenty six year old age group more in the future. I also feel we should consider expanding our sign of athletic shoes. Maybe we can come up with a more appealing design aimed at this age group. I see what you mean. However, when these results are compared with the survey Carried out three years ago, we can see a growing trade among older consumers, I mean forty six to fifty five, who are becoming more conscious and concern about stay in fit. I believe this train will continue, so we should focus on this group instead. I see your point. Well, let's meet again on wednesday to discuss the details. Now listen . again. please. Could you review the results of the survey on people's oring activities? sure. The survey was conducted on one hundred fifty men and women between the ages of eight and five years old. According to the result, the most active group involved in sporting activities are those between eighteen and twenty six years old, followed by those thirty six to forty five years old. Okay. as far as particular sports are concerned, people in these two groups chose dragon as their favorite sport, water by skin, tennis, swiming and cycling. Um based on what you've said, I think we should consider targeting the eighteen to twenty six year old age group more in the future. I also feel we should consider expanding our line of athletic shoes. Maybe we can come up with a more appealing design aimed at this age group. I see what you mean. However, when these results are compared with the survey Carried out three years ago, we can see a growing trend among older consumers, I mean, forty six to fifty five, who are becoming more conscious and concern about stay in fit. I believe this trend will continue, so we should focus on this group instead. I see your point. Well, let's meet again on wednesday to discuss the details. Question seventeen, which group is the most active in sports according to the survey? Question eighteen, which sport is most popular among people? Question nineteen, what is the woman's proposal based on the survey? Question twenty, what is the man's suggestion on the marketing strategies? 听力测试结束，请考生继续答题。 闵行三中高二英语阶段练习 （考试时间：120分钟 满分150分） I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Buying a handbag. B. Trying on a piece of clothing. C. Taking a picture. D. Attending a fashion show. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To the library. B. To the school. C. To the cafeteria. D. To the cinema. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Make a budget. B. Buy the painting. C. Decorate the living room. D. Bargain with the art dealer. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She didn’t get the promotion. B. She doesn’t look attractive. C. She is not in a good mood. D. She can’t stand foggy days. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man needs to arrive earlier. B. The woman has to work overtime. C. The woman dislikes air travel. D. The man wants to save money. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He has earned a big fortune. B. He is good at saving. C. He has little money. D. He spends money like water. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He didn’t attend the ceremony. B. He took a lot of precious pictures. C. He forgot to take his cell phone. D. He recorded the ceremony with his camera. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Set a deadline for the staff to meet. B. Encourage his staff to work harder. C. Ask for a progress report on the project. D. Hold a conversation with his employees. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He doesn’t need a vacation. B. The company is short of hands. C. He is afraid of losing the job. D. The boss told him to take a chance. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. No seats are available now. B. It’s not the right time to enter. C. It’s too dark for him to find the seat. D. She can’t get in until the interview ends. Section B (15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. More cheerful. B. Less stressed. C. More determined. D. Less attractive. 12. A. To find out how clothes can affect people’s feelings. B. To show how scientists pay more attention to details. C. To prove people make fewer mistakes in lab coats. D. To test the effect of clothes on people’s attention. 13. A. Body movements change the way people think. B. How people dress can change their appearance. C. What people wear can affect their performance. D. People doing different jobs wear different clothes. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Experts who specialize in preventing natural disasters. B. People trained to respond to medical emergencies. C. Super heroes devoted to defending the earth. D. Doctors and nurses who provide medical services. 15. A. Decent and promising. B. Busy but secure. C. Tough and stressful. D. Demanding but well-paid. 16. A. Passing a physical training program. B. Getting a certificate in CPR (心肺复苏术). C. Possessing a medical school diploma. D. Keeping calm in any situation. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. 18-26. B. 27-35. C. 36-45. D. 46-55. 18. A. Jogging. B. Swimming. C. Tennis. D. Cycling. 19. A. Launch a new promotion campaign. B. Carry out another survey. C. Increase the production of athletic shoes. D. Hold more athletic competitions. 20. A. Make products more appealing. B. Follow the trend. C. Focus on fitness business. D. Target older customers. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. China’s First Nobel Prize Winner in Medicine When it comes to science idols, there is no doubt that Tu Youyou is right up there. At the age of 84, she _____21_____ (award) the Nobel Prize for Medicine, the first Chinese ever ____22____ (win) the award. Tu Youyou started malaria research after she was recruited to a special government unit. In 1967, _____23_____ Chinese government saw an urgent national need to find a cure for malaria. Tu Youyou searched old manuscripts for a herbal remedy _____24_____ might form the basis of a cure. Despite the hardship, Tu never gave up the hope _____25_____ a cure was just around the corner. By this stage, she ______26______ (test) almost 200 compounds with nothing to show for it. Finally she found Artemisia. After repeated trials, she heated the extract _____27_____allowing it to reach boiling point. Tu volunteered to test the drug on _____28_____, being the first human to try it. The first tablets were approved in 1986. Since then, the number of malaria deaths _____29_____ (fall) by almost 50%. Tu devoted her life to ______30______ (perfect) the drug, working quietly in the background. If greatness is measured by lives saved, Tu Youyou ranks among history’s greatest scientists. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. acquire B. assumption C. demanding D. devoted E. impact F. isolation G. mechanisms H. recruits I. rewarding J. sponsored K. sustain Volunteering has long been regarded as a noble act of giving, yet a growing body of research suggests that helpers themselves may be the biggest winners. In a study of more than 2,000 teenagers, those who have ____31____ themselves to community service reported lower stress levels and higher life satisfaction than their peers. The findings challenge the ____32____ that giving is a sacrifice rather than a gain. So what makes volunteering so powerful? Psychologists point to several ____33____. First, helping others builds a sense of belonging, which protects young people from feelings of ____34____. Second, volunteering pushes teenagers out of their comfort zones, forcing them to ____35____ practical skills such as public speaking and problem-solving. Third, witnessing the positive ___36___ of their efforts — a cleaner park, a brighter smile — strengthens their belief that they can make a difference. Take the “Sunshine Readers”program, which ____37____ university students to read aloud to children in hospitals. Initially ____38____ by a local charity, the program has grown into a citywide movement as more schools have joined in. For the volunteers themselves, the experience has proved highly ____39____; many describe it as a turning point in their lives. Of course, volunteering is not always smooth sailing. It can be time-consuming and even emotionally ____40____. Yet for most young volunteers, the rewards far outweigh the challenges. As one participant put it, “I went there hoping to change others’ lives, but I ended up changing my own.” Perhaps that is why an increasing number of schools are integrating volunteering into their curricula, determined to cultivate a caring generation. III. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A child’s place in the family birth order may play a role in the type of occupations that will interest him or her as an adult, new research suggests. In two related studies, researchers found that only children were more interested in intellectual, cognitive careers than later-born children. ___41___, later-born children were more interested in both artistic and outdoor-related careers. “For example, parents may be extremely ___42___ of only children and worry about their physical safety. That may be why only children are more likely to show interest in academic ___43___ rather than physical or outdoor activities. An only child will tend to get more time and attention from their parents than children with siblings. This will often make them feel special but the downside is that they may suffer from ___44___ and loneliness when friends discuss their brothers and sisters and family life.” The first-born is an only child until the second child comes along — ___45___ them from being the centre of attention, to then sharing the care of parents. Parents will also expect them to be responsible and “set an example”. The change from being the focus of a family may be quite a ___46___ and so shape the first-born’s outlook on life. Therefore, first-borns may try to get back their parents’ attention and approval by achieving success in their career. It is true that first-borns are ___47___ more often found as political leaders than any other birth-order position. Being the youngest in the family can sometimes be a(n) ___48___ experience, especially if the child wants to be taken seriously. The last-born is more likely than the other birth-order positions to take up dangerous sports. This may be a ___49___ of the last-born’s rebellious characteristic–a result of being ___50___ up with always being bossed about by everyone else in the family. Middle children, ___51___, have different issues. “Middle–child syndrome” can mean feeling ___52___ between two other “more important” people — an older sibling who gets all the rights and is treated like an adult and a younger sibling who gets all the ___53___ and is treated like a spoilt child. Middle-borns have to learn to get on with older and younger children, and this may ___54___ them becoming good negotiators — of all the birth-order positions they are most skillful at dealing with both authority figures and those holding ___55___ positions. 41. A. In other words B. In addition C. In contrast D. In particular 42. A. proud B. protective C. positive D. precious 43. A. pursuit B. exchange C. freedom D. reputation 44. A. regret B. jealousy C. sympathy D. neglect 45. A. prohibiting B. varying C. preventing D. transforming 46. A. disaster B. tragedy C. shock D. tendency 47. A. enormously B. significantly C. unexpectedly D. extremely 48. A. exciting B. confusing C. frustrating D. rewarding 49. A. sample B. signal C. symbol D. sign 50. A. tied B. fed C. mixed D. caught 51. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. meanwhile 52. A. sandwiched B. trapped C. combined D. balanced 53. A. honors B. resources C. privileges D. expectations 54. A. insist on B. contribute to C. approve of D. result from 55. A. former B. superior C. latter D. inferior Section B (22’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） To Be a Deaf DJ I was born in England with perfect hearing. In 1990, when I was five, my family moved to the United States. I started getting ear infections every three months or so. We didn’t have health insurance at the time, and when I got a third infection, my parents couldn’t afford the treatment. I went deaf in my right ear and was left with 50 percent hearing in my left. Over time, my remaining hearing dropped to 20 percent, where it is today. My doctors predicted that I would be thoroughly deaf by now, and I think I’m doing pretty well. There was always music on in my house in my childhood. I loved listening to Metallica, Led Zeppelin, Michael Jackson. My dad was a DJ, so he played disco, folk, rock, and music from other countries. For my 18th birthday, my dad asked me to deejay at the restaurant. After doing that for a few weeks, I was interested in it. I desired to learn more. I e-mailed DJ Shiftee, a distinguished New York City DJ, “I know you like a challenge. How about teaching a deaf person to deejay?” He wrote back the next day, “Challenge accepted.” He tutored me twice a week for two years, helping me develop correct technique. I practiced four hours a day. Now when I’m performing, muscle memory takes over. When I started, I wouldn’t tell the club managers that I was deaf. I would just show up, introduce myself, and start playing music. At the end of the night, someone would say, “Oh, here’s the check.” And I’d say, “What? Oh, I can’t hear.” They were always so astonished. Sometimes I would bring doctor’s notes because they wouldn’t believe me. It was reassurance that they were giving me opportunities to perform because I was brilliant, not out of sympathy. Eventually people started calling me “that deaf DJ,” and the name stuck. What fascinates me about deejaying is the creativity. I use software that turns the music into lines of color on a computer screen. I’m visually hearing the music. The next time you go dancing, cover your ears, and you’ll start seeing that you’re able to hear the music in a different way. Music is not all about hearing. I pay all sorts of get-togethers now, from college parties to corporate events. I also go to elementary schools for the deaf and talk to the students about motivation and believing in themselves. I tell the parents, “My advice to you is let your kids chase their dreams. I’m a deaf DJ, so why not?” 56. Which of the following might result in the author’s hearing loss? A. Monthly ear infection. B. Moving to the U. S. C. Family financial hardship. D. The doctors’ prediction. 57. How did DJ Shiftee help the author during his youth? A. He taught him correct skills. B. He discovered his talent for DJ. C. He played at the restaurant for him. D. He cultivated his taste for foreign music. 58. The underlined expression in Paragraph 3 “the name stuck” probably means that ________. A. the author was in low spirits B. the author impressed people deeply C. the audience felt disappointed by the player D. the audience looked down upon the player 59. We can conclude from the passage that the author loves deejaying because ________. A. working as a DJ involves creating B. music helps him to see the world virtually C. he motivates the kids to realize their dream D. he desires to challenge something impossible (B) Are you worried about the planet and tired of waiting around for things to change? Go ahead and take a closer look at the various options available to volunteer for the environment! Sustainable Agriculture If you decide to volunteer for a sustainable agriculture project, you’ll definitely learn some interesting sustainable farming techniques. You will be learning these techniques from locals or teaching them to the local farmers so they can implement these techniques on their own. Best Places to Volunteer: Central or South Africa, India, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines. Marine Conservation Volunteers for marine conservation should naturally be attracted to water. It’s important that you don’t fear diving and have a strong interest in learning to dive during your stay. While volunteering, your task as a volunteer will be to help research, maintain and grow the unique marine biology. Best Places to Volunteer: The Bahamas, Cuba, Peru, South Africa, Indonesia, Spain and Italy. Nature Conservation Conservation projects are dedicated to protecting the natural environment of a specific location. Tasks here may vary greatly depending on the program but it will require volunteers to study the environment and learn about the local wildlife species. You’ll be monitoring the environment and retrieving data while taking action to preserve the local species of fauna and flora. Best Places to Volunteer: Madagascar, the Maldives, South Africa, New Zealand and Russia. Renewable Energy and Water Projects focused on energy and water create ways for communities to access sustainable energy and water sources. These programs are dedicated to designing system improvements and creating a sustainable supply of energy and water. It’s important for conservation volunteers to evaluate the needs of the community and implement actions to solve these issues. Best Places to Volunteer: Peru, Costa Rica, El Salvador, India and Cameroon. Requirements: With so many subcategories and such a wide array of organizations, the required skill set will vary for each program. English is the main language on all projects so it’s important that conservation volunteers have a good understanding of English. For projects in South America, you will find it helpful to have a basic knowledge of Spanish. 60. If you want to volunteer for three projects in the same country, which country is the best choice? A. Peru. B. Indonesia. C. South Africa. D. India. 61. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Volunteers can learn farming techniques by implementing these techniques on their own. B. Volunteers need to study the environment and perform the same natural conservation tasks. C. Volunteers should assess the requirements of the community before implementing actions. D. Volunteers can sign up for marine conservation project even if they are afraid of the water. 62. What is required in common to be a volunteer in any of the above programs? A. Farming techniques. B. Marine biology. C. Data retrieving. D. The English language. (C) Detecting Loneliness We know that artificial intelligence (AI) is smart enough to do a few things our minds cannot, and with incredible accuracy. And now, it seems it also has the capacity to detect loneliness in humans, which is an otherwise challenging task. A new study, led by researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, US, has shown how AI tools can predict levels of loneliness from a person’s speech with an accuracy rate of 94 percent. The study focused on 80 participants aged 66 to 94, a population particularly vulnerable to loneliness. The subjects were asked 20 questions from the UCLA Loneliness Scale, which uses a four-point rating scale (量表) for questions such as “How often do you feel left out?” and “How often do you feel part of a group of friends?” They were also interviewed in private conversations, which were recorded and transcribed (转录) by researchers. The transcripts (文字记录) were then examined using natural language processing tools, including IBM Watson Natural Language Understanding (WNLU) software, to quantify (量化) expressed emotions. The interesting thing about this system is that it not only uses dictionary-based methods, such as searching for specific words that express fear, but also presents corresponding patterns by testing the words used in the response. Varsha Badal, the first author of the study, noted that the WNLU software system uses deep learning to extract (提取) data from keywords, categories, emotions and grammar.“Natural language processing and machine learning can systematically examine long interviews from multiple individuals and explore how subtle speech features such as emotions may indicate loneliness,” Badal said. “Similar emotion analyses by humans would be open to bias (偏见), lack consistency, and require extensive training to standardize.” The more lonely a person felt, the longer their responses to direct questions regarding loneliness. The system was capable of not just detecting the degree of loneliness in each subject, but also showing differences between the way men and women spoke about loneliness. The men were found to use more fearful and joyful words in their responses, while the women tended to acknowledge feeling lonely during interviews. Co-author Dilip Jeste said that the IBM-UC San Diego Center is now exploring natural language patterns of loneliness and wisdom, which are inversely (成反比地) linked in older adults. “Speech data can be combined with our other assessments of cognition (认知), mobility, sleep, physical activity and mental health to improve understanding of aging and to help contribute to successful aging,” he said. 63. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in the second paragraph most probably mean? A. having very excited and pleased feelings B. unable to think clearly or to understand sth C. having strong negative feelings about sth D. weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally 64. How did the WNLU software system contribute to the loneliness study? A. By detecting speech patterns that show emotion. B. By removing bias from the transcribing process. C. By locating specific words in long conversations. D. By standardizing the training of emotion analyses. 65. Which of the following is among the findings? A. The lonelier the person is, the quicker they respond. B. The way we talk about loneliness varies with age. C. Lonelier people had longer responses about loneliness. D. Women tend to be more optimistic about loneliness. 66. What does Dilip Jeste imply in the last paragraph? A. Further study is needed to improve the system’s accuracy. B. AI tools can be applied to studying the secret of aging. C. Speech data is important for assessing cognition. D. The study is helpful for studying aging. Section C（8’） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Importance of Ethics (道德准则) Two 1996 studies indicate the importance of the study of ethics to students in journalism and mass communications programs. A survey of seventy-three media ethics courses at universities across the country revealed a continuing rise in enrollment. _____67_____ Also, media organizations have told educators that they value students’ critical-thinking and problem-solving skills and their sense of ethics. However, reasons for studying ethics go beyond what potential employers desire. Proper behavior is necessary for growth and order. If one objective of an education is to promote the growth and development of the individual, then the place to start is with personal behavior. Developing a sense of what is right and wrong, or appropriate and inappropriate, will promote order, not only in individual lives but also in society at large. _____68_____ Speed limits are set, proper directions are indicated, and numerous suggestions are made — Seat belts, for example — so that automobile travel is reasonably safe and efficient. Without order, the “rules” of the road, travel becomes chaotic. Order is necessary. _____69_____ It sets “rules” for proper human activity and as a result promotes growth, development, and order in individual lives. _____70_____ Not every problem is an ethical one, and even when an ethical problem is present itself, people sometimes make the wrong ethical decision, or they make the right ethical decision and it results in unforeseen negative consequences. Nevertheless, people must realize that without a large number of individuals “doing the right thing”, society would not be doing much at all except fighting for survival and trying to figure out an increasingly chaotic world. Things are bad enough with ethics; think how bad they might be without them. A. Ethical behavior could play the same role. B. Think, for example, of the order required to move traffic on roads and highways. C. Ethics promotes not only a better individual but also a better society. D. The other study noted that 44 percent of the responding schools required students to complete an ethics course. E. In conclusion, ethics seeks to resolve moral problems by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong. F. Ethics, however, is not a magic cure-all. IV. Verb-blanks（10’） 71. Don’t phone him between 5 and 6. He ____________ (have) dinner then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 72. Nobody is allowed to go into the meeting room. The committee members happen ______________ (discuss) the environmental problem now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 73. He was supposed __________________(return) today, but was delayed by the heavy fog. (所给词的适当形式填空) 74. A knock at the door again! It was the third time someone ________________ (interrupt) me that evening. (所给词的适当形式填空) 75. Realizing that he hadn’t enough money and ________________(not want) to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. (所给词的适当形式填空) 76. He _______ (plan) to go abroad, but he changed his mind after finding a good job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 77. Yesterday our English teacher told us that practice ______________ (make) perfect. (所给词的适当形式填空) 78. When he was a student, he spent as much more time as he could ______________ (go) over his lessons (所给词的适当形式填空) 79. Tom ________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months. （所给词的适当形式填空） 80. Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful. (所给词的适当形式填空) V. Complete the following sentences by using the phrases in the box. Each phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one phrase more than you need.（10’） Complete the following sentences by using the phrases in the box. Each phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one phrase more than you need. A. in an attempt to B. stand out C. struggling with D. working on E. by heart F. take turns G. lose face H. on tiptoe I. make use of J. come of K. consist in 81. Though he walked into the classroom ____________, the teacher noticed him in no time. 82. My brother made a fair laboratory in the garden ____________ work hard at chemistry. 83. Those with a vivid imagination tend to ____________ in some creative work. 84. My classmates and I will ____________ to recite the poem in tomorrow’s English lesson. 85. To be skilled readers, you might as well ____________ the context and predict. 86. The last thing I want to see is to ____________ before my friends. 87. I stayed up late last night, ____________ the speech to be delivered at the graduation ceremony. 88. Learning doesn’t ____________ being an empty container. 89. I have listened to it dozens of times and have already learned it ____________. 90. They are ____________ the cruel fate because they believe their efforts are sure to make all the difference. VI. Translation （15’=3’+3’+4’+5’） 91. 他从小就受到中国传统文化的熏陶。(expose) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 92. 这件事成功的关键在于你是否能充分利用好自己的时间。（consist) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 93. 他总是固执己见，想要说服他改变自己的观点并非易事。(persuade) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 94. 这个环保组织由10名志愿者组成，最近为了促进可反复利用的购物袋的使用，发起了一场名为“Green Action”的运动。（which） （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ VII. Writing(25’) 95. Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 在求学路上，我们经历过成功的喜悦，也品尝过失败的痛苦。请根据你的个人经历，以“经历 + 感受 + 启示”为主要内容，以“An Unforgettable Experience”为题完成写作。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $